replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France
Christ
Main Building
Marian place of prayer and reflection
Virgin Mary
September 1876
Scholastic
The Observer
three
1987
Rome
Moreau Seminary
Old College
Fatima House
Buechner Prize for Preaching
eight
1920
Civil and Mechanical Engineering
eight
since the 1870s
Learning Resource Center
First Year of Studies
1962
U.S. News & World Report
Doctorate
Master of Divinity
Alliance for Catholic Education
1854
Department of Pre-Professional Studies
The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies
President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame
1986
Ray Kroc
1986
14
Theodore M. Hesburgh Library
1963
Millard Sheets
Touchdown Jesus
3,577
19.7%
top 10 to 15
39.1%
1,311
18th
8th
1st overall
10th
57.6%
Chemistry and Physics
1851–1921
Father John Augustine Zahm
Thomas Aquinas
Chemistry and Physics
1882
Professor Jerome Green
1899
Father Julius Nieuwland
Albert Zahm
germ-free-life
1950
1950
Gnotobiotics.
1928
The Review of Politics
German Catholic journals
44
The Review of Politics
John Jenkins
"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world"
Kroc Institute for International Peace studies
2013
climate change
12,179
37%
Bengal Bouts
Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh
12,179
20%
four
single-sex,
20%
single-sex,
Congregatio a Sancta Cruce
93%
over 100
Fifty-seven
93%
Washington Hall
April 1879
Rev. William Corby
17th of May
LaFortune Student Center
Father James Burns
College of Commerce
Father James Burns
Father James Burns
Harvard Law School
Knute Rockne
12
1925
13
13
Catholics
Ku Klux Klan
Fr. Matthew Walsh
week-long
South Bend
Holy Cross
Holy Cross
Laetare Medal
1883
a spiritual service
half
Lobund Institute for Animal Studies
Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn,
Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C.
Medieval Institute
1917–2015
a factor of 18
a factor of 18
1952–87
389 to 950
Hesburgh
Dean of Arts and Letters
Vice President of Student Affairs
Mary Ann Proctor
several hundred
1987–2005
500
500
$70 million
500
2005
17th
Malloy
Compton Family Ice Arena
$400m
Congregation of Holy Cross
Basilica of the Sacred Heart
French Revival
Luigi Gregori
1896
Fr. Zahm
1950
Joseph LaFortune
83,000 square feet
$1.2 million
29
Theodore Hesburgh Library
almost 4 million
Duncan Hall
Frank Eck Stadium
2008
organic, fair-trade, and vegan
Sustainable Endowments Institute
Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies
1968
1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square
Beijing, Chicago, Dublin, Jerusalem and Rome.
1998
The College of Arts and Letters
The College of Arts and Letters
1849
Saint Louis University
33
Father Patrick Dillon
1865
mathematics
Jordan Hall of Science
1,200
The School of Architecture
Bond Hall
five-year
Rome
Driehaus Architecture Prize
2015
Stanford Hall
over three million volumes
over three million
John O'Hara
Anton-Hermann Chroust
classics and law
Max Scheler
sculptor
Notre Dame
Catholic
Our Lady of the Lake
Virgin Mary
1,250
Fighting Irish football team
Knute Rockne
NCAA Division I
62
62
consistently ranked among the top twenty universities
four
Driehaus Architecture Prize
50
Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art
1842
Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière
Congregation of the Holy Cross
November 26, 1842
Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel
1849
1865
Father Lemonnier
ten thousand
1873
NDtv
2002
WSND-FM
WVFI
University of Notre Dame
June 3, 2008
Kite Realty
City of South Bend
a contractor hired non-union workers
Atlantic Coast Conference
Horizon League
Midwest Fencing Conference
Hockey East
Horizon League
five
five
Central Collegiate Hockey Association
Navy Blue and Gold Rush
Leprechaun
Under Armour
$100 million
1846
oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States
Notre Dame Victory March
1887
1887
Heisman Trophies
Jeweled Shillelagh
Heisman Trophies
George Gipp
Knute Rockne
Pat O'Brien
George Gipp
80,795
Zahm House's two-story banner
Drummers' Circle
Bond Hall
trumpet
Saturday
28
28
28
Austin Carr
Mike Brey
John F. Shea
1904
Rev. Michael J. Shea
1928
onward to victory
The Gipper
Airplane!
Sean Astin
George Zipp
Knute Rockne
Condoleezza Rice
Eric F. Wieschaus
Rev. John Jenkins
professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey
Jim Wetherbee
R&B
R&B
2003
Houston, Texas
R&B
Destiny's Child
five
Mathew Knowles
Houston
five
September 4, 1981
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter
R&B
R&B
five
2003
five
R&B
five
2003
acting
I Am... Sasha Fierce
I Am... Sasha Fierce
Obsessed
2010
Obsessed
I Am... Sasha Fierce
June 2005
B'Day
Obsessed
I Am... Sasha Fierce
Sasha Fierce
love, relationships, and monogamy
Time
Forbes
The Recording Industry Association of America
Forbes
modern-day feminist
2013 and 2014
118 million
118 million
118 million
20
Forbes
Destiny's Child
her mother's maiden name
African-American
Methodist
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles
hairdresser and salon owner
Solange
Joseph Broussard
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles
Solange
Joseph Broussard.
Methodist
Fredericksburg
Darlette Johnson
Houston
Darlette Johnson
St. John's United Methodist Church
Parker Elementary School,
Imagine
Fredericksburg
Darlette Johnson
seven
St. John's United Methodist Church
Arne Frager
1995
Elektra Records
Arne Frager
1995
Sony Music
Elektra Records
eight
eight
Girl's Tyme
Arne Frager
1995
Grass Roots Entertainment
Men in Black
"Jumpin' Jumpin'" and "Say My Name"
Marc Nelson
1996
Book of Isaiah
Men in Black
Say My Name
Marc Nelson
based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah.
"Killing Time" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film, Men in Black.
No, No, No
1999
Marc Nelson
depression
boyfriend
her mother
depression
a couple of years
her mother
Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams.
depression
her mother
Farrah Franklin
Independent Women Part I
eleven
Beyoncé
663,000
Georges Bizet
Survivor
"Independent Women Part I", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film, Charlie's Angels.
Carmen: A Hip Hopera
Survivor
Survivor
October 2001
Foxxy Cleopatra
UK, Norway, and Belgium
The Fighting Temptations
Missy Elliott
Summertime
Austin Powers in Goldmember
73 million
The Fighting Temptations
The Fighting Temptations
$30 million
Austin Powers in Goldmember
Foxxy Cleopatra
Work It Out
The Fighting Temptations
The Fighting Temptations
"'03 Bonnie & Clyde"
Dangerously in Love
317,000
Crazy in Love
"'03 Bonnie & Clyde"
Jay Z
Dangerously in Love
"'03 Bonnie & Clyde"
Luther Vandross
Jay Z
June 24, 2003
Crazy in Love
five
five.
Destiny Fulfilled
March 2006
November 2003
Destiny Fulfilled
Barcelona
March 2006
Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys
Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys
Super Bowl XXXVIII
Barcelona
541,000
Déjà Vu
top five
top five
twenty-fifth birthday
Jay Z
top five
B'Day
541,000
Jay Z
Green Light
The Pink Panther
Dreamgirls
Dreamgirls
April 2007
24 million
158.8 million
The Beyoncé Experience
Shakira
The Pink Panther
Diana Ross.
Listen
The Beyoncé Experience
Shakira
Jay Z
November 18, 2008
2000s
Taylor Swift
119.5 million
a video montage
March 2009
Taylor Swift
119.5 million
April 4, 2008
Jay Z.
Sasha Fierce
Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"
Kanye West
Etta James
Phoenix House
At Last
thriller
MTV Movie Award for Best Fight
Phoenix House
Obsessed
Sharon Charles
60 million
Etta James
Phoenix House
First Couple's first inaugural ball.
Obsessed.
ten
Lauryn Hill
Lady Gaga
six
sixth
ten nominations
Telephone
Lady Gaga
sixth
Lauryn Hill
ten
Lauryn Hill
Lady Gaga
sixth
January 2010
January 2010
Great Wall of China
January 2010
her mother
her father
nine months
Beyoncé
her mother
her father
nine months
2011
Clinton Bush Haiti Fund
Glastonbury
Rolling Stone
highest-paid performer in the world per minute
WikiLeaks
2011
Rolling Stone
Glastonbury
Muammar Gaddafi.
WikiLeaks
Clinton Bush Haiti Fund.
Glastonbury
June 28, 2011
Love on Top
Essence
4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé
June 28, 2011
310,000
New York Association of Black Journalists
June 28, 2011
June 28, 2011
June 28, 2011
310,000
Essence
4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé
January 7, 2012
Lenox Hill Hospital
Blue Ivy Carter
Ovation Hall
January 7, 2012
Blue Ivy Carter
Ovation Hall
Ovation Hall
January 7, 2012
Blue Ivy Carter
Lenox Hill Hospital in New York.
Ovation Hall
Ovation Hall
romance
Life Is But a Dream
Warner/Chappell
2013
Nuclear
President Obama
268,000 tweets per minute
2013
Nuclear
Beyoncé
Super Bowl XLVII halftime show
Life Is But a Dream
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
Rise Up
Epic
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
Met Gala
Tara
Rise Up
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
Back to Black
She was also honorary chair of the 2013 Met Gala.
Tara
Beyoncé
December 13, 2013
Beyoncé
Jay Z
$115 million
$115 million
December 13, 2013
The New York Times
Drunk in Love
On the Run Tour.
three
Beck
Vogue
Coldplay
three
Beck
Coldplay
six awards
Vogue
Coldplay
Coldplay
Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song
three
Beck
Vogue
Coldplay
Tidal
Formation
February 6, 2016
Tidal
Tidal
Tidal
February 6, 2016
Tidal
300 million
Paris
miscarriage
Jay Z
April 4, 2008
300 million
wrote music
Paris
'03 Bonnie & Clyde
April 4, 2008
300 million
miscarriage
Paris
MTV Video Music Awards
pregnancy
12.4 million
MTV Video Music Awards
12.4 million
most tweets per second
Beyonce pregnant
Love on Top
MTV Video Music Awards
Love on Top
12.4 million
Beyonce pregnant
Lifeandtimes.com
Glory
Blue Ivy Carter
Lenox Hill Hospital
Glory
Blue Ivy Carter
B.I.C.
January 7, 2012
Blue Ivy Carter
Glory
"B.I.C."
B.I.C.
George Zimmerman
America the Beautiful
4 million
same sex marriage
George Zimmerman
America the Beautiful
America the Beautiful
At Last
Tumblr
same sex marriage
Vogue
Ban Bossy campaign
Vogue
April 2013
Ban Bossy
Flawless
girls
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Ban Bossy
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
Freddie Gray
thousands
Freddie Gray
thousands
Celine Dion
highest-earning power couple
end of 2014
250 million
Celine Dion
$80 million
2009 to 2011
115 million
250 million
$80 million
$115 million
MTV
2013
four
Jody Rosen
The Daily Mail
hip hop
four octaves
versatile
hip hop
range and power
four
centerpiece
tart
hip hop
R&B
pop, soul and funk
Irreemplazable
B'Day
Rudy Perez
R&B
Irreemplazable
Irreemplazable
Irreemplazable
R&B
Irreemplazable
Rudy Perez.
Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day.
melodies and ideas
Cater 2 U
Jay Z
Jay Z
Beyoncé
melodies and ideas
Independent Women
Beyoncé
melodies and ideas
Beyoncé
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards
Diane Warren
Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters
2001
Beyoncé
17
Beyoncé
Pop Songwriter of the Year
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards.
Beyoncé
17
Michael Jackson
five
Michael Jackson
vocal runs
Michael Jackson
Vision of Love
Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson
Diana Ross
Whitney Houston
Vision of Love
feminism and female empowerment
Josephine Baker
Etta James
feminism and female empowerment
boldness
mini-hula
Josephine Baker.
Déjà Vu
Michelle Obama
February 2013
Oprah Winfrey
Michelle Obama
inspiration and a strong woman
lyrical and raw
take control of her own career
lyrical genius
Michelle Obama
Oprah Winfrey
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Madonna
Suga Mama
The Mamas
Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick
2006
Suga Mama
Suga Mama
2006 BET Awards
Suga Mama
Suga Mama
B'Day
The Mamas
2006 BET Awards
Beyoncé
L.A. Reid
Beyoncé
Jarett Wieselman
the greatest entertainer alive
she's almost too good
Jarett Wieselman
L.A. Reid
Sasha Fierce
"Crazy in Love"
February 2010
May 2012
too aggressive, too strong
May 2012
Sasha Fierce.
2008
Crazy in Love
Allure
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
Bootylicious
Destiny's Child
Bootylicious
Bootylicious
2006
Beyoncé
Bootylicious
2006
sexily
Spring/Summer 2011
Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show
People
January 2013
VH1
People
People
January 2013
VH1
September 2010
People
Hottest Female Singer of All Time
Madame Tussauds Wax Museums
Destiny's Style
Tyra Banks
Destiny's Style
2007
Tyra Banks
Tyra Banks
Sports Illustrated Swimsuit
The Bey Hive
The Beyontourage
petitions
The Bey Hive
"The Beyontourage
The Bey Hive
"The Beyontourage
beehive
House of Deréon
L'Officiel
blackface
2006
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
L'Officiel
blackface
L'Officiel
House of Deréon.
blackface
Beyoncé's
Emmett Price
L'Oréal
natural pictures be used
it is categorically untrue
Beyoncé's
Emmett Price
L'Oréal
In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements
L'Oréal
Llewyn-Smith
2013
2014
Artist of the Decade
2013
2014
Baz Luhrmann
Jody Rosen
Llewyn-Smith
Time 100 list
Baz Luhrmann
2014
White Rabbits
White Rabbits
Pepsi
Pepsi
White Rabbits
Beyoncé's
Country Strong
White Rabbits
White Rabbits
White Rabbits
Country Strong.
Pepsi
Crazy in Love
two
two
a species of horse fly
July 2014
Crazy in Love
two
8 million copies
Drake
two
Drake
a species of horse fly
118 million
118 million
64
118 million
Beyoncé
118 million
118 million
118 million
Legend Award
64 certifications
118 million
118 million
64
64
Legend Award
20
20
20
six
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
20 Grammy Awards
52 nominations
"Single Ladies (Put a Ring in It)"
six
20
20
"Single Ladies (Put a Ring in It)"
Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture
Gladiator-themed commercial
50 million
Center for Science in the Public Interest
70
2002
Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias
Pepsi
Center for Science in the Public Interest
Gladiator-themed commercial
$50 million
Center for Science in the Public Interest
70
Tommy Hilfiger
Tommy Hilfiger
Heat
2013
400 million
Heat
2011
Pulse
six
Tommy Hilfiger
Heat
Heat
six
18
$100 million
18
$100 million
June 2013
$100 million
$100 million
$100 million
$100 million
June 2013
Topshop
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
activewear
2015
Topshop
2015
Parkwood Entertainment
Topshop
London
activewear
March 30, 2015
Jay Z
March 30, 2015
Beyoncé
low payout of royalties
Tidal.
Aspiro
Jay Z
Spotify
Beyoncé and her mother
Agnèz Deréon
Beyond Productions
handbags and footwear
department and specialty stores across the US and Canada
Beyoncé and her mother
2005
Agnèz Deréon
Destiny's Child's shows and tours
Beyoncé and her mother
Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for House of Deréon, and its junior collection, Deréon.
shoe
Brazil
July 2009
House of Deréon collection
Sasha Fierce for Deréon
May 27, 2010
House of Brands
Beyoncé Fashion Diva
Sasha Fierce for Deréon
C&A
Macy's and Dillard's
Topshop
autumn 2015
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
50
April 2016
Topshop
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
Beyoncé
Beyoncé and Rowland
250,000
Hurricane Ike
Beyoncé and Rowland
$250,000
Hurricane Ike
Beyoncé and Rowland
Hurricane Ike
Hurricane Ike
Wyclef Jean
Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House
God Bless the USA
$1 million
Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House
New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund
Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief
Wyclef Jean
Beyoncé Cosmetology Center
God Bless the USA
Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
I Was Here
Miss a Meal
June 1, 2013
Tina Knowles
influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.
spread female empowerment
Catapult
Demand A Plan
950
I Was Here
Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini
montaa (mountain)
4th
4th
77
montaa
1908
1949
grizzly bear
grizzly bear
Maiasaura
September 1910
Oro y Plata
"Gold and Silver"
1865
1895
bitterroot
35 percent
235
Billings
Missoula and Great Falls
"mountain"
Montaa del Norte
147,040
North Dakota and South Dakota
North Dakota and South Dakota
western half of the state
60 percent
north
Saskatchewan
Beartooth Plateau
Granite Peak
12,799
Democrats
Steve Daines
Republicans
29 to 21
swing state
1992
60
60
Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport
spring of 2013
BNSF
1880s
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
spring
wolves and mountain lions
1930s
Federation of Fly Fishers
lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries
A River Runs Through It
April 26, 1864
1862
$1.75
1886
thousands
Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay
Triple Divide Peak
Pacific Ocean
Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers
Three Forks
Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers
1976
Paradise Valley
Missouri
3,223
Flathead Lake
Fort Peck Reservoir
Missouri river
25 percent
427
grizzly bear
black-footed ferret, whooping crane, least tern, pallid sturgeon and white sturgeon
17
15 inches
34.70 inches
Grinnell Glacier
7
1 percent to 6.9 percent
sales
Approximately 66,000
1851
1887
Great Falls
63%
German
mining camp
6.5
Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt
27.9 percent
July 2007
July
forest fires
1855
Isaac Stevens
1859
Flathead Indian Reservation
Camp Cooke
Camp Cooke
1876
1877
English
94.8
Spanish
13,040
about 1,700
89.4 percent
89.4 percent
89.4 percent
1,032,949
4.40%
Gallatin County
14,323
1917
1941
smokejumpers
13 million
325
General Philip Sheridan
1875
1881
1882
1871, 1872 and 1873
Surveys in 1874, 1875 and 1876
September 8, 1883
1866
a failed bid for statehood
Helena
1889
Grover Cleveland
The Homestead Act of 1862
The Homestead Act of 1862
1868
640 acres
640 acres
640 acres
James J. Hill
1902
1909
160 to 320 acres
June 1917
Sedition Act of 1918
criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means
over 200
78
40,000-plus
40,000-plus
1500
Fort William Henry Harrison
Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow
to prevent the intentional destruction of entire human groups
a substantial part of that group
"in whole or in part"
Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic
respected commentators
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
Germany
Germany
Germany
the ECHR
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Lemkin
Lemkin
United Nations General Assembly
a legal definition of the crime
political killings
USSR
international intervention in domestic politics
William Schabas
Great Purge
Jorgic v. Germany
national, racial, religious or ethnic group
Jorgic v. Germany
the intent to destroy a national, racial, religious or ethnic group
genocide
Lemming
mobilizing much of the international relations and community
Peg LeVine
Peg LeVine
ritualcide
Peg LeVine
language, culture, and economic infrastructure
legal aspect of the term
By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime
deliberate killing of a certain group
officials in power of a state or area
1648
genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power
ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups
1648
1944
geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill).
attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them
Raphael Lemkin
Winston Churchill
1944
"a crime without a name"
Raphael Lemkin
geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill)
attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them
substantial
The numeric size of the targeted part of the group
absolute terms
prominence
the perpetrators' access to the victims
the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach,
the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach
opportunity presented to him
inform the analysis
20
20
two
the People's Republic of China
long delay
diplomatic compromise
a research tool
international legal credibility
none
Jonassohn and Björnson
Jonassohn and Björnson
Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn
Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn
Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn
M. Hassan Kakar
The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response
M. Hassan Kakar
Genocide
a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group
the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group
victimized groups
politicides
ethnicity, religion or nationality
pogroms
murder by government
murder by government
the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
non-killings that in the end eliminate the group
non-killings
Adrian Gallagher
Adrian Gallagher
intent
a substantial part
a substantial part
genocide
both in peace and wartime
Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and former Yugoslavia—signed with the proviso that no claim of genocide could be brought against them
United States
Cyprus and Norway
1948
1948
crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder
1948
Raphael Lemkin
European Court of Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights
ethnic cleansing
expel Muslims and Croats from their homes
Prijedor
30
Zdravko Tolimir
committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide
aiding and abetting genocide
German courts
genocide or complicity in genocide
Belgrade
Radovan Karadi and Ratko Mladi
genocide or complicity in genocide
Slobodan Miloevi
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
April 1994
the Security Council of the United Nations
the Security Council of the United Nations
the Security Council of the United Nations
Darfur
Colin Powell
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur
gravity of the crimes perpetrated
the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court,
abstained
the Prosecutor has found "reasonable grounds to believe that the individuals identified [in the UN Security Council Resolution 1593] have committed crimes against humanity and war crimes."
structural conditions leading up to genocide
structural conditions leading up to genocide
Ervin Staub
passivity of internal and external witnesses
humanizing a devalued group
antibiotics
evolution
1943
penicillin and erythromycin
evolutionary processes
bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics
1943
1943
concentration
eliminate bacterial infection
bacterial growth phase
ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells
concentration
host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial
markers of drug efficacy
bacterial functions or growth processes
penicillins and cephalosporins
polymyxins
(macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines
mechanism of action
penicillins and cephalosporins
polymyxins
40-year
mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity
semisynthetic modifications
beta-lactam antibiotics
aminoglycosides
chemical synthesis
semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds
2000 atomic mass units
penicillins
penicillins
near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis
resistance
World Health Organization
20th century
anyone, any age, in any country
resistance
World Health Organization
near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis
widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance
near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis
20th century
resistance
World Health Organization
World Health Organization
20th century
widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance
livestock raising
near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis
empirical therapy
several days in the laboratory
broad spectrum antibiotic
antibiotic
several days
broad spectrum antibiotic
unidentified
several days
fever and nausea
disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora
yeast
elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid
alter the host microbiota
negative effects on humans or other mammals
before approval for clinical use
mild to very serious
fever and nausea
host microbiota
negative effects on humans or other mammals
photodermatitis and anaphylaxis
diarrhea
yeast
tendon damage
increased body mass
penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline
penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline
obesity
beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics
increased body mass
intestinal microbiota
obesity
contraceptive pills
about 1%
reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon
inconclusive and controversial
Clinicians
contraceptive pills
about 1%
estrogens
oral contraceptives
very low
Clinicians
about 1%
Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics
antibiotics
serious side-effects
widespread
side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
antibiotics
never be mixed
Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics
serious side-effects
never be mixed
Intrinsic antibacterial resistance
antibacterial resistance genes
antibiotic target
vertical transmission of mutations during growth
mutation in the bacterial chromosome
vertical transmission of mutations during growth
Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes
superbugs
tuberculosis
nearly half a million
MDR-TB
antibiotic-resistant
Self prescription of antibiotics
antibiotic-resistant
medical professionals
medical professionals
failure to rest for sufficient recovery
Inappropriate antibiotic treatment
respiratory tract
US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
2002
2003
Swann report 1969
American Medical Association (AMA)
S.742 and H.R. 2562
American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA)
animal husbandry
1977
March 2012
medicinal folklore
2000 years ago
mold and plant materials
against life
Jean Paul Vuillemin
mold
Alexander Fleming
penicillin
chemotherapy
Prontosil
Gerhard Domagk
Gerhard Domagk
1939
tyrothricin
1939
Rene Dubos
Rene Dubos
wounds and ulcers
1942
1945
Norman Heatley
1945
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
immune modulation or augmentation
Antibacterial vaccines
less reactogenic, cell-free vaccines
Phage therapy
infecting pathogenic bacteria
the phages will infect "good" bacteria
2
Gram-negative bacilli
April 2013
clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA
appropriate economic incentives
superbugs
senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts,
Polish and French
Romantic era
solo piano
Duchy of Warsaw
20
Romantic
Romantic era
Duchy of Warsaw
solo piano
20
17 October 1849
Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin
solo piano
Romantic era
Romantic
Duchy of Warsaw
20
Romantic
17 October 1849
21
30
1835
Majorca
tuberculosis
Paris
30
Franz Liszt
1835
Maria Wodziska
21
30
1835
Jane Stirling
1835
Jane Stirling
tuberculosis
piano
instrumental ballade
J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert
nuance and sensitivity
Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert,
piano
instrumental ballade
nuance and sensitivity
J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert
two
piano
two
nuance and sensitivity
J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert
piano
two
Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert,
indirect
Romantic
Romantic era
he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies
France
Poland
political insurrection
Romantic era
France
political insurrection
Romantic era
elazowa Wola
22 February 1810
1 March
Fridericus Franciscus
29
elazowa Wola
Napoleon
22 February 1810
1 March
Fridericus Franciscus
Napoleon
22 February 1810
1 March
Fridericus Franciscus
elazowa Wola
Napoleon
Justyna Krzyanowska
Easter Sunday, 23 April 1810
1806
Lorraine
Lorraine
Justyna Krzyanowska
Fryderyk Skarbek
Ludwika
Lorraine
Lorraine
Ludwika
French
French
Palace grounds
flute and violin
illnesses
1810
Warsaw Lyceum
flute and violin
piano
French
French
flute and violin
piano
Saxon Palace.
