Which team won Super Bowl 50?
Who was the NFC champion in 2015?
Where is Levi's Stadium located?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
What was the theme of the 50th Super Bowl?
What did the NFL emphasize in the 50th Super Bowl?
When was the 50th Super Bowl played?
What does AFC stand for?
What did the NFL emphasize in the 50th Super Bowl?
What does AFC stand for?
When was the 50th Super Bowl played?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
What would have been the name of the 50th Super Bowl?
What year did the Super Bowl 50 take place?
What year did the Super Bowl 50 take place?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
How did the Denver Broncos defeat the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50?
When was the 50th Super Bowl played?
What year did the Super Bowl 50 take place?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
Who was the NFC champion in 2015?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
What year did the Super Bowl 50 take place?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
What was the name of the American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League for the 2015 season?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
How many appearances have the Broncos made in the Super Bowl?
When was the Panthers founded?
Which team did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Which team did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Which team did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Which team did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Which team did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the record of the Panthers in the regular season?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the Broncos' regular season record?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Which team did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Which team did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many Super Bowl appearances did the Broncos have?
Which team did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Which team did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Which team did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Which team did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
When was the Panthers founded?
Which Denver linebacker was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
Which team took an early lead in the Super Bowl 50?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have?
Why did the Broncos sack Newton seven times?
How many times did Denver sack Newton?
Which Denver linebacker was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
Which Denver linebacker was named Super Bowl MVP?
What was Von Miller's position in the Broncos' defense?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
Which Denver linebacker was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have?
How many times did Denver sack Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
What did the Broncos recover for a touchdown?
Which Denver linebacker was named Super Bowl MVP?
What was Von Miller's position in the Broncos' defense?
How many times did Denver sack Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
Which Denver linebacker was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Beyoncé and Bruno Mars headlined what Super Bowl halftime show?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who was a special guest on the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows?
What was the most watched U.S. broadcast of the Super Bowl 50?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Beyoncé and Bruno Mars headlined what Super Bowl halftime show?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
What Super Bowl did commissioner Roger Goodell say the NFL was planning to make "spectacular"?
In what year did commissioner Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
When did commissioner Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
What did commissioner Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be?
What did commissioner Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be?
In what year did commissioner Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
What is the name of the stadium that the league narrowed the bids to?
What is the name of Miami's Sun Life Stadium?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What three stadiums did the league narrow the bids to?
How many sites did the league narrow the bids to?
Where was the Mercedes-Benz Superdome located?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
Levi's Stadium is located in what city?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
When did the league announce that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
How many times has Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
In what year was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host the Super Bowl?
What is the name of the stadium that was finalists for the 2012 Super Bowl?
When did the league announce that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
Where was the Super Bowl XIX held?
When did the Florida legislature refuse to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations of Sun Life Stadium?
In what year was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
How many finalists were there for the 2012 Super Bowl?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
How many finalists were there for the 2012 Super Bowl?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations of Miami's stadium?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host the Super Bowl?
Which city is the most recent to host the Super Bowl?
When did the league announce that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
How many times has Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
Which city is the most recent to host the Super Bowl?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host the Super Bowl?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations of Miami's stadium?
When was the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area?
Who voted to award the Super Bowl to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost to build?
Where did the Super Bowl XXXVII take place in 2003?
Where were the owners of the Super Bowl in 2013?
When was the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost to build?
What was the first Super Bowl held in California?
Where did the Super Bowl XXXVII take place in 2003?
In what year was the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost to build?
In what year was the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What was the first Super Bowl held in California?
When was the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
In what year did the Super Bowl XXXVII take place in San Diego?
Where were the owners of the Super Bowl in 2013?
When was the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost to build?
In what year did the Super Bowl XXXVII take place in San Diego?
Who coached the Denver Broncos in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
How many teams have had a 15-1 record?
Who was one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss?
What Super Bowl did the Broncos make their second appearance in three years?
Who coached the Denver Broncos in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
How many appearances did the Denver Broncos make in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
Which Super Bowl did the Panthers make their second appearance in franchise history?
How many teams have had a 15-1 record?
Which seed in the third straight Super Bowl was the Carolina Panthers?
Which seed in the third straight Super Bowl was the Carolina Panthers?
What Super Bowl did the Broncos make their second appearance in three years?
Which Super Bowl did the Panthers make their second appearance in franchise history?
How many teams have had a 15-1 record?
How many losses did the Carolina Panthers have?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who coached the Denver Broncos in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
Who was the longtime running back for the Carolina Panthers?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
How many times have the Carolina Panthers won at least 15 regular season games?
In what year did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
Which team had their best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many All-Pro selections were there?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
In what year did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the New Orleans Saints and Green Bay Packers share a 13-0 record?
In what year did the Green Bay Packers break their 13-0 record?
What did Kelvin Benjamin suffer in the preseason?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
Who was the longtime running back for the Carolina Panthers?
In what year did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
Which team had their best regular season in franchise history?
In what year did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
Which team had their best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton have?
How many interceptions did Ted Ginn, Jr. have?
How many punts did Ted Ginn return?
Who was Cam Newton's leading receiver?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton have?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many passes did Greg Olsen receive?
Who was Greg Olsen?
Who led the Panthers with 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns in 13 games?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
Which Panthers quarterback had one of his best seasons?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton have?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many points did the Panthers score in the NFL?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton have?
What was Cam Newton's career-best rating?
How many receptions did Jerricho Cotchery have?
How many points did the Panthers defense give up?
How many sacks did Jared Allen have?
How many tackles did Luke Kuechly have?
How many interceptions did Josh Norman have?
Who led the Panthers in sacks?
How many interceptions did the Panthers have?
Who led the Panthers in sacks?
How many interceptions did Josh Norman have?
How many interceptions did Josh Norman have?
Who led the Panthers with a career high seven interceptions?
How many interceptions did the Panthers have?
Which Panthers defensive end had 5 sacks in just 9 starts?
Which Panthers linebacker compiled 512 sacks, four forced fumbles, and four interceptions?
How many fumbles did Kuechly recover?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season?
What team did Peyton Manning play for in 1998?
Who did the Broncos lose to in the Week 17 regular season finale?
Who was the Broncos' defensive coordinator?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win as Broncos head coach?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
What team did Peyton Manning play for in 1998?
How old was Peyton Manning in 2015?
What injury caused Peyton Manning to have his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who led the NFL in interceptions in the 2015 off-season?
Why did Peyton Manning have his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts?
How old was Peyton Manning in 2015?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win as Broncos head coach?
Who was the Broncos' head coach before Gary Kubiak?
Who led the NFL in interceptions in the 2015 off-season?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
What part of his foot did Peyton Manning have a partial tear of?
Who was the Broncos' defensive coordinator?
What was Manning's career low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler have?
What was Manning's career low passer rating?
How many yards did Manning throw?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
What position did Demaryius Thomas hold?
What was Manning's career low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
How many touchdowns did Ronnie Hillman have?
What was Manning's career low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
How many yards per carry did Ronnie Hillman have?
How many yards did the Broncos defense allow for the first time in franchise history?
How many sacks did Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson have?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles?
How many interceptions did Aqib Talib have?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson were what type of defense?
How many points were allowed by the Broncos' defense?
Who led the Broncos with 11 sacks?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles?
How many interceptions did Aqib Talib have?
Who led the Broncos with 11 sacks?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles?
Which two Broncos defensive ends had 512 sacks?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers get in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers cause?
What was the final score of the second half comeback attempt?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the second half comeback attempt?
How many yards did the Panthers get in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers cause?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
How many losses did the Panthers have in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers get in the NFC Championship Game?
Which team did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Which team did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
When did the Broncos beat the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game?
How long did it take for the Broncos to intercept the New England Patriots' 2-point conversion attempt?
Which team defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the divisional round?
Which team did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were left on the clock in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did not throw any interceptions in the Broncos' two playoff games?
Which team did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Which team did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
Which team did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
Which team did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were left on the clock in the AFC Championship Game?
Who went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game?
What happened to Thomas Davis in the NFC Championship Game?
How many ACL tears did Thomas Davis have?
How old was Thomas Davis?
What type of injuries did Thomas Davis have?
What part of his body did Thomas Davis break?
How old was Thomas Davis?
What game did Thomas Davis hope to play in?
How many ACL tears did Thomas Davis have?
What happened to Thomas Davis in the NFC Championship Game?
How old was Thomas Davis?
Who went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game?
How old was Peyton Manning when he played in a Super Bowl?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
How old was John Elway when he led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What is John Elway's position in the Broncos?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in the Super Bowl XXXIII?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in the Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
How old was John Elway when he led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two teams to multiple Super Bowls?
Peyton Manning was the first quarterback to lead how many teams to multiple Super Bowls?
Peyton Manning was the first quarterback to lead how many teams to multiple Super Bowls?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two teams to multiple Super Bowls?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
John Elway led the Broncos to victory in what Super Bowl?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two teams to multiple Super Bowls?
How old is Peyton Manning?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
In what year was Manning the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton in 2011?
What was the record for the largest age difference between opposing quarterbacks in the Super Bowl?
Who was the top pick in the 2011 draft?
Who was the #1 selection in the 1998 NFL draft?
Who set the record for the largest age difference between opposing quarterbacks?
How old was Newton in 2011?
Who was the #1 pick in the 1998 NFL draft?
In what year was Manning the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
Who was the top pick in the 2011 draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton in 2011?
What was the record for the largest age difference between opposing quarterbacks in the Super Bowl?
When did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears?
What team did Rivera play for in the Super Bowl XX?
What position did Rivera play with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
Which team did Kubiak replace Elway for in the Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
What position did Rivera play with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
Who was a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
When did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
What is the name of the new playing surface that the NFL re-sodded Levi's Stadium?
Who was the NFL and Atlanta Braves field director?
Justin Tucker was a kicker for what team?
What is Justin Tucker's profession?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
What is Justin Tucker's profession?
What was the new playing surface that the NFL re-sodded the field with?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
What did the NFL re-sodded the field with?
What was the new playing surface that the NFL re-sodded the field with?
What did players need to change during the game?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
What type of stadium is Levi's Stadium?
Who was the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams?
How did the Broncos beat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What team did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear as the designated home team in the Super Bowl?
When did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants?
When did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants?
How did the Broncos beat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What team did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear as the designated home team in the Super Bowl?
What did the Broncos wear as the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams?
Who was the only AFC champion team to wear white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl?
When did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in their only Super Bowl win?
What color jersey did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXII?
What color jerseys did the Panthers wear?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
Where was the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals established?
Who is the NFL's vice president of brand and creative?
When was the standardized logo template introduced?
Whose trophy is behind the numerals in the Super Bowl LI logo?
In what year was the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals suspended?
When will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What was the original name of the Super Bowl?
What color are the numerals in the Super Bowl LI logo?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
What numerals were to be used in Super Bowl 50?
What was the original name of the Super Bowl?
What color are the numerals in the Super Bowl LI logo?
When will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What numerals were to be used in Super Bowl 50?
In what Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
The numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was what color?
When did all sideline jackets and hats feature gold-trimmed logos?
How many yards long was the line on the field in the 2015 NFL season?
The numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was what color?
The numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was what color?
What did the gold-themed promotions and initiatives tie into?
What was given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What was the number of the field in the 2015 NFL season?
The numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was what color?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
Where is the annual NFL Experience held?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Who was San Francisco's city supervisor?
When did "Super Bowl City" open?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
What was the name of the event held at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
What was the name of the event held at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
What was the name of the event held at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
How much did the NFL want to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
What event was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco?
Where is Bellomy Field located?
How much money is spent on other ancillary events?
How long is the event at the Santa Clara Convention Center?
How much money is spent on other ancillary events?
What is the name of the event held at the Santa Clara Convention Center?
Who will provide additional funding for the event?
Where is the beer, wine, and food festival held?
What will help in finding business sponsors and individual donors?
Who will provide additional funding for the event?
How much money is spent on other ancillary events?
Who will provide additional funding for the event?
When was Super Bowl Opening Night moved to?
On what day was the Super Bowl's media day typically held?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What was the replica of in the opening ceremony?
On what day was the Super Bowl's media day typically held?
When was Super Bowl Opening Night moved to?
What was the game's media day re-branded as?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
When was the game's media day typically held?
What was the game's media day re-branded as?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What famous bridge was used in the opening ceremony of the Super Bowl?
When was Super Bowl Opening Night moved to?
What was the game's media day re-branded as?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What famous bridge was used in the opening ceremony?
When was the Super Bowl Opening Night?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much money has the Business Connect Host Committee raised?
Who is one of the sponsors of Business Connect?
What company is a sponsor of Business Connect?
Who is one of the sponsors of Business Connect?
What is the name of the group that seeks disabled veterans and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-owned businesses in the Super Bowl?
How much money has the Business Connect Host Committee raised?
What has the host committee raised over $40 million through?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much money has the Business Connect Host Committee raised?
How much of the money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee's philanthropic initiative?
What percentage of the money raised by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee will be dedicated to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee's philanthropic initiative?
What has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee vowed to be?
What percentage of the money raised by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee will be dedicated to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee's philanthropic initiative?
What percentage of the money raised by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee will be dedicated to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee's philanthropic initiative?
Who won the Super Bowl 50?
How many karat gold plated digits will the winner of Super Bowl 50 receive?
How many lb will the "50" weigh?
Who designed the "50"?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy will the winner of Super Bowl 50 receive?
What color is the "50"?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy will the winner of Super Bowl 50 receive?
Who designed the "50"?
Who televised the Super Bowl in the United States?
Who was the network's lead broadcast team?
Who was on the sidelines of the Super Bowl?
How many cameras were on the upper deck of the Super Bowl?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for the 50th Super Bowl?
How many main broadcast television partners were there in the NFL?
Where were Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the broadcast?
What kind of view can EyeVision 360 provide?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for the 50th Super Bowl?
Where were Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the broadcast?
Who televised the Super Bowl in the United States?
How many main broadcast television partners were there in the NFL?
Who televised the Super Bowl in the United States?
Who were the broadcast team's lead broadcasters?
Who were on the sidelines of the Super Bowl?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for the 50th Super Bowl?
What was upgraded to 5K resolution in the Super Bowl 50?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl in Spanish?
Who was a sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
Who was the ESPN Deportes' Monday Night Football commentary crew?
When did ESPN Deportes announce they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
ESPN Deportes was the third dedicated broadcaster of the Super Bowl in what language?
Who did ESPN Deportes agree to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl in Spanish?
Who was a sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl in Spanish?
Who were on ESPN Deportes' Monday Night Football commentary crew?
Who was a sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
How was ESPN's Deportes Spanish broadcast made available?
What is the name of the website that provides digital streams of the NFL game?
On what console did CBS Sports provide digital streams of the NFL game?
On what Windows operating system was CBS Sports available?
What is the name of the website that provides digital streams of the NFL game?
On what console did CBS Sports provide digital streams of the NFL game?
Who was only able to stream the game on smartphones?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
Who provided the NFL Mobile service?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What did CBS provide via CBSSports.com?
Who provided the NFL Mobile service?
What was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast made available through?
What was the name of the show that CBS broadcast a special episode of after the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the show that CBS aired after the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the show that CBS broadcast a special episode of after the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the show that CBS aired after the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the show that CBS broadcast a special episode of after the Super Bowl?
What type of programming did CBS stop broadcasting after the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the show that CBS aired after the Super Bowl?
What was the base rate for a 30-second Super Bowl ad?
What beer company was the final year in a multi-year contract with CBS?
Who held the "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
Nintendo and The Pokémon Company made their Super Bowl debut for what anniversary?
What was the base rate for a 30-second Super Bowl ad?
What beer company was the final year in a multi-year contract with CBS?
Who held the "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
Who made their Super Bowl debut?
Nintendo made their Super Bowl debut with which company?
What beer company was the final year in a multi-year contract with CBS?
Who held the "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What beer company was the final year in a multi-year contract with CBS?
Who held the "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What was the name of the contest that allowed viewers to create their own Doritos ads?
What contest did QuickBooks sponsor?
Who won the Small Business Big Game?
How long was the commercial for Death Wish Coffee?
How many competitors did Death Wish Coffee beat out for the free commercial?
Who won the Small Business Big Game?
How many competitors did Death Wish Coffee beat out for the free commercial?
What company sponsored the Small Business Big Game?
Who won the Small Business Big Game?
How many contestants did Death Wish Coffee beat out for the free commercial?
What company sponsored the Small Business Big Game?
Who won the Small Business Big Game?
What was the name of the movie that Universal aired during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for?
What movie did Paramount pay for during the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the movie that was aired during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for?
What movie did Paramount pay for during the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the movie that Universal aired during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Disney pay for during the Super Bowl?
What is the name of the day that the movie Eddie the Eagle was aired?
The Secret Life of Pets was aired by which studio?
Who paid for Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, Independence Day: Resurgence and Eddie the Eagle?
Who will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is Westwood One's play-by-play announcer?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is the color analyst for Westwood One?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
How many reporters will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is Westwood One's play-by-play announcer?
Who will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is Westwood One's play-by-play announcer?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is Westwood One's play-by-play announcer?
Who are color analysts for Westwood One?
Who are the sideline reporters for the game?
What will Jim Gray anchor?
Where will Westwood One carry the game?
What station in Denver will carry the game?
Who is on play-by-play for the Denver Broncos?
What station in North Carolina will carry the game?
Where is WBT-FM based?
Who is on play-by-play in North Carolina?
Who is on play-by-play for the Denver Broncos?
Who is on color commentary for the Denver Broncos?
What station in North Carolina will carry the game?
Who is on play-by-play in North Carolina?
What radio stations will carry the Denver Broncos game?
What is the name of WBT's sister station?
What radio station will carry the contest in the United Kingdom?
What is the name of the broadcaster that will carry the contest in the UK?
Along with Greg Brady, Rocky Boiman and Rocky Boiman, who will be on the BBC's British English broadcast?
Which broadcaster will carry the 5 Live Sports Extra contest in the UK?
Who will be on the BBC's British English broadcast?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl V?
Who is the current Broncos quarterback?
When did Harvey Martin die?
Who is the current Broncos quarterback?
How many of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced in the pregame ceremony?
Who is the current Broncos quarterback?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were there?
How many of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced in the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who is the current Broncos quarterback?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What award did Lady Gaga win?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What does ASL stand for?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided ASL translation for the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided ASL translation for the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
Who provided ASL translation for the national anthem?
On what date did the NFL confirm that the halftime show would be headlined by Coldplay?
What nationality was Coldplay?
Beyoncé headlined what halftime show?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Bruno Mars headlined what halftime show?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
Who confirmed that Beyoncé would be making an appearance in the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
Who did Pepsi confirm would be making an appearance at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Manning throw a 22-yard pass to?
Who did Shaq Thompson tackle for a 3-yard loss?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
How long was Manning's pass to Owen Daniels?
Who tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Manning throw a 18-yard pass to?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit?
Who was a CBS analyst and retired referee?
Who appeared to complete a 24-yard pass to Jerricho Cotchery?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble in the end zone for the Broncos?
What was the first fumble return in a Super Bowl since 1993?
Who did Cam Newton complete a 24-yard pass to?
Who was a CBS analyst and retired referee?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble in the end zone for the Broncos?
In what year was the first fumble return in a Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXVIII?
Who was a CBS analyst and retired referee?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble in the end zone for the Broncos?
What was the first fumble return in a Super Bowl since 1993?
Who completed the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
Who kicked a short 28-yard punt for the Broncos?
How many yards did Brad Nortman punt?
How many yards did Norwood return for in the Super Bowl?
How long was McManus' field goal?
How many yards did Newton pass for in the first half?
Who completed the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
How long was the longest field goal of the second quarter?
Which Broncos receiver received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt?
How long was McManus' field goal?
Who completed the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
What did McManus kick that increased the Panthers lead to 13-7?
Who tackled Mike Tolbert?
What was Danny Trevathan's position?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
Who was sacked by DeMarcus Ware?
Who sacked Newton?
Who lost a fumble on Carolina's next possession?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
How many yards did Kony Ealy return the ball to the Panthers?
Who sacked Newton?
Who lost a fumble on Carolina's next possession?
Who recovered a fumble on the Broncos 40-yard line?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
What did the Panthers have to do to gain any yards with their possession?
Who sacked Newton?
Who did Newton throw a 45-yard pass to?
Who hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
How long was Gano's field goal attempt?
Who kicked a 33-yard field goal?
Who fumbled the ball during the return?
Who did Newton throw a 45-yard pass to?
What did Gano hit on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who fumbled the ball during the return?
Who recovered the ball that T. J. Ward fumbled?
Who did Newton throw a 45-yard pass to?
The Broncos defense halted the drive on what line?
Who hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who did Manning pass to for a gain of 25 and 22 yards?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
How long was Gano's field goal?
Who recieved a 16-yard reception?
Who kicked a field goal in the third quarter?
Where did the Broncos drive to in the fourth quarter?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
On what line did Ealy recover the ball from Manning's hand?
What did the next three drives of the game end in?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
On what line did Ealy recover the ball from Manning's hand?
How long was Gano's field goal?
How many drives of the game ended in punts?
How many yards did Carolina get the ball on their own?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who was the Broncos' cornerback?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
Who did Manning pass to for a 2-point conversion?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
How did the ball bounce back?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who was the Broncos' cornerback?
What was the last time the Broncos had a lead?
How long was the longest play of the game?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
How did the ball bounce back?
How many plays did Denver's offense stay out of the end zone?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
How many total tackles did Miller have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
How many total tackles did Charles Johnson have?
Who had seven total tackles?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
Who was the game's leading rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown?
Who was Manning's top receiver?
Who had seven total tackles?
Who was Manning's top receiver?
Who was the game's leading rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown?
How many field goals did McManus make?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many total tackles did Charles Johnson have?
How many yards did the Denver Broncos get in the first down?
How many first downs did the Denver Broncos lose?
Which team had the lowest total yards in a Super Bowl?
Whose 61-yard punt return set a new record?
Who was the oldest quarterback to win a Super Bowl?
How many yards did the Denver Broncos get in the first down?
How many first downs did the Denver Broncos lose?
The Broncos' seven sacks tied a Super Bowl record set by what team in Super Bowl XX?
Which team tied a Super Bowl record with seven sacks?
How many first downs did Denver have?
How many first downs did the Denver Broncos lose?
Which team tied a Super Bowl record with seven sacks?
The Broncos' seven sacks tied a Super Bowl record set by what team in Super Bowl XX?
How many teams won a Super Bowl with Manning?
Maria Skodowska-Curie was the first female recipient of what award?
When was Casimir Pulaski born?
Who was one of the most famous people born in Warsaw?
Wadysaw Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin are examples of what?
How old was Chopin when he moved to Warsaw?
How many different species of trees are in the Saxon Garden?
What is a popular strolling destination for the Varsovians?
What was formally a royal garden?
Where is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier located?
What park covers the area of 76 ha?
How far is the Vistula river from Warsaw?
What animals are in the Vistula river habitat?
How many natural reserves are in Warsaw?
How many lakes are in Warsaw?
Why are the lakes emptied before winter?
Warsaw was the most diverse what in Poland?
What was the population of Polish mother tongue in 1933?
What percentage of Warsaw's population was Jewish?
According to the Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 638,000, what group constituted 219,000?
What is most of the population growth based on?
What is the second academic school of technology in the country?
How many professors are employed at Warsaw University of Technology?
What is the largest medical school in Poland?
When was the University of Warsaw established?
What is the largest music school in Poland?
When was the University Library founded?
How many items are in the University Library?
What was the profession of Marek Budzyski and Zbigniew Badowski?
Who designed the University Library garden?
How large is the University Library's roof garden?
What did Warsaw suffer from during its time as an Eastern Bloc economy?
What was the name of the plan to rebuild Poland?
What is one reason Warsaw has seen many improvements over the past decade?
What has happened to Warsaw's infrastructure over the past decade?
What city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute?
What is the name of the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland?
What is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe?
How many beds are in the Maria Skodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology?
What has happened to the infrastructure in Warsaw?
What type of venue is the Teatr Wielki?
What does Warsaw host?
Where is the Congress Hall located?
In what city is the Jazz Jamboree held?
Warsaw hosts many events and what?
Where was the Summer Theatre located?
What is the name of Ogród Saski?
When was the Summer Theatre in operation?
What was Warsaw's first literary cabaret?
What was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre"?
What is the name of the festival held on the banks of the Vistula?
How many people gather on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer's Night?
When are gatherings of thousands of people on the banks of the Vistula?
What do maidens float their wreaths on the water to predict?
What flower does the official floating of wreaths look for each Midsummer's Eve?
What does the Museum of Posters have one of the largest collections of in the world?
How many museums are in Warsaw?
What type of museum is the National Museum?
What is in Adolf Hitler's private collection?
What does the Museum of the Polish Army depict?
Where can a fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw be found?
Where is the Warsaw Uprising Museum located?
What type of theater is the Warsaw Fotoplastikon?
What museum preserves patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence?
How many rooms are in the Warsaw Historical Museum?
Where is the Centre for Contemporary Art located?
How many projects does the Centre for Contemporary Art realize a year?
What is the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw?
Who hosts exhibitions of modern art at the Zachta National Gallery of Art?
When is Warsaw Gallery Weekend held?
What is the name of Polonia's local rival?
In what year did Polonia Warsaw win the country's championship?
How many times did Polonia Warsaw win the cup?
Where is Polonia's home venue?
Why was Polonia relegated from the country's top flight in 2013?
What is the name of Warsaw's mermaid?
What is Warsaw's symbol?
How long has the mermaid been in use?
When was the oldest armed seal of Warsaw created?
What did the seal hold in its claws?
What type of figure is Artur Oppman?
What did Triton's daughters set out on a journey through?
Where did Triton's daughters decide to stay?
What was the name of the village where the mermaid stopped to rest?
What did the merchant do to the mermaid?
Where was Tamara de Lempicka born?
When did Tamara de Lempicka marry Tadeusz empicki?
What style did Tamara de Lempicka represent?
What was Nathan Alterman's occupation?
Who was the beloved city of Warsaw?
Who ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world in 2012?
In what year did the Economist Intelligence Unit rank Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?
How is Warsaw's economy characterized?
What Exchange is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe?
What is the European Union agency for external border security called?
When was the first historical reference to Warsaw?
What city was the capital of Poland in 1313?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court to Warsaw?
Who moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
Why did Warsaw become the "Phoenix City"?
What type of archdiocese is Warsaw the seat of?
What is the name of the university in Warsaw?
What was the city-centre of Warsaw listed as in 1980?
What type of attractions are the Castle Square and King Sigismund's Column?
What are around a quarter of Warsaw filled with?
What is the Polish name for Warsaw?
What does Warszawa mean?
What era was Warsz?
What did Warsz own?
What is the full name of Warsaw?
Where were the first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw located?
Who was Bolesaw II of Masovia?
When was Warszowa established?
When did Warszowa become the official capital of Masovian Duchy?
When was the Duchy reincorporated into the Polish Crown?
Who was the seat of Warsaw in 1529?
When did Warsaw become the seat of the General Sejm?
What did the Warsaw Confederation establish in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Why did Warsaw become the capital of the Commonwealth?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
How long did Warsaw remain the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Warsaw was annexed by what Kingdom in 1796?
Who liberated Warsaw in 1806?
When was the Congress of Vienna?
When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?
When was Warsaw occupied by Germany?
What did the Allied Armistice terms require Germany to withdraw from?
Who set up the Second Polish Republic?
When was the Polish-Bolshevik War?
Who defeated Poland in the Battle of Warsaw?
When did the German Invasion of Poland begin?
What was the General Government?
What percentage of Warsaw's Jewish population was herded into the Warsaw Ghetto?
When did the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising take place?
How long did the Ghetto hold out for?
Who was deep into Polish territory and pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw?
Why did the Red Army try to seize control of Warsaw?
When did the Warsaw Uprising begin?
How long did the Warsaw Uprising last?
How many Polish civilians died in the Warsaw Uprising?
What was the name of the campaign that was started after World War II?
What type of housing projects were erected in Warsaw?
What type of city was the Palace of Culture and Science?
What building was a gift from the Soviet Union?
Warsaw's Old Town was inscribed on what list in 1980?
Who was the pope in 1979 and 1983?
John Paul II's visits to Poland encouraged what type of fervor?
How long after becoming pope did John Paul II celebrate Mass in Warsaw?
Where did John Paul II celebrate Mass in 1979?
What did the Polish citizens understand the words of John Paul II as?
How many kilometers from the Carpathian Mountains is Warsaw?
How many miles is Warsaw from Berlin?
Warsaw straddles what river?
How tall is Szczliwice hill?
Where is the lowest point of Warsaw?
How many main geomorphologic formations is Warsaw located on?
What is the name of the valley that divides Warsaw?
Warsaw Escarpment is located on what plateau?
What is the specific axis of Warsaw?
What is the edge of the moraine plateau called?
What type of plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds?
What is on the highest level of the Vistula terraces?
What is visible on the contemporary flooded terrace?
What are flooded as well as former flooded once?
What type of forest is in Warsaw?
What does Warsaw's mix of architectural styles reflect?
When was Warsaw razed to the ground?
When did reconstruction begin in Warsaw?
What is an example of a building that was eradicated in the 1950s and 1960s?
What was the design of the mass residential blocks?
What type of architecture is represented at the burgher houses and fortifications?
When was St. John's Cathedral built?
What style is St. John's Cathedral a typical example of?
What type of architecture is the house of Baryczko merchant family?
What type of architecture is the Royal Castle?
When did building activity occur in the palaces and churches of Warsaw?
When was St. Kazimierz Church built?
Czapski Palace is an example of what type of architecture?
What type of architecture is the Palace on the Water?
When was the Palace on the Water rebuilt?
What type of architecture was not restored after the war?
What happened to the bourgeois architecture after the war?
What style was the Warsaw Philharmony edifice rebuilt in?
What is the most interesting of the late 19th century architecture?
What are the Saxon Palace and the Brühl Palace?
How many places commemorate the heroic history of Warsaw?
What is the name of the infamous German Gestapo prison?
What was a place of martyr for the Poles?
Who was commemorated by the statue of Little Insurgent?
What monument was erected in memory of the largest insurrection of World War II?
What type of space is the Botanic Garden?
Where is a palm house located?
What was the first horse racetrack in Mokotów?
What park is close to the Sejm and John Lennon street?
In what year was a zoological garden established on the park grounds?
What is the flora of Warsaw mainly due to?
Where is Bielany Forest located?
Bielany Forest is part of what forest?
What is the name of the forest by the southern city border?
How many botanic gardens are in Warsaw?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1939?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
When was the Warsaw area enlargement?
What did Varsovians think of themselves because they lived in the capital?
What did the city authorities have to introduce after the Warsaw area enlargement?
What type of city is Warsaw?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1901?
What percentage of Warsaw's population is Catholic?
What percentage of Warsaw's population is Protestant?
When was the Warsaw Uprising?
What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?
What are the units of the second level of the territorial division called?
Which city does not have rights of powiat, so the registration numbers are of the same type for all districts?
What is the name of the unicameral council in Warsaw?
How many members are in the Warsaw City Council?
How often are Warsaw City Council members elected?
What does the City Council divide itself into?
How long does it take to override a veto by the mayor?
What is the mayor of Warsaw called in Poland?
Who was the first Warsaw President?
When was Jan Andrzej Menich president?
Who elects the President of Warsaw?
What district was elected as the President of Warsaw in 1994-1999?
What is the name of Warsaw's city center?
How many companies were registered in Warsaw in 2006?
What is Warsaw ranked as in the MasterCard Emerging Market Index?
What percentage of Poland's national income does Warsaw produce?
What was the total nominal GDP of Warsaw in 2010?
When was Warsaw's first stock exchange established?
When did the Warsaw Stock Exchange stop trading?
When was the Warsaw Stock Exchange re-established?
How many companies are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
The Warsaw Stock Exchange was previously used as the headquarters of what party?
When was the FSO Car Factory established?
What was the name of the car that was assembled at the FSO Car Factory?
Who bought the FSO Car Factory in 1995?
Who bought the FSO Car Factory in 2005?
What car was assembled at the FSO Car Factory?
What is the largest city of Poland?
What is the largest city of Poland?
What river does Warsaw stand on?
How many people live in Warsaw's metropolitan area?
Where does Warsaw rank among the most populous capital cities in the European Union?
What is the largest city of Poland?
What river does Warsaw stand on?
How far is Warsaw from the Baltic Sea?
How many people live in Warsaw's metropolitan area?
Where does Warsaw rank among the most populous capital cities in the European Union?
What country was Normandy located in?
When did the Normans give their name to Normandy?
What countries were the Normans descended from?
Who was the leader of the Normans?
When did the distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerge?
Who was the duke who led the expedition that led to the Norman conquest of England?
Who led the Duchy of Normandy?
What orthodoxy did the Normans become exponents of?
What does Norseman mean?
When was Nordmannus recorded?
When did the Duchy of Normandy begin?
Who was the ruler of West Francia in the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte?
What river did the Duchy of Normandy extend west to?
Who came to Normandy in the 880s?
What did the descendants of Rollo's Vikings replace the Norse religion and Old Norse language with?
Where was the Norman culture located?
By 1066 Normandy had been exporting what for more than a generation?
When did a Saracen attack occur?
Who did Melus of Bari persuade the Normans to return with more warriors?
Where was the shrine of the Archangel Michael located?
Who was the leader of the Hauteville family?
Who was the leader of the Hauteville family?
Who did the Normans capture Sicily and Malta from?
When was Roger II of Sicily crowned king?
Where was William Iron Arm's citadel located?
What was the title of the treatises written by al-Idrisi?
What does Kitab Rudjdjar mean?
What type of bureaucracy did the Normans have?
Who did the Normans fight in Armenia?
When did Hervé serve as a Byzantine general?
When did Robert Crispin lead the Normans of Edessa against the Turks?
Who stopped Roussel de Bailleul?
What name did the Normans give their castle?
Who led a force of "Franks" into the upper Euphrates valley?
Who did some Normans join to aid in the destruction of the Armenians vassal-states of Sassoun and Taron?
Several families of Byzantine Greece were of what origin during the period of the Comnenian Restoration?
Who drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy?
In what year was Dyrrachium betrayed to the Normans?
How many men did Robert Guiscard lead in his army?
Where did Bohemond sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines?
Who was Robert's son?
Where did Bohemond sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines?
In what year did a large Norman army invade Dyrrachium?
What was one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic?
Dyrrachium was one of the most important naval bases of what?
Who fled to Normandy in 1013?
Who was Emma's sister?
Where did Ethelred flee to after Cnut the Great's conquest of the isle?
Who forced Ethelred from his kingdom?
Who was Edward the Confessor's half-brother?
When did Edward the Confessor return from his father's refuge?
Who was appointed archbishop of Canterbury?
What battle did Duke William II of Normandy kill King Harold II?
Who was the Duke of Normandy in 1066?
In what year did Duke William II of Normandy conquer England?
Who did the Normans replace as the ruling class of England?
What did Middle English evolve into?
When did the Normans invade Bannow Bay?
What country did the Normans settle in?
The Normans had a profound effect on what culture?
Who was one of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror?
Who married Edgar Atheling?
In what year did William invade Scotland?
Who did Malcolm surrender as a hostage?
Who did Alexander I marry?
Whose ancestry can be traced back to the Scottish families of the names Bruce, Gray, Ramsay, Fraser, Ogilvie, Montgomery, Sinclair, Pollock, Burnard, Douglas and Gordon?
What city was Ralph earl of?
Who did Edward the Confessor charge Ralph with defending the Marches?
Who set up Ralph as earl of Hereford?
What country was subject to Norman interference?
When did Roger de Tosny travel to the Iberian Peninsula?
Who led the papal army during the War of Barbastro?
When was the Siege of Antioch?
Who worked for the expansion of the Crusader kingdom in Transjordan and the region of Galilee?
Tancred was instrumental in the conquest of what city?
How long was Cyprus under Western European domination?
What dispersed Richard's fleet?
What was the name of Richard's sister?
In what year did Richard the Lion-hearted leave Messina?
Who was the island's despot?
Who was Guy de Lusignan's rival?
What type of chains were Isaac confined with?
Who led Richard's troops?
Who married Berengaria of Navarre?
When was the wedding of Berengaria of Navarre held?
What type of ceremony was held at the wedding of Richard the Lion-Heart and Berengaria of Navarre?
In what year did the Venetians acquire full control of Cyprus?
Who sold Cyprus after the Anglo-Norman conquest?
Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro are off the Atlantic coast of what country?
Who took the title of King of the Canary Islands?
Who did Maciot de Bethencourt sell the rights to the Canary Islands to?
Who sold the rights to the Canary Islands to Enrique Pérez de Guzmán?
Where are Jersey and Guernsey located?
How many judges transcribed Norman customary law?
What idiom did Norman architecture spread to England and Italy?
What type of arches were used in Norman architecture?
In England, the period of Norman architecture precedes what?
In England, the period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of what?
Norman-Arab architecture was a unique style of architecture in what Kingdom?
When did the dukes begin a program of church reform?
Who began a program of church reform in the early 11th century?
When were the French Wars of Religion?
What is the Bayeux Tapestry a work of?
What is the most famous Norman art?
Who commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry?
What type of art was common in Norman Italy?
In what century was the system of denoting notes by letters first developed?
Who were the two Italian abbots at Fécamp?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul flee to?
What did the monks of Saint-Evroul establish?
Who patronised the monks of Saint-Evroul?
What did the monks of Saint Evroul continue to do?
In what year was Nikola Tesla born?
What nationality was Nikola Tesla?
In what year did Nikola Tesla die?
In what year was Nikola Tesla born?
In what year did Nikola Tesla die?
What nationality was Nikola Tesla?
What does AC stand for?
In what year did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for when he emigrated to the United States?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Where did Tesla migrate to in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison?
What was the name of the corporate alternating current/direct current battle?
In what year did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for when he emigrated to the United States?
Where did Tesla migrate to in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
What did George Westinghouse license?
When did Tesla make pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What type of power did Tesla experiment with in New York and Colorado Springs?
What did Tesla experiment with in his lab?
In what state did Tesla experiment with high-voltage, high-frequency power?
When did Tesla make pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What was one of the first ever exhibited by Tesla?
What was the name of Tesla's unfinished project?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla?
Where did Tesla live most of his life?
What was Tesla's nickname in popular culture?
What earned Tesla a considerable amount of money?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla?
When was the resurgence in popular interest in Tesla?
What was Tesla renowned for?
In what modern country is the Austrian Empire located?
What was Milutin Tesla's father's profession?
What type of memory did Tesla's mother have?
What did Nikola credit for his eidetic memory and creative abilities?
What was Milutin Tesla's father's profession?
Who was Tesla's father?
What was the name of Tesla's mother?
What did Tesla's mother have a talent for?
What did Nikola credit for his eidetic memory and creative abilities?
How many children did Tesla have?
What language did Nikola study at the "Lower" or "Primary" School?
In what year did the Tesla family move to Gospi?
What was the name of Nikola's older brother?
What were the names of the three sisters that Nikola had?
What happened to Dane when he was five?
Where did the Tesla family move to in 1862?
What was the profession of Tesla's father?
Who was the math teacher that influenced Tesla?
In what language were the classes held at the Higher Real Gymnasium?
What did his teachers believe he was cheating on?
What did his teachers believe he was doing when he performed integral calculus in his head?
In what year did Tesla graduate from school?
When did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Why did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Who was the math teacher that influenced Tesla?
In what language were the classes held at the Higher Real Gymnasium?
In what year did Tesla graduate from school?
What illness did Tesla contract when he returned to Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
What did Tesla's father promise to send him to if he recovered from cholera?
What did Tesla's father originally want him to do?
What was the name of Tesla's birthtown?
In what year did Tesla return to Smiljan?
What illness did Tesla contract when he returned to Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
What did Tesla's father originally want him to do?
What did Tesla's father promise to do if he recovered from cholera?
Where did Tesla go to avoid being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
Whose works helped Tesla recover from his illness?
What did Tesla explore in hunter's garb?
In what year did Tesla run away from being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
What did Tesla use to explore the mountains?
What did Tesla evade in 1874?
In what year did Tesla run away from being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
What did Tesla do in Tomingaj?
Whose works helped Tesla recover from his illness?
In what year did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
Where was Tesla enrolled in 1875?
When did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla become addicted to at the end of his second year at Austrian Polytechnic?
How many Sundays or holidays did Tesla work on?
