{ "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "10th and 11th centuries", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d1": "", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d2": "Normandy", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d3": "", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d4": "", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "William the Conqueror", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard I of Normandy", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "Catholic orthodoxy", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea27": "", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea28": "", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea29": "", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2a": "Richard I", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2b": "", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Norseman, Viking", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century", "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb89": "", "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb8a": "9th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "King Charles III of West Francia", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "river Seine", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0d": "10th century", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0e": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0f": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec10": "Viking incursions", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "", "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec39": "", "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec3a": "Danes, Norwegians, Norse\u2013Gaels, Orkney Vikings", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "Christianity", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec63": "", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec64": "", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec65": "", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff011": "rest of France", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff012": "fighting horsemen", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff013": "Normans", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "the Seljuk Turks", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3e9": "Normans", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ea": "the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3eb": "Norman mercenaries", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ec": "Sicilian campaign of George Maniaces", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Alexius Komnenos", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff467": "Herv\u00e9", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff468": "1050s", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff469": "", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff46a": "1050s", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Turkish forces", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff689": "", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68a": "the Armenian state", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68b": "Oursel", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68c": "upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Raoulii were descended from an Italo-Norman named Raoul", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6e9": "Byzantine Greece", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6ea": "", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6eb": "", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "February 1082", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff799": "", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79a": "", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79b": "Dyrrachium, Valona, and Butrint", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79c": "30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "the city of Deabolis", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "the river Deabolis", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e1": "", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e2": "Bohemond", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e3": "Robert", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff823": "", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff824": "high Byzantine officials", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff825": "Dyrrachium", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "King Ethelred II of England", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Sweyn Forkbeard", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff86f": "", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff870": "", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff871": "", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8ef": "1041", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f0": "", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f1": "", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Duke William II of Normandy", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "Anglo-Saxons", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff951": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff952": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff953": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff954": "", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Anglo-Saxon language", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ab": "", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ac": "", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ad": "Geoffrey Chaucer", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Irish", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Irish culture", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa09": "", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0a": "", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0b": "", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Duncan", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3b": "", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3c": "", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3d": "his son Duncan", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Norman culture", "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8d": "Sybilla of Normandy", "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8e": "Normans and Norman culture", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "the Welsh", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor", "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb35": "", "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb36": "", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "the Marches", "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb5f": "", "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb60": "Bernard de Neufmarch\u00e9, Roger of Montgomery in Shropshire and Hugh Lupus in Cheshire", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb8f": "Antioch", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb90": "", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb91": "Roger de Tosny", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb92": "Crusade", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd1f": "", "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd20": "", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years", "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd41": "", "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd42": "", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "a storm", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Isaac Komnenos", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd57": "", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd58": "", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd59": "Isaac Komnenos", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde1": "", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde2": "Guy de Lusignan", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde3": "offering his daughter in marriage to the person named by Richard", "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Africa", "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb7": "", "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb8": "", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Maciot de Bethencourt", "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd97": "", "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd98": "Maciot de Bethencourt", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "in the Channel Islands", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7d": "", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7e": "", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7f": "", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded", "5ad402ce604f3c001a3ffd67": "rounded arches", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "the Early Gothic", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Anglo-Saxon", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Kingdom of Sicily", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffcdf": "", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce0": "", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce1": "", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "11th century", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "the dukes", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca7": "Carolingian", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca8": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca9": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffcaa": "", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "the 16th century", "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc73": "", "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc74": "", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "the Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc47": "", "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc48": "", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "mosaics", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1b": "as stonework or metalwork", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1c": "mosaics", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1d": "", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "the 11th century", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe7": "", "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe8": "musical production and education", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Sant'Eufemia", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "singing", "5ad3fccf604f3c001a3ffbb5": "", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "their inherent difficulty", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "computational problem", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab72": "a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab73": "Computational complexity theory", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab74": "", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab75": "", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab76": "", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "if its solution requires significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "mathematical models of computation", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "time and storage", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "number of gates in a circuit", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7c": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7d": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7e": "time and storage", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7f": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab80": "", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "computability theory", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab86": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab87": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab88": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab89": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab8a": "", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "concrete", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "the solution", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab90": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab91": "a problem instance", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab92": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab93": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab94": "", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9a": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9b": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9c": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9d": "", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "problem", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "the binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "binary notation", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "via their adjacency matrices", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba2": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba3": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba4": "bitstrings", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba5": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba6": "", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "1 or 0", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "yes", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "yes", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc8": "Decision problems", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc9": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abca": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcb": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcc": "yes", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "an arbitrary", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "formal language", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd2": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd3": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd4": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd5": "", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "a single", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "A function problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "the integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "complex", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abda": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdb": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdc": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdd": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abde": "complex", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "as decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "the set of triples", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe4": "", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe5": "", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe6": "", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "calculated as a function of the size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "as a function of the size of the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "input size", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abea": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abeb": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abec": "as a function of the size of the instance", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abed": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abee": "", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham's", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "the time taken", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "T(n)", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf4": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf5": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf6": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf7": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf8": "", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "A Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "symbols", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abfe": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abff": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac00": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac01": "", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "A deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "a fixed set of rules", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "A probabilistic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "A non-deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0e": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0f": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac10": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac11": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac12": "", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "resources (such as time or space) are bounded", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac06": "", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac07": "when resources (such as time or space) are bounded,", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac08": "", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac09": "", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "computational power", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "the machines operate deterministically.", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac18": "", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac19": "time", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1a": "", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1b": "", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "a non-deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "more unusual resources", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "branching", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2a": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2b": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2c": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2d": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2e": "", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "the total number of state transitions", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "their difficulty", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "DTIME", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "The time required by a deterministic Turing machine M on input x is the total number of state transitions", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac48": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac49": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4a": "DTIME", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4b": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4c": "", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "computational", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "the Blum complexity axioms", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "Complexity measures", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "Complexity", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac52": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac53": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac54": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac55": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac56": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "best, worst and average", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "inputs", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5c": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5d": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5e": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5f": "", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "worst-case", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "O(n2)", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac64": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac65": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac66": "The worst-case", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac67": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac68": "", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "the most efficient algorithm", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "analysis of algorithms", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "lower bounds", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "running time at most T(n)", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac76": "one is interested in proving upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac77": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac78": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac79": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac7a": "", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "T(n) = O(n2)", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "the computational model used", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac88": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac89": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8a": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8b": "", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "definition like the following", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "definitions", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac90": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac91": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac92": "framework", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac93": "definition", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "the chosen machine model", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "single-tape", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "complexity class", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace4": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace5": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace6": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace7": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace8": "", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "important complexity classes", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0c": "", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0d": "", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0e": "", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0f": "", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "BPP, ZPP and RP", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean circuits", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1e": "BPP, ZPP and RP", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1f": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad20": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad21": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad22": "", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "computation time", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "DTIME(n2)", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "time and space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "a proper hierarchy", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "quantitative", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3c": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3d": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3e": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3f": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad40": "", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "time and space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "PSPACE", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad50": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad51": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad52": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad53": "", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "another problem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "no more difficult", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "the bound on the complexity of reductions", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6c": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6d": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6e": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6f": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad70": "", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "polynomial", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "input to both inputs", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad94": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad95": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad96": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad97": "giving the same input to both inputs", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad98": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "the type of reduction being used", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "solve any problem in C", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "the set of NP-hard problems", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb2": "", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb3": "no problem in C is harder than X", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb4": "", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb5": "", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "P", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "no known polynomial-time solution", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "P = NP", "5ad566375b96ef001a10adce": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10adcf": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10add0": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10add1": "", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "the vertex cover problem", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "deterministic Turing machines", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adea": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adeb": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adec": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10aded": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adee": "", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "more efficient solutions", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "US$1,000,000", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae10": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae11": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae12": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae13": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae14": "", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "NP-intermediate problems", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "The graph isomorphism problem", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1a": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1b": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1c": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1d": "", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "The graph isomorphism problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "second level", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae36": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae37": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae38": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae39": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae3a": "", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "The integer factorization problem", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "the RSA algorithm", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "the general number field sieve", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae48": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae49": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4a": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4b": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4c": "", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "suspected to be unequal", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "P and PSPACE", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "Proving that any of these classes are unequal", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae62": "", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae63": "", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae64": "P and PSPACE", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae65": "", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae66": "", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "reversed", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "NP is not equal to co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "P is not equal to NP", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6c": "", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6d": "reversed", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6e": "NP is not equal", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6f": "if these two complexity classes are not equal then P is not equal to NP.", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "complexity classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "not known if they are distinct or equal classes", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae84": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae85": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae86": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae87": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae88": "not known if L (the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "exponential-time", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "NP-complete problems", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9e": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9f": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea0": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea1": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea2": "", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger arithmetic", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "algorithms have been written", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "the NP-complete knapsack problem", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "less than quadratic time", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "the NP-complete knapsack problem", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea8": "Presburger arithmetic", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea9": "", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeaa": "", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeab": "", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "foundations were laid out", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "Turing machines", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "a computer", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec2": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec3": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec4": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec5": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec6": "", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "\"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\" by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965)", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "time and space complexity", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedc": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedd": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aede": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedf": "time and space complexity", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeec": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeed": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeee": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeef": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aef0": "", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "encoding", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abac": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abad": "some concrete choice of input encoding", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abae": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abaf": "", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af06": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af07": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af08": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af09": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af0a": "", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "10", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "Southern California is a major economic center", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "historical political divisions", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698a": "", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698b": "Kern and San Luis Obispo", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698c": "Southern California", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Nevada", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "Mexican border", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Tijuana", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b8": "", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b9": "", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869ba": "", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Pacific coast", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "over 12 million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "San Diego area", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "17.5 million", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0c": "60", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0d": "", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0e": "four million", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0f": "", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado River", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mexico\u2013United States border", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a64": "", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a65": "Mojave Desert", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a66": "", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "southern California", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "south", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa6": "Los Angeles and San Diego", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa7": "", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa8": "", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa9": "", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "five most populous in the state", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac2": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac3": "15", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac4": "", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "The Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "music", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afa": "", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afb": "motion picture, television, and music", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afc": "", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afd": "", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Tony Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpac", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2a": "Southern California", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2b": "professional surfers", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2c": "Southern California", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2d": "", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2e": "", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "beaches", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "desert", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "nearby open spaces", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b58": "locals and tourists", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b59": "", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b5a": "", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\"", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "11", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "the Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "the Tehachapi Mountains", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3a": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3b": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3c": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3d": "Another definition for southern California", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "the Compromise of 1850", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "free", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc6": "Mexico", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc7": "", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc8": "the line of the Missouri Compromise", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc9": "", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Cow Counties", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "three", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Milton Latham", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3a": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3b": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3c": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3d": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3e": "", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "the Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1999", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d58": "", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d59": "", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d5a": "", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "three-region", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "Tehachapis", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "southern California region", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da2": "AAA Auto Clubs", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da3": "AAA Auto Clubs", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da4": "", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da5": "regional tourism groups", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third most populated megalopolis in the United States", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "suburban", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "international metropolitan region", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de4": "", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de5": "", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de6": "", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Inland Empire", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "1990s", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e16": "", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e17": "L.A. and Orange Counties", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e18": "", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e19": "Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "infrequent rain", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "very rare", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "70-50's", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e30": "Mediterranean", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e31": "", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e32": "", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e33": "snow", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "natural ecosystem landscapes", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e56": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e57": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e58": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e59": "Southern California", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "about 10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "Nearly all of them are so small", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "property damage", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "over $20 billion", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebc": "", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebd": "", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebe": "about 10,000", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebf": "15\u201320", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "6.7+", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "Puente Hills Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "Many faults", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecc": "San Andreas Fault", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecd": "the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ece": "", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecf": "Earthquake occurrence in California", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "economically", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "economic", "5ad0410977cf76001a686efe": "", "5ad0410977cf76001a686eff": "", "5ad0410977cf76001a686f00": "", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "", "570603c475f01819005e7886": "Greater Sacramento region", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f14": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f15": "10.0%", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f16": "tech", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f17": "", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "Metropolitan Statistical Areas", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "two", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern Border Region", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f24": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f25": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f26": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f27": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f28": "", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "twelve", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100,000", 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Central business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Central business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Downtown Riverside", "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7a": "", "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7b": "", "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7c": "", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "business districts", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Los Angeles Area", "57060cc352bb891400689810": "San Fernando Valley", "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Los Angeles", "5ad0470477cf76001a686f80": "Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach", "5ad0470477cf76001a686f81": "Los Angeles central business district", "5ad0470477cf76001a686f82": "Century City, Westwood and Warner Center", "57060df252bb891400689820": "", "57060df252bb891400689821": "Riverside", "57060df252bb891400689822": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", "5ad0475c77cf76001a686f86": "Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town", "5ad0475c77cf76001a686f87": "Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality 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"570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f98": "", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f99": "San Diego International Airport", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f9a": "Los Angeles International Airport", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f9b": "", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "seven", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Orange", "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa0": "", "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa1": "Metrolink", "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa2": "", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Port of Los Angeles", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Long Beach", "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern California", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa6": "Port of Los Angeles", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa7": "Port of Los Angeles", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa8": "", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa9": "Port of Los Angeles", "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689865": "research universities", "5706139252bb891400689866": "private", "5706139252bb891400689867": "5", 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"57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "two", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Sky", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "\u00a31.3bn", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99b": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99c": "two", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99d": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99e": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99f": "", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "three", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d3": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d4": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d5": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d6": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d7": "", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "using a Sky+ PVR", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "September 2007", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "a monthly fee", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "January 2010", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "Sky+HD Box as standard", "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9e7": "Sky+", "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9e8": "", "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9e9": "can still pay a monthly fee", "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9ea": "", "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9eb": "", "57094d489928a8140047150a": "VideoGuard", "57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS", "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems", "57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Sky+", "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea79": "", "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7a": "", "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7b": "", "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7c": "", "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7d": "", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "basic", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "substantially increased the asking price", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "Video On Demand content", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "HD channels", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea93": "", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea94": "", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea95": "", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea96": "", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea97": "", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "July 2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "OneDrive", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "OneDrive for Business", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa7": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa8": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa9": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaaa": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaab": "", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Astra", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "Sky Digital", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "3.5 million", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9af": "Sky Digital", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b0": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b1": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b2": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b3": "", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British telecommunications", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae97f": "British Sky Broadcasting", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae980": "", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae981": "", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae982": "", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae983": "", "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub", "57096505ed30961900e84083": "Sky Q Silver set top boxes with a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection", "57096505ed30961900e84084": "share recordings and other media", "57096505ed30961900e84085": "later in 2016", "57096505ed30961900e84086": "2016", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea33": "", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea34": "", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea35": "", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea36": "", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "DVB-compliant MPEG-2", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "DVB-S2", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea71": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea72": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea73": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea74": "", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Astra 2A", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28.5\u00b0E", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea5f": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea60": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea61": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea62": "", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "4,222,000", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea29": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2a": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2b": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2c": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2d": "", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "in March", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "digital terrestrial", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9dd": "8 February 2007", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9de": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9df": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e0": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e1": "", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "a monthly subscription", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "Ku band", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea67": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea68": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea69": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6a": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6b": "", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "autumn of 1991", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a334m", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae993": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae994": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae995": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae996": "", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "BSkyB has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG,", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "BSkyB does not", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "BSkyB does not", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea83": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea84": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea85": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea86": "", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Open.", "57097051ed30961900e84135": "ONdigital", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "over 100,000", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9b9": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9ba": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bb": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bc": "", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "4 HD", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8b": "", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8c": "", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8d": "", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8e": "", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "more than 25m people", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "flattened", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c1": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c2": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c3": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c4": "", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "a \"Welfare Cash Card", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "often damaging", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "Sky TV bills", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "would betray a man's presence in the household", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9c9": "", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9ca": "", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cb": "often damaging", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cc": "", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cd": "", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "Currently there is no indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9d": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9e": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9f": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa0": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa1": "BSkyB", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "highly diversified", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "The Melbourne Cricket Ground", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e6": "eight public universities", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e7": "second", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e8": "", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e9": "Melbourne", "5a6374de68151a001a9222ea": "eight", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley near Bright", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "over 1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary", "5a637a8868151a001a922304": "Bendigo", "5a637a8868151a001a922305": "", "5a637a8868151a001a922306": "Ireland and China. Many Chinese miners worked in Victoria", "5a637a8868151a001a922307": "", "5a637a8868151a001a922308": "", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "multi-member proportional representation system", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "four years", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "November every four years", "5a637f8768151a001a922318": "22 two-member electorates", "5a637f8768151a001a922319": "five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote", "5a637f8768151a001a92231b": "", "5a637f8768151a001a92231c": "", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Liberals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "The Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "The Greens", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "", "5a63866968151a001a922336": "", "5a63866968151a001a922337": "", "5a63866968151a001a922338": "Australian Greens", "5a63866968151a001a922339": "", "5a63866968151a001a92233a": "", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "26.7%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "168,637", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "Around 20%", "5a63888168151a001a922340": "61.1%", "5a63888168151a001a922341": "152,775 Muslims and 45,150 Jews", "5a63888168151a001a922342": "", "5a63888168151a001a922343": "168,637", "5a63888168151a001a922344": "152,775", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "south-east", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "Australia's most densely populated", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "second-most populous state overall", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "second-largest", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c8": "", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c9": "second-largest", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222ca": "second", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cb": "", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cc": "", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "Port Phillip District", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d2": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d3": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d4": "Sullivan Bay", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d5": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d6": "", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "More than 26,000 square kilometres (10,000 sq mi)", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "50%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "nearly 90%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000", "5a638d2768151a001a92236e": "", "5a638d2768151a001a92236f": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922370": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922371": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922372": "", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "1855 colonial constitution", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "Parliament of Victoria", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "1855 colonial constitution", "5a63835a68151a001a92232c": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232d": "1855 colonial constitution", "5a63835a68151a001a92232e": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232f": "an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum", "5a63835a68151a001a922330": "", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "hot winds", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "48.8 \u00b0C", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "2009 southeastern Australia heat wave", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a0": "", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a1": "15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F)", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a2": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a3": "", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a4": "2009", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "state or government schools", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "some extra costs", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic Church", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "curriculum standards", "5a638a2468151a001a92234a": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234b": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234c": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234d": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234e": "", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Ford", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "2017", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "May 2013", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "October 2016", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922382": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922383": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922384": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922385": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922386": "", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "2,000 m (6,600 ft)", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "helmeted honeyeater", "5a6394b768151a001a922396": "2,000 m (6,600 ft)", "5a6394b768151a001a922397": "Mount Bogong", "5a6394b768151a001a922398": "", "5a6394b768151a001a922399": "", "5a6394b768151a001a92239a": "", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "east-west", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "0 \u00b0C", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F)", "5a63969068151a001a9223aa": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ab": "Great Dividing Range", "5a63969068151a001a9223ac": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ad": "9 \u00b0C (48 \u00b0F)", "5a63969068151a001a9223ae": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "the Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "freight", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "an extensive, electrified, passenger system", "5a63981168151a001a9223b4": "government", "5a63981168151a001a9223b5": "", "5a63981168151a001a9223b6": "", "5a63981168151a001a9223b7": "Pacific National, CFCL Australia", "5a63981168151a001a9223b8": "Pacific National, CFCL Australia", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "12", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau", "5a63730568151a001a9222dc": "", "5a63730568151a001a9222dd": "", "5a63730568151a001a9222de": "Legislative Assembly", "5a63730568151a001a9222df": "Legislative Council", "5a63730568151a001a9222e0": "", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "one of the largest gold rushes", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million ounces", "5a63787868151a001a9222fa": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fb": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fc": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fd": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fe": "20 million ounces", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "Just under 540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61", "5a638b3668151a001a92235a": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235b": "489", "5a638b3668151a001a92235c": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235d": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235e": "", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "nearly two-thirds of the nation's milk, almost 6.4 billion litres", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia", "5a638e4468151a001a922378": "", "5a638e4468151a001a922379": "", "5a638e4468151a001a92237a": "60%", "5a638e4468151a001a92237b": "60%", "5a638e4468151a001a92237c": "Asia", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "760 mm (2 ft 6 in)", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150aef": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af0": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af1": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af2": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af3": "", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", "5a63772268151a001a9222f0": "", "5a63772268151a001a9222f2": "New Holland", "5a63772268151a001a9222f3": "", "5a63772268151a001a9222f4": "", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "British troops", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "mining licence fees", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "5a637c6268151a001a92230e": "1854", "5a637c6268151a001a92230f": "", "5a637c6268151a001a922310": "mining licence fees", "5a637c6268151a001a922311": "", "5a637c6268151a001a922312": "", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "representatives elected to either house of parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "elected to either house of parliament", "5a6381d868151a001a922322": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922323": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922324": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922325": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922326": "", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "136,000 square kilometres", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60%", "5a638bf768151a001a922364": "17% to $8.7 billion", "5a638bf768151a001a922365": "17%", "5a638bf768151a001a922366": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922367": "A quarter", "5a638bf768151a001a922368": "A quarter", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "regional cities", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "SurfClassic", "5a6391c268151a001a92238c": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238d": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238e": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238f": "regional cities", "5a6391c268151a001a922390": "", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central parts of France", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "one-eighth", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "from 1562 to 1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fc": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fd": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fe": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288ff": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a428900": "", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "derision", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "Amboise plot", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560", "5ad241c7d7d075001a428978": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a428979": "housemates", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897a": "Geneva", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897b": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897c": "", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Guyard de Moulin", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a10": "1294", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a11": "France", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a12": "", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a13": "", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a14": "", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "Edict of 1598", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb8": "Protestant rule was dead and the ville de s\u00fbret\u00e9 was no more", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb9": "", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bba": "", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbb": "1629", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbc": "", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Cape of Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Dutch East India Company", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1700", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6e": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6f": "commander Jan van Riebeeck", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e70": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e71": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e72": "", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Brooklyn", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2e": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2f": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f30": "New France", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f31": "New Netherland", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f32": "", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "Charleston", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "Edmund Bellinger", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429122": "", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429123": "", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429124": "1685", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429125": "", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429126": "", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "Stadtholder William III of Orange", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "League of Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Dutch Republic", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "1672", "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923e": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923f": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a429240": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a429241": "", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "500,000", "5ad24056d7d075001a42892c": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a42892e": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a42892f": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a428930": "", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church in France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "had their own militia", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "political", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a92": "5,000 to 30,000", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a93": "", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a94": "", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a95": "", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "the Huguenot rebellions", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "southwestern France", "57108073b654c5140001f927": "between 1621 and 1629", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "Henry IV", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be4": "1629", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be5": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be6": "Italian", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be7": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be8": "", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "Approximately one million", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "C\u00e9vennes mountain region", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "French Australians", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc6": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc7": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc8": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc9": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dca": "", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Paltz", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "Huguenot Street Historic District", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "the oldest street in the United States of America", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "Staten", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f60": "21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and a third", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f61": "21 miles", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f62": "", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f63": "", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f64": "New Paltz", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "the Dutch Republic", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000 to 100,000", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Edict of Nantes", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429292": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429293": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429294": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429295": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429296": "", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Tours", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "Huguon", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "ghost of le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "night", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cc": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cd": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289ce": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cf": "1560", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289d0": "", "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "economic separation", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a429398": "1830", "5ad26c87d7d075001a429399": "Canterbury", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939a": "Canterbury", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939b": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939c": "Maidstone", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", "5ad27081d7d075001a429454": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429455": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429456": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429457": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429458": "", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "a brain drain", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "the Seven Years' War", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759-60", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e8": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e9": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294ea": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294eb": "", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry of Navarre", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "reaffirmed Catholicism as the state religion of France", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "the founding of new Protestant churches", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Protestantism", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8c": "", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8d": "1598", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8e": "", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8f": "", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education of children as Catholics", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "emigration", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "new converts", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "Virginia", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4e": "", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4f": "North American colonies", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c50": "", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c51": "hundreds of thousands", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c52": "", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "Switzerland