Wojciech ywny
Ludwika
7
polonaises
polonaise in A-flat major of 1821
Wojciech ywny
Ludwika
7
seven
1816 to 1821
Wojciech ywny
Ludwika
7
Wojciech ywny
Kazimierz Palace
Warsaw University
Kazimierz Palace
Belweder Palace
Nasze Przebiegi
Kazimierz Palace
Kazimierz Palace
Grand Duke Constantine
Belweder Palace
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Belweder Palace
Grand Duke Constantine
Belweder Palace
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Wilhelm Würfel
Józef Elsner
eolomelodicon
Tsar Alexander I
10 June 1825
Wilhelm Würfel
Józef Elsner
eolomelodicon
diamond ring
Rondo Op. 1
Wilhelm Würfel
Józef Elsner
eolomelodicon
a diamond ring.
Rondo Op. 1.
Dominik Dziewanowski
Szafarnia
spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers
spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers
Dominik Dziewanowski
Polish rural folk music
Dominik Dziewanowski
The Szafarnia Courier
Szafarnia
1827
Krakowskie Przedmiecie
1830
the Chopin Family Parlour
Ambroy Mieroszewski
1827
1830
boarding house for male students
Ambroy Mieroszewski
Emilia
1830
the Chopin Family Parlour
Ambroy Mieroszewski
the Chopin Family Parlour
Julian Fontana
Konstancja Gadkowska
Julian Fontana
Konstancja Gadkowska
slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)
July 1829
Julian Fontana
Konstancja Gadkowska
Tytus Woyciechowski
slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)
Paris
Feliks Jarocki
Gaspare Spontini
Prince Antoni Radziwi
Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3
Gaspare Spontini
Feliks Jarocki
Gaspare Spontini
Prince Antoni Radziwi
Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3
Gaspare Spontini
Feliks Jarocki
Gaspare Spontini
Gaspare Spontini
governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer
Souvenir de Paganini
11 August
piano-bashing
17 March 1830
Souvenir de Paganini
Vienna
Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21
September 1829
piano-bashing of local artists
Niccol Paganini
Vienna
piano-bashing
three weeks
2 November 1830
Austria
2 November 1830
Zdzisaw Jachimecki
Zdzisaw Jachimecki
Woyciechowski
Italy
the November 1830 Uprising
composer and performer
Woyciechowski
2 November 1830
"I curse the moment of my departure."
September 1831
Polish Great Emigration
France
1835
Poles in exile
Paris
1831
Polish Great Emigration
1835
Adam Zamoyski
Poland
France
France
Adam Zamoyski
Polish Great Emigration
Paris
Adam Mickiewicz
set as songs
Adam Mickiewicz
Alfred de Vigny
Adam Mickiewicz
Polish Literary Society
Julian Fontana
Albert Grzymaa
Albert Grzymaa,
Julian Fontana
Paris
England
England
Albert Grzymaa
Albert Grzymaa
Julian Fontana
Warsaw Conservatory
Robert Schumann
Salle Pleyel
intimate keyboard technique
his father
Robert Schumann
Salle Pleyel
Rothschild
1831
intimate keyboard technique
publishing his works and teaching piano
small groups of friends
pianos
Salle Pleyel
Hexameron
Maurice Schlesinger
Adolphe Gutmann
his own Paris apartment
a concerto by J.S. Bach
Maurice Schlesinger
Felix Mendelssohn
Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow,
Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow
Carlsbad
Lower Rhenish Music Festival
Hiller
Carlsbad
Countess Wodziska
Countess Wodziska
Felix Mendelssohn
Düsseldorf
Academy of Art
Maria
Liszt
Hiller
Woyciechowski
26 February 1832
Liszt
Salle Pleyel
38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin
Hôtel de France
seven
Harriet Smithson
Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory
2 April 1833
Bonn
Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory
Rue Lafitte
seven
Harriet Smithson
love-hate relationship
theatricality, showmanship and success
apology
my friend Liszt
Op. 10 Études
Marie d'Agoult
Liszt
Liszt
Marie d'Agoult
Hiller
George Sand
Marie d'Agoult
My tragedy
Grzymaa
George Sand
poor health
My tragedy
Marie d'Agoult
Maria Wodziska's mother
My tragedy
Grzymaa
Camille Pleyel
Sand began in earnest
six years
Majorca
Valldemossa
Camille Pleyel
Camille Pleyel
six years
Félicien Mallefille
Carthusian
Sand
Majorca
Sand's two children
Félicien Mallefille.
Carthusian
Three
Pleyel
the best possible condition
bad health and the incompetence of the doctors
3 December
bad health and the incompetence of the doctors
Pleyel
3 December
Pleyel
bad weather
the Canuts
Marseilles
Nohant
Square d'Orléans
the Canuts
Marseilles
Nohant
5 rue Tronchet
Square d'Orléans
bad weather
the Canuts.
Marseilles
Square d'Orléans
Nohant
Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale
tenth
the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit
the organ
Die Gestirne
the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit
Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne.
Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale
to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution.
Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53
mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot
7 June 1842
piano technique and composition
mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot
piano technique and composition.
Delacroix
1842
Grzymaa
Beethoven Seventh Symphony
Charles Hallé
temporal lobe epilepsy
1842
Beethoven Seventh Symphony
temporal lobe epilepsy
1842 onwards
mouth and tonsils
Beethoven Seventh Symphony
Charles Hallé
temporal lobe
Auguste Clésinger
radical political pursuits
third child
Lucrezia Floriani
1847
1846
Auguste Clésinger
Lucrezia Floriani
Auguste Clésinger.
nurse
Lucrezia Floriani
1847
Op. 58 sonata
works were more refined than many of his earlier compositions
six
six
Op. 58 sonata
six
six
1845
1848
Auguste Franchomme
1848
Auguste Franchomme
struggle financially.
Auguste Franchomme
Cello Sonata Op.
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
A Song to Remember
A Song to Remember
1928
La valse de l'adieu
George Sand
A Song to Remember
A Song to Remember
La valse de l'adieu
La valse de l'adieu
1901
Milan
Milan
Chopin
opera
Milan
1901.
Milan
Leon Ulrich
Marcel Proust and André Gide
1830
Leon Ulrich
1830
numerous
Warsaw Chopin Society
Warsaw Chopin Society
The New York Times
Warsaw Chopin Society
Warsaw Chopin Society
The New York Times
1895
Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2
1895
The British Library
1895
Methuen-Campbell
International Chopin Piano Competition
1927
Warsaw
every five years
1,500
International Chopin Piano Competition
1927
over eighty
1,500
Chopiniana
Michel Fokine
Les Sylphides
Alexander Glazunov
Michel Fokine
Chopiniana
Michel Fokine
Alexander Glazunov.
Sergei Diaghilev
London
Jane Stirling
London
Jane Stirling and her elder sister
Jane Stirling
Revolution of 1848
Jane Stirling
Dover Street
Broadwood
Stafford House
Prince Albert
7 July
Dover Street
a grand piano.
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
piano lessons
Viardot
Scotland
Adam yszczyski
Scotland
Hopetoun Rooms
10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh
16 November 1848
London's Guildhall
Polish refugees.
terminal
London's Guildhall
Delfina Potocka
Chaillot
Princess Obreskoff
November
Delfina Potocka
Chaillot
Princess Obreskoff.
Jenny Lind.
Ludwika
Place Vendôme 12
Ludwika
her husband and daughter
Jane Stirling
Viardot
fear of being buried alive
"No longer"
Clésinger
fear of being buried alive
Clésinger
tuberculosis
Jean Cruveilhier
DNA testing
tuberculosis
Jean Cruveilhier
cystic fibrosis
Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied
the Church of the Madeleine
almost two weeks
Over 3,000
Paris
almost two weeks
Over 3,000
Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor
Louis Lefébure-Wély
Prince Adam Czartoryski
Funeral March
Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor
Louis Lefébure-Wély
Père Lachaise Cemetery
Prince Adam Czartoryski
Funeral March
Clésinger
Euterpe
5,000 francs
Jane Stirling
alcohol
Clésinger.
5,000 francs
Jane Stirling
Ludwika
Sand
Over 230
piano
Over 230
a few
Clementi
Clementi
Bach and Mozart
Haydn
John Field
ballades and scherzi
nocturne
ballades and scherzi
concert étude
Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles
polonaises
polonaises
mazurkas
salon recital
endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression.
the concert hall
the concert hall
polonaises
salon recital
Revolutionary Étude
Funeral March
Sonata No. 2
Sonata No. 2
Revolutionary Étude
Minute Waltz
65
Julian Fontana
Julian Fontana
17
65
Julian Fontana
1857
Krystyna Kobylaska
1857
1857
Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylaska.
KK
Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylaska.
Breitkopf & Härtel
Jan Ekier
Maurice Schlesinger
piano anthologies.
Paderewski
Jan Ekier
Improvisation
four-bar phrase
Improvisation
Nicholas Temperley
four-bar phrase
the Barcarolle Op. 60
four ballades and four scherzos
departure and return
folk
coda.
mazurkas and waltzes
bass
canon at one beat's distance
triple time
Zywny and Elsner
triple time
formidable
nocturnes
agitated expression
nocturnes
1833
nocturnes
straightforward ternary
straightforward ternary
straightforward ternary
The Well-Tempered Clavier
Kenneth Hamilton
The preludes
The Well-Tempered Clavier
generic preludes to others of his pieces
Kenneth Hamilton
Op. 35
Kornel Michaowski and Jim Samson
Op. 35
The last movement
Op. 58
Claude Debussy
keyboard improvisation
Temperley
finger technique
Léon Escudier
knowing good fingering
Karol Szymanowski
Chopin's use of national modes and idioms
Nikolai Zverev
Karol Szymanowski
Nikolai Zverev
Nikolai Zverev
Jonathan Bellman
rigid procedures
"always crescendo to a high note"
the most beautiful things of art
Berlioz
Hiller
rubato
the practice in performance of disregarding strict time
rubato
mazurkas
Friederike Müller
Friederike Müller
rhythm.
nationalism
1836
Poland
1836
Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
mazurkas and polonaises
Schumann
cannon buried in flowers
Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Barbara Milewski
Micha Kleofas Ogiski and Franciszek Lessel
patronizing
intuitive
freedom
polonaise and mazurka
Arthur Hutchings
Liszt and Henri Herz
Paris
Arthur Hutchings
Carnaval
Ballade No. 2 in F major
six
Alkan
pianist and composer
Carnaval
Ballade No. 2 in F major
Liszt
Debussy
Jacques Durand
Raoul Koczalski
Karol Mikuli
Mainland Chinese scholars
horses
1402–1424
Sakya
Karma Kagyu school
Nepal
Tibetans
Mongols
Ganden Phodrang regime
1578
9th century
821
fixed the borders between Tibet and China
Tang China
821
907–960
960–1279
the Song dynasty
Khitan
Jurchen
Mongol ruler Genghis Khan
gedei Khan
1229–1241
gedei Khan
Godan
Sakya Pandita
Töregene Khatun
1241–1246
thirteen
Khagan
gedei Khan
Karma Pakshi
Phagpa lama
1279
1271–1368
Kublai Khan
universal rule
Kublai Khan
1358
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
Phagmodrupa Dynasty
Zhu Yuanzhang
Red Turban Rebellion
Zhu Yuanzhang
1368–1398
Karmapa
Rolpe Dorje
Rolpe Dorje
the Buddhist link between Tibet and China
4th Karmapa Lama
Ming
1402–1424
Morris Rossabi
1644–1912
"Ü-Tsang Itinerant High Commandery" and "Amdo-Kham Itinerant High Commandery"
É-L-S Army-Civilian Marshal Office
seventeen Qianhu offices
"Ü-Tsang Itinerant High Commandery" and "Amdo-Kham Itinerant High Commandery"
three Princes of Dharma
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
Turrell V. Wylie
Tibet
Morris Rossabi
Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa
Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain
Wang and Nyima
1371
princes
ex-Yuan officials
Thomas Laird
Mongol khans
Wang and Nyima
A Mongol dynasty of China
the line of Mongol rulers in China
Thomas Laird
Rossabi
1271 to 1368
1311–1320
licensed border market
Mongols
the Ming
General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office
Ü-Tsang Commanding Office
Beijing
Chen Qingying
1,000 households
10,000 households
John Powers
ruling lamas
no Tibetan ruler ever explicitly accepted the role of being a vassal of the Ming.
Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan
"Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions
Education Minister
Degsi
the Yuan imperial court and the Phagmodrupa Dynasty
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
Central-local government relation."
Changchub Gyaltsen
Van Praag
University of Washington
Mongol suzerainty
Sagya Gyaincain
Ming officer of Hezhou
Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen
Ming officer of Hezhou
sent envoys to the Ming court
1642
1434
1642
1642
Karmapa Kargyu
Mongol
Je Tsongkhapa
Je Tsongkhapa
Je Tsongkhapa
1407
1413
Chosrje Shkya Yeshes
Chosrje Shkya Yeshes
Dawa Norbu
the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibetan princes
Mongols
Mongols
Yang Sanbao
Yang Sanbao
Yang Sanbao
various Tibetan princes
Yang Sanbao
Ming
1430s
Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu
History of Ming
Phagmodru myriarchy
Mongol Yuan
1435–1565
Mongol Yuan
1565–1642
1398–1402
Yao Guangxiao
Hongwu Emperor
March 10, 1403
Zhi Guang
the Karmapa
1407
Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan
1403
Nanjing
came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa
Kublai Khan
the Yongle Emperor
twenty-two days
Nanjing
Great Treasure Prince of Dharma
religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects
Deshin Shekpa
strictly for religious purposes
to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools
to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools
Deshin Shekpa
Jianwen Emperor
Deshin Shekpa
Marsha Weidner
the fifth Karmapa
Buddhist artifacts
Buddhist artifacts which symbolized "the religious nature of the relationship."
1435–1449
Zhengtong
Zhengtong
Great Treasure Prince of Dharma
Ming court
the Karmapa hierarchs
1446
1415
Karmapa
Yangzi and Mekong
tea, horses, and salt
Yunnan
horses
silk
silk
Van Praag
a mandatory "corvée" tax
Tibet
Altan Khan
Altan Khan
Mongols
Altan Khan
Hongwu Emperor
Mu Ying
30,000
30,000
Qu Neng
Ordos region
Mongols
Ming China
stabilize border regions and protect trade routes
divide-and-rule
the Sakya regime had fallen
the fifth Karmapa
giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas
Phagmodrupa
1498
New Years ceremonies and prayers
1518
1505–1521
Zhengde Emperor
Mikyö Dorje
Manchu Qing dynasty
China's intervening Ming dynasty
13th century
the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion during the 18th century
Qing
the Chinese central government
Mongol khans
Republic of China and its Communist successors
California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco
Mongols
patron and priest
13th century
Ming
1981
Ming
the central government of China
1521–1567
Daoism
Tibetan lamas
Yang Tinghe
Yang Tinghe
Jiajing
Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism and lamas
Jiajing
Altan Khan
Altan Khan
Altan Khan
1571
Amdo
shamanism and blood sacrifice
Gelug
Gelug
Mongol princes
Committed to their religious leader
Tümen Khan
great-grandson of Altan Khan
the 5th Dalai Lama
1642
Sonam Gyatso
Altan Khan
Zhang Juzheng
Zhang Juzheng
Mongolia
third Dalai Lama
by allowing him to pay tribute
1587
Qing
Qing
Master of Vajradhara
the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso
1616
the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso
died
Mongols
Mongols
1642
the Ming court
1565
Karma Phuntsok Namgyal
1611–1621
Karmapa
The fourth Dalai Lama
Güshi Khan
protector
Güshi Khan
1637–1640
1642
Lozang Gyatso
Lozang Gyatso
presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama
Sonam Chöpel
Lozang Gyatso
Shun
Mukden
Lozang Gyatso
Kangxi Emperor
Kangxi Emperor
1720
1751
1735–1796
multi-purpose pocket computers
October 23, 2001
three
multi-purpose pocket computers
three
October 23, 2001
multi-purpose pocket computers
3
iPod Shuffle
July 15, 2015
external data storage
128 GB
128 GB
128 GB
128 GB
128 GB
128 GB
Apple's iTunes
Apple's iTunes
Apple's iTunes
Music and Videos
Music and Videos
iOS 5
middle of 2010
separate apps named "Music" and "Videos"
A8
A8
A8
2015
A8
5
2001
2004
Jon Rubinstein
Braun T3 transistor radio
5 GB
2001
5 GB
the Walkman of the twenty-first century"
Jon Rubinstein
Toshiba disk drive
Pixo
Espy
2007
Helvetica
Steve Jobs
PortalPlayer
Helvetica
2006
U2
black
33 minutes
U2
black
2006
Burst.com
Kane Kramer
Kane Kramer
1981
IXI
Burst.com
IXI
Kane Kramer
Vinnie Chieco
freelance copywriter
2001: A Space Odyssey
Joseph N. Grasso
2005
2001: A Space Odyssey
Vinnie Chieco
Joseph N. Grasso
mid-2015
Pierre Dandumont
12.2
12.2
Pierre Dandumont
weak bass response
when using high-impedance headphones
external headphone amplifier
weak
low-impedance
distortion
R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster
clipping
2006
R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster
concerns about hearing loss
100 dB
100 dB
France
100 dB
France
FireWire
a power adapter
FireWire
30-pin
30-pin dock connector
fifth
fourth
3.5 mm
30-pin
3.5 mm
30-pin
30-pin
iPod Hi-Fi
Belkin and Griffin
dock connector
proprietary
Belkin
iPod Hi-Fi
Lightning
iPhone 5, the fifth generation iPod Touch, and the seventh generation iPod Nano
30
8
pins
Lightning
September 12, 2012
the iPod Hi-Fi
Nike+iPod pedometer
Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation
FM radio
Nike +iPod pedometer
Apple
BMW
2005
Scion
BMW
Scion
independent stereo manufacturers
adapter kits
audio input jacks
adapter kits
audio input jacks
United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates
individual seat-back displays
KLM and Air France
United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates
2007
Apple Lossless
JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG
WMA
WMA
Mac OS
Apple Lossless
JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG
one
Song ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library
one host computer
click wheel
click wheel
earphone cable
3.5"
iPhone
click wheel
the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle
iPhone
April 29, 2003
The iTunes Store
October 12, 2005
September 12, 2006
April 29, 2003
October 12, 2005
September 12, 2006
FairPlay DRM
Up to five authorized computers and an unlimited number of iPods
iTunes Plus
January 6, 2009
April 2009
FairPlay DRM
FairPlay DRM
iTunes Plus
January 6, 2009
Napster and MSN Music
protected WMA
DRM
Universal Music Group
Universal Music Group
July 3, 2007
The Beat Goes On...
September 5, 2007
September 5, 2007
an iPhone or an iPod Touch
various versions of iPods
Brick
Steve Wozniak
Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz
Brick
Brick
Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz
September 2006
iTunes 7
6th and 5th generation
6th and 5th generation
September 2006
fifth generation
Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft
video game handheld console market
GamePro and EGM
.ipg
.ipg
a software development kit (SDK)
clickwheel-based
.ipg
only with the iOS on the iPod Touch and iPhone
a software development kit (SDK)
iTunes
iTunes
iTunes
iTunes 7 and above
iTunes 7 and above
hidden
host operating system
manual
2005
Advanced Audio Devices
online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch
Ho Keung Tse
Advanced Audio Devices
FairPlay
rotational user inputs
August 2005
Creative Technology
Zen Patent
United States International Trade Commission
rotational user inputs
Creative Technology
August 24, 2006
$100 million
iPod accessories
$100 million
Made for iPod program
over 90%
October 2004
72.7%
Bloomberg Online
over 90%
over 90%
74%
January 8, 2004
Hewlett-Packard (HP)
Wal-Mart
5%
unfavorable terms and conditions
HP
hundred million
32%
Mac computers
$5.2 billion
April 9, 2007
32%
$6.22 billion
30.69%
$3.5 billion
$15.4 billion
$3.5 billion
January 22, 2008
$1.58 billion
42%
42%
Peter Oppenheimer
Phil Schiller
14.21%
220 million
decreased
fourth best computer product
looks, clean design, and ease of use.
Sony Ericsson and Nokia
WMA
PC World
Sony Ericsson and Nokia
PC World
business
business communication and training
Royal and Western Infirmaries
Glasgow, Scotland
Duke University
Entertainment Weekly
Duke University
Entertainment Weekly
the end of the Album Era
accelerating shifts within the music industry
the end of the Album Era
the end of the Album Era
14 hours
less than 8 hours
2003
advertised battery life
less than 8 hours
batteries
refurbished replacement iPod
lithium-ion batteries
batteries
lithium-ion batteries
battery replacement
$99
soldering tools
adhesive.
November 14, 2003
$99
iPod Nano
flawed battery
Apple product replacement program
alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives
13.7%
13.7%
late 2005
protective sleeves
above 20%
scratched
15-hour
Apple's Code of Conduct
25
15-hour
25%
Verité
Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group
Foxconn
All-China Federation of Trade Unions,
Foxconn
Verité
December 31, 2006
2010
an Apple prototype
2010
innovation
can function in "disk mode" as mass storage devices to store data files
FAT32
Twilight Princess
Twilight Princess
November 2006
December 2006
Twilight Princess
November 2005
November 2006
Link
Hyrule
Midna
Link
Midna
The Wind Waker
Game of the Year
Nintendo Selects
March 2016
Twilight Princess
Game of the Year
2006
March 2016
combat, exploration, and item collection
Ocarina of Time
L-targeting
Clawshot
Clawshot
Twilight Princess
Ocarina of Time
Clawshot
L-targeting
context-sensitive
context-sensitive
place the rock on the ground
context-sensitive
context-sensitive
Wii Remote
chime
Wii Remote
Nunchuk
"lookaround"
built-in speaker
Wii Remote
nine
enemies
a large overworld
Epona
puzzles
a boss
a large overworld
Wolf Link"
biting
Poes
Midna
Epona
Wolf Link"
imp-like creature
imp-like creature
artificial intelligence
The Wind Waker
arrows or slingshot pellets
artificial intelligence
arrows or slingshot pellets
nods and facial expressions
Midna
Akiko Kmoto
Japan
gasps
nods and facial expressions
Midna
Akiko Kmoto
Twilight Princess
carry off the village's children
Midna
Tears of Light
Ordon Village
Bulblins
Tears of Light
Fused Shadows
Zant
Master Sword
Bringing a dying Midna to Zelda
Zoras of Lanayu
Fused Shadows
Zant
Master Sword
Bringing a dying Midna to Zelda
Shadow Crystal
Mirror of Twilight
Ganondorf
Hyrule Castle
Ganondorf
Shadow Crystal
Gerudo Desert
Mirror of Twilight
Ganondorf
by possessing Zelda's body and eventually by transforming into a beast
Midna's helmet
Hyrule Castle
Ganondorf
plunges the Master Sword into his chest
Zelda and the Light Spirits
Ganondorf
Midna's helmet
Mirror of Twilight
2003
Game Developers Conference
its cartoon appearance
horseback combat
2003
Eiji Aonuma
horseback combat
realistic horseback riding,[l]
Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004
Nintendo DS
Phantom Hourglass
Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004
Mitsuhiro Takano
The Minish Cap
Revolution
Miyamoto
Mitsuhiro Takano
the Wii Remote
pointing-based
2005
Satoru Iwata
2005
Nintendo DS
E3 2005
Nintendo DS
E3 2005
swinging
Aonuma
Wii controller
2006
a month
Aonuma
2006
the difficulty of the control scheme
sword
gestures—something E3 attendees had commented
right
comfort and ease
Toru Minegishi and Asuka Ohta
Koji Kondo
Michiru shima
Koji Kondo
Michiru shima
Yasuzo Takemoto
orchestral music
50
November 19, 2006
a Nintendo Power promotion
orchestral music
November 19, 2006
a Nintendo Power promotion
an exploit known as the "Twilight Hack"
properly designed save file
Versions 3.3 and 3.4
Twilight Hack
Versions 3.3 and 3.4
Versions 3.3 and 3.4
Tantalus Media
Wii U
November 12, 2015
March 5, 2016
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD
Tantalus Media
Tantalus Media
March 4, 2016
Wolf Link Amiibo figurine
Ganondorf
Ganondorf
Ganondorf
Cave of Shadows
Wolf Link
Cave of Shadows
Ganondorf
Ganondorf
20
20
Japan, Europe, and Australia
20
1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy.
GameRankings and Metacritic
GameTrailers
Twilight Princess
1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy.