Where was Austrian Polytechnic located?
In what year did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
When did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla do during his third year at Austrian Polytechnic?
What did Tesla's professors warn him to do if he was removed from the school?
What did Tesla do in December of 1878?
Why did Tesla leave Graz?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What did Milutin Tesla ask Nikola to do?
What happened to Nikola when he refused to return home?
In what year did Tesla leave Graz?
Why did Tesla leave Graz?
Why did his friends think he had drowned?
What was Tesla's job title in Maribor?
What happened to Nikola when he refused to return home?
Why was Milutin Tesla returned to Gospi?
When was Milutin Tesla returned to Gospi?
How old was Milutin Tesla when he died?
What was the cause of Milutin Tesla's death?
What did Milutin Tesla do in his old school?
Why was Milutin Tesla returned to Gospi?
In what year did Milutin Tesla die?
What was the name of Milutin Tesla's old school?
What was the cause of Milutin Tesla's death?
Where did Tesla go to study?
How long did it take to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University?
Why did Tesla not receive grades for his courses at Charles-Ferdinand University?
What university did Tesla arrive too late to enroll at?
Where did Tesla go to study?
In what year did two of Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospi?
What university did Tesla arrive too late to enroll at?
Who helped Tesla leave Gospi for Prague?
Where did Tesla move to in 1881?
What was the name of the telegraph company that Tesla worked for?
What position did Tesla get at the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What did Tesla claim to have perfected?
What position did Tesla hold in the Central Telegraph Office?
In what year did Tesla move to Budapest?
What was the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What was the name of the telegraph company that Tesla worked for?
What position did Tesla get at the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
In what year did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company in France?
Where was the Continental Edison Company located?
Where did Tesla move to in 1884?
Who hired Tesla to work at Edison Machine Works?
What did Thomas Edison hire Tesla to work at?
What company did Tesla work for in France in 1882?
Where was the Continental Edison Company located?
In what year did Tesla move to New York City?
Who hired Tesla to work at Edison Machine Works?
Where was the Edison Machine Works located?
How much money did Edison say he had to make to redesign Edison's generators?
What was Edison's salary over Tesla's?
How long did it take to redesign Edison's generators?
How much money did Edison say he had to make to redesign Edison's generators?
What did Edison say he didn't understand?
What was Edison's offer to Tesla?
Who were the two businessmen that partnered with Tesla to finance an electric lighting company?
What was the name of the lighting company that Tesla partnered with in 1886?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What were the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
What were the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
Who were the two businessmen that partnered with Tesla to finance an electric lighting company?
In what year did Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail partner with Tesla?
What was the name of the lighting company that Tesla partnered with in 1886?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What company did Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail partner with?
What did the investors do to Tesla?
How did Tesla feel when he was forced out of the company?
What job did Tesla have for $2 per day?
In what years did Tesla consider the winter of 1886-1887 as a time of "terrible headaches and bitter tears"?
What did he do with the patents he had generated?
What job did Tesla have for $2 per day?
What did he work at for $2 per day?
What was Alfred S. Brown's occupation?
When did the two men form the Tesla Electric Company?
How did the profits from the patents go?
In what city was 89 Liberty Street located?
In what year did Tesla meet Alfred S. Brown?
What was Alfred S. Brown's occupation?
Who was Alfred S. Brown?
Where was the laboratory for Tesla located?
What was the name of the company created by the two men?
What was one of the things Tesla developed at the lab in 1887?
When was the induction motor patented?
What did the induction motor not need?
What was a disadvantage of using a commutator in a self-starting motor?
What type of design was the induction motor?
In what year was the induction motor developed?
Why was alternating current being built in Europe and the United States?
What did the induction motor not need to replace?
In what year was the induction motor patented?
What was Thomas Commerford Martin's career?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his alternating current system?
In what year did Thomas Commerford Martin arrange for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Why did Westinghouse not want to get a patent on a similar induction motor?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine in 1888?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine in 1888?
Who did engineers working for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company report that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system?
What Italian physicist presented a paper in March 1888?
What was Galileo Ferraris' profession?
What company was trying to secure a patent on a similar commutator-less, rotating magnetic field-based induction motor?
In what year did George Westinghouse negotiate a licensing deal for Tesla's polyphase induction motor?
How much did Westinghouse pay for the polyphase induction motor and transformer designs?
Who did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with?
What was Tesla's job title at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs?
How much did Westinghouse pay for the polyphase induction motor and transformer designs?
In what year did George Westinghouse negotiate a licensing deal for Tesla's polyphase induction motor?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla to be a consultant at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs?
Where was the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's labs located?
Where did Tesla work during this time?
What was the purpose of the alternating current system?
What type of AC system did the Westinghouse engineers agree on?
What did the Westinghouse engineers use instead of an induction motor?
What was the purpose of the alternating current system?
What did the Westinghouse engineers use instead of the induction motor?
Who were in the "War of Currents"?
Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse were rivals in the "War of Currents"?
What did Edison Machine Works pursue in 1890?
Thomas Edison's company was consolidated into what conglomerate in 1892?
What type of system did Westinghouse use to power arc lights?
Who held all the patents for DC and incandescent light?
When did the war of currents begin?
Why was the development of Tesla's motor put on hold for a while?
Thomas Edison's company was consolidated into what conglomerate in 1892?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What was the name of the system at the Columbian Exposition?
What was the name of the system at the Columbian Exposition?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
In what year did George Westinghouse win the bid to light the World's Columbian Exposition?
What was the 1893 World's Fair a key event in the history of?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?
Where was a contract for building a two-phase AC generating system awarded to Westinghouse Electric?
Who awarded a contract to build a two-phase AC generating system at the Niagara Falls?
Who was awarded a contract to build a distribution system at the Niagara Falls?
What system was the most reliable?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?
In what year did Richard Dean Adams start the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company?
What type of system was the most reliable?
What did Tesla think a two-phase system would be?
In what year was a patent-sharing agreement signed between Westinghouse and General Electric?
How much did Westinghouse pay for the patents?
What was Westinghouse's alternating current royalty rate?
How much did Westinghouse pay out in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
Who backed General Electric in the mid 1890s?
How much did Westinghouse pay out in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
How much did Westinghouse pay for the patents?
How old was Tesla when he became a naturalized citizen?
Where was the second lab located?
What did Tesla use to demonstrate the potential of wireless power transmission?
What did Tesla patent in 1891?
In what year did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What did Tesla patent in 1891?
How old was Tesla when he became a naturalized citizen?
What type of power transmission did Tesla demonstrate in his labs?
What was the forerunner of the IEEE?
What was the forerunner of the IEEE?
In what year did Tesla end his term as vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
What position did Tesla hold at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
When did Tesla serve as vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Along with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, what was the other forerunner of the modern-day IEEE?
Why did Tesla begin to investigate radiant energy?
What event caused the loss of most of Tesla's early research?
When did Wilhelm Röntgen announce the discovery of x-rays?
What was the only thing captured in the image of Mark Twain?
In what year did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy?
What is another name for 'Roentgen rays'?
What happened to most of Tesla's early research?
What did Tesla try to photograph Mark Twain illuminated by a Geissler tube?
Who did Tesla try to photograph with a Geissler tube?
What did Röntgen discover?
When was the discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging discovered?
What is another name for X-ray and X-ray imaging?
In his research, what did Tesla devise several experimental setups to produce?
What was the output of the single terminal vacuum tube?
In what year was the discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging discovered?
What was the output of the single terminal vacuum tube?
What type of rays did Tesla believe he could produce with his circuits?
What did Tesla incorrectly believe about X-rays?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of the damage to the skin?
What did Tesla believe was not caused by Roentgen rays, but by the ozone generated in contact with the skin?
What did Tesla note the hazards of working with?
Where can plasma waves occur?
What did Tesla believe caused damage to the skin?
What did Tesla believe X-rays were?
Where can plasma waves occur?
Where did Tesla write about X-rays?
Who was the Westinghouse engineer that developed the induction motor?
In what year did Westinghouse Electric start branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
Who started branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What was the name of the device that Tesla made to make a copper egg stand on end?
Who explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor?
In what year did the New York Herald Tribune publish an article about Tesla?
What did a minute particle break off the cathode, pass out of the tube, and do to Tesla?
What did Tesla say when a particle struck him?
What did Tesla compare the particles in his "electric gun" to?
What organization was the first to demonstrate the possibility of transmission by radio waves?
What device was used in the further development of radio?
Where was a lecture on the possibility of transmission by radio waves held?
In what year did Tesla demonstrate a radio-controlled boat?
What was the name of the radio-controlled boat that Tesla demonstrated to the public in 1898?
Where was an electrical exhibition held in 1898?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his teleautomaton to the public in 1898?
What animal was trained to pilot a teleautomaton?
In what year was Tesla granted patents for a "system of transmitting electrical energy" and "an electrical transmitter?
Who was the first to achieve radio transmission?
When did Guglielmo Marconi make his first transatlantic radio transmission?
In what year did the Supreme Court of the United States restore the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
Who restored the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
In what year did Tesla move to Colorado Springs?
Where did Tesla send his signals to?
When did Tesla perform his first experiments at his Colorado Springs lab?
How long was Tesla's spark?
What type of electricity did Tesla investigate?
What type of waves did Tesla observe during this time?
What did Tesla believe the earth had a resonant frequency?
What did Elmo create with millions of volts?
How long were the discharges of the artificial lightning?
How far away was the thunder heard in Cripple Creek?
What happened to light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab?
What happened to the Butterflies after they were sprayed with St. Elmo's fire?
What did the fault of the power station generator cause?
What happened to the dynamos in a power house six miles away?
Why were the dynamos in a power house burned out?
What did the sparks do to the insulation?
What did Tesla believe the unusual signals from his receiver could be?
What planet did reporters believe Tesla was hearing signals from?
In what publication was the article "Talking With Planets" published?
What is it hypothesized that Tesla may have done?
When was Marconi's European experiments?
How much did John Jacob Astor IV invest in 1899?
Why did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000 in 1899?
What did Tesla use the money for?
In what year did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000 for Tesla?
In what year did Tesla leave Colorado Springs?
What happened to Tesla's lab in 1904?
In what year was Tesla's lab torn down?
What happened to the contents of Tesla's lab two years after it was torn down?
What is the name of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility located near Shoreham, Long Island?
What was Wardenclyffe?
Where is Wardenclyffe located?
Who did Tesla ask for more money to build a more powerful transmitter?
What event did Tesla say he was affected by?
What was Morgan's reaction to the Panic of 1901?
How many letters did Tesla write to Morgan?
What was the purpose of Tesla's letters to Morgan?
What did Marconi do to terminate Tesla's relationship with Morgan?
How tall was the Wardenclyffe tower?
How many horsepower did Tesla demonstrate on his 50th birthday?
What was the speed of Tesla's bladeless turbine?
When was Tesla's 50th birthday?
At what speeds were several of Tesla's bladeless turbine engines tested?
What type of power did Tesla use to create his oscillator?
Where did Tesla experiment with mechanical oscillators?
What did the machine do as it grew?
In what publication was the article "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer" published?
What did Nikola Tesla say a continuation of his experiment would do?
What did Tesla believe enhanced intelligence?
What did Tesla do to make dull students bright?
Who was the superintendent of New York City schools in 1912?
Who was William H. Maxwell?
What type of investors did Tesla seek before World War I?
What happened to Tesla's funding after World War I?
What did Tesla do with the Wardenclyffe Tower?
How much did Tesla sell Wardenclyffe for?
What award did Tesla receive in 1917?
What was the name of the magazine in which Tesla wrote about submarines?
What was the signal viewed on?
What did the fluorescent screen resemble?
Who helped develop France's first radar system in the 1930s?
Who won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
Who were the winners of the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
What were rumors at the time that were unsubstantiated?
When can a recipient decline a Nobel Prize?
Why did biographers claim that Edison and Tesla were the original recipients of the award?
How many bids did Edison receive in 1915?
Who received one of 38 bids in 1915?
In what year did Tesla receive one of 38 possible bids?
What was Tesla's last patent?
What is a biplane capable of taking off vertically called?
How much did Tesla think the plane would sell for?
What type of engines were first used in rotor aircraft?
How much did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla?
What did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay for Tesla?
How long did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla's expenses?
What was the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company worried about?
What did Tesla announce in 1935?
How much loss did the new means of communication have?
How much loss did the new means of communication have over any terrestrial distance?
What did Tesla's new method of determining the location of accurately determine the location of?
In what year did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance?
Why did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker?
Who did Tesla refuse to consult after he was thrown to the ground?
What happened to Tesla's ribs after he was thrown to the ground?
When was Tesla able to get up?
When did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker to feed the pigeons?
What did Tesla make claims about after studying the Van de Graaff generator?
What did Tesla study to make his claims about a "teleforce" weapon?
What was the teleforce capable of being used against?
What was the purpose of the teleforce weapon?
What is another name for the Van de Graaff generator?
In what year was a luncheon held in his honor regarding the death ray?
When did Tesla say "but it is not an experiment... I have built, demonstrated and used it. Only a little time will pass before I can give it to the world."?
What type of pellets are used in the ray?
How are the small tungsten pellets accelerated?
How long will it take for Tesla to give the death ray to the world?
What did The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media refer to?
Where is The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media located?
Where is The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media located?
How many volts did the treatise charge particles to?
What did The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media try to end?
What did Tesla say he was trying to do?
Where was the blueprint for the teleforce weapon?
What did the spies leave empty-handed?
How old was Tesla when he died?
When did Tesla die?
Who found Tesla's body?
What sign did Alice Monaghan ignore when entering Tesla's room?
What was the cause of Tesla's death?
What did the FBI do to Tesla's belongings?
Who was called in to analyze the Tesla items in OAP custody?
What did Trump conclude was a hazard in unfriendly hands?
Where was Tesla's entire estate transported?
Who read the eulogy written by Louis Adamic?
Who wrote the eulogy?
On what date did the funeral for Tesla take place?
How many people attended the state funeral for Tesla?
Where was Tesla's funeral held?
Where were the ashes of Nikola Tesla shipped to?
Who was Tesla's nephew?
Who was the secretary of Sava Kosanovic?
Where were the ashes of Nikola Tesla shipped to?
Where are the ashes of Tesla displayed?
How many patents did Tesla get worldwide for his inventions?
In how many countries are there 278 patents issued to Tesla?
In what country were many of Tesla's patents issued?
Where have some of Tesla's patents been hidden?
At what time was dinner required to be ready?
When did Tesla work every day?
When did Tesla resume his work?
Who could be the only one to serve Tesla's dinner?
How many miles did Tesla walk per day?
For what purpose did Tesla walk between 8 to 10 miles per day?
What did Tesla do to stimulate his brain cells?
What did Tesla say squished his toes stimulated?
In an interview with Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said he did not believe in what?
What was Arthur Brisbane's profession?
How many fundamental laws did Tesla believe could be reduced to?
What animals did Tesla feed at the end of his life?
How much did Tesla spend to fix the pigeon's broken wing and leg?
What did the pigeon's bones need to be fixed?
Where did Tesla walk every day to feed the pigeons?
Where did Tesla bring injured pigeons to?
How much did Tesla weigh?
How tall was Tesla?
When did Tesla's weight change?
In what city did Tesla live?
How many languages did Tesla speak?
What were the blinding flashes of light often accompanied by?
What technique did Tesla use to construct his invention?
What type of affliction did Tesla suffer from?
What type of memory did Tesla have?
How long did Tesla spend at a gaming table?
How long did Tesla work in his lab?
Where was Tesla's second year of study?
Who was a journalist whom Tesla had befriended?
What was Kenneth Swezey's profession?
What did Tesla say was very helpful to his scientific abilities?
Who vying for Tesla's affection has there been numerous accounts of?
When did Tesla tell a reporter that he made too great a sacrifice to his work?
Who was Tesla's secretary?
Who described Tesla as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force"?
What was Tesla prone to doing with his work?
What type of person was Tesla?
What was Julian Hawthorne's profession?
Who described Tesla's induction motor as "the most valuable patent since the telephone"?
Where did Mark Twain spend a lot of time?
When did Tesla befriend George Sylvester Viereck?
What did Tesla express disgust for when he fired a secretary?
Who did Tesla fire because of her weight?
Why did Tesla fire a secretary?
What did Tesla direct a subordinate to do?
What did Tesla believe was not creating an electric charge?
What did Tesla believe was pervasive?
What did ether do?
In what century was ether a concept?
Whose theory of relativity was Tesla critical of?
What was Tesla's attitude towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy?
Tesla was critical of Einstein's theory of what?
What did Tesla claim to have completed in 1937?
In what year did Tesla begin working on his own physical principle regarding matter and energy?
What type of space was the theory of gravity based on?
How old was Tesla when he claimed to have completed a "dynamic theory of gravity"?
What was imposed selective breeding version of?
What type of workings of nature did Tesla believe humans' pity interfered with?
What did Tesla believe had interfered with the natural "ruthless workings of nature"?
In what year did Tesla say that eugenics was imposed?
Who did Tesla believe would become the dominant sex in the future?
In what year did Tesla comment on the ills of the social subservience of women?
Who did Tesla believe would run humanity's future?
What time period did Tesla make predictions about?
What were the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War?
When was "Science and Discovery are the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War" published?
What did Tesla believe was not a remedy for the times and issues?
What religion was Tesla raised?
What religion did Tesla oppose?
What religions did Tesla have a profound respect for?
What was the name of the article published in 1937 by Tesla?
What are Tesla's religious views?
What did Tesla say he would end with a machine to end?
What did Nikola Tesla write for magazines and journals?
Where did Nikola Tesla write his books?
Who compiled and edited My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla?
Where are many of Nikola Tesla's writings freely available?
In what year was "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy" published?
What is the name of Nikola Tesla's book?
In what genre is the impact of the technologies invented by Tesla a recurring theme?
What has Tesla's legacy endured in?
In how many types of science fiction is the impact of the technologies invented by Tesla a recurring theme?
What magazine put Tesla on its cover on his 75th birthday?
On what date in 1931 did Time magazine put Tesla on its cover?
What did the cover of Time magazine mention Tesla's contribution to?
Who was one of the pioneers who congratulated Tesla on his 75th birthday?
How many scientists congratulated Tesla on his 75th birthday?
What branch of the theory of computation focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their what?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying what according to their inherent difficulty?
When is a problem considered inherently difficult?
What does the theory introduce to study problems that require significant resources?
What are two examples of resources needed to solve a problem?
What is used in circuit complexity?
What is one of the roles of computational complexity theory?
What are closely related fields in theoretical computer science?
What field is closely related to computability theory?
What is devoted to analyzing the amount of resources needed by a particular algorithm to solve a problem?
What theory asks what kind of problems can, in principle, be solved algorithmically?
What is the input string for a computational problem called?
The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with what?
What type of utterance can serve as the input for a decision problem?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of what?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with what for every instance?
How many kilometres is it necessary to travel through all of Germany's 15 largest cities?
What is one way to solve the traveling salesman problem?
What does complexity theory address?
What is a string over an alphabet called?
What is the alphabet usually taken to be?
What are the strings over an alphabet called?
In what way can integers be represented?
What can be used to encode graphs?
What is one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory?
What are the answers to a decision problem?
A decision problem is a special type of computational problem whose answer is either yes or no, or alternately what?
If the algorithm deciding a decision problem returns the answer yes, the algorithm is said to accept the input string, or it is said to reject the input?
If the algorithm deciding a decision problem returns the answer yes, the algorithm is said to accept the input string, or it is said to reject the input?
What is an example of a decision problem?
What is the set of all connected graphs?
What must be decided to obtain a precise definition of the formal language?
What is a function problem?
What is expected for every input in a function problem?
What is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input?
What is an example of a function problem?
What is a function problem's output more than a decision problem?
What can function problems be recast as?
What can the multiplication of two integers be expressed as?
What may one wish to measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem?
What does the running time depend on?
How is the time required to solve a problem calculated?
The size of the input is usually taken to be the size of the input in what?
Complexity theory is interested in how algorithms scale with what?
What says that a problem can be solved with a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm?
What can be expressed as a function of n?
What is T(n) defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
What is the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
If T(n) is a polynomial in n, the algorithm is said to be what?
What is a mathematical model of a general computing machine?
The Church-Turing thesis states that if a problem can be solved by what, there exists a Turing machine that solves the problem?
What is the most commonly used model in complexity theory?
What does a Turing machine manipulate on a strip of tape?
What is the most basic Turing machine?
What does a deterministic Turing machine use to determine its future actions?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits called?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism?
What are algorithms that use random bits called?
What are many types of Turing machines used to define?
What resources are bounded?
What type of Turing machines are used to define complexity classes?
What is an example of a model that can be converted to another without providing extra computational power?
Random access machines can be converted to another without providing any extra what?
What two things may vary in different models of random access machines?
What do all of these models have in common?
What type of Turing machine has little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms?
What are some computational problems easier to analyze in terms of?
What does the non-deterministic Turing machine capture?
What is a very important resource in analyzing computational problems?
The time required by a deterministic Turing machine on input x is the total number of what?
What is complexity theory interested in classifying problems based on?
What is the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine denoted by?
A decision problem A can be solved in what if there is a Turing machine operating in time f(n)?
Time and space are the most well-known what?
What can any complexity measure be viewed as?
What are complexity measures generally defined by?
What are very generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What are very generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What are the three cases of complexity?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different inputs of the same size?
The best, worst, and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring what?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different what of the same size?
What solves the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input?
When the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order, the algorithm takes time O(n2) for what case?
What is the average time taken for sorting in reverse order?
What is one interested in proving upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by solving a given problem?
What field does Analyzing a particular algorithm fall under?
What makes a statement about all possible algorithms that solve a given problem?
What type of T(n) does one show on the time complexity of a problem?
What do lower bounds make a statement about?
What makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model used?
What does the big O notation hide?
What would one write if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40?
What does the big O notation make the bounds independent of?
What type of class has complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework?
What do some complexity classes not fit into?
What do some complexity classes have that do not fit into the framework?
What do complexity classes depend on?
How long can a language be solved on a multi-tape Turing machine?
In what model can the language 'x | x is any binary string' be solved in linear time?
What states that the time  complexity in any two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related?
What is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time?
What do many important complexity classes define by bounding?
What is the time or space used by the algorithm called?
What can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm?
What are other important complexity classes?
AC and NC are defined using what type of circuits?
BQP and QMA are defined using what type of Turing machines?
What is an important complexity class of counting problems?
IP and AM are defined using what type of proof system?
What does relaxation of the requirements on define a bigger set of problems?
What is DTIME(n) contained in?
What are the answers to time and space requirements given by?
What do hierarchy theorems induce?
What can we do after deduced proper set inclusions?
What form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes?
The time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in what?
The space hierarchy theorem tells us that L is strictly contained in what?
What is a transformation of one problem into another problem called?
A reduction is a transformation of one problem into what?
If a problem is solved using an algorithm for Y, what does X do to Y?
What are some types of reductions based on the method of reduction?
Polynomial-time reductions and log-space reductions are based on what?
What is the most commonly used reduction?
The problem of squaring an integer can be reduced to the problem of what?
What does a polynomial-time reduction take?
What can be given to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm?
What can squaring be reduced to?
What determines the notion of hard problems?
Why is a problem X hard for a class of problems C?
What does an algorithm for X allow us to do?
What is the set of problems that are hard for NP?
What class of problems contain the most difficult problems in NP?
What class contains the most difficult problems in NP?
If a known NP-complete problem is reduced to another problem, what would indicate?
What class contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What class contains many problems that people would like to solve efficiently but for which no efficient algorithm is known?
What is the hypothesis of the complexity class P called?
The Boolean satisfiability problem, the Hamiltonian path problem, and the vertex cover problem are examples of what class?
What is an example of a problem that people would like to solve efficiently?
What are special non-deterministic Turing machines?
If the answer is yes, many important problems can be shown to have what?
What is an example of a problem that can be shown to be more efficient if P equals NP?
What is the prize for solving the Millennium Prize Problem?
Who showed that if P  NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete?
What are problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete called?
What is an example of a NP-intermediate problem?
What is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
The polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level if graph isomorphism is what?
If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, what collapses to its second level?
If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to what level?
Who created the best algorithm for the problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
What is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer?
The integer factorization problem is the problem of deciding whether the input has a factor less than what?
What does the RSA algorithm form the basis of?
What is the best known algorithm for integer factorization?
Many known complexity classes are what?
What is an example of a class that is not equal to P?
Where are many known complexity classes?
What would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory?
What is the class containing the complement problems?
What happens to the yes/no answers of NP problems?
What is it believed that NP is not equal to co-NP?
What happens if the two complexity classes are not equal?
What is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
What is it not known if L is strictly contained in P or equal to P?
NL and NC are two examples of what?
What are two examples of complexity classes?
What is not known about NL and NC?
What are problems that take too long for their solutions to be useful called?
What might be unusable in practice?
If NP is not the same as P, what are also intractable?
What is an example of a decision problem that is not in P?
What has been written to solve the decision problem in Pres Burger arithmetic?
What problem can algorithms solve in less than quadratic time?
How long can algorithms solve the NP-complete knapsack problem?
SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of what?
What did researchers do before the complexity of algorithmic problems began?
Who defined the definition of Turing machines?
What did Alan Turing define in 1936?
In what year did Alan Turing define Turing machines?
Alan Turing's definition of Turing machines was a very robust and flexible simplification of what?
What is the name of the seminal paper by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns?
Who wrote "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns laid out the definitions of what?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
Who defined linear bounded automata?
When was Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets published?
Who wrote a paper on real-time computations in 1962?
What do some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems often assume?
What is one tries to keep the discussion abstract enough to be independent of?
Who developed an axiomatic complexity theory in 1967?
What was the result of Blum's axiomatic complexity theory?
What was the name of Richard Karp's paper?
How many diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems are NP-complete?
What is a course of study called?
What is the science of teaching?
Where must a person obtain specified professional qualifications to become a teacher?
What can a teacher use to facilitate student learning?
Where is the role of teacher usually carried out?
A teacher's role may vary among what?
What type of education can a teacher provide instruction in?
What type of vocational training can a teacher provide?
What does a teacher provide instruction in?
What is an example of a teacher who is a transient or ongoing role?
In some countries, formal education can take place through what?
In some countries, what type of education can take place through home schooling?
What type of role does a teacher have in informal learning?
What can informal learning be assisted by in a wider community setting?
What type of teacher is a mullah?
What type of texts can religious teachers teach?
What religious texts can religious teachers teach?
What are gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas?
What is it called when a family is taught informally?
Who can formal teaching be carried out by?
What is another name for a CPA?
Where can teaching be carried out informally?
Who can formal teaching be carried out by?
What does a teacher help organize outside of the classroom?
What type of activities can a teacher supervise?
What do teachers supervise outside of the classroom?
Who may accompany students on field trips?
What are generally established to serve and protect the public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession?
Why are teacher's colleges established?
Whose interest are teacher's colleges established to serve and protect?
What profession is a variety of bodies designed to instill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of?
What are teacher's colleges enforcing?
Who must teachers in public funded schools be in good standing with?
What type of hearings can be held in a teacher's college?
What is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
What is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
What is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
What is an example of an environment in which a teacher can help a student?
What is another term for a teacher who teaches on an individual basis?
In what type of school is a teacher often found?
What do teachers do in education?
What type of approach is used to teach skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills?
What are different ways to teach referred to as?
What do teachers accompany students on?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What technology has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What is a practical objective of a teacher?
Who determines standardized curricula?
What type of disabilities can a teacher interact with?
What is one age that a teacher may interact with?
What type of curricula can a teacher follow?
What does pedagogy assess the educational levels of students on?
What does the real bulk of learning take place in?
What does a teacher do to the timid?
What does a teacher do to the cocky?
Who uses the whole gamut of psychology to get each new class of rookies off the bench and into the game?
What is the most significant difference between primary and secondary school teaching?
What does a primary school teacher teach?
What type of teachers are in secondary schools?
In what school do children act as form tutor, specialist teacher and surrogate parent?
What type of parent is a primary school teacher?
What types of approaches are there for primary education?
What is another name for a group of students in a class that moves from one specialist to another for every subject?
How do students get a strong sense of security?
What do teachers who specialize in one subject tend to be?
In what country is primary education the most common?
What is defined as two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom?
Co-teaching is defined as how many teachers?
Co-teaching focuses the student on what?
Co-teaching is defined as two or more teachers working what to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom?
What does co-teaching provide to a student?
What was the most common form of school discipline?
What was a teacher expected to act as while a child was in school?
What was open to a substitute parent while a child was in school?
What form of school discipline was corporal punishment?
When was a teacher expected to act as a substitute parent?
How common was corporal punishment in the past?
What countries have banned corporal punishment?
In what country is corporal punishment still lawful?
Who decided that paddling did not violate the US Constitution?
What does corporal punishment cause?
How many US states have banned corporal punishment?
Where are the most states that have not banned corporal punishment?
What is the rate of corporal punishment in public schools?
What is used to administer corporal punishment in American schools?
Where is corporal punishment given today?
What type of corporal punishment is often used in Asian, African, and Caribbean countries?
Where is official corporal punishment still commonplace?
What is another name for school corporal punishment?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States, the UK, Ireland, Singapore and other countries?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States, the UK, Ireland, Singapore and other countries?
Where is detention most common?
How do students sit during detention?
What do students have to write during detention?
What type of teacher is a modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe?
What is positive reinforcement balanced with?
What defines what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior?
What are seen as outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline?
What are teachers expected to do to their students?
Who advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline?
In what country are strict discipline and high standards of education combined?
What do some teachers and parents claim many problems with modern schooling stem from?
What do some teachers and parents advocate?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
What is the typical school class size?
What can maintaining order in a classroom divert the teacher from?
What do teachers concentrate their attention on?
What do teachers ignore in order to focus on motivated students?
What do teachers concentrate their attention on?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools claim can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popular authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for whom?
What is the atmosphere of a Sudbury model democratic school?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools claim about public order?
What do the proponents of Sudbury model democratic schools argue is a school in which community discipline prevails?
What do students who have a positive disposition towards the course materials tend to rate higher than teachers who don't?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition towards the course content transfer to receptive students?
What do receptive teachers not do?
What do students who have enthusiastic teachers rate them?
What is a correlation between intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom?
What were students who experienced a very enthusiastic teacher more likely to do outside of the classroom?
What is a result of a teacher's enthusiasm?
What type of studies have shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
What is the effect of nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm on students' intrinsic motivation to learn?
What can enthusiasm lead students to become in their own learning process?
What may act as a "motivational embellishment"?
What is another term for teacher enthusiasm?
What may contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm which feed student interest and excitement in learning the subject matter?
What are student motivation and attitudes closely linked to?
What kind of relationship do enthusiastic teachers have with their students?
What does academic success include?
What must a teacher guide his student in?
What are closely linked to student-teacher relationships?
What kind of teachers are students likely to build stronger relations with?
What kind of teachers are students likely to build stronger relations with?
How do effective teachers spend more time?
What type of teacher is a teacher who spends more time with students?
What is the most important aspect of a teacher's enthusiasm?
What type of teacher has the ability to be very influential in the young students life?
A spark in a teacher may create a spark of excitement in whom?
What can an enthusiastic teacher be in the student's life?
What does a teacher need to be enthusiastic about?
What type of misconduct has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts?
What percentage of students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country did the American Association of University Women report that 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
When did the American Association of University Women report that 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
What organization reported that 9.6% of students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
Where was the AAUW study?
Who were included in the study that showed a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional?
How many young people were in the British study?
Which study posed questions about fourteen types of sexual harassment and various degrees of frequency?
In what country did Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau occur?
Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau have caused what?
What has led to many men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession?
Who is the general secretary of the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers?
What groups have been outraged by Chris Keates' comments?
What has the fear of being labelled a pedophile or hebephile led to in some jurisdictions?
What did Chris Keates say teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What type of hours can a teacher expect to substitute with a heavy workload?
What are teachers at high risk for?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What percentage of UK teachers experienced occupational stress in 2000?
In what country did a 2000 study find 42% of teachers experienced occupational stress?
How much more stress did teachers experience than the average profession?
In what year did a study find that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress?
A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than who?
How many ways are there to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
What is an example of a way to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
What type of intervention is used to relieve occupational stress among teachers?
What can Organizational Interventions help to reduce?
What is an example of a way to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
Where are teachers educated in almost all countries?
What do governments require before they can teach in a school?
What is earned after completion of high school?
What do many educational institutions require prospective teachers to pass to be able to teach in a classroom?
In what country do many educational institutions require prospective teachers to pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation to be able to teach?
Who is responsible for education in Australia?
How many tiers does education in Australia follow?
What type of education is a TAFE college?
What are two examples of tertiary education?
What type of education is included in the three-tier model?
What does teaching in Canada require?
What is required to become a qualified teacher in most provinces?
Who funds a private school?
In Germany, teachers are mainly what?
What are the special university classes called in Germany?
What is the name of the elementary school in Germany?
What do salaries for teachers depend on?
What is the name of the higher level secondary school in Germany?
What is given for teaching through the Irish language in a Gaeltacht area or on an island?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher in Ireland?
What is the basic pay for a teacher with 25 years of service?
How much could a principal of a large school earn?
Who are teachers required to be registered with?
What section of the Teaching Council Act 2001 states that a person employed in any capacity in a recognised teaching post may not be paid from Oireachtas funds?
In what year was the Teaching Council Act passed?
What can a person not be paid from?
When was Garda vetting introduced?
For whom has Garda vetting been introduced?
How will existing staff be vetted?
Who can not be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity, including in a voluntary role?
How much did a teacher earn in September 2007?
What factors can make a teacher's salary much higher?
How much can a preschool teacher earn annually?
What must teachers in state schools have at least?
In what month and year did salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers range from £20,133 to £41,004?
What do many counties offer to attract people into teaching?
What type of jobs are most counties able to attract into teaching?
What is a characteristic of teaching opportunities?
What are expected as retirements?
Who is most likely to have excellent job opportunities as a retiree?
Who registers teachers in Scotland?
What is an all graduate profession in Scotland?
How many Scottish universities offer ITE courses?
What is given by the GTCS after a year if there is sufficient evidence to show that the "Standard for Full Registration" has been met?
When is "Full Registration" status raised?
When did the salary year for unpromoted teachers begin?
How much did unpromoted teachers in Scotland earn for a Probationer?
How much did unpromoted teachers in Scotland earn after 6 years of teaching?
What do unpromoted teachers need to complete to become a Chartered teacher?
What can teachers in Scotland be registered members of?
What country has a significant number of students who are educated either wholly or largely through the medium of Welsh?
In 2008/09, 22 per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used what language as the sole or main medium of instruction?
How long are lessons in the language compulsory for all pupils in Wales?
What percentage of primary schools in Wales use Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction?
What is Welsh medium education available to?
ATL, NUT and NASUWT are examples of what?
What is the average age of teachers in Wales?
When did attacks on teachers in Welsh schools reach an all-time high?
ATL, NUT and NASUWT are examples of what?
What is the growing cause of attacks on teachers in Welsh schools?
Who determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools in the United States?
How long can a teacher's certification last?
What are public school teachers required to have?
What type of schools do not require their teachers to be certified?
What is the name of the organization that sets the standards for charter schools?
What have teachers been paid in the past?
What has improved in recent years?
What two factors make a teacher more likely to earn more than a standard bachelor's degree and certificate?
Who had the lowest median salary for K-12 teachers?
What is the name of the website that many teachers sell their lesson plans on?
How many forms of spiritual or religious teachers are there in Christianity?
What type of denomination has a heavy emphasis on heavy reading and personal, Spirit-enlightened interpretation of the Holy Bible?
How often is a Confessor in Roman Catholicism a bishop?
What are the three major traditions of Christianity?
What is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
Who fills the role of "spiritual teacher" in the LDS Church?
What type of teacher does the LDS Church have little in common with?
Who does the LDS Church place a stronger emphasis on?
Who are Priesthood representatives expected to defer to when in his home?
What is the name of the spiritual teacher in Hinduism?
What is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship in Hinduism?
Who do gurus control in Hinduism?
In what part of the world is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship highest?
What are the teachers of Dharma in Tibet most commonly called?
What is a Tulku determined to do?
What is the name of a Lama who consciously decides to be reborn?
How often is a Tulku reborn?
How is a Tulku determined to be reborn?
What is the name of the teacher whoteaches the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic living?
What is the name of the teacher whoteaches the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic living?
What is the more spiritual or mystical Islamic tradition?
What is exoteric?
What is the highest saint in Sufism?
What nationality was Martin Luther?
When did Martin Luther die?
What church did Martin Luther reject?
Martin Luther disputed the claim that freedom from what could be purchased with money?
What happened to Martin Luther when he refused to retract his writings?
What did Luther say salvation is received as?
What did Luther believe was the only way to receive salvation?
Luther's theology challenged the authority and office of who?
What was the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What did Luther consider all baptized Christians to be?
What was translated into the vernacular?
What version of the German language was influenced by the translation of the Bible into the vernacular?
What was the name of the English translation of the Bible?
What did his hymns influence?
What did his marriage to Katharina von Bora allow?
When was Martin Luther born?
Where was Martin Luther born?
What empire was Eisleben a part of?
What religion was Martin Luther baptized as?
What was Martin Luther's eldest son's career?
What university did he attend at the age of 19?
What did he describe the University of Erfurt as?
How long did he have to wake up every morning at the University of Erfurt?
What was he made to wake at four every morning for?
When did he receive his master's degree?
What school did Luther drop out of?
Why did Luther drop out of law school?
What was Luther drawn to?
How did Luther test himself?
What did Luther believe could not lead men to?
What was Luther afraid of when he cried out, "Help! Saint Anna, I will become a monk?"
On what date did Luther decide to become a monk?
What was the name of the cloister that Luther entered on July 17, 1505?
What did one friend blame for Luther's decision to enter a closed Augustinian cloister?
What was Luther's father furious over?
Luther dedicated himself to what order?
What did Luther describe the period of his life as?
What did Luther make of Christ?
Who was Luther's superior?
What did Johann von Staupitz teach about repentance?
When was Luther ordained to the priesthood?
Who was the first dean of the University of Wittenberg?
In what year did von Staupitz send Luther to teach theology?
When did von Staupitz receive a bachelor's degree in Biblical studies?
What degree did von Staupitz receive in 1509?
When was he awarded his Doctor of Theology?
When was he received into the senate of theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg?
What position was he called to at the University of Wittenberg?
Where did he spend the rest of his career?
What degree was he awarded on October 19th 1512?
When was Johann Tetzel sent to Germany?
What was Johann Tetzel's purpose in selling indulgences?
What church sent Johann Tetzel to Germany?
What did the Roman Catholic Church believe was the only way to justify man?
What did the Roman Catholic Church believe was the only way to justify man?
When did Luther write to his bishop?
Who was Luther's bishop?
What was the name of Luther's "Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences"?
Who wrote that Luther had no intention of confronting the church?
Which of Luther's Theses asks, "Why does the pope build the basilica of St. Peter with the money of poor believers rather than with his own money?"
Who attributed the saying "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings"?
What did Tetzel say the soul from purgatory springs from?
Who objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven') springs?
Who attributed the saying "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings"?
Who was the only one to grant forgiveness?
What did those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them what were in error?
What did those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers from all were in error?
What did he say Christians must not slacken in following Christ on account of?
Who did he say must not slacken in following on account of such false assurances?
Whose teaching on indulgences for the living was in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What was Tetzel's statement about indulgences a reflection of?
Tetzel's teaching on indulgences for the living was in line with Catholic dogma of the time.
What was Tetzel's teaching in relation to indulgences for the dead?
What has little foundation in truth?
What is one of the pillars of history, even though it has settled as one of the pillars of history?
Who wrote the story of the posting on the door?
Philipp Melanchthon is thought to have been where at the time?
What does the story of the posting on the door have?
When did Luther's friends translate the 95 Theses from Latin to German?
What was one of the first in history to be aided by the translation of the 95 Theses?
Who translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Germany?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Europe?
When did Luther's writings reach France, England, and Italy?
Who thronged to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak?
What part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive?
In what year were three of Luther's best-known works published?
Which of Luther's works was published in 1520?
What did Luther do from 1510 to 1520?
What terms did Luther see used by the Catholic Church in new ways?
What did Luther believe the Catholic Church was?
What did Luther lose sight of as he studied the Catholic Church?