and the Netherlands", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "1555", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "France Antarctique", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "the Guanabara Confession of Faith", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0c": "around 500", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0d": "", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0e": "", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0f": "", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "wine industry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "Western Cape province", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "surnames", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea4": "Huguenots", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea5": "Huguenots", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea6": "", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea7": "", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Jack Jouett", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Henry Laurens", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b2": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b3": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b4": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b5": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b6": "", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "The only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five widows who settled in Dover", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f2": "", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f3": "18th century", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f4": "", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f5": "", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806-07", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949a": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949b": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949c": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949d": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949e": "", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Prussia", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "C\u00e9vennes region", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "the Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c88": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c89": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8a": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8b": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8c": "", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Spanish", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e40": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e41": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e42": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e43": "", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Southeastern U.S.", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "Wars of Religion", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eec": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eed": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eee": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eef": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428ef0": "1564", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Manakin Town", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "390", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "12 May 1705", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ac": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ad": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ae": "390", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290af": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290b0": "", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "Spain", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "\"Apologie\" of William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Calvinist", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429206": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429207": "Huguenot", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429208": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429209": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a42920a": "Gaspard de Coligny", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "transubstantiation during Mass", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429358": "50,000", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429359": "50,000", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935a": "Andr\u00e9 Lortie", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935b": "", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935c": "50,000", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite war", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "Irish linen", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429422": "", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429423": "Dublin", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429424": "Killeshandra", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429425": "the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429426": "expansion of flax cultivation", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making works", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b8": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b9": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294ba": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294bb": "1604", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Dutch Cape Colony", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "Quebec", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "they were accepted and allowed to worship freely.", "5ad240eed7d075001a428940": "England", "5ad240eed7d075001a428941": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428942": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428943": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428944": "", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "The \"Hugues hypothesis\"", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet, king of France", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "non-French linguistic origins", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898a": "", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898b": "Protestants", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898c": "", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898d": "", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "University of Paris", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "1530", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "John Calvin", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a68": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a69": "Paris", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6a": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6b": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6c": "", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "25,000", "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac8": "", "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac9": "Paris", "5ad24600d7d075001a428aca": "thousands", "5ad24600d7d075001a428acb": "", "5ad24600d7d075001a428acc": "", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "he sent missionaries", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "closed Huguenot schools", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1e": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1f": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c20": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c21": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c22": "", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called \"Bauffet's Point\"", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church", "5ad2615ed7d075001a429018": "the Huguenots", "5ad2615ed7d075001a429019": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901a": "La Rochelle", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901b": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901c": "small", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "E.I. du Pont", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "well into the nineteenth century", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Eleutherian gunpowder mills", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429174": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429175": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429176": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429177": "affiliated with other Protestant denominations", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Historical and Critical Dictionary", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "US Library of Congress", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Nicolas", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932a": "", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932b": "", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932c": "Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas)", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932d": "multi-volume", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d4": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d5": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d6": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d7": "about a third", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d8": "", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Lutheran and Reformed", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "two new regiments", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429472": "", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429473": "", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429474": "4,000", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429475": "1,500", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429476": "", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Adolf Galland", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Minister of the Interior", "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950e": "", "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950f": "", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429510": "General Hermann von Fran\u00e7ois", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429511": "Huguenot", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429512": "", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "high pressure", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion engines", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2d": "solar power", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2e": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2f": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef30": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef31": "", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "the atmospheric engine", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff017": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff018": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff019": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01a": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01b": "", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "United Kingdom", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "Abercynon in south Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff183": "", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff184": "21 February 1804", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff185": "", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff186": "United Kingdom", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff187": "south Wales", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "a water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "centrifugal pumps", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "the 1850s", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "lower-pressure boiler feed water", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63b": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63c": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63d": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63e": "steam locomotives", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63f": "", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three or four expansion stages", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "late 19th century", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "marine triple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic class", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fb": "", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fc": "quadruple expansion engines", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fd": "late 19th century", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fe": "marine triple expansion engines", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004ff": "", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Corliss", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Joy", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f5": "", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f6": "", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f7": "", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f8": "", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the lead melts", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "the steam escapes", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "dampening the fire", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a40012f": "Lead fusible plugs", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400130": "the lead melts", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400131": "the steam escapes, warning the operators, who may then manually suppress the fire", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400132": "manually suppress the fire", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400133": "dampening the fire", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "Industrial Revolution", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5b": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5c": "rotary", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5d": "ten", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5e": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5f": "", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Hero of Alexandria", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb1": "first century AD", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb2": "Denis Papin", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb3": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb4": "Giovanni Branca", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb5": "", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "shipping", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "coal carried", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff143": "", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff144": "expansions", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff145": "shipping", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff146": "coal carried", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff147": "internal combustion engines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "steam turbines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electric", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff293": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff294": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff295": "several hundred", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff296": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff297": "electric power", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in a closed space", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar energy", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "electric", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30d": "burning combustible materials", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30e": "combustion chamber", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30f": "", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff310": "solar energy", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff311": "electric", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "steam engine indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "London Exhibition in 1862", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66b": "", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66c": "1851", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66d": "Charles Richard", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66e": "Charles Richard", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66f": "London Exhibition", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a1": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a2": "180\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a3": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a4": "pistons within the group are usually balanced at 180\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a5": "the pistons worked in the same phase", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four events", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "expansion", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff829": "", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82a": "", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82b": "one", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82c": "four events", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82d": "expansion", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "The Quasiturbine", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow cycle", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "an additional port uncovered by the piston", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff963": "The Quasiturbine", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff964": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff965": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff966": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff967": "", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "models", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7b": "oscillating cylinder steam engine", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7c": "", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7d": "models", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7e": "ships", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7f": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "working fluid is recycled continuously", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "\"open loop", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "water", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400327": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400328": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400329": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032a": "Mercury", "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032b": "", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "the working fluid", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400431": "working fluid", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400432": "", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400433": "", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400434": "30 \u00b0C", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400435": "", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "steamboats", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "the Stanley Steamer", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "factories", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "an increase in the land available for cultivation", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8d": "", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8e": "steamboats", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8f": "the Stanley Steamer", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef90": "factories", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef91": "", "571153422419e3140095557d": "Catch Me Who Can", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder", "571153422419e31400955580": "edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway", "571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff261": "George Stephenson built the Locomotion for the Stockton and Darlington Railway. This was the first public steam railway in the world", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff262": "Matthew Murray", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff263": "", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff264": "Stockton and Darlington Railway", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff265": "", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "torque variability", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "cylinder volume", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71b": "Arthur Woolf", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71c": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71d": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71e": "cylinder volume", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71f": "", "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", "571154c72419e31400955588": "", "571154c72419e31400955589": "gas turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "steam turbines with reduction gearing", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5d": "90%", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5e": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5f": "gas turbines", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa60": "steam turbines with reduction gearing", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa61": "reduction gearing", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "removed in a condenser", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s", "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Scottish", "5ad41260604f3c001a40023f": "", "5ad41260604f3c001a400240": "removed in a condenser", "5ad41260604f3c001a400241": "1990s", "5ad41260604f3c001a400242": "biomass", "5ad41260604f3c001a400243": "", "571156152419e3140095559b": "its \"duty\"", "571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt", "571156152419e3140095559d": "94", "571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million", "571156152419e3140095559f": "17", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003dd": "its \"duty\"", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003de": "Watt", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003df": "94", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e0": "the number of foot-pounds of work delivered by burning one bushel (94 pounds) of coal", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e1": "17", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "steam turbines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef6f": "steam turbines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef70": "turbine type steam engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef71": "turbine type steam engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef72": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef73": "", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura Portugal", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff1": "Thomas Savery", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff2": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff3": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff4": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff5": "John Smeaton", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1802", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "power", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e3": "Richard Trevithick", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e4": "", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e5": "", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e6": "transport", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e7": "", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "8.8", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b1": "Energiprojekt AB", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b2": "", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b3": "", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b4": "8.8", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b5": "", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "locations where water is costly", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "wet)", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35d": "surface condensers", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35e": "", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35f": "", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff360": "Evaporative (wet) cooling towers", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff361": "3600", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "centrifugal governor", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "flour mill", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "cotton spinning", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "hold a set speed", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6df": "centrifugal governor", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e0": "", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e1": "flour mill Boulton & Watt", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e2": "cotton spinning", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e3": "", "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "railway locomotives", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "complicated", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "road engines", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d7": "1880", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d8": "railway locomotives", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d9": "complicated", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7da": "1930", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7db": "road engines", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "shortening the cutoff\"", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "evacuate the cylinder", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff865": "\"shortening the cutoff", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff866": "kick back", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff867": "evacuate the cylinder", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff868": "", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff869": "", "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef37": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef38": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef39": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3a": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3b": "", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "drive shaft", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "turbine casing", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600 revolutions per minute (RPM)", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e3": "", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e4": "drive shaft", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e5": "", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e6": "drive shaft", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e7": "3600 revolutions per minute (RPM)", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "lower", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "pollution", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fef9f": "lower", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa0": "electric motors", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa1": "", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa2": "Advanced Steam movement", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa3": "pollution", "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": "cylinders and valve gear", "571161092419e314009555d9": "thermal expansion", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeeb": "the Wankel engine", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeec": "cylinders and valve gear", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeed": "thermal expansion", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeee": "", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeef": "", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1775", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "a separate condenser", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half as much", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "Newcomen's", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "a piston", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff045": "1775", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff046": "a separate condenser", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff047": "half as much", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff048": "Newcomen", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff049": "", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "plug valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "adjustable spring-loaded valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "seal", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "more power from the engine", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a400019": "two", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001a": "", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001b": "", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001c": "seal", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001d": "more power", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "the Corliss steam engine", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "four", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30% less", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff111": "", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff112": "", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff113": "four", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff114": "Rumford medal", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff115": "30% less", "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic", "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt", "571163172419e314009555e9": "separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat", "5ad41733604f3c001a40037f": "thermodynamic", "5ad41733604f3c001a400380": "Watt", "5ad41733604f3c001a400381": "separate condenser", "5ad41733604f3c001a400382": "", "5ad41733604f3c001a400383": "latent heat", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "liquid phase", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C", "5ad419f8604f3c001a400499": "during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049a": "liquid phase", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049b": "1% to 3% of the turbine power", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049c": "1500 \u00b0C", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049d": "", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "injector", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "recover the latent heat of vaporisation", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "chain or screw stoking mechanism", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c5": "Mechanical stoker", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c6": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c7": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c8": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c9": "chain or screw stoking mechanism", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "the dreadnought battleships", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7f9": "feed water", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fa": "", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fb": "the dreadnought battleships", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fc": "ocean liners", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fd": "", "571166352419e314009555f1": "water", "571166352419e314009555f2": "a turbine connected to an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f3": "an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission", "571166352419e314009555f5": "Britain", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1b": "water", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1c": "a turbine connected to an electrical generator", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1d": "an electrical generator", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1e": "", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1f": "Britain", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "practical Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "in the condenser", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "liquid", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c7": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c8": "in the condenser", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c9": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002ca": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002cb": "liquid", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "helium", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen gas", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two atoms", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "half", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen group", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third-most abundant", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c4": "Oxygen", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c5": "Oxygen", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c6": "", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c7": "", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "ozone layer", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "sunlight", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "ozone", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846e": "", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846f": "", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428470": "", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428471": "", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1679", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "17th", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow", "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285da": "", "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285db": "1641\u20131679", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dc": "", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dd": "", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285de": "", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Joseph Priestley", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "clergyman", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "he published his findings first", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "was more active and lived longer", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428618": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428619": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861a": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861b": "dephlogisticated air", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century BCE", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "Philo incorrectly surmised that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "the classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "air", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a4": "inverting a vessel over a burning candle and surrounding the vessel's neck with water resulted in some water rising into the neck", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a5": "2nd century BCE", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a6": "Leonardo da Vinci", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a7": "", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "an ignition event", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "source of most of the chemical energy released", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "oxygen with a high oxidative potential", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "Oxygen", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "ignition event", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "chemical energy released", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922c": "rapid combustion", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922d": "", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922e": "", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922f": "", "5ad2678ad7d075001a429230": "", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "O 2", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "combustion", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "Steel pipes", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "the Apollo 1 crew", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429276": "", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429278": "Concentrated O 2", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429279": "proceed rapidly and energetically", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "mantle", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "The Earth's mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "complex silicates", "5ad26235d7d075001a429080": "carbon dioxide", "5ad26235d7d075001a429081": "", "5ad26235d7d075001a429082": "aluminium oxide Al 2O 3", "5ad26235d7d075001a429083": "", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "the simplest", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b4": "atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were monatomic", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b5": "8 times that of hydrogen, instead of the modern value of about 16", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b6": "water is formed of two volumes of hydrogen and one volume of oxygen", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b7": "", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b8": "", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "Air", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "lighter", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428600": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428601": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428602": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428603": "", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "a covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "Aufbau", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically bonded to each other", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", "5ad24180d7d075001a428970": "based on level of theory", "5ad24180d7d075001a428971": "the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", "5ad24180d7d075001a428972": "O-O molecular axis", "5ad24180d7d075001a428973": "", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "1773 or earlier", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "his work was published first", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428488": "", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428489": "1773 or earlier", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848a": "", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848b": "", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "spin triplet state", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "its unpaired electrons", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "spontaneous combustion", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ea": "triplet oxygen", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289eb": "", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ec": "", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ed": "", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "trapped air", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "increased in weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882a": "respiration", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882b": "azote", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882c": "1777", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "UV", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0c": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0d": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0e": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0f": "", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen, O 2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "O 2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "O 2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "energy content", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "cellular respiration", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcc": "dioxygen", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcd": "O2", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bce": "", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcf": "energy content", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ec": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ed": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ee": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ef": "", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c32": "", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c33": "", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c34": "", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c35": "", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "most abundant", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "world's oceans", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca4": "", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca5": "", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca6": "", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca7": "", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca8": "Oxygen gas", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "19th century", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "compressing and cooling it", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Raoul Pierre Pictet", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "drops", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d8": "chemist and physicist", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d9": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288da": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288db": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288dc": "Jagiellonian University", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "Sun", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Genesis", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "unknown", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "the Earth", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d34": "", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d35": "", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d36": "", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d37": "", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac0": "singlet oxygen", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac1": "all the electron spins", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac2": "", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac3": "Carotenoids", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "lower global temperatures", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12%", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "oxygen-18", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d24": "", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d25": "", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d26": "", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d27": "lower global temperatures", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "plant health status", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "satellite platform", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "global", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "Some remote sensing", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d98": "", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d99": "", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d9a": "", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "paramagnetic", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "unpaired electrons", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "magnetic", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "laboratory demonstrations", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa2": "paramagnetic", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa3": "the spin magnetic moments of the unpaired electrons in the molecule, and the negative exchange energy between neighboring O 2 molecules", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa4": "", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "dangerous by-products", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "to destroy invading microbes", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic organisms", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "about 2.5 billion years ago", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dda": "", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddb": "O\u2212 2", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddc": "Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide ion (O\u2212 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2)", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddd": "", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dde": "", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "liquefied air", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "combustible", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c62": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c63": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c64": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c65": "", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "in the world's water bodies", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "their higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "biochemical oxygen demand", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0c": "", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0d": "", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0e": "decay of these organisms", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0f": "", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e66": "", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e67": "Paleoproterozoic", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e68": "free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e69": "", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "oxygen cycle", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "biogeochemical", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "three", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "Photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce8": "", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce9": "the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428cea": "", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ceb": "photosynthesis", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "pressure swing adsorption", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "90% to 93% O 2", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e94": "", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e95": "continuous supply of gaseous oxygen to be pumped through a pipeline", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e96": "", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "water", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "DC", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "oxides and oxoacids", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "Chemical", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed0": "Oxygen gas", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed1": "", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed2": "oxides and oxoacids", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed3": "", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "recreational", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "a placebo effect", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "performance", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "placebo effect", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff4": "Oxygen", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff5": "", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff6": "", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff7": "a placebo", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "special oxygen chambers", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6a": "special oxygen chambers", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6b": "", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6c": "", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6d": "divers who decompress too quickly after a dive", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "respiration", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "heart", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1c": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1d": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1e": "emphysema, pneumonia, some heart disorders", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1f": "", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "Fe 1 \u2212 xO", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "", "5ad261bad7d075001a429050": "chemical bonds with almost all other elements", "5ad261bad7d075001a429051": "its electronegativity", "5ad261bad7d075001a429052": "", "5ad261bad7d075001a429053": "", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "cabin depressurization", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "exothermic reaction", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "exothermic", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fae": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", "5ad26000d7d075001a428faf": "Passengers traveling in (pressurized) commercial airplanes", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb0": "", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb1": "exothermic", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "Oxygen storage methods include high pressure", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "liquid", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "as a liquid", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "compressed gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "hospitals", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f00": "high pressure oxygen tanks", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f01": "", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f02": "", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f03": "", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "organic solvents", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "alcohols", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "feeder materials", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "Epoxides", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ca": "acetone, methanol, ethanol", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cb": "alcohols", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cc": "ethers", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cd": "", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ce": "", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "energy-carrying molecules ATP and ADP", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "Only a few", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "proteins", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "bones", "5ad26479d7d075001a42914e": "", "5ad26479d7d075001a42914f": "", "5ad26479d7d075001a429150": "", "5ad26479d7d075001a429151": "oxygen", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "160 kPa", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "seizures", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ec": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ed": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ee": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ef": "6 m", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "low total pressures used", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "marginally more than normal", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d0": "", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d1": "low total pressures used", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d2": "", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d3": "30 kPa", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "elevated partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "at partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa)", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "50% oxygen composition at standard pressure", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "mechanical ventilators", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%\u201350%", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a0": "elevated partial pressures", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a1": "", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a2": "", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a3": "", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "US$3 per barrel", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "shock", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1875": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1876": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1877": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1878": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1879": "second oil shock", "5a75028897ca42001a521daf": "October 1973", "5a75028897ca42001a521db0": "Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria", "5a75028897ca42001a521db1": "\"first oil shock\"", "5a75028897ca42001a521db2": "the 1979 oil crisis", "5a75028897ca42001a521db3": "proclaimed an oil embargo.", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "to avoid being targeted by the boycott", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c187f": "Arab oil producers linked any future policy changes to peace between the belligerents", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1880": "disassociate themselves from United States foreign policy", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1881": "", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1882": "", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1883": "", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc3": "NATO", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc4": "Japan", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc5": "Arab oil producers", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc6": "multilateral negotiations with the combatants", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc7": "Israel", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "currency values would fluctuate unpredictably for a time, the industrialized nations increased their reserves", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "September 1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c1889": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188a": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188b": "floating the pound sterling", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188c": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188d": "", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcd": "the Bretton Woods Accord. The US abandoned the Gold Exchange Standard", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dce": "the Gold Exchange Standard", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcf": "float", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd0": "rise and fall according to market demand", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd1": "September 1971", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1973\u20131974", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "Oil Shock", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1893": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1894": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1895": "real incomes lagged. The substantial price increases of 1973\u20131974 largely returned their prices and corresponding incomes to Bretton Woods levels", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1896": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1897": "", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de1": "OPEC", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de2": "1947 to 1967", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de3": "substantial price increases", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de4": "the \"Oil Shock", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "the price of oil] is going to rise", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189d": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189e": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189f": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a0": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a1": "", "5a75066297ca42001a521de9": "launched a surprise attack on Israel", "5a75066297ca42001a521dea": "Yom Kippur", "5a75066297ca42001a521deb": "second-largest", "5a75066297ca42001a521dec": "a close US ally", "5a75066297ca42001a521ded": "ten times more", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "response to American aid to Israel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "economic and political objectives were met", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "a \"principal hostile country", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a7": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a8": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a9": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18aa": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18ab": "", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df3": "raised", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df4": "70%", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df5": "$5.11 a barrel", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df6": "Libya", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df7": "October 20, 1973", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Al-Qaeda and the Taliban", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "Middle East", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "economies had been caught between higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b1": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b2": "Middle East", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b3": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b4": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b5": "", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "price disruptions", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bb": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bc": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bd": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18be": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bf": "", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "Arctic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c5": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c6": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c7": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c8": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c9": "new ways to increase oil supplies", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "the Netherlands", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "Ted Heath", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18cf": "not uniform across Europe", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d0": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d1": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d2": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d3": "", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "UK", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "winter of 1973\u201374", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "Norway", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18d9": "flying, driving and boating", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18da": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18db": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dc": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dd": "", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "to encourage investment", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "creating greater scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e3": "to encourage investment", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e4": "", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e5": "", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e6": "", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e7": "long lines", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "to coordinate the response to the embargo", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ed": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ee": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ef": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f0": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f1": "lines at gasoline stations", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "55 mph", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "November 28, 1995", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f7": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f8": "Bill Clinton", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f9": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fa": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fb": "", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "The energy crisis", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "market and technology", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "congresses and presidents", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1901": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1902": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1903": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1904": "prospects are doubtful", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1905": "", "57265200708984140094c237": "U.S.", "57265200708984140094c238": "British", "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", "57265200708984140094c23a": "the Arabs and much of the rest of the Third World", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190b": "forcibly seize Middle Eastern oilfields", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190c": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190d": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190e": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190f": "", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "declared Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1915": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1916": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1917": "a 5% production cut", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1918": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1919": "5% production cut in December, causing a panic", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "USSR's", "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "January 1979", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c191f": "Iran", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1920": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1921": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1922": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1923": "", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "Toyota Corona, the Toyota Corolla", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "Japanese", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "V8 and six cylinder engines", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c1929": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192a": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192b": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192c": "Japanese", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192d": "", "572659535951b619008f703f": "1981", "572659535951b619008f7040": "Toyota Corona Mark II", "572659535951b619008f7041": "passenger space", "572659535951b619008f7042": "Lexus", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1933": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1934": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1935": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1936": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1937": "", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Toyota Hilux", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "GM", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import policy", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193d": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193e": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193f": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1940": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1941": "Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "An increase in imported cars", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "at least four", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "Mercury Marquis", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1947": "introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1948": "", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1949": "$12", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194a": "", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194b": "", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1979", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "1974 Mustang I", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1951": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1952": "1981 model year", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1953": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1954": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1955": "", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "to recover market share", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195b": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195c": "increased production", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195d": "shrinking or eliminating profits", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195e": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195f": "less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation, oil briefly fell back to pre-1973", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "a body of treaties and legislation", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "regulations and directives", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "a body of treaties and legislation", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect or indirect effect", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "three", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a74": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a75": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a76": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a77": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a78": "", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "the courts of member states", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "case law by the Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "international law", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "the Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b72": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b73": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b74": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b75": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b76": "", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "citizens", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "The \"European Council\"", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b98": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b99": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9a": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9b": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9c": "", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The TEU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "Faroe Islands", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "can interpret the Treaties", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "as soon as they enter into force", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "as soon as they enter into force", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "The Court of Justice of the European Union", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc4": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc5": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc6": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc7": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc8": "", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1985", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "Norway did not end up joining", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1972", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "1985", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be0": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be1": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be2": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be3": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be4": "", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "Following the Nice Treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France and the referendum in the Netherlands", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "very similar", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "an amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "it did not completely replace them.", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "a single constitutional document", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon Treaty", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bfe": "the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bff": "2004", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c00": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c01": "Lisbon Treaty", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c02": "", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "The Commission's President", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "one", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "Article 17(3)", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "The Commission's President", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "by a simple majority vote", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "Commissioners", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c30": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c31": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c32": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c33": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c34": "", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified, did in fact not", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "a Committee of Independent Experts", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "the European Council", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "The President of the Council and a Commissioner can sit in on ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Commission v Edith Cresson", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "a Committee of Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "European Anti-fraud Office", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "2012", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6c": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6d": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6e": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6f": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c70": "", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "ministers", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "former Poland Prime Minister Donald Tusk", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "inversely to member state size", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352 votes", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "260", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "each six months", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352 votes", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cc": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cd": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11ce": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cf": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11d0": "", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "a majority of all MEPs", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "harder", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "TEU articles 4 and 5", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "the Court of Justice", "572695285951b619008f774b": "article 294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "a majority in Parliament, a minority in the Council, and a majority in the Commission", "572695285951b619008f774d": "TEU articles 4 and 5", "572695285951b619008f774e": "a \"Conciliation Committee", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1258": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1259": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125a": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125b": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125c": "", "572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial branch", "572658435951b619008f7026": "Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)", "572658435951b619008f7027": "28", "572658435951b619008f7028": "member state courts", "572658435951b619008f7029": "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "interpreting the