95
GameTrailers
blurry textures
GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann
GameSpot
Javier Glickman
Hyper
blurry textures
Gaming Nexus
Javier Glickman
Twilight Princess
16th
4th
third
Nintendo Power
Best Console Game
16th
4th
Twilight Princess
1.32 million
1.32 million
PAL region
1.32 million
1.32 million
Akira Himekawa
Japan
Shogakukan
MangaOne
Eon Productions
Daniel Craig
Spectre
Skyfall
most expensive
twenty-four
Spectre
four
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures
Sam Mendes
Spectre
Diamonds Are Forever
Max Denbigh
Max Denbigh
Lucia Sciarra
Max Denbigh
Max Denbigh
Max Denbigh
1971
26 October 2015
Royal Albert Hall in London
6 November 2015
action sequences and cinematography
Golden Globe
Skyfall
Writing's on the Wall
Mexico City
M
C
Nine Eyes
Garreth Mallory
Mexico City
MI5 and MI6
ring
Rome
Spectre
Franz Oberhauser
assassin
Moneypenny
Rome
Franz Oberhauser
Mr. Hinx
Franz Oberhauser
thallium poisoning
Dr. Madeline Swann
commits suicide
Hoffler Klinik
Tangier
thallium poisoning.
Dr. Madeline Swann
Tangier.
Hinx.
thrown off the train
Hannes
Ernst Stavro Blofeld
Ernst Stavro Blofeld
the old MI6 building
Blofeld
Westminster Bridge
Nine Eyes
Q
Nine Eyes
SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion
Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory
1963
Never Say Never Again
Warhead 2000 A.D.
1963
Never Say Never Again
over the film rights to the novel Thunderball.
MGM
SPECTRE
Eon Productions
MGM
MGM
MGM
Danjaq
Sony Pictures Entertainment
Sony Pictures Entertainment
John Logan
Eon Productions
November 2014
John Logan
Eon Productions
Christoph Waltz
1983
Quantum of Solace
Quantum of Solace
Octopussy
Charmian Bond
Octopussy
Christoph Waltz.
Quantum of Solace
Spectre
Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques
Kingsley Amis
The Hildebrand Rarity
For Your Eyes Only
Blofeld
Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques
December 2014
Ralph Fiennes
Daniel Craig
Daniel Craig
Bill Tanner
four
Bill Tanner
Daniel Craig
Franz Oberhauser
Ernst Stavro Blofeld
Bérénice Lim Marlohe
Quantum of Solace
fifty
Bérénice Lim Marlohe
Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace.
over fifteen hundred
Detlef Bothe
Detlef Bothe
over fifteen hundred
Mexico
Austria.
Detlef Bothe
Estrella
Skyfall
Dennis Gassner
Roger Deakins
Skyfall and Spectre
Skyfall and Spectre
Skyfall and Spectre
Skyfall
six
London, Mexico City and Rome
Kodak 35 mm
Pinewood Studios
seven months.
Kodak 35 mm film stock
Pinewood Studios
December 2014
February 2015
Ice Q Restaurant
sprained his knee
Ice Q Restaurant
a private medical clinic in the Austrian Alps.
Austria
Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum
Williams
Aston Martin DB10
four independent electric engines
Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire
Blenheim Palace
Jaguar C-X75
Williams
engineering division of Formula One racing
Day of the Dead
Day of the Dead
Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district
1,500
aerial manoeuvres
Day of the Dead
a sequence involving a fight aboard a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter
Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district
knee
22 April
knee
Lambeth Bridges
The London Fire Brigade
17 May 2015
Vauxhall Cross
Lambeth Bridges
The London Fire Brigade
at a restaurant in Covent Garden.
at night
Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud
Largest film stunt explosion
Chris Corbould
128 days
Morocco
Largest film stunt explosion
128
Chris Corbould
$20 million
Michael G. Wilson
India
Istanbul
Thomas Newman
Decca Records
Decca Records
Thomas Newman
Decca Records
Rather than composing the score once the film had moved into post-production, Newman worked during filming.
July 2015
Writing's on the Wall
under half an hour
a demo
Jimmy Napes
25 September 2015
Skyfall
Shirley Bassey
Radiohead
Adele
Shirley Bassey
Radiohead
Aston Martin and Eon
December 2014
Williams F1
promotional work
December 2014
Williams F1
clapperboards
Skyfall
clapperboards
Skyfall
David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers
BBC One
July
March 2015
David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers
David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers
Royal Albert Hall
26 October 2015
Skyfall
Paramount Pictures
Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre.
$199.8 million
$199.8 million
$199.8 million
£41.7 million ($63.8 million)
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
Avatar
$9.2 million
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
Avatar
The Dark Knight
13 November
$4.8 million
$4.1 million
$22.45 million
$4.1 million
four weeks
$9.1 million
$70.4 million
$5.25 million
Skyfall
$9.1 million
$5.25 million
$15 million
198%
$12.1 million
$84.7 million
$15 million
$84.7 million
60 out of 100
60
64%
CinemaScore
64
60 out of 100
The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin
IGN
four out of five stars
four
Scott Mendelson
Mick LaSalle
2.5
2.5
Christopher Orr
Bored
The Washington Post
Bored, James Bored
kissing scenes
Twitter.
Christoph Waltz
spring 2016
spring 2016.
69,197
the Great Sichuan earthquake
69,197
69,197
8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw
69,197
69,197
69,197
Beijing and Shanghai
80 kilometres (50 mi)
aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6,
Wenchuan earthquake
Wenchuan County, Sichuan
80 kilometres (50 mi)
80 kilometres (50 mi)
69,197
69,197
4.8 million
15 million
1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion)
69,197
69,197
69,197
4.8 million
11 million
Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
2 minutes
80%
8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw
2 minutes
80%
Longmenshan fault
Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate
120 sec
10 km
Longmenshan fault
Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture
120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec.
9 meters
April 30, 2008
1972
Geng Qingguo
Geng Qingguo
May 8
Premier Zhou Enlai
the Seismological Bureau had received reports predicting the earthquake
240 km
Tom Parsons
240 km
240 km
240 km long by 20 km deep
greater than 3 meters
high risk
over 6,000 people
two stages
Yuji Yagi
shallowness of the epicenter and the density of population
30 times
firmness of the terrain
Between 64 and 104
within 72 hours of the main quake.
August 5, 2008
Between 64 and 104
42,719
6.4 MS
42,719
August 5, 2008
Ms 6.1
Ms 6.1
it was caused by a different fault.
2008 Panzhihua earthquake
Ms 6.1
Ms 6.1
2008 Panzhihua earthquake
European Macroseismic Scale
European Macroseismic Scale
very destructive
very disastrous
Yingxiu, Wenchuan
Longmen Shan Fault System
4.8 metres
2 metres (6 ft 7 in)
2 metres (6 ft 7 in)
2 metres (6 ft 7 in)
Longmen Shan Fault System
Longmen Shan Fault System
4.8 metres
4.8 metres
4.8 metres
Shanghai's financial district
calm
10 minutes
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
May 12
evacuated
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
disruption in air traffic services
the airport began to be used as a staging area for relief operations
cracks
media offices
Hui County, Gansu
13 petrol tanks
cracks
media offices
None
Hui County, Gansu
the rail was distorted
highways
80%
Dujiangyan
900
highways
highways
80%
two chemical plants
900
companies based in southwestern China
Copper
Copper
Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange
companies based in southwestern China
Copper
Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange
internet capabilities
internet capabilities
Elements of telecommunications
internet capabilities
internet capabilities
Elements of telecommunications
a handful
a handful
more than 2,300
China Unicom's
more than 2,300
power disruption or severe telecommunication traffic congestion
Half
China Unicom
China Unicom's
Wolong National Nature Reserve
280
31
80
Wolong National Nature Reserve
Six
a mother of five
Mao Mao
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant
2,000
391
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant
less severe
Tulong reservoir
391
68,636
68,636
68,636
68,636
68,636
68,636
68,636
68,636
68,636
they tried to repair roads
2,300
2,300
about 9,000
80%
80%
2,300
about 9,000
80%
80%
Eight
Health care
Vice Minister of Health Gao Qiang
public health care system in China is insufficient
neglected
Health care
insufficient
the government
thousands
1,700
1,700
7,000
700
shoddy construction
1,700
1,700
7,000
600
December 2008
May 7, 2009
5,335
5,335
May 7, 2009
Ai Weiwei
5,335
5,335
fertility clinics
at least 5 million
11 million
12.5 million
1 million
at least 5 million
11 million
12.5 million animals
a million pigs
Reginald DesRoches
China did not create an adequate seismic design code
China did not create an adequate seismic design code
Tangshan earthquake
engineers
to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings
many constructions failed to withstand
engineers
to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings
many constructions failed to withstand
poorer, rural villages
Swaminathan Krishnan
assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics
they were not designed
very strong building codes
regulations
$75 billion
five
US$75 billion
one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history
five
63
6.0 Mw
6.0 Mw
63
63
Qingchuan, Sichuan
more than 90,000
1.94 million
1.94 million
1,300
more than 90,000
more than 90,000
1.94 million
1.94 million
1.94 million
Premier Wen Jiabao
geomechanics
to oversee the rescue work
50,000
Premier Wen Jiabao,
ten
50,000
rough terrain and close proximity of the quake's epicenter
Level II emergency contingency plan
natural disasters
May 12
Level II
The National Disaster Relief Commission
Level II
The National Disaster Relief Commission
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
Armed Police General Hospital
184
China Digital Times
Book Blade
China Digital Times
Book Blade
Children's Day
relief centres
ceremonies
many parents went to the rubble of schools
June 1
relief centres
more than $48.6 million
10 million yuan
48.6 million
10 million yuan
May 16
May 16
May 16
€8,000,000
€8,000,000
83 million
€8,000,000
May 16
counterpart support plan
3 years
counterpart support plan
one province to one affected county
3 years
one percent
violent rupture
Zipingpu Dam
25 times more
warnings
warnings
seismological and geological data
earthquake predictions
2008 Sichuan earthquake
time prediction method
Strachimir Mavrodiev
earthquake prediction was a global issue
no proven methods exist
earthquake prediction was a global issue
no prediction notification
Gary Gibson
2002
Chen Xuezhong
Chen Xuezhong
2002
Chen Xuezhong
over 30 years
over 30 years
Earthquake prediction
statistics
Earthquake prediction
Taipei Fire Department
five days without food and water
traffic problem
cash
it had not been possible to reach roads that were completely damaged or places that were blocked off by landslides
4000 m above sea level
Persistent heavy rain and landslides
20 helicopters
15,600
3,000
15
Persistent heavy rain and landslides
20 helicopters
15,600
3,000
around 9,000
90 helicopters
Premier Wen Jiabao
Premier Wen Jiabao
over 150
over 150
Premier Wen Jiabao
the civil aviation industry
Premier Wen Jiabao
Tzu Chi Foundation
Tzu Chi Foundation
May 13
Tzu Chi Foundation
international
quake
100 tons
17:00 CST, May 15
May 16
100 tons
100 tons
100 tons
15:00 CST
100 tons
satellite images
Chinese authorities
135,000
May 16
satellite images
tents and generators
135,000
The Internet
Xinhua
to find the blind spots of disaster recovery
Wenchuan
The Internet
Xinhua
student
Volunteers
May 31
a moment of silence
Beichuan county seat
three days
a moment of silence
a state earthquake relic museum
several concerts
to remind people of the terrible disaster
blood
$159 million
mainland China
blood
people from all over mainland China,
$159 million
$159 million
557
557
557
Wenchuan County
30,000
557
Amity Foundation
30,000
those left homeless
Amity Foundation
over 7,000
tofu-dregs schoolhouses
over 7,000
over 7,000
tofu-dregs schoolhouses
no further outstanding fines
The Giving of Love
Bai Yansong
1.5 billion Chinese Yuan
$1.57 million
Promise
The Giving of Love
US$208 million
The Giving of Love
1.57
Promise
This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards
Chinese government
the Chinese media has lived up to international standards
Los Angeles Times
Tangshan earthquake
quake lakes
34
34
7.9
large landslides
quake lakes
34
Entire villages had to be evacuated
Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan
by foot or air
Mount Tangjia
more than 200,000
the dam bursting
Mount Tangjia
Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan
1,200
the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions
the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions
Mao Zedong
May 19, 2008
Cars and trucks
the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions
The Ningbo Organizing Committee
The Ningbo Organizing Committee
The Ningbo Organizing Committee
The Ningbo Organizing Committee
a minute of silence
a minute of silence
black and white
advertisements
various gaming sites
crowds spontaneously burst out cheering various slogans, including "Long Live China".
Macau
Ye Zhiping
proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened
2,323
400,000 yuan
Ye Zhiping
2,323
An County
three-year
ten
safety checks
ten
professional crime
safety checks
ten
money
riot police
government officials in Beijing and Sichuan
To limit protests
money
threatened
stop reporting on school collapses
Liu Shaokun
inciting subversion
Sichuan school teacher
inciting subversion
travelled to the Shifang, taken photos of collapsed school buildings, and put them online
in a media interview
one year of re-education through labor
Hong Kong-based English newspaper
January 2010
Hong Kong-based English newspaper
UNICEF
offering condolences and assistance
May 14
UNICEF
magnitude of the quake
$214,000 and $71,000
$26 million
10.7 billion yuan
Chinese public
Yao Ming
26 million
swift and very efficient
openness
Burma's secretive response
Burma's secretive response
Francis Marcus
live earthquake footage
live earthquake footage
suspended
Myanmar
the school construction scandal
response to the quake
cutting corners
yet to receive any reports
censors
state-controlled
propaganda bureau
state-controlled
thin iron wires
thin iron wires
supervising agencies
corrupt government officials
corrupt government officials
not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest
the Times
lost their only child
New York
New York
New York
New York
New York City
New York City
five
1898
8,491,079
8,491,079
23.6
five
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island
1898
8,491,079
800
1624
1624
1785 until 1790
1664
1785 until 1790
1624
1626
1664
1785 until 1790
56 million
469
Financial District of Lower Manhattan
120
New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ
Long Island and Staten Island
Wisconsinan glaciation
1,000 feet
Lenapehoking
La Dauphine
Giovanni da Verrazzano
La Dauphine
"Nouvelle Angoulême"
Nouvelle Angoulême
La Dauphine
La Dauphine
"Nouvelle Angoulême"
1525
Estêvo Gomes
Portuguese
Charles V
La Anunciada
Rio de San Antonio
Padrón Real
Henry Hudson
Dutch East India Company
1614
ten
North River
Dutch East India Company
1614
Henry Hudson
trapping for pelts and trading with the local population
Jan Rodrigues
Dominican
Juan Rodriguez Way
trapping for pelts and trading with the local population
Dominican
159th Street to 218th Street
Governors Island
Manhattan Island
1625
$24
$24
1624
1625
$24 worth of glass beads
New York
King James II
Peter Stuyvesant
the English
1664
Peter Stuyvesant
Prince of Orange, King William III
August 24, 1673
New Orange
1674
Anthonio Colve
Anthonio Colve
Prince of Orange, King William III
Second Anglo-Dutch War
200
Dutch control of Run
200
Second Anglo-Dutch War
42%
Charleston, South Carolina
Foley Square
tens of thousands
Charleston, South Carolina
1990s
John Peter Zenger
John Peter Zenger
1754
King George II
King George II
John Peter Zenger
1754
October 1765
Battle of Long Island
Brooklyn
August 1776
10,000
1783
Battle of Long Island
Brooklyn
1783
September 11, 1776
the Conference House
about a quarter
West Side of Lower Manhattan
Trinity Church
the Conference House
about a quarter
1785
George Washington
Supreme Court of the United States
Federal Hall on Wall Street
Philadelphia
Congress of the Confederation
Congress of the Confederation
1789
1790
1799
Manhattan
New York Manumission Society
1827
more than 16,000
1799
1827
Commissioners' Plan
Erie Canal
Tammany Hall
Irish and German
Erie Canal
Central Park
1857
1857
The Great Irish Famine
Over 200,000
Over 200,000
25%
25%
The Great Irish Famine
Over 200,000
Mayor Fernando Wood
Draft Riots
Draft Riots
120
below 10,000
more than 200
1898
1904
Bronx
1904
1904
1,021
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
36,620
The Harlem Renaissance
36,620
London
10 million
Fiorello La Guardia
Fiorello La Guardia
10 million
1952
United Nations Headquarters
United Nations Headquarters
United Nations Headquarters
the Stonewall Inn
the Stonewall Inn
June 28, 1969
Lower Manhattan
the Stonewall Inn
Lower Manhattan
2000
2000
Silicon Alley
1990s
1970s
1970s
71
71
71
July 19, 1909
541.3
July 19, 1909
71
71
September 17, 2011
Occupy Wall Street
Occupy Wall Street
Occupy Wall Street
September 17, 2011
William F. Buckley, Jr.
1955
Donald Trump
ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values"
southeastern
southeastern
Washington, D.C. and Boston
a naturally sheltered harbor
Hudson River
a naturally sheltered harbor
Atlantic Ocean
Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.
New Jersey
The Harlem River
The Bronx River
New York Bay
Troy, New York
New Jersey
The Bronx River
The Harlem River
Battery Park City
468.9 square miles
304.8 sq mi (789 km2)
304.8 sq mi (789 km2)
Todt Hill
Staten Island
468.9 square miles
304.8 sq mi (789 km2)
304.8 sq mi (789 km2)
Todt Hill
Todt Hill
Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House
Brooklyn
One World Trade Center
Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House
1656
One World Trade Center
5,937
Hong Kong
5,937
1913
50
Hong Kong
5,937
1931
Art Deco
eagles
Seagram Building
The Condé Nast Building
eagles
1931
1930
Bronx
Brooklyn
Queens
1870 to 1930
Tudor Revival and Victorian
elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements
the Great Fire of 1835
six
Jackson Heights
Stone and brick
wooden roof-mounted water towers
July 2014
four
hundreds
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx
humid subtropical climate
234
234
humid continental climate
January
humid subtropical climate
234
USDA 7b
prevailing wind patterns
0.3
72%
exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 17 days each summer
July 9, 1936
106 °F
February 9, 1934
July 9, 1936
1,270
66
October 29, 2012
49.9 inches
flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas
25.8 inches
New York City Department of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and the New York City Department of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
National Park Service
Minneapolis
The Trust for Public Land
Minneapolis
10,521.83
Gateway National Recreation Area
Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden
Jacob Riis Park
Gateway National Recreation Area
Gateway National Recreation Area
The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum
Grant's Tomb
the Stonewall Inn
modern gay rights movement
The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum
New Jersey
New Jersey
the Stonewall Inn
Grant's Tomb
seven
28
21
seven
seven
28,000
28,000
Pelham Bay Park
1,093
28,000
28,000
Pelham Bay Park
Pelham Bay Park
Fort Hamilton
1825
1825
North Atlantic Division
1179th Transportation Brigade
Fort Hamilton
1825
1825
Queens
8,491,079
Los Angeles
316,000
40%
40%
8,491,079
Los Angeles
40
27,858
27,673
Hudson County
25.5%
25.5%
28.6%
28.6%
3
44
Civil War
28.6%
25.5
12 million
Lower East Side
Germans
92%
Irish
12 million
18
37%
Dominican Republic
Bangladeshi
China
37
Queens
Chinese
6.3%
Queens
0.3%
2.7 million
550,000
137,000
65,000
Bronx
2.7 million
New York City
1.5 million
20%
4.8 million
20%
1.3 million
Dominican Republic
Egypt
El Salvador
Ecuador
568,903
June 24, 2011
June 24, 2011
568,903
June 24, 2011
June 24, 2011
59%
33%
1.1 million
Brooklyn
between 600,000 and 1,000,000
1.1 million
Judaism
Brooklyn
24
between 600,000 and 1,000,000
0.6
0.5 for the city overall and 0.6 for Manhattan
Michael R. Bloomberg
4.6%
$2,749
2,749
0.6
Silicon Alley
The Atlantic
2014
2012
One out of ten
FDi Magazine
US$914.8 billion
Time Warner Center
$1,589
$15,887
six
Time Warner Center
660 Madison Avenue
Madison Avenue
180,000
180,000
Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group,
180,000
Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group
Food processing
Food processing
Brooklyn
US$234 million
"Chocolate District"
Manhattan
US$234 million
US$234 million
Godiva
163,400
163,400
US$3.8 billion
US$360,700
163,400
163,400
Wall Street
165 Broadway
$40 billion
19%
British Bankers Association
Wall Street
165 Broadway
46.5
over 500 million square feet
over 500 million square feet
Manhattan
US$3 billion
US$3 billion
300,000
300,000
Cornell Tech
Cornell Tech
Cornell Tech
700,000 square feet
65,000
Cornell Tech
56.4 million
56.4 million
56.4 million
US$61.3 billion
56.4 million
56.4 million
I Love New York
I Love New York
Empire State Development
I Love New York
I Love New York
I Love New York
Greenwich Village
ice skating
Rockefeller Center
Summerstage
Queens
90,000
90,000
Anbang Insurance Group
US$1.95 billion
Waldorf Astoria New York
90,000
Anbang Insurance Group
1.95 billion
200
200
200
Los Angeles
Two
New York City
Seven
25,000
The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times
Two
Joseph Medill Patterson
Alexander Hamilton
25,000
25,000
2
The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times
Joseph Medill Patterson
CBS
NYCTV
MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central
Fox News
Manhattan Neighborhood Network
1971
WNET
WNYC
1997
Manhattan Neighborhood Network
1971
WNYC
New York City Department of Education
1,700
1,700
nine
1,700
nine
New York City Charter School Center
900
City University of New York
one out of four
one out of four
24
City University of New York
New York Public Library
Queens Borough Public Library
Queens Borough Public Library
Brooklyn Public Library
Manhattan
New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation
11
$6.7 billion
$6.7 billion
$6.7 billion
1969
11
Bellevue Hospital
Ramanathan Raju
Bellevue Hospital
Bellevue Hospital
Ramanathan Raju, MD
former CEO of the Cook County health system in Illinois
a surgeon
35,000
New York's Finest
35,000
35,000
New York's Finest
328
75%
Provo, Utah
500
328
95.9%
Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards
the Five Families
Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards
Black Spades
Tokyo Fire Department
five
New York's Bravest
five
Tokyo
11,080
11,080
New York's Bravest
subway
brush fires
9 MetroTech Center
Randalls Island
9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn
9 MetroTech Center
9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn
Randalls Island
11 Metrotech Center
1940s
1970s
Harlem Renaissance
hip hop
hip hop
hip hop
dance
New York Fashion Week
New York School
New York Fashion Week
Global Language Monitor
1880s
more than 2,000
electric lighting
song
more than 2,000
electric lighting
12.21 million
The Great White Way
US$1.27 billion
US$1.27 billion
12.21 million
11.57 million
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
falafel and kebabs
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
nearly one thousand
1882
MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field
Ebbets Field
1882
National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer
five
over forty
Baseball
73
Baseball
five
73
73
five
14
14
MetLife Stadium
2014
MetLife Stadium
MetLife Stadium
East Rutherford, New Jersey
MetLife Stadium
2014
New York Islanders
Newark
Newark, New Jersey
New York Islanders
New York Islanders
New York Knicks
New York Liberty
1938
New York Liberty
National Invitation Tournament
1938
New York Knicks
Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens
Millrose Games
Belmont Stakes
1932
Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves
Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens
United States Open Tennis Championships
37,866
Millrose Games
Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves
Stickball
the Bronx
the Bronx
New York City Subway
469
Grand Central Station
1.75 billion
Grand Central Station
38.4 minutes
54.6
22
54.6%
90%
38.4 minutes
52%
22%
Port Authority Bus Terminal
200,000
200,000
Port Authority Bus Terminal
John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport
Newark Liberty International Airport
John F. Kennedy International Airport
Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York
109 million
Staten Island Ferry
Staten Island Ferry
8.4
Staten Island Ferry
Staten Island Ferry
George Washington Bridge
The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
Brooklyn Bridge
1903
George Washington Bridge
George Washington Bridge
The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
neo-Gothic
1903
Lincoln Tunnel
1927
1940
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
120,000
120,000
tunnels
Jersey City
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
200,000
200,000
21%
Citibank
Quinnipiac University
2011
Catskill Mountains watershed
Catskill Mountains
US$3.2 billion
US$3.2 billion
US$3.2 billion
US$3.2 billion
unicameral
three
four-year
unicameral
three
The New York City Administrative Code, the New York City Rules, and the City Record
four
Democrats
67
Barack Obama
1924
Calvin Coolidge
Democratic
67%
1924
Calvin Coolidge
Republican
127
Roosevelt Island
127
one million
one million
one million
one-fifth
one-fifth
lead pollution
crack epidemic
Tom Wolfe
National Library of Australia
Baruch College
Iceland and Latvia
Upper West Side of Manhattan
Lincoln Square
Union Square
New York University
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute
82nd to 105th streets
Upper East Side of Manhattan
1959
2012
82nd to 105th streets
Brooklynese
Archie Bunker
Carroll O'Connor
New Yawk
New York City FC
Yankee Stadium
Harrison, New Jersey
Pelé
Hofstra University
two-thirds
Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station
Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station
AirTrain
Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station
Pennsylvania Station on the West Side of Manhattan
three
three
Copenhagen Metro
Port Authority Trans-Hudson
Second Avenue Subway
aerial tramway
Manhattan Island
theater
finance
advertising
national industries
rush hour
New York City
New York City
Long Island
Manhattan and Staten Island
Manhattan and Staten Island
Structural Expressionism
Queensboro Bridge
3,715
3,715
80%
Hearst Tower
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
6
110,000
Greenpoint oil spill
mayor-council
1898
Appellate Division
Appellate Division
executive agencies
Foley Square
District Court for the Eastern District of New York
Foley Square
District Court for the Eastern District of New York
Foley Square
Manhattan
10021
83 cents
$11 billion
83 cents
New York City Global Partners
2006
1960
Pulitzer Prize
Harper Lee
Harper Lee
1960
her family and neighbors
tolerance
racial injustice
racial injustice and the destruction of innocence
class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South
its use of racial epithets
Mary McDonough Murphy
2006
1962
1990
Robert Mulligan
British librarians
Horton Foote
Robert Mulligan
Monroeville, Alabama
February 2016
Go Set a Watchman
Go Set a Watchman
July 14, 2015
February 2016
Truman Capote
1950
reservation clerk
Monroeville, Alabama
1926
Truman Capote
Huntingdon College
Huntingdon College
J. B. Lippincott
Go Set a Watchman
Therese von Hohoff Torrey
Therese von Hohoff Torrey
mental illness
lawyer
Her father
July 11, 1960
two and a half years
Reader's Digest Condensed Books
Maycomb, Alabama
three years
two summers
Dill
Maycomb, Alabama
three years
Jean Louise Finch (Scout)
Mayella Ewell
Tom Robinson
shame the mob
Jem and Scout
the colored balcony
the colored balcony
shot and killed
Jem and Scout
the school Halloween pageant
Boo Radley
Atticus
Boo Radley
Bob Ewell
simply fell on his own knife
autobiography
1919
25
Monroeville
Scout
1960
In Cold Blood
Truman Capote
Underwood
apart people
Walter Lett
Walter Lett
Emmett Till
the Civil Rights Movement
to display Southern prejudices
Emmett Till
Satire and irony
parody, satire, and irony
Jem locks a Sunday school classmate in the church basement with the furnace
Calpurnia
ham
ham costume
coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel
Southern Gothic
Atticus
Miss Maudie
race and class
Claudia Durst Johnson
race relations
Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females
seventeen times
Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females
poor white farmers
seventeen
a rabid dog
Carolyn Jones
Calpurnia
Aunt Alexandra
Walter Cunningham
Jane Austen
individual worth
poor white trash'
gender and class
motives and behavior
morphine
Atticus
courage
Charles Shields
Charles Shields
Harper Lee
Mayella Ewell
Calpurnia and Miss Maudie
Calpurnia and Miss Maudie
Mrs. Dubose
feminist
Bob Ewell
Atticus
Boo Radley
Lawyers
frilly clothes
Songbirds
Finch
mockingbird
mockingbird
mockingbird
innocent and harmless
Book of the Month Club
Book of the Month Club
ten
more than 30 million
more than 30 million
more than 30 million
more than 30 million
Scout, Atticus, and Boo
Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Harper's sister Alice Lee
Scout, Atticus, and Boo
reason he became a lawyer
To Kill a Mockingbird
1997
Alabama State Bar
Lee
1963
21
1963
21
1966
rape
Mayella Ewell's
Little Black Sambo
racial
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Archulus Persons
Truman Capote
Alice
Truman Capote
Lippincott
1961
41
1962
1964
Pulitzer Prize
1964
2001
25
Richard M. Daley
Richard M. Daley
25
University of Notre Dame
George W. Bush
To Kill a Mockingbird
University of Notre Dame
George W. Bush
Gregory Peck
Gregory Peck
Gregory Peck
her father's pocketwatch
Peck's grandson
her father's pocketwatch
Peck's grandson
May 2005
national treasure
Christopher Sergel
1990
Monroeville
May
racially segregated
West Yorkshire Playhouse
Regent's Park Open Air Theatre
West Yorkshire Playhouse
July 14, 2015
1957
20
Tonja Carter
Go Set a Watchman
1957
20
rape and racial inequality
Atticus Finch
narration
flashback
Southerners
the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood
Southern romantic regionalism
fine folks
The South itself
Tom Robinson
Boo Radley
he was real nice
classical tragedy
The Chicago Sunday Tribune
Granville Hicks
Flannery O'Connor
William Faulkner
Jane Austen
Allen Barra
Akin Ajayi
Calpurnia
black students
classist stereotyping and demonization of poor rural "white trash"
every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality
an act of protest
Scripture
Mockingbird groupies
radiant light and heat from the Sun
radiant light and heat from the Sun
artificial photosynthesis
radiant light and heat from the Sun
174,000 terawatts
30%
150 to 300 watts per square meter
174,000 terawatts
30%
3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day
clouds, oceans and land masses
71
Sunlight
photosynthesis
71%
rises
clouds
amplifies convection
photosynthesis
3,850,000
more energy in one hour than the world used in one year
Photosynthesis
more energy in one hour than the world used in one year
3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year
Photosynthesis
coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined
in a direct or indirect way.