What was the most important for Luther?
Who did Luther believe was the work of justification?
In what year was On the Bondage of the Will published?
What was faith for Luther?
Where did Luther explain his concept of justification?
What did Luther discover about the just person of whom the Bible speaks?
What was the first point that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What was the first point that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What was Luther's railing against?
How many points did Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" become the foundation for the Reformation?
Who did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses?
Where was the building of St Peter's Church?
What did Albrecht need the revenue from the indulgences to pay off?
How much of the money was to go to the building of St Peter's Church in Rome?
When did Albrecht send the theses to Rome?
Who was used to reformers and heretics?
Who did Leo X deploy against Luther?
When did Cajetan Luther say he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church?
What did Cajetan Luther's interpretation of Bible prophecy conclude?
What was Cajetan's original instruction to do if Luther did not recant?
When did Karl von Miltitz adopt a more conciliatory approach?
What did Luther promise to do if his opponents did?
Who was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum?
What scripture did Luther say did not confer on popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture?
What did Johann Eck call Luther?
When did the Pope warn Luther that he risked excommunication?
What did Luther need to do in order to be excommunicated?
How long did Luther have to recite the 95 Theses?
Who attempted to broker a solution to Luther's excommunication?
When was Luther excommunicated?
Who enforced the ban on the 95 Theses?
When did Luther appear before the Diet of Worms?
What was the Diet of Worms?
Who presides over the Diet of Worms?
Who obtained a safe conduct for Luther to and from the Diet of Worms?
Who presented Luther with copies of his writings?
Who was Johann Eck?
What did Johann Eck ask Luther to do with his books?
When did Luther give his answer to the second question?
How did Luther respond to Eck's questions?
What did Luther do at the end of his speech?
Luther raised his arm in the traditional salute of what?
Who considers Luther's speech a "world classic of epoch-making oratory?"
What type of speech did Michael Mullett consider Luther's speech to be?
What did Luther refuse to do?
Who refused to recant his writings?
How were Luther's words recorded in witness accounts of the proceedings?
What type of form did Mullett believe Luther would tend to choose?
What were held to determine Luther's fate?
When was the final draft of the Edict of Worms presented?
Who presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms?
What did the Edict of Worms require?
What did the Edict of Worms allow anyone to do without legal consequence?
What was planned during Luther's return to Wittenberg?
What was the name of the castle at Eisenach that Luther referred to as "my Patmos"?
What was Luther's nickname during his stay at Wartburg?
What did Luther translate from Greek to German during his stay at Wartburg?
What did Luther do to Albrecht of Mainz?
What did Luther say every good work designed to attract God's favor was?
What did Luther say about God's grace?
When did Luther write to Melanchthon?
What did Luther believe was the victor over sin, death, and the world?
Luther said that life is not a place where what resides?
When did Luther widen his target from individual pieties to doctrines at the heart of Church practices?
How did Luther view the idea that the mass is a sacrifice?
What did Luther say the mass was instead of a sacrifice?
What did On Confession, Whether the Pope has the Power to Require it encourage?
What did Luther assure monks and nuns that they could do without sin?
What did Luther place the foundations of the Reformation on?
In what year did Luther deal with prophecy?
When was the Little Horn prophecy?
What prophecy did Luther focus on in 1521?
What was identified as the power of the Papacy?
Who supported Andreas Karlstadt?
When did Karlstadt embark on a radical program of reform at Wittenberg?
What did the reforms at Wittenberg cause?
What were the visionary zealots called?
Who asked Martin Luther to return to Wittenberg?
When did Luther secretly return to Wittenberg?
What did Luther use to heal the ravages of Satan?
What did Luther do for eight days in Lent?
What were Luther's sermons known as?
What did Luther remind the citizens to do instead of violence?
What was the effect of Luther's intervention?
Who was the Wittenberg jurist?
When did Jerome Schurf write to the elector?
What did Jerome Schurf think of Dr. Martin's return?
What type of people did Martin's words bring back every day?
What did Luther work with the authorities to restore?
What type of force was Luther?
Who did Luther banish?
What did the radical reformers foment?
Who did Luther face a battle against after banishing the Zwickau prophets?
What was Nicholas Storch's profession?
Nicholas Storch and Thomas Müntzer helped instigate what war?
When was the German Peasants' War?
What did many peasants believe Luther would do on the upper classes?
Luther's pamphlets against the Church and the hierarchy led many peasants to believe he would support an attack on what class in general?
Who did Luther remind the aggrieved to obey?
When did Luther become enraged at the burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries?
Luther called for the nobles to put down rebels like what?
In Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants, Luther condemned the violence as what?
Who did Luther call for to put down the rebels?
How did Luther justify his opposition to the rebels?
How did Luther justify his opposition to the rebels?
St. Paul wrote that all authorities are appointed by whom?
What is the doctrine of the divine right of the princes?
How did the rebels die?
What did Luther give to the rebels?
Who defeated the rebels at the Battle of Frankenhausen?
When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?
What happened after the Battle of Frankenhausen?
Luther's Reformation flourished under the wing of what?
Who did Martin Luther marry?
How were the nuns smuggled out of the Nimbschen Cistercian convent?
How old was Katharina when she was married to Martin Luther?
How old was Martin Luther when he married Katharina?
When did Martin Luther marry Katharina von Bora?
When was the couple engaged?
When was the wedding of Bugenhagen and Apel?
What event was left out of the ceremony?
On what date was the wedding banquet made up?
Who married Justus Jonas, Johannes Apel, Philipp Melanchthon and Lucas Cranach the Elder?
What did Luther's wedding set on clerical marriage?
What did Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on?
Why did Luther condemn vows of celibacy?
What did Luther expect when he married George Spalatin?
What did Melanchthon call Luther's decision to marry?
What was the name of the former monastery Luther and his wife moved into?
Where did Luther and his wife move into?
How many children did Luther and Elizabeth have?
What did Luther say he would not exchange his poverty for?
Katharina helped Luther and his wife earn a living by doing what?
What was Luther's ideal for congregations?
What did Luther establish from 1525 to 1529?
What type of worship service did Luther lay down from 1525 to 1529?
How did Luther write his summary of the new faith?
What was Luther's view of the cross?
What did Luther avoid to avoid confusing or upsetting the people?
Where did Luther focus on the church?
What did Luther act as to churches in new territories?
What elector did Luther work closely with?
Luther's partnership with John the Steadfast was the beginning of a questionable and originally unintended development towards a church government under what?
When did Luther publish his German Mass?
Luther's German Mass was not a replacement for what?
Luther's German Mass was an alternative for what group?
What did Luther omit from his German Mass?
What did trappings allow in Luther's German Mass?
When did the Electorate of Saxony begin?
When did Luther and his colleagues introduce the new order of worship?
What did Luther and his colleagues assess in Saxony?
What did Luther say the common people did not know?
What did Luther think of pastors?
What did Luther create as a method of imparting the basics of Christianity to the congregations?
In what year did Luther write the Large Catechism?
Who was the Large Catechism written for?
Who memorized the Small Catechism?
What did Luther incorporate in the catechism?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
What did Luther want to collect?
Which of Luther's works has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching?
Which of Luther's works has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching?
Luther's translation of what is still in use today?
What was the name of Luther's teaching that helped parents teach their children?
What type of Catechism was effective for pastors?
What language did Luther use to express the Apostles' Creed?
Luther depicted the Trinity not as a doctrine to be learned, but as what to be known?
Where does Salvation originate?
When did Luther publish his German translation of the New Testament?
When was the Old Testament translated?
What did Luther and his collaborators complete in 1534?
What word did Luther insert after "faith" in Romans 3:28?
What did Luther say when he was criticised for inserting the word "alone" after "faith" in Romans 3:28?
Where was the variant of German spoken?
Luther's translation of the Bible was intelligible to which Germans?
Who did Luther want the Bible to be accessible to?
What did Luther want to make the Bible accessible to other people?
What did Luther want to remove from the Bible?
What type of publication was the Luther Bible published at a time of rising demand?
Luther's version of the Bible became a popular and influential what?
What did Luther's version of the Bible make a significant contribution to?
Who made the woodcuts for the Luther Bible?
Who wrote the English Bible?
What did Luther do as a hymn writer?
What types of music did Luther connect?
What was Luther's tool of choice?
What instrument did Luther often accompany hymns with?
What was the lute that Luther accompanied hymns with that became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century?
What evoked Luther's hymns?
Why were Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes martyred?
What was the name of Luther's hymn?
Who translated the hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an"?
What is the first line of the hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an" known as?
When was Luther's hymn written?
What did Luther explain in the Small Catechism?
What is the name of the three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed?
Luther's hymn was adapted and expanded from what earlier hymn?
Why did 20th century Lutherans rarely use the hymn?
When was Luther's hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer written?
Luther's hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer corresponds exactly to what?
The hymn functioned as a liturgical setting of the Lord's Prayer and as a means of examining candidates on what?
What does the extant manuscript of Luther's hymn show?
Other 16th and 20th century versifications of the Lord's Prayer have adopted what?
When did Luther write "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich to dir"?
Luther wrote "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich to dir" as a hymnic version of what?
What did Luther send as a sample to encourage evangelical colleagues to do?
What was the name of the first Lutheran hymnal?
What did the Reformation hymn express?
What hymn was based on Veni redemptor gentium?
What was "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" based on?
What did "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" become?
How many hymns did Luther write on the Ten Commandments?
What was "Mit Fried and Freud ich fahr dahin" known as?
What does the hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" reflect?
Whose tune was used in Luther's hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam"?
What Psalm 67 is associated with Luther's hymn?
Who was a notable composer of the 18th century?
Where was the Lutheran Reformation held?
Where were Luther's hymns included?
How many of Luther's hymns were included in the first Lutheran hymnal?
How many of Luther's hymns were in the Erfurt Enchiridion?
How many of Luther's hymns were in the first choral hymnal?
What was the name of the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter?
Who included several verses as chorale in his cantatas?
What did Johann Sebastian Bach base his cantatas on?
When was Christ lag in Todes Banden written?
When was the second annual cycle of Christ lag in Todes Banden?
In what year did Bach write his second annual cycle?
What did Luther believe a Christian's soul did after it was separated from the body in death?
What did Luther reject for the saints?
What did Luther believe a Christian's soul would do in a bedchamber?
What did Luther reject about Purgatory?
Where did Luther describe the saints as currently residing "in their graves and in heaven"?
Who observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from later Lutheran theologians?
Who was a later Lutheran theologian?
Who was a later Lutheran theologian?
When was Lessing born?
What is the name of Luther's work that concludes that the soul does not sleep?
Who argued that John Jortin misread Luther's Commentary on Genesis?
When did Francis Blackburne argue that John Jortin misread Luther's Commentary on Genesis?
Who pointed out that Luther's Commentary on Genesis refers to the soul of a man "in this life"?
What interrupts a man's sleep?
When did Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse convoke an assembly of German and Swiss theologians to establish doctrinal unity in the emerging Protestant states?
Who was Philip I?
What did Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse establish at the Marburg Colloquy?
How many points were there in the agreement?
What was the exception to the agreement?
Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius disagreed on the significance of what at the Last Supper?
Luther insisted on the Real Presence of what in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther call the consecrated bread and wine?
Luther's opponents believed God was only spiritually or what?
According to transcripts, the debate sometimes became what?
When was the Augsburg Confession signed?
Who paved the way for the signing of the Augsburg Confession?
What league was formed after the Augsburg Confession?
Who did not sign the Augsburg Confession?
Who was one of the leading Protestant nobles in the Schmalkaldic League?
What did some scholars claim Luther taught about faith and reason?
What is the greatest enemy that faith has?
How does reason contribute to faith?
What is the greatest enemy that faith has?
What is Luther's concern in separating faith and reason?
What did Luther write in 1523?
What did Luther lose hope for as a result of the Reformation?
Who did Luther believe Jesus Christ was born to?
Who did Luther write against in his later years?
In what year was Von den Juden and their Lies written?
How did Luther view the Turks?
What did Luther think the Turks were sent to do?
What did Luther believe the Biblical apocalypse would do?
What did Luther believe the antichrist was?
In 1529, Luther urged the Germans to fight what type of war against the Turks?
Luther opposed banning the publication of what?
What did Luther produce in 1542?
What did Luther call "Mohammedanism"?
What did Luther see the Muslim faith as?
How did Luther want the Qur'an to be published?
What did Johannes Agricola claim that God's gospel, not God's moral law revealed?
Who preached a sermon in which he claimed that God's gospel, not God's moral law (the Ten Commandments) revealed God's wrath to Christians?
Who did the antinomian theses claim the law was not to be taught to?
How did Luther respond to the antinomians?
What was the name of Luther's book?
What did Luther call the law as the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart?
What is the second use of the law?
What is called the law?
What does refusing to preach the Ten Commandments do?
What does Luther claim the church consists of?
What does the Ten Commandments teach a Christian?
What does Luther believe to be a positive example of how a Christian should live?
What is it called when the Ten Commandments are considered an expression of God's eternal will?
What does Luther think Christ's life is nothing more than?
What does Luther believe to be a positive example of how a Christian should live?
What sacrament begins the renewed life of Christians?
What are the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism?
What do the Ten Commandments direct the Christian to in the common daily vocations of this perishing world?
Why did Philip I want to marry Margarethe von der Saale?
What did Philip I want to marry one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting?
Who did Philip I want to marry?
What did Martin Brecht say about Luther's mistakes?
What did the affair cause to Luther's reputation?
What did Luther's community do to the Jews?
Who did Luther rarely encounter during his life?
What did Luther view Jews as a rejected people guilty of?
What did the Jews reject?
What did Luther want to do to the Jews?
What was the name of Luther's treatise on the Jews?
In what year was Von den Juden and Ihren Lügen published?
How long before Luther's death did he publish his treatise on the Jews?
What did Luther believe the Jews were?
Luther's words "We are at fault in not slaying them" amounted to what?
Who did Luther speak out against in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia?
Who did Josel of Rosheim blame for the Jews' plight?
What did Martin Luther say that anyone who would help the Jews was?
What did Josel ask the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of?
When did riots lead to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism in Germany?
What did Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric provide an "ideal underpinning" for the Nazis?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What type of tract was On the Jews and their Lies?
When did seven Protestant regional church confederations issue a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge?
Who suggested preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory?
Who argued that Luther's writing was a "blueprint"?
Who wrote a compendium of Luther's writings?
What did Bishop Martin Sasse say the German people should heed?
What did the Nazis use of Luther's work as?
What caused Luther to become one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism?
What did Luther's anti-Semitism provide material for?
When were Luther's writings against the Jews largely ignored?
What did Roland Bainton say Luther's position was?
What lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism?
Who wrote that Luther was credited with establishing anti-Semitism as a key element of German culture and national identity?
What type of mentality did Paul Rose say Luther caused about Jews?
Who used Luther's hostile publications towards the Jews to justify at least in part the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists?
What did a large number of German Lutheran clergy and theologians use to justify at least in part the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists?
What was the cause of Luther's antisemitic views?
What did Luther's antisemitic views deteriorate?
What did Mark U. Edwards say Luther often used for effect?
What two groups did Luther condemn in his diatribes?
What is the name of the book written by Mark U. Edwards?
When did Lutheran Church denominations repudiate Martin Luther's statements against the Jews?
How do Lutherans compare to other minority groups?
Who wrote an article on who voted for the Nazis in elections held from 1928-1933?
What years did Geary write an article on who voted for the Nazis?
What happened to Luther from 1531 to 1546?
What scandal caused Luther's health to deteriorate?
What did Luther suffer from in 1536?
What caused Luther to rupture an ear drum?
What disease did Luther begin to feel the effects of in December 1544?
What made Luther short-tempered and harsher in his writings and comments?
What did Luther's poor health make him harsher in?
How did Luther feel about his writings and comments?
Who was overheard saying, "Dear husband, you are too rude?"
How many times did Luther preach in 1545 and 1546?
Where was Luther's last sermon delivered?
When was Luther's last sermon delivered?
Who did Luther want to expel from all German territory?
Where were the obdurate Jews expelled from?
What did Luther pray for the Jews?
Where was Luther's final journey to?
Luther visited Mansfeld twice in 1545 to participate in what?
When did Luther visit Mansfeld twice?
When was the third visit to Mansfeld?
Why did Luther travel to Mansfeld?
When were the negotiations concluded?
What did Luther experience after 8 a.m.?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
When did Luther wake up with more chest pain?
What deprived Luther of his speech?
When did Luther die?
When did Luther die?
Where was Luther buried?
Who held Luther's funeral?
What did Luther write on a piece of paper?
What language was Luther's last statement written in?
What was Luther's last statement in German?
What was the size of Luther's body in the 1530s and 1540s?
What type of saints were depicted in the 1530s and 1540s?
What was Luther's stature in the 1530s and 1540s?
Luther's large body contrasted with the ascetic life of what?
When were printed images of Luther crucial to the spread of Protestantism?
On what date is Luther honoured with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints?
In what calendar is Luther commemorated?
When is Luther commemorated in the Church of England's Calendar of Saints?
Where is Luther commemorated on 31 October?
What happens on 18 February?
What is the abbreviation for Southern California?
How many counties are in Southern California?
Southern California is a major what for the state of California and the United States?
What are the eight counties of SoCal based on?
What is the definition of Kern and San Luis Obispo counties based on?
What is one of the 11 megaregions of the United States?
How many megaregions are there in the United States?
What state does the Southern California Megaregion extend to?
What country borders Tijuana?
Where does the Southern California Megaregion extend across the Mexican border?
Along what coast is Southern California located?
How many metropolitan areas are in Southern California?
How many people live in the Los Angeles area?
Which metropolitan area has over 3 million people?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What river is at the border with Arizona?
What desert is east of the Colorado River?
What desert is at the border with Nevada?
What border is south of the Colorado Desert?
What state is San Diego located in?
What is the population of Los Angeles?
What is the most populous city in California?
What is the second most populous city in the state?
Where is San Diego located?
What is the most populous county in California?
In what country are Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, and Riverside in the top 15 most populous counties?
Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous what?
How many counties are in the top 15 most populous counties in the United States?
Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous what?
What is the name of the district within Los Angeles that is associated with the motion picture industry?
Where is the motion picture, television, and music industry centered?
Who owns ABC, Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers?
What industry is centered in southern California?
Who owns Universal, Warner Brothers, and MGM?
Southern California is home to a large home grown surf and what other sport?
Who is a professional skateboarder in Southern California?
Who is a professional snowboarder in Southern California?
Southern California is second to what island in terms of famous surf breaks?
What is another name for the Transpac Yacht Race?
What desert city is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces?
What do many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for?
Which coast of California is popular with locals and tourists?
Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby what?
What is the latitude of California's north-south midway point?
How many miles south of San Jose is California's north-south midway point?
How many southern-most counties are in California?
What is the northern boundary of southern California?
What part of California is the Tehachapi Mountains in?
What country ruled California during this time?
In what part of California was Los Angeles located?
Which Californios ruled in the upper part of Alta California?
What allowed California to be admitted to the Union as a free state?
What type of state was California admitted to the Union as in 1850?
What were the Californios dissatisfied with?
What was the name of the counties in southern California in the 1850s?
How many times in the 1850s did California attempt to separate from Northern California?
What percentage of voters approved the Pico Act of 1859?
Who was a strong advocate of the Pico Act?
Who defined southern California in 1900?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times define southern California as including the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times add a new county to the list of southern California counties?
What new county did the Times add in 1999?
How many counties did the Los Angeles Times define southern California in 1900?
What is the most commonly divided and promoted by the state?
What is the name of the AAA Auto Club in California?
What is the point of view of the AAA Auto Clubs?
What geographic phrase would split the southern region off at the crest of the transverse range?
Which region of California would the two AAA Auto Clubs split off at the crest of the transverse range?
Where does Southern California rank in terms of populated megalopolis in the U.S.?
What has been left undeveloped in Southern California?
What type of communities are in southern California?
Southern California is famous for its use of automobiles and what?
What type of region is San Diego-Tijuana?
What is the main gap to continued urbanization?
Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with what area?
Who considers the Riverside-San Bernardino area as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County?
What county is San Bernardino a part of?
In what decade were most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties developed?
What type of climate does Southern California have?
What type of weather does Southern California have?
What is the average temperature range in Southern California in the summer?
How rare is snow in the Southwest of California?
What is the average winter temperature in Southern California?
What type of islands are in Southern California?
What kind of collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystems are in Southern California?
What type of landscapes are found in Southern California?
The Transverse and what other ranges are located in Southern California?
What is the interior of Southern California?
How many earthquakes occur each year in southern California?
Nearly all of the earthquakes in southern California are so small that they are not felt.
What was the magnitude of the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
What did the 1994 Northridge earthquake cause the most?
How much property damage was caused by the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
Which fault can produce a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?
What is the magnitude of the San Andreas Fault?
What is the name of the Fault that is located in the San Jacinto Fault?
Who has released a California Earthquake forecast?
What does the California Earthquake forecast model?
What type of activity is the hub of economic activity for a region?
What type of recognition does a city in Southern California have?
What type of activity does a city in Southern California have?
In what year was the population of southern California estimated to be 22,680,010?
What is southern California known for?
What was the state average growth rate in the 2000s?
What type of economy is in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the emerging region of California?
What is the name of the eight Statistical Areas in Southern California?
How many extended metropolitan areas are in Southern California?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
El Centro and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos form what region?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What is the largest city in all of California?
How many people live in San Diego?
How many cities are in southern California?
How many people live in 34 cities in southern California?
Along with San Bernardino and San Bernardino, what is the other southern California city that is close to the coast?
Southern California's economy is heavily dependent on what?
What is Southern California famous for?
What was Southern California a leader in in 2001-2007?
What is Southern California's economy?
How has the housing crash affected Southern California?
Since what decade have motion pictures, petroleum, and aircraft manufacturing been major industries?
What type of agricultural region in the U.S. is citrus?
What is one of the major agricultural industries in the U.S.?
What is one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S.?
What industry continues to be a major factor in military spending?
What type of districts are in Southern California?
Downtown Los Angeles, San Diego, Bakersfield and South Coast Metro are examples of what type of business district?
What is the name of the major business district in Southern California?
What type of district is Downtown Burbank?
What area has the major business districts of Burbank, Santa Monica, Glendale and Long Beach?
Where is Warner Center located?
What area has many business districts?
What type of districts does the San Bernardino-Riverside area maintain?
What area of San Bernardino has the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre and University Town?
What is the name of the business district in Downtown San Bernardino?
What county is a rapidly developing business center?
Where are international corporations headquartered?
What is the name of the Irvine Tech Center?
What is the name of the metro system in Orange County?
How fast is Orange County developing?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
Where are most of the business districts located?
Where are most of the business districts in San Diego located?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
What is the second busiest airport in the United States?
What is the second busiest airport in the United States?
Where does Los Angeles International Airport rank in international passenger volume?
What is the busiest single runway airport in the world?
What is the world's busiest general aviation airport?
What is the name of the commuter rail system that runs out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many of the seven lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
Along with San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego, what county does Metrolink connect to?
What is the busiest commercial port in the United States?
What is the busiest port in Southern California?
What part of California is home to the Port of Los Angeles?
What moniker has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base?
What type of university is the Tech Coast known for?
The California Institute of Technology, Chapman University, and Claremont Colleges are examples of what type of institution?
How many University of California campuses are in the Tech Coast?
How many California State University campuses are there?
What is the name of the professional sports team in Southern California?
The Los Angeles Lakers are a professional sports team in what league?
What is the name of the professional sports team in Southern California?
What is the name of the NHL team in Anaheim?
What is the name of the MLS team?
Which team was suspended after the 2014 MLS season?
How many Major League Soccer teams were in Los Angeles from 2005 to 2014?
What year was the Chivas suspended?
Where did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA play?
In what year is the second MLS team scheduled to return?
What type of sports are popular in southern California?
Which school has a longtime rivalry with the USC Trojans?
What is the name of the USC field team in the Pac-12 Conference?
What conference does the USC Trojans belong to?
What division do the UCLA Bruins and USC Trojans belong to?
What is a growing sport in southern California?
At what level is rugby a growing sport in southern California?
What do many schools in southern California add rugby to their curriculum?
What was the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
What was the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
When did BSkyB acquire Sky Italia?
What did British Sky Broadcasting Group change its name to?
What was the new name of BSkyB?
In what year was Setanta Sports awarded two of the six Premier League packages?
How many of the six Premier League packages did Setanta Sports receive in 2006?
Which company was awarded two of the six Premier League packages that the English FA offered to broadcasters?
How much did Sky pay for the remaining four Premier League packages?
What consortium was BSkyB excluded from being a part of?
What was the name of ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement?
How many BSkyB channels were available on Freeview before 2005?
What was the name of the new BSkyB channel that replaced Sky Travel?
What was Sky Three re-branded as in 2011?
What did BSkyB initially charge additional fees for using with their service?
When did Sky launch a new TV advertising campaign targeting women?
What is the current fee for Sky+ subscribers?
When did BSkyB discontinue the Sky+ Box?
What did BSkyB begin to issue as standard in 2010?
What is the name of the pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS?
Who owns the VideoGuard system?
What company is NDS a part of?
Who has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their service?
What is the name of BSkyB's Personal video recorder?
What did Virgin Media remove from the network on March 1, 2007?
In what year did BSkyB and Virgin Media become involved in a dispute over the carriage of Sky channels on cable TV?
What did Virgin Media claim about BSkyB?
What type of content was not previously carried by cable?
What type of channels did BSkyB include in their new deal?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
In what year did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
What did Microsoft announce on January 27, 2014?
What does SkyDrive Pro become?
What type of service will SkyDrive be renamed?
Who was the first chief executive officer of BSkyB?
What company broadcast the new channels on their satellites?
When did BSkyB close its analogue service?
What platform expanded BSkyB's analogue service?
How many households did BSkyB reach by mid-1994?
What was the original name of Sky UK Limited?
What type of company is Sky UK Limited?
How many customers does Sky have?
What company overtook Sky in 2007?
What is the name of the broadband router in the Sky Q range?
What is capable of receiving and displaying UHD broadcasts?
What can all set top boxes in a household do?
When will the Sky Q Silver set top box be available?
When will the Sky Q Silver set top box be available?
What are BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts in?
What type of soundtracks are available on Sky Movies and Sky Box Office?
Sky+ HD material is broadcast using what standard?
What is the name of Sky's proprietary system for interactive services and 7-day EPG?
What standard does most HD material use?
When was Sky Digital launched?
What satellite was used to launch Sky Digital?
What was the name of the Eutelsat 33C satellite at 28.5°E?
How many television and radio channels could Sky Digital carry?
At what orbital position was the Astra 2A satellite located?
When did BSkyB launch its HDTV service?
How many people had registered to receive the HDTV service prior to the launch of Sky+ HD?
Who was the manufacturer of the set top box for Sky+ HD?
How many customers had yet to receive the Sky+ HD service due to failed deliveries?
What was the total number of homes with Sky+ HD?
When did BSkyB announce its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels?
When did Setanta Sports launch as a subscription service?
What platform did Setanta Sports launch as a subscription service on?
What was NTL's new name?
What is one sport that BSkyB plans to replace its free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with?
What is the term for a monthly subscription that does not require a monthly subscription?
What do some encrypted broadcasts require?
What is the name of the receiver used to view encrypted content?
What band of LNB is provided at the end of the dish?
What service is the VideoGuard UK dedicated to?
In what year were talks held for the broadcast rights for the Premier League?
Who was the current rights holder in 1991?
What was ITV's offer per year in 1991?
Who did BSkyB join forces with to make a counter bid for the Premier League rights?
How much did BSkyB pay for the Premier League rights?
Who enforces open access to BSkyB's EPG?
How much is the fee for access to BSkyB's EPG?
How many vetoes does BSkyB have over the presence of channels on their EPG?
Does BSkyB carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues?
Does BSkyB carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues?
When was BSkyB's digital service officially launched?
What was the name of BSkyB's digital service?
What was the new name of BSkyB's interactive service?
What was the later name of ITV Digital?
How many digiboxes were sold within 30 days?
When was Virgin Media re-branded?
What company started to offer a high-definition television capable set top box?
What was the name of Virgin Media's service that carried a modest selection of HD content?
Virgin Media only carried one linear HD channel from 2006 to 2009, what was it?
What HD channel did Virgin Media have an option to carry in the future?
How many homes did BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service become available in in 2010?
What was the target audience for BSkyB's direct-to-home service in the UK?
When was the target for BSkyB's direct-to-home service first announced?
What percentage of households in the UK did BSkyB say it reached its target?
What happened to the subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe?
What did Alec Shelbrooke propose to pay benefits and tax credits on?
What could a "Welfare Cash Card" be used to buy?
What was the claim that a subscription to BSkyB was?
What was the government's benefits agency checking to determine if a single mother was wrongly claiming to be living alone?
What did the Daily Mail claim a subscription to sports channels would betray?
What is the annual carriage fee for BSkyB?
How much indication is there of whether the new deal includes additional Video On Demand and High Definition content?
Who did BSkyB terminate High Court proceedings against?
Who previously offered Video On Demand and High Definition content?
BSkyB and Virgin Media agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of what?
What is the economy of Victoria?
Where is Victoria's total gross state product ranked in Australia?
Where is Victoria ranked in terms of GSP per capita?
What city is home to a number of museums, art galleries, and theatres?
What is the largest stadium in Australia?
Where did the Chinese miners work in Victoria?
Where were the Lambing Flat riots?
Where was a typhoid outbreak in 1854?
How many miners were killed in the typhoid outbreak at Buckland Valley in 1854?
What were the conditions on the gold fields at Buckland Valley?
What type of representation system did the Victorian Legislative Council have in 2006?
How many electorates were the State of Victoria divided into?
How many representatives are in each electorate?
How long is the term of the lower house members?
How often are elections for the Victorian Parliament held?
What is Victoria's main political party?
What party is strongest in Melbourne's more affluent eastern and outer suburbs?
What party is strongest in Victoria's North Western and Eastern rural areas?
Who won their first lower house seats in 2014?
Which party is strongest in the working class western and northern suburbs?
What percentage of Victorians describe themselves as Christian?
What percentage of Victorians are Roman Catholic?
What is the largest non-Christian religion in Victoria?
How many members are in Buddhism in Victoria?
What percentage of Victorians claim no religion?
Where is Victoria located in Australia?
How does Victoria compare to other Australian states?
Where does Victoria rank in terms of population in Australia?
What is Victoria's largest city?
Where does Melbourne rank in terms of population in Australia?
What are the Aboriginal peoples collectively known as?
When did Great Britain claim the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian?
Which colony was Victoria included in in 1836?
Where was the first settlement in the area?
When was the first settlement in the area?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of Victorian farmland is sown for wheat?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of Australian pears are produced by Victorian farms?
How many tonnes of tomatoes were produced in Victorian farms last year?
When was Victoria's written constitution enacted?
What is the Victoria Constitution Act based on?
Who can amend the Victoria Constitution?
What type of provisions require an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum?
What act establishes the Parliament as the state's law-making body for matters coming under state responsibility?
What are the Mallee and upper Wimmera?
What is the average temperature in Victoria during the summer?
What is the average winter temperature in Victoria?
What was Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II?
What year was Victoria's highest temperature since World War II?
What are public schools also known as?
Who runs public schools in Victoria?
What is levied at public schools?
Who runs the parish schools in Victoria?
What standards must all schools comply with?
What are Ford, Toyota, and Holden?
What year did Toyota announce it would close its plants in Victoria?
When did Holden announce its closure?
When will Ford's plants in Broadmeadows and Geelong close?
What major car manufacturer is based in Victoria?
How tall are the Victorian alpine areas?
What is the highest peak in Victoria?
How tall is Mount Bogong?
What type of system does Victoria have?
What is the state bird of Victoria?
What is the coldest part of Victoria?
What mountain system extends east-west through the centre of Victoria?
What direction does the Great Dividing Range mountain system extend?
What is the average temperature in the highest parts of the Alps?
What was Victoria's lowest minimum temperature?
What type of lines do private and public railway operators operate over?
Who runs an extensive, electrified passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs?
Who owns V/Line?
What does CFCL Australia operate?
What type of system does Metro Trains Melbourne operate?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian House of Representatives?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian Senate?
What is the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria?
What is the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria?
Who is the Governor of Victoria?
When were writs issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council?
In what year was gold discovered near Ballarat?
What did the discovery of gold in Victoria cause?
How much did the population of Victoria increase in ten years?
How much gold did Victoria produce in the decade 1851-1860?
How many public schools did Victoria have as of August 2010?
How many Catholic schools were in Victoria as of August 2010?
How many students were enrolled in public schools in Victoria in August 2010?
How many full-time teachers are in Victoria?
What percentage of private students attend Catholic schools?
What state is home to 60% of Australia's dairy cattle?
How many dairy cattle are in Victoria?
What percentage of Australia's dairy cattle are in Victoria?
How much of Australia's milk is produced in Victoria?
Where is most abalone and rock lobster exported to?
What gauge do Victorian lines use?
What gauge are the interstate trunk routes and a number of branch lines in the west of the state converted to?
What is the gauge of the Victorian railways?
Where were the five formerly government-owned lines built?
How many formerly government-owned lines were built in mountainous areas?
When was the colony of New South Wales founded?
What was the name of the colony founded in 1788?
What was the western half of Australia called?
Where was the colonial government located?
In what year did the Eureka Stockade occur?
Who crushed the Eureka Stockade?
What were the miners protesting against in Ballarat called?
What did the colonial authorities reduce in response to the Eureka Stockade?
What act was passed in 1855?
How many seats does the Premier of Victoria have in the Legislative Assembly?
Who sets the legislative and political agenda?
What does the cabinet consist of?
Who is the current Premier of Victoria?
What type of representatives are in the cabinet?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production in 2004?
How much did the gross value of Victorian agricultural production increase in 2003-2004?
How many farms occupied 136,000 square kilometres of Victorian land in 2004?
How much land did Victorian farms occupy as of 2004?
How much of the state's total land surface is occupied by farms?
What does major events play a big part in in Victoria?
What type of tourism is a major part of Victoria's tourism?
Where are most of Victoria's major events held?
Where do the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix occur?
What is the name of the local festival in Bells Beach?
Where were the Huguenots concentrated?
How many French Catholics were in France in 1562?
When were the Wars of Religion fought?
What gave the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
What was the term Huguenot originally used for?
Where was John Calvin's adopted home?
What Swiss politician died in 1532?
What was the name Huguenot first applied to?
When was the Amboise plot?
What was important to the spread of the Protestant movement?
When was a French version of the Scriptures prepared?
Who prepared a French version of the Scriptures in 1294?
In what year was the illustrated folio paraphrase version of Guyard de Moulin printed?
Where was the illustrated folio paraphrase of Guyard de Moulin printed?
What did the Edict of 1598 grant to the Huguenots?
Which city was among the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté" that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots?
What was the name of the treaty that abolished Protestant rule in Montpellier?
When did the royal army siege Montpellier?
When was the Edict of Alès?
Where did the Huguenots settle?
Where did Maria de la Queillerie settle?
Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
What company did the first group of Huguenots arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
When did a large portion of the Huguenots arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
When did the Huguenots sail to America?
Who led the Huguenots?
What was the name of the French church in New Amsterdam?
What is the parish of L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam called today?
In what city did the Huguenots first live?
Where did the Huguenots immigrate to after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
Who purchased the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations?
Where was Elie Prioleau from?
When did the Huguenots petition the British Crown for the right to own land in the Baronies?
Where did many Huguenots settle in the early years?
Who was the strongest opponent of Louis XIV?
What position did William III of Orange hold?
What was the name of William III's coalition?
What country did the French attack in 1672?
When did the French attack the Dutch Republic?
What decree abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France?
When was the Edict of Fontainebleau issued?
Who issued the Edict of Fontainebleau?
How many Huguenots fled France by the early 18th century?
Who opposed the Huguenots?
What was the height of the persecution of the Huguenots?
How many people were killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
What did the Huguenots have to retaliate against the French Catholics?
Why was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
When were the Huguenot rebellions?
Where did the Huguenot rebellions take place?
Who was the Huguenot before converting to Catholicism?
Who was Henry IV's successor?
What were the civil wars called?
How many Protestants live in modern France?
What percentage of France's population is Protestant?
Where are most Protestants located in France?
What is the name of the mountain region in the south of France?
What country is the Huguenot Society of?
What was the name of the town north of New York that the Huguenots named?
Where is the oldest street in the United States?
What is the oldest street in the United States of America?
What does the Huguenot Street Historic District contain?
Where did the Huguenots settle on the south shore of New York Harbor?
Who received the largest group of Huguenot refugees after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
How many Huguenot refugees did the Dutch Republic receive after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
What was the population of the Dutch Republic at the time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
Where were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants?
After what event did the Dutch Republic receive the largest group of Huguenot refugees?
Where did the pretendus réformés habitually gather at night?
What was the gate of King Hugo?
Who was believed to have haunted Huguon?
What was the name of the group that habitually gathered at night in Tours?
At what time did the pretendus réformés habitually gather in Tours?
Where did the Walloons and Huguenots settle?
What house was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830?
What was the condition of refugees' initial acceptance in the City?
Where did the Walloons and Huguenots settle?
What has the house been adapted for?
Where is French Church Street located?
Where did the Huguenots serve as mayor in the 17th and 18th centuries?
Where was D'Olier Street named after a High Sheriff?
Who was D'Olier Street named after?
When was the French church in Portarlington built?
What did the exodus of Huguenots from France create?
Where did the British defeat in 1759-60?
Who did the French crown refuse to allow to settle in New France?
The French and Indian War was the North American front of what war?
When did the British defeat New France?
Who issued the Edict of Nantes?
When was the war quelled?
What did the Edict of Nantes do for Protestants?
What did the Edict of Nantes discouraging?
What religion did Henry of Navarre recanted in favor of Roman Catholicism?
What did the revocation of the Huguenots require?
What did the revocation do to the Huguenots?
How many Huguenots emigrated to the North American colonies?
What were the Huguenots who stayed in France called?
Where did many of the Protestants flee to after the revocation?
Where did the first Huguenots seek freedom from persecution?
When did the French colonisers arrive in Brazil?
What was the name of the colony that the Huguenots found in Brazil?
In what year was Fort Coligny destroyed?
What was the first Protestant confession of faith in the Americas?
What language do most South Africans speak?
What industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots?
Where are many of the farms in South Africa that still bear French names?
What do many families today mostly Afrikaans-speaking have indicating their French Huguenot ancestry?
Who was descended from Huguenot refugees?
Who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina?
Where is the last active Huguenot congregation in North America?
What is the name of the church that the Huguenot Society of America maintains in Virginia?
Where is the largest Huguenot Society chapter?
What industry did the Huguenots settle in Bedfordshire?
What is the name of the style of lace that demonstrates Huguenot influence?
What is the only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period?
When did Mechlin lace develop?
What were the names of the two new neighbourhoods created by the Huguenots?
How much of Berlin's population was French speaking by 1700?
Why did the Berlin Huguenots switch to German?
When did the Berlin Huguenots switch to German?
Which congregations were founded by the Huguenots?
Where did the Huguenots flee to?
What region of France did the Huguenots remain in large numbers after the exodus?
What group rioted against the Catholic Church in the Cévennes region?
Who did the Camisards riot against?
Between what years did French troops hunt down and destroy the Camisards?
In what city is Fort Caroline located?
Who was the leader of the Norman Huguenots?
What was the name of the colony established by the Norman Huguenots?
The French naval attack on St. Augustine failed when their ships were hit by a hurricane on their way to what encampment at Fort Matanzas?
In what year did the French naval attack on the Spanish colony at St. Augustine fail?
What was the name of the outpost on Parris Island?
Where was the outpost of Charlesfort located?
Who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline?
In what year did Jean Ribault lead an expedition to Florida?
What prevented a return voyage to the outpost of Charlesfort?
Where did the French Huguenots migrate to?
Where did the English Crown promise the French Huguenots land grants?
What was the name of the abandoned Monacan village?
How many of the original Huguenots lived in Manakintown?
When did the Virginia General Assembly pass an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown?
When was the Dutch Revolt?
What country did the Huguenots fight against in the Low Countries?
What did William the Silent write that condemned the Spanish Inquisition?
Who was the leader of the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule?
What religion was William the Silent?
What act allowed 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots to flee to England?
When was the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act passed?
How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England before and after the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act?
Who led the exiled community in London?