treaties", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1292": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1293": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1294": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1295": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1296": "", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "EU law", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1964 and 1968", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "1964", "5726975c708984140094cb21": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f8": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f9": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fa": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fb": "", "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", "572699db5951b619008f779c": "", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "the ultimate authority of member states, its factual commitment to human rights, and the democratic will of the people", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1368": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1369": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136a": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136b": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136c": "", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "All", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138c": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138d": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138e": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138f": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d1390": "", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "article 30", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "postal", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b0": "", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b1": "", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b2": "", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "at least 4 weeks", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "more than 28 days", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "early 1990s", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13ca": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cb": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cc": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cd": "", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "a citizen or company can invoke a Directive", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "British Gas plc", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "60", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1402": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1403": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1404": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1405": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1406": "", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national courts", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million Lira", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145a": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145b": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145c": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145d": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145e": "", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148a": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148b": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148c": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148d": "", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "since the 1950s", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "the least onerous", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b0": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b1": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b2": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b3": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b4": "", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "since the 1960s", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "general principle of international law and public law", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "a proper legal basis", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "the principles of legal certainty and good faith", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1504": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1505": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1506": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1507": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1508": "", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions common to the member states", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1540": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1541": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1542": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1543": "", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "European Court of Human Rights", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1580": "1950", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1581": "", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1582": "1950", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1583": "", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1584": "", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "2007", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "European Court of Justice", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159e": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159f": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a0": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a1": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a2": "", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ea": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15eb": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ec": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ed": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ee": "", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b6": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b7": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b8": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b9": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16ba": "", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "the election of the UK Labour Party to government", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "Following the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16de": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16df": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e0": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e1": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e2": "", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "article 66", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1710": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1711": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1712": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1713": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1714": "", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "the abuse of dominant position,", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "Articles 106 and 107", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1722": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1723": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1724": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1725": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1726": "", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "since the Treaty of Rome 1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "free trade", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "the Court of Justice", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1734": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1735": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1736": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1737": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1738": "", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "a customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "parallel importers", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "private actors", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission v", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "protest", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175a": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175b": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175c": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175d": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175e": "", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2003", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1796": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1797": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1798": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1799": "", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Keck and Mithouard", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "prevent cut throat competition", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Unfair Commercial Practices Directive", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17da": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17db": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dc": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dd": "", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "the European Community", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "to stay, so long as there was at least an \"indirect quid pro quo\" for the work he did", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f6": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f7": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f8": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f9": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17fa": "", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "between 3 and 14 hours a week", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1814": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1815": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1816": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1817": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1818": "EU legislation", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "social services that people can access wherever they move", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v Austria", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1828": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1829": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182a": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182b": "", "5726c002708984140094d073": "the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5726c002708984140094d074": "if they were non-discriminatory, \"justified by imperative requirements in the general interest\" and proportionately applied", "5726c002708984140094d075": "Reyners v Belgium", "5726c002708984140094d076": "49", "5726c002708984140094d077": "Commission v Italy", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1856": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1857": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1858": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1859": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d185a": "", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c0": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c1": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c2": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c3": "", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "people who give services \"for remuneration\"", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "because Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "costs of receiving treatment in Germany", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ac": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ad": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ae": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18af": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18b0": "", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Daily Mail", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "200,000 Danish krone (around \u20ac27,000", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187e": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187f": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1880": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1881": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1882": "", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "7,000,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine nations", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "broadleaf forest", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Brazil", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16,000 species", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "broadleaf forest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "7,000,000 square kilometres", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e4": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e5": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e6": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e7": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e8": "", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Climate fluctuations", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "last glacial maximum", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "the rainforest still managed to thrive", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45\u00b0", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "expanded", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "the last glacial maximum", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "34 million years", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ee": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ef": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f0": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f1": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f2": "", "5725c071271a42140099d127": "middle of the continent", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "Atlantic", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "Within the last 5\u201310 million years", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "easterly flow toward the Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "mid-Eocene", "57283d173acd2414000df790": "Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df791": "Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df792": "Amazonas Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "mid-Eocene", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "middle", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "Atlantic", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "Pacific", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f8": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f9": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fa": "Pacific", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fb": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fc": "", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "available data", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21,000 years", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "Last Glacial Maximum", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "sediment deposits", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000 years", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "sediment", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "moist tropical", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "open forest and grassland", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab402": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab403": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab404": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab405": "", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Amazon", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "27.7 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43 million tons", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182 million tons", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "27.7 million tons", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40a": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40b": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40c": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40d": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40e": "", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.52/sq mi", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "anthropological", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "the poor soil", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "0.2", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "less than 200,000", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab414": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab415": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab416": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab417": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab418": "", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "the 1540s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "smallpox", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "between AD 0\u20131250", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "AD 0\u20131250", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "AD 0\u20131250", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Ondemar Dias", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000 years", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41e": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41f": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab420": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab421": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab422": "11,000 years", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu tribe", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture and silviculture", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu tribe", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "roads, bridges and large plazas", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab428": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab429": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42a": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42b": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42c": "", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "One in five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "tens of thousands", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "2,200", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "between 96,660 and 128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "tens of thousands", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "One in five", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab432": "", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab433": "", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab434": "", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab435": "378", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "62", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "1,100", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "highest", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000 species", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43a": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43b": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43c": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43d": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43e": "", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "lipophilic alkaloid toxins", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab444": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab445": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab446": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab447": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab448": "", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "the early 1960s", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "loss of soil fertility and weed invasion", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "areas cleared of forest", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44e": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44f": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab450": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab451": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab452": "outer space", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "pasture for cattle", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "second-largest", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy percent", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab458": "1991 and 2000", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab459": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45a": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45b": "", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "soy", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18%", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "declined significantly", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab460": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab461": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab462": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab463": "2000 to 2005", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab464": "", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "biodiversity", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "carbon", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46a": "", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46b": "", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46c": "", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46d": "1.1 \u00d7 1011", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "greenhouse gas", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "though the 21st century", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "climate change in addition to deforestation", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab472": "Amazon rainforest", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab473": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab474": "climate change", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab475": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab476": "", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "indigenous", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "community-based", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "Urarina", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "relationship between non-human primates", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47c": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47d": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47e": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47f": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab480": "community-based", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Trio", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "southern Suriname", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "map out their ancestral lands to help strengthen their territorial claims", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab486": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab487": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab488": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab489": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab48a": "Trio Tribe", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "carbon", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab490": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab491": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab492": "Synthetic aperture radar", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab493": "Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Thematic Mapper (TM)", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab494": "", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "savanna or desert", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49a": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49b": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49c": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49d": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49e": "", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000 square miles", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5 gigatons", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a4": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a5": "8 gigatons", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a6": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a7": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a8": "in 2010 8 gigatons were released.", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "animals that live in marine waters worldwide", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "water flow through the body cavity", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "a few millimeters to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "combs", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "a few millimeters to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water flow through the body cavity", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "comb", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "marine waters worldwide", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb509": "", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50a": "combs", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50b": "swimming", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50c": "separate phyla", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50d": "", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "tentacles", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "tentilla", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "groups of large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla (\"little tentacles\") that are covered with colloblasts, sticky cells", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51b": "", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51c": "", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51d": "", "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51e": "25", "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51f": "", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "produce both eggs and sperm at the same time", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "The combination of hermaphroditism and early reproduction", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "eggs and sperm mature at different times", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "beroids", "5a834caae60761001a2eb539": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53a": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53b": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53c": "reproduction", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53d": "explosive rate", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "other ctenophores", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "fish larvae", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "bays", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "bays", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "causing fish stocks to collapse", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "accidental introduction of Beroe", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb555": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb556": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb557": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb558": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb559": "", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "monophyletic", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "515 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "tentacles", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "515 million years", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "monophyletic", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57d": "515 million years ago", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57e": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57f": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb580": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb581": "", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "cnidarians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "having colloblasts", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "ctenophores and cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "5a835482e60761001a2eb597": "inter-cell connections", "5a835482e60761001a2eb598": "sensory organs", "5a835482e60761001a2eb599": "", "5a835482e60761001a2eb59a": "", "5a835482e60761001a2eb59b": "", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic", "572647d0708984140094c14d": "cnidarians", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5d9": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5da": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5db": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dc": "diploblastic", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dd": "three", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "main method of locomotion", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "ctenes", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb\"", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f3": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f4": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f5": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f6": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f7": "", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "cydippid Pleurobrachia", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "oceanic species", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60d": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60e": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60f": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb610": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb611": "", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "gastrodermis", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a system of internal canals", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx", "5a836273e60761001a2eb63f": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb640": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb641": "each comb row", "5a836273e60761001a2eb642": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb643": "", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "supporting function", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "the direction in which the mouth is pointing", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters (0.079 in)", "5a836496e60761001a2eb657": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb658": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb659": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb65a": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb65b": "", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f3": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f4": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f5": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f6": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f7": "to avoid sinking", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "at the opposite end from the mouth", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "a statocyst", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a balance sensor", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb725": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb726": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb727": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb728": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb729": "", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "long, slender tentacles", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "rounded, sometimes nearly spherical and other times more cylindrical or egg-shaped", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "a sheath", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "the narrow end", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb72f": "the narrow end", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb730": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb731": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb732": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb733": "", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "specialized mushroom-shaped cells in the outer layer of the epidermis", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "they contain striated muscle", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey", "5a837549e60761001a2eb739": "", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73a": "little tentacles", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73b": "", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73c": "vesicles (chambers) that contain adhesive", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73d": "striated muscle", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight rows", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "ciliary groove", "5a838553e60761001a2eb759": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75a": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75b": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75c": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75d": "", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "gelatinous projections edged with cilia", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "suspended planktonic prey", "5a838676e60761001a2eb763": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb764": "continuously", "5a838676e60761001a2eb765": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb766": "four", "5a838676e60761001a2eb767": "produce water currents", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping their lobes", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "escape from danger", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "nerves", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "nerves", "5a83878de60761001a2eb777": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb778": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb779": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb77a": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb77b": "", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "\"zip\" the mouth shut when the animal is not feeding, by forming intercellular connections with the opposite adhesive strip", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "large pharynx", "5a83894de60761001a2eb789": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78a": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78b": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78c": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78d": "", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "by undulating their bodies as well as by the beating of their comb-rows", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Velamen parallelum", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb793": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb794": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb795": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb796": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb797": "in the middle of opposite edges of the ribbon", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "a muscular \"foot\"", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a7": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a8": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a9": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7aa": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7ab": "", "572683075951b619008f7513": "via pores in the epidermis", "572683075951b619008f7514": "internal fertilization", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis", "572683075951b619008f7516": "in the parts of the internal canal network under the comb rows", "572683075951b619008f7517": "external", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7b9": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7ba": "brood chambers", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bb": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bc": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bd": "", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths", "572684365951b619008f7540": "among the plankton", "572684365951b619008f7541": "after dropping to the sea-floor", "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae", "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7cf": "", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d0": "", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d1": "adults", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d2": "plankton", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d3": "plankton", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "are disturbed", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "disturbed", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "Juveniles", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7d9": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7da": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7db": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dc": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dd": "", "5726887e708984140094c917": "predators", "5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish", "5726887e708984140094c919": "incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles", "5726887e708984140094c91a": "smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f1": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f2": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f3": "copepods", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f4": "rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f5": "", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "keta", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "other ctenophores", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "Red Sea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "ctenophores", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fb": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fc": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fd": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fe": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7ff": "", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "Mnemiopsis leidyi", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "via the ballast tanks of ships", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "late 1980s", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "significantly slowed the animal's metabolism", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb805": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb806": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb807": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb808": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb809": "", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "their soft, gelatinous bodies", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "a comb jelly", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "mid-Cambrian period", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "tentacles", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb81f": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb820": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb821": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb822": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb823": "", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million years", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "early Cambrian sessile frond-like", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "Vendobionta", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran period", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84b": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84c": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84d": "rows of cilia", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84e": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84f": "", "57269016708984140094ca41": "all other animals", "57269016708984140094ca42": "Porifera", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb855": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb856": "independently", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb857": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb858": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb859": "", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "beroids", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65.5 million years ago", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb85f": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb860": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb861": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb862": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb863": "", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "an ash leaf", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "\u02c8fr\u025bzno\u028a/ FREZ-noh", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cce": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9ccf": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd0": "Central Valley", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd1": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd2": "Sacramento", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "the convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "Central Pacific Railroad", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd8": "1872", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd9": "", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cda": "", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdb": "1872", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdc": "Millerton", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "2.7", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale", "5725d183271a42140099d240": "an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area Japanese Americans to internment camps", "5725d183271a42140099d241": "an assembly center", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce2": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce3": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce4": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce5": "Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno,", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce6": "North Fresno,", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "revolve a balance", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cec": "September", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9ced": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cee": "both", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cef": "1958", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cf0": "BankAmericard", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "the old country-western show at The Fresno Barn", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf6": "", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf7": "guitarist", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf8": "", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf9": "", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cfa": "", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Kearney Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d00": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d01": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d02": "Kearney Mansion", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d03": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d04": "southwest", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "Between the 1880s and World War II", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0a": "World War II", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0b": "Grand 1401", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0c": "(burned down", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0d": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0e": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Mall", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "near their current locations", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "wide sidewalks", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d14": "1964", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d15": "the only Pierre-Auguste Renoir piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d16": "Fulton Mall", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d17": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d18": "east", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "far southeast side", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "the 1950s", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "Sunnyside", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1e": "William P. Bell", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1f": "1950s", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d20": "Chestnut Avenue", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d21": "major thoroughfares", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d22": "Sunnyside", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "Tower Theatre", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "water tower", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "Fresno Normal School", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d28": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d29": "Olive and Wishon", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2a": "one-half", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2b": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2c": "", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "the late 1970s", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "second and third run movies", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d32": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d33": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d34": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d35": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d36": "neighborhood revival", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "live", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "a few hundred feet", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Tower District has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses. Today, the Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3c": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3d": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3e": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3f": "", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "California Bungalow and American Craftsman style homes", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "contrasts", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "recent decades", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d44": "Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d45": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d46": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d47": "north and east", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d48": "Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Fresno Traction Company", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4e": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4f": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d50": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d51": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d52": "", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "West Side", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da8": "41 freeway", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da9": "99 freeway", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9daa": "African-American", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dab": "", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dac": "", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "M. Theo Kearney", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "palm trees", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "Dogg Pound", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db2": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db3": "most", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db4": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db5": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db6": "", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "between the 1960s and 1990s", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "Fresno Chandler Executive Airport is also on the West Side", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "very little", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbc": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbd": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbe": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbf": "the stench", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dc0": "late 1990s", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "2,500", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22 miles", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April through October, 6am to 10pm and November through March", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc6": "1968", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc7": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc8": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc9": "2,500", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dca": "April through October", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park Airport", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "automobiles", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "there are now numerous", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd0": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd1": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd2": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd3": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd4": "", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "hot and dry", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "11.5 inches", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "northwest", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "December, January and February", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dda": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddb": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddc": "southeastern", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddd": "83.0 \u00b0F", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dde": "", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "115 \u00b0F", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "1885", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "2.2 inches", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "3.55 inches", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9dee": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9def": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df0": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df1": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df2": "", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "46.9%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8,525", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "30.0%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df8": "494,665", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df9": "8,525", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfa": "1.2%", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfb": "", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfc": "", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "19.3%", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.62", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.07", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e02": "", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e03": "3.62", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e04": "8.1%", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e05": "1,388", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e06": "", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8.4%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "about a third", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0c": "", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0d": "97,915", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0e": "39.9%", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0f": "about a third", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e10": "about a third", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "KSEE", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KGPE", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e16": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e17": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e18": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e19": "KMJ-TV", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e1a": "", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "the Sierra Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "Eisenhower Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "west", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e20": "north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e21": "Clovis and Huntington Lake", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e22": "State Route 180", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e23": "", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e24": "", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "SR 99", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "rapidly raising population and traffic in cities along SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2a": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2b": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2c": "population and traffic", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2d": "State Route 99", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2e": "", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad railroads", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "San Joaquin Valley Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e52": "", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e53": "The Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e54": "", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e55": "former Southern Pacific branchlines", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e56": "", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "coining the modern name packet switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "Donald Davies", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f8": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f9": "provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fa": "funded by the US Department of Defense", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fb": "", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fc": "development of telecommunications", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfc": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfd": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfe": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccff": "a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5a5645196349e2001acdcd00": "", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0b": "funded by the US Department of Defense", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0c": "funded by the US Department of Defense", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0d": "", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0e": "funded by the US Department of Defense", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0f": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2d": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2e": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2f": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c30": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c31": "development of telecommunications in the Bell System", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "circuit switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "fee per unit of connection time", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "circuit switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "by a fee per unit of information transmitted", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180c": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180d": "", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180e": "a fee per unit of information transmitted", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180f": "a fee per unit of connection time", "5a55068b134fea001a0e1810": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd06": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd07": "a constant bit rate", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd08": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd09": "fee per unit of information transmitted", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd0a": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d15": "packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d16": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d17": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d18": "no data is transferred", "5a667761846392001a1e1c37": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c38": "per unit of information transmitted", "5a667761846392001a1e1c39": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c3a": "a constant bit rate and latency between nodes", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "according to a multiple access scheme", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers)", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "according to a multiple access scheme", "5a5507df134fea001a0e181e": "Packet mode", "5a5507df134fea001a0e181f": "", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1820": "shared physical medium", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1821": "packet switches or routers", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1822": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd10": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd11": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd12": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd13": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd14": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1d": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1e": "may be forwarded according to some scheduling discipline", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1f": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d20": "guaranteed quality of service", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d21": "shared physical medium", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c49": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4a": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4b": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4c": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4d": "", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "by store and forward switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "a general architecture for a large-scale, distributed, survivable communications network", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "packets", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1828": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1829": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182a": "three", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182b": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182c": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1a": "Baran", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1b": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1c": "survivable communications networks", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1d": "store and forward switching", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1e": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd34": "distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd35": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd36": "RAND Corporation for the US Air Force", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd37": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd38": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c53": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c54": "by store and forward switching", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c55": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c56": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c57": "multiple paths between any two points", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "a nationwide network", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "suggested it for use in the ARPANET.", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies", "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "suggested it for use in the ARPANET.", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183a": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183c": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183d": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183e": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3e": "independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3f": "He gave a talk on the proposal in 1966", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd40": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd41": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd42": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c67": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c68": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c69": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6a": "a person from the Ministry of Defence (MoD)", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6b": "", "5726385e271a42140099d797": "each packet includes complete addressing information", "5726385e271a42140099d798": "The packets are routed individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers. It may also be labeled with the sequence number of the packet", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "At the destination, the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1844": "packets are routed individually", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1845": "Each packet is dispatched and may go via different routes", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1846": "The packets are routed individually", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1847": "At the destination", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1848": "a virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the end-user by a transport layer protocol", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd48": "sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd49": "based on the packet sequence number", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4a": "", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4c": "out-of-order", "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef8": "", "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef9": "individually", "5a668172f038b7001ab0befa": "", "5a668172f038b7001ab0befb": "addressing information", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "requires a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "The packets include a connection identifier rather than address information", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "The signaling protocols used", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "The packet header can be small, as it only needs to contain this code", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1856": "route to the destination is discovered and an entry is added to the switching table", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1857": "in order", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1858": "", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1859": "", "5a550c52134fea001a0e185a": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd52": "requires the node to look up the connection id in a table", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd53": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd54": "requires the node to look up the connection id in a table", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd55": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd56": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3c": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3d": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3e": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3f": "", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "connection-oriented operations", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "widely used at the UNI for packet switching networks during the 1980s and early 1990s", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "Internet Protocol (IP)", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187e": "connection-oriented operations", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187f": "data link layer", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1880": "", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1881": "X.25", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1882": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4e": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4f": "conventional HDLC-type link management procedures", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf50": "between nodes on a link, not end-to-end", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf51": "1980s and early 1990s", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf52": "", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "1969", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189c": "about twenty", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189d": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189e": "host interface", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189f": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e18a0": "division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6c": "", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6d": "sequenced delivery of data to the host", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6e": "X.25", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6f": "", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "AppleTalk was a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. in 1985 for Apple Macintosh computers", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "AppleTalk included features that allowed local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "plug-n-play", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18ae": "AppleTalk", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18af": "for Apple Macintosh computers", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b0": "The AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b1": "", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b2": "Apple devices through the 1980s and 90s", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf88": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf89": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8a": "plug-n-play", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8b": "", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "The CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "ARPANET architecture.", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c2": "CYCLADES packet switching network", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c3": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c4": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c5": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c6": "alternatives to the early ARPANET design", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa4": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa5": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa6": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa7": "", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "seven", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "open standards with published specifications", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cc": "", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cd": "", "5a551230134fea001a0e18ce": "", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cf": "network protocols", "5a551230134fea001a0e18d0": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfac": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfad": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfae": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfaf": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfb0": "", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "a data network based on this voice-phone network was designed to connect GE's four computer sales and service centers", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "They lost money from the beginning", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "that a time-sharing system, based on Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014which used a computer on loan from GE\u2014could be profitable", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d6": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d7": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d8": "a computer time-sharing service", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d9": "a data network", "5a551328134fea001a0e18da": "that a time-sharing system, based on Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014which used a computer on loan from GE\u2014could be profitable", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcb": "", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcc": "Dartmouth", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcd": "", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "to help the state's educational and economic development", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "connections to the CDC mainframe", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "TCP/IP and additional public universities in Michigan join the network", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e0": "State of Michigan and the National Science Foundation (NSF)", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e1": "University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State University in Detroit", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e2": "Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e3": "TCP/IP", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e4": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe6": "Michigan State University in East Lansing", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe7": "1966", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe8": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe9": "NSFNET project", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfea": "terminal to host connections, host to host batch connections", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "a means of making ARPANET technology public", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "Telenet was incorporated in 1973 and started operations in 1975. It went public in 1979 and was then sold to GTE", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ea": "Larry Roberts", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18eb": "", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ec": "Telenet", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ed": "went public", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ee": "incompatible with their future", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff0": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff1": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff2": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff3": "", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "an international data communications network", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "Users typically connected via dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "Users typically connected via dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "build their own dedicated networks", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "build their own dedicated networks. The private networks were often connected via gateways to the public network to reach locations not on the private network", "5a55167b134fea001a0e18fe": "virtual call packet switched technology", "5a55167b134fea001a0e18ff": "to reach locations not on the private network", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1900": "Another employee", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1901": "Users", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1902": "large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c002": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c003": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c004": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c005": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c006": "", "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two", "572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research", "572643de5951261400b5195c": "the interconnection of national X.25 networks", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191c": "DATAPAC and TRANSPAC", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191d": "DATAPAC clones", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191e": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191f": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e1920": "older host connection schemes", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c016": "to provide a X.25 host interface in addition to older host connection schemes", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c017": "Bell Canada (a common carrier) and Northern Telecom", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c018": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c019": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c01a": "interconnection