passive or active
passive or active
geothermal and tidal
direct or indirect
Active solar
Passive solar
solar thermal collectors
circulate air
Active solar technologies
Active solar technologies
Frank Shuman
Sun Power Company
1912
black pipes
1897
steam engine
Sun Power Company
1912
Maadi, Egypt
parabolic troughs
cheap oil
Maadi, Egypt
parabolic troughs
parabolic troughs
cheap oil
cheap oil
60 to 70
sunlight
60 to 70%
evacuated tube collectors
evacuated tube collectors
154 thermal gigawatt
Israel and Cyprus
154 thermal gigawatt
China
Israel and Cyprus
heating swimming pools
50
30% (4.65 EJ/yr)
30% (4.65 EJ/yr)
Solar
Thermal mass
heat
stone, cement and water
radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night
keep buildings cool
auxiliary heating and cooling equipment
solar chimney
solar chimney
a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building
greenhouses
their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter
Deciduous trees
1/3 to 1/2
interfere with winter solar availability
east and west sides
1767
direct light
cooking, drying and pasteurization
box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers
Horace de Saussure
90–150 °C (194–302 °F)
direct light
the Solar Total Energy Project
short payback period
parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors
the Solar Total Energy Project
to obtain salt from sea water
evaporation
preheating ventilation air
1872
Solar distillation
16th-century Arab alchemists
1872
22,700 L
single-slope
World Health Organization
fully overcast conditions
safe storage
Over two million
algae
to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity
algae
2050
2050
354 MW
less than 1%
354 MW
Mojave Desert of California
India
Charles Fritts
1954
mainstream electricity source
A solar cell
Charles Fritts
Dr Bruno Lange
Russell Ohl
fluid
lenses or mirrors
a heat source for a conventional power plant
Stirling dish
heated by the concentrated sunlight
Megaron House
orientation relative to the Sun
stay in a comfortable temperature range
Megaron House
pumps, fans and switchable windows
Urban heat islands
Los Angeles
Urban heat islands
asphalt and concrete
paint buildings and roads white and plant trees
fruit walls
grape presses
plants
timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties
fruit walls
keeping plants warm
cucumbers
exotic plants
convert solar light to heat
Greenhouses
Tiberius
exotic plants
3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi)
90.87 kilometres per hour
biannual solar-powered car race
1987
90.87 kilometres per hour
90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph)
North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge
1975
1975
Kenichi Horie
Kenichi Horie
Solar Riser
Solar Impulse
1974
29 April 1979
July 1981
Eric Scott Raymond
36 hours
hydrogen production from protons
Solar chemical processes
artificial photosynthesis
Solzinc
pure zinc
Hydrogen production technologies
concentrators
Solzinc
Thermal mass systems
Thermal mass systems
water, earth and stone
overall heating and cooling requirements
paraffin wax and Glauber's salt
"Dover House"
paraffin wax and Glauber's salt
64 °C or 147 °F
Dover House
they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems
1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh)
rechargeable batteries
rechargeable batteries
Net metering
whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes
both directions
hydroelectric power generator
when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one
hydroelectric power generator
1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis
1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis
Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan
SERI, now NREL
NEDO
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
1920s
20%
1890s
falling petroleum prices
20%
154 GW
urgent
urgent
ISO 9050
solar water heaters
ISO 9050
ISO 9050
passive solar or active solar
concentrated solar power
orienting a building to the Sun
559.8 EJ
1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ)
solar
1,575–49,837 exajoules
indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource
global warming
learning investments
keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise
cloud cover, and the land available to humans
areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation
follow the position of the sun
during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb
reduce the light available for solar cells
solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels
they can collect energy directly from their homes this way
insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans
1,575–49,837 EJ per year
conversion of sunlight into electricity
photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)
lenses or mirrors
to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam
photoelectric effect
Sunlight
Greeks and Chinese
Advanced solar architecture and urban planning
ordinary air
upward buoyancy force
toy
relatively high
scarce
increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum
2060
greenhouse gas emitters
Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire
Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
Sarazm
1991
1992 to 1997
Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire
1991
1992 to 1997
around 260,000
around 260,000
Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%)
Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign
clan loyalties
30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition
Emomali Rahmon
More than 500,000
Russian border troops
Dushanbe Airport
located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe
conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration.
the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison
Russia
November 2010
escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August
republic
Kokhir Rasulzoda
Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova
November 1994
People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament
independent press outlets remain restricted
severely suppressed
severely suppressed
avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru
Tajikistan
Pamir range
on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley
67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°)
Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys
a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe
the "Land of the Tajiks"
The suffix "-stan" (Persian:  -stn)
Turkic or Iranian
Tibetan empire and Chinese
Tibetan empire and Chinese
Samarkand and Bukhara
Khorasan
Tibetan empire and Chinese
Tibetan empire and Chinese
Tibetan empire and Chinese
Samarkand and Bukhara
Tibetan empire and Chinese
Samarkand and Bukhara
Khorasan
Khorasan
Tibetan empire and Chinese
710
Kara-Khanid Khanate
Samanid Empire
the late 19th century's Imperial Era
Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand
cotton
Russian Turkestan
the Emirate of Bukhara
an Islamic social movement throughout the region
pro-modernization
between 1910 and 1913
threat of forced conscription during World War I
basmachi
to maintain independence
mosques and villages
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity
Samarkand and Bukhara
the southern region
Between 1927 and 1934, collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place
forced resettlement
Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938)
nearly 10,000 people
Ethnic Russians
13%
first secretary
four seats in Parliament
corruptions the election process and unemployment
"these elections failed on many basic democratic standards."
The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people
Republic of Tajikistan
Republic of Tajikistan
143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi)
Kyrgyzstan
Wakhan Corridor
Kyrgyzstan
Republic of Tajikistan
Republic of Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
about 500 BCE
Achaemenid Empire
Alexander the Great
Yuezhi tribes
eighth century
Arabs
Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
9.6%
aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers
60%
Tajik Aluminum Company
Vakhsh
hydropower potential
Nurek Dam
Afghanistan
US$1.25 per day
$2.1 billion US dollars
cheap labor
Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances
opium poppy
US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities
heroin and raw opium
Tajikistani Drug Control Agency
roads, air, and rail.
Iran and Pakistan
1,300 km
2012
26 airports
Dushanbe International
regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia
Khorog Airport
70%
70%
70%
7,349,145
Tajikistanis
Pamiri
Pamiri
Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains
Sunni Islam
freedom of religion
Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon
98%
that minority religious groups undermine national unity
becoming active in the political sphere
Hizb ut-Tahrir
unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state
by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities
prayer site location
a physical structure
large fines and closure of place of worship
medical supplies
104,272
1%
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
11 years
11 years
76
17%
Anthropology
social anthropology
linguistic anthropology
social anthropology
United States
1870
1869
1902
1865
Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation
anthropological societies and associations
anthropological societies and associations
major theorists
48
48
late 19th and early 20th centuries
gender equality and sexual liberation
cross-cultural comparisons
19th-century racial ideology
cultural critiques
natural sciences
natural sciences
natural sciences
Classical Greece and Persia
cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies
structuralist and postmodern theories
1970s and 1990s
positivist
archaeology and biological anthropology
four
Sociocultural anthropology
Sociocultural anthropology
helps develop understanding of social structures, typically of others and other populations
overlap
Cultural anthropology
cultural relativism
methodology
Participant observation
emic
moderates reductionism in cross-cultural comparison
linguistic
patterns of consumption and exchange
kinship
linguistic
law and conflict resolution
Archaeology
patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices
past human groups
similar ways
cultural and material lives of past societies
Linguistic anthropology
sociocultural processes
Linguistic anthropology
narrative analysis
universality
do not exist
'aesthetic' qualities
1983
anthropology of culturally specific 'aesthetics'
Étienne Serres
Étienne Serres
Étienne Serres
France
Société Ethnologique de Paris
Anthropology
processes or laws unknown to them
processes or laws unknown to them then
On the Origin of Species
through comparison of species he had seen in agronomy and in the wild.
Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s.
social sciences
Paul Broca
Paul Broca
Transformisme
neurosurgeon
speech
Broca's area
psychology
six
the science of the nature of man
animist
comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology
empirical
ethnology
British ethnologists
Richard Francis Burton and the speech therapist James Hunt
Richard Francis Burton and the speech therapist James Hunt
Representatives from the French Société
Waitz
higher educational institutions
dozens
forensic archaeologist
forensic archaeologist to recreate the final scene
World Council of Anthropological Associations
ethnographic studies
ethnographic studies
1990s
contexts of media reception
cyber
Visual anthropology
visual representation
sandpaintings, tattoos, sculptures and reliefs, cave paintings, scrimshaw, jewelry, hieroglyphics, paintings and photographs
ethnographic film
Economic
Economic
economics
Bronislaw Malinowski
gift-giving exchange
Historical Materialism
colonialism
Hunter-gatherers
revolutionary wars
Industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism
Applied Anthropology
change or stability in specific cultural systems
change or stability in specific cultural systems
activism
activism
Anthropology of development
implications for the approach
alleviate poverty, is poverty increasing
gap
why does so much planned development fail
patterns of social relationships
related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and "fictive kinship".
Over its history
one's social relations during development
marriage
male
male
Feminist anthropologists
gender
birth anthropology
Nutritional anthropology
food security
globalization
overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development
Nutritional anthropology
Psychological anthropology
particular cultural group—with its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories—shape processes of human cognition, emotion, perception, motivation, and mental health.
its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories
a particular cultural group
models of cultural and social processes.
Cognitive anthropology
Cognitive anthropology
evolutionary biology
implicit knowledge
Political anthropology
structure of societies
1960s
"complex" social settings in which the presence of states, bureaucracies and markets entered both ethnographic accounts and analysis of local phenomena.
Geertz
a sub-focus group
1993
STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science
Donna Haraway
humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built, specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings.
Environmental anthropology
political ecology
culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more.
focus and data interpretation
Hyde Park
historical records
ethnic groups
both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation
documents and manuscripts
Practitioners
Urban anthropology
1960s
1960s
types of cities
types of cities
human–animal studies
Anthrozoology
disciplines
quantifying the positive effects of human-animal relationships on either party
anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy
Evolutionary anthropology
social science
biological and cultural evolution of humans, past and present
scientific
many lines of evidence
mutilation
mutilation
nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation
nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation
To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach
anthropologist
Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan
armed forces
intelligence
Cold War
the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state
codes of ethics or statements
Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA)
AAA
no secret research, no secret reports or debriefings of any kind should be agreed to or given
US military
Afghanistan
Counterinsurgency
Iraq
incompatibility of HTS with disciplinary ethics and practice for job seekers
human universals
human universals
into the field
traveling to a community in its own setting
genetic
relevant time periods and geographic regions
material
relevant cultural traditions
relevant cultural traditions
comparative method
the study of "other cultures
anthropology
non-European/non-Western societies
Ulf Hannerz
late 1960s
North Atlantic region
limiting research to a single locale
daily life of ordinary people
scientific laboratories
the 1980s
attempted assassination
Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro
Jesuits
1759
prosecuted every person involved, even women and children
1770
1779
enhancing autocracy at the expense of individual liberty
opposition
enhancing autocracy at the expense of individual liberty
Napoleon
1822
Brazil
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
20th century
1815
1820
Porto
1815
Portuguese royal family
turn of the 20th century
1884
Scramble for Africa
Scramble for Africa
Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, Joo Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélio
1 February 1908
twice
Manuel II
5 October 1910
Political instability and economic weaknesses
António de Oliveira Salazar
1933
five
Angola
United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
unitary semi-presidential republican
unitary semi-presidential republican
France, Spain and Italy
decriminalized the usage of all common drugs
the invading Moors
the invading Moors
Battle of Covadonga
722 AD
Reconquista Crist
dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring
First Count of Portus Cale
868 AD
First Count of Portus Cale
Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália
Leonese culture
Kingdom of Portugal
Galician
Spanish
Castilian (Spanish Language)
Leopold Josef, Count von Daun
Sebastio José de Carvalho e Melo
The Queen consort of Portugal
The Queen consort of Portugal
King John V of Portugal
earthquakes
marching troops around the models
less than one year
Pombaline City Centre
every parish in the country
the Portuguese Republic
Southwestern Europe
Atlantic Ocean
1,214 km
Azores and Madeira
the Portuguese Republic
Southwestern Europe
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
1,214 km
Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic
Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples
1139
Age of Discovery
15th and 16th centuries
Lisbon
1822
"Estado Novo"
Macau
250 million
Portus Cale
Pre-Celts and Celts
Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes
298 AD
Alankerk
27 BC
Gallaecia
Conmbriga and Mirobriga
hill forts
Coimbra
only a few months
711
750
Abd-ar-Rahman I
almost two centuries
The governors of the taifas
Christian kingdoms of the north
Taifa of Badajoz
1086
Battle of Sagrajas
Muwallad or Muladi
noblemen from Oman
Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa
Algarve region, and south of the Tagus
800
León
Galicia
Oviedo as his capital
910
1230
1348
England
England
NATO
Oporto region
Age of Discovery
Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King Joo I
Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde
Cape of Good Hope
Brazil
As the King's confidence in de Melo increased
Prime Minister
British economic success
Sebastio de Melo
Sebastio de Melo
economic and financial
quality
high nobility
Sebastio de Melo
high nobility to the poorest working class
April 1974
Lisbon
right-wing political forces
Junta de Salvaço Nacional
Portuguese Socialist Party
Mário Soares
1983 to 1985
neoliberal model
1976
to accommodate socialist and communist principles
Mediterranean
Mediterranean
Mediterranean
900 metres (3,000 ft)
subtropical
rough topography
Mediterranean
Tertiary
Tertiary period
Pyrenean oak and other local native trees
Boars
12
Laurisilva
fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat
migratory birds
more than 100
in the Tagus International Natural Park
habitat loss, pollution and drought
glowing plankton
five
Anbal Cavaco Silva
230
230
thirteen
Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party
national-, regional- and local-levels
Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party
between 5 and 15%
President of the Republic
five
universal suffrage
President of the Republic
The Council of Ministers
a mandatory period of debate
The Assembly to reject the government programme
Portuguese law
urban areas
Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR
Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR
2001
10 days worth of personal use
a rehab facility
50 percent
308
308
18
three
Navy, Army and Air Force
protect the territorial integrity of the country
39,200
2.1 percent of GDP
21,000
Pandur II APC
Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC
paratroopers, commandos and rangers
10,700
World War I
1961–1974
East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon
Angola
Pedro Passos Coelho
improve the State's financial situation
spending cuts
20%
unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy
external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms
unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy
financial crisis of 2007–08
Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)
bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud
Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies,
bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud
euro (€)
Portuguese Escudo
Banco de Portugal
Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas
Setbal, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra and Leiria
the Carnation Revolution of 1974
PREC period
high-tech sector
business services
business services
European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
2011
€78 billion
May 2014
15.3 percent
small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units
Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezrias and Valouro
mushrooms
poultry and beef
Ramirez
Vasco da Gama
fish
copper
tin, tungsten and uranium
hydrocarbon exploration
the north
economic globalization
Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen
Embraer and OGMA
Palmela
Alverca, Covilh, Évora, and Ponte de Sor
Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro
Eastern European
Eastern European
niche attractions
health, nature and rural tourism
The Economist
65%
10.2%
negative
July 2011
IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility
late 1970s
Carnation's Revolution
financial weakness
70.8
62.4
slow and inefficient
Italy
over 30
Passos Coelho
35 to 40 hours
€4.8 billion
European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
65 to 66
pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses
Passos Coelho
led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions
third quarter of 2014
11.9%
7.3%
December 2009
Coimbra
between 4-5 million
between 4-5 million
Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo
Lisbon
automobiles
motorways
68,732 km (42,708 mi)
1944
89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)
89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)
Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja
Lisbon's geographical position
TAP Portugal
Spain
Comboios de Portugal
2,791 km (1,734 mi)
2,791 km (1,734 mi)
2,791 km (1,734 mi)
Porto Metropolitan Area
35 km
Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris)
over a century
INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovaço
INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovaço
Fundaço para a Ciência e Tecnologia
Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation
neuroscience and oncology research centre
one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world
1779
Lisbon Oceanarium
a programme of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology to the promotion of a scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population
Visionarium
several science parks
Funchal)
financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support
wind and river power
the south
Moura Photovoltaic Power Station,
66%
Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN)
renewable-energy plants
hydropower plants
wind-driven turbines
premium
10,562,178
10,562,178
10,562,178
Catholicism
Mouriscos (former Muslims) and Cristos Novos (New Christians or former Jews)
Paleolithic
45,000 years ago
Paleolithic
colonial history
Atlantic Ocean
Angola and Mozambique
Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1975), and Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1999)
10,617,575
81.0%
Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist
8.3%
8.3%
Christian
13th and 14th
First Portuguese Republic
1910–26
25 July 1139
Afonso
create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands
Portuguese
Romance language
Northern Portugal
Galician-Portuguese
Pre-Roman peoples
Pre-Roman peoples
between 1415 and 1999
Brazil
Brazil
99 percent
close to 100 percent
Over 35%
Over 35%
1290
Lisbon
Coimbra
the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificaço e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro
the Escola Médio-Cirrgica of Goa
2006
public money
over 23 years old
developing health policy as well as managing the SNS
Five
supervising health care delivery
noncommunicable diseases
cerebrovascular disease
cerebrovascular disease
not declining as rapidly as in the Eur-A.
children as well as among women younger than 44 years
self-reporting at the household level
one third
Calouste Gulbenki Foundation
Calouste Gulbenki Foundation
Lisbon
Casa da Msica
fifteen
Portuguese late Gothic
first decades of the 16th century
A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture
Gonçalo Byrne
stadium design
late 19th century
Fernando Lopes
Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado
late 19th century
Fernando Lopes
Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado
Lus de Cames
"Os Lusadas" (The Lusiads)
Lus de Cames
neoclassic and contemporary styles
Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga
bacalhau
caldeirada
a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish
beef, pork, lamb, or chicken
arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood)
bifanas (grilled pork) or prego (grilled beef) sandwiches
medieval Catholic monasteries spread widely across the country
almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor
pastéis de Belém
Romans
Bacchus
Madeira Wine
Port and Madeira
Boom Festival
Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto
every two years
European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010
2005
Artur Pizarro, Maria Joo Pires, Sequeira Costa
cellist
Joly Braga Santos
Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira
20th
Delaunays
Canço Popular a Russa e o Fgaro
Vieira da Silva, Jlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julio Sarmento and Paula Rego
Football
Eusébio
Lus Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo
Lus Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo
José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José
SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP
"os três grandes" ("the big three")
eight
roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball
Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) – Federaço Portuguesa de Futebol
June 8, 1977
Kanye Omari West
Kanye Omari West
June 8, 1977
Roc-A-Fella Records
Jay-Z and Alicia Keys
7
Roc-A-Fella Records
Chicago
Roc-A-Fella Records
The College Dropout
7
more than 32 million
more than 32 million
21
3
Rolling Stone's 2012 "500 Greatest Albums of All Time
more than 32 million
21
3
2005 and 2015
Dr. Donda C. (Williams)
Atlanta
Good Water Store and Café
Dr. Donda C. (Williams)
middle-class
Nanjing, China
foreigner
A's and B's
10
Nanjing University
poetry
$25 an hour
DJ No I.D.
poetry
Green Eggs and Ham
No I.D.
Chicago's American Academy of Art
20
Chicago's American Academy of Art
English
20
College Dropout
burgeoning local artists
speeding up vocal samples from classic soul records
the Go-Getters
mid-1990s
mid-1990s
Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie
the Go-Getters
Hustle Period
1999
Foxy Brown
Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem.
Foxy Brown
Tell 'Em Why U Madd
Roc-A-Fella Records
The Blueprint
2000
The Blueprint
rapper
Capitol Records
rapper
gangsta
Capitol Records
Joe Weinberger
Damon Dash
Roc-A-Fella
Joe Weinberger
Damon Dash
Through The Wire
Get Well Soon...
