--- license: cc-by-4.0 metrics: - bleu4 - meteor - rouge-l - bertscore - moverscore language: ko datasets: - lmqg/qg_koquad pipeline_tag: text2text-generation tags: - question generation widget: - text: "1990년 영화 《 남부군 》에서 단역으로 영화배우 첫 데뷔에 이어 같은 해 KBS 드라마 《지구인》에서 단역으로 출연하였고 이듬해 MBC 《여명의 눈동자》를 통해 단역으로 출연하였다." example_title: "Question Generation Example 1" - text: "백신이 없기때문에 예방책은 살충제 를 사용하면서 서식 장소(찻찬 받침, 배수로, 고인 물의 열린 저장소, 버려진 타이어 등)의 수를 줄임으로써 매개체를 통제할 수 있다." example_title: "Question Generation Example 2" - text: " 원테이크 촬영 이기 때문에 한 사람이 실수를 하면 처음부터 다시 찍어야 하는 상황이 발생한다." example_title: "Question Generation Example 3" model-index: - name: lmqg/mt5-base-koquad-qg results: - task: name: Text2text Generation type: text2text-generation dataset: name: lmqg/qg_koquad type: default args: default metrics: - name: BLEU4 (Question Generation) type: bleu4_question_generation value: 12.18 - name: ROUGE-L (Question Generation) type: rouge_l_question_generation value: 28.57 - name: METEOR (Question Generation) type: meteor_question_generation value: 29.62 - name: BERTScore (Question Generation) type: bertscore_question_generation value: 84.52 - name: MoverScore (Question Generation) type: moverscore_question_generation value: 83.36 - name: BLEU4 (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) type: bleu4_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer value: 12.08 - name: ROUGE-L (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) type: rouge_l_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer value: 48.7 - name: METEOR (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) type: meteor_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer value: 38.75 - name: BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) type: bertscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer value: 88.5 - name: MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) type: moverscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer value: 85.18 - name: QAAlignedF1Score-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_f1_score_bertscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer value: 88.8 - name: QAAlignedRecall-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_recall_bertscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer value: 88.76 - name: QAAlignedPrecision-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_precision_bertscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer value: 88.84 - name: QAAlignedF1Score-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_f1_score_moverscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer value: 85.93 - name: QAAlignedRecall-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_recall_moverscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer value: 85.87 - name: QAAlignedPrecision-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_precision_moverscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer value: 86.01 - name: BLEU4 (Question & Answer Generation) type: bleu4_question_answer_generation value: 0.65 - name: ROUGE-L (Question & Answer Generation) type: rouge_l_question_answer_generation value: 11.32 - name: METEOR (Question & Answer Generation) type: meteor_question_answer_generation value: 17.42 - name: BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation) type: bertscore_question_answer_generation value: 61.72 - name: MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation) type: moverscore_question_answer_generation value: 61.82 - name: QAAlignedF1Score-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_f1_score_bertscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer value: 77.26 - name: QAAlignedRecall-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_recall_bertscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer value: 78.25 - name: QAAlignedPrecision-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_precision_bertscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer value: 76.37 - name: QAAlignedF1Score-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_f1_score_moverscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer value: 77.51 - name: QAAlignedRecall-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_recall_moverscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer value: 78.95 - name: QAAlignedPrecision-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer] type: qa_aligned_precision_moverscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer value: 76.26 --- # Model Card of `lmqg/mt5-base-koquad-qg` This model is fine-tuned version of [google/mt5-base](https://huggingface.co/google/mt5-base) for question generation task on the [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) (dataset_name: default) via [`lmqg`](https://github.com/asahi417/lm-question-generation). ### Overview - **Language model:** [google/mt5-base](https://huggingface.co/google/mt5-base) - **Language:** ko - **Training data:** [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) (default) - **Online Demo:** [https://autoqg.net/](https://autoqg.net/) - **Repository:** [https://github.com/asahi417/lm-question-generation](https://github.com/asahi417/lm-question-generation) - **Paper:** [https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03992](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03992) ### Usage - With [`lmqg`](https://github.com/asahi417/lm-question-generation#lmqg-language-model-for-question-generation-) ```python