André Lortie was known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and what during Mass?
What war did the Huguenot regiments fight for in Ireland?
Who did the Huguenot regiments fight for?
Where were significant Huguenot settlements?
What did Killeshandra contribute to the expansion of?
What industry did Killeshandra contribute to the growth of?
Who arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community?
Who did Prince Louis de Condé arrange to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland?
What type of work did the Condés establish?
When did some members of the Huguenot community emigrate to the United States?
In what year was the Huguenot community established?
Where did the Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
What religion did the majority of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
Where were the Huguenot émigrés allowed to worship freely?
Where did the Huguenot émigrés spread to in South Africa?
What happened to the Huguenot émigrés in Quebec?
Who was king of France before the Reformation?
What argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet?
Who is a supporter of the hypothesis that the name Huguenote would be roughly equivalent to little Hugos?
What would the name Huguenote be roughly equivalent to?
What do some disagree with?
Who was a professor at the University of Paris during the Protestant Reformation?
Where was Lefevre a professor?
When did Lefevre publish the whole Bible in the French language?
Who was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation?
Which student at the University of Paris converted to Protestantism?
When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Who killed thousands of Huguenots in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
How many Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse?
When was an amnesty granted to the perpetrators of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
How many Protestants were slaughtered in Paris by 17 September?
Who gained the throne in 1643?
What did Louis XIV do to the Huguenots?
What did Louis XIV do to force the Huguenots to convert to Catholicism?
What did Louis XIV do to the Huguenots?
What did Louis XIV institute to force the Huguenots to convert?
New Rochelle is located in what county?
What is the name of the peninsula of Davenports Neck?
Who did the Huguenots purchase a tract of land from?
What was New Rochelle named after?
What was the name of the third church built for the Huguenots?
What did most of the Huguenot congregations in North America eventually do?
What led to the Huguenots assimilation?
Who established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills?
When did the descendants of the Huguenots continue to use French first names and surnames for their children?
What did E.I. du Pont establish?
Who was one of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands?
Where did Pierre Bayle begin teaching?
What was the name of Pierre Bayle's multi-volume work?
Pierre Bayle's Historical and Critical Dictionary became one of the 100 foundational texts of what library?
What is the patron of the Huguenots?
What was established by the Royal Charter in 1550?
When was the French Protestant Church of London established?
Where is the French Protestant Church of London located?
Where did the Huguenot refugees flee to?
When was the Old Truman Brewery founded?
What states did the Huguenots find a safe haven in around 1685?
Where did the Huguenots find a safe haven?
What was the name of the treaty granted to the Huguenots in Brandenburg-Prussia?
Who was Frederick William?
How did the Huguenots help his army?
Who invited Huguenots to settle in his realms?
Who was a notable Huguenot poet?
Who was the Luftwaffe General and fighter ace?
Who was the last Prime Minister of the (East) German Democratic Republic?
What position did Thomas de Maizière hold?
What non-combustion heat source can be used in a steam engine?
What is the ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze non-combustion heat sources?
In the Rankine cycle, water is heated and transforms into what?
The Rankine cycle operates at what pressure?
What type of engines are steam engines?
What was the first commercially successful true engine?
Who invented the atmospheric engine?
When was the atmospheric engine invented?
What was the first commercially successful true engine compared to?
Who proposed the use of a piston in the atmospheric engine?
Where was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
When did the world's first railway journey take place?
Where did the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive travel to?
In what country was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
Where was Abercynon located?
What does the Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have to recycle or top up the boiler water?
What type of pumps are commonly used in utility and industrial boilers?
When did injectors become popular?
Injectors are no longer widely used in applications such as what?
What does an injector supply?
How many expansion stages are in a quadruple expansion engine?
What is another name for a multiple expansion engine?
In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used?
What type of engine was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used on?
What class of passenger liners used a 4-cylinder triple expansion engine?
What company had separate admission and exhaust valves driven by trip mechanisms or cams?
Along with Stephenson, Walschaerts, and Walschaerts, what was the name of the person who used Stephenson, Walschaerts, and Walschaerts motions?
What is the usual compromise solution to the problem of a separate, variable cutoff expansion valve riding on the back of the main slide valve?
What may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox?
What happens to lead fusible plugs if the water level drops?
What happens if the water level drops?
What can the operators do if the water level drops?
What does the steam escape have little effect on?
Who patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion?
What type of motion did the steam engine produce?
How many horsepower were in James Watt's steam engine?
By what year had engines that could provide 10,000 hp become feasible?
What was the stationary steam engine a key component of?
The history of the steam engine stretches back as far as what century?
Who described the first rudimentary steam engine?
What was Hero of Alexandria's nationality?
Who described a rudimentary steam turbine device in 1629?
In what year did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont receive patents for fifty steam powered inventions?
What type of engine came into widespread use at the end of the 19th century?
What were compound engines called when they used larger cylinders to accommodate higher volumes at reduced pressures?
Where was efficiency important to reduce the weight of coal carried?
What replaced reciprocating steam engines in the 20th century?
What was carried in shipping in double and triple expansion engines?
What was the final major evolution of the steam engine design?
When did the use of steam turbines begin?
What is the maximum output of a reciprocating piston steam engine?
What percentage of electric power is produced by steam turbines in the United States?
Steam turbines replaced reciprocating engines in what type of generating stations?
What is the most commonly used heat source for boiling water and supplying the steam?
What is a closed space called?
What type of energy can be used to heat a steam engine?
What type of heating element can be used in a model or toy steam engine?
What is the most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines?
When were early versions of the steam engine indicator in use?
Who was the inventor and manufacturer of the steam engine indicator?
Who developed the steam engine indicator?
Where was the steam engine indicator exhibited in 1862?
The first type of Vauclain compound arrangement had the individual pistons in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank, again set at what?
When a double expansion group is duplicated, the individual pistons within the group are usually balanced at what temperature?
The first type of Vauclain compound arrangement had the individual pistons in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank, again set at what?
What is the name for the direction of flow at each stroke in a reciprocating piston engine?
How many piston strokes does the complete engine cycle have?
How many rotations does the complete engine cycle take?
How many events make up the complete engine cycle?
What is one of the four events in the engine cycle?
What is a uniflow rotary steam engine called?
What is the name of the cycle in which the port and the cylinder walls are cooled by the passing exhaust steam?
What is uncovered by the piston at the end of each stroke?
What type of steam engine does not require valves to direct steam into and out of the cylinder?
What is the name for the pivot mounting in an oscillating cylinder steam engine?
What are oscillating cylinder steam engines mainly used in?
Where are oscillating cylinder steam engines mainly used?
What happens to the working fluid in a closed loop system?
What is another name for a closed loop system?
What is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine?
What is the fluid of choice for a Rankine cycle?
The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by what?
What is the creep limit of stainless steel?
What is the creep limit of a steam turbine?
What is the theoretical Carnot efficiency?
What is the condenser temperature in steam turbines?
What was the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution?
What type of vehicle was powered by a steam engine?
What was the name of the automobile that was powered by steam?
Where were steam engines used to drive machinery?
What did the use of steam engines in agriculture lead to?
What was the name of Trevithick's locomotive?
Who built the twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca?
What type of locomotive was the Salamanca?
Which railway used the twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca?
What railway was the Locomotion built for?
Who invented the Woolf high-pressure compound engine?
What nationality was Arthur Woolf?
What can be reduced by staging the expansion in multiple cylinders?
What is required to derive equal work from lower-pressure steam?
What percentage of the world's electricity production was by steam turbines in 19th century?
What type of engines have almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications?
What has almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications?
What is the main use for electricity generation?
What has the widespread application of large gas turbine units and typical combined cycle power plants resulted in?
What is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine?
How is waste heat removed from the Rankine cycle?
In what decade did the Rankine cycle generate 90% of all electric power used throughout the world?
What type of energy is produced by the Rankine cycle?
What nationality was William John Macquorn Rankine?
What is the number of foot-pounds of work delivered by burning one bushel of coal called?
What was the average duty of Watt's low-pressure designs?
What was the best example of a Newcomen engine's duty?
How many pounds of coal is burned in one bushel?
Who first introduced the concept of duty?
Along with reciprocating steam engines and internal combustion engines, what type of engine became the dominant source of power in the 20th century?
What type of steam engine remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century?
What type of steam engine produces most of the world's electric generation?
What type of engine replaced reciprocating (piston) steam engines?
Who developed the first commercial steam-powered device?
What was the first commercial steam-powered device?
When was the first commercial steam-powered device developed?
Who introduced an ingenious improvement of Savery's construction?
Who described the ingenious improvement of Savery's construction in the Philosophical Transactions published in 1751?
Who invented engines using high-pressure steam?
Along with Richard Trevithick, who introduced engines using high-pressure steam?
When did Trevithick obtain his high-pressure engine patent?
What type of applications could high pressure steam engines be used for?
What was the main benefit of using high-pressure steam engines?
What company in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam?
Where is Energiprojekt AB located?
How many cylinders does Energiprojekt AB's steam engine have?
How many lb of steam does Energiprojekt AB's steam engine consume per kWh?
What percentage of efficiency does Energiprojekt's steam engine reach on high-pressure engines?
What do steam turbines in power stations use as a cold sink?
What is a dry type cooling tower similar to?
Where is a dry type cooling tower used?
What is another term for evaporative cooling?
How many cubic metres of make-up water does a 700 megawatt coal-fired power plant use every hour for evaporative cooling?
What was adopted by James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788?
Who was James Watt's partner?
Where was the centrifugal governor found?
What is an example of an operation that was not suitable for a centrifugal governor?
What could the centrifugal governor not do?
In what year did compounding become universal for marine engines?
What type of locomotive was compounding not universally popular?
What was compounding perceived as in railway locomotives?
When was compounding first used in Britain?
What type of engine did compounding become common for after 1880?
What is another name for the admission event?
What is another term for excessive compression?
If the exhaust event is too short, the totality of the exhaust steam cannot do what?
The simplest valve gears give events of what length during the engine cycle?
Who obtained the first patent for a steam engine?
What nationality was Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtain the first patent for a steam engine?
In what year did Thomas Savery patent a steam pump?
When was Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine used?
What are rotors?
What is mounted on the rotors of a steam turbine?
What are stators?
Where are the stators located in a steam turbine?
What is the typical speed of a steam turbine?
The weight of boilers and condensers generally makes the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant what?
In mobile applications, steam has been largely superseded by internal combustion engines or what?
What type of plant generates most electric power?
What is the movement called that focuses on steam as a prime mover?
What has incited a renewed interest in steam as a component of cogeneration processes and as a prime mover?
What is an example of a pistonless rotary engine?
What does the Wankel engine replace in place of a conventional reciprocating steam engine?
What is a major problem with sealing the rotors in a reciprocating steam engine?
When did James Watt die?
What did James Watt's engine have that Newcomen's did not?
How much more coal did Boulton and Watt's early engines use than John Smeaton's?
Whose engine did James Watt develop an improved version of?
What did air pressure push into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam?
How many independent mechanisms do steam engines often have?
What did safety valves typically restrain in the top of a boiler?
What type of safety valve is more recent?
What must be broken in order to tamper with an adjustable spring-loaded valve?
What did a driver fasten the valve down to allow from the engine?
What was the name of the horizontal engine?
When was the Corliss steam engine patented?
How much less steam did the Corliss steam engine use?
How many valves were in the Corliss steam engine?
What award was given to Corliss?
What theory did the steam engine help develop?
Who discovered latent heat?
What did Watt's measurements on a model steam engine lead to?
Who was the original discoverer of latent heat?
What did Watt discover?
What is one of the main advantages of the Rankine cycle?
What phase is the working fluid in during the compression stage of the Rankine cycle?
How much of the turbine power is consumed by the pump by condensing the fluid?
What is the entry temperature of gas turbines?
What type of pump is used to supply water to the boiler during operation?
What do condensers do?
What raises the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point?
What is another name for a supply bin?
What is a chain or screw mechanism used to move coal from a supply bin to the firebox?
What was usually readily available in land-based steam engines?
Who invented the steam turbine?
What was the first major warship to replace the reciprocating engine with a steam turbine?
What type of warships were powered by steam turbines?
When was the HMS Dreadnought built?
What do most nuclear power plants use to generate electricity?
What does steam drive in a nuclear power plant?
What is a turbine connected to?
What type of transmission does steam drive a turbo generator set with propulsion provided by electric motors?
In what country were some non-condensing direct-drive locomotives successful?
What is the Rankine cycle sometimes referred to as?
Where is rejection in the Rankine cycle?
What does isobaric mean?
What is the term for constant temperature processes in the theoretical Carnot cycle?
What form is the working fluid received from the condenser in the Carnot cycle?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What is the second most abundant element in the universe?
At standard temperature and pressure, how many atoms of oxygen bind to form dioxygen?
How much of the Earth's mass is made up of oxygen?
What is 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere?
How much of the Earth's atmosphere is made up of dioxygen?
What is the third most abundant element in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What is the effect of fossil fuel burning on oxygen?
What is the third most abundant element in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
Oxygen is a member of what group on the periodic table?
Oxygen is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds with most elements, what are they?
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of oxygen bind to form what?
What releases oxygen from water?
What does photosynthesis use to produce oxygen from water?
What protects the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
What does most of the mass of living organisms contain?
What is oxygen a part of?
What releases oxygen from water?
What is oxygen a part of?
What form of oxygen absorbs UVB radiation?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
Which English chemist showed that fire requires only a part of air?
What is another name for spiritus?
When did John Mayow die?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
What is another name for spiritus?
In what century did Boyle prove that air is necessary for combustion?
What is nitroaereus used for?
Which English chemist showed that fire requires only a part of air?
Who conducted the experiment that led to the discovery of dephlogisticated air?
What was Joseph Priestley's profession?
What is another name for mercuric oxide?
What did Joseph Priestley focus sunlight on?
What did Joseph Priestley focus sunlight on?
What did Joseph Priestley call the gas that was liberated from sunlight?
When did Joseph Priestley publish his findings?
Why was Joseph Priestley given priority in the discovery of dephlogisticated air?
What was a mouse more than a candle in the experiment?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
When was Philo of Byzantium born?
How did Philo discover that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
What element did Philo mistakenly believe parts of the air in the vessel were converted into?
In what work did Philo observe that inverting a vessel over a burning candle and surrounding the vessel's neck with water resulted in some water rising into the neck?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration?
Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of what is consumed during combustion and respiration?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
What do highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote?
Oxygen is the source of most of what released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
The Apollo 1 capsule was pressurized with what type of oxygen?
What substance is used as a fuel for the Apollo 1 mission?
What is the normal pressure used in a mission?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require?
What will concentrate O 2 allow to proceed rapidly and energetically?
What is used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require?
Who was killed in a fire on the Apollo 1 mission?
What is the Earth's crust made of?
Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in trace quantities in the form of what?
What part of the Earth is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in trace quantities in the form of what?
What is composed of oxides of silicon?
What is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What part of the Earth is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What is the rest of the Earth's crust made of?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were what?
What type of atomic ratios would the atoms in compounds normally have?
What did Dalton assume water's formula was?
What is the atomic mass of oxygen 8 times that of?
What is the name of Avogadro's law?
What was thought to be the main component of highly combustible materials that leave little residue?
What type of materials that corrode were thought to have very little phlogiston?
What did not play a role in phlogiston theory?
What metals also gain weight in rusting when they are supposedly losing phlogiston?
What did most common objects appear to do when burned?
What is the term for the bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms?
How many oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other?
What is another name for low-to-high energy?
How are the two oxygen atoms bonded to each other?
What is filled from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms?
When was oxygen discovered?
In what year did Joseph Priestley discover oxygen?
Why is Priestley often given priority?
Who coined the name oxygen?
What theory did Antoine Lavoisier discredit?
What is an electron configuration with two unpaired electrons called?
What is the ground state of the O 2 molecule called?
What type of electrons are found in dioxygen?
What type of combustion does triplet oxygen prevent?
What is the term for partially filled orbitals?
What did Lavoisier believe was a mixture of two gases?
What did Lavoisier see no increase in when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
What did Lavoisier see no increase in when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
When was Lavoisier's book published?
What did Lavoisier's book say did not support 'vital air' and 'lifeless'?
What is Trioxygen usually known as?
What type of oxygen is ozone?
What is ozone damaging to?
What does the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere function as?
What is the term for ultraviolet radiation?
What is the common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth?
What has a bond length of 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJmol1?
What kind of part of the Earth's atmosphere is dioxygen?
Why is O2 used by complex forms of life?
What is O2 used for?
Who was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was James Dewar able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was the first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen developed?
What type of welding was demonstrated for the first time by burning a mixture of acetylene and compressed O 2?
What is more soluble in water than nitrogen?
What determines the solubility of oxygen in water?
How much oxygen does freshwater contain per liter at 25 °C?
What type of water contains 4.95 mL of oxygen per liter?
How much more soluble is oxygen in water at 0 °C than at 20 °C?
What is the mass of oxygen in the Earth's biosphere?
Where does oxygen rank among the most abundant chemical elements in the universe?
How much of the Sun's mass is oxygen?
Oxygen is the major component of what?
What produces the O 2 that surrounds Mars and Venus?
When did scientists realize that air could be liquefied?
What did scientists do to liquefy air?
Which Swiss chemist and physicist used a cascade method to liquefy carbon dioxide?
How many drops of liquid oxygen were produced in Louis Paul Cailletet's method?
When was oxygen liquified in stable state for the first time?
What has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth?
What isotope does the Sun have a higher proportion of than the Earth?
What spacecraft returned a silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind in space?
What type of process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains that formed the Earth?
Which planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the Sun?
What is the name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O 2 in which all the electron spins are paired?
What is singlet oxygen more reactive towards than molecular oxygen per se?
In nature, singlet oxygen is formed from water during what process?
What produces singlet oxygen in the troposphere?
What plays a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen and converting it to the unexcited ground state before it can cause harm to tissues?
Who measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what the climate was like millions of years ago?
What is the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms used to determine millions of years ago?
What percentage of oxygen isotope does seawater contain?
seawater left behind tends to be higher in what?
What type of climate has a higher oxygen-16 ratio than a warmer climate?
What are the wavelengths of Oxygen's absorption bands?
What has the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies been proposed as a method of monitoring?
What have some remote sensing scientists proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies to characterize plant health status?
On what scale has it been proposed to monitor the carbon cycle from satellites?
What type of scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies to characterize plant health status from a satellite platform?
In the triplet form, O 2 molecules are what?
What is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet?
What is the spin magnetic moment of in a molecule that imparts magnetic character to oxygen when it is in the presence of a magnetic field?
What do O 2 molecules impart magnetic character to oxygen when it is in the presence of?
A bridge of liquid oxygen can be supported against its own weight between the poles of what?
What are reactive oxygen species?
What is the purpose of peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen?
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the hypersensitive response of plants against what?
What type of organisms were the dominant form of early life on Earth until O 2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere?
When did anaerobic organisms begin to accumulate in the atmosphere?
At what temperature does oxygen condense?
What kind of substance is liquid O 2?
How is high purity liquid O 2 obtained?
What is used as a coolant to produce liquid oxygen?
Liquid oxygen must be segregated from what?
In what body of the world does free oxygen occur?
At what temperature does the solubility of O 2 increase?
Why do polar oceans support a much higher density of life?
What can nitrates and phosphates in water stimulate the growth of?
What is another term for the amount of O 2 needed to restore water to a normal concentration?
When did photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolve?
During what eon did free oxygen first appear in significant quantities?
What did free oxygen produced by organisms combine with dissolved iron in the oceans to form?
When did free oxygen begin to outgas from the oceans?
When did free oxygen begin to outgas from the oceans?
What describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth?
What type of cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth?
How many main reservoirs does the oxygen cycle have on Earth?
What is the main driving factor of the oxygen cycle?
Photosynthesis releases what into the atmosphere?
What type of sieves are used to produce O 2 gas?
What percentage of O 2 gas is produced by passing a stream of clean, dry air through a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves?
What gas is released from the other nitrogen-saturated zeolite bed?
What type of technologies are used to produce oxygen gas?
What type of method is used to produce O 2 gas?
What can be electrolysed into molecular oxygen and hydrogen?
What do the gases in each limb consist of in the explosive ratio 2:1?
What type of electricity must be used to produce oxygen gas?
What is the electrocatalytic O 2 evolution from?
What type of catalysts can be used?
Oxygen has a history of what kind of use?
What is oxygen supposed to be?
What do professional football players wear oxygen masks to get a "boost" in?
What is a more likely explanation for the pharmacological effect of oxygen masks?
In what type of exercise can enriched O 2 mixtures be used?
What uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O 2 around the patient?
What does increased O 2 concentration in the lungs help displace from the heme group of hemoglobin?
What causes gas gangrene?
What occurs in divers who decompress too quickly after a dive?
What is used to treat emphysema?
What part of the body is aided by treatment with oxygen?
What is used in medicine to take up O 2 from the air?
Uptake of O 2 from the air is the essential purpose of what?
What type of oxygen does a disease impair the body's ability to take up and use?
Why does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
What mineral is written as Fe 1  xO?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
The coating of oxide on the surface of metals slows what?
What is an emergency supply of O 2 automatically supplied to passengers in pressurized commercial airplanes?
What type of oxygen generators are activated by cabin pressure loss?
What type of reaction produces a steady stream of oxygen gas?
What is produced by the exothermic reaction?
High pressure oxygen tanks, cryogenics, and chemical compounds are examples of what?
In what type of container is oxygen often transported as a liquid?
How is oxygen transported in bulk?
What is contained in smaller cylinders of oxygen?
Where do bulk liquid oxygen storage containers stand?
What are acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, furan, THF, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, DMF, DMSO, acetic acid, and formic acid?
What are glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide?
What are acetone and phenol used for in the synthesis of many different substances?
What are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms?
What kind of class of organic compounds that contain oxygen are alcohols?
oxygen is found in almost all what that are important to (or generated by) life?
How many common complex biomolecules contain no oxygen?
What organic compounds with biological relevance contain the largest proportion of oxygen?
All fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and what else contain oxygen?
calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite are examples of what?
What can also occur in deep scuba diving and surface supplied diving?
What can prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O 2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa lead to?
What is the maximum O 2 partial pressure that can lead to convulsions?
What is the most feared effect for divers?
What is the most feared effect of acute oxygen toxicity?
Why is pure O 2 used in space applications?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas in spacesuits?
How much is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas in a spacesuit?
How much damage is caused by breathing pure O 2 in space applications?
How much more is the resulting O 2 partial pressure in the astronaut's blood than normal sea-level O 2 partial pressure?
When can oxygen gas be toxic?
Oxygen toxicity usually begins to occur at partial pressures more than what?
Oxygen toxicity usually begins to occur at partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals, equal to what percentage of oxygen?
What type of device is not a problem when oxygen toxicity occurs at partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals?
What percentage of oxygen gas is used in medical applications?
When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?
What was the price of oil at the end of the embargo?
In what year was the second oil crisis?
What was the 1973 oil crisis called?
Who proclaimed an oil embargo?
Why did some European nations and Japan seek to disassociate themselves from US foreign policy in the Middle East?
What did the US do to resolve the crisis?
When did the US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula?
When did Arab oil producers lift the embargo?
When did the US withdraw from the Bretton Woods Accord?
What was the value of the dollar left to do?
What did industrialized nations do to prevent currency values from fluctuating for a time?
When did OPEC announce that they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold?
Why did the price of oil decrease?
What happened to the dollar price of oil from 1947 to 1967?
When was OPEC slow to readjust prices to reflect the depreciation?
When did OPEC's prices return to Bretton Woods levels?
How long had the price of oil remained stable?
When did Syria and Egypt launch a surprise attack on Israel?
Who was the world's second-largest oil exporter at the time?
How much more did the Shah of Iran say Iran should pay for oil?
Who was the world's second-largest oil exporter at the time?
What was the result of the attack on Israel?
Why did OPEC raise the price of oil on October 16, 1973?
When did OPEC raise the price of oil to $5.11 a barrel?
How long did the embargo last?
How much money did Nixon request Congress to allocate to Israel?
What did OPEC raise the price of oil in response to?
How much money did Saudi Arabia spend to spread Wahhabism throughout the world?
What Sunni extremist groups did the al-Haramain Foundation distribute funds to?
What region of the world was particularly affected by the arms purchases?
What was the reason for the higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities?
What was Saudi Arabia's fundamentalist interpretation of Islam known as?
What have been held responsible for recessions, periods of excessive inflation, reduced productivity, and lower economic growth?
The possibility that the Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with which country was of more concern to the US than oil?
In what year did the USSR and the USSR reach a negotiated settlement?
Whose dominance in the US was no match for interest groups and government agencies?
What caused immediate demands to address the threats to US energy security?
What industry was affected by the price increases?
What were inflationary and deflationary impacts of the embargo?
Where did the embargo leave oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supply?
How long did it take to find oil and develop new fields?
Which country faced a complete embargo?
What country refused to use their airfields?
Who was an ally of Israel during the Six-Day War?
What country was the UK an ally of during the Six-Day War?
Who was Harold Wilson's successor?
Which country faced an oil crisis of its own?
What was a major factor in the change of government?
During what time period did the strikes by coal miners and railroad workers become a major factor in the change of government?
Which country banned flying, driving, and boating on Sundays?
Which country rationed gasoline and heating oil?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
Why was new oil sold at a higher price?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
What was used to address the scarcity of old oil?
Who was the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
When did Nixon name William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
What was the purpose of the Federal Energy Office?
When did 20% of American gasoline stations have no fuel?
What was the national maximum speed limit in 1974?
What act imposed a national speed limit of 55 mph in 1974?
Who signed the National Highway Designation Act?
When did Bill Clinton sign the National Highway Designation Act?
When was the cabinet-level Department of Energy created?
What led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power, and domestic fossil fuels?
What does the single-shot solutions to the energy crisis ignore?
Who has repeatedly backed policies that promise solutions that are politically expedient, but whose prospects are doubtful?
Who was so distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries that they briefly considered military action to forcibly seize Middle Eastern oilfields?
Who ordered a British intelligence estimate of US intentions?
How long would the occupation of Middle Eastern oilfields last?
Who did the Soviets warn would be alienated if the US seized Middle Eastern oilfields?
Which country was the most dependent on Arab oil?
What percentage of Japan's imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970?
What did Japan receive in December of 1973?
On what date did Japan issue a statement that Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories?
When was Japan considered an Arab-friendly state?
What was only one sign of insecurity in the region?
Who became increasingly dependent on American security assurances to manage both external and internal threats?
Who was the leader of the Sunni Muslim nation in 1979?
When did the Shah fail to maintain control of Iran?
When did Wahhabi extremists seize the Grand Mosque in Mecca?
What did the crisis reduce the demand for?
What became mass-market leaders with unibody construction and front-wheel drive?
What types of engines did the Japanese imports have that were more fuel efficient than American imports?
What country imported the Datsun B210?
When did Honda, Toyota and Nissan open US assembly plants?
What was the name of the larger car introduced by Toyota and Nissan?
What type of steering did the Datsun 810 have?
What was the name of the luxury division of Infiniti?
What was the name of the compact truck introduced?
What was Mitsubishi's Forte renamed after the oil crisis?
What companies did Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu have joint partnerships with?
What policy did the American manufacturers end?
What forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales?
How many passengers did the Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon have?
By what year did the average American vehicle move 17.4 miles per gallon?
What was the name of the Mercury Marquis?
What was the name of the low-priced full-size model that did not recover from the 1973 crisis?
By what year had virtually all full-size American cars shrunk?
What year did Chrysler end production of their full-sized luxury sedans?
What 1974 compact was a prelude to the DOT "downsize" revision of vehicle categories?
In what year was OPEC's production surpassed by that of other countries?
When did the world price of oil drop to less than $10 per barrel?
What was Saudi Arabia trying to do?
What was the world price during the 1979 energy crisis?
What was the name of the one-man spacecraft that put the first Americans in space?
Who carried out the Apollo program?
When was the first manned Apollo flight?
Who conceived the Apollo program?
How many men were in Project Gemini?
When did Apollo run?
What program supported Apollo from 1962 to 1966?
The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was a joint Earth orbit mission with what country in 1975?
What was the name of the space station that supported three manned missions in 1973-74?
In what year did the Apollo 1 crew die?
When did the Apollo 1 crew die?
What caused the cancellation of three of the Apollo missions?
How many of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings?
What prevented the Apollo 13 landing?
What was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body?
What was the final manned spacecraft to orbit the Moon?
How much lunar rocks and soil did the Apollo 17 mission return to Earth?
What areas of technology did the Apollo program help advance?
How many astronauts could the Mercury capsule support on a limited Earth orbital mission?
How many astronauts would Apollo carry?
Who named the Apollo program after the Greek god of light, music, and the sun?
What type of landings were possible on the Apollo program?
When was the Apollo program conceived?
In what year was the Apollo program announced?
Who led NASA's in-house spacecraft design studies?
How many study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company?
Who was the NASA Deputy Administrator in 1960?
Who was elected president in 1960?
John F. Kennedy was elected president after a campaign that promised superiority over what country in the fields of space exploration and missile defense?
What was the reason for Kennedy not being able to decide on the status of the Apollo program?
Who was the new NASA administrator?
What did Kennedy feel had formed between the Soviets and themselves due to Eisenhower's inaction?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
What country was Yuri Gagarin in competition with?
How long after Gagarin's flight did the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics meet?
How did Kennedy respond to the news of Gagarin's flight?
On what date did Kennedy send a memo to Johnson?
Who did Kennedy send a memo to on April 20?
How long after Kennedy's memo did Johnson respond to Kennedy's memo?
What did Lyndon B. Johnson say the United States was not doing if it was to reach a position of leadership?
Who was the Space Task Group's leader?
Where was the Space Task Group based?
Where was the Manned Spacecraft Center located?
Who donated land for the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Where was the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station located?
Where was the Launch Operations Center located?
Who was the first Director of the LOC?
What position did Kurt H. Debus hold at the LOC?
Whose death led to the renaming of the LOC and Cape Canaveral?
How many launch pads were planned for the Apollo spacecraft?
What type of spacecraft could be tested in two vacuum chambers?
The Apollo spacecraft could be tested in two vacuum chambers capable of simulating atmospheric pressure at altitudes up to what altitude?
How large was the Vertical Assembly Building?
Who did Webb recruit for a high management job?
When did Mueller become Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
Who was the former Associate Administrator of the Office of Manned Space Flight?
Who was appointed Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
What was Mueller's industry experience on?
What military branch did Mueller work in?
Who was the OMSF program controller?
How long did Phillips manage Apollo?
What position did Phillips have at NASA?
What did engineers fear would be extremely difficult in lunar orbit?
In what year was direct ascent generally the mission mode in favor at NASA?
Who did John Houbolt send a series of memos and reports on the issue of LOR to?
Who was Seamans' special technical assistant?
When did Seamans establish an ad-hoc committee to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program?
What group began to support LOR in late 1961 and early 1962?
Who became a champion of LOR?
What does MSFC stand for?
Who was Kennedy's science advisor?
Who did Jerome Wiesner hire to chair his own Space Vehicle Panel?
Who reached an internal agreement to land men on the Moon?
When was the formal announcement of the Saturn V launch?
Who made the disagreement public during a visit to the Marshall Space Flight Center?
What did Wiesner say in front of the press during a presentation by von Braun?
What does LEM stand for?
Who was selected as the LEM contractor in November 1962?
What did the LOR method allow the lander to do in the event of a failure of the command ship?
What was the name of the Apollo 13 mission that had an oxygen tank explosion?
What did the Lunar Module provide to the Apollo 13 crew?
In what year was the LOR method dropped?
What shape was the Command/Service Module?
What was the name of the module that the crew would spend the entire direct-ascent mission and lift off from the lunar surface for the return trip?
How many men did the Lunar Excursion Module take to the lunar surface?
How many astronauts did the Command Module carry?
The Command Module was designed to carry three astronauts from launch to lunar orbit and back to what landing?
What was the exterior of the Command Module covered with?
What did the Command Module use to slow its descent to splashdown?
How much did the Command Module weigh?
What supported the Command Module?
What was used for long distance communications on the lunar missions?
What happened to the Service Module after it was re-entry?
How much did the initial lunar flight version weigh?
What was carried on the extended lunar missions?
Who won the contract to build the CSM?
How much more thrust was needed for translunar flight?
In what year did a program definition study conclude that the CSM should be continued as Block I?
What was the name of the second stage of the CSM?
How many astronauts did the Lunar Module land on the Moon?
Is the Lunar Module designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere or return to Earth?
What was the initial weight of the Lunar Module?
How long did the Extended Lunar Module last?
Who was the director of the Marshall Space Flight Center before the Apollo program began?
Von Braun was transferred from what military branch to NASA?
When did the Saturn V replace the Nova?
What did the first four Saturn I test flights carry?
When were the first five Saturn I test flights launched?
What did the last three CSMs carry to support the Apollo program?
What did the Pegasus satellites measure?
What was the name of the upgraded version of the Saturn I?
How much thrust did the S-IVB-200 produce?
What stage of the Saturn V was the restartable version of the S-IVB used for?
How much weight could the Saturn IB send into low Earth orbit?
What was the name of the Saturn V that was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon?
How large was the Saturn V?
How many stages were in the Saturn V?
What did the second and third stages of the Saturn V burn?
Who were the Apollo astronauts chosen from?
What missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans?
Who was the first NASA scientist astronaut to fly in space?
On what mission did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
When did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
How many astronauts were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal by NASA?
What award did NASA give to all of the astronauts?
When were the Distinguished Service Medals awarded to Grissom, White, and Chaffee?
Why were the Apollo 7 crew awarded the Exceptional Service Medal?
Which Apollo 7 mission was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal?
In what year were the Block I CSMs launched?
What was the altitude of the first AS-201?
How many kilometers was the AS-202 downrange in the Pacific ocean?
What did the AS-202 validate?
What type of test flight was the AS-206?
What did the astronauts begin wearing?
What was replaced with a clear "fishbowl" type for greater visibility?
What was included in the lunar surface EVA suit?
What was the name of the Block II crew position?
Who was the Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs?
Wally Schirra, Eisele, and Walter Cunningham were members of what crew?
In what year was the first Apollo crew selected?
Who dislocated his shoulder twice aboard the KC135 weightlessness training aircraft?
Wally Schirra, Eisele, and Walter Cunningham were announced as the prime crew for what aircraft?
What happened to the AS-205 mission in December 1966?
When was the AS-205 planned to fly?
What was the new name of the AS-205 mission?
Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham were reassigned as what?
Who was appointed to head a "tiger team" to investigate North American problems?
What was the name of the team that investigated North American problems?
When did the Lunar Module become ready for manned flight?
Who was the Manned Space Flight Administrator in 1965?
Where did Grissom, White, and Chaffee test their spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center?
Who decided to name their Apollo 1 flight?
What did the plugs-out test simulate?
Where did Grissom, White, and Chaffee test their spacecraft?
What did the crew notice that delayed the sealing of the hatch?
When did the plugs-out test begin?
What caused the cabin to burst?
What happened to the astronauts before the hatch could be opened?
What type of atmosphere did the electrical fire spread in?
Who oversees the accident review board?
What did the review board find in Command Module design, workmanship, and quality control?
Who replaced Joseph Francis Shea?
When did NASA convene an accident review board?
What was used instead of pure oxygen before and during launch of the Block II spacecraft?
What were removed from the Block II spacecraft?
What did the Block II design call for to replace the Block I plug-type hatch cover?
What happened to the manned Block I program?
What type of space suits did crew members wear?
What type of mission types did Mueller approve in 1967?
What was the goal of each step of the mission type?
What was used instead of numbers for the mission types?
What was the name of the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
What was the Command Module's capability to survive a trans-lunar reentry?
When was the third unmanned test of the Saturn V?
What test did NASA cancel?
What was the name of the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
Where was Apollo 5 launched?
Who wanted a second unmanned test of the LM?
What was the result of the first unmanned test flight of the LM engines?
What is abort mode known as?
How many Saturn IBs were used for the Apollo 8 mission?
What was the name of the ship that the Soviet Union sent animals to the Moon on September 15, 1968?
On what date did William Anders make 10 orbits of the Moon?
What did George Low propose to do instead of sending Apollo 8 to Earth?
What type of cosmonauts would the Soviet Union send to the Moon?
What was the name of the Apollo 11 crew that performed the first landing at the Sea of Tranquility?
When did the Apollo 11 mission take place?
What type of television did the Apollo 11 crew send back to Earth?
Who were on the Apollo 11 mission?
On what date did the Apollo 11 crew return to Earth?
Where did Conrad and Bean land?
What was the name of the unmanned lunar probe?
What did Conrad and Bean do with the parts of the Surveyor 3?
What did Conrad and Bean accidentally point the first lunar surface color television camera into?
What was the name of the vehicle that would allow televised liftoff of the LM?
What was revised for the extended missions to allow greater flexibility and visibility for driving the LRV?
How many more planned landing sites were announced?
How long would the CMP stay on the Moon?
What did NASA plan to increase in the CSM and LM for the last five missions?
What caused the Apollo 13 crew to use the LM as a "life boat" to return to Earth?
Who were the two crew members of Apollo 13?
What happened to the Apollo 13 mission after the liquid oxygen tank exploded?
What was redesigned and an extra one added to the Apollo 13 mission?
When did Apollo 13 launch?
What Apollo 20 mission did the Saturn V eliminate?
What happened to NASA's yearly budget?
What did the two unused Saturn Vs become at the John F. Kennedy Space Center?
In what year did NASA cancel missions 18 and 19?
How old are the rocks found on the Moon?
How old are the samples from the highlands crust of the Moon?
What is the name of the geochemical component found on the Moon?
What is the name of the rock found during the Apollo 15 mission?
What is never seen on Earth rocks?
What do most rocks show evidence of?
What is impact melt?
What was the estimated cost of the Apollo program in 2005?
How many Saturn V rockets did NASA purchase in 2005?
What was the estimated cost of Apollo from 1959 to 1973?
What was the name of the Apollo Extension Series?
What does AAP stand for?
What planet would the S-IVB be used for?
When was Skylab launched?
Where was Skylab constructed?
When did Skylab's last crew leave the station?
What was Skylab equipped with?
What was the name of the NASA robot that began photographing the lunar surface in 2009?
What was the name of the mission that blew over the U.S. flag?
What is the degree to which the flags left on the Moon retain their original colors?
What mission sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth?
What book did the crew of Apollo 8 read on Christmas Eve 1968?
How much of the population of the world saw the Christmas Eve transmission?
What did the mission and Christmas provide to 1968?
What was used to record the lunar landing data?
What was the format of the Apollo TV camera?
What prompted NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration?
What did NASA use to record over the tapes?
Who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera?
Who compiled the original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11?
Why was the video processed?
What type of recordings were used in the restoration of the Apollo 11 footage?
Who did Nafzger assign the surviving lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11 to?
What color was the restored video?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What is European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What are the secondary sources of European Union law?
What are the main members of the European Union's legislature?
What is European Union law?
What type of effect do Regulations and Directives have on the laws of European Union member states?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the main members of the European Union's legislature?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What are the main members of the European Union's legislature?
How many sources of European Union law are there?
Who enforces European Union law?
Who enforces European Union law?
The European Commission can take proceedings against a member state under what treaty?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with case law by the Court of Justice, what is another source of European Union law?
Who enforces European Union law?
The European Commission can take proceedings against a member state under what treaty?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with case law by the Court of Justice, what is another source of European Union law?
Who enforces European Union law?
Who enforces European Union law?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What are somesupplementary sources of European Union law?
What are the EU's primary constitutional sources?
Who has the initiative to propose legislation?
Who elects the European Parliament?
What is the supreme judicial body that interprets EU law?
Who appoints the Commissioners and the board of the European Central Bank?
What are the core treaties of the EU?
What is an example of a region that the TEU excludes from the jurisdiction of European Union law?
What can the Court of Justice of the European Union do?
When can individuals rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union?
When do treaties apply?
What are the core treaties of the EU?
What are examples of territories where a member state is responsible for external relations?
What happens to treaties when they enter into force?
What can the Court of Justice of the European Union do?
How did the principal treaties that form the European Union begin?
What were the first two treaties that formed the European Union?
In what year did Greenland sign a treaty giving it a special status?
When did Norway join the EU?
Who signed a treaty in 1985 giving it a special status?
What were the principal treaties that formed the European Union?