The College Dropout
October 23, 2002
"Through The Wire"
Get Well Soon...
leaked
3
Los Angeles
3
August 2003
2
2
Jesus Walks
GOOD Music
February 2004
"Slow Jamz"
Hot 10
GOOD Music
a string orchestra
Jon Brion
Late Registration
2.3 million
Portishead
Late Registration
2.3 million
Best New Artist
Hurricane Katrina
Rolling Stone
Best New Artist
Mike Myers
Rolling Stone
A Concert for Hurricane Relief
U2
large arenas
Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash
U2
1980s
The Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin
Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash
Graduation
50 Cent
957,000
Daft Punk
Graduation
50 Cent
Daft Punk
Alexis Phifer
Auto-Tune
November 2007
Alexis Phifer
Glow in the Dark Tour
Honolulu, Hawaii
"Love Lockdown"
Island Def Jam
808s & Heartbreak
Island Def Jam
to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008
Heartless
Island Def Jam
808s & Heartbreak
808s & Heartbreak
2009
Taylor Swift
Lady Gaga
2009
Beyoncé
Lady Gaga
52nd Grammy Awards
Hawaii
fashion
Hawaii
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
Album of the Year
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
November 2010
"All of the Lights"
GOOD Fridays
Watch the Throne with Jay-Z.
Jay-Z
pyramid-shaped
Watch the Throne with Jay-Z.
Watch the Throne with Jay-Z.
"Niggas in Paris"
2012
pyramid-shaped
Paris
Yeezus
Kendrick Lamar
Paris
architecture
Yeezus
June 18, 2013
Kendrick Lamar
North
Adidas
Paul McCartney
BRIT Awards
Kim Kardashian
North
Florence
Paul McCartney
Yeezy Season 1
SWISH
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
Glastonbury
So Help Me God
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
Glastonbury
February 11
Waves
Wiz Khalifa
The Life of Pablo
Tidal
"Facts"
Waves
Wiz Khalifa
Yeezy Season 3
Puff Daddy
RZA
chipmunk soul
Puff Daddy
Puff Daddy
"This Can't Be Life"
film score composer
symphonic instrumentation
a string section
film score composer
Portishead
Graduation
more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape
melody and chord progression
2007
808s & Heartbreak
Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George
dense drums, lengthy strings, droning synthesizers, and somber piano
Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George
1980s post-punk and new wave
Matthew Trammell
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
Entertainment Weekly's Simon Vozick-Levinson
Sean Fennessey
Sean Fennessey
808s & Heartbreak
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
a protest to music
Le Corbusier
2013
Yeezus
Pastelle Clothing
four years
September 2005
2009
Nike
Louis Vuitton
women
mixed-to-negative reviews
March 6, 2012
October 1, 2011
DW Kanye West
October 1, 2011
DW Kanye West
mixed-to-negative
March 6, 2012
December 3, 2013,
December 3
Yeezy Boosts
9000
Yeezy Boosts
2015
The Life of Pablo
10
2
February
10
2
February 2011
KW Foods LLC
GOOD Music
Pusha T
2004
John Legend
Pusha T
make products and experiences that people want and can afford
Donda West
January 5, 2012
Tidal
Beyoncé and Jay-Z
low payout of royalties
Tidal
lossless audio and high definition music videos
Jay Z
Spotify
Kanye West Foundation
music education
Kanye West Foundation
2007
Chicago
music education
Strong American Schools
PSAs
The Dr. Donda West Foundation
2011
2008
The Dr. Donda West Foundation
2008
Kanye West
A Concert for Hurricane Relief
Hurricane Katrina relief
Hurricane Katrina relief
September 2, 2005
Chris Tucker
George Bush
"one of the most disgusting moments" of his presidency
Matt Lauer
Kazakhstan
$3 million
one of the poorest human rights records in the world,
Kazakhstan
Arizona
human rights concerns
Jimmy Kimmel
an apology
Jimmy Kimmel
Jimmy Kimmel
Jimmy Kimmel
George Bush
Black people don't have the same level of connections as Jewish people
George Bush
December 21, 2013
Bill Cosby
Bill Cosby
Gretchen Wilson
Touch the Sky
Gretchen Wilson
Touch the Sky
November 7, 2006
Saturday Night Live
MTV Video Music Awards
Stronger
MTV Video Music Awards
"Stronger"
Taylor Swift
President Barack Obama
President Barack Obama
Taylor Swift
Famous
September 2010
November 8, 2010
The Life of Pablo
Album of the Year
Beyoncé
Album of the Year
February 26, 2015
Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award
2020
Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award
133,000+
closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan American Games
Change.org
133,000+
over 50,000
Alexis Phifer
Amber Rose
Kim Kardashian
2
2002
August 2006
Amber Rose
April 2012
Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James
58
Andre Aboolian
approximately 7:35 pm
heart disease
Andre Aboolian
Jan Adams
Larry King Live
liposuction and mammoplasty"
Ed McPherson
Medical Board
Larry King Live
January 10, 2008
Oklahoma City
"Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'"
Oklahoma City
November 20, 2007
November 22
Glow in the Dark tour
New Zealand
New Zealand
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Arnold Schwarzenegger
"Donda West Law"
trademark infringement
November 2007
trademark infringement
Evel Kanyevel
November 2007
felony vandalism
Culver City
one count of misdemeanor vandalism, one count of grand theft and one count of battery
September 11, 2008
felony vandalism
felony vandalism
Culver City
Hilton
Hilton
Hilton
Hilton
Daniel Ramos
misdemeanor criminal battery and attempted grand theft
Daniel Ramos
013
250 hours
250
Christian
The College Dropout
Christian
music critics, fans, fellow musicians, artists, and wider cultural figures
David Bowie
Jon Caramanic of The New York Times
Village Voice Media senior editor
Complex called him the 21st century's "most important artist of any art form, any genre."
homophobia in hip hop
Rosie Swash
middle-class
50 Cent
lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.
Time Magazine's 100 most influential people
Time Magazine's 100 most influential people
6
over 30 million
6
Yeezus
3,086,000
3 million
over 30 million
21
Pazz & Jop
twice
21
8
May 16, 2008
MTV Man of the Year
Pazz & Jop
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
third
George W. Bush
George W. Bush
clothing and footwear
DONDA
2013
Buddhism
Gautama Buddha
Nepal
Four Noble Truths
elimination of ignorance and craving
nontheistic
Gautama Buddha
between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE
Nepal
Gautama Buddha
Nepal
between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE
Gautama Buddha
4
Nepal
Gautama Buddha
Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle")
Vajrayana
Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia
Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai
between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million
Mahayana
Vajrayana
Vajrayana
Indian siddhas
The School of the Elders
Nirvana
Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way)
help other beings reach awakening
rainbow body
Noble Eightfold Path
Noble Eightfold Path
Tibetan Buddhism
the Middle Way
Mahayana
escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth
the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community)
cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment
Ten Meritorious Deeds
monastic
a creator deity
greediness
Ten Meritorious Deeds
Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada
Sarvstivdin Lalitavistara Stra
monastic order
5th century CE
Buddhacarita
Buddha ghoa
Buddha ghoa
do not consistently accept all of the details contained in his biographies.
5th ce
Michael Carrithers
renunciation
Karen Armstrong
Siddhatta Gotama
his disciples
Michael Carrithers
biography of the Buddha
Siddhatta Gotama
fifth century BCE
Siddhrtha Gautama
small republic,
Siddhrtha Gautama
fifth century BCE
small republic
Siddhrtha Gautama
oligarchy
Siddhrtha Gautama
elected chieftain
astrologer
either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man
whether he saw what life was like outside the palace walls
astrologer
Suddhodana
astrologer
astrologer
Suddhodana
holy man
palace grounds
29
suffering of ordinary people
an ascetic holy man
king
29
the four sights
spiritual
king
29
the four sights—he learned of the suffering of ordinary people, encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse
the four sights—he learned of the suffering of ordinary people, encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse
famous religious teachers of the day
Middle Way
prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain
anapanasati meditation
extreme asceticism
milk and rice
Middle Way
end to suffering
milk and rice
Middle Way
Middle Way
35
Bodh Gaya
the path of awakening he had discovered
80
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
Bodh Gaya
Bodh Gaya
80
Bodh Gaya
Bodh Gaya
Bodh Gaya
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
samsara
ignorance
suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction
liberation from samsara
avidya
six
ignorance
following the Buddhist path
samsara
six
six
avidya
following the Buddhist path
action, work
sasra
sla
phala
action, work
sla
cetan
phala
sasra
sla
result
Theravada
Lotus Sutra, the Agulimlya Stra and the Mahyna Mahparinirva Stra
Vajrayana
Amitbha
Theravada
Amitbha
Theravada
Theravada
Amitbha
Amitbha
a succession of lifetimes
anatt
prattyasamutpda
a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life, each running from conception to death.
karma
a succession of lifetimes
anatta
prattyasamutpda
permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul
angmis (non-returners)
the highest object of meditation
angmis
Pure Abodes
angmis
formless realms
arpajhnas
angmis
angmis
arpajhnas
formless realms
intermediate
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon
bardo
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon
intermediate
intermediate
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon
Four Noble Truths
dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome
Four Noble Truths
suffering
Four Noble Truths
dukkha
dukkha
"suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc.
three
suffering
anxiety
three
unsatisfactoriness
three
three
the origin of dukkha can be known
craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja)
complete cessation of dukkha is possible
a path to this cessation
the origin of dukkha can be known.
craving
craving
the origin of dukkha can be known
craving
ignorance (Pali: avijja) of the true nature of things
dukkha
Noble Eightfold Path
dukkha
Right Concentration
the fourth
Noble Eight fold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—
dukkha
Right Action
the fourth
Noble Eightfold
dukkha
Ajahn Sucitto
one's behaviour
mental, spoken, and bodily
Ajahn Sucitto
"the immeasurables"
egotism
brahmaviharas, divine abodes, or simply as four immeasurables
loving-kindness meditation
wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings
Thich Nhat Hanh
egotism
Thich Nhat Hanh
Pema Chödrön
loving-kindness meditation
enlightenment
Gautama Buddha
enlightenment
Reality in Buddhism
doctrinal
Buddhist philosophy
doctrinal
liberation
(sasra)
nirva
nirva
dispassion
three
inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent
loss
because things are impermanent
external
coming into being, and ceasing to be
sasra
attachment to them is futile
suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration
disquietude
realistic
Buddhism
disquietude
disquietude
dukkha
Not-self
release from suffering
the Buddha refused to answer
neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise a self
Not-self
Nikayas anatta
"I have a Self" and "I have no Self"
skandhas
doctrine of prattyasamutpda,
"dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency"
doctrine of prattyasamutpda,
Twelve Nidnas
Twelve Nidnas
Twelve Nidnas
cause, foundation, source or origin
Twelve Nidnas
Twelve Nidnas
Nirvana
ignorance
absence of the others
sasra
dukkha
Nirvana
ignorance
nyat
emptiness
tman
svabhava
Sarvastivada teachings
Vasubandhu and Asanga
cittamatra
Vasubandhu and Asanga
Mahayana
Mahayana
Sakya
innate qualities of the mind
tathgatagarbha
"Awakening" or "Enlightenment"
anybody who has achieved nirvana
arahant
Bodhi
nirvana
raga
raga
delusion
bodhisattva
buddha
nirvana
parinirvana
fully awakened
Samsara
Samsara
Mahayana
Maitreya
celestial
by directly realizing the true nature of reality
Theravada
Bodhi
anagami
omnipresent
omnipresent
the Mahayana
other planes of existence
monks
bodhisattvas
bodhisattvas
Pure Land
Pure Land
salvific "other-power"
Gautama Buddha
A Buddha era
Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha
Mahayana
one at a time
Pure Land Buddhism
enlightenment being
bodhicitta
enlightenment
enlightenment
enlightenment
bodhisattvas
bodhisattva vow
dna, la, kanti, vrya, dhyna, and praj
14th Dalai Lama
Buddhists
bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting
meditative absorption
the Buddha
yoga
liberating
Meditation
mindfulness and clear awareness
vision
ethics
transcendent wisdom
Buddhist
Buddhist
yoga
Upanishadic cosmological statements
contemplative
Nasadiya Sukta
the Three Jewels
Majjhima Nikaya
Tibetan Buddhism
eternal and immutable essence.
eternal and unchanging essence and as having an irreversible effect:
Gautama Buddha
The Dharma
The Sangha
sla
pramit
meritorious
Samdhi/Bhvana
meritorious
overall principles of ethical behavior
five precepts
eight
training rules
dana
dana
sexual misconduct
celibacy
ten
seventh
ten precepts
vinaya pitaka
227
vinayapitaka
the spirit that counts
a satisfying life
higher attainments
islands unto themselves
Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra
Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra
Japan
Zen
eight
right concentration
samyak samdhi
calm, tranquil, and luminous
jhna
vipassan
insight
an object or idea
jhna
calm the mind
vipassan
jna
praj
vipassan
craving
various defilements
stress
Nibbna
Four Noble Truths
bodhi
Praj
conceptual
Nirvana
daily life
Zen
Zen
Zen
scriptures
koan
koan
Zen Buddhist
Zen Buddhist
Thinking and thought
Mahayana
Diamond Vehicle
Vajrayana
ritual and physical techniques
second half of the first millennium BCE
shramanas
shramanas
karma
Greater Magadha
Kosala
2nd or 3rd centuries BCE
Upanishads
Pakudha Kaccayana
Ajnanas
Jains
Vedic animal sacrifice
hymn of the cosmic man
introduced animal sacrifices
alteration of the true Veda
Theravadin Pali Canon
insight
Rupa Jhanas
Majjhima Nikaya
Schmithausen
Bruce Matthews
Norman
Norman
fourth jhana
liberating insight
the four truths
Nirvna
Nikayas
Nirvna
the middle way
eightfold
prajna
liberating insight
person
Upanishadic
Nikaya Buddhism
Nikaya Buddhism
Nikaya Buddhism
Nikaya Buddhism
Nikaya Buddhism
Pre-sectarian Buddhism
dependent origination, karma and rebirth
Gautama Buddha
parinirva
nanda
stras
abhidhamma
after the Second Council
after the Second Council
100 BCE
Mahasanghikas
Mahasanghika
the Sthaviras were trying to expand the vinaya
Theravda
monasteries
doctrinal disagreements
Abhidharma
summaries or numerical lists
3rd century BCE
Mahasanghika
Mahsghika
Mahsghika
Prajpramit
Prajpramit
ndhra
Amaravati, Ngrjunako and Jaggayyapea
Akira Hirakawa
Buddhism
ordination lineage
non-Mahyna monks
Chinese
Lokakema
1st century BCE
1st century BCE
Buddhist Logic
Buddhist Logic
Yogacara
Ashoka
Sri Lanka
Buddhist religious memorials
emissaries
Buddhist missionaries
emissaries
Persian and Greek
Menander
Theravada
Theravada
2nd century CE
2nd century CE
Korea and Japan
8th century onwards
China
the teachings of the Buddha
the Buddhist community
exotic and progressive
Modern influences
second half of the 20th Century
neo-Buddhism
Soka Gakkai
Value Creation Society
12 million
SGI
7% to 8%
18.2%
18.2%
180 million
180 million
Seven million
138 million
138 million
138 million
lesser vehicle
Hinayana
Buddhism
Buddhist ecumenical organization
Theravada
ancestral Sthvirya
Pali Canon
the west
personal effort
merit
Nland University
Mahayana Sutras
Lotus Sutra
Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra
Eastern Buddhism
Northern Buddhism
the Pure Land school of Mahayana
Buddhism and Saivism
mantras
Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra
Buddhist scriptures
scholastic
single central text
Tibetan Buddhists
Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka
barriers
Dhammapada
all of the major principles of Buddhism
condensed'study texts'
Zen
The Buddha and His Dhamma
The Pli Tipitaka
Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka
Vinaya Pitaka
Sutta Pitaka
Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka
Pli Tipitaka
five or seven
Mahkyapa
to record the Buddha's teachings
Upli
nanda
nanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon to recite the dhamma
Theravadin
The Theravadins
Mahayana sutras
Mahayana sutras
Sarvastivada Abhidharma
Mahayana
the Great Vehicle
bodhisattva path
Mahayana sutras
Mahayana sutras
Mahayana tradition
Chinese
East Asian Buddhism
Hinnayana
Hinayana
Mahayana
hinayana
hinayana
Hinayana
rvakayna
Buddhism
Middle way
parallels
Christianity
dependent origination
Buddhism
Buddhism
Simon Fuller
19 Entertainment
June 11, 2002
Pop Idol
Pop Idol
19 Entertainment
Pop Idol
Simon Fuller
19 Entertainment
June 11, 2002
Pop Idol
Randy Jackson
Brian Dunkleman
Jennifer Lopez
Ryan Seacrest
Brian Dunkleman
Paula Abdul
Jennifer Lopez
Randy Jackson
Paula Abdul
Simon Cowell
Keith Urban
country singer Keith Urban, singer and actress Jennifer Lopez, and jazz singer Harry Connick, Jr.
345
Kelly Clarkson
a rival TV executive
Carrie Underwood
Fantasia
Carrie Underwood
Fantasia
345
a rival TV executive
May 11, 2015
May 11, 2015
15
eight
May 11, 2015
Popstars
Simon Fuller
Simon Cowell
Simon Cowell
Nigel Lythgoe
Popstars
Nigel Lythgoe
telephone voting
Simon Cowell
Nigel Lythgoe
seven
2002
2001
Elisabeth
Rupert Murdoch
American Idol: The Search for a Superstar
eight
four
Angie Martinez
DJ Stryker
four
DJ Stryker
Angie Martinez
eight
Kara DioGuardi
Ellen DeGeneres
two
January 11, 2010
Simon Cowell
Kara DioGuardi
Paula Abdul
January 11, 2010
Ellen DeGeneres
before season ten
season two
Adam Lambert
Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb
season six
season nine
Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb
eight
Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb
Ryan Seacrest
Brian Dunkleman
Jimmy Iovine
Jimmy Iovine
song choice and performance
Jimmy Iovine
Jimmy Iovine
Jimmy Iovine
fifteen to twenty-eight
season four
must not hold any current recording or talent representation contract by the semi-final stage
three
the judges
10,000
the judges
three
one of the show's producers
Hollywood
season seven
seasons two and three
three
twelve
three
individually or in groups
seasons two and three
Las Vegas
five guys and five girls
five guys and five girls
178 million
Over 110 million
Telescope Inc
semi-finals
Over 110 million
nearly 750 million
three groups of ten
wildcard
three groups of ten
four groups of eight
season one
three groups of ten
12
twenty-four
twenty-four
six
six
top twelve
the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer
the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer
five
thirteen
season eight
the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer
the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer
the final 10
CBS Television City
Jimmy Iovine
thirteen
eleven weeks
CBS Television City
Jimmy Iovine
eight weeks in season one
one song
starting in season eight
"The save" can only be used once
sent to safety
season six
fourteen
Twitter
Fan Save
Twitter
Top 8
Nokia Theatre
3,400
two-hour
Dolby Theatre
3,400
over 6,000
Nokia Theatre
19 Management
Big Machine Records
BMG/Sony (seasons 1–9) and UMG (season 10–)
19 Management
19 Management
Big Machine Records
a golden ticket
a golden ticket
results show
seven
Ray Chew
American Idol
Rickey Minor
Rickey Minor
Ray Chew
seven
Fox
Fox
Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman
Fox
Fox
Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman
121
121
Jim Verraros
Tamyra Gray
while she was in the hospital
121
30
Delano Cagnolatti
top four
Christina Christian
September 4, 2002
Justin Guarini
Betty Hutton's
Justin Guarini
Kelly Clarkson
September 4, 2002
A Moment Like This
From Justin to Kelly
23 million
A Moment Like This
Clarkson
A Moment Like This
The Beatles
From Justin to Kelly
23 million
January 2003
Kristin Adams
January 2003
Kristin Adams
Corey Clark
Jaered Andrews
Corey Clark
Jaered Andrews
Corey Clark
Jaered Andrews
Jaered Andrews
Ruben Studdard
24 million
Ruben Studdard
24 million
Nigel Lythgoe
Ruben Studdard
Ruben Studdard
24 million
24 million
Ruben Studdard
Flying Without Wings
Josh Gracin
This Is the Night
Flying Without Wings
This Is the Night
"Flying Without Wings"
Josh Gracin
January 19, 2004
William Hung
William Hung
January 19, 2004
William Hung
William Hung
the Three Divas
Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson
Elton John
John Stevens
the Three Divas
Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson
Elton John
John Stevens
Diana DeGarmo
I Believe
Dreams
Summertime
Simon Cowell
Diana DeGarmo
Fantasia
I Believe
Nikko Smith
Nikko Smith
Freemantle Media
Mario Vazquez
top 11 week
the result reveal postponed until the following night
May 2005
seven
Inside Your Heaven
Carrie Underwood
May 2005
Carrie Underwood
Inside Your Heaven
seven
Season five
Brittenum twins
Season five
January 17, 2006
Brittenum twins
Chris Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
lead singer
Chris Daughtry
I Walk the Line
not crediting the arrangement to Live
Taylor Hicks
Do I Make You Proud
My Destiny
May 30, 2006
Taylor Hicks
Do I Make You Proud
My Destiny
Chris Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
January 16, 2007
37.3 million
January 16, 2007
37.3 million
Vote for the Worst
Howard Stern
Vote for the Worst
April 18
Vote for the Worst
Vote for the Worst
Vote for the Worst
Vote for the Worst
Howard Stern
April 18
Idol Gives Back
Idol Gives Back
Melinda Doolittle
Idol Gives Back
Phil Stacey and Chris Richardson
Melinda Doolittle
Jordin Sparks
Blake Lewis
Jordin Sparks
Jordin Sparks
Jordin Sparks
Blake Lewis
January 18, 2005
over 100,000
28
Season four
Season four
January 18, 2005
high definition
over 100,000
28
May 24, 2007
This Is My Now
public vote
American Idol Songwriter
coronation song
20
This Is My Now
May 24, 2007
January 15, 2008
David Hernandez
Kristy Lee Cook, Brooke White, Michael Johns, and in particular Carly Smithson
January 15, 2008
David Hernandez
professional
Kristy Lee Cook, Brooke White, Michael Johns, and in particular Carly Smithson
Billie Jean
David Cook
"Billie Jean"
March 11, 2008
March 11, 2008
"Billie Jean"
David Cook
David Archuleta
season ten
Hallelujah
Jeff Buckley
This was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances,
David Archuleta's
Jennifer Lopez
Jason Castro
Jeff Buckley
This was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances,
David Cook
David Cook
May 21, 2008
David Cook
The Time of My Life
American Idol Songwriter
May 22, 2008
The Time of My Life
May 22, 2008
January 13, 2009
Danny Gokey
president of alternative programming
eight
January 13, 2009
Mike Darnell
Danny Gokey
Kara DioGuardi
two weeks
So You Think You Can Dance
Kodak Theatre
Idol Gives Back
four
Kara DioGuardi
So You Think You Can Dance
Kodak Theatre
Idol Gives Back
13
Matt Giraud
13
13
Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai
13
13
Matt Giraud
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert,
AT&T
AT&T
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert,
most controversial voting result since season two
AT&T
AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes
No Boundaries
DioGuardi
No Boundaries
DioGuardi
gold album status
platinum album status
January 12, 2010
Ellen DeGeneres
Hollywood Week
January 12, 2010
Ellen DeGeneres
Ellen DeGeneres
Hollywood Week
Crystal Bowersox
Ken Warwick
diabetic ketoacidosis
Crystal Bowersox
diabetic ketoacidosis
disqualify her
Ken Warwick
show producer
Michael Lynche
Michael Lynche
Adam Lambert
$45 million
Michael Lynche
Adam Lambert
Simon Cowell
Simon Cowell
Simon Cowell
Paula Abdul
Lee DeWyze
Beautiful Day
May 26
Lee DeWyze
Beautiful Day
Up to the Mountain
January 19, 2011
Season ten
Jimmy Iovine
The X Factor
Nigel Lythgoe
January 19, 2011
Nigel Lythgoe
Nigel Lythgoe
Jimmy Iovine
Season ten
Myspace
Myspace
Season ten
Myspace
Chris Medina
Top 40
Casey Abrams
Casey Abrams
Chris Medina
Top 40 round
Casey Abrams
Top 13 result show
Casey Abrams
Pia Toscano
Tom Hanks
Pia Toscano
Tom Hanks
Lauren Alaina
Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery
I Love You This Big
Like My Mother Does
Ruben Studdard's Soulful
May 25
Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery
Ruben Studdard
January 18, 2012
Top 25
Jermaine Jones
January 18, 2012
Jermaine Jones
March 14
concealing arrests and outstanding warrants
kidney pain
kidney stones
eight
kidney pain
kidney pain
kidney pain
Jessica Sanchez
Jessica Sanchez
Colton Dixon
final two
Jessica Sanchez
Jessica Sanchez
Colton Dixon
Diana DeGarmo
Diana DeGarmo
Diana DeGarmo
Phillips
Diana DeGarmo
Diana DeGarmo
Home
Change Nothing
Home
Change Nothing
Home
January 16, 2013
Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler
TMZ
January 16, 2013
four
Lazaro Arbos
Lazaro Arbos
Lazaro Arbos
Lazaro Arbos
Lazaro Arbos
given an extra week to perform again with their votes carried over with no elimination in the first week.