from lmqg import TransformersQG # initialize model model = TransformersQG(language="ko", model="lmqg/mt5-base-koquad-qg") # model prediction questions = model.generate_q(list_context="1990년 영화 《 남부군 》에서 단역으로 영화배우 첫 데뷔에 이어 같은 해 KBS 드라마 《지구인》에서 단역으로 출연하였고 이듬해 MBC 《여명의 눈동자》를 통해 단역으로 출연하였다.", list_answer="남부군") ``` - With `transformers` ```python from transformers import pipeline pipe = pipeline("text2text-generation", "lmqg/mt5-base-koquad-qg") output = pipe("1990년 영화 《 남부군 》에서 단역으로 영화배우 첫 데뷔에 이어 같은 해 KBS 드라마 《지구인》에서 단역으로 출연하였고 이듬해 MBC 《여명의 눈동자》를 통해 단역으로 출연하였다.") ``` ## Evaluation - ***Metric (Question Generation)***: [raw metric file](https://huggingface.co/lmqg/mt5-base-koquad-qg/raw/main/eval/metric.first.sentence.paragraph_answer.question.lmqg_qg_koquad.default.json) | | Score | Type | Dataset | |:-----------|--------:|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------| | BERTScore | 84.52 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_1 | 28.54 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_2 | 21.05 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_3 | 15.92 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_4 | 12.18 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | METEOR | 29.62 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | MoverScore | 83.36 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | ROUGE_L | 28.57 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | - ***Metric (Question & Answer Generation, Reference Answer)***: Each question is generated from *the gold answer*. [raw metric file](https://huggingface.co/lmqg/mt5-base-koquad-qg/raw/main/eval/metric.first.answer.paragraph.questions_answers.lmqg_qg_koquad.default.json) | | Score | Type | Dataset | |:--------------------------------|--------:|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------| | BERTScore | 88.5 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_1 | 43.95 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_2 | 32.47 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_3 | 20.34 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_4 | 12.08 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | METEOR | 38.75 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | MoverScore | 85.18 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedF1Score (BERTScore) | 88.8 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedF1Score (MoverScore) | 85.93 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedPrecision (BERTScore) | 88.84 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedPrecision (MoverScore) | 86.01 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedRecall (BERTScore) | 88.76 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedRecall (MoverScore) | 85.87 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | ROUGE_L | 48.7 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | - ***Metric (Question & Answer Generation, Pipeline Approach)***: Each question is generated on the answer generated by [`lmqg/mt5-base-koquad-ae`](https://huggingface.co/lmqg/mt5-base-koquad-ae). [raw metric file](https://huggingface.co/lmqg/mt5-base-koquad-qg/raw/main/eval_pipeline/metric.first.answer.paragraph.questions_answers.lmqg_qg_koquad.default.lmqg_mt5-base-koquad-ae.json) | | Score | Type | Dataset | |:--------------------------------|--------:|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------| | BERTScore | 61.72 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_1 | 6.83 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_2 | 3.13 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_3 | 1.38 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | Bleu_4 | 0.65 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | METEOR | 17.42 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | MoverScore | 61.82 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedF1Score (BERTScore) | 77.26 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedF1Score (MoverScore) | 77.51 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedPrecision (BERTScore) | 76.37 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedPrecision (MoverScore) | 76.26 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedRecall (BERTScore) | 78.25 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | QAAlignedRecall (MoverScore) | 78.95 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | | ROUGE_L | 11.32 | default | [lmqg/qg_koquad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_koquad) | ## Training hyperparameters The following hyperparameters were used during fine-tuning: - dataset_path: lmqg/qg_koquad - dataset_name: default - input_types: ['paragraph_answer'] - output_types: ['question'] - prefix_types: None - model: google/mt5-base - max_length: 512 - max_length_output: 32 - epoch: 11 - batch: 4 - lr: 0.0005 - fp16: False - random_seed: 1 - gradient_accumulation_steps: 16 - label_smoothing: 0.15 The full configuration can be found at [fine-tuning config file](https://huggingface.co/lmqg/mt5-base-koquad-qg/raw/main/trainer_config.json). ## Citation ``` @inproceedings{ushio-etal-2022-generative, title = "{G}enerative {L}anguage {M}odels for {P}aragraph-{L}evel {Q}uestion {G}eneration", author = "Ushio, Asahi and Alva-Manchego, Fernando and Camacho-Collados, Jose", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = dec, year = "2022", address = "Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", } ```