When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
In what year was the Single European Act signed?
In what year did Norway join the EU?
In what year did Greenland sign a treaty giving it a special status?
When was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union?
What caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to not come into force?
How similar was the Lisbon Treaty to the proposed constitutional treaty?
What type of treaty was the Lisbon Treaty?
What did the Lisbon Treaty do to the treaties?
What happened after the Nice Treaty?
Why did the Nice Treaty make the European Union more transparent?
What caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to not come into force?
What treaty was enacted after the Nice Treaty?
Who is the main executive body of the European Union?
Who has a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How many commissioners are there for each of the 28 member states?
Who is the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?
What article of the Treaty on European Union states that Commissioners should be "completely independent" and not take instructions from any Government?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How are decisions taken by the European Commission?
What country refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon?
Who are the unelected subordinates of member state governments?
What Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999?
What did the European Court of Justice rule about a Commissioner giving her dentist a job?
Who found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had 'even the slightest sense of responsibility'?
Who appoints the European Central Bank's board?
What are the voting rights of the European Central Bank?
When was the Santer Commission censured?
What was the name of the case in which the European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job did in fact not break any law?
Who found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had 'even the slightest sense of responsibility'?
What did the Committee of Independent Experts create?
In what year did the European Anti-fraud Office investigate the Maltese Commissioner for Health?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
Why are elected representatives in the Parliament deficient?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What are the powers of the European Parliament?
What are the powers of the European Parliament?
Who has a monopoly on initiating legislation?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
When was the first direct election in the European Parliament?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What is the largest political party in the European Parliament?
What is the Council composed of?
Who is the current president of the European Council?
How is the weight of the votes on the European Council compared to the size of the member states?
How many votes are there in the European Council?
How many votes does the European Council have?
What is the second main legislative body?
How often does the European Council meet?
How many votes are there in the European Council?
What does TEU article 16(4) and TFEU article 238(3) mean?
How many MEPs must vote on a Commission proposal?
What must the Council vote by to approve changes?
What is it like to change EU law than stay the same?
What articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
What court believes the EU has the final say?
What defines the "ordinary legislative procedure" that applies for most EU acts?
What does the "Conciliation Committee" do?
What articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
What is the name of the committee that represents MEPs, ministers, and the Commission to try and get agreement on a joint text?
What branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
How many judges are there in the EU?
What is most EU law applied by?
What is the CJEU's duty?
How has the judicial branch of the EU played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
What does the CJEU have to deal with EU staff issues?
How long does it take for a president to be elected?
What is the CJEU's duty?
What does the Court of Justice believe has primacy if it conflicts with a provision of national law?
Why did the Italian Constitutional Court rule that Costa had no claim?
In what years did the Court of Justice rule that a public health inspection fee under an Italian law for importing beef from France to Italy was contrary to two Regulations?
Who has had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems?
In what year did Costa v Enel take place?
Who said that if EU law conflicts with a provision of national law, then EU law has primacy?
What takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties?
What does the Court of Justice not have the final say on?
When was the European Communities Act enacted?
What does the EU's legitimacy rest on?
What is the view of the German Constitutional Court from the Solange I and Solange II decisions?
What binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
In what year were citizens or corporations said to not be allowed to bring claims against other non-state parties?
What can be subject to judicial review?
What concerns the European Union's governance structure?
In what case was it held that the provisions of the Treaties are directly effective if they are clear and unambiguous?
What article stated that no quantitative restrictions could be placed on trade?
Who was Van Gend en Loos?
EU Regulations are the same as what?
What do not generally give citizens standing to sue other citizens?
How many paid holidays does the Working Time Directive require every worker to have each year?
What is the minimum amount of paid holidays a member state requires in national law?
When did three Advocate Generals argue that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?
What happens if a Directive's deadline is not met?
How can a citizen or company invoke a Directive?
How long did Kücükdeveci work?
In Foster v what company was the Court of Justice held that Mrs Foster was entitled to bring a sex discrimination claim against her?
In Foster v British Gas plc, the Court of Justice held that Mrs Foster was entitled to bring a sex discrimination claim against her employer, British Gas plc?
Who has a duty to interpret domestic law as far as possible in the light of the wording and purpose of the directive?
What did First Company Law Directive article 11 require?
What did the Italian government fail to do in Francovich v Italy?
How much did Francovich claim from the Italian government for his loss?
Who developed the principles of European Union law?
What are the accepted general principles of European Union law?
How long has the European Court of Justice recognized proportionality?
Where is the principle of proportionality recognized in the EC Treaty?
What must be adopted when there is a choice between several appropriate measures?
How long has the concept of legal certainty been recognized by the European Court of Justice?
The concept of legal certainty is an important general principle of what?
The adoption of laws which will have legal effect in the European Union must have what?
What are the roots of the doctrine of legitimate expectation?
What is the European Court of Justice bound to draw inspiration from?
The European Court of Justice cannot uphold measures that are incompatible with what?
How many of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights?
Who was the only concern at the time of the European Convention on Human Rights?
When was the European Convention on Human Rights established?
What was the name of the European Court of Justice?
In what year did the European Council set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?
In what year was the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union adopted?
The 2007 Lisbon Treaty recognizes the rights, freedoms and principles set out in what?
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has become an integral part of what?
Who enforces the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union?
The Social Chapter is a chapter of what treaty?
In what year was the Social Chapter of the Treaty of Amsterdam created?
When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?
How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?
How many pieces of legislation did the Social Charter become the basis for?
Who adopted the Social Charter in 1989?
Who was the only member state to veto the Social Charter?
What was the protocol of the Maastricht Treaty called?
In what year was the Social Charter included as a chapter of the Maastricht Treaty?
What event led to the signing of the Agreement on Social Policy?
When was the UK Labour Party elected to government?
What was the name of the directive that required workforce consultation in businesses?
When was the Parental Leave Directive adopted?
What did the 1994 Works Council Directive require?
What countries were involved in the European Coal and Steel Community?
When was the European Coal and Steel Community agreement signed?
What did Article 65 of the European Coal and Steel Community agreement ban?
What article made provisions for concentrations, mergers, and the abuse of a dominant position by companies?
In what year were competition rules included in the Treaty of Rome?
What article of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements?
What does Article 102 prohibit?
What articles provide that a member state's right to deliver public services may not be obstructed?
What article prohibits the abuse of dominant position?
When was the concept of a "social market economy" introduced into EU law?
When was the Treaty of Rome?
What is breaking down barriers to trade meant to reduce?
The Court of Justice has taken the view that the specific goals of what are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty for improvement of people's well being?
Who has taken the view that the specific goals of free trade are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty for improvement of people's well being?
How is free movement of goods within the European Union achieved?
Who was discriminated against in Procureur du Roi v Dassonville?
What can states be responsible for?
In what case were French farmer vigilantes continually sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries?
In Schmidberger v Austria, the Court of Justice held that Austria did not infringe article 34 by failing to do what?
What was the minimum alcohol content of German liqueurs?
Where did Rewe-Zentrale AG want to import Cassis de Dijon?
In what year did Commission v Italy take place?
What was all Italian chocolate made from?
What was derogatory in Commission v Italy?
Which two importers claimed that their prosecution under a French competition law was unlawful?
What was the aim of the French competition law?
In what case did the Court of Justice review Swedish bans on advertising to children under 12, and misleading commercials for skin care products?
What directive harmonised restrictions on marketing and advertising to forbid conduct that distorts average consumer behaviour?
What was the purpose of the Treaties?
Who originally focused on free movement of workers?
What was free movement based on in the 1970s?
In what case did a German man claim the right to residence in the Netherlands?
What was Steymann entitled to in Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie?
What articles of the Free Movement of Workers Regulation set out the main provisions on equal treatment of workers?
Who claimed that he should be able to transfer from R.F.C. de Liège to USL Dunkerque when his contract finished?
In Groener v Minister for Education, the Court of Justice accepted that a requirement to speak what language to teach in a Dublin design college could be justified as part of the public policy of promoting the Irish language?
How did the Court of Justice view Weigel's claim that a re-registration charge upon bringing his car to Austria?
How did the Court of Justice view Weigel's claim that a re-registration charge upon bringing his car to Austria?
What has been seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice?
What has Citizenship of the EU increased?
In what case did the Court hold that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students to avoid structural, staffing and financial problems?
What did the Court of Justice require more access to?
What protects the "freedom of establishment" in article 49?
How would the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice be allowed?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he lacked Belgian nationality was unjustified?
What article of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union protects the "freedom of establishment"?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction?
When did a toxic waste spill off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire?
What did Spain not have a crime against?
When did the Court of Justice rule that the Commission could not propose criminal sanctions?
In what year did the Court of Justice contest the Commission's proposal to create criminal sentences for "ecological crimes"?
What does the "freedom to provide services" apply to?
Why was the Dutch lawyer told he could not continue?
The Court of Justice reasoned that what was controlled in all member states?
What did the Dutch health authorities consider unnecessary in Geraets-Smits v Stichting Ziekenfonds?
What newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands without first settling its tax bills in the UK?
How much capital was required to start a company in the UK?
What was the minimum amount of capital a company should have to start up in Denmark?
What could restrictions on freedom of establishment be justified by?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a German court could not deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract in Germany?
What is another name for the Amazon rainforest?
How many square kilometers of the Amazon basin are covered by the rainforest?
How many nations make up the Amazon basin?
How many states have "Amazonas" in their names?
How much of the world's remaining rainforests are in the Amazon?
What is the Dutch word for the Amazon rainforest?
What is the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world?
Where is the majority of the rainforest located?
How much of the planet's remaining rainforests are in the Amazon?
How many species are in the rainforest?
What type of forest is the Amazon rainforest?
How many square miles is the Amazon basin?
How many nations are in the Amazon rainforest?
Where is the majority of the rainforest located?
How many species are in the rainforest?
What may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread across the continent?
What has allowed the savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
What was the size of the rainforest during the Oligocene period?
What happened to the rainforest during the last glacial maximum?
How did the rainforest survive during the glacial periods?
What may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread across the continent?
How far south did the rainforest extend from 66-34 Mya?
What has allowed the savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
When did the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
What event led to the spread of the tropical rainforest?
When did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
When did the rainforest expand again?
When did the rainforest revert to a mostly inland formation?
How long ago did the savanna regions expand into the tropics?
What is believed to have happened during the mid-Eocene?
What did the water on the eastern side of the Amazon flow toward?
What is the name of the lake created by the Andes Mountains?
When did the accumulating water break through the Purus Arch?
What happened to the water that broke through the Purus Arch?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
What did the water on the eastern side of the Amazon flow toward?
Along with the Atlantic, where did water flow to the west of the Amazonas Basin?
What was the name of the basin that flowed toward the Pacific in the mid-Eocene?
What is the name of the lake that was created as the Andes Mountains rose?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
What is believed to have split the drainage basin of the Amazon in the mid-Eocene?
What did the water on the eastern side of the Amazon flow toward?
Along with the Atlantic, where did water flow to the west of the Amazonas Basin?
What is the name of the lake created by the Andes Mountains?
What does LGM stand for?
What did sediment deposits from the Amazon basin and the Amazon Fan indicate?
What do some scientists argue was the result of the last glacial maximum?
Is the debate over the extent of the reduction in rainforest vegetation easy or difficult to resolve?
Is the debate over the extent of the rainforest's vegetation supported by the available data?
How many years did the Last Glacial Maximum last?
What are the causes of the changes in the Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years?
What evidence suggests that rainfall was lower during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What was the Lower Glacial Maximum associated with?
How many years did the Last Glacial Maximum last?
What evidence suggests that rainfall was lower during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What type of vegetation was reduced in the basin during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What separated the rainforest from the rest of the rainforest?
Why is the debate over the extent of the rainforest difficult to resolve?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far is the Sahara from the Atlantic Ocean?
Where does 27.7 million tons of dust fall?
How many tons of dust remain in the air?
What has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How many tons of dust fall over the Amazon basin?
How many tons of dust remain in the air?
How many tons of dust fall on the Caribbean Sea?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Who has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far is the Sahara from the Atlantic Ocean?
How many tons of dust fall over the Amazon basin?
What was the title of the book that Betty Meggers wrote?
What is the population density of the Amazon rainforest?
What was the only way to sustain a large population in the Amazon rainforest?
What type of findings have suggested that the Amazon rainforest was actually densely populated?
How many people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
Why was it impossible to sustain a large population in the Amazon rainforest?
Who was a prominent proponent of the idea of a large population in the Amazon rainforest?
What was the population density of the Amazon rainforest?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
Who was a prominent proponent of the idea of a large population in the Amazon rainforest?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
What was the maximum population density in the Amazon rainforest?
How many people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
How many people lived in the Amazon in the 1980s?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
In what decade did Orellana believe a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon River?
Smallpox is believed to have caused the destruction of what?
Since what decade have numerous geoglyphs been discovered on deforested land dating between AD 0-1250?
When were the geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
In what year did Francisco de Orellana travel the length of the Amazon River?
When were the geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
Who discovered the geoglyphs in 1977?
How long has the Amazon rainforest been shaped by man?
What does Terra preta mean?
Terra preta is distributed over what area in the Amazon forest?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow in the previously hostile environment?
Which tribe found remains of large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest in 2003?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe?
What is now widely accepted as a product of indigenous soil management?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow in the previously hostile environment?
Which tribe found remains of large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest in 2003?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe?
What were found in the settlements in the Xingu tribe?
How many insect species are in Brazil?
How many bird species live in the Amazon?
How many plant species are in Brazil?
What percentage of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams?
How many invertebrate species have been described in Brazil?
How many insect species are in Brazil?
How many birds and mammals live in Brazil?
How many plant species are in Brazil?
How many reptiles have been classified in Brazil?
How many bird species live in the Amazon?
How large is the Ecuadorian rainforest?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many tonnes of living plants can one square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass in the Amazon rainforest?
How many species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the Ecuadorian rainforest?
What is the biodiversity of plant species on Earth?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many tonnes of living plants can one square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass per hectare?
How many species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the Ecuadorian rainforest?
What can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill humans?
What is the largest predator in the rainforest?
What species bites and injures humans?
What do poison dart frogs secrete through their flesh?
What can spread the rabies virus?
What is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas called?
When was access to the forest's interior restricted?
What method was used to cultivate crops during the 1960s?
Why were the colonists unable to manage their fields and crops?
What is visible to the naked eye from outer space?
What was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
What was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
What is most of the lost forest in the Amazon used for?
What is Brazil's position in the world in soybeans production?
What percentage of land in the Amazon has been used for livestock pasture since 1970?
Whose needs have been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects in the Amazon?
What did the first two highways lead to?
What was the mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What has happened to deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014?
What was the mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What are environmentalists concerned about?
What are environmentalists concerned will result in loss of biodiversity?
What could accelerate global warming?
How much of the world's terrestrial primary productivity does Amazonian evergreen forests account for?
What is the order of carbon stored in ecosystems in the Amazonian forests?
What conditions could cause the Amazon rainforest to become unsustainable?
What is one of the causes of climate change in the Amazon basin?
By what year did the Amazon rainforest lose cover?
When could the Amazon rainforest be threatened by climate change?
What could threaten the Amazon rainforest in the 21st century?
What continues to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide?
What type of conservation has gained more attention as the relationship between non-human primates in the subsistence and symbolism of indigenous lowland South American peoples has increased?
What are the causes of the destruction of indigenous territories?
Which indigenous people struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories?
What type of peoples have become more concerned with the relationship between non-human primates and the subsistence of non-human primates?
What is being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests?
What is the name of the tribe that uses GPS to map their ancestral lands?
Where do the Trio Tribe live?
Why do the Trio Tribe map out their ancestral lands?
Why are the indigenous tribes of the basin using remote sensing?
What stage of the Amazon forest is important to map?
What does the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the Amazon help to map?
Who organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
In what year did Tatiana Kuplich organize the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
What did Kuplich use to place the different parts of the Amazon into one of the four categories?
In what year did parts of the Amazon basin experience the worst drought in one hundred years?
What is the name of the institute that studies the Amazon?
What is one of the effects of drought on the climate?
What does the article say the rainforest is on the brink of being turned into?
Who reported that the rainforest could survive only three years of drought?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience another severe drought?
How many square miles of the Amazon rainforest was affected in 2010?
How many epicenters did the 2010 drought have?
In what year was the southwestern part of the Amazon rainforest focused on the southwestern part?
How much carbon dioxide does the Amazon absorb in a typical year?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
Where do ctenophora live?
How large are adult ctenophora?
What is ctenophora?
What do ctenophora use for swimming?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
How large are adult ctenophora?
What do ctenophora use for swimming?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
How large are adult ctenophora?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What are the Greek words for ctenophora?
Where do ctenophora live?
How much weight can ctenophores eat in a day?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
How many species of ctenophores have not been fully described and named?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
What are the tentacles fringed with?
How much weight can ctenophores eat in a day?
What do coastal beroids lack?
What are the mouths of coastal beroids armed with?
How much weight can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are the tentacles fringed with?
What are the mouths of coastal beroids armed with?
What are tentilla covered with?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
What type of animal can produce both eggs and sperm?
What do most platyctenids' young look like?
Are juveniles capable of reproduction before reaching the adult size?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?
What type of hermaphrodites mature at different times?
What species' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?
What is a sequential hermaphrodite?
What species' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What species have large mouths and no tentacles?
Where has Mnemiopsis accidentally been introduced?
What ctenophore was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What two factors aggravated the situation of Mnemiopsis in the Black Sea?
Beroe preys on what?
What ctenophore was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What did Mnemiopsis eat that caused fish stocks to collapse?
Where may ctenophores control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms?
Where may ctenophores control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms?
What are phytoplankton?
What ctenophore was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What is Mnemiopsis blamed for?
What helped mitigate the Mnemiopsis problem?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that cydippids are not what?
How long ago were fossils of ctenophores found in lagerstätten?
What are fossils thought to represent ctenophores without?
How long ago were fossils of ctenophores found in lagerstätten?
What event 66 million years ago caused all modern ctenophores to appear relatively recently?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that cydippids are not what?
What are fossils thought to represent ctenophores without?
jellyfish and sea anemones are examples of what phylum?
How are ctenophores distinguished from other animals?
What animal phylum is less complex than ctenophores?
What animal phylum is more complex than sponges?
What do ctenophores have that are sticky and adhere to prey?
jellyfish and sea anemones are examples of what phylum?
What do ctenophores have that are sticky and adhere to prey?
What do ctenophores have that are sticky and adhere to prey?
What have cells bound by inter-cell connections and carpet-like basement membranes?
What animal phylum is less complex than ctenophores?
What is the middle layer of jelly-like material called in ctenophores?
What are ctenophores and cnidarians traditionally labelled?
What animals have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material?
Along with cnidarians, ctenophores and ctenophores have traditionally been labelled diploblastic, along with what other animal?
What do ctenophores use as their main method of locomotion?
What do ctenophores use cilia as?
What are the comb-like bands of cilia called?
What does ctenophora mean?
What is the name of the coastal genus?
What type of ctenophores are so fragile that it is difficult to capture intact for study?
What do coastal species need to be tough enough to do?
What are the three coastal genus?
What is the inner surface of the cavity lined with?
What do photocytes produce?
What is the name of the internal cavity of an animal?
What forms the internal cavity of an animal?
What are the most active parts of the animal?
What are comb rows called?
What are "combs" also known as?
What is the extra compact filament arranged in a 9 + 3 pattern?
Where do ctenophores usually swim?
How long are the cilia in the combs?
What do some ctenophores rely on to adapt to water of different densities?
If ctenophores enter less dense brackish water, the ciliary rosettes may pump water out of what?
What do ciliary rosettes do if they enter less dense brackish water?
What do rosettes do when ctenophores move from brackish to full-strength seawater?
What is the largest sensory feature in a ctenophore?
Where is the aboral organ?
What protects the statocyst?
What is the main component of the aboral organ?
What is a statocyst?
What is Pleurobrachia?
What extends from the opposite sides of the body?
What shape do cydippid ctenophores have?
What are the tentacles of cydippid ctenophores housed in?
Where is the mouth of Pleurobrachia?
What are the tentacles of cydippid ctenophores fringed with?
What are colloblasts?
What type of muscle does the tentilla of Euplokamis contain?
How many types of movement do Euplokamis' tentilla have?
What are Euplokamis' tentilla used for?
How many rows of combs are there?
Where do the combs run?
How are the combs spaced?
What runs out under the dome and then splits to connect with two adjacent comb rows?
What are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth?
What are auricles?
How many auricles do lobates have?
What is the purpose of water currents in lobate lobes?
What do lobates feed on?
How can Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis escape from danger?
How do lobates escape from danger by clapping their lobes?
What are the movements of lobates' combs coordinated by?
What are the movements of lobates' combs coordinated by?
What is another name for the Beroida?
What is another name for Nuda?
What do the strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do?
What do the strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do when the animal is not feeding?
What is inside the large mouth of the Beroida?
What are ribbon-shaped planktonic animals?
What is one of the largest ctenophores?
What does Cestida mean?
How can Cestids swim?
What can move much faster in what has been described as a "darting motion"?
What are on the aboral surface of most platyctenida?
What do platyctenids do by everting the pharynx?
All but one of the known platyctenid species lack what?
Where do platyctenids live?
How are eggs and sperm released?
What do platyctenids use?
What genus has self-fertilization been seen in?
Where are the gonads located?
What type of fertilization is used in most hermaphrodites?
What do Beroe juveniles lack?
Where do platyctenids live?
When do platyctenids attain the adult form?
How do platyctenids behave?
What genus of juveniles lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths?
What happens when some species are disturbed?
When do some species produce secretions that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies?
What is the term for secretions that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies?
Does a juvenile luminesce more brightly than an adult?
Are all ctenophores predators?
What do Haeckelia prey on?
What do Haeckelia members do with their prey's nematocysts?
What type of prey does Bolinopsis feed on?
Which cydippid feeds exclusively on salps?
Why were ctenophores considered "dead ends" in marine food chains?
What fish digests ctenophores 20 times as fast as shrimps?
The larvae of some sea anemones are parasites on what?
Where do herbivorous fishes deliberately feed on gelatinous zooplankton?
Some jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of what?
What was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
How was the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
How were Mnemiopsis populations brought under control?
When was the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
What did the cooling of the local climate do to the Mnemiopsis?
Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils?
What could the Ediacaran Eoandromeda possibly represent?
In what period were ctenophores widespread?
How many ctenophores were found in the Burgess Shale?
What were the three ctenophores that were found in the Burgess Shale?
How long ago did the early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil of Stromatoveris exist?
What fossil is similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period?
What is the name of the early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil?
What is the fossil Stromatoveris similar to?
The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris is very similar to Vendobionta of what period?
Ctenophores have been purported to be the sister lineage to what?
What is the earliest-diverging animal phylum?
What is the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores?
What did Richard Harbison's analysis conclude the cydippids are not?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
Who concluded that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was cydippid-like?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
How far is Fresno from Los Angeles?
What does the name Fresno mean in Spanish?
What is featured on the city's flag?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
When did the Central Pacific Railroad establish a station near Easterby's?
Why did Millerton residents move to Fresno?
When did Fresno become an incorporated city?
How many streetcars did the Fresno Traction Company operate in 1931?
What grew in the town of Fresno Station?
What percentage of Fresno's population was Asian in 1940?
What was the name of the Japanese neighborhood in Fresno before World War II?
Where was the Pinedale Assembly Center located in 1942?
What was the Pinedale Assembly Center?
What was the Fresno Fairgrounds used for?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What did BankAmericard allow cardholders to do?
When was BankAmericard renamed?
What is the current name of BankAmericard?
Who wrote the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Who recorded "Walking Into Fresno"?
What town did Bill Aken grow up in?
Where did Bill Aken make his first TV appearance?
Who adopted Bill Aken?
How many large public parks are in Fresno?
What park is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo?
What is the largest of the Fresno region's park system?
What Japanese garden is in Woodward Park?
What is the largest of the Fresno region's park system?
When did Downtown Fresno flourish?
What buildings were demolished in Downtown Fresno?
What is the current name of the Grand 1401?
What hotel was burned down in Downtown Fresno?
When was Fulton Street converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls?
What was Fulton Street renamed?
Who is the only public art piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch?
Where will the public art pieces be placed?
What will the public art pieces in the Fulton Mall feature?
Where is the neighborhood of Sunnyside located?
What are the major thoroughfares in Sunnyside?
When was the neighborhood of Sunnyside developed?
What neighborhood is on Fresno's far southeast side?
Who designed the Sunnyside Country Club's golf course?
What is the name of the historic water tower in the Tower District?
When was the Tower Theatre built?
What does the name of the Tower Theatre refer to?
What was the original name of California State University at Fresno?
How far away is Fresno City College?
When did the Tower Theatre re-open?
What types of movies were shown at the Tower Theatre in the 1970s?
When did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players open?
Where was Audra McDonald from?
What two movies did Audra McDonald play at the Tower Theatre?
What type of theater is located in the Tower District?
How close are the shops and bookstores in the Tower District?
What district is known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster communities?
What district is known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster communities?
What district is known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster communities?
What is the area known for?
What type of houses were designed by Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler?
How does the residential architecture of the Tower District compare to the newer areas of tract homes in north and east areas of Fresno?
When have many of Fresno's early 20th century homes been restored?
What is the name of the boulevard between First Street and Cedar Avenue in the Alta Vista Tract?
Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract?
In what year did developers Billings & Meyering acquire the Alta Vista Tract?
How many homes were in the Alta Vista Tract in 1914?
Who provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital?
What is another name for the West Side of Fresno?
Where does the West Side of Fresno lie from Downtown Fresno?
The West Side of Fresno is traditionally considered to be the center of what community?
What are the primary Asian-American populations in the West Side of Fresno?
What is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city?
Who is Kearney Boulevard named after?
What is Kearney Boulevard lined with?
Where is Kearney Boulevard located?
What is the name of the area south of Jensen and west of Elm?
What was known as the "Dogg Pound" in reference to a local gang?
When were public housing developments built in Fresno?
Where is the shopping center located?
Which two companies have large processing facilities in the neighborhood?
Where is the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport?
How much retail activity does the neighborhood have?
Who founded Woodward Park?
How many acres is Woodward Park?
How many people can the Woodward Park amphitheatre seat?
How long is the Lewis S. Eaton Trail?
When is Woodward Park open?
When was Sierra Sky Park Airport founded?
Who created the nation's first planned aviation community?
What was the first aviation community to be built?
What type of vehicles were allowed to share the roads of Sierra Sky Park Airport?
How many aviation communities are there today?
What kind of summers are in Fresno?
What is the warmest month in Fresno?
What is the average annual precipitation in Fresno?
What direction do most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from?
When are the coldest months in Fresno?
What is the official record high temperature for Fresno?
When was the record low temperature for Fresno?
In what year was the most rainfall in one month?
What was the heaviest snowfall at the airport?
What was the most rainfall in 24 hours on November 18, 1885?
What was the population of Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's population is White?
How many people were Native American in Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of the population was non-Hispanic White in 2010?
What was the population density per square mile?
How many households had children under the age of 18 living in them?
What percentage of households had a female householder with no husband present?
How many same-sex married couples or partnerships were there?
What was the average family size?
What was the average household size?
How many people were there as of 2000?
How many housing units were there as of 2000?
What percentage of the city is Black?
How much of the city is Hmong?
What was the population density of the city in 2000?
Why did the Federal Communications Commission decide that Fresno would only have UHF television stations?
What was the first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting?
When did KMJ-TV begin broadcasting?
What is KMJ now known as?
What is the name of the CBS affiliate in Fresno?
What is the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley?
What is the name of State Route 168?
What is the name of the Yosemite Freeway?
Where does State Route 180 come from?
What is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway?
When was the Interstate Highway System created?
What is the name of the State Route that is now Interstate 5?
Why is it important to upgrade Interstate 5 to interstate standards?
Who provides passenger rail service in Fresno?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot located?
What railroads cross in Fresno?
Which railroad operates former Southern Pacific branchlines out of the city of Fresno?
What city is planned to serve the future California High Speed Rail?
Who developed the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
How did the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching compare to the established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth?
What is Donald Davies credited with?
What did Paul Baran develop in the late 1950s?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What is Donald Davies credited with?
What is the name of the networking paradigm that pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
What is circuit switching characterized by when no data is transferred?
How is packet switching characterized?
What is the name of the networking paradigm that pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
What is circuit switching?
How is circuit switching characterized?
How is packet switching characterized?
How can packet mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
What can be done in case of a shared physical medium?
How can packet mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
What can be done in case of a shared physical medium?
What did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force?
What did Baran develop the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching into?
What are the three key ideas in RAND's report P-2626?
What is one of the key ideas of the RAND report P-2626?
What did RAND report P-2626 describe?
How did Baran deliver his messages?
What concept did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force?
What are the three key ideas in RAND's report P-2626?
What did Donald Davies do?
What did Donald Davies call the routing methodology developed by Baran?
What did Donald Davies do with packet switching?
What did Scantlebury suggest packet switching be used for?
Who developed the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What did Donald Davies call the routing methodology developed by Baran?
What did Scantlebury do with the packet switching methodology?
What happens in connectionless mode?
How are the packets routed in connectionless mode?
How is each packet labeled in connectionless mode?
What happens at the destination?
What is different for different packets?
What does Routing a packet require the node to do?
What do the packets include?
What does connection-oriented transmission require?
What do X.25 and Frame Relay provide?
What does X.25 require a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted?
What does X.25 require a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted?
What does X.25 require a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted?
When did ARPANET and SITA HLN become operational?
What were the two fundamental differences between ARPANET and SITA HLN before the introduction of X.25?
What does the virtual call system guarantee?
What is an example of a datagram protocol?
What was AppleTalk?
What were the features of AppleTalk?
What did the AppleTalk system do?
What type of system was AppleTalk?
What was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
What was the CYCLADES packet switching network the first network to do?
How did the CYCLADES packet switching network make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
What did the concepts of the CYCLADES packet switching network influence?
What is DECnet?
What was the purpose of DECnet?
How did DECnet evolve into a seven-layer OSI-compliant networking protocol?
What did DECnet Phase II consist of?
What did Warner Sinback create?
What was the first commercial online service?
What happened to Warner Sinback's business?
Why was Warner Sinback right?
Why was Merit Network formed?
What first demonstrated the packet-switched network?
What other enhancements were made to the Merit Network?
What was Telenet?
Who founded Telenet?
What was Telenet founded for?
What did Telenet change?
What was the name of the company that bought Telenet?
What was Tymnet?
What did Tymnet use X.25, SNA/SDLC, BSC and ASCII interfaces to do?
How were users connected to Tymnet?
What did Tymnet's private network business allow?
How were private networks connected to Tymnet?
How many X.25 networks were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface?
Who developed DATAPAC?
How could a user or host call a host on a foreign network?
What was AUSTPAC?
What was the purpose of AUSTPAC?
How can you access AUSTPAC?
What was Datanet 1?
What did Datanet 1 refer to?
What did the name Datanet 1 refer to?
Why was the name Datanet 1 used?
What does CSNET stand for?
What was the purpose of the Computer Science Network?
What did the CSNET do?
What is Internet2?
Who built the first Internet2 Network?
What was the name of the first Internet2 Network?
What did Internet2 announce in 2006?
What did Internet2 do with Abilene?
What was the name of NSFNET?
What did NSFNET promote?
What happened to NSFNET?
What does vBNS stand for?
What was the purpose of the vBNS?
What did MCI Telecommunications do for the vBNS?
How many universities did the vBNS connect in 1998?
What did the vBNS do with the OC-48c backbone?
Where did the Black Death originate?
What type of ships were the black rats on?
How much of Europe was affected by the Black Death?
When did the world population recover to pre-plague levels?
When did the Black Death recur?
How is Yersinia pestis enzootic?
When were the nestorian graves near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan?
In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated where?
When did the famine begin?
How many Chinese and other Asians were killed by the plague?
Who first introduced the plague to Europe?
Who was the leader of the Mongol army during the siege of Kaffa?
What did the Mongol army catapult over the city walls of Kaffa?
Where did the Genoese traders take the plague?
What conditions contributed to the severity of the Black Death?
Where did the plague spread from Italy?
Where did the plague spread to in 1351?
Where was the plague less common?
Where did the plague spread east from Italy?
When was the plague introduced in Norway?
What did the plague cause in the Middle East?
When did the plague reach Alexandria?
How did the plague reach Alexandria?
What happened to Antioch's residents after the disease reached Antioch?
Who claimed that the Latin name atra mors first appeared in modern times in 1631?
What was the Latin name for the 14th century epidemic?
Who wrote 'Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant'?
When was the medieval epidemic called the Black Death?
Where did the name atra mors spread through?
What did the medical faculty blame for the plague?
Who did the medical faculty report to in 1345?
What was the most widely accepted theory in the Middle Ages?
What is the theory that the plague was caused by bad air called today?
What pathogen was responsible for the Black Death?
Where did the teams of scientists visit to investigate the pathogen that caused the 19th century plague?
Who was one of the scientists who investigated the pathogen that caused the Black Death?
What was established in 1898 by Paul-Louis Simond?
What was the bubonic plague mechanism dependent on?
Who wrote about the 'Great Pestilence'?
What did Francis Aidan Gasquet think the Great Pestilence was?
In what year did Gasquet adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death?
What did Gasquet implicat in the bubonic plague?
What was the name of the plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE?
What is the mortality rate of the modern bubonic plague?
What is the temperature range of the modern bubonic plague?
What percentage of people who contract the bubonic plague die within eight days?
What is the mortality rate of pneumonic plague?
What is a symptom of the septicemic plague?
When did PLoS Pathogens publish a paper about the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death?
What did PLoS Pathogens publish in October 2010?
How did the team assess the presence of DNA/RNA from the tooth sockets in human skeletons?
Where did the researchers find Yersinia pestis?
What did the new study show about Yersinia pestis?
What are clades?
Which strains of Y. pestis were found to be ancestral to modern isolates of the modern Y. pestis strains?
What did the study suggest about the two clades of the Y. pestis genome?
How did the first variant of the plague enter Europe?
When did the first variant of the Y. pestis pandemic reach England?
What has happened to the results of the Haensch study?
Where were the Black Death victims buried?
What did Schuenemann conclude about the variant of Y. pestis?
When was the genome of Y. pestis sequenced?
Who first challenged the plague theory?
What did J. F. D. Shrewsbury say about the plague theory?
What did J. F. D. Shrewsbury conclude about contemporary accounts of the bubonic plague?
What did Graham Twigg produce in 1984?
Who was the author of the first work to challenge the bubonic plague theory?
What is as important as an identification of symptoms?
Why are researchers hampered by the spread of the plague?
How much do estimates of the population vary between the time of the Domesday Book and 1377?
From whom are estimates of plague victims usually extrapolated?
When was no census undertaken for the spread of the plague in England?
What did the sceptics of the bubonic plague theory argue was not enough to account for a bubonic plague pandemic?
What is the significance of transference via fleas in goods?
Why are fleas not able to survive in northern Europe?
Did the Black Death spread faster or slower than the modern bubonic plague?
How long are major outbreaks of the Black Death separated by?
What did Twigg think the cause of the Y. pestis was?
What did Norman Cantor think the cause of the Y. pestis may have been?
What other diseases can be attributed to the bubonic plague?
What is septicemic?
How many bodies were exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London in 2014?
What is the most widely accepted estimate for the death rate in the Middle East?
How much of Paris's population died from the Black Death?
What did recent scientific investigations of a burial pit in Central London find well-preserved individuals buried in isolated, evenly spaced graves?
What percentage of the population died in crowded cities?
What areas were less vulnerable to contagion?
When did the plague return to Europe and the Mediterranean?
How often did the plague occur in Europe?
How many people did France lose to the plague in the epidemic of 1628-31?
What is the range of preincident population figures in England in 1300?
When did the Black Death subsided?
What percentage of England was affected by the Black Death in 1471?
When did the Great Plague of London end?
How many people died of the plague in Paris in 1466?
The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued into what country?
What was the name of the late outbreak of the plague in central Europe?
What year did the last plague outbreak ravage Oslo?
How many times did the Plague occur in Venice?
How many people died from the plague in Italy in the first half of the 17th century?
How many people were killed by the plague in 1656?
What did the plague of 1649 do to Seville?
What was the name of the war that followed the Great Northern War?
When was Europe's last major epidemic?
When was the Plague present in at least one location in the Islamic world?
How many people did Algiers lose to the Plague in 1620-21?
How long did the Plague remain a major event in Ottoman society?
How much of Baghdad's population has been wiped out by the Plague?
When a rock crystallizes, it is an igneous rock?
What type of rock can a sedimentary rock be turned into?
What is formed when a rock is re-melted?
What are the three major types of rock?
What changes the mineral content of a rock to make it a metamorphic rock?
What was the most important discovery in the 1960s?
What does the Earth's lithosphere include?
What is the upper mantle called?
The oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of what?
When did a series of discoveries show that the Earth's lithosphere is separated into a number of tectonic plates?
What were mid-ocean ridges explained as?
What were arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes explained as?
What resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes?
Whose theory of continental drift is based on plate tectonics?
The theory of plate tectonics is able to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over what?
Seismologists can use the arrival times of what in reverse to image the interior of the Earth?
What is on the top of the layered model of the Earth?
What is below the crust and lithosphere of the Earth?
What have seismologists been able to create detailed images of inside the earth?
What parts of the Earth were separated by seismic discontinuities?
What is the second scale of the geologic time scale?
What is the name of the period with short epochs?
What is the latest epoch?
What does Q stand for?
What relates to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?
If a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, the formations that are cut must be what?
What may help determine whether a fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault?
If a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, the formations that were cut are what?
What is found when foreign bodies are picked up as magma or lava flows?
What are the foreign bodies of xenoliths picked up as?
What is another name for inclusions?
What states that if inclusions are found in a formation, the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them?
What is ripped up and included in a newer layer in sedimentary rocks?
What is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
Who laid out the principles of succession?
What is the principle of faunal succession?
What type of organisms exist at the same time period throughout the world?
Whose theory of evolution was published a hundred years before William Smith's?
When was the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events facilitated?
What could geologists only use to date sections of rock relative to one another?
What could be applied to fossil sequences in which there was datable material?
How could geologists date sections of rock relative to one another?
What could absolute dates be applied to?
What can be used to determine temperature profiles within the crust, the uplift of mountain ranges, and paleotopography?
What is the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice?
What are measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature?
What can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units that do not contain radioactive isotopes?
When rock units are placed under what type of compression, they shorten and become thicker?
Where can brittle deformation occur?
What is the term for folds where the material in the center of the fold buckles upwards?
What is it called when the material in the center of a rock folds downwards?
What are the tops of rock units that remain pointing upwards called?
What causes rock units to become longer and thinner?
What are stretched rocks at the depth of the Grand Canyon called?
Where can the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon be seen over a length of less than a meter?
What happens to rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched?
What causes the rock units to become longer and thinner?
What are long, planar igneous intrusions?
Where do dikes form?
Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of what?
What maintains the topographic gradient in spite of the movement of sediment?
What is often associated with volcanism and igneous activity?
What do the Hawaiian Islands consist of?
What is the oldest known rock in the world?
What have remained in place since Cambrian time?
Since what time have the sedimentary rocks in the Grand Canyon remained in place?
Where is the Acasta gneiss located?
What is petrology?
What is stratigraphy?
What is structural geology?
What do geologists study in many cases?
What do petrologists do in the field?
What are the properties of minerals in plane-polarized and cross-polarized light?
Stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into what?
Where do petrologists identify rock samples?
What type of microscope is used in an optical mineralogy analysis?
Petrologists can perform high temperature and what other physical experiment to understand the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear?
What type of experiments can Petrologists perform to understand the temperature and pressure of different mineral phases?
What type of processes can be extrapolated to the field?
Who use microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists use to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists do to better understand the orientations of faults and folds?
What types of experiments do structural geologists perform?
What are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries?
What are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries?
What is pulled along a lower surface into a back stop?
What happens to the angles of a critically tapered orogenic wedge?
What models work in the same way as analog models?
Who analyzes samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field?
What data do stratigraphers analyze that show the locations of stratigraphic units in the subsurface?
What can be combined with geophysical data to produce a better view of the subsurface?
What do stratigraphers use to combine geophysical data and well logs to produce a better view of the subsurface?
What can stratigraphers locate areas for?