Candice Glover
Candice Glover
I Am Beautiful
All Cried Out
Candice Glover
Candice Glover
I Am Beautiful
All Cried Out
not signed by a music label
Randy Jackson
Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj
Randy Jackson
Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj
January 15, 2014
Ryan Seacrest
in-mentor
Louis J. Horvitz
January 15, 2014
Randy Jackson and Keith Urban
Jennifer Lopez
Jennifer Lopez
Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick
Sam Woolf
Top 3 performance night
songs they wrote themselves
Sam Woolf
Top 8
Top 3 performance night
Caleb Johnson
Caleb Johnson
As Long as You Love Me
We Are One
Caleb Johnson
Caleb Johnson
As Long as You Love Me
We Are One
January 7, 2015
Ryan Seacrest
Adam Lambert
judges
Randy Jackson
January 7, 2015
Adam Lambert
one
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company
Big Machine Records
one
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company
Big Machine Records
Nick Fradiani
Clark Beckham
Jax
Beautiful Life
Forcefield
Nick Fradiani
Clark Beckham
Beautiful Life
Champion
Jax
May 11, 2015
15
May 11, 201
judges
Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez
May 11, 2015
Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez
48%
2002
ten
North Carolina
North Carolina
ten
Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry
85
10%
85
85
Taylor Hicks
Alabama
text-voting
text-voting
Alabama
White guy with guitar
Phillip Phillips
American Idol: The Untold Story
five
five
White guy with guitar
Richard Rushfield
Phillip Phillips
19 Entertainment
Clay Aiken
Clay Aiken
2013
100 million
Clay Aiken
season eight
power voting
2010
2013
Idol Gives Back
nearly $185 million
Idol Gives Back
Idol Gives Back
June 2002
9.9 million
averaged 23 million
June 2002
June 2002
9.9 million
averaged 23 million
26.5 million
average of 21.7 million
Ruben Studdard
four
30.6 million
26.5 million
average of 21.7 million
four
Season six
Season six
the Death Star
NBC
Season six
the Death Star
decline
second highest-rated
season seven
Writers Guild of America strike
season seven
11%
season seven
Fox
Writers Guild of America strike
NBC
CBS
30.1 million
30.1 million
30.1 million
six
47.2
47.2
47.2
47.2
American Idol
NBC Sunday Night Football
eight years
13.3 million
13
2002
7.2 million
13.3 million
one, two-hour
8.03 million
15
May 11, 2015
8.03 million
9
8
eight
eight
Simon Fuller
Dancing with the Stars
The Voice
American Idol
American Idol
American Idol
345
Rich Meyer
Kelly Clarkson
345
Fred Bronson
Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
120 million
120 million
120 million
120 million
Jennifer Hudson
Jennifer Hudson
musical theatre
Jennifer Hudson
Jennifer Hudson
Debra Byrd
Entertainment Weekly
poorly
Entertainment Weekly
Entertainment Weekly
product placement
poorly
Entertainment Weekly
Simon Cowell
John Mayer
Ramin Setoodeh
commercialism
Ann Powers
Simon Cowell
John Mayer
Elton John
2006
LeAnn Rimes
Usher
Carrie Underwood
Carrie Underwood
LeAnn Rimes
Elton John
country
country
9
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series
8
Idol Gives Back
nine
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series
$900 million
$6.4 billion
The American Idol Experience
$900 million
Disney
four
over $700,000
$300,000
$737,000
four
800 million
season one
season one
AT&T Wireless
AT&T Wireless
seven
10 million
35 million
AT&T Wireless
text-messaging
4,349
PepsiCo
The X Factor
PepsiCo
The X Factor
Los Angeles Times
The season five tour
M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies
a semi-finalist who won a sing-off
Kellogg's Pop-Tarts
M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies
The season five tour
season seven
compilation album
season seven
American Idol
compilation album
the top ten
season seven
19 Recordings
UMG
BMG
19 Entertainment
19 Recordings
BMG
Sony Music Entertainment
UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records
Disney's Hollywood Studios
February 14, 2009
August 30, 2014
19 Entertainment
February 14, 2009
Disney's Hollywood Studios
Dream Ticket
August 30, 2014
over 100
thirteen
August 2014
Yes TV
over 100
CTV and/or CTV Two
Yes TV
La3
one day
STAR World
Thursday and Friday
STAR World
La3
ringers
seven
seven
Canis lupus familiaris
millennia
millennia
sensory capabilities
a manmade variant of an extant canid species
a manmade variant of an extant canid species
a manmade variant of an extant canid species
starch-rich
a manmade variant of an extant canid species
man's best friend
man's best friend
meat
dukkn
Proto-Indo-European
docga
Proto-Indo-European
hound
mastiff.
16th
hound
16th century
types used for hunting
Proto-Indo-European word *kwon- "dog"
a litter.
the sire
poupée
whelping
bitch
bitch
litter
the sire
dam
about a year
Linnaeus
1758
Linnaeus
wolf
Canis lupus
Linnaeus
"Dog-family" or the family dog
Canis lupus
Canis dingo
1982
2003
Lupus
Canis familiaris
Opinion 2027
Canis familiaris
Opinion 2027
Opinion 2027
two sister monophyletic clades
two sister monophyletic clades
human hunter-gatherers
Taimyr wolf
human hunter-gatherers
Taymyr wolf
Taimyr wolf
Modern dog breeds
a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.
scavengers
a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.
endurance
catching and tearing
scavengers
height and weight.
English Mastiff
English Mastiff
double
down hair
double
topcoat only
countershading
light
countershading
light
reduces its general visibility
tails
to communicate their emotional state
tails
genetic ailments
parasites
serious medical conditions
serious medical conditions
parasites
chocolate
xylitol
chocolate
theobromine
chocolate
nicotine
slow
1.2 years
shorter
2013
1.2 years
10 to 13 years.
Dogue de Bordeaux
5.2 years
Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds
Dogue de Bordeaux
5.2 years
14 to 15 years.
Bluey
Guinness Book of World Records,
1939
Bluey
1939
Guinness Book of World Records,
six to twelve months
the body prepares for pregnancy.
six to twelve months
estrous cycle
58 to 68 days
63 days
six
toy dogs
63 days
six
toy dogs
Neutering
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)
Neutering
by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus
Neutering
by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus
neutered
Neutering
prostate cancer
Spayed female dogs
prostate cancer
prostate cancer
over 200
Chaser
gesturing and pointing
Australian dingos
humans
Dog intelligence
over 200
advanced memory
1,000
9,000–30,000 years BCE
millennia of contact with humans.
human children
millennia of contact with humans.
millennia of contact with humans.
Dog behavior
understand and communicate
human children
scents, pheromones and taste
hand signals
body posture
hand signals
domestic dogs.
atrophy of the jaw muscles.
gray wolves
once a year.
dogs were initially selected for their behaviors.
11
morphology and behavior
tameness
aggression
production-related traits
dogs were initially selected for their behaviors.
11
aggression
525 million
525 million
525 million:225
territory disputes
fearless
large wild dogs
territory disputes
sheep
Russia
Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards.
Striped hyenas
alligators and pythons
Leopards
Tigers
alligators and pythons
Striped hyenas
carnivores or omnivores
vegetables and grains
meat-specific protein
carnivores or omnivores
meat-specific protein
starch digestion
artificially selected
artificially selected
selective breeding
Irish Wolfhound
few hundred years old
hundreds
blue
selective breeding
selective breed
Modern dog breeds
selective breeding
dog types and dog breeds
Modern dog breeds
the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic.
four
Malamute and Shar Pei
herding
four
old world dogs
all others
bite inhibition
sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication
successful species on the planet today.
bite inhibition
ubiquitous
hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals.
man's best friend
meat
dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps.
three dog night
acute hearing
cleaning up food scraps
three dog night
cooperative hunting
cooperative hunting
robust sense of smell
domestication of the wolf
Emigrants from Siberia
Emigrants from Siberia
Emigrants from Siberia
12,000 years ago
Athabascan
Apache and Navajo
horse
a four-to-five-month-old puppy
humans and dogs
after World War II
1980s
kept outside more often than they tend to be today
elites
kept outside more often than they tend to be today
1980s
commodification
two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs.
two
commodification
dogs-as-dogs
commodity forms
urine marking
urine marking
18th century
urine marking
urine marking
part of the family
Dog Whisperer.
part of the family
Dog Whisperer
helping with the washing-up
helping with the washing-up
activities centered on the perceived needs and interests of the dog, or in which the dog is an integral partner,
helping with the washing-up
helping with the washing-up
77.5 million
77.5 million
magnetic resonance imaging
magnetic resonance imaging
magnetic resonance imaging
emotion
MRI
emotional human sounds,
man's best friend
hunt
nets
husky-terrier mix
husky-terrier mix
man's best friend
pointers and hounds
nets
husky-terrier mix
1957
Service dogs
epileptics
breed shows
a judge familiar with the specific dog breed
a judge familiar with the specific dog breed
externally observable qualities
externally observable qualities
a judge familiar with the specific dog breed
externally observable qualities
ability or health
East Asian countries
taboo.
lungs
western hypocrisy
taboo
medicinal properties
gaejang-guk
gaejang-guk
gaejang-guk
boiling dog meat with scallions and chili powder.
balance the body's heat during the summer months
boiling dog meat with scallions and chili powder.
4.5 million
17
26
4.5 million
17
Colorado
12.9
12.9
children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck.
Sharp claws with powerful muscles
Colorado
12.9
Sharp claws with powerful muscles
86,000
two-wheeled
two-wheeled vehicles
dog roundworm
Toxocara canis
14%
retinal damage and decreased vision.
roundworm
14
14%
24
retinal damage and decreased vision
2005
absenteeism
2005
cats
cats
immune-stimulating microorganisms
social
2015
anxiety
wheelchair users
dogs and other animals
increase social behaviors
increased attendance, increased knowledge and skill objectives, and decreased antisocial and violent behavior
late 18th century
dogs and other animals
dogs and other animals
Animal-assisted therapy
Medical detection dogs
40 times
one part per trillion
40 times
Daisy
three-headed
the gates of Hades.
four-eyed
Kimat
thunder
Persian
three-headed
four-eyed
thunder
Kimat
gates of Naraka.
Yama
bronze dog figurines.
Yama
Naraka
a hunting dog as his mount
bronze dog figurines
unclean
scavengers
Hasan Küçük
leather dog booties
scavengers
Hasan Küçük
Lérida, Spain
not permitted to contact passengers, only their luggage
Christianity, dogs represent faithfulness.
before themselves
feed dogs (and other animals that they own)
faithfulness
kind protectors.
China
kind protectors
on the walls of caves.
Hunting
on the walls of caves
Hunting
individual breeds
humans
French Bulldogs
scavengers
scavengers
pet dogs living in human homes.
human camps—more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed.
dogs and humans
poorly controlled
less likely
137,000 km (85,000 mi)
137,000 km (85,000 mi)
one world, one dream
Journey of Harmony
one world, one dream
Beijing, China.
"Journey of Harmony"
85,000 mi
March 24
Panathinaiko Stadium
March 31
six
Silk Road
Panathinaiko Stadium
March 24
Panathinaiko Stadium
March 31.
Mount Everest
hundreds
hundreds
advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record,
Chinese security officials
Chinese government
the number of supporters
the number of supporters
the number of supporters
couple of skirmishes
Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia
Tibetan flags
Tibetan flags
global relays
Tibetan flags
Tibetan flags
he stopped short of cancelling the relay altogether despite calls to do so by some IOC members.
global relays
Beijing Games' Organizing Committee
Beijing Games' Organizing Committee
Lucky Cloud
aluminum.
985 grams
ignition key
Lucky Cloud
aluminum.
37
2
propane.
Air China Airbus A330
Air China Airbus A330
Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game
137,000 km (85,000 mi)
Air China Airbus A330
Air China Airbus A330
Air China Airbus A330
137,000 km (85,000 mi)
137,000 km (85,000 mi)
six continents
Beijing and Taipei
placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau
six continents
over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan.
placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau
24 km
March 24, 2008
torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece.
taekwondo
Maria Nafpliotou
10
torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece.
Maria Nafpliotou
taekwondo
taekwondo
violent confrontations with police
Carrefour
LVMH Group
Nazism's Swastika to the French flag
Kunming
LVMH Group
censorship
Carrefour
People's Daily
People's Daily
People's Daily
Almaty
Nursultan Nazarbaev.
President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev.
Astana Square.
Uighur activists
Kazakhstan
Nursultan Nazarbaev.
20 km
Uighur activists
April 3
Taksim Square
torch relay
Uyghurs
Istanbul
torch relay
started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square.
Uyghurs
Several protesters
April 5
20
Palace Square
Fedor Emelianenko
Saint Petersburg
20
Palace Square.
Fedor Emelianenko
London
O2 Arena
£750,000
London
Wembley Stadium
O2 Arena
30 mi
thugs
e-mailed pleas to boycott the event
Sir Steve Redgrave
Konnie Huq
Gordon Brown
Sir Steve Redgrave
e-mailed pleas to boycott the event
Konnie Huq
Gordon Brown
Ladbroke Grove
April 7
Eiffel Tower
bus
Teddy Riner
April 7
Paris
Eiffel Tower
3,000
five
a Tibetan flag flown from a window in the City Hall by Green Party officials.
Jin Jing
Angel in Wheelchair
Tibetan flag
Jin Jing
Angel in Wheelchair
a Tibetan flag flown from a window in the City Hall by Green Party officials.
Reporters Without Borders
Reporters Without Borders
Notre Dame cathedral
Reporters Without Borders
Reporters Without Borders
Reporters Without Borders
the Trocadéro
Jane Birkin
Thupten Gyatso
the Trocadéro
the Trocadéro
Jane Birkin
freedom of speech
a pause in the National Assembly's session
Respect for Human Rights in China
Freedom for Tibet!
French members of Parliament and other French politicians
a pause in the National Assembly's session
Respect for Human Rights in China
Freedom for Tibet!
Tibetan flags
Libération
the Trocadéro
Michèle Alliot-Marie
Tibetan flags
everywhere except on the Trocadéro.
Michèle Alliot-Marie
struck in the face by a police officer
San Francisco
April 9
Lin Li
San Francisco International Airport
Peter Ueberroth
San Francisco
San Francisco, California
Norman Bellingham
Justin Herman Plaza
Beijing Olympic torch
failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses
April 8
April 1, 2008
Beijing Olympic torch
United Nations Plaza
United Nations Plaza
suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge
KPIX-CBS5
China
suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge
Laurel Sutherlin
trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.
suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge
a warehouse on a waterfront pier
Tibetan flags
Tibetan flags
San Francisco International Airport
San Francisco International Airport
Van Ness Avenue
April 11
Lola Mora
Mauricio Macri
Buenos Aires
Lola Mora
Mauricio Macri
the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espnola.
confetti
Jorge Carcavallo
city hall
Free Tibet
Jorge Carcavallo.
city hall
Human Rights Torch.
Free Tibet
Human Rights Torch Relay
Susan Prager
Friends of Falun Gong
Diego Maradona
1200
water balloons
Friends of Falun Gong
Diego Maradona
1200
water balloons
water balloons
Dar es Salaam
April 13
TAZARA Railway
Dar es Salaam
Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium
Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium
China
Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein.
Muscat
April 14
Sulaf Fawakherji
Muscat
20
Sulaf Fawakherji.
April 16
Jinnah Stadium
President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani
Islamabad
an indoors ceremony with the torch carried around the track of Jinnah Stadium.
70
70
Baichung Bhutia
five
70
70
70
five
Baichung Bhutia
Republic Day celebrations
Nirupama Sen.
Commerce Minister
Kamal Nath
Foreign Ministry
terrorist
terrorist targets.
150,000
democracy
Tibetan exile
150,000
protests
Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit
"rapid deterioration"
Tibetan government in exile
Kiran Bedi
Kiran Bedi
Soha Ali Khan
April 16
Kiran Bedi
Soha Ali Khan
a protest
a protest
caged woman
April 18
M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse
Chinese Embassy
April 18
just over 10 km,
arrest foreign protesters
Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse
April 21
Kuala Lumpur
Independence Square
1964
Independence Square
Petronas Twin Towers.
1964
Special Action Squad
Falun Gong
Falun Gong
a group of Chinese nationals with plastic air-filled batons
Taiwan and Tibet belong to China.
placards
April 22
Chinese embassy
invitees and journalists
Jakarta
20 km
security worries
in the streets around the city main's stadium.
Protests
April 24
Agnes Shea
a message stick
Australian and Chinese officials
Canberra
16 km
16 km
Australian Federal Police.
Agnes Shea
People's Liberation Army
defend our sacred torch
Tony Goh
Stephen Smith
People's Liberation Army
Chinese Students and Scholars Association
Tony Goh
Zhang Rongan
Stephen Smith
Lin Hatfield Dodds
Stephen Smith
Lin Hatfield Dodds
Stephen Smith
Ted Quinlan
between 2,000 and 10,000
ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope
Ian Thorpe
between 2,000 and 10,000
between 2,000 and 10,000
Ted Quinlan
ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope
Nagano
April 26
Nagano
1998 Winter Olympics
Zenk-ji
municipal building
two Chinese guards
Seoul
1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic Park
Chinese students
Seoul
1988 Summer Olympics
April 28
Kim Yong Nam
Pak Du Ik
Juche Tower
Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang.
Pyongyang on April 28.
the authoritarian regime
Pak Du Ik
concerns that the relay would be used as a propaganda stunt.
North Korea
raising awareness of conditions for children
withdrew their staff
raising awareness of conditions for children
North Korea
April 29
Ho Chi Minh City
Tan Son Nhat International Airport
Tan Son Nhat International Airport
Tan Son Nhat International Airport
anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
Spratly and Paracel Islands
China
anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
Prime Minister Nguyn Tn Dng
"Boycott the Beijing Olympics"
iu Cày
Lê Minh Phiu
"Boycott the Beijing Olympics"
Nguyn Văn Hi
tax evasion.
Lê Minh Phiu
dotted lines
May 2
Lee Lai Shan
Donald Tsang
Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai
120
May 2.
Donald Tsang
a dragon boat
120
celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians.
novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames
1989
Christina Chan
a police vehicle
claiming her human rights were breached.
inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy.
Leung Kwok-hung
Christina Chan
The Color Orange democracy group
Pillar of Shame
immigration reasons
Mia Farrow
Legislator Cheung Man Kwong
1989
Pillar of Shame
immigration reasons
Mia Farrow
May 3
Macau Fisherman's Wharf
120
Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng
athletes
May 3
120
Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng
120
Macao Daily News
posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt
orchidbbs.com and cyberctm.com
posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt
posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt
The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation
May 4
Jackie Chan
May 4
April.
IOC
Jackie Chan.
partial and censored
Chinese netizens have in turn accused Western media coverage of being biased.
Libération
Chinese
partial and censored
Reporters Without Borders
Libération
saboteurs
more disruptive protesters
condemned the protests
Marie-José Pérec
radicals
Marie-José Pérec
Xinhua and CCTV
"Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics
Manavjit Singh Sandhu, Abhinav Bindra, Ayaan Ali Khan and Rajinath Singh Rahelu
"Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics
Manavjit Singh Sandhu, Abhinav Bindra, Ayaan Ali Khan and Rajinath Singh Rahelu
The Daily Telegraph
Libération
accusations of Western media bias.
Fu Ying
The Daily Telegraph
Libération
CNN
CNN
insulted
The challenges of reporting in China
Paul Danahar
1,300
Paul Danahar
censorship
People's Daily
People's Daily
an anti-CNN website
The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen.
The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen.
foreign correspondents
30
August 2007
blue tracksuits
Second Right Brother
30
August 2007
blue tracksuits
Second Right Brother
Carrefour
LVMH Group
donating funds to the Dalai Lama
Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag
LVMH Group
pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism.
anti-Japanese protests
People's Daily
Sohu.com
May 1
anti-Japanese protests in 2005.
People's Daily
anti-Japanese protests
Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenzhen
Shoichi Washizawa
great nuisance
vandalised
Shoichi Washizawa
great nuisance
vandalised
8
8
Hong Kong
Jin Jing
Chinese torch relay website
Two
Two
metaphysics
mixed
Kurt Gödel
Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem
Whitehead and Russell's book
Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem
truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them
Principia Mathematica
metaphysics
1916
ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture
useless
1929
1912 and 1927
1929
1929
inert ideas
Whitehead
application in actual life
multidisciplinary, value-free school model
multidisciplinary, value-free school model
Whitehead
their application in actual life.
multidisciplinary, value-free school model
undergraduate education
"This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter."
metaphysicians
Bertrand Russell
undergraduate
profound ignorance
rank amateur
20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized."
they remain unexamined and unquestioned
if philosophy and science are to make any real progress
essential to both good science and good philosophy
metaphysical
they remain unexamined and unquestioned
re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works
metaphysical investigations
reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another
events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another
inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience
exclusively material or else exclusively mental
"philosophy of organism"
an event-based or "process" ontology
an event-based or "process" ontology
an event-based or "process" ontology
experiential
process philosophy
materialists
concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form"
the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world.
a continuum of overlapping events
a "society" of events
active and experiential
change
quality", "matter", and "form"
society
a continuum of overlapping events
discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing
having a "defining essence" or a "core identity"
qualitative and secondary to their core identity
defining essence
occasions of experience
discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space
all things flow"
people define identities
the same things
"material substances" or "essences"
language
thirty
language
language
that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago
an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things
fundamentally separate in time and space, and not necessarily related to anything
the relata themselves
It sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects.
relations
materialism
distinct and discrete
an inert clump of matter
its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it
forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it
it could not be said to really exist
Relations
relations to other entities
if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist.
they are what the thing is
its synthesis of and reaction to the wo rld around it
forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it
Europe and China
William Temple
Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934
practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education
ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology
University of Chicago's Divinity School
Henry Nelson Wieman
John B. Cobb
Professors
China
In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization
Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism
process philosophers
emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts
abstraction
the sheer difficulty and density of his prose
passé
philosophical schools
American pragmatism
William James and John Dewey
Nicholas Rescher
Charles Sanders Peirce
Richard Rorty
severely criticized
Henry Stapp and David Bohm
gravitational waves
local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes
a local approximation
Ideas Improving World Order
Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology
Herman Daly
Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy
Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy
Xie Bangxiu
Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher
"help a person become whole."
Institute for the Postmodern Development of China
Mark Dibben
"applied process thought"
philosophy of management and business ethics
philosophy of business administration and organizational theory
"a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening."
mathematics
metaphysics
processes
reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another
Process and Reality
mathematics
mathematics
metaphysics
metaphysical
processes
Ramsgate, Kent, England
1861
Alfred North's grandfather
Chatham House Academy
Maria Sarah Buckmaster
Ramsgate, Kent, England
1861
minister and schoolmaster
Maria Sarah Whitehead,
Evelyn
University of London system
Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London
Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London
1924
Bachelor of Science degree
Imperial College London
Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London
Imperial College London
1924
Victor Lowe
his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death
almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy
"No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
Victor Lowe
Victor Lowe
his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death.
right to privacy
Principia Mathematica
Principia Mathematica
professional mathematicians
Principia Mathematica
one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century
mathematics
three
Principia Mathematica
Principia Mathematica
1898
the associatively multiplicative class
the comparative study of their several structures
G. B. Mathews
Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions
G. B. Mathews
the comparative study of their several structures
a year
ten years
300
3
today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica
a year
ten years
three
300
Cambridge University Press
among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon
Arthur Eddington's lectures
Process and Reality
professional philosophers
Process and Reality
Arthur Eddington's lectures
His philosophical work is generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand
Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest
fully grasping all of the details and implications
Henry Nelson Wieman
twenty years
Mathews
Chicago's Divinity School
Henry Nelson Wieman
Henry Nelson Wieman
closely associated with Whitehead's thought.
Though Process and Reality
"that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus."
he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions.
Though Process and Reality
Though Process and Reality
how the universe works
he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions.
he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions
the absolute principle of existence
not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them.
consciousness
fundamental creativity/freedom
the absolute principle of existence
valuation of them and reaction to them
causal or mechanistic laws
"to seize."
the mind only has private ideas about other entities
prehension
Latin
to seize
a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious
causal efficacy (or "physical prehension") and presentational immediacy
electrons
entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations, rather than being independent of them
causal efficacy (or "physical prehension") and presentational immediacy (or "conceptual prehension")
senses
delusive
Whitehead
Presentational immediacy
Presentational immediacy
"the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go."
unconscious interpretation
a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other,
symbolic reference
a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other,
Whitehead
a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other,
both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it
a chair
"might have stopped at the mere contemplation of a beautiful color and a beautiful shape."
a dog "would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such."
"life is comparatively deficient in survival value."
they are actively engaged in modifying their environment
living, living well, and living better
increasing its own satisfaction
comparatively deficient in survival value
they are actively engaged in modifying their environment
three
increasing its own satisfaction
totally unintelligible
"they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them."
"the brief Galilean vision of humility"
"the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."
power
religion
primordial nature of God
the consequent nature
dipolar
required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and provided an aim to all entities.