of national X.25 networks", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "on-line betting, financial applications", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1944": "AUSTPAC", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1945": "AUSTPAC", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1946": "", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1947": "academic institutions", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1948": "on-line betting, financial applications", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c020": "", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c021": "remote terminal access to academic institutions", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c022": "", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c023": "", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "Datanet 1 was the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "use of the name was incorrect", "5a552252134fea001a0e1962": "", "5a552252134fea001a0e1963": "the public PAD service Telepad", "5a552252134fea001a0e1964": "", "5a552252134fea001a0e1965": "all these services were managed by the same people within one department", "5a552252134fea001a0e1966": "the same people within one department", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03c": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03d": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03e": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03f": "", "5726462b708984140094c117": "The Computer Science Network", "5726462b708984140094c118": "to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET", "5726462b708984140094c119": "The Computer Science Network", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1974": "the global Internet", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1975": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1976": "computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1977": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1978": "ARPANET", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c044": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c045": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c046": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c047": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c048": "", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "", "5a55242b134fea001a0e197e": "The Internet2 community", "5a55242b134fea001a0e197f": "", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1980": "Internet2 officially retired Abilene and now refers to its new, higher capacity network as the Internet2 Network", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1981": "", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1982": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04e": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04f": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c050": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c051": "National LambdaRail", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "advanced research and education networking", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "a major part of the Internet backbone", "5a552578134fea001a0e1990": "", "5a552578134fea001a0e1991": "", "5a552578134fea001a0e1992": "to link researchers to the nation's NSF-funded supercomputing centers", "5a552578134fea001a0e1993": "a major part of the Internet backbone", "5a552578134fea001a0e1994": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c056": "advanced research and education networking in the United States", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c057": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c058": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c059": "to link researchers to the nation's NSF-funded supercomputing centers", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "to provide high-speed interconnection between NSF-sponsored supercomputing centers and select access points", "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications", "572648d1708984140094c160": "", "572648d1708984140094c161": "OC-48c (2.5 Gbit/s) IP links", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19ba": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bb": "MCI Telecommunications", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bc": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bd": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19be": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05e": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05f": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c060": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c061": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c062": "", "57264684708984140094c123": "Central Asia", "57264684708984140094c124": "travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats", "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c126": "17th century", "57264684708984140094c127": "19th century", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d241f": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2420": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2421": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2422": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2423": "", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "commonly present", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338\u201339", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d2429": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242a": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242b": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242c": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242d": "", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Genoese traders", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Mongol", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "Kaffa in the Crimea", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "several existing conditions such as war, famine, and weather", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2433": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2434": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2435": "Genoese", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2436": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2437": "Jani Beg", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "northwest", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "Russia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany and Scandinavia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "1349", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243d": "June 1348", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243e": "", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243f": "", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2440": "", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2441": "", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures.", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn 1347", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "through the port's trade with Constantinople", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "the north", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2447": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2448": "the north", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2449": "1348\u201349", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244a": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244b": "", "57264a74708984140094c18b": "Gasquet", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "Gasquet", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "Scandinavia and then Germany", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2451": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2452": "1823", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2453": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2454": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2455": "", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "the heavens", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "king of France", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "the Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "the Miasma theory", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245b": "", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245c": "bad air", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245d": "", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245e": "", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "Yersinia pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "1894", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "Alexandre Yersin", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "The mechanism by which Y. pestis was usually transmitted", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "two populations of rodents", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2463": "1865", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2464": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2465": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2466": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2467": "Alexandre Yersin", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "rats and fleas", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Justinian plague", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246d": "", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246e": "", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246f": "bubonic plague", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d2470": "", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "38\u201341 \u00b0C", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "90 to 95 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "purple skin patches", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2477": "bright red", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2478": "100\u2013106 \u00b0F", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2479": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247a": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247b": "90 to 95 percent", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "October 2010", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "They assessed the presence of DNA/RNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "mass graves", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "ends the debate about the etiology of the Black Death, and unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2481": "2010", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2482": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2483": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2484": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2485": "", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "genetic branches", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "the plague may have entered Europe in two waves", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "1349", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248b": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248c": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248d": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248e": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248f": "", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "confirmed and amended", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "East Smithfield burial site in England", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "may no longer exist", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "October 2011", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2495": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2496": "Schuenemann et al.", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2497": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2498": "", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "that contemporary accounts were exaggerations", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d249f": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a0": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a1": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a2": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a3": "", "5726516a708984140094c223": "epidemiological account", "5726516a708984140094c224": "lack of reliable statistics from this period", "5726516a708984140094c225": "over 100%", "5726516a708984140094c226": "figures from the clergy", "5726516a708984140094c227": "between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24a9": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24aa": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ab": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ac": "", "57265285708984140094c25b": "the rat population was insufficient", "57265285708984140094c25c": "marginal significance", "57265285708984140094c25d": "temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas", "57265285708984140094c25e": "faster", "57265285708984140094c25f": "5 to 15 years", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b1": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b2": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b3": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b4": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b5": "", "5726534d708984140094c26d": "", "5726534d708984140094c26e": "thought it may have been a combination of anthrax and other pandemics", "5726534d708984140094c26f": "bubonic plague with other diseases, including typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections", "5726534d708984140094c270": "a type of \"blood poisoning\"", "5726534d708984140094c271": "25", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c5": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c6": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c7": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c8": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c9": "", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "about a third", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "Half", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "pre-planning and Christian burials", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "as much as 50%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "the most isolated areas", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24cf": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d0": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d1": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d2": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d3": "", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "14th to 17th centuries", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "the plague was present somewhere in Europe in every year", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24d9": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24da": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24db": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dc": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dd": "", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "propose a range of preincident population figures", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "end of 1350", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "as much as 10\u201315% of the population", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e3": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e4": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e5": "1498", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e6": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e7": "", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22 times", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "the Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ed": "40,000", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ee": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ef": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f0": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f1": "", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.7 million", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "about half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "half", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "Sweden v. Russia and allies", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f7": "Spain", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f8": "", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f9": "", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fa": "a third", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fb": "", "5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand", "5726577f708984140094c303": "until the second quarter of the 19th century", "5726577f708984140094c304": "two-thirds", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2501": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2502": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2503": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2504": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2505": "", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt (magma and/or lava)", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "magma", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "heat and pressure", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd66": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd67": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd68": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd69": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd6a": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce32": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce33": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce34": "weathered and eroded", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce35": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce36": "", "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading", "57265d08708984140094c398": "the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle", "57265d08708984140094c399": "asthenosphere", "57265d08708984140094c39a": "the convecting mantle", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "the 1960s", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd70": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd71": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd72": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd73": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd74": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3c": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3d": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3e": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3f": "In the 1960s", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce40": "", "57265f605951b619008f70db": "Mid-ocean ridges", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "San Andreas fault system", "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener", "57265f605951b619008f70df": "convecting", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd84": "resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd86": "divergent boundaries", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd87": "earthquakes", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd88": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4e": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4f": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce50": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce51": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce52": "", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "seismic", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "a crust and lithosphere", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 kilometers", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "the mantle below", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda2": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda3": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda4": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda5": "a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda6": "seismic discontinuities", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce61": "liquid", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce62": "", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce63": "", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "the Quaternary", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "Quaternary", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc8": "the most recent era", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc9": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdca": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcb": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcc": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce82": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce83": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce84": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce85": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce86": "", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "younger", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "the key bed", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde6": "Finding the key bed", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde7": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde8": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde9": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefdea": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea6": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea7": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea8": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea9": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15ceaa": "", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "principle of inclusions and components", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed8": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed9": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefeda": "picked up as magma or lava flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in the matrix", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedb": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedc": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cede": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cedf": "magma or lava flows", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee0": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee1": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee2": "", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "quite complex", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "organisms", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "Charles Darwin", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee2": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee3": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee4": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee5": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee6": "fossilization", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2e": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2f": "William Smith", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf30": "the uncertainties of fossilization, the localization of fossil types due to lateral changes in habitat", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf31": "organisms exist at the same time period throughout the world", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf32": "", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "beginning of the 20th century", "57266c015951b619008f7238": "stratigraphic", "57266c015951b619008f7239": "new absolute ages", "57266c015951b619008f723a": "one another", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "fossil sequences", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefc": "obtain accurate absolute dates", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefd": "understanding of geologic time.", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefe": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefeff": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeeff00": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf38": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf39": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3a": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3b": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3c": "", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "Thermochemical", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "closure temperature", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "radiometric isotopes", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers found within a stratigraphic sequence", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff06": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff07": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff08": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff09": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff0a": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf42": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf43": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf44": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf45": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf46": "", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "In the shallow crust", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "antiforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "synforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff10": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff11": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff12": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff13": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff14": "thrust faults", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4c": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4d": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4e": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4f": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf50": "synforms", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Maria Fold and Thrust Belt", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "normal faulting", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1a": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1b": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1c": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1d": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1e": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf56": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf57": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf58": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf59": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf5a": "", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "in areas that are being actively deformed", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic", "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault", "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational events", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff36": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff37": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff38": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff39": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff3a": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf60": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf61": "material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation to be eroded by hillslopes and channels", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf62": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf63": "volcanism", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf64": "", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "layered basaltic lava flows", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "sedimentary", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "northwestern Canada", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff46": "layered basaltic lava flows", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff47": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff48": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff49": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff4a": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6a": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6b": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6c": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6d": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6e": "", "572677e7708984140094c723": "the study of rocks", "572677e7708984140094c724": "the study of sedimentary layers", "572677e7708984140094c725": "the study of positions of rock units and their deformation", "572677e7708984140094c726": "soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff66": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff67": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff68": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff69": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff6a": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf74": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf75": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf76": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf77": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf78": "", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "identifying rocks", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "geochemical evolution of rock units", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "the laboratory", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff78": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff79": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7a": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7b": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7c": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7e": "geochemical evolution of rock units", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7f": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf80": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf81": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf82": "", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic processes", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff96": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff97": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff98": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff99": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff9a": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf88": "processes that occur within the Earth", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf89": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8a": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8b": "", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural geologists", "57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", "57267d52708984140094c7db": "plot and combine", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical experiments", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb8": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb9": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffba": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbb": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbc": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa4": "strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa5": "microscopic analysis", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa6": "strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa7": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa8": "", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "sand", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "Numerical models", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd0": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd1": "more sophisticated", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd2": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd3": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd4": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfae": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfaf": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb0": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb1": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb2": "", "57268066708984140094c821": "stratigraphers", "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical", "57268066708984140094c823": "well logs", "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", "57268066708984140094c825": "water, coal, and hydrocarbon", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe2": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe3": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe4": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe5": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe6": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc2": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc3": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc4": "computer programs", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc5": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc6": "", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffec": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffed": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffee": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffef": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeefff0": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcc": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcd": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfce": "past climate", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcf": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfd0": "", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", "572683f95951b619008f7527": "Shen Kuo", "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Ibn Sina", "572683f95951b619008f7529": "fossil animal shells", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff6": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff7": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff8": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff9": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefffa": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd6": "Persia", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd7": "polymath", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd8": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd9": "geology of India", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfda": "", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", "57268527708984140094c8c2": "the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0000": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0001": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0002": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0003": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0004": "in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfea": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfeb": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfec": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfed": "James Hutton", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfee": "", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "the American Philosophical Society", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000a": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000b": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000c": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000d": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000e": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff4": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff5": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff6": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff7": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff8": "", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Charles Darwin", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0014": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0015": "the doctrine of uniformitarianism", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0016": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0017": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0018": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cffe": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cfff": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d000": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d001": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d002": "", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "tobacco and patent medicines", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery or even poison", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "outdated or only approproriate", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "many other herbs", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a624": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a625": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a626": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a628": "", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "healthcare", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "optimal", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "drug treatment", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "small-business proprietors", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "medicines", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62e": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62f": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a630": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a631": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a632": "", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "other senior pharmacy technicians", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "regulates the practice of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care professional", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "manage the pharmacy department and specialised areas in pharmacy practice", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a638": "a pharmacist", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a639": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63a": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63b": "", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Diocles of Carystus", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "writing a five volume book in his native Greek", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "materia medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "middle eastern scientists", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a640": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a641": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a642": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a643": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a644": "", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "highly respected", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code (701) and re-stated in the Y\u014dr\u014d Code (718)", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "superior to all others in health-related fields", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "ranked above", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64a": "", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64b": "", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64c": "ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64d": "", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "botany and chemistry", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "Al-Muwaffaq", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a652": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a653": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a654": "Al-Muwaffaq", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a655": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a656": "", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "15th century", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Florence, Italy", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "a museum", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "old prescription books and antique drugs", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65c": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65d": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65e": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65f": "", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "compounding/dispensing medications", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "requirements for storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a664": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a665": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a666": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a667": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a668": "", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "pharmacy practice residency", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "various disciplines of pharmacy", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "patient compliance issues", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "clinical pharmacists", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66e": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66f": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a670": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a671": "", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "the premises of the hospital", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "high risk preparations and some other compounding functions", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "high cost of medications", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "stock a larger range of medications, including more specialized medications", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a676": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a677": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a678": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a679": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a67a": "", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care services that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "inside hospitals and clinics", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "physicians and other healthcare professionals", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "patient care rounds drug product selection", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "all health care settings", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a680": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a681": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a682": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a683": "", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "an evaluation of the appropriateness of the drug therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a688": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a689": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68a": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68b": "", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "full independent prescribing authority", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "North Carolina and New Mexico", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "2011", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a690": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a691": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a692": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a693": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a694": "", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "many elderly people are now taking numerous medications", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "provide consulting services", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69a": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69b": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69c": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69d": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69e": "", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "2000", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "online pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "if they are homebound", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the method by which the medications are requested and received", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a4": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a5": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a6": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a7": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a8": "", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "to avoid the \"inconvenience\" of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "those who feel that only doctors can reliably assess contraindications", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "potentially dangerous", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "sell prescription drugs", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6ae": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6af": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b0": "a valid prescription", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b1": "", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "it must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner acting in the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "to ensure that the prescription is valid", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "individual state laws", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b6": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b7": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b8": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b9": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6ba": "", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "to reduce consumer costs", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "international drug suppliers", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "legalize importation of medications from Canada", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c0": "", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c1": "", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c2": "consumers", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c3": "", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "pharmacy practice science and applied information science", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "major national and international patient information projects", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "medication management system development, deployment and optimization", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "quickly", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c8": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c9": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6ca": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6cb": "", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "specialty drugs", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "chronic and complex", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling,", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d0": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d1": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d2": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d3": "", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately from physicians", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "pharmacists", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "American Medical Association", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "7 to 10 percent", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "form business partnerships with physicians or give them \"kickback\" payments", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d8": "", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d9": "", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6db": "", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "rural areas in the United Kingdom", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "Austria", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "1.6 kilometres", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e0": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e1": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e2": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e3": "", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "high risk of a conflict of interest", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "financial self-interest", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "the checks and balances system", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "obtaining cost-effective medication", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "sell more medications to the patient", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e8": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e9": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ea": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6eb": "the checks and balances system of the U.S. and many other governments", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ec": "", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "become more integral within the health care system", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "integral within the health care system", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients. Such services include the thorough analysis of all medication", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "Medication Therapy Management (MTM)", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "increased patient health outcomes", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f2": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f3": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f4": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f5": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f6": "", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Alberta and British Columbia", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "Australian Government", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine use reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fc": "Alberta and British Columbia", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fd": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fe": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6ff": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a700": "", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "mortar and pestle and the \u211e (recipere) character,", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "The show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "the Netherlands", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany and Austria", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a706": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a707": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a708": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a709": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a70a": "", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", "57271c235951b619008f860c": "apartheid", "57271c235951b619008f860d": "the Singing Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Ukraine", "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "British occupation", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "the Singing Revolution", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec7": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec8": "independence from the British Empire", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec9": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425eca": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ecb": "Czechoslovakia", "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Oedipus", "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Creon", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8639": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Polynices", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "obey her conscience rather than human law.", "5a664314c2b11c001a425ed9": "", "5a664314c2b11c001a425eda": "Oedipus", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edb": "Creon", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edc": "trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edd": "obey her conscience", "5727213c708984140094da35": "", "5727213c708984140094da36": "nonviolent", "5727213c708984140094da37": "Henry David Thoreau", "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha", "5727213c708984140094da39": "campaign for a free India", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "unjust forms of authority of his time", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "nonviolent protest", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "Henry David Thoreau", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eeb": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eec": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eed": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eee": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eef": "", "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins", "572726c9708984140094da7c": "become utterly debased", "572726c9708984140094da7d": "debased", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "become utterly debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "become utterly debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f09": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0a": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0b": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0c": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0d": "", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "impossible", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "no more (or no less) meaning than the individual orator intends it to have", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "voluminous", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "semantical problems and grammatical niceties", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "nonviolent", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "violent", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1d": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1e": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1f": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f20": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f21": "", "57280f974b864d1900164370": "civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164371": "private citizen", "57280f974b864d1900164372": "relation to the state and its laws", "57280f974b864d1900164373": "", "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "private citizen", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab3": "two equally sovereign branches of government", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab4": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab5": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab6": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab7": "", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "imprisonment", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "Resign", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "elite politicians", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "individuals", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "Resign", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "government", "5a665142846392001a1e1abd": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1abe": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1abf": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1ac0": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1ac1": "", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "governmental entities", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "governmental", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac7": "Brownlee", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac8": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac9": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1aca": "breaches of law in protest", "5a665338846392001a1e1acb": "", "572818f54b864d190016446c": "", "572818f54b864d190016446d": "if it is necessary to disobey rules that conflict with morality", "572818f54b864d190016446e": "", "572818f54b864d190016446f": "Book of Exodus", "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah and Puah", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "publicly announced", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "rules that conflict with morality", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Book of Exodus", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad5": "lawbreaking", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad6": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad7": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad8": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad9": "", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "non-violent", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law Dictionary", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "rebellion", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "tolerance of civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "non-violence", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "civil rebellion", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "more destructive", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "society's tolerance", "5a665747846392001a1e1ae9": "Civil disobedients' refraining from violence", "5a665747846392001a1e1aea": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aeb": "carefully chosen and legitimate means", "5a665747846392001a1e1aec": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aed": "more destructive", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "Hungarians", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "to exert pressure to get one's political wishes", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "they are judged \"wrong\"", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "to render certain laws ineffective", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Gandhi", "5a665870846392001a1e1af3": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af4": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af5": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af6": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af7": "", "572822233acd2414000df555": "during the Roman Empire", "572822233acd2414000df556": "gathered in the streets", "572822233acd2414000df557": "not covered in any newspapers", "572822233acd2414000df558": "higher political office", "572822233acd2414000df559": "after the end of the Mexican War", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "during the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "to prevent the installation of pagan images", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "civil disobedience as a group collectively refuse to sign bail", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "after the end of the Mexican War", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0d": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0e": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0f": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b10": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b11": "", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal acts", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "propaganda", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Voice in the Wilderness", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "738 days", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "successfully preventing it from being cut down", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "illegal acts", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1d": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1e": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1f": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b20": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b21": "", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, \"Wise up or die.\"", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "\"Wise up or die.\"", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "forbidden", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "pure speech", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "Threatening government officials", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "Threatening government officials", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "engaging in the forbidden speech", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c0f": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c10": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c11": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c12": "FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c13": "Threatening government officials", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "for a system to function", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "limited coercion", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "coercive", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "refusals to pay taxes", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "make it more difficult for a system to function", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "to engage in moral dialogue", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf00": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf01": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf02": "padlocking the gates", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf03": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf04": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "a lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1e": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1f": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf20": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf21": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf22": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "validity of the social contract", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf44": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf45": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf46": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf47": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf48": "", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "submit to the punishment prescribed by law", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "Guilt implies wrong-doing", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf74": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf75": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf76": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf77": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf78": "", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "Committee for Non-Violent Action", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "The arrested persons were found \"guilty,\" nevertheless, and given suspended sentences", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "nolo contendere\"", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended sentences", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf90": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf91": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf92": "13", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf93": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf94": "", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "as a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "reminding their countrymen of injustice", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "the spirit of protest", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc0": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc1": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc2": "the neo-conservative insistence on a guilty plea", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc3": "spirit of protest", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc4": "", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "plea bargain", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "no jail time", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity tactics", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "civil", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdc": "plea bargain", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdd": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfde": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdf": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfe0": "", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "to avoid responsibility for her actions", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "lack of remorse, an attempt to avoid responsibility for her actions", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff8": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff9": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffa": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffb": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffc": "\"the ones who are violating the greater law are the members of the Navy\"", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "seek jury nullification", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c028": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c029": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02a": "win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02b": "not guilty", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02c": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "neither conscientious nor of social benefit", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "a person violates a law", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "avoiding attribution", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c068": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c069": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06a": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06b": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06c": "", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Indirect civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "direct civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Vietnam War", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "The necessity defense", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c072": "violating", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c073": "", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c074": "Fully Informed Jury Association activists", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c075": "", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c076": "given to the leafleter's own jury as evidence", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "achieving crime control", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "utilitarian grounds", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07c": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07d": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07e": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07f": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c080": "", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", "57273a465951b619008f8700": "manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine percent", "57273a465951b619008f8702": "planning,[citation needed] design, and financing", "57273a465951b619008f8703": "a known client", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76a": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76b": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76c": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76d": "planning,[citation needed] design, and financing", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0e": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0f": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c10": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c11": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c12": "", "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect", "57273cca708984140094db34": "a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db37": "Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa773": "", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa774": "", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa775": "megaprojects", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa776": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c20": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c21": "An architect", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c22": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c23": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c24": "", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential and non-residential", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "Infrastructure", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77b": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77c": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77d": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77e": "Industrial", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c32": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c33": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c34": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c35": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c36": "commercial/institutional", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "a trade magazine for the construction industry", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Engineering News-Record (ENR)", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa783": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa784": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa785": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa786": "by amount of work they are doing outside their home country", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa787": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c44": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c45": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c46": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c47": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c48": "", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "Standard Industrial Classification", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78d": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78e": "", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78f": "", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa790": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4e": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4f": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c50": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c51": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c52": "", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the owner of the property", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa795": "", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa796": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa797": "", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa798": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c76": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c77": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c78": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c79": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c7a": "design, financial, estimating", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations and codes of practice", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Materials readily available in the area", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "Cost of construction", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb2": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb3": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb4": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb5": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb6": "", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "20 hours", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres (6 ft 7 in)", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc4": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc5": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc6": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc7": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc8": "", "572745c6708984140094db99": "designs into reality", "572745c6708984140094db9a": "plan the physical proceedings", "572745c6708984140094db9b": "the property owner", "572745c6708984140094db9c": "quantity surveyor", "572745c6708984140094db9d": "the most cost efficient bidder", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cce": "", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623ccf": "design team", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd1": "the most cost efficient bidder", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd2": "", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "previously separated specialties", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "separate companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "\"one-stop shopping\"", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build\" contract", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd8": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd9": "experts from all related fields", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cda": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdb": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdc": "architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "design-build, partnering and construction management", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships with other necessary participants", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce2": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce3": "project structures", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce4": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce5": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce6": "many companies", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "when builders ask for too little money to complete the project", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Fraud", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cec": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623ced": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cee": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cef": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cf0": "", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "mortgage banker", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "identified change orders or project changes that increased costs", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf6": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf7": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf8": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf9": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cfa": "", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the owner", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "things that are a matter of custom or expectation", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d00": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d01": "the owner", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d02": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d03": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d04": "", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "a delay costs money", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "that each side is capable of performing the obligations set out", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0a": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0b": "delay costs money", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0c": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0d": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0e": "confusion and collapse", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d14": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d15": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d16": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d17": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d18": "relationship contracting", "572753335951b619008f8853": "the architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8854": "the architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8855": "the architect's client and the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8856": "the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8857": "until the building is ready to occupy", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033d": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033e": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033f": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a400340": "direct contractual", "5a25eae4c93d92001a400341": "direct contractual relationship", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "a consortium of several contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "they design phase 2", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400347": "", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400348": "a list of requirements for a project", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400349": "building the first phase of the project", "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034a": "a consortium of several contractors working together", "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034b": "the project is completely designed by the owner, then bid on, then completed", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "contractors", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "the municipal building inspector", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy permit", "5a25f133c93d92001a400351": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400352": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400353": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "5a25f133c93d92001a400354": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400355": "", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "10 employees", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035b": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035c": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035d": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035e": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035f": "", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a342,090", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a326,719", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "US/Canada", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400365": "\u00a342,090,", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400366": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400367": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400368": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400369": "more affluent roles are available", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", "572756fe708984140094dc72": "Falls", "572756fe708984140094dc73": "electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment", "5a25fa34c93d92001a40036f": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400370": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400371": "Proper safety equipment", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400372": "securing ladders and inspecting scaffolding", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400373": "electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic scholarship", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "by charging their students tuition", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "the right to select their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27a": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27b": "mandatory taxation through public (government)", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27c": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27d": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27e": "", "57274712708984140094dbad": "more than $45,000", "57274712708984140094dbae": "'tuition-free' schools", "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c296": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c297": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c298": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c299": "'tuition-free' schools", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c29a": "", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "prep schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "teachers", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a0": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a1": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a3": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a4": "", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Orthodox Christians", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "religious education", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2ba": "denominational schools", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bc": "", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bd": "", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2be": "", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "power of expulsion", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "a compulsory blazer", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "Private schools in Australia are always more expensive", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c4": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c5": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c6": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c7": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c8": "", "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Presbyterian Church", "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Catholic", "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "girls", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2ce": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2cf": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d0": "Campbelltown", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d1": "Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d2": "", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Article 7, Paragraph 4", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "a second Gleichschaltung", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ea": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2eb": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ec": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ed": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ee": "", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Sonderungsverbot", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Ersatzschulen", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "very low", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c306": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c307": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c308": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c309": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c30a": "", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "by charging their students tuition fees", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious groups", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c310": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c311": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c312": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c313": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c314": "", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "independent schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "CBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30 different Examination Boards", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "the union government", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31a": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31b": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31c": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31d": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31e": "", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "societies", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Annual Status of Education Report", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "evaluates learning levels in rural India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c344": "", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c345": "", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c346": "", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c347": "poorer academic achievement in government schools than in private schools", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c348": "corruption", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "unusual because a certain number of teacher's salaries are paid by the State", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "Society of Jesus", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000 per year", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34e": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34f": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c350": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c351": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c352": "", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "English", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "National Type schools", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "Over 60", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c364": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c365": "an uproar among the Chinese", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c366": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c367": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c368": "", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "fully funded by private parties", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "English", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Nepali", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c388": "middle-class", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c389": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38a": "neighbourhood nursery schools", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38b": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38c": "private parties", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "28,000", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "3.7%", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "Catholic", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "Auckland", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a2": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a3": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a4": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a5": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a6": "", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Anglican", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "Society of St Pius X", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c4": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c5": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c6": "Society of St Pius X", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c7": "Presbyterian", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c8": "", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "32%", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "80%", "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992", "5727500f708984140094dc01": "natural science", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3dc": "", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3de": "", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3df": "", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3e0": "", "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service Contracting scheme", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "Tuition Fee Supplement", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "Private Education Student Financial Assistance", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f4": "", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f5": "pursue college/technical education", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f6": "pursue college/technical education", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f7": "Education Service Contracting scheme", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f8": "", "5727515f708984140094dc11": "South African Schools Act of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": "independent", "5727515f708984140094dc14": "traditional private schools", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "early nineteenth century", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3fe": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3ff": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c400": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c401": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c402": "", "57275409708984140094dc35": "government schools formerly reserved for white children", "57275409708984140094dc36": "better", "57275409708984140094dc37": "much higher", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43a": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43b": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43c": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43d": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43e": "", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "Over 10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "nearly 10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "700", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "The Knowledge School", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "innovative school voucher model", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c444": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c445": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c446": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c447": "Swedish system", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c448": "", "572756265951b619008f886d": "13", "572756265951b619008f886e": "public schools", "572756265951b619008f886f": "9", "572756265951b619008f8870": "13", "572756265951b619008f8871": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48a": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48b": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48c": "A-level", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48d": "independent schools are single-sex", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48e": "\u00a327,000+", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "segregation academies", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "South", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "white", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "African-American", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a738": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a739": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73a": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73b": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73c": "African-American", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "endowments", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Blaine Amendments", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter status", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74c": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74d": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74e": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74f": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a750": "", "572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts", "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852", "572759665951b619008f8885": "1972", "572759665951b619008f8886": "268 U.S. 510", "572759665951b619008f8887": "", "5a67e29c8476ee001a58a756": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a757": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a758": "states may set standards for educational accomplishment", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a759": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a75a": "", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "$50,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "fundraising drives", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a760": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a761": "throughout the country, indeed the globe", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a762": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a763": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a764": "", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "the Association of American Universities", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "Charles W. 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Eliot", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb1": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb2": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb3": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb4": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb5": "62", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Boston", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37.6 billion", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Charles River", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa7": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa8": "eleven", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa9": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334faa": "Allston neighborhood of Boston", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fab": "", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "Harvard Corporation", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", "5a81f84e31013a001a335007": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a335008": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a335009": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a33500a": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a33500b": "", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "the English university model", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "It was never affiliated with any particular denomination", "5a82001531013a001a3350a1": "Puritan ministers", "5a82001531013a001a3350a2": "", "5a82001531013a001a3350a3": "", "5a82001531013a001a3350a4": "clergymen", "5a82001531013a001a3350a5": "Congregational and Unitarian churches", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1804", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b5": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b6": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b7": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b8": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b9": "", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", "5a8203d431013a001a3350bf": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c0": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c1": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c2": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c3": "", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. 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Weeks Bridge", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "Longwood Medical and Academic Area", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516b": "John W. Weeks Bridge", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516c": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516d": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516e": "8.5", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516f": "Harvard Medical School", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "fifty percent", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "enhanced transit infrastructure, possible shuttles open to the public, and park space which will also be publicly accessible", "5a8221dc31013a001a33522f": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335230": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335231": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335232": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335233": "transit", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1858", "5a82237d31013a001a335243": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335244": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335245": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335246": "7,200 undergraduates and 14,000", "5a82237d31013a001a335247": "", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "30%", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "Allston Science Complex", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$4.093 million", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$159 million", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524d": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524e": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524f": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a335250": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a335251": "", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "in the late 1980s", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Duke Kent-Brown", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", "5a8225de31013a001a335261": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335262": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335263": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335264": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335265": "", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2016", "5a82294a31013a001a335271": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335272": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335273": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335274": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335275": "", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "eight", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "its reliance on teaching fellows", "5a822bc531013a001a335281": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335282": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335283": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335284": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335285": "", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "semester calendar beginning in early September and ending in mid-May", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four-course rate average", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "summa cum laude", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "60% in 2005", "5a822dc931013a001a335295": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335296": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335297": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335298": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335299": "", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "$414 million", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88%", "5a82325231013a001a3352b9": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352ba": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352bb": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352bc": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352bd": "", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "Pusey Library", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d7": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d8": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d9": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352da": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352db": "", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art from the Middle Ages to the present", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology", "5a82370631013a001a3352e1": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e2": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e3": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e4": "19th-century", "5a82370631013a001a3352e5": "", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "From a poll done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is the second most commonly named \"dream college\", both for students and parents in 2013", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f5": "2003", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f6": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f7": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f8": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f9": "", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "every two years", "5a823a7731013a001a335309": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530a": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530b": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530c": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530d": "", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1906", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Yale", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532d": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532e": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532f": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a335330": "captain", "5a823e6f31013a001a335331": "", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "The Malkin Athletic Center", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three", "5a8241e631013a001a335361": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335362": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335363": "five", "5a8241e631013a001a335364": "two", "5a8241e631013a001a335365": "Olympic-size", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "Thames River", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", "5a82432131013a001a33536b": "Connecticut", "5a82432131013a001a33536c": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536d": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536e": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536f": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "Ban Ki-moon", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "", "5a82458131013a001a335387": "", "5a82458131013a001a335388": "", "5a82458131013a001a335389": "", "5a82458131013a001a33538a": "", "5a82458131013a001a33538b": "", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "Conan O'Brien", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois", "5a8251c231013a001a3353ef": "", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f0": "Matt Damon", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f1": "Jeremy Lin", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f2": "", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f3": "", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Shing-Tung Yau", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1cf": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d0": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d1": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d2": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d3": "Robert Putnam", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "12th", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fa": "", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fb": "Duval County", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fc": "1968", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fd": "Jacksonville", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fe": "Jacksonville", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "St. Johns River", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "340 miles", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Timucua", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714605": "", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714606": "1564", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714607": "", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714608": "", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "third largest", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "golf", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "two", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460e": "", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460f": "two", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714610": "Jacksonvillians", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714611": "Port of Jacksonville", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714612": "", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "a University of North Florida team", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "Saturiwa", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "historical era", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714618": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714619": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461a": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461b": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461c": "", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "Jean Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "fort San Mateo", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "Fort Caroline", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714622": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714623": "near present-day Jacksonville", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714624": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714625": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714626": "1964", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "the French and Indian War", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "constructed the King's Road", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "cattle were brought across the river there", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Britain ceded control of the territory back to Spain", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "February 9, 1832", "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462d": "", "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462e": "", "5a1c8092b4fb5d0018714630": "", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "Confederate", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "Skirmish of the Brick Church", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "Battle of Olustee", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "Warfare and the long occupation", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "1864", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714636": "", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714637": "", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714638": "Battle of Olustee", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714639": "The Skirmish of the Brick Church", "5a1c836ab4fb5d001871463a": "", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "the Gilded Age", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "extension of the Florida East Coast Railway", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "by railroad", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464a": "", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464b": "", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464c": "yellow fever outbreaks", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464d": "", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464e": "Florida East Coast Railway", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "Spanish moss at a nearby mattress factory was quickly engulfed in flames", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "over 2,000", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "declare martial law", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "Great Fire of 1901", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714654": "", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714655": "May 3, 1901", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714656": "", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714657": "\"Great Fire of 1901", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714658": "", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "New York\u2013based filmmakers", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "the emergence of Hollywood as a major film production center", "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714668": "", "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714669": "Hollywood", "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466a": "a major film production center", "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466b": "Norman Studios", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "55.1%", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "white flight", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "Mayor W. Haydon Burns", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714670": "", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714671": "", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714672": "55.1%", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714673": "", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714674": "\"white flight\"", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "Much of the city's tax base dissipated", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "annexing outlying communities", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "Voters outside the city limits", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467a": "", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467b": "", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467c": "", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467d": "", "57281d494b864d19001644be": "through the traditional old boy network", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "all 15 of Duval County's public high schools lost their accreditation", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714682": "through the traditional old boy network", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714683": "11", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714684": "", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714685": "", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714686": "", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "voters approved the plan", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "City of Jacksonville", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "The Better Jacksonville Plan, promoted as a blueprint for Jacksonville's future and approved by Jacksonville voters in 2000, authorized a half-penny sales tax", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "a half-penny sales tax", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714696": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714697": "City of Jacksonville", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714698": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714699": "Bold New City of the South", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "874.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "St. Johns River", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "Trout River", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "13.34%", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a0": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a1": "Trout River", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a2": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a3": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a4": "Baldwin", "572821274b864d1900164510": "tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline", "572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164512": "617 ft", "572821274b864d1900164513": "42", "572821274b864d1900164514": "its distinctive flared base", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146aa": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ac": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ad": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ae": "42", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical climate", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "May through September", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "mild and sunny", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b4": "", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b5": "mild and sunny", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b6": "", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b7": "", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "104 \u00b0F", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "thunderstorms", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "extremely high humidity", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "July", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bc": "104 \u00b0F", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bd": "", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146be": "", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bf": "", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Hurricane Dora", "572824f13acd2414000df590": "110 mph", "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Tropical Storm Beryl", "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Saffir-Simpson", "572824f13acd2414000df593": "2008", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c4": "hurricanes", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c5": "", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c6": "Hurricane Dora", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c7": "", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c8": "", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab", "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", "572826634b864d19001645c0": "largest Filipino American community", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Filipino community", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146ce": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146cf": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d0": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d1": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d2": "", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "29.7%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "23.9%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "females", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d8": "2010", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d9": "10.9%", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146da": "", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146db": "", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146dc": "43.8%", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "40%", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "the bottom 50% of the world's population, or about 3.5 billion people", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "methodology used", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "methodology used", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40%", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "financial assets", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "nearly $41 trillion", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "more than half", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "greater tendency to take on debts", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a4": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a5": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a6": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a7": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a8": "", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "top 400", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "the New York Times", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "Inherited wealth", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a \"substantial head start", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "richest 1 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Institute for Policy Studies", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d6": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d7": "the New York Times", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d8": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d9": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289da": "", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "differences in value added", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "inequality is a reflection of the productivity gap", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "value added", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "productivity gap", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a06": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a07": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a08": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a09": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a0a": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "increasing unemployment", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "relatively stagnant wages", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "to reduce costs and maximize profits", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "Marxian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "productivity of each worker", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "stagnant", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3c": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3d": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3e": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3f": "stagnant wages", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a40": "", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "the law of supply and demand", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "business is chronically understaffed.", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "offering a higher wage the best of their labor", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "unfair", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "the market", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "prices", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "markets", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "high levels of inequality", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad2": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad3": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad4": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad5": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad6": "", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "Competition amongst employers", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "low demand) will result in a low wage", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "high wages", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "a low wage for that job", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "competition between workers", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af6": "competition between workers", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af7": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af8": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af9": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428afa": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "entrepreneurship rates at the individual level", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "\"push\" motivations", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "opportunity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "achievement-oriented motivations", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "redistributive while the latter is expected to foster technological progress and thus have a more positive", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b22": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b23": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b24": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b25": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b26": "", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "progressive tax", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "the top tax rate", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "progressive tax system", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "the tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "Gini index", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b42": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b43": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b44": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b45": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b46": "", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "education", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "", "5729e1101d04691400779641": "variation in individuals' access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages", "5729e1101d04691400779643": "much lower", "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "education", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5c": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5d": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5e": "high wages", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5f": "the poor", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b60": "", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "increasing access to education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "$105 billion", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "boom-and-bust cycles", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "2014", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "2008-2009 recession", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b82": "increasing access to education", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b83": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b84": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b85": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b86": "", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "an increase in skilled workers, which led to a decrease in the price of skilled labor", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "decrease in the price of skilled labor", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "decrease in wages", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "decrease in the price of skilled labor", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "gender inequality in education can result to low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bee": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bef": "decreased inequality", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf0": "decreased inequality", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf1": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf2": "", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "continental European countries", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "Anglo-American liberal policies", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "little support for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "economic inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "CEPR", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "little", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "lower level", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3a": "", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3b": "continental European", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3c": "", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3d": "", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3e": "", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "technological changes and globalization", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "technological changes and globalization", "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", "5729e4291d04691400779652": "University of Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779653": "decline of organized labor", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "high", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c74": "Scandinavia", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c75": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c76": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c77": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c78": "", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "increased wages", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "technological innovation", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "global", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "low-skilled workers in the poor countries", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "trade liberalisation", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "minor", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "machine labor", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c92": "increased wages", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c93": "technological innovation", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c94": "", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c95": "", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53%", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "-40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "there is still a difference in earnings between women and men", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender pay gap", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "women", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "once other factors are accounted for", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de4": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de5": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de6": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de7": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de8": "", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare programs", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "As a country develops, it acquires more capital", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "social welfare programs", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "levels of economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "more wealth and income", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df8": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df9": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfa": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfb": "As a country develops, it acquires more capital", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfc": "", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "after the 1970s", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "very weak", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "income inequality will eventually decrease", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "the move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e26": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e27": "1910 to 1940", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e28": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e29": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e2a": "", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "Wealth concentration", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "those who already hold wealth have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "larger fortunes", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "those who already hold wealth", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "higher returns", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e30": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e31": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e32": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e33": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e34": "", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare and desired skills", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e52": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e53": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e54": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e55": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e56": "", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "human capital is neglected", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "inequality", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "-.620", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9a": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9b": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9c": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9d": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9e": "", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "negative", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "unemployment", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec6": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec7": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec8": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec9": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428eca": "economic", "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "higher", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "lower", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "inequality", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed8": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed9": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428eda": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edb": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edc": "", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "better health and longer lives", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "among poorer countries", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4c": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4d": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4e": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4f": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f50": "", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "nine", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "countries with bigger income inequalities", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "greater equality", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f72": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f73": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f74": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f75": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f76": "", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "over fifty", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "tenfold", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8c": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8d": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8e": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8f": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f90": "", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "the greatest good", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "basic necessities like food, water, and healthcare", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "decreases", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "higher aggregate utility", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fd8": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fd9": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fda": "less utility", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fdb": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fdc": "", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "consumption, rather than income", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "libertarian", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas B. Edsall", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "journalist", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429036": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429037": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429038": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429039": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a42903a": "", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "systematic economic inequalities", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "the Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "unsustainable monetary stimulation", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429062": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429063": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429064": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429065": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429066": "", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality in wealth and income", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "declines", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "The poor and the middle class", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429092": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429093": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429094": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429095": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429096": "", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "economists", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "subsequent long-run economic growth", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "it is a waste of resources", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality-associated effects", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c0": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c1": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c2": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c3": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c4": "", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "by limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "increasing importance of human capital in development", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "widespread education", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e4": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e5": "prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e6": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e7": "increasing importance of human capital in development", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993", "572a11663f37b31900478694": "long lasting detrimental effect", "572a11663f37b31900478695": "the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", "572a11663f37b31900478696": "", "572a11663f37b31900478697": "politically and socially unstable", "5ad26367d7d075001a4290fe": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a4290ff": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a429100": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a429101": "human capital formation", "5ad26367d7d075001a429102": "", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "growth and investment", "572a12381d0469140077972d": "reduce growth", "572a12381d0469140077972e": "encourage growth", "572a12381d0469140077972f": "between 1960 and 2000", "5ad26420d7d075001a429134": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429135": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429136": "encourage growth", "5ad26420d7d075001a429137": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429138": "", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "the Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973c": "increases", "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist", "572a13841d0469140077973f": "wars and \"violent economic and political shocks", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429156": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429157": "decreases", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429158": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429159": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a42915a": "", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "the 1970s", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "risen with increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "more equality in the income distribution", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917c": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917d": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917e": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917f": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a429180": "", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "special efforts", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "the existing level of inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "nearly 60 years to achieve the same reduction", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "United Nations", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "reducing poverty", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291a8": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291a9": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291aa": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291ab": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291ac": "", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "land and housing", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "through various associations and other arrangements", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "extra-legal ownership", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "200", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "government land", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c6": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c7": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c8": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c9": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291ca": "", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "affordable housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "quality rental units", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "demand for higher quality housing increased", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "gentrification of older neighbourhoods", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "ad valorem property tax policy", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f4": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f5": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f6": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f7": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f8": "", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "by everyone", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "their finances", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspirational consumption", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "taking on debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "greater inequality and potential economic instability", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429210": "", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429211": "", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429212": "", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429213": "", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429214": "", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "the more waste and pollution", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "multiplier", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "population levels would start to drop to a sustainable level", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429246": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429247": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429248": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429249": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a42924a": "", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "wage or salary", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "income differentials", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429262": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429263": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429264": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429265": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429266": "", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "force", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "when they improve society as a whole", "5ad268b2d7d075001a429288": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a429289": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928a": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928b": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928c": "", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "capability deprivation", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "the end itself", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "to \u201cwid[en] people\u2019s choices and the level of their achieved well-being", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "through increasing functionings", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "the ability to pursue valued goals", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b0": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b1": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b2": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b3": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b4": "", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "they are in some way deprived of earning as much income", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "earn as much as a healthy young man", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "for fear of their lives", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "a better relevant income", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cc": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cd": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292ce": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cf": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292d0": "a better relevant income", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "private research university", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e96": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e97": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e98": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e99": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e9a": "", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "various academic disciplines", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "beneath the university's Stagg Field", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "University of Chicago Press", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb2": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb3": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb4": "Stagg Field", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb5": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb6": "", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "John D. Rockefeller", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1891", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7a": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7b": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7c": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7d": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7e": "", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "John D. Rockefeller", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. 