Why do geochronologists date rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Who analyzes rock samples from outcrop and drill cores for the fossils found in them?
Who look for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within the drill cores?
Who dates rocks within the stratigraphic section to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition?
Fielding H. Garrison believes that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to where?
Who was one of the earliest Persian geologists?
Who formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation?
Who wrote about the formation of mountains and the origin of earthquakes?
What was Shen Kuo's hypothesis based on?
Who is often viewed as the first modern geologist?
What was the title of Hutton's paper?
In what year did Hutton publish a two-volume version of his theory?
What was Hutton's theory about the Earth?
Who created the first geological map of the United States?
When was the first geological map of the United States produced?
When did Maclure begin his self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States?
What was the name of Maclure's memoir?
Who published Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map?
What was the name of Sir Charles Lyell's book?
What theory did Principles of Geology promote?
What theory did Principles of Geology promote?
What is the theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events?
Who did Principles of Geology influence?
How far is Newcastle from Edinburgh?
How far is Newcastle from the North Sea?
What European network is Newcastle a member of?
What county was Newcastle a part of until 1400?
What is the regional nickname for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area?
Who was William the Conqueror's eldest son?
What trade grew in Newcastle in the 14th century?
What type of mining did Newcastle become a major mining area for in the 14th century?
When did Newcastle's port develop?
What is the name of the world's most popular half marathon?
What was the first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle?
Pons Aelius was a Roman fort and bridge across what river?
What was the population of Pons Aelius at this time?
What Roman wall is still visible in parts of Newcastle?
What tribes did Hadrian's Wall protect?
What was Newcastle during the Middle Ages?
Who granted Newcastle a new charter in 1589?
How high was the stone wall built around Newcastle in the 13th century?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174?
How many times was Newcastle defended against the Scots in the 14th century?
What did the royal act restrict shipments of from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside?
What was the name of the cartel of Newcastle burgesses?
What does the phrase taking coals to Newcastle mean?
What was Timothy Dexter's nickname?
What did merchants plot to do to Dexter?
Who did the keelmen live with in the Sandgate area?
What were keelmen called?
How many people in Newcastle died of plague in the 1630s?
What percentage of the population of Newcastle died from the plague in 1636?
What was the loss of 47% of the population of Newcastle in 1636?
Who did the North declare for during the English Civil War?
Who captured Newburn in 1644?
What did the Scots roar with when they stormed Newburn in 1644?
What does Fortiter Defendit Triumphans mean?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots?
What did the Industrial Revolution result in?
Who was the largest pottery company in the world in 1817?
Newcastle was one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by what?
What was shipbuilding and heavy engineering central to in the 19th century?
What invention led to the revolution of marine propulsion?
What type of street layout does Newcastle still have?
What is another name for 'chares'?
What remains intact from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre?
Close, Sandhill and Quayside contain what kind of buildings?
What is the House of Tides?
What is the name of the neoclassical centre in Newcastle?
What did Stuart Maconie describe Newcastle as?
What street was voted England's finest street in 2005?
When was Grainger Town demolished?
What is Eldon Square?
What green space in Newcastle is larger than Hyde Park and Hampstead Heath?
What do the freemen of Newcastle have the right to do on the Town Moor?
What is the largest travelling funfair in Europe?
When is the Hoppings funfair held?
Who has the right to graze cattle on the Town Moor?
What has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments?
Who commissioned the Gateshead Millennium Bridge?
Who designed The Sage Gateshead music centre?
What is the purpose of the banner "NewcastleGateshead"?
How many days did the Bambuco Bridge last?
What is the historic heart of Newcastle?
When was Grainger Town built?
How high are the buildings in Grainger Town?
How many of Grainger Town's 450 buildings are listed?
What was the original name of the market that was replaced by the Grainger Market?
When was the Grainger Market opened?
How many guests attended the grand dinner at the Grainger Market?
What does the Laing Art Gallery have of the opening of the Grainger Market?
Who listed the Grainger Market architecture in 1954?
What is the climate of Newcastle?
What is the influence of the Gulf Stream?
What is the weather like in the North Pennines?
In what month and year did the temperature in Newcastle drop to 12.6 °F?
Newcastle has milder winters and cooler summers than what other area?
In what year was Newcastle positioned ninth in the retail centre expenditure league of the UK?
What is the largest shopping complex in the city centre?
What is often cited as the world's first department store?
How did the Bainbridge's official ledgers report revenue?
In what year was the new bus station opened?
What type of destination is Grainger Street?
What type of shopping areas are Gosforth and Byker?
What is the largest store in the UK?
What is the largest indoor shopping center in Europe?
Where is the MetroCentre located?
What was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly?
What were Tyneside flats built as?
Where did a new development recreate the Tyneside flats?
What was Cany Ash's profession?
What were Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula attracted to?
What was the percentage of detached homes in the 2010 Census?
What was the percentage of converted or shared houses in 2011?
What type of markets are Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tunbridge Wells?
Who is one of few to see the proportion of detached homes rise in the 2010 Census?
What is the name of the local authority that has the highest proportion of detached homes?
In what year did the UK Government return the census information for the city of Newcastle?
What type of borough is Newcastle?
Jesmond and Heaton are examples of what type of population?
What type of schools are located in the local area of Newcastle?
Jesmond and Heaton are areas with predominant what?
What is the average age of people living in Newcastle?
Many people in Newcastle have Scottish or Irish ancestors?
Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Kerr, Hall, Nixon, Little and Robson are examples of what surname?
How many Bolivians live in Newcastle?
What percentage of Newcastle's population is Bolivian?
What is the dialect of Newcastle known as?
Who migrated to and conquered much of England after the end of Roman Imperial rule?
What does the Geordie dialect retain?
What word is pronounced "deed" in the Geordie dialect?
What does Burn mean?
Where do the Geordie words "Bairn" and "hyem" originate from?
Where are some words used in the Geordie dialect used?
What language do the words "bonny" and "stot" appear to be used in?
What are exclusively used in Newcastle and the surrounding area?
What language do the words "hoy" and "hoy" originate from?
What did the Ear Institute publish in February 2007?
What was Newcastle named as in the 2007 Ear Institute report?
What was Newcastle's average decibel level in 2007?
What type of impact did the report claim the noise levels would have on the health of the city's residents?
What did the report criticized for attaching too much weight to readings?
What is the name of the popular area for nightlife in Newcastle?
What type of complex is "The Gate"?
How many screens does the Empire multiplex cinema have?
What is the name of Newcastle's gay scene?
What is in the Pink Triangle?
What does Newcastle have a proud history of?
Who managed the original Theatre Royal, Newcastle?
What did Stephen Kemble guide the theatre through?
In what year was the original Theatre Royal opened?
What street was the replacement for the Theatre Royal built on?
What does the city still contain?
What is the largest theatre in Newcastle?
The Theatre Royal has hosted a season of performances from what company for over 25 years?
What does the Mill Volvo Tyne Theatre host?
What was NewcastleGateshead voted to be in 2006?
What is the largest independent library outside London?
How many CDs does the Lit and Phil library contain?
Who designed the building of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne?
What was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
Who was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
What festival takes place in April?
In what month is the North East Art Expo held?
How often is the AV Festival held?
What is the name of the NewcastleGateshead food and drink festival?
How many weeks does EAT! NewcastleGateshead last?
What is the name of the largest travelling fair in Europe?
When does the Northern Rock Cyclone take place?
The Hoppings has its origins in what movement?
What is the Northern Rock Cyclone?
What festival is held in Leazes Park?
What is the name of the two-day multicultural event held on the late August bank holiday weekend?
Where is the 2009 International Arts Fair held?
What is the name of the annual festival held in October?
What type of cultural festival is the SAMA Festival?
Where is the International Arts Fair held?
What type of band is Lindisfarne?
When was the song "Fog on the Tyne" released?
What band was considered to be the originators of black metal?
What was the name of the first folk metal band formed in Newcastle?
Andy Taylor was the lead guitarist of what band?
When was the Pilgrim Street building refurbished?
Where was the Tyneside Cinema relocated to?
How many cinemas are in the Tyneside Cinema?
What is the name of the United Kingdom's last surviving news cinema?
What part of the building contains the Tyneside Bar?
What is the name of the science village in Newcastle?
What does the Discovery Museum focus on?
What type of heritage is displayed in the Discovery Museum?
In what year did the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities merge with the Great North Museum?
What is the name of the museum dedicated to children's books?
What was the earliest known movie featuring exterior scenes filmed in Newcastle?
What was the name of the 1971 film filmed in Newcastle?
What type of film was Stormy Monday?
Who directed Stormy Monday?
Who starred in Stormy Monday?
Where is Newcastle's horse racing course?
What is the most successful team in the history of the British Basketball League?
What is the name of the city's speedway team?
Where are the Newcastle Diamonds based?
What is the name of the road race from Newcastle to Blaydon?
How far is Newcastle International Airport from the city centre?
What system connects Newcastle International Airport to the city?
How long does it take to travel from Newcastle International Airport to the city centre?
How many passengers does Newcastle International Airport handle per year?
How many destinations are available worldwide as of 2007?
What type of architecture was enhanced at the station in 2014?
How many Grade One railway stations are there in the UK?
Who opened the station in 1850?
Who collaborated with John Dobson to create the neoclassical facade of Manors railway station?
What is the name of the city's mainline station?
How often does Virgin Trains East Coast provide trains to London King's Cross?
How long is the journey to London King's Cross?
Where do Virgin Trains East Coast trains call in Scotland?
What train service serves destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands and the South West?
Who provides local and regional services?
What is the name of the system of suburban and underground railways covering much of Tyne and Wear?
How many phases did the Tyne and Wear Metro open?
What type of tunnels were built through Newcastle's city centre?
What was built across the Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead?
How many passengers does the Tyne and Wear Metro carry a year?
What is the name of the period of refurbishment and modernization of the Metro system?
What is the transition to?
What are being overhauled?
What is the longer term plan for the Metro system?
What would some of the proposed routes require instead of light rail trains?
What is the name of the major road in the area?
What road heads past Newcastle Airport and up through central Northumberland and central Scottish Borders?
What road heads south to Gateshead, Chester-le-Street, Durham and Darlington?
What was renumbered between the Western Bypass and the A1's former alignment through the Tyne Tunnel?
What was increased in November 2011?
How many main bus companies are there in Newcastle?
How many major bus stations are in the city?
Which bus company is the primary operator in the city proper?
Who coordinates the bus services in Newcastle upon Tyne and the surrounding boroughs?
Which bus company provides the majority of services south of the river in Gateshead, South Tyneside, Sunderland, and County Durham?
When did Newcastle first develop its cycling strategy?
What are Newcastle's social aims for cycling?
What type of life does cycling promote?
How many ways are contraflows implemented on Newcastle's streets?
What does Newcastle link the local networks to?
What company runs a ferry service to IJmuiden?
When did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg end?
What was the cause of the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg?
When was the ferry service to Bergen and Stavanger terminated?
What cruise line has included Newcastle as a departure port on its Norwegian and Fjords cruises?
How many LEA-funded schools are in Newcastle?
How many independent schools are in Newcastle?
What is the largest co-ed independent school in Newcastle?
What is the largest general further education college in the North East?
What religion is St. Mary's Comprehensive School?
How many universities does Newcastle have?
What is one of the UK's leading international universities?
What award did Newcastle University win in 2000?
What is the UK-wide process in which polytechnics became new universities?
What university was voted 'Best New University' by The Times Good University Guide in 2005?
How many cathedrals are in Newcastle?
What year was the Anglican St. Nicholas tower built?
What type of cathedral is located in Fenham?
What is the name of the only parish church in the Church of England without a parish?
What did the three cathedrals in Newcastle begin as?
What is traditionally recognised as the oldest church in this town?
When was the last addition to the Parish Church of St Andrew?
What was the last addition to the Parish Church of St Andrew?
The Parish Church of St Andrew is surrounded by the last of what to retain its original character?
What received a battering during the Siege of Newcastle?
Where was ITV Tyne Tees based for over 40 years?
Where did ITV Tyne Tees move to in 2005?
What gave the name to the 1980s music television program, The Tube?
Why is the Pink Palace known as the Pink Palace?
What is the name of the local radio station that ITV Tyne Tees broadcasts from the Pink Palace?
What was the first full-time community radio station in the area?
What radio station is run by students from both of the city's universities?
How long has Radio Tyneside been the voluntary hospital radio service for most hospitals across Newcastle and Gateshead?
What radio station is based at the Great North Children's Hospital?
Where does Newcastle Student Radio broadcast?
When did Charles Avison die?
What was Basil Hume's profession?
Who was the father of the modern steam railways?
What was Sir Joseph Swan the inventor of?
What country was Abhisit Vejjajiva a Prime Minister of?
What school did Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch attend?
Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer were what?
What award did Peter Higgs win?
What is the most characteristic musical instrument in the region?
Where were Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer born?
Where is the V&A located?
How many objects are in the Victoria and Albert Museum?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
What is the Victoria and Albert Museum named?
Where is the V&A located?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
Who is the Victoria and Albert Museum named after?
Who sponsors the Victoria and Albert Museum?
In what year did the Victoria and Albert Museum become free?
How many acres is the V&A?
How many galleries does the V&A have?
How many years of art does the V&A have?
The V&A's collection spans 5,000 years from ancient times to the present day from which cultures?
The V&A owns the world's largest collection of what?
What was the origin of the V&A?
Who was the first director of the V&A?
What was the original name of the V&A?
Where was the Museum of Manufactures moved to?
Who produced a design for the V&A in 1855?
Who was the official opening of the British Museum in 1857?
When was the official opening of the British Museum?
Who was the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection?
What was introduced in 1857?
When did the Royal College of Art achieve full independence?
When was the Britain Can Make It exhibition held?
How many visitors did the Britain Can Make It exhibition attract?
The success of the Britain Can Make It exhibition led to the planning of what?
The success of the Britain Can Make It exhibition led to the planning of what?
In what year were most of the collections returned to the museum?
What type of event did the V&A present in 1973?
What was the name of the band that performed at the V&A in 1973?
Who was the director of the V&A in 1973?
Gryphon explored the lineage of what?
The V&A is in discussion with the University of what city?
What is the estimated cost of the V&A Dundee gallery?
Where will the V&A Dundee be located?
What is the V&A Dundee intended to focus on?
When is the V&A Dundee planned to open?
What was occupied by the "Brompton Boilers"?
What was the first building to be erected that still forms part of the V&A Museum of Childhood?
Who was the architect of the Sheepshanks Gallery?
What is the name of the Wing that is not open to the public?
What is in the Secretariat Wing?
What were the names of the galleries that were completed in 1863?
What style was used for the north range of the museum?
Who designed the bronze doors on the north facade of the museum?
Who was a famous astronomer in the museum?
What painting was depicted on the north facade of the museum?
Who designed the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the stained-glass windows in the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the Centre Refreshment Room 1865-77?
Who designed and sculpted the marble fireplace?
Who designed the Grill Room 1876-81?
Who was the next architect to work at the museum?
What is the name of the building designed by Henry Young Darracott Scott?
What was the staircase made from?
What is housed at the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA Drawings and Archives Collections) and the Royal Institute of British Architects?
When did the Sackler Centre for arts education open?
What was used to decorate the east side of the building designed by F. W. Moody?
Who designed the wrought iron gates in 1885?
Where were the Cast Courts located?
What was the final part of the museum designed by Scott?
Who designed the exterior mosaic panels in the parapet of the Art Library?
Who designed the main façade of the museum?
What is the main façade of the Museum built from?
How long is the main façade of the museum?
The tower above the main entrance has an open work crown surmounted by what?
What is interspersed with statues of many of the British artists whose work is displayed in the museum?
Who sculpted the Queen Victoria's arches?
How many levels of galleries do the facades surround?
Who sculpted the Queen Victoria's arches?
What material is used in the entrance hall and flanking staircases?
Who is above the frame around the arches and entrance?
What was the first major building work in the post-war period?
What wing was acquired from the Royal College of Science in 1974?
What was constructed on the site of the former boiler house?
Who designed the iron gates in the new entrance building?
What was the intended site of the new entrance building?
What gallery was redesigned in 2002?
What was restored in the sculpture gallery in 2006?
What was the name of the redesign of the British Galleries?
What is the name of the tube station in the museum?
Who designed the new Cafe?
Who redesigned the John Madejski Garden?
What was the name of the central garden that was redesigned by Kim Wilkie?
What type of water feature is in the John Madejski Garden?
What can the elliptical water feature be used for?
What tree is planted in the two corners of the north facade of the John Madejski Garden?
In what year did the V&A open its first permanent gallery in the UK?
Who opened the first permanent gallery in the UK in 2004?
How many drawings are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
What collection has been transferred to the V&A?
How many photographs are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
Whose drawings are the largest in the world?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the Royal Institute's collection?
How many drawings by Andrea Palladio are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Where is Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600?
Leaded windows were a rare survivor of what fire?
When is Sir Paul Pindar's house dated?
Where is the dormer window dated 1523-35 from?
What is the name of the column in the main architecture gallery?
How many items are on display at the V&A?
When did the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art open?
What is the centrepiece of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art contains objects from what country?
When was the Salting Bequest?
How many objects are in the Museum's South and South-East Asian art collection?
How many textiles are in the Museum's collection?
How many paintings are in the Museum's South and South-East Asian art collection?
When did the Jawaharlal Nehru gallery open?
What is the name of the Indian art gallery that opened in 1991?
How many works of art are in the Far Eastern collections?
What countries are featured in the Far Eastern collections?
What is the name of the Chinese art gallery that opened in 1991?
When did the T. T. Tsui Gallery open?
What dynasties are most of the art on display in the T. T. Tsui Gallery?
What Japanese gallery opened in December 1986?
When did the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art open?
In what century was Amida Nyorai sculpted?
The majority of the exhibits at the Toshiba gallery date from what time period?
What material is Suzuki Chokichi's incense burner made of?
During what time period is Tibetan art displayed?
What country's art is on display?
What type of sculptures are on display?
What are the gleaming boxes inlaid with?
What type of combs are on display in Thailand?
Whose note books are in the Codex Forster?
What are the three manuscripts in the Codex Forster?
How many books did Alexander Dyce leave to the museum in 1869?
In what year did Alexander Dyce leave the Codex for the museum?
In what year was the Codex Forster bequeathed to the museum?
Who is one of the writers whose papers are in the library?
Who is one of the writers whose papers are in the library?
When are the manuscripts in the library dated?
What is the Armagnac manuscript a part of?
Who illuminated the 1524 Charter?
What is another name for the National Art Library?
What was the name of the computer system used at the Victoria and Albert Museum?
What does EAD stand for?
What is one reason most of the items in the Victoria and Albert Museum's collection don't show up in the computer system?
What is the name of the feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum website?
When did a large scale digitization project begin in the Victoria and Albert Museum's Word and Image Department?
What was the name of the project to digitize the Victoria and Albert Museum's collection?
Who did the Factory Project reference?
How many images were taken during the first year of the Factory Project?
What is the second step of the Factory Project?
Who purchased or commissioned European artists?
From what country are porcelain, cloth, and wallpaper imported?
Who is one of the designers whose work is on display in the galleries?
Who was a major influence on the Gothic Revival?
What Asian imports are on display in the galleries?
What led to the production of tea paraphernalia?
In the Georgian era, what was the emphasis on?
Who led the Arts and Crafts movement?
What led to entrepreneurs such as Josiah Wedgwood, Matthew Boulton and Eleanor Coade?
John Ruskin's backlash against industrialization led to what movement?
What is the full-scale replica of in the Cast Courts?
How is the replica of Trajan's Column cut?
What is the full-size replica of in the Cast Courts?
What are the plaster casts of in the Cast Courts?
Where is the Verrocchio replica displayed?
When was the Meissen Vulture created?
Who designed the Möllendorff Dinner Service?
When was the Möllendorff Dinner Service designed?
When was the Salting Bequest made?
The Salting Bequest enriched the museum's stock of what?
Who are some of the famous potters in the Delftware collection?
Where is the Delftware collection located?
What are the largest objects in the Delftware collection?
When were the ceramic stoves in the Delftware collection made?
Where are the largest ceramic stoves from the 16th and 17th centuries made?
How many years of glassmaking is there in the British Galleries?
How many items are in the glass collection?
Where does the earliest glassware in the British Galleries come from?
Who represents the Art Deco style of glass in the British Galleries?
Who made Art Nouveau glass in the British Galleries?
When was the main gallery redesigned?
Who created the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine?
When did the contemporary glass gallery open?
Who created the chandelier in the rotunda at the Museum's main entrance?
In what century was the Luck of Edenhall glass beaker?
How many British drawings are in the collection?
How many old master works are in the collection?
Who is one of the artists represented in the collection of drawings?
Who was a notable artist in the collection?
Who is one of the artists represented in the collection of drawings?
How many outfits are in the V&A's costume collection?
What department holds costumes on paper?
Why is the V&A's costume collection dominated by fashionable clothes?
When did the V&A receive the Talbot Hughes collection?
Who gave the Talbot Hughes collection to the V&A?
In what year did the Museum acquire the Costiff collection of Vivienne Westwood costumes?
Whose costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
How many Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
What collection of Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
What type of fashion does the Museum continue to acquire to add to its collection?
The Soulages collection includes cassone, cassone, and what other type of objects?
When was the Soulages collection acquired?
What is in the John Jones Collection?
When was the John Jones Collection left to the museum?
What was the value of the John Jones Collection?
When were the doors in the Antwerp City Hall dated?
Who are the inlaid doors dated 1580 from Antwerp City Hall attributed to?
When is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated?
Where is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet from?
Who are some modernists in the Antwerp collection?
How many items are in the museum's jewellery collection?
From what time period are the pieces in the Museum's jewellery collection dated?
When was Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of 154 gems bequeathed?
How many gems were in Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection?
Who funded the new jewellery gallery?
What categories are the silver and gold items in the Hereford Cathedral collection divided into?
When is the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark dated?
How many tonnes is the Hereford Screen?
Who designed the Hereford Screen?
How many objects are made from silver or gold in the Hereford Cathedral collection?
When is the Gloucester Candlestick dated?
What is the Gloucester Candlestick made from?
Whose relics are in the Becket Casket?
When is the Becket Casket dated?
What is the Becket Casket made from?
How many people petitioned for the closure of the Musical Instruments gallery?
Who said the museum intended to preserve and care for the collection and keep it available to the public?
What museum hosted a joint exhibition with the V&A of musical instruments?
How many instruments did the Horniman Museum borrow from the V&A?
In what year did the Musical Instruments gallery close?
How many British paintings are in the museum?
How many European oil paintings are in the museum?
How many British watercolours are in the museum?
Who loaned the Raphael Cartoons to the museum?
Who painted the retable of St George?
In what year did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
How many paintings did John Sheepshanks donate to the museum in 1857?
John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings and drawings to the museum with the intention of what?
What was the name of the 1821 full size oil sketch for?
What nationality were the artists in the paintings that John Sheepshanks donated?
What type of art are the paintings and miniatures of François Clouet and Gaspard Dughet displayed in?
Who was François Boucher's portrait of dated 1758?
What is an example of a French painting that was not part of the Jones bequest?
Who was the portrait of by François Clouet?
Who took the photographs of Animal Locomotion?
In what year did Eadweard Muybridge photograph Animal Locomotion?
How many plates are in Eadweard Muybridge's Animal Locomotion collection?
What do the photographs of Animal Locomotion capture?
Whose society portraits are in the museum?
The V&A has the most comprehensive holding of what type of sculpture in the world?
How many objects are in the V&A's sculpture collection?
What period does the V&A's sculpture collection cover?
How many uses of sculpture are represented in the V&A?
Who owns the collection of Canova's The Three Graces?
What are the names of Bernini's works?
What is the largest item from Italy?
Who designed the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence?
When is the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence dated?
How many works are in Rodin's museum collection?
Rodin is one of the largest collections of who's work outside of France?
When were Rodin's works given to the museum?
What war did Britain support France in?
What statue was purchased in 1902 by public subscription?
Who is one of the British sculptors in the British Galleries?
Who is one of the British sculptors in the British Galleries?
Who is one of the British sculptors in the British Galleries?
Nicholas Stone, Caius Gabriel Cibber, Grinling Gibbons, John Michael Rysbrack, Louis-François Roubiliac, Peter Scheemakers, Sir Henry Cheere, Agostino Carlini, Thomas Banks, Joseph Nollekens, Joseph
Who opened the sculpture galleries in 2006?
What year were the works on display at the Hintze galleries extended to?
How are the galleries overlooking the garden arranged?
Whose works are now on display in the Tate Britain galleries?
What museum loaned works by Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein to the Hintze galleries?
How many examples are in the collection of textiles?
What continents are represented in the textile collection?
When is the largest textile collection in the world?
Which continent is most represented in the textile collection?
How are textiles classified?
What is the oldest known European tapestry?
In what century were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
Where were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
What do the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries depict?
Who was the leading English tapestry manufactory in the late 17th century and early 18th century?
When was the Sicilian Tristan Quilt made?
Who designed the textiles in the Sicilian Tristan Quilt?
When was 'The Forest' tapestry created?
Who designed the art deco period rugs?
Who designed a rug from the art deco period?
What was the original name of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries?
When did the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries open?
The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries hold the UK's biggest collection of what since Shakespeare's day?
The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries hold the UK's biggest national collection of material about live performance in the UK since who's day?
What are the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries available for?
What is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections?
What are two examples of the environment the V&A Museum controls?
What type of conservation makes an object more stable, but also more attractive and comprehensible to the viewer?
What museum is a part of the V&A?
What type of conservation involves cleaning and reintegration to strengthen fragile objects?
What company is the Disney Media Networks division of?
In what year was ABC stylized as abc?
Where is the American Broadcasting Company headquartered?
Where is the American Broadcasting Company headquartered?
What division of The Walt Disney Company is the Disney-ABC Television Group a subsidiary of?
When did ABC first launch?
What was ABC's original purpose?
When did ABC begin operations on television?
What cable network did ABC buy in the 1980s?
What was the name of ABC's parent company in the 1980s?
How many affiliated television stations are there in the United States?
Who bought ABC Radio in 2007?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
Who imposes simultaneous substitution regulations?
Who bought ABC Radio in 2007?
Who owned the National Broadcasting Company?
What were the names of the two radio networks owned by RCA?
What cities did NBC Red serve?
What was NBC Blue intended to test?
What was the name of the radio network owned by RCA?
Who filed a complaint with the FCC in 1934?
In what year did the FCC begin a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks?
In what year did the FCC publish its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs?
What was the principal radio network in the United States at the time?
What was RCA using to eliminate any hint of competition?
Who gave RCA the mandate to sell NBC Blue?
What did RCA convert into an independent subsidiary?
What investment firm offered to buy NBC Blue?
Who was the president of RCA?
How much did Dillon, Read & Co. offer to buy NBC Blue?
What did Edward John Noble own?
When did the FCC authorize the purchase of the Blue Network?
Who bought the rights to the American Broadcasting Company?
What position did Woods hold at ABC until 1949?
When did Woods leave ABC?
What did ABC use to pre-record its programming?
Who conducted symphony performances on ABC?
What network aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman?
Who was a big name that ABC aired when NBC and CBS did not allow pre-taped shows?
What was NBC Blue's tradition?
How much did Disney sell its 33% stake in Eurosport in June 2000?
What was the name of the free-to-air channel in the UK owned by the ABC Group?
When did Disney discontinue ABC1?
What was the name of Disney's attempt to develop an international network?
Where is ABC broadcast?
In what year was the rerun of ABC's programs completed with program syndication?
What ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries?
What countries did ABC sell its interests in in the 1970s?
What did many governments want to strengthen?
What was ABC's first international activity?
Where did Goldenson invest in broadcasting properties in the 1960s?
What was the name of the Japanese network that Goldenson invested in in 1951?
What was one of the reasons CBS and NBC were unable to cover the coronation live?
What caused CBS and NBC to be unable to cover the coronation live?
What type of television specials has ABC owned the television rights to since 2000?
What is the name of the Emmy Awards?
In what year did CBS begin broadcasting Peanuts specials?
ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to what award?
What is the name of the Peanuts special that ABC broadcasts annually?
Since what year has ABC aired Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve?
Who was Dick Clark's successor?
In what year did the Miss America pageant begin?
Where did Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve countdown take place?
What cable channel aired the Miss America pageant in 2006?
What is the longest-running entertainment program in the history of ABC?
In what year did CBS cancel The Edge of Night?
What was the name of the Procter & Gamble soap opera?
What are the names of ABC's daytime talk shows?
In what year did General Hospital first air?
What weekend events does ABC air?
In what year did ESPN take over ABC's sports division?
When is sports programming available on ABC on weekend afternoons?
What team does ABC air on Sundays?
What two events does ABC air highlight compilations for in the summer?
Who was ABC's vice-president of engineering in 1947?
What were the low-band VHF frequencies corresponding to?
In what year did ABC submit five applications for television station licenses?
What channel did ABC want to broadcast on?
How many television stations were there before the freeze ended in 1952?
How many television stations did Boston have?
What was ABC's third rival at the time?
What two networks did ABC have less coverage of in the fall of 1949?
Who forced United Paramount Theatres to become an independent entity?
What company did United Paramount Theatres separate from?
How many full-time affiliates did ABC have?
Who did a rumor say ABC would be sold to in 1951?
Who loaned Noble $5 million to prevent ABC from going bankrupt?
Who was the president of UPT in 1951?
Who was the founder of CBS?
On what date did the UPT board approve the purchase of ABC?
When did the FCC release its Sixth Report and Order?
When did the FCC approve the purchase of ABC?
What was the name of the merged company?
Where was the headquarters of American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. located?
When did WJZ-TV sign on the air?
When did the FCC freeze on new station applications?
Where was the transmitter for KECA-TV located?
What was the name of the station that ABC proposed to convert 20 acres of land into?
When did ABC premiere The Flintstones?
What decade was marked by the rise of family-oriented series?
Who were the creators of The Flintstones?
What decade was marked by the rise of family-oriented series?
In what year did Walt Disney Productions purchase ABC's shares in the Disneyland theme park?
Who approached Walt Disney to produce color broadcasts of his anthology series?
When did ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents expire?
In what year did ABC resume its relationship with Disney?
What was the name of the ABC logo?
Who did ABC hire to design and produce its 2001-02 identity?
What color did ABC use in its 2001-02 logo?
What was the circle logo also known as?
Who designed the ABC Circle logo?
In what year was ABC stopped with its 1998-2002 four-note jingles?
What was the four-note theme tune based on?
Where is the old four-note theme tune still used?
When did the ABC logo first appear as a bug?
When did the ABC logo begin to appear throughout programs?
In what year did the ABC logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background?
What was the slogan on the ABC logo?
When was the first ABC ID card to have a three-dimensional appearance?
What color was the bubble on the 1977 ID sequence?
What color was the bubble on the black background?
Who designed the ABC logo in 1962?
What typeface did Herbert Bayer design?
Who designed the Bauhaus typeface?
When did the new ABC logo debut?
What was rumors that Disney-ABC was considering a sale of?
When did ABC announce the restructuring of the group into six divisions?
How many divisions did ABC announce on October 19, 2005?
In what year did ABC's average viewership decline by ten ratings points?
What was the name of ABC's new series during the 2004-05 season?
Who was named president of ABC parent Disney-ABC Television Group?
ABC Sports and ESPN signed an eight-year broadcast rights agreement with what organization?
In what year did The Bachelor debut?
Who was the Chairman/CEO of Disney in 2002?
What was the name of ABC's first reality show?
What was the name of the spinoff of The Bachelor?
Who removed ABC stations from the cable provider's systems on April 30, 2000?
Who was the most-watched network in the 2000-01 season?
Who was the most-watched network in the 2000-01 season?
When did Time Warner Cable restore ABC's stations?
In what year did Sabrina move to The WB?
Sabrina, the Teenage Witch moved to what network in September 2000?
Which network lost Family Matters and Step by Step?
When was Who Wants to Be a Millionaire premiered?
Who hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
What network relaunched Millionaire in 2002?
Who was the original host of Millionaire?
When did the Walt Disney Company announce an agreement to merge with Capital Cities/ABC?
What did Disney rename its new subsidiary after the merger?
Who bought the four newspapers that ABC had controlled under Capital Cities?
Who took over for Thomas S. Murphy after the merger?
What was the name of the sitcom created by Aaron Sorkin?
When did color become the dominant format for the three broadcast television networks?
What was ABC's position in the 1965-66 season?
What book did Goldenson write in 1991?
When did ABC's New York City flagship stations change their callsigns?
Where did ABC's New York City flagship stations move their operations to?
Where was WJZ originally established?
Who was appointed president of ABC in 1950?
What was the name of the network that was mired in financial trouble?
What was the new name of the DuMont Television Network?
How much money would DuMont receive as a result of the merger?
What company was UPT a subsidiary of?
What was the name of ABC's flagship production at the time?
What was the longest-running prime time comedy in U.S. television history?
What movie was adapted from the 1947 film Wyoming Kid?
What was the name of the 1954 film The Boy from Oklahoma?
Who was the most iconic of ABC's relationships with Hollywood producers?
What was the name of the wheel series that aired during the 1955-56 season?
Who was Walt Disney's brother?
How much did Disney want ABC to invest in the Disneyland project?
When did ABC agree to finance Disneyland?
What park did ABC agree to finance in 1954?
Who spearheaded ABC Radio's special programming project?
Who was the president of ABC Radio in 1968?
What was the name of the new format that ABC launched in 1968?
How many owned-and-operated FM stations did ABC have in 1968?
In what year did ABC launch the Movie of the Week?
What was Steven Spielberg's 1971 film called?
When was Spielberg's Duel released?
What was the average budget for a movie produced by Steven Spielberg?
When did ABC complete its transition to color?
What network completed its transition to color in the 1970s?
What did ABC begin to use to determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising slots to?
What was the name of the NFL's premier game of the week in 1970?
What year did Sunday Night Football move to NBC?
What network did MNF move to in 2006?
What was the audience share of Monday Night Football?
When did the FCC vote to pass the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
In what year was ABC Films split into two companies?
What was the name of the company that produced and distributed programming for U.S. syndication?
What did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act ban?
When did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act take effect?
Who sold ABC Great States in 1974?
Who was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC in 1972?
When did Michael Eisner join ABC?
What was the name of the show that Michael Eisner helped bring about ideas for?
What was Michael Eisner's main credit at ABC?
What company did Michael Eisner become president of in 1976?
Who convinced Fred Silverman to become the first president of ABC Entertainment?
Who was the first director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
What detective series did ABC premiere in 1974?
When did Good Morning America debut?
What position did Silverman hold after leaving ABC?
What was the name of the spin-off of Happy Days?
What was the name of the trend that featured attractive, often buxom, women in main and guest roles?
Who wrote the book Roots was based on?
Who produced The Love Boat?
How long did The Love Boat last?
When did Roots, Happy Days, and The Love Boat take first place in the ratings?
What was the name of the first television series to feature an openly gay main character?
Who was the president of ABC News in 1977?
Roone Arledge was president of what division in 1977?
What is the nickname given to ABC's new building in New York City?
When were ABC's new building and the 15-story building completed?
When was 20/20 created?
Who was appointed as the anchor of 20/20?
Who was Hugh Downs' former Today colleague?
Who did ABC sell its recording division to in 1979?
What was the name of ABC's 24-hour news channel?
What was the name of ABC Cable News?
What was the name of the Flint, Michigan affiliate that ABC bought in 1994?
What was the name of the Toledo, Ohio affiliate that ABC bought in 1994?
Who halted production of network programs for much of the 2007-08 season?
What was one of ABC's strike-replacement programs?
Who started the rumors that Disney would be selling ABC stations?
What was the name of the division that was responsible for production and broadcasting operations?
What was the name of the new division that Disney-ABC Television Group merged into in 2009?
What did Citadel Communications rename ABC Radio to?
On December 22, 2009, Disney-ABC Television Group announced a partnership with Apple to make individual episodes of ABC and Disney Channel available for purchase on what device?
In what year did the network begin to run into trouble in the ratings?
In what year did the sixth and final season of Lost begin?
When was Ugly Betty moved to?
What day of the week was Ugly Betty moved to?
When did the FCC impose its fin-syn rules?
What was the name of ABC's syndication distributor?
What was the name of ABC's production company?
Who did Worldvision sell the Ruby-Spears and Hanna-Barbera libraries to in 1990?
What is the former name of Buena Vista Television?
What was Disney-ABC Domestic Television formerly known as?
What was Disney-ABC International Television formerly known as?
What is the name of the library that is located in the Cinerama Productions/Palomar theatrical library?
What are the first two stations to carry ABC's programming?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
How many additional television stations does ABC have?
What is the national reach of ABC?
When was the first ABC logo introduced?
What was the ABC-UPT merger based on?
In what year did ABC begin its first color broadcasts?
In what year was Supernanny cancelled?
What was the only remaining program on ABC's schedule that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition?
What format is Litton's Weekend Aventure broadcast in?
What was the first children's program block on any U.S. broadcast network to feature programs available in HD?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
In what format do most Hearst Television stations transmit ABC's programming?
How many affiliates owned by various companies carry ABC's programming in 480i standard definition?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
What was the name of the forensic investigation drama that was renewed for a second season?
What was the name of the late-season premiere that earned a second season for ABC?
Who did ABC outrate for third place in the 2010-11 season?
What was the name of ABC's only drama renewal?
Which ABC soap operas were canceled in 2011?
Who bought the rights to All My Children and One Life to Live?
What network revived the soap operas in 2013?
What was the name of the talk/lifestyle show that replaced One Life to Live?
What demographic did ABC drop to in the 2011-12 season?
In what year did NBC finish in first place in the 18-49 demographic?
Which network was second in total viewership in the 2013-14 season?
The Goldbergs, Resurrection, and The Goldbergs were all new hits for which ABC show?
What was the name of the show that was cancelled in the 2013-14 season?
What were the names of the two family sitcoms that anchored ABC's revamped Wednesday lineup?
Shark Tank was based on what reality show?
Shark Tank became a midseason sleeper hit on what day of the week?
Who starred in Last Man Standing?
Who left Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994?
Who took over as president of ABC in 1994?
What was the name of the gritty police procedural from Steven Bochco?
Who created Doogie Howser, M.D.?
How many seasons did NYPD Blue last?
When did the FCC repeal the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
What was the name of the French animation studio purchased by Capital Cities?
Who did Capital Cities/ABC sign an agreement with to carry its owned-and-operated television stations on the provider's systems in ABC O&O markets?
What was ABC's total viewership share in 1993?
What was the name of the Chicago radio station that ABC purchased in 1960?
On what date did WLS launch a new lineup consisting of ABC Radio programming?
Who was trying to establish a television station in Toronto in 1960?
Leonard Goldenson agreed to acquire a 25% interest in what station?
What was the name of the anthology series created by Edgar Scherick?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
Who produced Wide World of Sports?
What was the name of the company that created Wide World of Sports?
What was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres renamed to in 1965?
What was the name of ABC's first blind date show?
What was the name of the series that featured three recently married couples who guessed the answers to their partner's questions?
Where was the new headquarters for ABC located?
How much of the US's prime-time television viewership was ABC in 1980?
What was the name of Aaron Spelling's opulent drama?
What was the name of the Happy Days spinoff?
What was the name of ABC's joint venture with the Hearst Corporation?
Who did ABC sell KXYZ to in 1983?
Who did ABC arrange to acquire an 80% stake in ESPN?
What did ABC and Hearst merge into a single cable channel called Arts & Entertainment Television?
What did ABC and Hearst merge ARTS and The Entertainment Channel into?
Who was Thomas S. Murphy delegated to in 1990?
What was Thomas S. Murphy's position on ABC in 1990?
What was ABC's revenue in 1990?
What is the longest-running prime time entertainment program in the network's history?
What was the name of the sitcom that ABC premiered in September 1991?
What soap opera is featured on ABC's daytime programming?
What are the names of ABC's talk/lifestyle shows?
When does Good Morning America air?
What is the name of the weeknight talk show on ABC?
What are the only states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate?
What is the name of the low power ABC station in Birmingham, Alabama?
What is the name of the low power ABC station in South Bend, Indiana?
What is the name of the low power ABC station in Lima, Ohio?
What was the name of ABC's television production company in 1962?
What was Touchstone reorganized as in February 2007?
What is the current name of ABC's two main production facilities?
What is the name of the set of studios located throughout New York City?
What is the name of the studio owned by ABC?