God's reception of the world's activity
God saves and cherishes all experiences forever
the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved.
the way God interacts with the world
finite creatures
actuality and change
eternally unrealized possibilities
God and the world as fulfilling one another
God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe
taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time
individual
"religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious."
a system of general truths that transformed a person's character
a "dangerous delusion"
solitariness
"the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals."
meaning and value do not exist for the individual alone, but only in the context of the universal community
The spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself
mutually dependent
through the work of his students and admirers
Bruno Latour
Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs
Willard Van Orman Quine
"he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror."
American progressive theology
Charles Hartshorne
process theology
John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller
God's relational nature
temporal events
why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God?
respond to the world
C. Robert Mesle,
biology and economics
poststructuralist, postcolonialist, and feminist theory
both a theologian and a geneticist
Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist
process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests
"an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone."
a system of general truths about the world
a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society
to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people.
organizational theory and organizational behavior
an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference."
Stout and Jeannine M. Love
over-priced (under-yielding) investments
conflict of interest
volume of client assets under management.
maximize their compensation
plausible deniability
Countrywide Financial
July 11, 2008
IndyMac
seventh largest
IndyMac Bancorp
April 2008
9.27%
downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds
downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds
minimum 10%
Senator Charles Schumer
Senator Charles Schumer
$18.9 billion
June 30
$500 million
7.5%
7.5%
$10.7 billion
Senator Charles Schumer
unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated
IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB
US$100,000
10,000
July 11, 2008
July 14, 2008
Over 100
Bear Stearns
September and October 2008
Oct. 6, 2008
Lehman Brothers
money market funds
commercial paper
September 2008
$7.1 billion
4.65%
the implosion of the shadow banking system
the implosion of the shadow banking system
investment banks
shadow banking
nearly one-third
the collapse of the shadow banking system
Brookings Institution
securitization
would take a number of years of strong profits
more than a quarter
more than a quarter
20%
$8.8 trillion
$8.8 trillion
a homeowner who has no equity
$6 trillion
Tens of millions
their future profits
Profit prospects
fears of a global economic collapse
UBS
three quarters
three
interest rate cuts
more than a third
14.4%
14.4%
spending too much and borrowing too much
recession
3–4%
$251 billion
300,000
sound economic policymaking and good governance
falls in trade
Arab World
Foreign Direct Investment
significant cushion against the global downturn
lower oil prices
lower oil prices
10.1%
33
6%
10.1%
patent applications
faulty risk-weightings
AAA-rated
Basel III
excessive lending to risky governments
capital ratios
June 2009
June 2009
2008
More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over."
January 27, 2010
"emerging" and "developing" economies
31%
"emerging" and "developing" economies
31%
"emerging" and "developing" economies
Krugman
December 2010
2006
commercial mortgage-backed securities
commercial real estate
mortgage-backed security and the collateralized debt obligation
$70 trillion
roughly doubled
mortgage-backed security and the collateralized debt obligation
$70 trillion
collateralized debt obligation
collateralized debt obligation
investment-grade
cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations
higher rate of return
20%
20%
1.3 million
2.3 million
14.4%
1.0%
deflation
credit
excessive credit growth
Lower interest rates
$650 billion
current account deficit
emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations
balance of payments
foreign funds
raised the Fed funds rate
adjustable-rate mortgage
asset prices
raised the Fed funds rate
U.S. housing and financial assets
Richard M. Bowen III
Richard M. Bowen III
1,600
1,600
80%
Clayton Holdings
scarcely 54%
28%
28%
900,000
Predatory lending
Countrywide Financial
adjustable rate mortgage
negative amortization
low interest rates
adjustable rate mortgages
adjustable rate mortgages
home equity had disappeared
the Office of Thrift Supervision
weak credit
Paul Krugman
Paul Krugman
unconventional business practices
Paul Krugman
unconventional business practices
leveraged
complex financial instruments
virtually impossible
made it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy
complex financial instruments
significantly increased their financial leverage
financial shock
Changes in capital requirements
$4.1 trillion
Lehman Brothers
saving more during adverse economic conditions
paradox of thrift
cause or deepen a recession
Hyman Minsky
significant declines in the value of their assets
Janet Yellen
recession
recession
cancelling planned investments and laying off workers
balance sheet deleveraging
financial innovation
adjustable-rate mortgage
CDS
credit default swaps
expanded dramatically
2007
$20 billion
$20 billion
subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt
$20 billion
boom in innovative financial products
multiplied
computer models
computer models
In 2005 a group of computer scientists built a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies,
interest rates or fees
pricing of risk
a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures
straightforward, readily understandable format
a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures
risk inherent with financial innovation
For a variety of reasons
approximately 32 cents on the dollar
approximately five cents for every dollar
JPMorgan
AIG
credit default swaps
September 2008
over $180 billion
a promise to pay money to party A
George Soros
financial assets became more and more complex
the originators of synthetic products
George Soros
risks were much smaller
World Scientific
Merrill Lynch
Merrill Lynch
propose models rectifying some of the copula limitations
Merrill Lynch
Timothy Geithner
Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets
entities in the "parallel" banking system
shadow banking system
maturity mismatch
securitization markets
2008
More than a third
Brookings Institution
would take a number of years of strong profits
Mark Zandi
Mark Zandi
close to $2 trillion
less than $150 billion
Federal Reserve's TALF program
Rapid increases in a number of commodity prices
tripled
tripled
monetary policy
gasoline
former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets
IntercontinentalExchange
former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets
European and U.S. authorities
London and New York
Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt
Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt
feminist economics and ecological economics
Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt
Raghuram Rajan
Raghuram Rajan
Alan Greenspan
"Has Financial Development Made the World Riskier?"
tail risks
Raghuram Rajan
Great Moderation
12
the Austrian economic school
the Austrian economic school
BusinessWeek
BusinessWeek
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal
Nouriel Roubini
"Dr. Doom"
Nassim Nicholas Taleb
David Brooks
2007
establishment view
Phil Dow
54.7%
54.7%
Floyd Norris
Northern Rock
Bank of England
September 2007
February 2008
Northern Rock
IndyMac
Appraisals obtained by IndyMac on underlying collateral
IndyMac
Alt-A
resisted efforts to regulate its involvement in those loans or tighten their issuing criteria
half
63 percent
77
77
half
the European Commission at Brussels
0.1%
1.0%
0.3%
3%
lower wages and higher unemployment
enacted large fiscal stimulus packages
lender-of-last-resort
lender-of-last-resort
lower wages and higher unemployment
credit freeze
US$2.5 trillion
$1.5 trillion
another monetary policy
emerging markets
Barack Obama
consumer protection
limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading.
Paul Volcker
Paul Volcker
May 2010
December 2009
Volcker Rule
Senate
bailout of banks
trillions of U.S. dollars
August 9, 2007
2012
BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds
2004
2008 and early 2009
the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate
easy access to loans for subprime borrowers, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages
easy access to loans for subprime borrowers, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages
Levin–Coburn Report
Glass-Steagall Act
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
credit rating agencies
credit rating agencies and investors
collateralized debt obligations
collateralized debt obligations
subprime MBS
financial innovation
mortgage payments and housing prices
trillions
foreclosure
The ongoing foreclosure epidemic
Defaults and losses on other loan types
The ongoing foreclosure epidemic
investment banks and hedge funds
investment banks and hedge funds
financialization
1970s
1970s
significant debt burdens
slowing economic activity
commercial paper
Governments
large loan defaults or MBS losses
January 2011
widespread failures in financial regulation
Federal Reserve
excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street
excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street
riskier mortgages
2003
2004–2007
2004–2007
relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises
government affordable housing policy
Paul Krugman
government affordable housing policy
GSE loans
government affordable housing policy
6
over $2 trillion
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Peter J. Wallison
6
accounting discrepancies
safety and soundness of the GSEs
September 10, 2003
never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac,
accounting discrepancies
$467 billion
$467 billion
$467 billion
25%
25%
1995
$4.5 trillion
the faulty and self-serving assumption that high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average) equal “subprime” loans.
delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of sub prime lending
terrorist attack on September 11, 2001
investment banks and hedge funds
investment banks and hedge funds
Portfolio Magazine
investment banks and hedge funds
credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs
it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans
low or no downpayments
it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans
1997–2007
Krugman
160
Saint-Barthélemy Channel
Turtle rocks
Renaissance
Île Chevreau
Saint-Barthélemoise
French
500–700
French
geographically, and not racially
Saint Martin
nineteen
March 2012
15 July 2007
nineteen
September 2014
St. Barthélemy became an overseas territory of the European Union
One
21 September 2008
six policemen and thirteen gendarmes
difficult
Sweet potato
salt
vegetables, cotton, pineapples, salt, bananas and also fishing
the port of Gustavia
the rich and famous
200,000
€61,200,000
International investment and the wealth generated by wealthy tourists
by airplane or boat
25
58
Brazil and Portugal
12
400
cacti and succulent
eastern
indigenous species
mangroves
Pacific islands
5 to 7 m
cereus
South America
1773
5 to 7 m
December till May
December till May.
Turtles
jellyfish
tall sea grasses
pearly-pink
on the reefs
close to the shore line
ghost crabs,
eat garbage and sewerage
1.200
coral reefs, seagrass and endangered marine species including sea turtles
Anchoring
1.200
Anchoring
the Swedes
Gustav Adolph
1787
a modern military building
on the far side of La Pointe
over 70
hotels
les petits creux
spicier
gastronomic events
every alternate year
Concarneau
10 m
10 m
two
Gustaf III Airport
regional commercial aircraft and charters
Princess Juliana International Airport
Sint Maarten
Gustaf III Airport
France
Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy
St. Barts or St. Barths in English
Ouanalao
Puerto Rico
9,035
9,035
Gustavia
Swedish
the winter holiday season
Guadeloupe
2003
2007
Hotel de la Collectivité
senator
Colombier Bay
Grande Saline Bay
coral reef
shallow
marine reserve
"Anse de..." etc.
"Anse de..." etc.
"Anse de..." etc.
"Anse de..." etc.
windsurfing
arid
2,500
1000 mm
May to November
13 °C
1744
1785
Carénage
Gustavia
neutral
St. Barts Municipal Museum
Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy
Gustavia
French, Swedish and British
ancestral costumes, antique tools, models of Creole houses
molecular biology and genetics
RNA
RNA
Hans Winkler
professor of botany
University of Hamburg
biome, rhizome
the gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the somatic cell
meiosis
mitochondria and chloroplasts
genomics
single genes or groups of genes
sequenced
C-value paradox
protozoan causing trichomoniasis
60,000
almost three times
Walter Fiers
Bacteriophage MS2
Fred Sanger
The Institute for Genomic Research
1996
US National Institutes of Health
a mouse
puffer fish
December 2013
130,000
massive parallel sequencing
Manteia Predictive Medicine
James D. Watson
the structure of DNA
a genome sequence
The Human Genome Project
Jean Weissenbach
Jean Weissenbach
Genome composition
evolutionary history
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
repetitive DNA
mammals and plants
sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe
a virus
plasmids
plants, protozoa and animals
plastome
mitochondrial genome
Genome size
morphological complexity
repetitive DNA act
single cell organisms
in vivo and in silico
Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes
length of non-repetitive DNA
length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size
lower eukaryotes
C. elegans and fruit fly
no more than 20%
tandem repeats and interspersed repeats
length of repetitive DNA
slippage
slippage
mammalian
integrate
TEs
retrotransposons
DNA transposons
RNA
cut and paste
Class 2
karyotype
chromosome number
Duplications
creation of genetic novelty
Horizontal gene transfer
microbes
eukaryotic cells
comprehensive school
selective school system
Wales
90%
German Gesamtschule
design and technology and vocational learning
Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges
City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes
164
1965
neighbourhood
Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges
1970s
7 to 16
comprehensive
college preparatory
Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur
less than 1%
less than 1%
Sekundarschule in Berlin
Sekundarschule in Berlin
2010/2011
college preparatory classes
Abitur
the Hauptschule
grade inflation
Barbara Sommer
Sigrid Beer
Christian Democratic Union
Alliance '90/The Greens
Gesamtschulen
middle class peers
a Hauptschule
Helmut Fend
tripartite system
1972
sixth form
A-levels
Comprehensive schools
Patrick Hillery
vocational school system
community school
the secular community model of the 1970s
The state
denominational basis of the schools
Community colleges
1946
Walworth School
Walworth School
1949
Tividale Comprehensive School
Anthony Crosland
1965
Virtual bipartite system
Margaret Thatcher
prohibitively expensive
Margaret Thatcher
11-plus
large neighbourhood comprehensives
Sandwell and Dudley
Sandwell and Dudley
James Callaghan
Comprehensive school
James Callaghan
1988 Education Reform Act
1988
specialisation
league tables of school performance
Scotland
specialist schools
2005
Scotland
Wales
République du Congo
Cameroon
Cameroon
Cameroon
Central Africa
Bantu
1960
Denis Sassou Nguesso
Denis Sassou Nguesso
fourth largest
unequal distribution of oil revenues
Bantu-speaking peoples
1500 BC
Bantu
Diogo Co
Portuguese
Bantu kingdoms
late 19th century
19th
1880
Pierre de Brazza
Middle Congo
French Equatorial Africa
14,000
Brazzaville
1944
1946
Fourth Republic
1958
revision of the French constitution
Republic of the Congo
1959
August 15, 1960
Fulbert Youlou
Alphonse Massamba-Débat
Fulbert Youlou
Alphonse Massamba-Débat.
Massamba-Débat
scientific socialism
Cuban army
September 1968
Marien Ngouabi
the People's Republic of the Congo
Congolese Labour Party
1972
March 16, 1977
Sassou Nguesso
Soviet Union
dictatorship
patronage
Pascal Lissouba
IMF
enhanced structural adjustment facility
enhanced structural adjustment facility
Sassou
Cobras
Angolan socialist régime
October
Andre Milongo
seven years
January 2002
April 2003
Sassou
Congolese Observatory of Human Rights
very low
multi-party
Congolese Labour Party
Parti Congolais du Travail
corruption revelations
110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France
Sassou Nguesso
Sassou Nguesso
the government
one
one
Pygmies
pets
December 30, 2010
4°N and 5°S
11° and 19°E
Atlantic Ocean
Cameroon and the Central African Republic
Angola
Brazzaville
Congo River
Kinshasa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kouilou-Niari
Kouilou-Niari River
Kouilou-Niari
Forests
Equator
24 °C (75 °F)
16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F)
June to August
researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society
Sangha Region
inhospitable swamps
Petroleum extraction
budget problems and overstaffing
Petroleum extraction
65%
65%
rapidly rising oil revenues
rapidly rising oil revenues
devaluation of Franc Zone currencies
devaluation of Franc Zone currencies
June 1997
slumping oil prices
December 1998
stimulating recovery and reducing poverty
diamonds
2007
gold, iron and phosphate
Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa
200,000 hectares
Transport in the Republic of the Congo
1930s
Paris
Atlantic Ocean
southwest
70%
62
Kongo
2%
12%
about 9,000
French
300
Catholics
22.3%
19.9%
1.6%
Followers of Islam
8.9%
2.8%
$30
20
560
Female genital mutilation
560
16
44%
baccalaureate
French
prime minister
prime minister
minority
Westminster system
ceremonial
The prime minister
royal prerogative
a member of parliament
First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service
Benjamin Netanyahu
Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal Richelieu
prime minister of France
Louis XIV
18th
Sir Robert Walpole
Clarendon
Clarendon
Clarendon
the monarch
the monarch
Harley and St John
Clarendon
Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch
Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch
House of Commons
Anne
Anne
Hanover
twenty-one years
Whig
doctrine of cabinet solidarity
resign
Lord Melbourne
Walpole
complexity and expense
Benjamin Disraeli
1905
constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president
Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah
1970
Bahrain
Finland
Finland
Premier of the State Council
Taiwan
the legislature
(political) cohabitation
force the resignation of the government
the process of his/her appointment
appointment and dismissal
just one place
Zngl
the Constitution Act
1982
composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers
Czech Republic's constitution
first decade of the twentieth century
First Lord of the Treasury
1905
Margaret Thatcher
1979
1990
reshuffle her cabinet
'renominated'
the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament
every general election
the lower house of parliament
by giving a right to block supply to upper houses
Where they lose a vote of confidence
prime minister
prime minister and his or her government
prime minister
1918
Taoiseach
Taoiseach
cabinet
if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party
Rosh HaMemshalah
Rosh HaMemshalah
President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno)
Rosh HaMemshalah
president of the council of ministers
statsminister
premier
Germany and Austria
Minister of State
Secretary of State
not actually a head of state, but the head of the government
Excellency
Right Honourable
Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council
Canada
Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh
First Minister
Pradhan Mantri
Wazir-e-Azam
Grand Vizier
Cabinet Office
Cabinet Office
IT
early 19th century
École Polytechnique
Greek
polytechnic
the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary
after World War II
Collegium Carolinum
1794
institutions of higher education
1992
University of Westminster
Regent Street
polytechnics and institutes of technology
University of Technology
College of Advanced Education system
TAFE
Melbourne Polytechnic
2009
seven
Fachhochschule
bachelor's degrees and master's degrees
ammattikorkeakoulu
academization
four
three
Cambodia
Affiliate Schools
Quebec
public funding
Polytechnics Canada
collaborative institute-industry projects
Imperial Tientsin University
Capital University
about half
1997
The Geophysics Institute
Quito Astronomical Observatory
National Polytechnic School
1873
cobalt-60
the country's development
Provisional Governing Board
Instituts de technologie of French-speaking areas and Technische Universität of Germany
180
normal university
academic universities in Finland
"university of applied sciences"
yrkeshögskola
engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French grandes écoles
institut universitaire de technologie
IUT
Fachhochschule
Escola Politécnica
French education system
Escola Politécnica
1970s
specific professions
business
TU
research
RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU München
nine
17
17
Saxony
Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule
N.1404/1983 Higher Education Reform Act
The Hong Kong Polytechnic
1972
1984
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
1994
the Court Chamber of Vienna
the Court Chamber of Vienna
the Court Chamber of Vienna
30
30
AICTE
a specific academic award usually awarded in technical or vocational courses
four
three
Regional Technical College
Trinity College
Politecnico
two
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
Imperial College of Engineering
sciences
44
UNESCO
Ipoh
87,440
87,440
87,440
University of Technology, Mauritius
technology
Education Act 1989
Universal College of Learning
Education Act 1989
Wellington Polytechnic
1990s
Central Institute of Technology
North Island
Auckland University of Technology
10th grade
to train people in various trades
three years
BE
4 years full-time program after finishing 13 years of education (international high school certificate)
Politechnika
short-cycle degrees
Bologna Process
Millennia Institute
5
three
Banská Akadémia
1735
Banská Akadémia
1764
teaching
Technikons
1993
2004
technical colleges
bachelor's degrees
Pathumwan Institute of Technology
Rajamangala University of Technology
Institute of Technology and Vocational Education
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology
Mahanakorn University of Technology
1989
Mahanakorn University of Technology
Bursa Technical University
six
Ankara and Trabzon
1970
UK Council for National Academic Awards
Central Institutions
1838
"Institute of Technology"
Loughborough University
1960s
Further and Higher Education Act 1992
CNAA
regional colleges
"technical institute" or "technical school"
"technical institute" or "technical school"
1824
New York University Tandon School of Engineering
middle class
1950s
Caracas
Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio
The Wayback Machine
the Internet Archive
San Francisco
Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat
three dimensional index
archiving cached pages of web sites
if the content has changed
to archive the entire Internet
The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show
Mr. Peabody and Sherman
WABAC machine
1996
crawlers
robots exclusion standard
Archive-It.org
Kahle
Kahle
fifth anniversary
University of California, Berkeley
twenty-four months
twenty-four months
variable
the Open Directory
Jeff Kaplan
November 2010
three petabytes
12 terabytes/month
PetaBox rack systems
Capricorn Technologies
2009
Sun Open Storage
Sun Microsystems' California campus
2011
March 2011
2008
2010
Save a Page
October 2013
Chordiant Software Inc.
robots.txt
robots.txt
defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site
Chordiant
Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd
San Jose Division
Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd
Telewizja Polska
Dish Network
Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys
Ronald Guzman
examining a patent application
authoritative statement of the archivist
technical limitations
submitting screen shots of web pages
fill out forms
fill out forms
copyright laws
the content creator
FAQ
Scientology
the site owner
lawyers from the Church of Scientology
Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey
Healthcare Advocates
Internet Archive
copyright infringement as well as violations of the DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
Robots.txt
Robots.txt
Robots.txt
ask us to stop crawling or archiving
$100,000
$100,000
United States District Court for the Northern District of California
dismissed
April 25, 2007
Suzanne Shell
Suzanne Shell
DMCA
Federal Court of Canada
United Provinces (Verenigde Provincin), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata)
1795
the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands
the Low Countries
Flanders
House of Habsburg
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
1568
Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces
In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht,
In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht,
Act of Abjuration
declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II.
they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army
the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp
a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583
10 July 1584
Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England
1588
1783–1795
France
the Batavian Republic
1813
Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège
the Dutch Republic
The County of Holland
1602
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Amsterdam
Between 1590–1712
Africa and the Pacific
Indian Ocean and in the Orient
seven
federal government
representatives of each of the seven provinces
County of Drenthe
exempt from paying federal taxes
raadspensionaris
the stadtholder
the stadtholder
the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province
William the Silent
Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
Orangists
Republicans
Peace of Westphalia
federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden)
Venlo, after 1715)
The States General of the United Provinces
Holland and/or Zeeland
The framers of the US Constitution
James Madison
declaration of independence of the United Provinces
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579
Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion
William of Orange
the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.
the Reformed Church
time period and regional or city leaders
banned from the city
freedom of religion
predestination
Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants
Synod of Dort
Beginning in the 18th century
private churches
Symbiosis
mutualistic relationship in lichens
Heinrich Anton de Bary
"de Bary" definition
obligate
facultative
fungal and photosynthetic
mistletoe
disjunctive symbiosis
endosymbiosis
10%–15% of insects
Frankia
10%–15%
barnacles
lice
exosymbiosis
interspecies reciprocal altruism
lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact
mutualistic gut flora
Coral reefs
fix carbon from the air
fix carbon from the air, and mycorrhyzal fungi,
mutual symbiosis
mucus
mutual symbiosis
goby fish
the goby fish
bryozoans and hermit crabs
Galapagos Islands
nutrition
Galapagos Islands
nutrients
producing some specialized cells
to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts
drastic reduction in its genome size
Muller's ratchet phenomenon
lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment
com- and mensa,
Commensalism
inquilinism
metabiosis
phoresy
A parasitic relationship
necrotrophic
biotrophic
as many as half
a tick
Amensalism
antibiosis
omnipresent
juglone
Spanish ibex and weevils
shrub
Amensalism
Synnecrosis
death
uncommon
to protect the hive
endosymbiotic
plants, animals, fungi, and protists
endo symbiosis
Margulis and Dorion Sagan
Symbiosis
nectar and large sticky pollen
dependent
Forces armées canadiennes
National Defence Act
Canadian Armed Forces
les Forces canadiennes
four
National Defence Act
Elizabeth II
Governor General of Canada
Chief of the Defence Staff
Armed Forces Council.
Cold War
Europe
contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat
1950s
1990s
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
2002
out of area
Canada First Defence Strategy
2008
six core missions
six core missions
the Canadian Armed Forces
Canadian Defence Attachés
System of Cooperation Among the American Air Forces
the Canadian Armed Forces
outreach and relationship-building efforts
1867
French and British forces
aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers
defence of their respective territories
United States
British Crown-in-Council
Halifax
1906
Department of Militia and Defence
November 1940
Second Boer War
several units were raised to serve under British command
First World War
Second World War
Korean War
more than 200
more than 200
Kosovo War
United Nations Peacekeeping operations
an aircraft carrier
Normandy Landings
strategic bombing of German cities
Battle of Vimy Ridge
Croatia
Canada
Soviet Union
third-largest
1 February 1968
Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force
Canadian Corps
1931
First World War
Canadian Armed Forces
1980s
2013
Canadian Forces
Land Forces
2011
ISAF
Government of Afghanistan
Land Forces
$20.1 billion
$20.1 billion
119,000
2020
124,000
Canada First Defence Strategy
purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness
rate of loss of existing members
main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems)
medium range transport aircraft fleet
CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters
2006
medicine, communication, logistics, and administration
1971
vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers
replenishment ships
Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery
5 February 1987
Minister of National Defence
Combat-Related Employment of Women
1989
submarine service
100 percent
Jean Chretien
mixed-gender force
combat boots
brassiere undergarments
senior-ranking personnel
Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces
governor general
troop deployment and disposition orders
either the monarch or governor general
his or her ministers in Cabinet
115,349
Chief of the Defence Staff
Chief of the Defence Staff
Ottawa, Ontario
Canadian Joint Operations Command and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, and the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations.