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Booth", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511c": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511d": "2008", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511e": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511f": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a685120": "", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Main Quadrangles", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six quadrangles", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Cobb, Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, Holabird & Roche", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen Tower", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Christ Church Hall", "5acf8b1177cf76001a68518e": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a68518f": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a685190": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a685191": "", "57284d484b864d1900164900": "1940s", "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", "57284d484b864d1900164902": "the university's School of Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164903": "Harris School of Public Policy Studies", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b2": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b3": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b4": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b5": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b6": "", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "the Seine", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "2010", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Renmin University", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bc": "Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bd": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851be": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bf": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851c0": "", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "a board of trustees", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "fourteen", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Andrew Alper", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f6": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f7": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f8": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f9": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851fa": "", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The Higher Learning Commission", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "four", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "seven", "5acf900177cf76001a68527e": "", "5acf900177cf76001a68527f": "", "5acf900177cf76001a685280": "", "5acf900177cf76001a685281": "", "5acf900177cf76001a685282": "", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "50", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "28", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "five", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "New Collegiate Division. The first four are sections within their corresponding graduate divisions, while the New Collegiate Division", "5acf941b77cf76001a68532e": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a68532f": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a685330": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a685331": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a685332": "", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "the Common Core", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17 students", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "rigorous, intense", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "the Common Core", "5acf974277cf76001a6853a8": "a distribution of courses", "5acf974277cf76001a6853a9": "", "5acf974277cf76001a6853aa": "", "5acf974277cf76001a6853ab": "15 courses and demonstrated proficiency in a foreign language", "5acf974277cf76001a6853ac": "", "572855973acd2414000df925": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df927": "four", "572855973acd2414000df928": "", "572855973acd2414000df929": "University of Chicago campus", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c6": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c7": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c8": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c9": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853ca": "", "572856beff5b5019007da190": "six", "572856beff5b5019007da191": "9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", "572856beff5b5019007da194": "more than 1.3 million", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853ee": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853ef": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853f0": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853f1": "", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "12", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Oriental Institute", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "Sunspot, New Mexico", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541c": "12", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541d": "113", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541e": "", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541f": "", "5acf9a5277cf76001a685420": "Chicago", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "shaping ideas about the free market", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "Miller\u2013Urey experiment", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685440": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685441": "1947", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685442": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685443": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685444": "", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "2000", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "1996", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "2002", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several thousand", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547a": "", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547b": "", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547c": "art history", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547d": "\u201cdramatic, music, and visual arts", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547e": "2012", "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468", "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,984", "572863363acd2414000df988": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df989": "international students", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685512": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685513": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685514": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685515": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685516": "", "572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic Association", "572864542ca10214002da2df": "Division III", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939 and dropped football", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685556": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685557": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685558": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685559": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a68555a": "", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "400", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Recognized Student Organizations", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "University of Chicago College Bowl Team", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Doc Films", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "Off-Off Campus", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685582": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685583": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685584": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685585": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685586": "", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "graduate and undergraduate students elected to represent members from their respective academic 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"", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855f9": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fa": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fb": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fc": "", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Satya Nadella", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "James O. McKinsey", "5acfa23577cf76001a68562e": "", "5acfa23577cf76001a68562f": "Satya Nadella", "5acfa23577cf76001a685630": "Thomas S. Ricketts", "5acfa23577cf76001a685631": "Adam Silver", "5acfa23577cf76001a685632": "", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Masaaki Shirakawa", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685666": "", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685667": "Robert Bork", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685668": "", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685669": "", "5acfa29c77cf76001a68566a": "", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Lauren Oliver", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Philip Roth", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "Allan Bloom", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "Studs Terkel", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonnegut", "5acfa31377cf76001a685682": "Saul Bellow", "5acfa31377cf76001a685683": "Allan Bloom", "5acfa31377cf76001a685684": "", "5acfa31377cf76001a685685": "", "5acfa31377cf76001a685686": "", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Alex Seropian", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Ed Asner", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Mike Nichols", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f4": "", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f5": "Ed Asner", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f6": "Carl Van Vechten", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f7": "Mike Nichols", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan, a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life, and Edwin Hubble", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "John M. Grunsfeld", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Clair Cameron Patterson", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572c": "Richard Hamming", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572d": "", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572e": "John B. Goodenough", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572f": "John B. Goodenough", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Margaret Thatcher", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576c": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576d": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576e": "Eugene Fama", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576f": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a685770": "", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "David Graeber and Donald Johanson", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Samuel P. Huntington", "5acfa93777cf76001a685780": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685781": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685782": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685783": "Samuel P. Huntington", "5acfa93777cf76001a685784": "", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "A. A. Michelson", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Arthur H. Compton", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Enrico Fermi", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Edward Teller", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857a8": "", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857a9": "", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857aa": "Robert A. Millikan", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857ab": "", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857ac": "", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James Henry Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Alberto Calder\u00f3n", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Ted Fujita", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Glenn T. Seaborg", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d0": "Saul Bellow", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d1": "", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d2": "", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d3": "James Henry Breasted, mathematician Alberto Calder\u00f3n,", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d4": "Allan Bloom", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Goldman Sachs", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Raghuram Rajan", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer and Robert Pape", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857f8": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857f9": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fa": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fb": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fc": "Hank Paulson", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "the Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc93": "", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc94": "Great Yuan", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc95": "1368", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc96": "", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc97": "", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "Song dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Ming", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcaf": "Mongol Empire", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb0": "Song dynasty", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb1": "Song dynasty", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb2": "Genghis Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "1271", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "Commentaries on the Classic of Changes", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "Mongol dynasty", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Great Yuan Great Mongol State", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Great Khan", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb7": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb8": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb9": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcba": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcbb": "", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Mongol and Turkic tribes", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "his nephew", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcef": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf0": "1234", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf1": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf2": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf3": "", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "the Jin", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Xiao Zhala", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Shi Tianze", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000 troops", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "3", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0b": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0c": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0d": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0e": "10,000 troops", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0f": "", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Han Chinese", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Bingzhi", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Song dynasty", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2d": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2e": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2f": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd30": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd31": "", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "his brother, Ariq B\u00f6ke", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongtong", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd45": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd46": "southern China", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd47": "", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd48": "Chinese subjects", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd49": "", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "in the south", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "Wonjong", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "western frontier", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5d": "Ogedei", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5e": "", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5f": "Kaidu", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd60": "western frontier", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd61": "", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "preserving Mongol interests in China and satisfying the demands of his Chinese subjects", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "salt and iron", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "local administrative structure of past Chinese dynasties", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "three, later four,", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "Han Chinese", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd69": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6a": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6b": "local administrative structure", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6c": "three, later four,", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6d": "Han Chinese", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd73": "Karakorum", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd74": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd75": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd76": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd77": "", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "Daidu", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd83": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd84": "Yuan China", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd85": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd86": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd87": "Marco Polo", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "the Song Emperor", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duancao", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9b": "Kong Duancao", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9c": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9d": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9e": "Kong Zhu", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "between 1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "Yangzi River basin", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "drowned", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbb": "", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbc": "between 1268 and 1273", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbd": "Yangzi River basin", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbe": "Hangzhou", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbf": "", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "after 1279", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "typhoon", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Vietnam \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "1288", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdcf": "Wars and construction projects had drained the Mongol treasury", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd0": "", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd1": "Vietnam \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd2": "", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "his eldest son, Zhenjin", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Emperor Chengzong", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "from 1294 to 1307", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde7": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde8": "his eldest son, Zhenjin", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde9": "1285", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdea": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdeb": "1307", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Department of State Affairs", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe05": "Buyantu Khan", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe06": "actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe07": "", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe08": "", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe09": "", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe19": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1a": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1b": "Baiju", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1c": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1d": "", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "Shangdu", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "the War of the Two Capitals", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "El Tem\u00fcr", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Ragibagh", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2d": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2e": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2f": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe30": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe31": "Ragibagh", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "his cultural contribution", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Jingshi Dadian", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Buddhism", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4b": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4c": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4d": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4e": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4f": "", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13-year-old", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "nine", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Liao, Jin, and Song dynasties", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe5f": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe60": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe61": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe62": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe63": "", "572872822ca10214002da374": "struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace", "572872822ca10214002da375": "too Chinese", "572872822ca10214002da376": "the army and the populace", "572872822ca10214002da377": "Outlaws", "572872822ca10214002da378": "administration", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe73": "struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe74": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe75": "the army and the populace", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe76": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe77": "administration", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "late 1340s onwards", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "the Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "fear of betrayal", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "Red Turban rebels", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368\u20131644", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7d": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7e": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7f": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe80": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe81": "1644", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "communications between Yuan dynasty and its ally and subordinate in Persia, the Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "communications between Yuan dynasty and its ally and subordinate in Persia, the Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "the Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe8f": "", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe90": "", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe91": "the Ilkhanate", "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western", "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Taoism", "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian", "572879574b864d1900164a18": "travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe95": "", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe96": "", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe97": "Taoism", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe98": "Confucian", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe99": "", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "the Travels of Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "contact with Persian traders", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffea9": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeaa": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeab": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeac": "", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365.2425 days of the year", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "granaries were ordered built", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "Beijing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebb": "", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebc": "365.2425 days of the year", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebd": "granaries were ordered built", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebe": "", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebf": "", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "Eternal Heaven", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "the Song dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "foreign domination", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffed9": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffeda": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedb": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedc": "the Ming dynasty", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "traditional Chinese tripartite", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3ffeff": "", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff00": "", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff01": "", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff02": "", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "Privy Council", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "since the Sui and Tang dynasties", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Mongols and Semuren", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "Ministry of War", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff0f": "Privy Council", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff10": "", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff11": "", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff12": "", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "generally converse well", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tugh Temur", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "Emperor Wenzong", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2b": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2c": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2d": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2e": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2f": "", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "from the harvests of their Chinese tenants", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff45": "", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff46": "", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff47": "", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "painting, poetry, and calligraphy", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Song dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "qu", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "zaju", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff5f": "vernacular Chinese", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff60": "painting, poetry, and calligraphy", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff61": "", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff62": "", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "the western khanates", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan)", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff79": "western khanates", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7a": "", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7b": "Tibetan Buddhism", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7d": "Sakya", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "modern matrices", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8b": "1249\u20131314", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8c": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8d": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8e": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8f": "", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "applied mathematics", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "a cubic interpolation formula", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "the Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffa9": "", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffaa": "cubic interpolation formula", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffab": "Shoushi Li", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffac": "Calendar for Fixing the Seasons", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffad": "", "572881022ca10214002da416": "non-Mongol physicians", "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal", "572881022ca10214002da418": "", "572881022ca10214002da419": "Imperial Academy of Medicine", "572881022ca10214002da41a": "it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc7": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc8": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc9": "herbal", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffca": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffcb": "", "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four", "572881704b864d1900164a51": "inherited from the Jin dynasty", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "to other parts of the empire", "572881704b864d1900164a53": "acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1347", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffdf": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe0": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe1": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe2": "", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "Jesus the Interpreter", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "its humoral system", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "yin-yang and wuxing", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffb": "Muslim medicine", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffc": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffd": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffe": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3fffff": "yin-yang and wuxing", "572882242ca10214002da420": "Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries", "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen", "572882242ca10214002da422": "the 12th century", "572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400005": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400006": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400007": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400008": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400009": "", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "the chao", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "bark of mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1294", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400035": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400036": "bark of mulberry trees", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400037": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400038": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400039": "", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "patrimonial feudalism", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "\"colonial\"", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a400049": "", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004a": "", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004b": "various allied groups", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004c": "", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Central Asian Muslims", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Bukhara", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "a Qara-Khitay", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400065": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400066": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400067": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400068": "", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "restricting Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices like circumcision, as well as Kosher butchering for Jews", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "Kosher butchering", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "Muslims in the semu class", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400087": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400088": "Kosher butchering", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400089": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008a": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008b": "Muslims in the semu class", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "not an indication of their actual social power and wealth", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "rich and well socially standing", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "less rich Mongol and Semu than there were Mongol and Semu who lived in poverty and were ill treated", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400091": "Frederick W. Mote", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400092": "not an indication of their actual social power and wealth", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400093": "rich and well socially standing", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400094": "less rich", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Northern", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Southern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "because southern China", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b5": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b6": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b7": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b8": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b9": "", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "Uighurs", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "the Korean King", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000c9": "the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000ca": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cb": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cc": "", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "Central Region", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "the Central Secretariat (or Zhongshu Sheng)", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Khanbaliq", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d1": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d2": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d3": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d4": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d5": "", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "neuroimmune system", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "blood\u2013brain barrier", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "neuroimmune system", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9a": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9b": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9c": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9d": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9e": "", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e24": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e25": "immunosuppressive medication", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e26": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e27": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e28": "", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "microorganisms", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e42": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e43": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e44": "Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e45": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e46": "", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated, in the form of an immunological memory", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "physical barriers", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e60": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e61": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e62": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e63": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e64": "", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "specific immune receptors", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268eca": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecb": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecc": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecd": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ece": "", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "innate immune system", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microorganisms", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "non-specific", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee8": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee9": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eea": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eeb": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eec": "", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing and sneezing", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d64": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d65": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d66": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d67": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d68": "", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "\u03b2-defensins", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d78": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d79": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7a": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7b": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7c": "", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "fungi", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "cultures of the lactobacilli", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbc": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbd": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbe": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbf": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dc0": "", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "increased blood flow into tissue", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc6": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc7": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc8": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc9": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dca": "", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "phagolysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "acquiring nutrients", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b6": "", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b7": "", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b8": "an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b9": "", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0ba": "", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0de": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0df": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e0": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e1": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e2": "", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes (white blood cells)", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive immune system", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a098": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a099": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09a": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09b": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09c": "", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "T cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a110": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a111": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a112": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a113": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a114": "", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC I", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIR)", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a148": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a149": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14a": "they express intact self MHC antigens", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14b": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14c": "", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "pathogens", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a178": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a179": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17a": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17b": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17c": "", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "killer T cell and the helper T cell", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC molecules", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class II MHC molecules", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a0": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a1": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a2": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a3": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a4": "", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "T cell receptor (TCR)", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c6": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c7": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c8": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c9": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1ca": "", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "Lck", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40 ligand", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f8": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f9": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fa": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fb": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fc": "", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "T cell receptor", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "receptor diversity", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "V\u03b39/V\u03b42 T cells", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a232": "", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a233": "", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a234": "", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a235": "", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "B cell", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a260": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a261": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a262": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a263": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a264": "", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "long-lived memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "adaptive", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "pathogen", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c6": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c7": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c8": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c9": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2ca": "", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "Breast milk or colostrum", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "passive immunity", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f4": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f5": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f6": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f7": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f8": "", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "both adaptive and innate", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "immunosuppressive", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ac": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ad": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ae": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5af": "testosterone", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5b0": "", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "sleep", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a626": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a627": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a628": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a629": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a62a": "", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "progressive decline in hormone levels", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin D", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "some hormones", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a608": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a609": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60a": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60b": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60c": "", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "MHC class I", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "antibodies", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a586": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a587": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a588": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a589": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a58a": "", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "Pathogen-associated molecular patterns", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "RNA silencing", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a560": "lack", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a561": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a562": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a563": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a564": "", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune disorders", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "self and non-self", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "thymus and bone marrow", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "\"self\" peptides", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a434": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a435": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a436": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a437": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a438": "", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "young and the elderly", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "obesity, alcoholism, and drug use", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a380": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a381": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a382": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a383": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a384": "", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen from a pathogen", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "specificity", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a344": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a345": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a346": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a347": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a348": "", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "type III secretion system", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "shut down host defenses", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77e": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77f": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a780": "type III secretion system, they may insert a hollow tube into the host cell", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a781": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a782": "", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens, an allograft", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "histocompatibility", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a702": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a703": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a704": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a705": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a706": "", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "cytotoxic or immunosuppressive", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b8": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b9": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6ba": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bb": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bc": "", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical production", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a668": "", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a669": "", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66a": "cortisol and catecholamines", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66b": "counteract free radical production", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66c": "", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "vitamin D receptor", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "symbiotic", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f4": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f5": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f6": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f7": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f8": "CYP27B1", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "phagocytic", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "Ribonucleases", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f4": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f5": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f6": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f7": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f8": "", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "lamprey and hagfish", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs)", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "the adaptive immune system", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a298": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a299": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29a": "lamprey and hagfish", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29b": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29c": "", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "restriction modification system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "viral", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "acquired immunity", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d8": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d9": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4da": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4db": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4dc": "", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "\"cellular\" and \"humoral\"", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Robert Koch and Emil von Behring", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "soluble components (molecules)", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e8": "", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e9": "", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6ea": "", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6eb": "soluble components", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "TGF-\u03b2", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a598": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a599": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59a": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59b": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59c": "the immune system no longer attacks the tumor cells", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "four", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "Type I", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "IgE", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "Type II hypersensitivity", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a8": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a9": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4aa": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ab": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ac": "", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "protein A", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f0": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f1": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f2": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f3": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f4": "", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "Trypanosoma brucei", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "antigens", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80e": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80f": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a810": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a811": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a812": "", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "human papillomavirus", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "melanomas", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanomas", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a572": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a573": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a574": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a575": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a576": "", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": ">500 Da", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophilic", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "Immunoproteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B cells", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "immunoinformatics", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a758": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a759": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75a": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75b": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75c": "", "572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", "572a12386aef051400155235": "APCs", "572a12386aef051400155236": "Th1/Th2", "572a12386aef051400155237": "Th1", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64c": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64d": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64e": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64f": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a650": "", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "bacteriophage", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "acquired) immunity", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd4": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd5": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd6": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd7": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd8": "", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "catalytic", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "by disrupting their plasma membrane", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a010": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a011": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a012": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a013": "their protease activity", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a014": "", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "United Nations", "57293b843f37b31900478134": "the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", "57293b843f37b31900478137": "43/53", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024af": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b0": "World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b1": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b2": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b3": "", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "February 2015", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024b9": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024ba": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bb": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bc": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bd": "", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350", "57293c246aef051400154bba": "Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations may be allowed to attend as observers", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "seven-eighths", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c3": "Non Governmental and Intergovernmental", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c4": "Plenary sessions", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c5": "", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c6": "", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c7": "", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024cd": "IPCC Trust Fund", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024ce": "", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024cf": "", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024d0": "the WMO, by UNEP, and by IPCC Members", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024d1": "", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "published sources", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "non-peer-reviewed sources", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "grey literature", "5a3e307f378766001a0024d7": "IPCC", "5a3e307f378766001a0024d8": "", "5a3e307f378766001a0024d9": "authors should give priority to peer-reviewed sources", "5a3e307f378766001a0024da": "", "5a3e307f378766001a0024db": "", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "two", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "ten to fifteen", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "The coordinating lead authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "Working Group chairs", "5a3e488b378766001a00253b": "", "5a3e488b378766001a00253c": "two", "5a3e488b378766001a00253d": "", "5a3e488b378766001a00253e": "authors", "5a3e488b378766001a00253f": "", "57293e221d046914007791d5": "substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations", "57293e221d046914007791d6": "additional warming of the Earth's surface", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "over half", "57293e221d046914007791d8": "", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e1": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e2": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e3": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e4": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e5": "not likely for a decade or more", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "2001", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Science", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "90%", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C", "5a3e3614378766001a0024eb": "", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ec": "Royal Society", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ed": "Science", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ee": "", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ef": "", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "co-chair of TAR WGI", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f5": "", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f6": "", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f7": "Richard Lindzen", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f8": "", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f9": "the SPM", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "follows the same procedures", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "Both Special Reports were requested by governments.", "5a3e3907378766001a0024ff": "", "5a3e3907378766001a002500": "", "5a3e3907378766001a002501": "2011", "5a3e3907378766001a002502": "Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN)", "5a3e3907378766001a002503": "Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN)", "572940246aef051400154bec": "Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", "572940246aef051400154bed": "default emission factors", "572940246aef051400154bee": "fuel consumption, industrial production and so on.", "572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive Council and UNEP", "5a3e3aa9378766001a002509": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250a": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250b": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250c": "The IPCC", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250d": "default emission factors", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "the date", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "misquoted its own source, an ICSI report", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "", "5a3e495c378766001a002545": "the conclusion in the final summary was robust", "5a3e495c378766001a002547": "", "5a3e495c378766001a002548": "", "5a3e495c378766001a002549": "", "572941273f37b319004781ad": "Former IPCC chairman", "572941273f37b319004781ae": "making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact", "572941273f37b319004781af": "a climate expert", "572941273f37b319004781b0": "climate change is more serious by overstating the impact", "572941273f37b319004781b1": "generally unfounded and also marginal to the assessment", "5a3e3de4378766001a002513": "Former IPCC chairman Robert Watson", "5a3e3de4378766001a002514": "The IPCC", "5a3e3de4378766001a002515": "", "5a3e3de4378766001a002516": "Himalayan glaciers", "5a3e3de4378766001a002517": "", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph\"", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251d": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251e": "1999", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251f": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a002520": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a002521": "", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "18 July 2000", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation", "5a3e42de378766001a002527": "between 1000 and 1900", "5a3e42de378766001a002528": "", "5a3e42de378766001a002529": "", "5a3e42de378766001a00252a": "", "5a3e42de378766001a00252b": "", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23 June 2005", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert", "5a3e44ea378766001a002531": "Ed Whitfield", "5a3e44ea378766001a002532": "Mann, Bradley and Hughes", "5a3e44ea378766001a002533": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002534": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002535": "", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2001", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "14", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten of these 14 reconstructions", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "divergence problem", "5a3e582e378766001a00259f": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a0": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a1": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a2": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a3": "", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "", "572945b11d04691400779230": "", "572945b11d04691400779231": "the actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range", "572945b11d04691400779232": "the actual sea level rise was above the top of the range of the IPCC projection.", "5a3e5697378766001a002595": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002596": "six years", "5a3e5697378766001a002597": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002598": "IPCC's 2001 projection", "5a3e5697378766001a002599": "", "572949306aef051400154c68": "projected rises in sea levels", "572949306aef051400154c69": "9\u201388 cm", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", "5a3e4a34378766001a00254f": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "5a3e4a34378766001a002550": "0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm] above 1990 levels. These values are much greater than the 9\u201388 cm", "5a3e4a34378766001a002551": "", "5a3e4a34378766001a002552": "", "5a3e4a34378766001a002553": "", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "coordinating lead author", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Science Magazine", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "concurring, smaller assessments of special problems", "5a3e4c01378766001a002559": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255a": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255b": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255c": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255d": "", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "Montreal Protocol", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "states and governments", "5a3e4e57378766001a002563": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002564": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002565": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002566": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002567": "", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "Sheldon Ungar", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "varying regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution of emission reductions", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "UK government", "5a3e5014378766001a002577": "Sheldon Ungar", "5a3e5014378766001a002578": "", "5a3e5014378766001a002579": "", "5a3e5014378766001a00257a": "", "5a3e5014378766001a00257b": "", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "IPCC", "5a3e51b6378766001a002581": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002582": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002584": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002585": "assessment report", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "Nature", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "turning the whole climate science assessment process into a moderated \"living\" Wikipedia-IPCC", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "remove government oversight from its processes", "5a3e539a378766001a00258b": "February 2010", "5a3e539a378766001a00258c": "Nature", "5a3e539a378766001a00258d": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258e": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258f": "", "57296d571d04691400779413": "", "57296d571d04691400779414": "composite number", "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57296d571d04691400779416": "primes", "57296d571d04691400779417": "because one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2d": "", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2e": "composite number", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2f": "a product of primes", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f30": "", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f31": "because one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618 decimal digits", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a494": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a495": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a496": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a497": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test, which is fast but has a small probability of error, and the AKS primality test", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a498": "22,338,618 decimal digits", "572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely many", "572970c11d04691400779464": "Euclid", "572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical", "572970c11d04691400779466": "prime number theorem", "572970c11d04691400779467": "end of the 19th century", "5a8913713b2508001a72a49e": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a49f": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a0": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a1": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a2": "", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "Goldbach's conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "the twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "prime elements and prime ideals", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a8": "Goldbach's conjecture", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a9": "twin prime conjecture", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4aa": "algebraic", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ab": "public-key cryptography", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ac": "the twin prime conjecture", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "2", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "9", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "even numbers", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b2": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b3": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b4": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b5": "9", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b6": "", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Christian Goldbach listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006,721", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bc": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bd": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4be": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bf": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4c0": "", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "the sieve of Eratosthenes", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "1 were considered a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "the sum of divisors function", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "the sum of divisors function", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "only the single number 1", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c6": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c7": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c8": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c9": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4ca": "", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind papyrus", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "Ancient Greeks", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d7": "a simple method to compute primes", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d0": "Rhind papyrus", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d1": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d2": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d3": "Euclid", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d4": "", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "the form 22n + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "up to n = 4 (or 216 + 1)", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "2p \u2212 1", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4da": "1640", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4db": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dc": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dd": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4de": "", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "if a complete list of primes up to is known", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "the square root of n", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three divisions are necessary", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e4": "trial division", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e5": "if a complete list of primes up to is known", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e6": "the square root of n", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e7": "", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e8": "three divisions are necessary", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "two", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "Monte Carlo\")", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "deterministic algorithms", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "1/(1-p)n", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ee": "two", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ef": "Monte Carlo\")", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f0": "deterministic", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f1": "", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f2": "", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "the Carmichael numbers", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "the Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "Solovay-Strassen tests", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f8": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f9": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fa": "composite numbers (the Carmichael numbers", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fb": "the Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fc": "Solovay-Strassen tests", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1 with p prime", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "of the form 2p \u2212 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "The Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes", "5a8930573b2508001a72a502": "", "5a8930573b2508001a72a503": "", "5a8930573b2508001a72a504": "The Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", "5a8930573b2508001a72a505": "Sophie Germain primes", "5a8930573b2508001a72a506": "", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "US$100,000", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The Electronic Frontier Foundation", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1]", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50c": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50d": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50e": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50f": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a510": "[256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1]", "572985011d04691400779501": "the floor function", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779503": "for any natural number n > 3", "572985011d04691400779504": "with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson's theorem", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a516": "", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a517": "Chebyshev", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a518": "", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a519": "", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a51a": "Wilson's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1/6", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "at most one prime number", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "infinitely many prime numbers", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a520": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a521": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a522": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a523": "at most one prime number", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a524": "the numbers are \"wrapped around\" as soon as a multiple of 9", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "finite value", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "diverges", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "exceeds any given number", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "algebraic number theory", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52a": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52b": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52c": "diverges", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52d": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52e": "", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "s = \u22122, \u22124, ...", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "asymptotic distribution", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic distribution", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a534": "", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a535": "", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a536": "random noise", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a537": "asymptotic", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a538": "asymptotic", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "As of February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "Vinogradov's theorem", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Chen's theorem", "5a893a003b2508001a72a53e": "", "5a893a003b2508001a72a53f": "", "5a893a003b2508001a72a540": "", "5a893a003b2508001a72a541": "", "5a893a003b2508001a72a542": "Chen's theorem", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "twin prime conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "pairs of primes with difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac's conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "n2 + 1", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a548": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a549": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54a": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54b": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54c": "Brocard's conjecture", "57299326af94a219006aa515": "number theory", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "pseudorandom number