What stations are broadcast from the Times Square Studios?
What was the name of the block of West End Avenue where ABC News is located renamed in 2006?
What ABC News anchor was renamed Peter Jennings Way in 2006?
What is the name of ABC's VOD service?
What network is the Walt Disney Company a part-owner of?
When did Hulu first offer full-length episodes of ABC's programming?
What percentage of Hulu is owned by Disney?
When are most recent episodes of ABC's shows made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand?
How many days after the original broadcast is the most recent episode of any ABC program available on Hulu and WATCH ABC?
What does ABC on Demand disallow?
When did Disney-ABC Television Group restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu and WATCH ABC?
What design agency revamped ABC's identity?
How many variants are used selectively in advertising and by affiliates?
What typeface was inspired by the ABC logo?
What network uses a red version of the ABC logo?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have in 1954?
How many affiliates carried the majority of CBS programs in 1954?
What act mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning?
What did the All-Channel Receiver Act mandate?
Where was WKST-TV located?
How much lower was the viewership of ABC programming than its competitors?
What station in Wheeling, West Virginia began airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel in the 2000s?
When did the advent of digital television in the 2000s allow stations to begin airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel?
What was the name of the Disney anthology show that became disassociated with the theme park of the same name?
Who pitched the detective series The Untouchables to CBS?
Why did CBS reject The Untouchables?
When did ABC debut The Untouchables?
What was the name of ABC's film series that debuted a year behind its competitors?
What was ABC's total revenue in 1962?
Who created The Jetsons?
What was the name of the first television series to be broadcast in color on ABC?
When did General Hospital first appear on ABC?
What company did Goldenson announce a merger with in 1965?
Who was the head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice?
Who filed a complaint in July 1967?
On what date was the merger canceled?
What company was Thomas S. Murphy chief executive officer of in 1984?
How much did Capital Cities pay for ABC?
Who loaned the remaining $500 million to Capital Cities?
Who did ABC sell WXYZ-TV and WFTS-TV to?
What was the maximum number of television stations broadcasters could own?
When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities receive federal approval?
What was the combined company known as after the merger?
What position did Frederick S. Pierce hold?
Who became vice president of ABC Broadcasting?
Who became president of ABC News and ABC Sports?
What ABC show ended its run in 1983?
What ABC show ended its run in 1984?
Who regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984?
What ABC show ended its run in 1986?
What did ABC refocus itself on in the mid-1980s?
What was the name of ABC's Family Matters block?
What was the name of the "TGIF" block?
What Warner Bros. studio produced the "TGIF" block?
What company was Miller-Boyett Productions a part of?
What was the maximum amount of radio stations a broadcasting company could own?
What was the name of the first film produced by ABC Pictures?
Who directed Charly?
When was ABC Pictures dissolved?
Where was ABC Marine World located?
What types of programming did ABC show that met the expectations of the public?
How much did ABC's advertising revenues increase between 1953 and 1958?
What was the national reach of ABC?
Who was the president of ABC in 1957?
Who was the host of American Bandstand?
What was ABC's philosophy against its competitors?
What was the name of ABC's western series?
Who criticized the public enthusiasm and sponsorship of these shows?
What did ABC's western series defeat in the fall of 1959?
What was the name of ABC's multi-platform streaming service?
Which two stations were the first to offer streams of their programming on ABC's streaming service?
Which network reached a deal to offer streams of ABC affiliates on the WATCH ABC service?
What is the name of ESPN's streaming service?
Who owns or provides services to 28 ABC affiliates?
What is the name of the largest ABC subchannel affiliate?
Who owns 15 ABC-affiliated stations?
How many ABC affiliates does Sinclair Broadcast Group own?
How many ABC-affiliated stations does the E. W. Scripps Company own?
What was the name of the new imaging campaign for the 2007-08 season?
Who developed the on-air design for the 2007-08 season?
What were red ribbons used to represent?
What was the blue ribbon used for?
What are the names of the two affiliates in Tampa, Florida?
What are the names of the two affiliates in Kansas City, Missouri?
What are the names of the two affiliates in Grand Rapids, Michigan?
What was Tampa's primary ABC affiliate prior to 1994?
What empire was founded by Genghis Khan?
Who did Khan unite?
Where did the Mongol Empire massacre civilian populations?
What did the Mongol Empire occupy by the end of his life?
What dynasties were raided by the Mongol Empire?
Who did Genghis Khan assign as his successor?
When did Genghis Khan die?
Who did Genghis Khan defeat in 1227?
Who split Genghis Khan's empire into khanates?
Where was Genghis Khan buried?
Where was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin's father?
When was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin named after?
What was the name of Temüjin's sister?
What were the names of Temüjin's three brothers?
Who was Temüjin's future wife?
What tribe was Börte a member of?
Who was the head of the new household?
Who was Temujin's older half-brother?
Who was Temujin's mother?
Who killed Begter?
When did Temujin's resentment erupt?
Who enslaved Temüjin?
How did the Tayichi'ud enslave Temüjin?
Who became a general of Genghis Khan?
What two Genghis Khan's future generals joined forces with Temüjin?
Where did Temüjin hide from the Tayichi'ud?
What was often used to solidify temporary alliances?
Who taught Temüjin many lessons about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
What foreign forces interfered with the political climate of Mongolia?
What did Temüjin's mother Hoelun teach him about?
What tribe did Börte belong to?
Who kidnapped Börte?
Who helped Temüjin rescue Börte?
What was the name of Börte's son?
When was Jochi born?
How many sons did Börte have?
What was the name of Börte's third son?
When did Chagatai die?
What was the name of Börte's third son?
How many daughters did Genghis Khan have?
What does the term "anda" mean?
Who did Temüjin turn to for support?
Toghrul was a Khan of what tribe?
How many Keraite warriors did Toghrul offer his vassal?
What childhood friend did Toghrul offer to Temüjin?
What did Jamukha support?
Who proclamated that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Temüjin?
When was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?
What was the name of the battle in which Temüjin was beaten?
Where was Toghrul exiled?
What was Temüjin's rule of law called?
What did Temüjin promise civilians and soldiers?
What did Temüjin's mother adopt?
What did Temüjin take the conquered tribe under?
Who was the eldest son of Temüjin?
Who did Toghrul ally himself with?
Who did Toghrul ally himself with?
What tribe was disbanded by Toghrul's defeat?
Who was the next direct threat to Temüjin?
In what year was Jamukha elected Gür Khan?
What was Gür Khan's title?
Who was Jelme's younger brother?
In what year was Jamukha turned over to Temüjin?
What did Temüjin offer to Jamukha?
Why did Temüjin kill the men who betrayed Jamukha?
What did Jamukha request from Temüjin?
How was Jamukha able to die without spilling blood?
Who did Genghis Khan use to siege warfare?
Who was Genghis Khan's early allies?
Who was Genghis Khan's loyal brother?
What was one of Genghis Khan's military strategies that showed a deep interest in gathering good intelligence?
Who was Genghis Khan's father's ally?
In what year did Temüjin unite the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs, and other smaller tribes?
Where was Temüjin acknowledged as "Khan" of the consolidated tribes?
What was the new name given to Genghis Khan after his death?
Who was the successor to Temüjin?
What was a Khuruldai?
What dynasty did Genghis Khan plan to conquer in 1211?
Who defected and told the Mongols that the Jin army was waiting on the other side of the pass?
In what year did Genghis Khan besiege, capture, and sacked the Jin capital of Zhongdu?
Where did Emperor Xuanzong move his capital to?
Who was Genghis' third son?
Who was the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation?
What dynasty was Qara Khitai originally a part of?
How many soldiers did Genghis send against Kuchlug?
Who was the younger general that Genghis sent two tumen against Kuchlug?
What was Jebe's nickname?
What did the invading Mongols resort to to make Kuchlug's supporters more vulnerable to the Mongols?
Where was Kuchlug's army defeated?
What lake did the Mongol Empire control in 1218?
What is another name for the Khwarezmia?
What was the Khwarezmia state?
Who ruled the Khwarazmian dynasty in the early 13th century?
Who was the governor of Otrar?
Who was beheaded by the Shah?
How many troops did Genghis Khan send to invade Khwarezmia?
What route did Genghis Khan use to trade with Khwarezmia?
What mountains did the Mongol army cross?
How many groups did Genghis Khan divide his army into?
What part of Khwarzemia did the second division march to?
Who led the third division?
Where did the first division attack?
What was decisive in Khwarezmia's defeats?
What town was seized by the Mongols?
What did Genghis Khan pour into Inalchuq's ears and eyes?
What did the Shah do at the end of the battle?
Who hunted the Shah?
What was the capital of the Mongols?
Where was the capital moved to after the fall of Samarkand?
What did Genghis Khan divert through the Khwarezmid emperor's birthplace?
What did the Mongols use as body shields?
What did Genghis do after the fortress fell?
What was raised as a symbol of victory for the people of Samarkand?
What did the city leaders do to the Mongols?
Who held Bukhara's citadel for 12 days?
Who were sent back to Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan say to the people of Bukhara?
Who were drafted into the Mongolian army?
When did the Khwarezmian Empire defeat the Khwarezmian Empire?
Who suggested that the Mongol army be split into two forces?
Where did the Mongols overwinter?
What river was the Battle of in 1223?
Who led the Kievan Rus troops?
Who was Genghis Khan's grandson?
Batu was the grandson of Genghis Khan's grandson, what was the name of the Horde?
Who led the famous cavalry expedition?
In what year did the Mongols return to Mongolia?
Where did Jebe die?
When did Genghis Khan begin a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts?
When did Genghis Khan take Xiliang-fu?
Who did one of the Tangut generals challenge to a battle near the Helan Mountains?
What river did Genghis Khan cross to defeat the Tangut relief army?
What did Genghis Khan see when he defeated the Tangut relief army?
What was the capital of the Tangut?
Who was the Tangut general at Deshun?
Ma Jianlong died from wounds received from what?
Where did Genghis Khan go to escape the severe summer?
What did Genghis Khan order the entire imperial family to be?
Who was Genghis Khan's oldest son?
Who said he would never accept Jochi as Genghis Khan's successor?
When did Genghis Khan invade the Khwarezmid Empire?
Who was appointed as successor to Jochi?
Who were Genghis Khan's sons?
Who was considered unstable due to his temper and rash behavior?
Who was Genghis Khan's youngest son?
Who did Genghis Khan give the throne to?
When did Jochi die?
Where did Jochi remain after heeding the order from Genghis Khan?
What did Jochi try to protect from destruction?
Who did Jochi make an alliance with?
Why is the accuracy of the story of Jochi's father's death questionable?
What was the capital of Western Xia in 1227?
When did Genghis Khan fall from his horse?
What wound did Genghis Khan receive during his final campaign?
What was Yinchuan the capital of?
Whose invention did some Mongol authors doubt was the cause of Genghis Khan's death?
How did Genghis Khan ask to be buried?
Where was Genghis Khan born?
Where is Genghis Khan believed to be buried?
What is the name of Genghis Khan's memorial?
What is the name of the Lord's Enclosure?
Where did the mausoleum stay for ten years?
Where was the mausoleum moved to in 1949?
In what year were Genghis Khan's bier and relics returned to the Lord's Enclosure?
Who destroyed most of the value of the mausoleum during the Cultural Revolution?
When was Genghis Khan's palace discovered?
What was diverted over Genghis Khan's grave to make it impossible to find?
What other Sumerian king's burial was similar to Genghis Khan's?
What animal stamped over Genghis Khan's grave?
Who created the Yassa?
What was the code that governed the Mongol Empire called?
What was the Mongol Empire's approach grounded in?
Who was the exception to the rule of the Yassa?
Who was one of the Mongol Empire's diverse Khans?
What was there for religious figures in the Mongol Empire?
Who was Genghis Khan's mentor?
Why did the Mongol Empire practice religious tolerance?
What were the religions of the Mongol tribes?
Who was in charge of the Mongol Empire when the next male Khagan was being chosen?
What is the alleged policy of encouraging trade and communication called?
What sedentary people did Genghis Khan not lift discriminatory policies towards?
What did the Great Yassa establish?
Who was a lineal descendant of the Khitan rulers?
Why did Genghis Khan not find administrators among the Mongol people?
Who did Chu'Tsai work for?
Who was Chu'Tsai a lineal descendant of?
Who did Genghis Khan put absolute trust in?
Where was the Mongol Empire capital?
Who was given command of the Mongol forces against the Jin dynasty?
Who were allowed to pursue the Great Raid into the Caucasus and Kievan Rus?
What did Genghis Khan expect from his generals?
What did the Mongol military divert?
Who did the Mongols employ to help capture cities?
What tactic did the Mongol military use to break enemy formations?
What did the Mongol military do to enemy prisoners?
What sea did the Mongol Empire extend to at the time of Genghis Khan's death?
Where did the Mongol Empire extend to at the time of Genghis Khan's death?
Who was Genghis Khan's successor?
When did the Song dynasty end?
What did Genghis Khan bring under one cohesive political environment?
Where is Genghis Khan seen as a great military leader?
What was Genghis Khan's attitude towards religions?
What happened to communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia?
When did the memory of Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity have a powerful revival?
What was Genghis Khan's role in Mongolia?
What do Mongolians refer to themselves as?
What is there a chasm in the perception of?
What do Mongolians believe the historical records written by non-Mongolians are against Genghis Khan?
What is the Mongolian word for Genghis Khan?
Whose name and likeness is endorsed on products, streets, buildings, and other places in Mongolia?
What is the name of Mongolia's main international airport?
Why have there been repeated discussions about regulating the use of Genghis Khan's name and image?
Where is the main international airport in Mongolia?
What was the first written Mongolian law?
What illegal matters did the Ikh Zasag law punish?
Who is the president of Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan introduce?
Where are monuments and buildings about Genghis Khan located?
What is the population of the Mongols in the Inner Mongolia region?
Who was Genghis Khan's grandson?
What dynasty did Kublai Khan establish?
Who was Kublai Khan?
In what country was Genghis Khan notably condemned?
How much of the Iranian Plateau did the Mongol violence and depredations kill?
How many people were killed in the Mongol violence and depredations?
Who destroyed much of Iran's northern part?
Who halted Hulagu Khan's forces?
Who beat the Egyptian Mamluks out of Levant, Palestine and Gaza?
In what year did Batu Khan invade Kievan Rus?
What cities did the Mongols annihilate?
Who directly patronized the legacies of Genghis Khan and Timur?
Who did the Mughal emperors patronize the legacies of?
Attar of what city did the Mughal emperors distance themselves from the Mongol atrocities?
What is the Mongolian and Turkic word for "ocean"?
What lake was called tenggis by the Mongols?
What does Zhèng mean?
What would have received the Mongolian adjectival modifier -s?
What would the 13th century Mongolian pronunciation closely match?
What is the Mongolian name for Genghis Khan?
What is the Turkic name for Genghis Khan?
What is the pinyin for Temüjin?
What are the names of Genghis Khan?
What is the pinyin for Genghis Khan?
What is the word pharmacy derived from?
What did a retail shop sell in addition to medicines?
What do the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply?
What would the term apothecary today be seen as in English?
What did the pharmas also use?
What are pharmacists?
What do pharmacists ensure for their patients through the quality use of medicines?
What do pharmacists play an important role in?
Who owns the pharmacy in which they practice?
What do pharmacists have?
Who manages a Pharmacy Technician in the UK?
What is the governing body for pharmacy health care professionals?
What does the GPhC do?
What is a Pharmacy Technician in the UK considered to be?
What has the role of a pharmacist been given to in the UK?
What is Pedanius Dioscorides famous for?
What was the Latin translation of 'Concerning medical substances'?
What term was coined by the Latin translation of De Materia Medica?
Who was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants in Ancient Greece?
Who built the Latin translation of De Materia Medica?
What was the status of pharmacists in Japan at the end of the Asuka and Nara periods?
Where was the place of pharmacists in society defined?
Where were Ranked positions established?
What was the status of pharmacists in Japan during the Meiji Restoration?
What was the rank of the pharmacist in the Imperial household?
What two fields led medicine in medieval Islam to develop pharmacology?
Who promoted the medical uses of chemical compounds?
Who pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation?
Who wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies?
What did Al-Muwaffaq make clear distinction between?
When did the Franciscan monastery open?
Where is the oldest pharmacy in Europe?
What is the Church of Santa Maria Novella now known as?
What does the Esteve Pharmacy keep?
In what year was the oldest pharmacy in Europe set up?
What is the dispensary subject to in most countries?
Where did pharmacists once stay?
Pharmacy technicians are now more dependent on what to assist them in their new role?
What are pharmacy technicians now more dependent on automation for?
What requirements are specified in legislation in most countries?
What is a way that a pharmacist can gain more education and training after school?
What do clinical pharmacists specialize in?
What is one of the issues that pharmacists in hospitals have to deal with?
Who often gain more education and training after pharmacy school through a pharmacy practice residency?
Where can hospital pharmacies be found?
What are most hospital medications?
Hospital pharmacies have decided to outsource what to companies who specialize in compounding?
What makes it imperative that hospital pharmacies perform at the highest level possible?
Does a hospital pharmacy have a larger range of medications than a community pharmacy?
What is the purpose of direct patient care services?
Where did the clinical pharmacy movement begin?
Who do clinical pharmacists collaborate with to improve pharmaceutical care?
What do clinical pharmacists participate in?
Where do clinical pharmacists care for patients?
What is the role of a clinical pharmacist?
What does the review process often involve?
What is an example of an evaluation of the appropriateness of a drug therapy?
What must the pharmacist monitor?
What are ambulatory care pharmacists given in the U.S. federal health care system?
In what states are ambulatory care pharmacists given collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority?
In what year did the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approve ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification?
What is the official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam?
Which federal health care systems have full independent prescribing authority?
What is the focus of consultant pharmacy practice?
Where do consultant pharmacists typically work?
What are some of the largest pharmacy management companies in the U.S.?
Why do consultant pharmacists begin to work directly with patients?
What do some community pharmacies do?
When were the first internet pharmacies established?
What are many of the internet pharmacies operated by?
What are internet pharmacies also known as?
Why do some customers prefer to go to a community drugstore?
What is the primary difference between community pharmacies and online pharmacies?
Why do many customers order drugs from Internet pharmacies?
Who criticized the practice of ordering drugs from Internet pharmacies?
What has been reported of Internet pharmacies?
What do some Internet pharmacies do?
What do most Internet pharmacies do?
What is of particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
What is required for a prescription to be valid in the United States?
What is of particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
What is required for a prescription to be valid in the United States?
What is the responsibility of a filling pharmacy?
What defines a valid patient-doctor relationship?
What is another name for hydrocodone?
Why has there been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries?
Where has there been a push to legalize importation of medications from?
What is enforcement generally targeted at?
Is there a case of any US citizen buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription?
What has been a push in the United States to reduce consumer costs?
What is pharmacy informatics a combination of?
Where can pharmacy informaticists work?
What are the needs of pharmacy informatics?
What are pharmacists trained to participate in?
How quickly is pharmacy informatics growing?
What is the fastest growing sector of the pharmaceutical industry?
How many of the 28 new FDA approved medications in 2013 were specialty drugs?
What are some diseases that specialty pharmacies supply?
What do specialty pharmacies carry?
What do specialty pharmacies provide?
How are pharmacists regulated in most jurisdictions?
Who can supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public?
Whose Code of Ethics states that physicians may dispense drugs within their office practices?
What percentage of American physicians dispense drugs on their own?
What can pharmacists not do?
In what country is the minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy referred to as a minimum?
Where are dispensing physicians allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines?
What is the minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy?
What is the minimum distance between a GP's home and the nearest retail pharmacy in Austria?
What is the reason for the majority rule?
Why does a physician have a financial self-interest indiagnosing as many conditions as possible?
What is the majority rule similar to?
What is a physician's financial self-interest in diagnosing as many conditions as possible?
What is the patient's interest?
What are pharmacists expected to do in the coming decades?
What are pharmacists expected to do instead of dispensing medication?
What does Medication Therapy Management include?
What is one of the clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients?
What is the result of MTM?
Which Canadian provinces have limited prescribing rights?
Who remunerates pharmacists in Australia for conducting Home Medicines Reviews?
What are pharmacists being paid for in the UK?
What has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy in the United States?
What degree is required before entering pharmacy in the United States?
What are the two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries?
What symbol was used until the early 20th century?
In what country is the Bowl of Hygieia often used?
Where is the red stylized letter A used?
What countries use the green Greek cross?
What is the immune system?
What must an immune system detect to function properly?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What system protects the brain?
The immune system is a system of what?
What are agents that the immune system detects?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What does the immune system protect against?
What are agents in the immune system called?
What system protects the brain?
What separates the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system?
What are agents in the immune system called?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What system protects the brain?
How do pathogens avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system?
What is a rudimentary immune system?
What type of organisms evolved basic immune mechanisms?
What does adaptive immunity do after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
What type of infection can bacteria's rudimentary immune system protect against?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What is the process of acquired immunity the basis of?
What creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
What can disorders of the immune system result in?
What is immunodeficiency?
What happens when the immune system is less active than normal?
What type of disease can cause immunodeficiency in humans?
What is a common autoimmune disease?
What is it called when the immune system is less active than normal?
What results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms?
What is the study of all aspects of the immune system called?
What is an example of an acquired immunodeficiency?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis made experiments with what venom?
Who developed the germ theory of disease?
Who discovered the yellow fever virus?
Who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905 for his proofs that microorganisms were the cause of infectious disease?
What was confirmed as the cause of infectious disease?
What virus was discovered by Walter Reed?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
What is retained after the pathogen has been eliminated?
What provides an immediate, but non-specific response if a pathogen breaches the physical barriers?
What is activated by the innate response?
What is found in all plants and animals?
What is activated by the innate response?
What is retained after the pathogen has been eliminated?
What prevents pathogens from entering an organism?
What types of molecules are recognized as foreign molecules by the immune system?
What are the components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system?
What are those recognized as foreign molecules?
What are substances that bind to specific immune receptors and elicit an immune response called?
Antigens are substances that bind to what?
What recognizes components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms?
What is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms?
Pattern recognition receptors recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of what?
Innate immune defenses are what?
Insects' waxy cuticle is known as what?
What is the first line of defense against infection?
What mechanically ejects pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory tract?
What is secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract to trap and entangle microorganisms?
What is used to flush pathogens?
What is an example of an antimicrobial peptide that the skin and respiratory tract secretes?
What enzymes are in saliva, tears, and breast milk?
What does semen contain to kill pathogens?
What are two chemical defenses against ingested pathogens?
Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following what?
What serve as biological barriers in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts?
Most antibiotics do not affect what?
What bacteria is normally found in unpasteurized yogurt?
What conditions in the environment do commensal flora change?
What is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection?
What causes redness, swelling, heat, and pain?
What are released by injured or infected cells?
What eicosanoids produce fever and dilation of blood vessels associated with inflammation?
What is responsible for communication between white blood cells?
Phagocytosis is an important feature of cellular innate immunity performed by cells called what?
Phagocytes can be called to specific locations by what?
What is the intracellular vesicle called?
What is formed when a pathogen is trapped in an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome?
Phagocytosis evolved as a means of what?
What are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
What type of phagocytes travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
How much of the total circulating leukocytes are neutrophils?
What is the process in which neutrophils migrate to the site of inflammation called?
What is a regulatory factor in macrophages?
What are the second arm of the innate immune system?
What are the second arm of the innate immune system?
Innate cells are important mediators in the activation of what?
What are phagocytes?
What are phagocytes in tissues that are in contact with the external environment?
What are dendritic cells named for their resemblance to?
What is one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?
What is one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?
How do NK cells recognize host cells?
What are a component of the innate immune system which does not directly attack invading microbes?
What does the term "missing self" describe cells with low levels of a cell-surface marker called?
What essentially puts the brakes on NK cells?
Where did the adaptive immune system evolve?
The adaptive immune response requires the recognition of specific "non-self" antigens during what process?
Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific what?
What are the two major subtypes of T cells?
What type of T cells have a role in modulating immune response?
Killer T cells only recognize antigens coupled to what?
What do helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to?
What type of cells recognize intact antigens that are not bound to MHC receptors?
What are a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses?
What is the co-receptor on the T cell called?
What binds to a specific antigen in a complex with the MHC Class I receptor of another cell?
What is the name of the toxin that induces the target cell to undergo apoptosis?
What cytotoxins form pores in the target cell's plasma membrane?
The MHC:antigen complex is recognized by the helper cell's what?
How many receptors must be bound by an MHC:antigen in order to activate the helper T cell?
How can killer T cells be activated?
What does the activation of a resting helper T cell cause it to release?
What is another name for CD154?
Gamma delta T cells share the characteristics of what?
What do Gamma delta T cells possess instead of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?
What is another term for gamma delta T cells?
What do  T cells rearrange TCR genes to produce?
What type of T cells respond within hours to common molecules produced by microbes?
What cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen?
What process processes an antigen/antibody complex into peptides?
What does the helper T cell release?
When B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become what?
What is the term for the type of memory that occurs during the lifetime of an individual as an adaptation to infection with that pathogen?
What are two forms of immunological memory?
What do long-lived memory cells remember?
Newborn infants have no prior exposure to what?
What type of antibody is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta?
What contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant and protect against bacterial infections until the newborn can synthesize its own antibodies?
What is it called when the fetus does not make any memory cells or antibodies?
What can hormones act as to alter the sensitivity of the immune system?
What are female sex hormones known to be immunostimulators of?
What autoimmune disease strikes women preferentially?
What do male sex hormones seem to be?
What protein has been shown to be closely intertwined with both T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms?
What are some chronic conditions caused by sleep deprivation?
What is the cause of a diminished effect on active immunizations?
What is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals?
What does the skin become less adept at producing as a person ages?
What is regulated by the immune system?
What do people get less of via UVB radiation?
What is the main response of the immune system to tumors?
What are tumor antigens presented on?
Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to what?
What is generated against tumor cells allowing for their destruction by the complement system?
What type of cells do plants lack?
What are PAMPs?
When a plant becomes infected, cells at the site of infection undergo rapid what?
What is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent?
What can block virus replication?
What is an example of an overactive immune response?
What does the immune system fail to distinguish in autoimmune disorders?
Where are specialized cells located?
What do many T cells and antibodies react with?
What occurs when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive?
In what age is the ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens diminished?
When do immune responses begin to decline?
What are the causes of poor immune function in developed countries?
What is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries?
What is the most effective manipulation of the immune system mankind has developed?
What is another name for vaccination?
What is the principle behind vaccination?
What does the principle behind immunization exploit?
What do bacteria secrete to overcome physical barriers?
What type of secretion system allows bacteria to insert a hollow tube into the host cell?
What are these proteins used to do?
What does the success of a pathogen depend on?
Who formulated the clonal selection theory?
What is one example of a "nonself" entity?
What was the theory of CST modified to reflect?
Who suggested the clonal selection theory?
What are the most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs?
Along with methotrexate and azathioprine, what are lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs often used in conjunction with?
What are two examples of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs?
What is an example of an immunosuppressive drug?
What are two examples of differentiated effector cells during wake periods?
What are two examples of anti-inflammatory molecules?
Inflammation can occur during sleep times due to the presence of what?
What could the presence of melatonin during sleep times counteract?
What does a T-cell extend when it encounters a foreign pathogen?
What is the steroid hormone that a T-cell binds to?
What type of relationship do T-cells have with vitamin D?
What is the gene responsible for converting the pre-hormone version of vitamin D, calcidiol into the steroid hormone version, calcitriol?
What other immune system cells are known to express CYP27B1?
What are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
The complement system and what other system are used by most forms of invertebrate life?
Ribonucleases and what other pathway are conserved across all eukaryotes?
What are some of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system?
What primitive jawless vertebrates have a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule?
What are the large array of molecules in primitive jawless vertebrates called?
What did evolution of in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates occur?
What do invertebrates not generate?
What is the name of the unique defense mechanism that bacteria use to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
What is the name of the unique defense mechanism bacteria use to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
Prokaryotes use what sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that they have come into contact with in the past?
The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between what two theories of immunity?
Who represented the cellular theory of immunity?
What type of cells were responsible for immune responses?
Who held the humoral theory of immunity?
What did Robert Koch and Emil von Behring believe the active immune agents were?
Some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become what?
Tumor cells often have a reduced number of what on their surface?
What suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes?
The cytokine TGF- suppresses the activity of what?
What is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues called?
How many classes are hypersensitivity divided into?
What is the first class of hypersensitivity?
What triggers degranulation of mast cells and basophils when cross-linked by antigen?
What type of hypersensitivity occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on the patient's own cells?
What is the evasion strategy used by pathogens to avoid the innate immune system called?
What is an example of a food poisoning bacterium?
What is the name of the eukaryotic parasite that causes malaria?
What bacteria lives inside a protective capsule that prevents lysis by complement?
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
What is the simplest way to evade the adaptive immune system?
What virus mutates rapidly?
What is the name of the parasite that constantly switches one type of surface protein for another?
What may explain the failures of vaccines directed at HIV?
What is another important role of the immune system to identify and eliminate tumors?
What oncogenic virus causes cervical cancer?
What enzyme transforms certain skin cells into tumors called melanomas?
What are tumors called when tyrosinase is expressed at high levels?
What type of skin cells are transformed by tyrosinase?
What is the typical size of a drug that can cause a neutralizing immune response?
What are overrepresented in epitope regions than hydrophobic amino acids?
What is the study of large sets of proteins involved in the immune response called?
What are pathogens known to be recognizable by?
What is the emerging field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity called?
What hormones are increased during the early slow-wave-sleep stage?
What does the milieu of hormones produced during the early slow-wave-sleep stage support the interactions between and T-cells?
What cytokine balance does the early slow-wave-sleep stage support?
What does the milieu of hormones produced during the early slow-wave-sleep stage support the formation of long-lasting immune memory?
The binding of complement proteins to what on the surfaces of microbes triggers a rapid killing response?
How can the deposition of complement kill cells?
What is the speed of the response a result of?
What results in the production of peptides that attract immune cells, increase vascular permeability, and opsonize the surface of a pathogen?
What is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws?
What was South Africa fighting against?
What was the name of the movement to bring independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union?
In what country did the Orange Revolution take place?
In what country did the Rose Revolution take place?
Who brought about civil disobedience in the 1919 Revolution?
Who did the Egyptians oppose in the 1919 Revolution?
What type of movement has civil disobedience been used in?
Civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what?
What is the name of the movement that used civil disobedience to fight apartheid?
What Sophocles play depicts civil disobedience?
Who is Oedipus?
Who is the current King of Thebes?
Who is Antigone's father?
What is the King of Thebes trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What Sophocles play depicts civil disobedience?
Who wrote the play Antigone?
Who is trying to stop Antigone from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial?
What is the King of Thebes trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What does Antigone tell Creon that she must do?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
Percy Shelley's poem is perhaps the first modern statement of the principle of what kind of protest?
What doctrine was influenced by Shelley's nonviolent protest?
What was Shelley's Masque of Anarchy a part of?
Who took up Shelley's version of The Mask of Anarchy in his essay Civil Disobedience?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What did Percy Shelley think of his time?
Shelley's poem is perhaps the first modern statement of what?
What was the name of Gandhi's doctrine that was influenced by Shelley's nonviolent protest?
Who quoted Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India?
What has the term civil disobedience become a code-word for?
Who argued that civil disobedience has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become in modern times?
What has happened to the term civil disobedience in modern times?
Who argued that civil disobedience has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has civil disobedience become for Vice President Agnew?
Who is the president of the United States?
What has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from?
Who wrote that the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible?
What does LeGrande think the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is?
LeGrande encourages a distinction between what three types of civil disobedience?
What type of problems does LeGrande find in the literature on civil disobedience?
What type of terminology does LeGrande find has no more or less meaning than the individual orator intends it to have?
Who wrote that the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible?
What type of literature does LeGrande review on the subject of civil disobedience?
What does LeGrande find the student of civil disobedience surrounded by?
LeGrande encourages a distinction between lawful protest demonstration and what?
LeGrande encourages a distinction between lawful protest demonstration and what?
What is it called when two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation?
Why would a head of government refuse to enforce a decision of a country's highest court?
What is defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws?
Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to what?
What is civil disobedience?
Who would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen?
The head of government of a country would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than what?
What branch of government is most likely to conflict with civil disobedience?
Who argued that the individual is the final judge of right and wrong?
What did Thoreau do to a taxman who refused to pay?
How does Thoreau view the relationship between the majority and the government?
What did Thoreau advise a taxman to do before he was imprisoned?
Whose will does Thoreau think government expresses nothing more than the will of?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who can act unjustly when the government knocks on the door?
Who argued that the individual is the final judge of right and wrong?
What did Thoreau advise a taxman to do before he was imprisoned?
How does Thoreau view the relationship between the majority and the government?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against whom?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to what?
Brownlee argues that breaches of law can be justified in protest against whom?
Who argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects "a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken"?
What does Brownlee believe a disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects?
What do some theories of civil disobedience believe civil disobedience is?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
What is lawbreaking if it is not done publicly announced in order to constitute?
What type of disobedience does Stephen Eilmann believe is more effective than public civil disobedience?
What was the dilemma faced by German citizens when Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were doing?
In what Book did Shiphrah and Puah refuse a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did it?
Who refused a direct order of Pharaoh?
What must happen if lawbreaking is not done publicly?
Stephen Eilmann argues that if it is necessary to disobey what?
What is more effective than open disobedience?
What did the Fully Informed Jury Association think of when Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew in their house?
What book did Shiphrah and Puah refuse a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did it?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is more destructive than civil disobedience?
Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is said to preserve society's what of civil disobedience?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is the definition of civil disobedience?
What is more destructive than civil disobedience?
What is rebellion more of than disobedience?
What is the reason for civil disobedients refraining from violence?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government?
Who led the Hungarians against the Austrian government?
Whose acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government or to change what?
What is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the purpose of non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Whose acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
When did the earliest recorded civil disobedience take place?
What did unarmed Jews do to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem?
Was Thoreau's arrest covered in newspapers?
What happened to Thoreau after his arrest?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
When did the earliest recorded civil disobedience take place?
Why did unarmed Jews gather in the streets?
What is a form of jail solidarity?
What is it called when a group refuses to sign bail until certain demands are met?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
What kind of protests have civil disobedients chosen?
What type of purpose does Bedau believe the harmlessness of symbolic illegal protests may serve?
What was the name of the group that brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the U.S. Government?
How long did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna?
Why did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna?
What have civil disobedients chosen?
What is an example of a civil disobedient act?
What kind of illegal protests may serve a propaganda purpose?
What did Voice in the Wilderness achieve?
Who lived in Luna, a 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
What did Joseph Haas say in an email to Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors?
What is pure speech?
What case resulted from WBAI's broadcast of "Filthy Words"?
In what year did the Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation take place?
What type of behavior can be criminalized in cases of civil disobedience?
What did WBAI do with the song "Filthy Words"?
What is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
Some forms of civil disobedience make it more difficult for what?
How did the Plowshares organization temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What did the Plowshares organization do to temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What does Brownlee say civil disobedients may find it necessary to employ in order to get their issue onto the table?
What are some forms of civil disobedience considered to be?
What is one example of civil disobedience?
What are civil disobedients constrained by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue?
What is the aim of civil disobedients?
How did the Plowshares organization temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What are many of the same decisions and principles that apply in other civil disobedience cases?
What can a suspect decide in civil disobedience?
What can serve no useful purpose in civil disobedience?
Why have some civil disobedients found it hard to resist responding to investigators' questions?
What do some civil disobedients seek to do to make an impression on the officers?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to do?
What do some civil disobedients believe is incumbent upon them to accept punishment?
What do some civil disobedients not believe in?
What are some civil disobedients?
What do anarchists believe is not necessary to be punished for a violation of criminal law?
What is an important decision for civil disobedients?
What do some believe it is a civil disobedient's duty to do?
What does ACT-UP's Civil Disobedience Training handbook state about a civil disobedient who pleads guilty?
What does a pleading not guilty send a message of?
What is a plea of no contest called?
Where was the protest held?
Why were the protesters arrested?
What happened to the protesters when they stepped across the line?
What did Francis Heisler advise the protesters to plead?
What were the sentences given to the protesters?
Why do protesters go to jail?
Why do protesters go to jail?
What is the key point of going to jail?
What should protesters do as an accession to 'the rules'?
What does the prosecution sometimes propose to civil disobedients?
What did the defendants receive in the Camden 28 case?
What do the activists use to secure the same plea bargain for everyone?
What type of plea has some activists opted to enter?
Who pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor count?
What do some civil disobedience defendants choose to make in allocution?
What is a defiant speech?
What did Burgos-Andujar's statement suggest?
What did Burgos-Andujar's statement suggest?
What did some of the allocution speeches give by the protesters complain about?
What is the primary goal of a defendant if they plead not guilty?
What does Steven Barkan say a defendant must do if they want to win an acquittal?
What does Steven Barkan say a defendant must do to win an acquittal?
During what war did the Chicago Eight use a political defense?
What do some civil disobedients seek in the United States whose laws guarantee the right to a jury trial but do not excuse lawbreaking for political purposes?
What would a person who violates a law for self-gratification be viewed as not being a civil disobedience?
What is one theory that would undermine the law by encouraging general disobedience?
What is not civil disobedience?
What is it generally viewed as when a protestor attempts to escape punishment by committing the crime covertly and avoiding attribution, or by denying having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction?
What is one way a protester can escape punishment?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest?
During what war did courts typically refuse to excuse the perpetrators of illegal protests from punishment?
What did the judge instruct the jury to disregard when Carter Wentworth was charged with his role in the Clamshell Alliance's occupation of the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant?
What do prosecutors believe if they arrest fully informed jury leafleters?
What is a major goal of criminal punishment?
What is the most important consideration in deciding whether or not to impose punishment?
Who decides whether to impose punishment or not?
What does Brownlee think bringing in deterrence at the level of justification detracts from the law's engagement in a moral dialogue with the offender?
What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure?
What industry involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser?
What percentage of the gross domestic product of developed countries is accounted for by construction?
What does construction start with?
What does construction typically take place on location for?
Who usually manages the job of large-scale construction?
Who oversees large-scale construction?
What is essential for the successful execution of a project?
What are the largest construction projects called?
Who must consider zoning requirements?
What are the three sectors of construction?
What are two types of building construction?
What is infrastructure often called?
What includes large public works, dams, bridges, highways, water/wastewater and utility distribution?
What sector of construction includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills, and manufacturing plants?
What is Engineering News-Record?
What does Engineering News-Record stand for?
In what year did ENR compile the data in nine market segments?
What did ENR use to rank firms as heavy contractors?
What are the three subsectors of the Standard Industrial Classification?
What are two categories for firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project?
What have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction?
What are construction managers?
What is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings called?
What are the majority of building construction jobs?
Who acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project?
What are some undesirable end results of building construction?
What do those with experience in the field do to ensure a positive outcome?
What must residential construction practices, technologies, and resources conform to?
What determines the materials used in residential construction?
What can residential construction generate?
What can vary dramatically based on site conditions, local regulations, economies of scale, and the availability of skilled tradespeople?
New techniques of building construction are being researched by advances in what?
How long does it take to build a small commercial building?
Are working versions of 3D-printing building technology already printing?
How much building material are working versions of 3D-printing building technology printing per hour as of January 2013?
What is the purpose of a formal design team?
In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of what?
Who typically awards a contract to the most cost efficient bidder?
Who provides a bill of quantities for a bid?
Who is awarded a contract by the property owner?
The modern trend in design is toward integration of what?
In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be what?
What is a "design build" contract?
What is it called when a contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction?
What are some project structures that can assist the owner in this integration?
Who does each of the project structures allow the owner to integrate throughout design and construction?
What are many companies placing more emphasis on?
What can construction projects suffer from?
When do underbids occur?
What are cash flow problems?
What is a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field?
What are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project?
Who is most likely to be present in a building project?
Who studies the expected monetary flow over the life of the project?
What is a cause of cost overruns with government projects?
Who apply expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation?
What must the project adhere to?
Who does not benefit from a project that fails to adhere to zoning and building code requirements?
What is malum in se considerations?
What are malum prohibitum considerations?
Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built?
What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?
What is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties?
What does the time element in construction mean?
What must the contracts be designed to ensure?
What leads to confusion and collapse?
What are new forms of procurement?
What does PPP stand for?