27
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School
Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax
Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax
Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax
all over the world
the Commander of the Canadian Army
four divisions
the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division
the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division
the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division
3
one
A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance
A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance
Major training and support establishments
Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force
Winnipeg
eleven
Wings
Manitoba
Winnipeg and North Bay
Geilenkirchen, Germany
NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador
RCAF and Joint Task Force (North)
a chain of forward operating locations
fighter operations
CF-18
CF-18
Canadian Expeditionary Force Command
Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command
cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget
Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC
CFB Trenton
Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit
the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks
CFS Leitrim in Ottawa
CAF Cyber Task Force,
Director General Cyber
Director General Cyber
Canadian Armed Forces
the Surgeon General
the Surgeon General
national emergency or threat
50,000
Chief of Reserves and Cadets
NDHQ
Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service
Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service
Cadet Instructors Cadre
on the "Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List" (CISS List)
arctic
arctic
arctic
Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory
service dress
gloves, swords, and medals
operational dress
Approved parkas
ceremonial/regimental full dress
ballcap
the distinctive uniform worn
The beret
CG634 helmet
The Constitution of Canada
3,000
the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees.
assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses
cardinal
ninth century
ninth century
cardinal
College of Minor Canons
deacons
8th
decree of a synod of 769
Nicholas II
Papal Bull In nomine Domini
1244
Pope Innocent IV
church men
747
1567
747
747
1567
1567
1563
Pope Pius IV
1563
Pope Pius IV
French kings
secular affairs.
Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal Richelieu
Henry, King of Portugal
70
six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons.
Pope John XXIII
120
twenty-five
120
set no limit on the number of cardinals generally
a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees
The Dean of the College of Cardinals
Ostia
1630
Pope Urban VIII
Prince
crowned monarchs
Pope Urban VIII
"Cardinal [First name] [Surname]"
Cardinal [First name] [Surname]
"Cardinal"
Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis
they do not belong to the Roman clergy
the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order
the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order
1378
1378
concordate
the cardinalate
Cardinal bishops
cardinals of the episcopal order
Cardinal bishops
Roman priest
apostolic succession
Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.
Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.
seven
1914
Pope Pius X
Velletri
1962
Ostia
Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome
1962
Ostia
Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome
College of Cardinals
the pope
a gold ring
kissed
wide-brimmed hat called a galero.
1969
scarlet biretta
scarlet
willingness to die for his faith
cassock, mozzetta, and biretta
bird of the same name
1460s
expires
Pope Martin V
marry
priests or bishops
priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals
ordination
1962
1917
1962
College of Cardinals
cardinal protodeacon
Vatican City State
1978
cardinal deacons
over 50
10 years
about half
one third
the seven deacons in the Papal Household
cardinal deacons
The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests
Brazil
the Pope
title of a suburbicarian see
Cardinal priests
cardinal bishops
Cardinal priests
pope
a titular church in Rome
1587
70
Pope John XXIII
Indo-European
Indo-Iranian languages
Indo-European language family
400 BCE
Middle Persian
86
Proto-Iranian
Persian and Sanskrit
1836
Christian Lassen
Indo-Aryan
1878
Proto-Iranian
Central Asia
Andronovo
2000 BC
Thracian, Balto-Slavic
southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia
Middle Iranian
two
the Behistun inscription
circa 520 BC
4th century BC
Avestan
vohu daena
Rigvedic Sanskrit
Old Persian
Kurdish
Scythian
Old Avestan
Old Persian
Old Avestan
* and *d
Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants
Nuristani languages
*w and *dw
consonant clusters
other distinct dialect groups
Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian
Old Parthian
9th century
Western and Eastern
Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian)
Avestan
Aramaic
Greek script
Pahlavi
3rd
Latin
Syriac script
Islam
Dari
The Saffarid dynasty
875 CE
Khorasan
Arabic
second half of the 8th century
1920s
Cyrillicized
the Soviet government
Khuzestan
Arabic
6th century AD
Saka as Ossetic
Saka as Ossetic
Daylighting
psychological
save energy
artificial light
illumination
Daylighting
illumination
psychological
save energy
illumination
light fixtures
Indoor lighting
Indoor lighting
light fixtures
Indoor lighting
1939
Recessed lighting
400,000 BCE
birds and fish
campfires or torches
Lascaux caves
incandescent
1800s
Segmented
Lighting fixtures
to provide directed light and to avoid visual glare
lumen per watt
daylight
daylight
blue-white
blue-white
task
Lightolier
A master transformer
cable lighting
12 or 24 volts
torchiere
portable or table lamp
task lighting
a dark nightclub
1960s and 1970s
accent lighting
a row of small lights
LED based versions
low wattage, low voltage lamps in a track or translucent tube
Street Lights
photovoltaic
Floodlights
roadways
Entry lights
red
white or selective yellow lights
1950s
White rear-facing reversing lamps
Flashing turn signals
light bulbs
electrical energy
wax candle
800 lumens
architectural lighting design
wn
Radiance
tabular data
Daylight factor calculation.
materials used on walls and furniture
materials used on walls and furniture
Photometric studies
computer
stage lighting
candela (cd)
cd/m2
stilb
lumen (lm)
luminosity function
Lux
Unified Glare Rating
correlated color temperature
correlated color temperature
CRI
CCT
gamut area index
GAI
a
an individual's or an object's exposure to something in the environment,
Daysimeter
Daysimeter
30 days
circadian
Specification of illumination requirements
Lighting control systems
easier installation (no need to run control wires) and interoperability with other standards-based building control systems
ZigBee
no need to run control wires)
Occupancy sensors
changes in heat
Ultrasonic
When motion can no longer be detected,
Daylighting
lack of information
LEDs
nonimaging optics
higher lighting levels
Alzheimer's Disease
24
circadian cycle
Robert Ulrich
no
no
University of Toronto Scarborough
University of Toronto Scarborough
Dr. Abraham Gesner
1849
coal-gas
mercury
not all of them are suitable for dimming.
10%
50,000
up to 50,000 hours
70%
Light pollution
glare
searchlights and flares
light
infrared cameras
Flares
Flares
The International Commission on Illumination
The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
ANSI and ASHRAE
photometric data
International Association of Lighting Designers
Professional Lighting Designers Association
Professional Lighting Designers Association
NCQLP
National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions
LC
CLEP and CLMC
Professional Lighting And Sound Association
UK
Professional Lighting And Sound Association
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive
The Spirit of the Laws
The Spirit of the Laws
the United States Constitution
system of checks and balances
separation of powers
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Montesquieu
United States Constitution
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Montesquieu
Strict separation of powers
parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government
separate and distinct
United Kingdom
Court of Appeals
Congress
Clinton v. City of New York
Clinton v. City of New York
Congress
nondelegation doctrine
Clinton v. City of New York
Clinton v. City of New York
Wayman v. Southard
1825
Chief Justice John Marshall
legislative
Wayman v. Southard
Chief Justice John Marshall
1930s
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495
1935
1935
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy
Senate
impeachment
quasi-judicial
Executive
the President
impeachment
Congress
restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties
INS v. Chadha
1983
two-thirds
Supreme Court
good behavior
Senate
constitutional courts
Judicial power
good behavior
Senate
legislative courts
exercise the judicial power of the United States
The Vice President
two-thirds
The Vice President
president
president
commander in Chief of the Army and Navy
Congress
Senate
executive branch and the legislative branch
Marbury v. Madison
the Supreme Court
Congress
the Supreme Court
The Chief Justice
James Madison
Federalist 51
dominance of one of the three branches
John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams
one
twelve
Andrew Jackson
twenty-nine
Tenure of Office Act
Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland
Panama Refining v. Ryan,
Panama Refining v. Ryan,
national security
checks and balances
the Supreme Court
Florida Supreme Court
Florida Supreme Court
cultural symbols
architectura
 arkhitekton
Architectural works
their surviving architectural achievements
 arkhitekton
"chief" and  "builder"
the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures
cultural symbols and as works of art
Historical civilizations
De architectura
Vitruvius
early 1st century AD.
firmness, commodity and delight.
De architectura
Vitruvius
architect
firmitas, utilitas, venustas
firmness, commodity and delight
16th century
Vasari
Italian, French, Spanish and English
three
Leon Battista Alberti
proportion
Golden mean
style
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
1836
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
1836
the modern, industrial world
Gothic
John Ruskin
John Ruskin
art critic
1849
to his mental health, power, and pleasure
a building is not truly a work of architecture
aesthetic
it is in some way "adorned"
rustication
Le Corbusier
Le Corbusier
Architect
Le Corbusier
touch my heart
happy
Function
aesthetic, psychological and cultural
Vitruvius
all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building
skepticism
rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
poststructuralism
late 20th century
sustainability
environment
non-sustainable power sources
shelter, security, worship
human cultures
craft
architecture
needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials
vernacular buildings
Anatolia
trial and error
vernacular architecture
mostly rural
Anatolia
Anatolia
Egypt and Mesopotamia
Egypt and Mesopotamia
the divine and the supernatural
monumentality
Shilpa Shastras
Shilpa Shastras
7th–5th centuries BCE
Shilpa Shastras
Shilpa Shastras
pantheistic religion
Buddhist architecture
3rd century BCE
expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm
the Shastras
Buddhist
pantheistic religion
the pointed arch
7th century CE
Middle East and Byzantium
Islamic architecture
the pointed arch
the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals.
abbeys and cathedrals
clerics and tradesmen
clerics and tradesmen
clerics and tradesmen
900 CE onwards
Renaissance Humanism
1400 onwards
Renaissance Europe
Renaissance Humanism
Renaissance Humanism
artist, architect and engineer
Architecture
Architecture
cost estimation
Nunzia Rondanini
Through its aesthetic dimension
social life
social development
Nunzia Rondanini
a purposeless quest for perfection or originality
a purposeless quest for perfection or originality
form
civic ideals
civic ideals
civic ideals
Architectural "style"
ancient time
specific formal prescriptions
canons
Roman
religious
written contracts
written contracts
ecclesiastical buildings
Magister lathomorum
the Classical style
generalist
aesthetics
technical aspects of building design
Neo Gothic or Scottish Baronial
context and feasibility
offices of other architects
mass production and consumption
ornamented products
Aesthetics
pattern books and architectural journals
current architectural design
revivalist architecture
Modern Architecture
1907
to produce better quality machine made objects
Bauhaus school
avant-garde
middle and working classes
the rapidly declining aristocratic order
functionalist
functionalist
Frank Lloyd Wright
Robie House and Fallingwater
Frank Lloyd Wright
the Industrial Revolution
steel-frame construction
International Style
Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center
Minoru Yamasaki
decorative richness
Brutalism,
concrete
modernism and Brutalism
metaphoric architecture
biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture
metaphoric
expressionist architecture
late 1950s and 1960s
modernism
Charles Moore
Robert Venturi
Robert Venturi
1980s
one person
Modernism and Postmodernism
Environmental sustainability
environment
Frank Lloyd Wright
Ian McHarg and Sim Van der Ryn
U.S. Green Building Council
Metaphoric architecture
solitary housing estates
architectural tradition and classical design
modernist and globally uniform architecture
life expectancy, education, and income per capita
longer
Mahbub ul Haq
United Nations Development Programme
longer
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
the IHDI is the actual level of human development
the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development
Mahbub ul Haq
Amartya Sen
people-centered policies
Mahbub ul Haq
Mean years of schooling
Mean years of schooling
5-year-old
5-year-old
United Nations Development Programme
December 14, 2015
estimates for 2014
July 24, 2014
estimates for 2013
Inequality
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
Cuba
very high
the lack of necessary data
North Korea
March 14, 2013
estimates for 2012
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
Barbados
Barbados
The 2011 Human Development Report
New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan
New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan
the unavailability of certain crucial data
North Korea
November 4, 2010
the United Nations Development Program
income, life expectancy, and education
New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Republic of China (Taiwan), Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Malta, Brunei, Qatar, Bahrain and Barbados
the unavailability of certain crucial data
Cuba
High Human Development country
October 5, 2009
2007
Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development
very high human development
developed countries
not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication
statistical update
without an accompanying Human Development Report
2006
November 27, 2007
Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world
2005
2005
Braslia, Brazil
decrease in HDI of high income countries
below 0.5
Africa
119th
121st
Gabon and South Africa
0.8
Brazil
Seven
red arrows
red arrows
Blue dash es
Japan
Iceland
national performance and ranking
Western
alleged ideological biases
alleged ideological biases
11%, 21% and 34%
cut-off values
The Economist
230+
230+
Mediterranean Europe
Iberian peninsula
Balkan
Iberian peninsula
political, economic, and cultural attributes
geography, climate, and flora
Turkey
Turkey
pine forests
Spain and Italy
north coast
Atlantic climate
phytochoria
Armen Takhtajan
classical antiquity
classical antiquity
Alexander the Great
Rome
Constantinople
Germanic
AD 476
Western Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire
Germanic
kingdoms and empires of their own
the Crusades
1204
Genoa and Venice
The Reconquista
Byzantine Empire
The Late Middle Ages
Black Death
Ottoman Empire
1453
the 14th century
Florence
science and theology
the 14th century
1648
1648
Spain and France
Galileo Galilei
Guglielmo Marconi
colonial empires
Columbian Exchange
manufacturing
New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain
1815 and 1871
Ottoman Empire
1870
The Age of Empire
rise of nationalism
1918
the Big Four
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Mussolini
the Warsaw Pact
The European Union
market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism
1989
1991
2013
Romance languages
San Marino, and the Vatican
eastern Spain
Galician
over 40 million
Greek
Cyprus
Macedonian
Macedonian
Slovenia
English
Spanish
Maltese
Albanian
Maltese
northern Spain and southwestern France
Christianity
380 AD
Roman Catholic
Greek Orthodox
a classification of regions
statistical convenience
Southern Europe, as grouped for statistical convenience by the United Nations (the sub-regions according to the UN), includes following countries and territories:
Tourism Decision Metrics
Tourism Decision Metrics
BBC Television
2 November 1936.
1932
2 November 1936
2 November 1936.
commercial
one of the world's largest television production companies
Baird Television Ltd.
Long Acre, London
Baird Television Ltd.
June 1932
30 March 1930
Broadcasting House, London
advances in all-electronic television systems
advances in all-electronic television systems
16 Portland Place, London
February 1934
a converted wing of Alexandra Palace
a converted wing of Alexandra Palace
240
405
Baird intermediate film system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI
six months
Farnsworth image dissector cameras
Saturday 13 February 1937
40 kilometres
40 kilometres
40 kilometres
a British television set
Brookmans Park
2 August 1932
Opening of the BBC Television Service
coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
September 1939
the government was concerned that the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft
radar programme
Mickey's Gala Premier
before the end of the cartoon
18,999
Jasmine Bligh
7 June 1946
Lime Grove Studios
Mickey Mouse
Birmingham
Sutton Coldfield transmitting station
Birmingham
VHF
BBC tv
ITV
23 November 1963
Alexandra Palace
ITV
BBC2
massive power failure
Battersea Power Station
Denis Tuohy
BBC Two
15 November 1969
soap opera or standard news programming
Sir David Attenborough
Sir David Attenborough
Tom and Jerry
2000
Tom and Jerry
CBBC
BBC Natural History Unit
1950s
Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Earth
fifteen
Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
local announcers
major local events
Give My Head Peace
Give My Head Peace
Gaelic
Erpa and Dè a-nis?
Patrick Kielty Almost Live
25%
The Simpsons
The Simpsons
teletext
1974
BBCi
May 2003
Astra 2D satellite
14 July
£85 million
Western Europe
Hollywood studios and sporting organisations
Scottish Premier League
Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football
5 July 2004
DVD
fiftieth anniversary
Little Angels
Jana Bennett
BBC Vision
new media outlets and technology
2008
November 2008
Keeping Up Appearances
Keeping Up Appearances
Keeping Up Appearances
annually
advertisements and subscription
2013
Danny Cohen
Danny Cohen.
December 2004
December 2004 and April 2006
December 2004
July 30, 1947
Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger
2003
15
Mr. Olympia
Conan the Barbarian
Mr. Olympia
Arnie
2011
Republican
Gray Davis
January 5, 2007
Styria, Austria
Jadrny
Aurelia Schwarzenegger
chief of police
Meinhard
refrigerator
soccer
13
police officer
Steve Reeves
May 20, 1971
Patrick
stroke
Barbara Baker
Fortune
Mr. Universe
Junior Mr. Europe
1966
London
Reg Park
improving the muscle definition and power in his legs
business school
Rolf Putziger
10
21
New York
Ric Drasin
LA Weekly
The Education of a Bodybuilder
international marketing of fitness and business administration
Transcendental Meditation
Transcendental Meditation
Arnold Classic
Muscle & Fitness
$250,000
executive editor
Junior Mr. Europe
Lee Haney
half an hour
Munich stone-lifting contest
1969
Sergio Oliva
1970
23
Franco Columbu
1975
Mr. Olympia
Pumping Iron
Stay Hungry
Jeff Bridges
Conan
seven weeks
seven weeks
anabolic steroids
Dr. Willi Heepe
$10,000
The Globe
Hercules
"Arnold Strong
Robert Altman
Golden Globe for New Male Star of the Year
my body was 'too weird
1991
1980
The Incredible Hulk
The Villain
Conan the Destroyer
1984
James Cameron
Sylvester Stallone
1987
Twins
$10 million
Christmas in Connecticut
Tales from the Crypt
Terminator 2: Judgment Day
National Association of Theatre Owners
True Lies
Junior
$150 million
82
Forum Stadtpark
The Kid & I
Governator
Stan Lee
With Wings as Eagles
Randall Wallace
May 20
10 years
The Expendables 2
Terminator Genisys
Terminator Genisys
2004
"Stop the Madness"
Republican
Republican
Conan the Republican
1999
The Hollywood Reporter
August 6, 2003
"Total Recall"
Gray Davis
Cruz Bustamante
1.3 million
31%
John G. Downey
Willie Brown
Hans and Franz
four
four
Susan Kennedy
Phil Angelides
Gavin Newsom
United States Senate
Wendy Leigh
Eunice and Sargent Shriver
Sylvester Stallone
1983
Austrian
John McCain
Rudy Giuliani
environment and economy
Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington
89%
23%
Gropegate
Los Angeles Times
Los Angeles Times
bathing suit
GQ
marijuana
Anna Richardson
they tried to tarnish her reputation
Los Angeles Times
1968
Peter Pilz
September 27, 2006
utilities, refineries and manufacturing plants
2020
Northeast
solar
2009
carbon dioxide
Detroit
Article II, Section I, Clause V
New York Post
Michael Dorf
index cards
30
Franco Columbu
San Fernando earthquake
$10,000
Planet Hollywood
2000
Hard Rock Cafe
Dimensional Fund Advisors
Columbus, Ohio
Oak Productions, Inc.
Simon & Schuster
Schatzi On Main
Santa Monica
little treasure
1998
2011
$38 million
2006
polite society
six to eight months
Sue Moray
Maria Shriver
August 1978
television journalist
Hyannis
Christopher Sargent Shriver Schwarzenegger
Heather Milligan
25
Los Angeles Times
20 years
Joseph
KNX 1070 radio
Bob Kaufman
Schwarzenegger
did not include spousal support
Brigitte Nielsen
bicuspid
1997
Harley Davidson
right femur
Sun Valley, Idaho
smoke
6'2"
Herb Wesson
Bob Mulholland
Total Recall
"The Secret"
October 2012
1992
two
silver
6,300 lb (2,900 kg)
$21,000
California Hydrogen Highway Network
U.S. Department of Energy
Inner City Games Foundation
Shanghai
over 250,000
Sol Price School of Public Policy
2012
chairman
60
Tamar
Tamar
Devon
Tamar
Mount Batten
Sutton
1620
1642 and 1646
the Pilgrim Fathers
Devonport
1928
Plymouth Blitz
1967
East Stonehouse
261,546
30th
Plymouth City Council
Santander
Plymouth University
TAMARI OSTIA
Middle Iron Age
mouth/estuaries of the Tamar
Barbican
south town
1211
King Henry VI
mouth of the River Plym
1340
Breton raiders
1596
Sutton Pool
1512
Sir John Hawkins
Sir Francis Drake
1588
1620
1620
Parliamentarians
Parliamentarians
Freedom Fields Park
1660
Drake's Island
sugar or tobacco
trading
Stoke Damerel
Tamar
318
318
Stoke Damerel
coal
Devonport
a series of neo-classical urban developments
John Foulston
Union Street
China Clay
China Clay
China Clay
John Smeaton
2
John Rennie
1841
1812
Devonport
guano
Devonport
Scapa Flow
Royal Navy
Mount Batten
Royal Australian Air Force
Devonport
59
more than 1,000
more than 1,000
Sir Patrick Abercrombie
over 1000
over 1000
the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre
the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre
Devonport Dockyard
1971
42 Commando of the Royal Marines
Domesday Book
Domesday Book
Sudtone
1254
1439
Nancy Astor
Plymouth Sutton
18 October 1928
Plympton
Plympton and the parish of Plymstock
Michael Foot
Michael Foot
1974 Health and Safety at Work Act
Michael Foot
Plymouth
1971
1971
Tamarside
1 April 1974
Banham Commission
South West England
Johnny Mercer
Johnny Mercer
Plymouth Moor View
17
57
Each year a third of the council is up for election for three consecutive years
Brest
2001
King George V
six
Conservative Party and the Labour Party
Dr John Mahony
3 Elliot Terrace
Lady Astor
£40m
£40m
£40m
River Tamar
River Tamar
Devon and Cornwall
Plymouth Sound
1967
Cattewater
1814
Drake's Island
30.83
155
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Lower Devonian slates
Middle Devonian
Upper Devonian slates and shales
its geology
Middle Devonian
Dartmoor
Tamar
middle Devonian
Middle Devonian
27 April 1944
Sir Patrick Abercrombie
Armada Way
David MacKay
28
temperate oceanic climate
52
3 and 4 °C
rare, not usually equating to more than a few flakes,
July and August
Atlantic depressions
autumn and winter
39
June to August
autumn and winter
1,600
South West England
89
26.6 °C
4.25
8.8 °C
8.8 °C
25,895
22nd largest
3,000
£160 million
Polytechnic South West
The University of St Mark & St John
teacher training
Plymouth College of Art
approximately 26,000
153
153
two
71
71
71
Plymouth College
Devonport High School for Girls
Royal Naval Engineering College
1910
Dockyard Technical College
1994
University of Southampton
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences
National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute
Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership
National Marine Aquarium
256,384
240,720
15,664
2.3
0.5
5,169 million GBP
5,169 million GBP
£19,943
£23,755
7.0%
26.2%
78.3
78.3
78.3
12,000
12,000
1793
Plymouth Gin
1930s
Devonport Dockyard
Devonport Dockyard
270
almost 3,000
Hemsley Fraser
1959
1959
29th
The Tinside Pool
£3.4 million
David Mackay
David Mackay
David Mackay
33,000
33,000
Charles Cross
October 2006
Cattedown
2003
David Mackay
Bretonside bus station
Millbay
Millbay
The Parkway
about 40 miles (65 km)
Tamar Bridge
Plymouth City Airport
First South West
Brittany Ferries
Roscoff
MV Armorique
Stonehouse
1204
Plymouth City Airport
6
2018
FlyPlymouth
1877
Great Western Railway
Tamar Valley Line and Cornish Main Line
Three
Great Western Railway
4 February 2014
130
4 April 2014
4 February 2014
about 150
1858
St Andrew's (Anglican)
Anglican
thirteen
Moses
1762
1762
1762
0.8%
0.8%
32.9%
24.7%
7%
1815
Charlie Chaplin
30s
Royal Navy
British Firework Championships
Roy Lowry
Roy Lowry
University of Plymouth
the 29 Commando Regiment
1,315
200
Plymouth City Council
Plymouth City Council
1961
BBC South West
Radio Plymouth
16 February 2009
Radio Plymouth
BBC Radio Devon
Plymouth Argyle F.C.
Football League Two
Home Park
The Pilgrims
Vospers Oak Villa F.C.
third tier of Professional English Rugby
third tier of Professional English Rugby
third tier of Professional English Rugby
Plymouth Pavilions
1983
1823
September 2011
America's Cup World Series
1973
Plymouth County Borough Corporation
24 April 1591
River Meavy
1801
South West Water
South West Water
Western Power Distribution
2009
Langage Power Station,
1836
Charles Cross and Crownhill
five
Millbay Docks
Devon and Cornwall Constabulary
Derriford Hospital
6
Royal Eye Infirmary
South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
Exeter
Weston Mill and Efford
Weston Mill and Efford
Drake Memorial Park
Drake Memorial Park
Weston Mill and Efford
1666
1666
1759
23
Armada Memorial
Sutton
1620
1620
National Marine Aquarium
the Barbican
Crownhill Fort
north
Landmark Trust
Devonport,
Devonport Heritage Trail
Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall
Kingsand
Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall.
Henning Larsen
Arts
University of Plymouth
Arts
city's central quarter
Plymothians
Janners
Cousin Jan
John
Tavistock
El Draco
dysentery
dysentery
Sir Joshua Reynolds
Robert Lenkiewicz
Plymouth College of Art
Jazz musician
Keith Rowe
Trematon Castle
swimmer
Chris Axworthy
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson
Clear and Present Danger
Angela Rippon