generators", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a552": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a553": "G. H. Hardy", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a554": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a555": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a556": "", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "recurring decimal", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "p \u2212 1 or a divisor of p \u2212 1", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "(p \u2212 1)! + 1", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "(n \u2212 1)!", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in base q (rather than base 10) has similar effect, provided that p is not a prime factor of q", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55c": "recurring decimal", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55d": "", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55e": "(p \u2212 1)! + 1", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55f": "(n \u2212 1)!", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a560": "fraction 1/p", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "1024", "5a8942233b2508001a72a566": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a567": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a568": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a569": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a56a": "1024", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "cicadas", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "underground", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "17", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "2%", "5a8943753b2508001a72a570": "cicadas", "5a8943753b2508001a72a571": "underground", "5a8943753b2508001a72a572": "17", "5a8943753b2508001a72a573": "prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult", "5a8943753b2508001a72a574": "2%", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "the smallest subfield", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "it cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "Any knot can be uniquely expressed as a connected sum of prime knots", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "that any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57a": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57b": "the prime field is the smallest subfield", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57c": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57d": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57e": "", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "commutative ring R", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "prime elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "irreducible elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "given x and y in R such that p divides the product xy, then p divides x or y.", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "if it is not a unit and cannot be written as a product of two ring elements that are not units.", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a584": "commutative ring R", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a585": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a586": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a587": "given x and y in R such that p divides the product xy, then p divides x or y.", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a588": "", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "Gaussian integers Z[i]", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "arbitrary integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "Gaussian primes", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58e": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58f": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a590": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a591": "arbitrary integers", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a592": "", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime ideals", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "algebraic", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "Noetherian", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a598": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a599": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59a": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59b": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59c": "", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "the ring of integers", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "solvability of quadratic equations", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a2": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a3": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a4": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a5": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a6": "", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "gets smaller", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "local) fields", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "the absolute value", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "local-global principle", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ac": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ad": "local) fields", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ae": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5af": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5b0": "", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "the third", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "movements of nature", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b6": "Olivier Messiaen", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b7": "", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b8": "", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b9": "", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5ba": "", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "the North Sea", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "Danube", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "1,230 km (760 mi)", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "in the southeastern Swiss Alps", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "Netherlands", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "1,230 km (760 mi)", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f12": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f13": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f14": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f15": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f16": "", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Rhin", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "*R\u012bnaz", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "1st century BC", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "Rhin", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "*R\u012bnaz", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "Rijn", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Rh", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dc": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dd": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290de": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290df": "", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "\"Rhine-kilometers", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km)", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "canalisation projects", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "\"Rhine-kilometers", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km)", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429160": "0 km", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429161": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429162": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429163": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429164": "", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "nearly 86 km", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Sargans", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Liechtenstein", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "near Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "nearly 86 km", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d8": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d9": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291da": "Sargans", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291db": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291dc": "", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "the Alter Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "a modern canalized section", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "Isel", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "a modern canalized section", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "the Alter Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927e": "The mouth of the Rhine", "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927f": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429280": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429281": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429282": "", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "near Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Fu\u00dfach", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "near Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "continuous input of sediment", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429320": "Fu\u00dfach", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429321": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429322": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429323": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429324": "", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Lake Rhine", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "lower lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "the Alps", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "near the Alps", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c0": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c1": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c2": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c3": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c4": "three", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "greater density of cold water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "Upper Lake", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "the entire length of the lake", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "Lindau", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "Rhine Gutter", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "the water level", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942c": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942d": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942e": "Rhine water", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942f": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a429430": "", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "generally westward", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "river Aare", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s)", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "generally westward", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "river Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s)", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "German", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d4": "river Aare", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d5": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d6": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d7": "Lake Constance", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d8": "", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Basel", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "the Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "about 300 km", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40 km", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Basel", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "North", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "the High Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "the Central Bridge", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429504": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429505": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429506": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429507": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429508": "", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "The rate of flow was increased", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "the ground water level fell significantly", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "large compensation pools", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "Upper Rhine", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "The rate of flow was increased", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "the ground water level fell significantly", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "5ad278add7d075001a429572": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429573": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429574": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429575": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429576": "", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "The Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3/s", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "Moselle", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400 m (1,300 ft)", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "France", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s)", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962a": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962b": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962c": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962d": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962e": "", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "the Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Rhine Gorge", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "erosion", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "the Romantic Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "the Middle Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "the Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "many castles and vineyards", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "the Romantic Rhine", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bc": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bd": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296be": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bf": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296c0": "", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "industry", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Lower Rhine", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "The Ruhr", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "drinking water", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "a major source of water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Lower Rhine", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "The Ruhr", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429752": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429753": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429754": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429755": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429756": "", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "the Middle Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Lorelei", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b8": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b9": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297ba": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bb": "Lorelei", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bc": "", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Wesel-Datteln Canal", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "the Lippe", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "the Emmerich Rhine Bridge", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400 m", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "Lower Rhine", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "the Rhine-Ruhr region", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisport", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "the Emmerich Rhine Bridge", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "400 m", "5ad28253d7d075001a429832": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429833": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429834": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429835": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429836": "", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "the Meuse", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "the Meuse", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429892": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429893": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429894": "the North Sea", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429895": "", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "Pannerdens Kanaal", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "the Lek", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "Wijk bij Duurstede", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "Pannerdens Kanaal", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "Nederrijn", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "the Lek", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Wijk bij Duurstede", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f6": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f7": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f8": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f9": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298fa": "", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "draining the surrounding land and polders", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Oude Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Oude Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "Oude Rijn (\"Old Rhine", "5ad28861d7d075001a42993e": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a42993f": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429940": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429941": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429942": "", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "near Millingen aan de Rijn", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a6": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a7": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a8": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a9": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299aa": "the Scheldt", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Nederrijn", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "three", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Waal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "the Rip", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Old Meuse", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0e": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0f": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a10": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a11": "", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421 to 1904", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a50": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a51": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a52": "1421", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a53": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a54": "", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels for the numerous polders", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "The construction of Delta Works", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "the second half of the 20th Century", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9e": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9f": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa0": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa1": "", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "could tear huge areas of land into the sea", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Zaltbommel", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad4": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad5": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad6": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad7": "", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic Period", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Mediterranean geography", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Iberia", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afa": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afb": "Triassic", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afc": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afd": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afe": "", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "N\u2013S rift system", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "Upper Rhine Graben", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "Miocene", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2a": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2b": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2c": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2d": "", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "Vosges Mountains", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5e": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5f": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b60": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b61": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b62": "", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "the Ice Ages", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m (390 ft)", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "northwest", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "offshore of Brest, France", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bca": "11,600 years ago", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcb": "", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcc": "", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcd": "", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "~74,000", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP)", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "west", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "120 m", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "The English Channel", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c12": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c13": "29,000\u201324,000 BP", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c14": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c15": "120 m", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c16": "120 m (390 ft) lower", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "A tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "ice-sheets", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c72": "a glacier", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c73": "", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c74": "", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c75": "", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "the Rhine", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "about 13,000 BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "By 9000 BP", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc8": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc9": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cca": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429ccb": "", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "Rates of sea-level rise", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "the last 7000 years", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "due to ongoing tectonic subsidence", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5a": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5b": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5c": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5d": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5e": "", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "~11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "~8,000 years ago", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcc": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcd": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dce": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcf": "", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "Roman times onward", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "sediment load", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "flooding and sedimentation", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "approximately 80", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century AD", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e02": "~3000 yr BP", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e03": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e04": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e05": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e06": "", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "the North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "to the North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "IJsselmeer", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "a freshwater lake", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "three", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e28": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e29": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2a": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2b": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2c": "", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1a": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1b": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1c": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1d": "8.727", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "until the empire fell", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "The upper Rhine and upper Danube are easily crossed", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "eastwards", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f68": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f69": "Frankfurt", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6a": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6b": "after AD 70", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6c": "", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "whether a state or threat of war existed", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "army of Germania Inferior", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "oppidum Ubiorum", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "\"town of the Ubii\"", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa4": "", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa5": "AD 14", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa6": "two legions", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa7": "Galatian", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa8": "Valeria", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "Migration period", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "kingdoms of Francia", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "dragons rock", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff2": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff3": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff4": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff5": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff6": "", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "6th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "the 10th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a022": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a023": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a024": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a025": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a026": "", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "the Peace of Westphalia", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Establishing \"natural borders\"", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806 and lasted until 1814", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a040": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a041": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a042": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a043": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a044": "", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "end of World War I", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "the German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "helping Adolf Hitler's rise to power", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a064": "", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a065": "", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a066": "", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a067": "", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Arnhem", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "Ludendorff Bridge", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Seven Days to the River Rhine", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a080": "World War II", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a081": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a082": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a083": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a084": "", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "a typographical error", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0ae": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0af": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b0": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b1": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b2": "", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "the Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "the areas in which it can make laws", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Westminster", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0c": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0d": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0e": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0f": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b10": "", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "lack of a Parliament of Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three hundred years", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "the outbreak of the First World War", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "the late 1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "a directly elected Scottish Assembly", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3e": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3f": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b40": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b41": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b42": "", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b90": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b91": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b92": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b93": "", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "failed", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba2": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba3": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba4": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba5": "", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "a Scottish Parliament", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "the Conservative Party", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "blueprint for devolution", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc8": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc9": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bca": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bcb": "", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "Holyrood area of Edinburgh", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf-shaped", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be4": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be5": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be6": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be7": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be8": "", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "the courtyard adjoining the Assembly Hall", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "the meeting of the Church's General Assembly", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Glasgow", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "University of Aberdeen", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0c": "", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0d": "Official", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0e": "", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0f": "", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "Lothian Regional Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "demolished", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square, High Street and George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "main hall", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c28": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c29": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2a": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2b": "", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "one MSP", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Tricia Marwick", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret ballot", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "129", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "A vote clerk", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5e": "deputies", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5f": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c60": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c61": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c62": "", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "the Presiding Officer", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five or more", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "The Presiding Officer", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca2": "Parliamentary Bureau", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca3": "", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca4": "", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca5": "", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "a hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "to encourage consensus amongst elected members", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "2", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "vote", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce2": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce3": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce4": "debating chamber", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce5": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce6": "", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass case suspended from the lid", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1e": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1f": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d20": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d21": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d22": "", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "in the debating chamber", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "free", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "the Official Report", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d44": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d45": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d46": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d47": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d48": "", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesdays", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "up to four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "the Presiding Officer", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "nominate speakers", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d72": "", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d73": "", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d74": "", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d75": "", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "who speaks in chamber debates and the amount of time for which they are allowed to speak", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "different viewpoints and political parties", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d98": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d99": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9a": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9b": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9c": "", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "vote", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "by means of electronic consoles on their desks", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbe": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbf": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc0": "Decision Time", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc1": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc2": "", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "The outcome of most votes", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "MSPs, known as whips", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "can be deselected as official party candidates during future elections, and, in serious cases, may be expelled from their parties outright", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "moral issues", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd2": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd3": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd4": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd5": "", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Immediately after Decision Time", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "not be accorded official parliamentary time", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "other members", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "winds up", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dea": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686deb": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dec": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686ded": "Members Business", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "in committee", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "stronger", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "there is no revising chamber", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e04": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e05": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e06": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e07": "", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "a small number of MSPs", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "the balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "their functions", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4e": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4f": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e50": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e51": "", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "at the beginning of each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one (or more", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Subject Committees", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5e": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5f": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e60": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e61": "", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e88": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e89": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8a": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8b": "", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "devolved competencies", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "the Parliament", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e98": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e99": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9a": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9b": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9c": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "up to 3 pence in the pound", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "2012 Act", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb4": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb5": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb6": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb7": "", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Westminster", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "Westminster", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec4": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec5": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec6": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec7": "", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "a private member", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "an outside proposer", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "in a number of stages", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed4": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed5": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed6": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed7": "", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "introductory", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "Explanatory Notes", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "in the relevant committee or committees", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage 2", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edc": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edd": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686ede": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edf": "", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "two parts", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "a final vote", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "wrecking amendments", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "Decision Time", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee4": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee5": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee6": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee7": "", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Monarch", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week period", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "a conventional enacting formula", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eec": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eed": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eee": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eef": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686ef0": "", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "a First Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any member", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "elected MSPs", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef6": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef7": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef8": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef9": "", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "first Thursday", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "May", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "Presiding Officer", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "they supplant it", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f04": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f05": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f06": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f07": "", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "leaders of the opposition parties and other MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme for the forthcoming year", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "substance of the statement", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0c": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0d": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0e": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0f": "", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "Thursday", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "issues under their jurisdiction", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1c": "\"General Question Time", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1d": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1e": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1f": "Opposition leaders", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "129", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2e": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2f": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f30": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f31": "a by-election", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt method", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "quotient", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "constituency seats", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "iteratively", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f36": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f37": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f38": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f39": "", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "a number of qualifications", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "18", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f48": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f49": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4a": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4b": "", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "the first time in the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151 votes", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "eight", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f50": "", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f51": "", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f52": "", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f53": "", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "Conservatives", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f60": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f61": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f62": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f63": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f64": "", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "procedural", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "the West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6a": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6b": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6c": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6d": "", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "all spheres", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "two poles", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution or invasion", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686390": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686391": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686392": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686393": "", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic process", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Palestine", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "abolish the state of Israel", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "democracy", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "religious", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ac": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ad": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ae": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863af": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863b0": "", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democracy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "to maintain their legitimacy", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863be": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863bf": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c0": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c1": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c2": "", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "political", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "religion from politics", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c8": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c9": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863ca": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cb": "illiberal Islamic regimes", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cc": "", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamism, not [just] Islam", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "between 1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "quietist/non-political Islam", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d2": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d3": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d4": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d5": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d6": "", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "the 1970s", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "experience, ideology, and weapons", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e6": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e7": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e9": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863ea": "", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "making peace", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "making peace with Israel \u2013 released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support in his struggle against leftists", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f0": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f1": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f2": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f3": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f4": "released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "strict, conservative", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "hate them", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "wars", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation", "5acfe84677cf76001a686404": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686405": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686406": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686407": "infidels", "5acfe84677cf76001a686408": "", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing assistance", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands, legal assistance, sports facilities, and women's groups", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric", "5acfe89777cf76001a68640e": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a68640f": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686410": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686411": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686412": "", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Indian National Congress", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686422": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686423": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686424": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686425": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686426": "", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd out", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "nationalist differences", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "Pakistan movement", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686436": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686437": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686438": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686439": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a68643a": "", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "writing", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "modern context", "5acfe95877cf76001a686440": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686441": "journalism", "5acfe95877cf76001a686442": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686443": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686444": "", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Islamic revolution", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "da'wah", "5acfe99177cf76001a686454": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686455": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686456": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686457": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686458": "", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Ismailiyah, Egypt", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Hassan al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "the Qur'an", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist", "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645e": "", "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645f": "", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", "5acfea0677cf76001a686462": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686463": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686464": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686465": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686466": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "one of the most influential", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi", "5acfea4977cf76001a686476": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a686477": "semi-legal", "5acfea4977cf76001a686478": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a686479": "75", "5acfea4977cf76001a68647a": "", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "quick and decisive", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "pivotal event", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "A steep and steady decline", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648a": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648b": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648c": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648d": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648e": "popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "ideological", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "somewhere between", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Prophet Mohammad", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "conspiracy against Islam", "5acfeae177cf76001a68649e": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a68649f": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a0": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a1": "", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "economic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist groups", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b0": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b1": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b2": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b3": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b4": "", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Islamic rebellion", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864ba": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bb": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bc": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bd": "marginal", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864be": "", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein's", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist groups", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "the west", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c4": "put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c5": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c6": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c7": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c8": "the west", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "in the kingdom", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "those domestic Islamists who attacked it", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "Osama bin Laden", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d6": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d7": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d8": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d9": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864da": "", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb's", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "the Brotherhood", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe or splinter movements", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "By the 1970s", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f2": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f3": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f4": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f5": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f6": "", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "apostate\" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who held secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "apostate", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fc": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fd": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fe": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864ff": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a686500": "", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "violence", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "unsuccessful", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "political figures", "5acfec9277cf76001a686506": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686507": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686508": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686509": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a68650a": "", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "\"quiescent\" stance", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Palestine", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "alcohol", "5acfecc577cf76001a686510": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686511": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686512": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686513": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686514": "alcohol", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "the majority of the seats", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686524": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686525": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686526": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686527": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686528": "", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Islamist", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "National Islamic Front", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "money from foreign Islamist banking systems", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "university and military academy", "5acfed5277cf76001a68652e": "Islamist", "5acfed5277cf76001a68652f": "", "5acfed5277cf76001a686530": "", "5acfed5277cf76001a686531": "", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "with the help of the military", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "sharia law", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War", "5acfed9477cf76001a686540": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686541": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686542": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686543": "", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1989", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "staying home", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "a military coup d'\u00e9tat", "5acfedc577cf76001a686548": "Front Islamique de Salut", "5acfedc577cf76001a686549": "", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654a": "", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654b": "", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654c": "", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "one of the poorest countries on earth", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1992", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686552": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686553": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686554": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686555": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686556": "", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "Pakistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "Sharia", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Osama bin Laden", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655c": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655d": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655e": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655f": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a686560": "", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "July 1977", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "his means of seizing power", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", "5acfee8977cf76001a686566": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686567": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686568": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686569": "his means of seizing power", "5acfee8977cf76001a68656a": "", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "recognition", "5acfeee177cf76001a686570": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686571": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686572": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686573": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686574": "", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "a terrorist organisation", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657a": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657b": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657c": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657d": "", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "different view", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "7th century", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "the true Islamic system", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "disbelieving", "5acfef5477cf76001a686582": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686583": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686584": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686585": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686586": "", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "through \"ideological struggle\" to change Muslim public opinion", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "elites", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a0": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a1": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a2": "elites", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a3": "Egypt", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a4": "", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "over 900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "Islamist", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "Londonistan", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement to terrorism", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865aa": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ab": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ac": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ad": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ae": "", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "since 2001", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "the State Department", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "Christian Whiton", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "Defense Secretary", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "undermining the communist ideology", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b4": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b5": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b6": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b7": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b8": "", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Latin", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "colonization, use of military force", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Japanese", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas", "5acff36377cf76001a6865ee": "Latin", "5acff36377cf76001a6865ef": "", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f0": "19th", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f1": "", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f2": "", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "influence through diplomacy or military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "Formal", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "\"othering", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "direct", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f8": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f9": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fa": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fb": "diplomacy or military force", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fc": "", "57306797396df919000960ee": "", "57306797396df919000960ef": "full-fledged colonial rule\" while the second implied less direct rule though still containing perceivable kinds of dominance. Informal", "57306797396df919000960f0": "aggressiveness", "57306797396df919000960f1": "Informal", "57306797396df919000960f2": "technological superiority", "5acff4b177cf76001a686614": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686615": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686616": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686617": "Informal", "5acff4b177cf76001a686618": "", "573081c2069b531400832133": "empire", "573081c2069b531400832134": "world systems theory", "573081c2069b531400832135": "Lenin", "573081c2069b531400832136": "empire", "573081c2069b531400832137": "", "5acff55577cf76001a68661e": "", "5acff55577cf76001a68661f": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686620": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686621": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686622": "", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "political focus", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Contiguous land empires such as the Russian or Ottoman", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "a person or group of people", "5acff5b077cf76001a686628": "colonialism", "5acff5b077cf76001a686629": "one's superiority, domination and influence upon a person or group of people", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662a": "", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662b": "", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662c": "", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "taking physical control of another", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered", "5acff63377cf76001a68665a": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665b": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665c": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665d": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665e": "", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds", "5730876a396df9190009617b": "the races which can do this work best", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "Social Darwinism", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness", "5acff69e77cf76001a686664": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686665": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686666": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686667": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686668": "", "573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216c": "", "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political geographers", "573088da069b53140083216e": "necessary for a state\u2019s survival", "573088da069b53140083216f": "fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686680": "Germany", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686681": "Britain", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686682": "Political geographers", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686683": "", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686684": "", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate zone", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "uncivilized", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "the superior and the norm", "5acff73377cf76001a68668a": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668b": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668c": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668d": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668e": "", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "British", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Roman law meaning 'empty land')", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "Aboriginal", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "eighteenth century", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "empty land", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c68": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c69": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6a": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6b": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6c": "", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "irrational and backward", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "irrational and backward in opposition to the rational and progressive West. Defining the East as a negative vision of itself, as its inferior", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "discourse of Orientalism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "inferior", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7c": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7d": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7e": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7f": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c80": "", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "the role of nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "the use of blank space", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "to denote unknown or unexplored territory", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "French", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9a": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9b": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9c": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9d": "", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "pre-Columbian era", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "dozens", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "the Ethiopian Empire", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd8": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd9": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cda": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdb": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdc": "", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "soft power", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "Dallas", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf6": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf7": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf8": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf9": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cfa": "", "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "industrializing nations engaging in the process of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power", "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands", "57309446396df919000961bb": "the middle of the 20th century", "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d14": "the middle of the 20th century", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d15": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d16": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d17": "around 1700", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d18": "", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1999", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "historians", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "economy", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "imperial powers", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d32": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d33": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d34": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d35": "", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "colonies", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "political weakness of the Mughal state", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4e": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4f": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d50": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d51": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d52": "", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "advancements in communication", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "machine gun", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "arrows, swords, and leather shields", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d68": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d69": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6a": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6b": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6c": "", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "in the late 1870s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "philanthropy", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "need for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpower in such a way that necessitated colonial expansion", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d84": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d85": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d86": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d87": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d88": "", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "before World War I", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "disease", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "domestic social reforms", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8e": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8f": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d90": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d91": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d92": "", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "the environment in which they lived", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db4": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db5": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db6": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db7": "Africa", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db8": "", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "geographic scholars under colonizing empires", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "colonizing empires", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc8": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc9": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dca": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcb": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcc": "", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": "political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", "5730a40f396df91900096238": "Portuguese", "5ad0316177cf76001a686dda": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddb": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddc": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddd": "political activity caused exploitation", "5ad0316177cf76001a686dde": "Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "after 1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "when Germany started to build her own colonial empire", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df2": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df3": "after 1850", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df4": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df5": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df6": "", "5730a951069b531400832213": "civilize the inferior", "5730a951069b531400832214": "Full citizenship rights", "5730a951069b531400832215": "France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity and French culture", "5730a951069b531400832217": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfc": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfd": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfe": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dff": "", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "overseas colonies", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "they won the war in Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0c": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0d": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0e": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0f": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e10": "", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "Scandinavia and northern Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096261": "in the middle period of classical antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096262": "in late antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096263": "Muslim Iberia", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "central Europe", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1e": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1f": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e20": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e21": "Muslim Iberia", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "19th century", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe itself", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e26": "19th century", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e27": "90", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e28": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e29": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e2a": "", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "German prestige", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e38": "", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e39": "", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3a": "German New Guinea", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3b": "", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thailand", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e40": "1937", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e41": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e42": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e43": "", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "The Soviet Union and the People\u2019s Republic of China", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "after 1932", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin", "5730b255396df919000962b3": "areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik leaders", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e48": "", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e49": "1923", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e4a": "", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "a world revolution", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e66": "", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e67": "", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e68": "", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "about 1820", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6c": "", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6d": "", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6e": "about 1820", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6f": "", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Africa", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "British Empire", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e74": "", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e75": "pseudo-sciences", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e76": "Africa", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "the Monroe Doctrine", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "interventionism in Central America", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "a war", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "a \"racket", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7a": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7b": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7c": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7d": "", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Isiah Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "'", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "Wilson's geographer", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e82": "", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e83": "", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e84": "", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "internal", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "the contemporary Orient", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e90": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e91": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e92": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e93": "", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32 provinces", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "the 16th and 17th centuries", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea2": "1299", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea3": "", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea4": "", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea5": "the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Turkey", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eaa": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eab": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eac": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686ead": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eae": "", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Vistula River", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e88": "Carpathian Mountains", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e89": "Warsaw", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8a": "Vistula River", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8b": "1.740 million", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8c": "9th", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "Warsaw Stock Exchange", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9c": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9d": "manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9e": "Warsaw Stock Exchange", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9f": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109ea0": "Frontex", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1596", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed8": "", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed9": "", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109eda": "1795", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edb": "", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edc": "", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "architectural", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "luxurious parks and royal gardens", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab56": "", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab57": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab58": "luxurious parks and royal gardens", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab59": "Polish Academy of Sciences", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab5a": "architectural", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "belonging to Warsz", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "a 12th/13th-century nobleman", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "a village", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaae": "", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaaf": "", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab0": "Warsz was a 12th/13th-century nobleman", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab1": "a village", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab2": "sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w (12th/13th century). After Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "Prince of P\u0142ock", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "1300", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef6": "Prince of P\u0142ock", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef7": "1300", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef8": "Jazd\u00f3w", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef9": "1413", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109efa": "1526", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "General Sejm", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569", "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth", "5733266d4776f41900660715": "its central location", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a3": "", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a4": "", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a5": "", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a6": "", "57332a734776f41900660726": "until 1796", "57332a734776f41900660727": "Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's", "57332a734776f41900660729": "1815", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ca": "Kingdom of Prussia", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cb": "Napoleon's", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cc": "", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cd": "", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ce": "until 1796", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "from 4 August 1915 until November 1918", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia in 1914", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "the Red Army", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d4": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d5": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d6": "Pi\u0142sudski", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d7": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d8": "", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "German Nazi colonial administration", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "30%", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "almost a month", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae0": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae1": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae2": "19 April 1943", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae3": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae4": "almost a month", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "Red Army", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63 days", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "between 150,000 and 200,000", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f2": "", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f3": "", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f4": "1 August 1944", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f5": "63 days", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f6": "", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Bricks for Warsaw\"", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "prefabricated", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "UNESCO's World Heritage list", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a124": "", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a125": "prefabricated", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a126": "Eastern Bloc city", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a127": "", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a128": "UNESCO's World Heritage list", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", "573330444776f41900660759": "solidarity movement", "573330444776f4190066075a": "less than a year", "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", "573330444776f4190066075c": "the incentive for the democratic changes", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a196": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a197": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a198": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a199": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a19a": "", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "325", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "115.7 metres", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "right bank of the Vistula, by the eastern border", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b2": "300", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b3": "325", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b4": "Vistula River.", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b5": "115.7 metres", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b6": "by the eastern border", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "moraine plateau", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1da": "Vistula Valley", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1db": "two", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dc": "Vistula River", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dd": "Warsaw Escarpment", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1de": "moraine", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "plain moraine", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "the highest terrace", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab12": "pine forest", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab13": "valleys and ground depressions", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab14": "the highest terrace", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab15": "plain moraine", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab16": "former flooded terraces", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "the turbulent history of the city and country", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "Second World War", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "After liberation", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "Eastern bloc countries", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a274": "After liberation", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a275": "the turbulent history of the city and country", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a276": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a277": "Second World War", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a278": "Eastern bloc countries", "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic architecture", "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", "573361404776f4190066093e": "Masovian gothic style", "573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance", "573361404776f41900660940": "mannerist architecture", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2e": "1562", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2f": "", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab30": "", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab31": "", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab32": "", "573362b94776f41900660974": "the 17th century", "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692", "573362b94776f41900660976": "", "573362b94776f41900660977": "neoclassical architecture", "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775\u20131795", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a362": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a363": "1775\u20131795", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a364": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a365": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a366": "", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "were not restored by the communist authorities", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "distinctive buildings", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b0": "socialist realism", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b1": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b2": "bourgeois", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b3": "not restored by the communist authorities", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b4": "", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "many places", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "The Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "the children who served as messengers and frontline troops", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Warsaw Uprising Monument", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e6": "statue of Little Insurgent", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e7": "Pawiak", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e8": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e9": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3ea": "", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "east end", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "\u0141azienki Park", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43e": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43f": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a440": "\u0141azienki Park", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a441": "wingnut", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a442": "", "573368044776f41900660a29": "green spaces", "573368044776f41900660a2a": "the New Orangery", "573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie (a big park in the northern Mokot\u00f3w", "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1927", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46e": "", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46f": "", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a470": "1927", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a471": "green spaces", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a472": "New Orangery", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "location of Warsaw within the border region", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "within the borders of Warsaw", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Masovian Primeval Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "two", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4c": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4d": "Bielany Forest nature reserve", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4e": "location", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4f": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab50": "Kabaty", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "oxbow lakes", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "to clean them of plants and sediments", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49e": "13", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49f": "15 kilometres", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a0": "otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a1": "oxbow lakes", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a2": "to clean them of plants and sediments", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "Demographically", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "34%", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "833,500", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70c": "Jewish minority", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70d": "", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70e": "", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70f": "internal migration and urbanisation", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a710": "34%", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "1,300,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "better", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a726": "1,300,000", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a727": "420,000", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a728": "1951", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a729": "", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a72a": "", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "2.8", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1944", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a730": "", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a731": "", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a732": "56.2%", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a733": "2.8%", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a734": "1944", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "commune (gmina)", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "counties or powiats", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "districts in Krak\u00f3w", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a774": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a775": "counties or powiats", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a776": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a777": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a778": "Krak\u00f3w", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "every four years", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a792": "Warsaw City Council", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a793": "60", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a794": "", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a795": "", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a796": "30 days", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "City council", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "Centrum", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a6": "", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a7": "Jan Andrzej Menich", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a8": "1994\u20131999", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a9": "", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7aa": "", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "emerging market", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "191.766 billion PLN", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c2": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c3": "", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c4": "emerging market", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c5": "12%", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c6": "191.766 billion PLN", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "World War II", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "April 1991", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dc": "", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dd": "the reintroduction of a free-market economy", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7de": "2000", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7df": "374", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7e0": "Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "Aveo", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fa": "1951", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fb": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fc": "AvtoZAZ", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fd": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fe": "", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Medical University of Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82a": "", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82b": "", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82c": "2,000", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82d": "Medical University of Warsaw", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82e": "", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "over two million items", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "10,000 m2", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85a": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85b": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85c": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85d": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85e": "10,000 m2", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", "573399b54776f41900660e65": "the initial Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth, an increase in foreign investment as well as funding from the European Union", "573399b54776f41900660e67": "improved markedly", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a882": "infrastructure", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a883": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a884": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a885": "improved markedly", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a886": "", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "Children's Memorial Health Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", "57339a554776f41900660e78": "developed", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a896": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a897": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a898": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a899": "700", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a89a": "developed", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Warsaw", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "events", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b8": "musical", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b9": "International Contemporary Music Festival Warsaw Autumn", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8ba": "Palace of Culture and Science", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bb": "Warsaw", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bc": "events", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski (the Saxon Garden)", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "from 1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d6": "", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d7": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski (the Saxon Garden)", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d8": "", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d9": "Momus", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8da": "Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "when they would be married", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a912": "", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a913": "thousands", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a914": "Midsummer\u2019s Eve", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a915": "", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a916": "fern", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "Posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "paintings", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "arms", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a954": "60", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a955": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a956": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a957": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a958": "", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The Museum of Independence", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a984": "in the Warsaw Uprising Museum and in the Katy\u0144 Museum", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a985": "Katy\u0144 Museum", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a986": "stereoscopic", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a987": "The Museum of Independence", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a988": "60", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "500", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "exhibition site", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "last weekend of September", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ac": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ad": "", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ae": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9af": "exhibition site in Warsaw, with a tradition stretching back to the mid-19th century organises exhibitions of modern art by Polish and international artists", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9b0": "last weekend of September", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "their disastrous financial situation", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f4": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f5": "1946", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f6": "twice", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f7": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f8": "", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "since at least the mid-14th century", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "a sword", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa38": "syrenka", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa39": "mermaid", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3a": "since at least the mid-14th century", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3b": "1390", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3c": "a sword", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "the depths of the oceans and seas", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "on the coast of Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "captured the mermaid", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4c": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4d": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4e": "on the coast of Denmark", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4f": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa50": "", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "Nobel Prize", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "Famous musicians", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven months", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa68": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa69": "", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6a": "", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6b": "seven months", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6c": "", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "poet", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7c": "Warsaw", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7d": "", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7e": "Art Deco style", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7f": "poet", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa80": "Nathan Alterman", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "British America and New France", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe971": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe972": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe973": "Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies.", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe974": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe975": "", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "May 1754", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a7": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a8": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a9": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9aa": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9ab": "", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "1755", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "a disaster", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e1": "1755", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e2": "a disaster", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e3": "", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e4": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e5": "", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "France concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy in Quebec", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f5": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f6": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f7": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f8": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f9": "British were later defeated at Sainte Foy in Quebec", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain, in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1d": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1e": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1f": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea20": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea21": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "the 1740s", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "it obscures the fact that Indians fought on both sides of the conflict", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea31": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea32": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea33": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea34": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea35": "", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "six years", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3b": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3c": "from the Battle of Jumonville Glen in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3d": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3e": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3f": "", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "about 75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "Illinois Country", "5733d5704776f41900661310": "throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea59": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5a": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5b": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5c": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5d": "", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "along the eastern coast of the continent, from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the north, to Georgia in the south", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "along the coast", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea63": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea64": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea65": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea66": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea67": "", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "present-day Upstate New York and the Ohio Country", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea77": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea78": "native tribes", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea79": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7a": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7b": "", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Catawba", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "western portions of the Great Lakes region", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "the Iroquois Six Nations, and also by the Cherokee", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feac9": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feaca": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacb": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacc": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacd": "", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "few", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead3": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead4": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead5": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead6": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead7": "", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "3,000 miles", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "Whenever he encountered British merchants or fur-traders, C\u00e9loron informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave.", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadd": "told them to leave", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feade": "", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadf": "", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae0": "200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae1": "", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "that they owned the Ohio Country", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "ignored the warning", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "ignored the warning", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf1": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf2": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf3": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf4": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf5": "", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "very badly disposed towards the French", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "William Shirley, the expansionist governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay,", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafb": "", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafc": "very badly disposed towards the French, and are entirely devoted to the English.", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafd": "", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafe": "each side proposing that action be taken", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feaff": "British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Treaty of Logstown", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "at the mouth of the Monongahela River", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb05": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb06": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb07": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb08": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb09": "", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "War of the Austrian Succession", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd3": "", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd4": "", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd5": "", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd6": "issues in Europe", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd7": "", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300 men", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following C\u00e9loron's orders to cease trading with the British", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "capturing three traders and killing 14 people", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec03": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec04": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec05": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec06": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec07": "", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Fort Presque Isle", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort Le Boeuf", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Tanaghrisson", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec15": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec16": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec17": "Fort Presque Isle (near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec18": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec19": "", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Superintendent for Indian Affairs", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec47": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec48": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec49": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4a": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4b": "", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "George Washington", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December 12", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec51": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec52": "the Ohio Company", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec53": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec54": "Jacob Van Braam", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec55": "", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "letter from Dinwiddie", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "superior to that of the British", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec73": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec74": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec75": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec76": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec77": "", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "", "5733f1784776f41900661576": "early months of 1754", "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec85": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec86": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec87": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec88": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec89": "", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "surprised the Canadians", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "They killed many of the Canadians", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "Tanaghrisson was acting to gain the support of the British and regain authority over his own people", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb1": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb2": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb3": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb4": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb5": "", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "dislodge the French", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "well before Braddock's departure for North America", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "The British, intending to blockade French ports", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd5": "dislodge the French", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd6": "", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd7": "", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd8": "", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd9": "", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "the Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the crown", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fece9": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecea": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feceb": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecec": "The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the crown", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feced": "", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "The expedition was a disaster", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "Approximately 1,000", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Washington and Thomas Gage", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed05": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed06": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed07": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed08": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed09": "", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "absence", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed23": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed24": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed25": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed26": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed27": "", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Marquis de Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Vaudreuil sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "both sides", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed49": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4a": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4b": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4c": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4d": "Ticonderoga Point", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "Nova Scotia's Governor Charles Lawrence ordered the deportation of the French-speaking Acadian population from the area", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed67": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed68": "Colonel Monckton", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed69": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6a": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6b": "", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "attacks on Fort Frontenac", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "Albany", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7b": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7c": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7d": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7e": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7f": "", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Major General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed99": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9a": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9b": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9c": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9d": "", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Oneida Carry", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb3": "", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb4": "", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb5": "weakness of the British supply chain", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb6": "", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb7": "", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Oswego", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "disposition of prisoners' personal effects", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfb": "Ticonderoga", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfc": "", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfd": "", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfe": "Oswego", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedff": "prevented the Indians from stripping the prisoners of their valuables", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "to distract Montcalm", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "Loudoun returned to New York", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee23": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee24": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee25": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee26": "William Pitt", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee27": "Loudoun returned to New York", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "Lake George", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "attacked the British column", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee47": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee48": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee49": "Lake George", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4a": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4b": "attacked the British column, killing and capturing several hundred men, women, children, and slaves", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "the British blockade of the French coastline", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "a poor harvest", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "the St. Lawrence", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee63": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee64": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee65": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee66": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee67": "Montcalm focused his meager resources on the defense of the St. Lawrence,", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "The British failures in North America", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "Loudoun", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops, supported by the provincial militias", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee87": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee88": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee89": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8a": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8b": "", "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616de": "18,000", "573403394776f419006616df": "Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac", "573403394776f419006616e0": "recalled and replaced", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9b": "18,000", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9c": "", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9d": "", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9e": "Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9f": "recalled and replaced", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "an invasion of Britain", "57340549d058e614000b67de": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically,", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeb9": "", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeba": "", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebb": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically,", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebc": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically,", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebd": "", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "victory at Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of Sainte-Foy", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "the British were able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships in the naval Battle of the Restigouche", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec3": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec4": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec5": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec6": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec7": "", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition, continued ownership of their property, and the right to remain undisturbed in their homes", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "General Amherst", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecd": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feece": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecf": "freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition, continued ownership of their property, and the right to remain undisturbed in their homes", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed0": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed1": "Governor Vaudreuil", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "15 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "France chose to cede the former", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "They viewed the economic value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane to be greater and easier to defend than the furs", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feedf": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee0": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee1": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee2": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee3": "", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80,000", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": "throughout its North American provinces", "57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefb": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefc": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefd": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefe": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feeff": "", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "to govern relations between the government of modern Canada and the First Nations", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "lands west of the Appalachian Mountains", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef0f": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef10": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef11": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef12": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef13": "", "57340d124776f419006617bf": "disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "legal and illegal settlement due to the construction of military roads to the area by Braddock and Forbes", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769", "57340d124776f419006617c2": "Yamasee", "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Cuba", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef23": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef24": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef25": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef26": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef27": "", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "concept of force", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "A fundamental error", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Sir Isaac Newton", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "nearly three hundred years", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Einstein", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f56": "", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f57": "", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f58": "Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton.", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f59": "motion and force", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f5a": "", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "a Standard Model", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "electroweak interaction", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f84": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f85": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f86": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f87": "", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "on the ground", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "unnatural", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc6": "", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc7": "", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc8": "", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc9": "", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "17th century", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fec": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fed": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fee": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fef": "", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton's", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "Newton's First Law", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a429048": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a429049": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904a": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904b": "", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "curving parabolic path", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "at rest", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909c": "", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909d": "person", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909e": "", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909f": "", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "rotational inertia", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": "weightlessness", "573749741c45671900574461": "principle of equivalence", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d4": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d5": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d6": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d7": "", "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic", "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446b": "fixed", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911a": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911b": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911c": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911d": "", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "The third law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "unidirectional force", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "F and \u2212F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction", "5ad26421d7d075001a42913e": "", "5ad26421d7d075001a42913f": "", "5ad26421d7d075001a429140": "", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "center of mass", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "closed", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "the mass of the system", "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291fe": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291ff": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a429200": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a429201": "", "573766251c45671900574471": "intuitive understanding", "573766251c45671900574472": "", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", "573766251c45671900574474": "experimentation", "5ad26797d7d075001a429236": "", "5ad26797d7d075001a429237": "", "5ad26797d7d075001a429238": "force", "5ad26797d7d075001a429239": "", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Associating forces with vectors", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "you do not know which direction either person is pulling", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925a": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925b": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925c": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925d": "", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "net force", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "their respective lines of application", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "parallelogram rule of vector addition: the addition of two vectors represented by sides of a parallelogram", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c4": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c5": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c6": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c7": "", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "the original force", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "orthogonal components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "three-dimensional", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e0": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e1": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e2": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e3": "", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "applied force resulting in no acceleration", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "increases or decreases", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429318": "", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429319": "the object does not move", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931a": "", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931b": "", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "forces", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "the object's weight", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "force of gravity", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429332": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429333": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429334": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429335": "", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "rest", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937c": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937d": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937e": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937f": "", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "dynamic equilibrium", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle", "5ad27697d7d075001a429518": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a429519": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a42951a": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a42951b": "", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian equations", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "quantized\"", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953e": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953f": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a429540": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a429541": "physics", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli principle", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "the value of the spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "symmetric", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429546": "the value of the spin", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429547": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429548": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429549": "", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "mathematical by-product", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "force", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman diagrams", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "straight line", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957c": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957d": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957e": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957f": "", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "The strong and weak forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "electromagnetic force", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "the Pauli exclusion principle", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a8": "", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a9": "", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295aa": "", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295ab": "strong and weak forces", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "unification models", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c2": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c3": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c4": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c5": "", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Galileo", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "free-fall", "573784fa1c45671900574486": "sea level", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fa": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fb": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fc": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fd": "", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "at larger distances", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "", "573786b51c4567190057448f": "the mass of the attracting body", "573786b51c45671900574490": "radius", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429700": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429701": "same force of gravity", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429702": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429703": "", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429742": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429743": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429744": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429745": "", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Mercury", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "theory of general relativity (GR)", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "Albert Einstein", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429782": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429783": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429784": "theory of general relativity", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429785": "", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", "57378b141c456719005744a0": "straight line path", "57378b141c456719005744a1": "gravitational force", "57378b141c456719005744a2": "a global sense", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a6": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a7": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a8": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a9": "", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "electromagnetic force", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "electrostatic force (due to the electric field) and the magnetic force (due to the magnetic field)", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d6": "", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d7": "magnetism", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d8": "", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d9": "", "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "4", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "James Clerk Maxwell", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fa": "", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fb": "", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fc": "", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fd": "James Clerk Maxwell", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics (or QED)", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics", "5ad28237d7d075001a429820": "electromagnetism", "5ad28237d7d075001a429821": "", "5ad28237d7d075001a429822": "", "5ad28237d7d075001a429823": "electromagnetism", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "energy", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "as a structural force", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985a": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985b": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985c": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985d": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "a residual of the force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "color confinement", "5ad28471d7d075001a429876": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429877": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429878": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429879": "", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "radioactivity", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298ae": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298af": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b0": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b1": "", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c0": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c1": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c2": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c3": "", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "conservation of mechanical energy", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "By connecting the same string multiple times to the same object through the use of a set-up that uses movable pulleys", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e6": "", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e7": "", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e8": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "idealized point particles", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "other parts of an object", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429900": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429901": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429902": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429903": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "pressure terms", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429912": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429913": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429914": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429915": "", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "rotation", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "unbalanced torque", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Newton's Second Law of Motion", "5ad28846d7d075001a42992e": "", "5ad28846d7d075001a42992f": "angular velocity", "5ad28846d7d075001a429930": "angular", "5ad28846d7d075001a429931": "First Law of Motion", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "always directed toward the center of the curving path", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "perpendicular", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "centripetal) force", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "tangential force", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429970": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429971": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429972": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429973": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "net mechanical energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "difference in potential energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429982": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429983": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429984": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429985": "", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "forces", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "friction", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative forces", "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999e": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999f": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a0": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a1": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "Second law of thermodynamics", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "nonconservative forces", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b0": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b1": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b2": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b3": "", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "pound-force", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kilopond", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "the metric slug", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "kip", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cc": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cd": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299ce": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cf": "" }