What is another name for Public-Private Partnering?
What is the focus on in relation contracting?
Who acts as the project coordinator?
What is the role of the architect or engineer in this arrangement?
Who has direct contractual links with the architect?
Who does the architect's client have a direct contractual relationship with?
What does the process continue until?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
Who presents different ideas about how to accomplish the project's goals?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
Who is often involved in the first phase of a D&B project?
What is the second phase of a D&B project?
Who is typically required to verify and have existing utility lines marked?
What is a potential cause of outages and potentially hazardous situations?
What types of facilities can be damaged by utility lines being marked?
Who inspects a building during construction?
What may be issued once the construction is complete and a final inspection has been passed?
What was the annual revenue of the construction industry in the United States in 2014?
How much of the US construction industry is private?
How many firms were employed in the construction industry in 2005?
How many employees did the average contractor employ as of 2005?
How many women were employed in the construction industry in 2011?
What is the average earning for a professional in the construction industry in the Middle East?
What is the average salary for a professional in the construction industry in the UK?
In what countries have construction workers made more than $100,000 annually?
What is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world?
What is one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers?
What are some major causes of fatalities in the construction industry?
What can curtail the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry?
What is another name for a private school?
What type of scholarship can be found at private schools?
What do private schools charge their students?
What do private schools have the right to?
What is the annual tuition fee at several New England preparatory schools?
What is another term for K-12 schools?
In what Commonwealth country is the term'secondary education' rarely used?
In what country does private education cover the whole gamut of educational activity?
What is year twelve known as?
What is year 13 known as?
What is another name for university-preparatory schools?
What is one factor that determines tuition at a private secondary school?
High tuition is used to pay higher salaries for whom?
Parochial schools are often used to denote what religion?
What religious group is represented in the K-12 private education sector?
What type of education do some private schools teach?
What is a tool not readily available to government schools?
What is a compulsory uniform for Australian private schools?
Are private schools in Australia more or less expensive than public schools?
What church does the Anglican Church belong to?
St Joseph's College, Gregory Terrace, Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview, St Gregory's College, Campbelltown, St Aloysius' College, and Hunters Hill are examples of what type of school?
Where is St Aloysius' College located?
Who is Loreto Normanhurst for?
What article of the Grundgesetz states that the right to create private schools cannot be suspended even in a state of emergency?
What was the purpose of the protection of private schools?
What was the percentage of students in private schools in Germany between 1992 and 2008?
What was the percentage of students in private high schools between 1992 and 2008?
What was the percentage of students in private schools in the former GDR?
Article 7, Paragraph 4 of the Grundgesetz forbids segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents called what?
What are ordinary primary or secondary schools called?
Most Ersatzschulen have what kind of tuition fees?
What are secondary or post-secondary schools called?
What type of schools are most Ergänzungsschulen?
What do Ergänzungsschulen charge their students?
What type of groups run Ergänzungsschulen?
In India, private schools are called what?
What is the name of the Examination Board that is present in multiple states?
How many Examination Boards are there in India?
Who provides the broad policy directions while the states create their own rules and regulations for the administration of the sector?
Non-profit trusts and what else can run schools in India?
What country has the largest adult illiterate population in the world?
What does ASER stand for?
What does the Annual Status of Education Report do?
What is the local language in government schools?
What is another name for Ireland's private schools?
Why are private schools unusual in Ireland?
What is the average fee for Ireland's private schools?
What is an example of a religious order that runs private schools in Ireland?
What is the average fee for boarding schools in Ireland?
When was Malaysia's independence?
What nationality were the primary schools in Malaysia allowed to retain as the medium of instruction?
Chinese secondary schools are required to change into what medium of instruction?
What was the name of the system in which all schools were assimilated after Malaysia's independence?
How many schools converted to National Type schools?
What are the schools that accept government funds called?
How are the private 'un-aided' schools funded?
Where is the Galaxy Public School located?
What is the medium of education in Kathmandu?
What is the state's official language?
How many private schools are in New Zealand as of April 2014?
How many students are in New Zealand's private schools?
What percentage of New Zealand's students are in private schools?
What religion was New Zealand's private school system?
What is the largest city in New Zealand?
What type of school is King's College?
Where is Samuel Marsden Collegiate School located?
Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College are examples of what type of private school?
Where is St Andrew's College and Rangi Ruru Girls' School located?
What is the name of the Catholic schismatic group in Wanganui?
What percentage of primary enrollment in the Philippines is from the private sector?
What percentage of secondary enrollment in the Philippines is from the private sector?
How much of the Philippines' tertiary enrollment is from the private sector?
When was the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools issued?
What type of education has the Philippines replaced values education for third and fourth years with?
What scheme of the government provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools?
What is geared to students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programs?
What is available to students who wish to pursue college/technical education in private colleges and universities?
What act recognizes two categories of schools?
When was the South African Schools Act passed?
The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognizes what type of school?
What type of schools are included in the South African Schools Act of 1996?
In what century were some of the oldest schools in South Africa established?
What does the term "Model C" continue to be used to describe?
What do Model C schools produce than government schools formerly reserved for other race groups?
What type of school fees do former model C schools tend to set than other public schools?
What percentage of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008?
How many students does the biggest school chain, Kunskapsskolan, teach?
How many employees does Kunskapsskolan have?
What does Kunskapsskolan mean?
What type of school model is Sweden known for?
Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils up to what age to enter public schools?
What is another name for a private school?
According to The Good Schools Guide, what percentage of children in the UK are doing so at fee-paying schools at GSCE level?
Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils up to what age to enter public schools?
What is the average fee for a day pupil at an independent school?
What was the name of the case that demanded that US schools desegregate "with all deliberate speed"?
What type of academies have shut down since the 1970s?
In what part of the U.S. did many white students migrate to the academies?
What race of students migrated to the Christian academies in the South?
What group of students were more concentrated in public schools?
What type of funds are used to fund private schools?
The Establishment Clause of what amendment is used to limit government funding for religious schools?
What is the name of the amendment that states that government funding for religious schools is forbidden?
Non-religious private schools prefer the advantages of independent control of their student admissions and course content instead of the public funding they could get with what?
What state began compulsory education in 1852?
In what year did compulsory education begin in Massachusetts?
When was Wisconsin v. Yoder ruled?
What was the Supreme Court case law on Pierce v. Society of Sisters?
Runyon v. who?
How much did day schools in New York City cost in 2012?
How much was the tuition for boarding schools in 2012?
Which school had substantial endowments running to hundreds of millions of dollars supplemented by fundraising drives?
What type of drive supplemented the Groton School's endowments?
Who was the first benefactor of Harvard?
When did Harvard merge with Radcliffe College?
Who led Harvard through the Great Depression and World War II?
What organization was Harvard a founding member of in 1900?
Who was the President of Harvard after the Civil War?
What is the world's largest academic and private library system?
How many libraries does the Harvard Library have?
How many volumes are in the Harvard Library?
How many U.S. presidents are alumni of Harvard?
How many Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Harvard?
Where is the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study located?
How much is Harvard's financial endowment?
What river is Harvard Stadium located across?
How many academic units are there at Harvard?
Where is Harvard's main campus located?
When was Harvard formed?
What was the name of the colony that formed Harvard?
In what year did Harvard become home to North America's first printing press?
When was Harvard College renamed?
When was the charter for the Harvard Corporation granted?
Who did the College train in the early years?
What type of curriculum did the College offer?
What denomination was the college not affiliated with?
When did Joseph Willard die?
Who was appointed to the presidency of Harvard two years later?
When was Henry Ware elected to the chair of Harvard?
Whose lectures were acclaimed in New York and on the campus at Harvard College?
What did Agassiz's perspective on science combine observation with?
Which Scottish philosophers influenced Agassiz's teachings of Common Sense Realism?
Who eliminated the favored position of Christianity from the curriculum?
What type of convictions did Eliot have?
Who were the Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions derived from?
Who was the president of the University of Kansas from 1933-1953?
What did Conant create programs to do?
In what year was the Report published?
How many men attend Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe?
When did the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe occur?
What was the result of the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe admissions?
How far is Harvard Yard from the State House?
How many residential houses are there at Harvard?
What river is south of Harvard Yard?
Where are the other three residential Houses located?
Where is the Harvard Business School located?
What is the name of the bridge that connects Harvard Business School and Cambridge?
Where is the Harvard Medical School located?
How much more land does Harvard own in Allston than in Cambridge?
What are proposals to connect the Cambridge campus to the new Allston campus?
What are some of the benefits of the new Allston campus?
How many professors, lecturers, and instructors are at Harvard?
How many undergraduates attend Harvard?
How many graduate students attend Harvard?
When was the color crimson adopted?
When did Charles William Eliot buy red bandanas for his crew?
How much was Harvard's endowment worth in 2011?
How much did Harvard's endowment lose in 2008-09?
What did Harvard halt construction of in 2011?
How much was the Pell Grant reserve available for disbursement?
What was the total financial aid reserve for students in 2012?
When was the divestment from South Africa movement?
Who gave a speech during the divestment from South Africa?
How much did Harvard reduce its South African holdings?
How many applicants did Harvard accept for the class of 2019?
When did Harvard end its early admissions program?
Why did Harvard end its early admissions program in 2007?
In what year was the Early Action program reintroduced?
Between 1978 and 2008, students were required to complete what outside of their concentration?
How many general education categories have undergraduates been required to complete since 2008?
What have some students criticized Harvard for?
What is the semester schedule for Harvard's academic programs?
What must a student maintain to be considered full-time to be considered full-time?
What are students in the top 4-5% of the class awarded?
What percentage of students receive Latin honors in 2005?
What was the annual tuition for the 2012-13 school year?
What was the total cost of attendance for the 2012-13 school year?
What do families with low incomes pay for their children to attend Harvard?
What was the total amount of grants offered by Harvard in 2009?
How much of Harvard's aid is given to undergraduate students?
Where is the Harvard University Library System located?
What are the three most popular libraries for undergraduates to use?
Where is America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases stored?
How many volumes are in the Harvard University Library System?
How many museums are in the Harvard Art Museums?
What does the Fogg Museum of Art cover?
What museum specializes in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere?
Since what year has Harvard topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities?
In what year did the Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities ranked Harvard 1st university in the world in terms of number of alumni holding CEO position in Fortune Global 500 companies?
What is Harvard's ranking in the "dream college" poll?
How many intercollegiate sports does the Harvard Crimson compete in?
Who does Harvard have an intense athletic rivalry with?
When is the rivalry between Harvard and Yale put aside?
When does the annual football meeting date back to?
In what year did Harvard Stadium introduce a new era into football?
What year was the forward pass legalized?
Who was Walter Camp?
What is the name of the multi-purpose arena at Harvard?
What is the name of Harvard's primary recreation facility?
How many weight rooms are in the Malkin Athletic Center?
How long ago was the Harvard-Yale Regatta?
On what river is the Harvard-Yale Regatta held?
What is the relationship between the Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team and Cornell?
When did Harvard win the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships?
Who is the U.N. Secretary?
Who is the president of Colombia?
Who is the president of Costa Rica?
Who is the Israeli Prime Minister?
Who is a television show host and writer?
Who is a conductor?
Who is a cellist?
Who is a civil rights leader?
Who is the Fields Medalist mathematician?
Who are two legal scholars at Harvard?
Who is a Shakespeare scholar at Harvard?
Which city is the county seat of Duval County?
What was the population of Jacksonville in 2010?
Where does Jacksonville rank among US cities by population?
What county is Jacksonville in?
In what year was Jacksonville consolidated?
Jacksonville is centered on the banks of what river?
How far is Jacksonville from Miami?
What French colony was located in Jacksonville in 1564?
Who originally inhabited the Jacksonville Beaches?
Who was the first military governor of the Florida Territory?
How large is Florida's seaport?
What sport is tourism important to Jacksonville?
How many US Navy bases are in Jacksonville?
What are people from Jacksonville called?
How many years has the area of Jacksonville been inhabited?
Who discovered the oldest pottery in the US?
What people inhabited Black Hammock Island in the 16th century?
What era was the region inhabited by the Mocama?
What is the name of the village at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville?
Who charted the St. Johns River in 1562?
Who did Ribault claim the newly discovered land for?
Who attacked the French presence at Fort Caroline?
What did the Spanish rename Fort Caroline?
What was the name of the first European settlement?
After what war did Spain cede Florida to the British?
What did the British do to connect St. Augustine to Georgia?
What did the names Cow Ford and Cowford reflect?
Who ceded Florida to the British in 1763?
When did the Florida Legislative Council approve the charter for Jacksonville?
Who won the Battle of Olustee?
What was the name of the first Confederate victory in Florida?
What was the name of the Battle of Olustee?
What left Jacksonville disrupted after the war?
What was the name of the Battle of Cedar Creek?
During what era were Jacksonville and St. Augustine popular winter resorts for the rich and famous?
Who attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition?
What caused major blows to Jacksonville's tourism in the late 19th century?
What drew visitors to Jacksonville?
By what means did visitors arrive in Jacksonville during the Gilded Age?
What was engulfed in flames at a nearby mattress factory?
How many buildings were destroyed in the fire?
What did Governor Jennings do in response to the fire?
What was the name of the fire that ravaged Jacksonville in 1901?
Who was attracted to Jacksonville in the 1910's?
What type of studios were established in Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What was Jacksonville's nickname in the 1910's?
What city ended Jacksonville's film industry?
What led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs after World War II?
What was the population of non-Hispanic white in 2010?
What was the name of the wave of middle class that left Jacksonville with a much poorer population?
Who wrote the Jacksonville Story?
After what war did Jacksonville begin to increase spending to fund new public building projects?
What caused problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits?
What areas had difficulty obtaining municipal services?
What did a study recommend the city of Jacksonville begin to do in 1958?
Who rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965?
What system was used to elect Jacksonville's officials?
How many officials were indicted after a grand jury was convened?
What group was led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates?
What happened to all 15 of Duval County's high schools in 1964?
What happened when a consolidation referendum was held in 1967?
Who was mayor of Jacksonville in 1968?
What was the new border of Florida 13 and Julington Creek?
What was the name of the plan that authorized a half-penny sales tax?
What did the Better Jacksonville Plan do?
What is the total area of Jacksonville?
What river divides Jacksonville?
What is the name of the major tributary of the St. Johns River?
What percentage of Jacksonville's area is water?
What town does Jacksonville surround?
What is the Bank of America Tower?
What was the Bank of America Tower constructed as in 1990?
What is the height of the Bank of America Tower?
How many floors does the Riverplace Tower have?
What makes Wells Fargo Center the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline?
What type of climate does Jacksonville have?
What months are the warmest in Jacksonville?
What type of weather does Jacksonville get in the winter?
What is the reason for Jacksonville's lack of cold weather?
What was the highest temperature recorded on July 11, 1879?
What erupts during a typical summer afternoon?
What is the cause of thunderstorms?
In what month of the year did the average temperature in the area reach 82 degrees Fahrenheit?
What was the strongest hurricane to hit Jacksonville in 1964?
What was the wind speed of the storm that hit St. Augustine?
What was the name of the hurricane that hit Jacksonville on May 28, 2012?
What scale was Hurricane Dora on?
In what year did Fay hit Jacksonville?
What ethnicity is Jacksonville's tenth-largest?
How many people lived in Jacksonville in 2010?
What is Jacksonville's Arab population?
What is Jacksonville's largest American community?
What percentage of households were made up of individuals?
What percentage of households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
For every 100 who are 18 and over, how many males are there?
For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% own in the year 2000?
Oxfam claims that the 85 wealthiest people in the world have a combined wealth equal to that of the bottom 50% of the world's population, or what?
What is the maximum amount of assets in the top percentile?
Oxfam's claims have been questioned on the basis of what?
What does Anthony Shorrocks consider the criticism about debt to be?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% own in the year 2000?
The three richest people in the world possess more what than the lowest 48 nations combined?
What was the combined wealth of the 10 million dollar millionaires in 2008?
How much of the world's wealth is in the hands of those in the top percentile?
Why are there more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China?
According to PolitiFact, how many richest Americans have more wealth than half of all Americans combined?
What newspaper reported that the richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
What did the Institute for Policy Studies say about the richest 400 Americans in 2012?
According to PolitiFact, the top 400 richest Americans have more of what than half of all Americans combined?
According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, what percent of Americans have more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
According to the Institute for Policy Studies, what percentage of the Forbes richest 400 Americans grew up in substantial privilege?
Who said that over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans grew up in substantial privilege?
What views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land?
Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from what?
What is the cause of differences in value added in labor?
What is inequality a reflection of in a market economy?
What determines wages and profits in Neoclassical economics?
Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from what?
What is the cause of inequalities in income within labor?
What are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor?
What are the marginal value added of each economic actor?
What is inequality a reflection of in a market economy?
What is the purpose of substituting capital equipment for labor inputs?
What does the organic composition of capital mean in proportion to capital inputs?
What is the "reserve army of labour"?
What causes stagnant wages for the working class?
In Marxian analysis, what do capitalist firms replace capital equipment for?
What is the purpose of substituting capital equipment for labor inputs?
In Marxian analysis, what do capitalist firms do for labor inputs?
What does the substitution of capital equipment for labor raise?
What type of wages are the working class's wages?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations or by the employer?
Under what law is the price of skill determined by a race between the demand for the skilled worker and the supply of the skilled worker?
What do employers who offer below market wages find?
What will competitors do to the best of their labor?
What are the outcomes of high levels of inequality widely viewed as?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, workers' wages will not be controlled by organizations, or by the employer, but by what?
Wages work in the same way as what for any other good?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations or by the employer?
What can concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society, and abuse workers and consumers?
What are the outcomes of high levels of inequality widely viewed as?
What drives down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job?
What is the term for a job where there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions?
What will a job where there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions result in?
What causes members to receive higher wages?
Who may limit the supply of workers?
What will a job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time result in?
What drives down the wage?
Why does competition amongst workers drive down wages?
What is the term for a job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time?
Who drives up wages due to the nature of the job, since there is a relative shortage of workers for the particular position?
Higher economic inequality tends to increase what at the individual level?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What is another term for necessity-based entrepreneurship?
What is another term for achievement-oriented motivations?
What type of entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations?
What tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level?
What is most entrepreneurship based on?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What type of motivations drive opportunity-based entrepreneurship?
What type of impact does entrepreneurship have on economic growth?
What is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases?
In a progressive tax system, what will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What can a steeper tax progressivity applied to result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
The rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of what?
What increases as the taxable base amount increases?
What will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What type of tax can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
What is an indicator for the effects of progressive taxation?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What type of education do those who are unable to afford or choose not to pursue generally receive much lower wages?
What happens to those who are unable to afford an education or choose not to pursue optional education?
Whose productive potential does education help?
What does a lack of education lead to lower?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What does education create for those with education?
What is the effect of a lack of education on wages?
What does a lack of education lead to?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What did S&P recommend to remedy the wealth gap?
How much more growth would the average US worker have if he completed one more year of school?
What type of cycles did the wealth gap make the US more prone to?
What rating agency rated the US wealthiest in 2014?
In what year did economists with Standard & Poor's conclude that the widening disparity between the wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed the recovery from the 2008-2009 recession?
In what years did the recession in the U.S. last?
What did S&P recommend to remedy the wealth gap?
How much more growth would the average US worker have if he completed one more year of school?
What type of cycles did the wealth gap make the US more prone to?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What happened to skilled workers during the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers lead to in the price of skilled labor?
What can result to low economic growth?
What did the decrease in wages cause?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers lead to?
What was the purpose of high school education?
What is very important for the growth of the economy?
What can result to low economic growth?
What has remained strong in continental European liberalism?
The U.S. economy provides a lower level of economic mobility than what other countries?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes?
What country has unions remained strong?
John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer point to economic liberalism and the decline of union membership as one of the causes of what?
The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of what?
John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer are members of what organization?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes?
What level of economic mobility does the U.S. economy provide than all continental European countries for which data is available?
What country has a high rate of unionization?
What goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What did other industrialized nations experience that did not experience steep surges in inequality?
What is Jake Rosenfield's profession?
Where is Jake Rosenfield from?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What is the rate of unionization in Scandinavia?
What does high inequality go hand-in-hand with?
What may low-skilled workers in the rich countries see as a result of the competition?
What may low-skilled workers in the poor countries see?
What is a major cause of income inequality?
What has replaced low-skilled jobs in wealthier nations?
Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from what type of scale to a domestic scale?
Who may see increased wages when rich countries trade with poor countries?
What has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States?
What is Paul Krugman's view of the effect of trade on inequality in America?
What has replaced low-skilled jobs in wealthier nations?
What is the income gap in Botswana?
What is the income gap in Bahrain?
What may women be more willing to do if they consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
In many countries there is a gender pay gap in favor of who in the labor market?
In many countries, what is the pay gap in favor of males in the labor market?
In many countries there is a gender pay gap in favor of whom?
Who is more likely to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
Who wrote Knowledge and Decisions?
What is the difference in earnings between women and men in the US?
What type of redistribution mechanism is used by developed countries to move back to lower levels of inequality?
According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have what kind of distributions of wealth?
What does a country acquire as it develops?
What are social welfare programs?
What is Simon Kuznets' profession?
What is in large part the result of stages of development?
What does a country acquire as it develops?
As a country develops more capital, the owners of this capital have what?
What do more developed countries move back to?
When did income inequality fall in the United States?
When did income inequality begin to rise?
What sector of the economy may be a Kuznets cycle?
What sector of the economy may be in a Kuznets cycle?
What is the name of the theory that income inequality will eventually decrease?
What did Kuznets see middle-income developing economies bulge out to form?
What has the Kuznets curve shown to be?
Kuznets' curve predicts that income inequality will do what?
What is it possible for multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in at any given time?
What is the process by which newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities?
According to the theory, those who already hold wealth have what?
What is the fundamental force for divergence?
What generates higher returns?
What does wealth concentrate in under certain conditions?
Who is the beneficiaries of the new wealth?
What can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society?
Who wrote Capital in the Twenty-First Century?
What does larger fortunes generate?
What force should serve as a brake on concentrations of wealth and income?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What skills will the market bid up compensation for?
What does Stiglitz believe is a better explanation of inequality?
What is the non-market force known as?
What is the cause of higher rates of health and social problems?
What causes a lower level of economic growth when high-end consumption is neglected?
For the top 21 industrialised countries, what is lower in more unequal countries?
What is the cause of higher rates of health and social problems?
What happens to life expectancy in more unequal countries?
In what year did Robert J. Shiller win a Nobel Prize?
What is the most important problem in the United States?
What effect does high and persistent unemployment have on economic growth?
What can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions?
Increasing inequality harms what type of growth?
What nationality are Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett?
What have British researchers found about the rates of health and social problems?
What is the rate of social goods in Japan?
How many developed countries did Wilkinson and Pickett study?
What is higher in countries with higher levels of social goods than countries with lower levels of social goods?
What did higher material living standards lead to for most of human history?
Where does the pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still hold?
What increases rapidly as per capita income increases?
What country has a higher GDP per capita than Greece?
How was income distributed in Sweden and Japan?
What has strongly correlated with health in developed countries?
Who created the index of "Health and Social Problems"?
How many factors were used to create the index of "Health and Social Problems"?
Where are health and social problems more common?
What does the UNICEF index of child well-being in rich countries correlate with?
Crime rate has been shown to be correlated with what in society?
What are almost identically defined across all nations and jurisdictions?
How many studies have shown tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger?
What can about half of the variation in homicide rates be accounted for by?
What is the difference in homicide rates between the U.S. and Canadian Provinces?
What is the utilitarian principle of seeking for the greatest number?
A house that provides less utility to a millionaire than it would to a homeless family of five is an example of reduced what?
What will an additional dollar spent by a poor person go to?
What does reduced "distributive efficiency" in society do to marginal utility of wealth?
What will a society with more equality have for any given amount of wealth?
What is more important than income?
What political party is Will Wilkinson?
In what year was consumption inequality lower than it was in 1986?
Who wrote "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor"?
What is Thomas B. Edsall's profession?
What is Raghuram Rajan's profession?
What does Raghuram Rajan argue has created deep financial 'fault lines'?
What is the most recent example of a financial crisis?
What has political pressure developed to extend to the lower and middle income earners?
What has political pressure developed to extend to the lower and middle income earners?
What is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth spells?
What does high levels of inequality prevent?
According to IMF staff economists, if the income share of the top 20 percent (the rich) increases, GDP growth actually does what?
What is an increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent associated with?
Who matters the most for growth via a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels?
Who are David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela?
According to economists David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms what?
What does high and persistent unemployment have a negative effect on?
Why can unemployment harm growth?
What are policies aimed at reducing?
What did Joseph Stiglitz present in 2009?
How does global inequality and inequality prevent growth?
What was Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What is the main reason that income inequality harms growth?
What has become the secret to growth?
In what year did Galor and Zeira show that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfection has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development?
What was the effect of inequality in the presence of credit market imperfection on human capital formation and economic development?
What did Perotti study in 1996?
What is associated with lower levels of growth from reductions in private savings and investment?
What do very unequal societies tend to be?
What does high levels of inequality do to growth in relatively poor countries?
What does high levels of inequality do to growth in richer countries?
What is there little relation between income inequality and?
Where was Robert Barro from?
When did a study of Swedish counties find a positive impact of inequality on growth?
What states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases?
What is the Kuznets curve hypothesis?
Who challenged the Kuznets curve hypothesis?
What is Thomas Piketty's profession?
What reduced inequality from 1914 to 1945?
When did some theories develop that inequality may have a positive effect on economic development?
According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy were thought to offset what?
What did a 2013 report on Nigeria suggest about Nigeria's growth?
How long does it take for the effects of inequality to manifest?
What are longer growth spells associated with?
What must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth?
What can the effect of economic growth on poverty reduction depend on?
What is the effect of economic growth on poverty?
What organization is Ban Ki-Moon the Secretary General of?
What does Ban Ki-Moon say economic growth is not sufficient for?
What is held outside of the formal or legal property ownership registration system?
How is much unregistered property held in informal form?
What type of property is a failure to notarize transaction documents or having documents notarized but failing to have them recorded with the official agency?
How many steps can it take to build on government land?
In some countries it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on what?
What does David Rodda, Jacob Vigdor, and Janna Matlack argue is caused in part by income inequality?
What decreased as the demand for higher quality housing increased?
Why did the number of quality rental units decrease from 1984 to 1991?
What did landlords find in East New York?
What policy made it difficult or impossible for low income residents to keep pace?
How are the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care shared?
What are those on lower incomes worse equipped to manage?
What is the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts?
What is one method of achieving aspirational consumption?
What does aspirational consumption lead to?
What happens when there is less economic inequality?
What is multiplied by a multiplier?
What is the result of the increase of emissions per person being multiplied by a multiplier?
What would happen if population levels dropped to a sustainable level?
What do Socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to?
How much of the population lives off unearned property income?
What is the vast majority of the population dependent on?
What do socialists believe the means of production should be owned?
What do socialists believe income differentials would be in relation to individual contributions to the social product?
Who argued that government redistributes wealth by force?
Robert Nozick argued that government redistributes wealth by force in the form of what?
Robert Nozick argued that government redistributes wealth by what?
What did Nozick believe was the cause of some modern economic inequalities?
How did John Rawls argue that inequalities in the distribution of wealth are justified?
What does the capabilities approach look at income inequality and poverty as a form of?
Economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than what?
What is the goal of the capabilities approach?
What is the goal of the capabilities approach?
What is agency?
What happens when a person's capabilities are lowered?
What can an old, ill man not do?
What may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home?
Why are people unable to go to work if there is violence in the area?
What does this approach believe people can work towards?
Who produced Doctor Who?
In what year was the TARDIS first aired?
What is the name of Doctor Who's space ship?
What does the exterior of the TARDIS appear as?
What type of television program is Doctor Who?
When did Doctor Who first run?
Who relaunched Doctor Who in 2005?
What was the name of the pilot episode of Doctor Who in 1981?
Who produced the first Doctor Who series in the 21st century?
Who was in the title role of Doctor Who in the first series of the 21st century?
How many actors have appeared in the Doctor's series?
Who took on the role of the Doctor after Matt Smith's exit?
What was the name of the 2013 Christmas special?
When does the character of the Doctor take on a new body and new personality?
What does the character of the Doctor take on after sustaining an injury which would be fatal to most other species?
From what planet does the main character of Doctor Who originate?
What is the name of the time machine that The Doctor fled from Gallifrey in?
What is the name of the Mark I Type 40 TARDIS?
What allows the TARDIS to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise?
Why does the Doctor Who's TARDIS remain fixed as a blue British Police box?
How often does the Doctor travel alone?
Who is another renegade Time Lord?
What does the Doctor have the ability to do when his body is damaged?
The Doctor's companions are usually what?
What is the Doctor's profession?
When did Doctor Who first appear on the BBC?
What was the name of the second Doctor Who serial?
Why was the script for Doctor Who rejected?
Who was commissioned to write a story under the title The Mutants?
How long was each episode of Doctor Who?
How many seasons did Doctor Who last?
Who was the controller of BBC 1 in 1989?
What was the name of the documentary that reported on the cancellation of Doctor Who?
What did the BBC say about Doctor Who in 1990?
On what channel was Doctor Who broadcast in 1989?
What did the BBC hope to find an independent production company to do?
Who was a British expatriate who worked for Columbia Pictures' television arm in the United States?
On what network was Doctor Who broadcast in 1996?
How many viewers watched Doctor Who in the UK in 1996?
Where did Philip Segal work?
What episode of Doctor Who was broadcast on BBC One on March 26, 2005?
In what year did Doctor Who return with a Christmas Day special?
When was the last full series of Doctor Who filmed?
Who replaced Steven Moffat in 2018?
What type of specials have been broadcast every year since 2005?
The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct continuation of the original Doctor Who series from what years?
What version of Doctor Who is a direct continuation of the 1963-1989 series?
In what year was the telefilm about Doctor Who released?
What are two examples of reboots of Doctor Who?
The 2005 version of Doctor Who is similar to the 1988 continuation of what?
On what date did the BBC broadcast the second episode?
How long did it take for the first episode to go out?
How long was the first episode delayed?
Why was the first episode delayed by ten minutes?
What did the BBC believe caused many viewers to miss the introduction to the new series?
What phrase entered British pop culture?
Who named their exhibition "Behind the Sofa" in 1991?
What was the name of the Museum of the Moving Image's exhibition in 1991?
What did a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy call Doctor Who?
Who deemed Doctor Who the "scariest TV show of all time"?
What was the most violent show produced by the BBC in 1972?
What percentage of the BBC audience regarded Doctor Who as "very unsuitable" for family viewing?
Who said that comparing the violence of Doctor Who to other television series is like comparing Monopoly with the property market in London?
What was the name of the TV show that Dr Who was compared to?
In what newspaper did Philip Howard respond to the findings of the BBC audience survey?
What has become firmly linked to the Doctor Who show in the public's consciousness?
What design did the BBC use in merchandising associated with Doctor Who?
What did Anthony Coburn think a police box would be?
Who filed an objection to the trade mark claim?
In what year did the Patent Office rule in favor of the BBC?
How many seasons did Doctor Who run on BBC One?
When did Doctor Who end its run on BBC One?
How many episodes did The Daleks' Master Plan have?
What was the name of the rogue Time Lord in season 8 of Doctor Who?
What was the name of the 20th season of Doctor Who?
When did the serial format change?
How long are the self-contained episodes?
On what day was an extended episode of "The Simpsons" broadcast?
What was the name of the 2008 episode that exceeded an hour in length?
When was "The Eleventh Hour" broadcast?
How many Doctor Who episodes have been televised since 1963?
What is the most common format for Doctor Who episodes?
How many Christmas specials were produced?
How long was one of the Doctor Who Christmas specials?
In what year was the special "Planet of the Dead" filmed?
Who were the first two Doctors in Doctor Who?
How many of the 253 episodes produced during the first six years of the programme are not held in the BBC's archives?
Which seasons of Doctor Who are not held in the BBC's archives?
In what year did the practice of wiping tapes and destroying "spare" film copies stop?
When were large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's video tape and film libraries destroyed?
What did other countries do with the tapes that were returned to the BBC?
Who made early colour videotape recordings?
What is the name of the short clip from The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve?
On what type of film were excerpts filmed from the television screen?
Who retrieved the audio versions of the show?
Who released official reconstructions of The Invasion?
What animation studio was involved in the reconstruction of The Invasion?
When was The Invasion filmed?
What animation company created the missing episodes of The Reign of Terror?
When was The Invasion released on DVD?
What did producers introduce to allow the recasting of the main character?
When was the term "regeneration" first conceived?
What was the first reason for the concept of regeneration?
What did Hartnell's Doctor describe undergoing?
What did the Second Doctor undergo?
How many times can a Time Lord regenerate?
How many incarnations did the Time Lord have?
What was the name of the episode that depicted the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations?
Which serials established that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times for a total of 13 incarnations?
In what year did the TV film "The Time Lord" come out?
Who guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor in the run-up to the show's 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor"?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special?
Who portrayed the Valeyard in The Trial of a Time Lord?
What 1986 serial starred Michael Jayston as the Valeyard?
The Night of the Doctor was inserted into the show's fictional chronology between which two Doctors?
Who does the Eleventh Doctor meet in "The Name of the Doctor"?
In what 1973 episode did William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton return to star with Jon Pertwee?
Who did Troughton and Pertwee return with in 1983's The Five Doctors?
What is the name of the story in which the First Doctor encounters himself?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special episode?
Who appeared together in the 1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
What was the name of the audio drama that featured Paul McGann, Colin Baker, Sylvester McCoy and Peter Davison?
Who starred in The Four Doctors in 2010?
Who appeared together in the 1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
In what year was Project: Lazarus released?
What was the name of the episode in which the Eleventh Doctor clarified he was the product of the twelfth regeneration?
In what 1976 episode was it hinted that the First Doctor may not have been the first incarnation?
In what 1983 episode did the Fifth Doctor confirm that he was currently in his fifth incarnation?
In what episode did the Eleventh Doctor call himself "the Eleventh"?
When was Mawdryn Undead?
What was the name of the first serial in the Doctor's series?
What is the name of the Doctor's granddaughter?
In what year did "The Empty Child" air?
What happened to the Ninth Doctor's home planet in 2005?
In what series did the Doctor say he had a brother?
What type of companion is usually in Doctor Who?
What is the only story in the original series in which the Doctor travels alone?
Who was the first companion of the Doctor?
Who were Barbara Wright and Ian Chesterton?
What was the name of Mary Tamm and Lalla Ward's companion?
Who is the primary companion of the Doctor?
Who were the secondary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors?
Which Doctor became the first to travel with a married couple?
Who is the Doctor's newest traveling companion?
Who played Donna Noble?
Who was the executive producer of Doctor Who in 2005?
In what series did the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks appear?
What was the name of the second series of Doctor Who?
In what series did the Macra and the Master appear?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special of Doctor Who?
What are Doctor Who's oldest villains?
What planet are the Daleks from?
What is the main role of the Dalek in the series?
Who mutated the Daleks?
What is the main weakness of the Dalek?
Who is the Doctor's archenemy?
The Master is a what?
Who played The Master in the 1996 TV movie of Doctor Who?
What was the title of The Master?
Who was the first actor to play The Master?
Who provided the character's re-introduction in the 2007 episode "Utopia"?
What was the name of the episode in which the Tenth Doctor was re-introduced?
In what year was it revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation?
What was the name of the Master's female incarnation?
Who played Missy in the 2014 episode "Dark Water"?
Who composed the original theme?
Where was Delia Derbyshire from?
What type of techniques were used to build up the original theme?
The Derbyshire arrangement served as the theme tune up to the end of what season?
What did Grainer ask when he heard the final result?
Who recorded a new arrangement for Doctor Who in 1980?
Who replaced Peter Howell's arrangement for The Trial of a Time Lord?
What Doctor's era did Keff McCulloch provide a new arrangement for?
Who provided a new arrangement for the return of Doctor Who in 2005?
What was the name of the 2005 Christmas episode?
What was the name of the 2007 Christmas special?
What radio station charted the theme tune in 2011?
In what year did Gold return as composer for the Christmas special "Voyage of the Damned"?
What number did the theme tune chart on Classic FM's Hall of Fame in 2011?
Who was responsible for a new arrangement of the theme?
Who recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme in the 1970s?
Who released a disco version of the Doctor Who theme in 1978?
What number in the UK charts did Mankind's disco version of the Doctor Who theme reach in 1978?
What was the name of the single released by The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu?
What was the name of the single released by The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu?
Who was the most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years of Doctor Who?
What was Simpson's first Doctor Who score?
When did Simpson write music for Doctor Who?
What was the name of Simpson's 1979 score?
Where did Simpson make a cameo appearance as a Music hall conductor?
Who performed all the incidental music for the 2005 reboot of Doctor Who?
Who performed all the incidental music for the 2005 reboot of Doctor Who?
When was the Doctor Who Prom celebrated?
What was the name of the mini-episode filmed by Russell T Davies?
Who composed all the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
How many soundtrack releases have been released since 2005?
What series were the first tracks from?
What was included in the fourth series of "The Next Doctor to End of Time Part 2"?
What was the name of the 2010 Christmas special?
When was the soundtrack for Series 5 released?
What was reused for the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor"?
What had the "DW" TARDIS insignia removed?
What is the primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors?
What logo was used for the Third Doctor's final season?
Which Doctor had the "DW" TARDIS insignia placed to the right in 2012?
After what event did the first episode of Doctor Who premiere?
Where did Doctor Who first appear?
When was the second period of high ratings for Doctor Who?
When was the "Dalekmania" period?
On what channel are episodes of Doctor Who now repeated?
When did the ITV network strike occur?
What was seen as poor at the time?
What was the most popular soap opera at the time?
What was Coronation Street?
When was the third notable period of high ratings?
What channel broadcast The Five Doctors?
In what country did Silver Nemesis air?
Where was the 1996 television film 'Silver Nemesis' broadcast?
How long before the broadcast of The Five Doctors did CITV broadcast it?
When did the 20th anniversary special of The Five Doctors begin?
Who first broadcast the show in Australia?
What did the ABC provide for the 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors?
Along with BBC UKTV, SF, and SyFy, on what television channel did the ABC broadcast repeats of The Five Doctors?
What did the ABC do in 2003 for the show's 40th anniversary?
Where did the ABC first broadcast the modern series of The Five Doctors?
In what year did TVOntario begin airing The Three Doctors?
What was the name of the first TVOntario show?
What channel did The Three Doctors move to in 2009?
What episode of TVOntario was cancelled due to accusations that the story was racist?
Who was the science-fiction writer who aired The Three Doctors from 1979 to 1981?
Who recorded special video introductions for each episode of CBC?
What was played over the closing credits for the Canadian broadcast of "The Christmas Invasion"?
What was the name of the broadcast that featured a special video introduction from Billie Piper?
When did CBC begin airing series two?
On what day did the CFL double header occur in most of the country?
In what countries are Doctor Who serials available on DVD?
How many original series serials have been released on LaserDisc?
What is the name of the episode of Doctor Who that was released on VCD?
What was the name of the 1970 episode of Doctor Who that was released on Blu-ray?
When was the Doctor Who series released on Blu-ray?
Who played the role of the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday?
What was the name of the play that Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker played the Doctor in?
What was the name of Terry Nation's play?
What was Trevor Martin's role in in the 1970s?
Who played the Doctor for two performances while Pertwee was ill?
What was the name of the 13-part series produced by Russell T Davies?
When did Torchwood first air?
When did a second series of Torchwood air?
What was the name of the fifth series of Torchwood?
What was the name of the fourth series of Torchwood?
Who starred in The Sarah Jane Adventures?
When did the full series of Sarah Jane Adventures begin?
In what year did David Tennant appear as the Tenth Doctor?
In what year did Matt Smith appear as the Eleventh Doctor?
Why was the fifth series unfinished?
What was the name of the charity special that was produced for Children in Need?
What charity was Dimensions in Time produced for?
What soap opera did Dimensions in Time feature a crossover with?
What did the Pulfrich effect require?
What did the 3D system use to produce the special?
What was the name of the 1999 special that was made for Comic Relief?
How many segments were in Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death?
Who played the Doctor Who in the 1999 special?
Who played the Doctor's subsequent incarnations?
Who was Steven Moffat?
What is the name of Star Trek: The Next Generation?
What are the Family Guy episodes of Doctor Who?
What was the name of the Channel 4 show that portrayed Vince as an avid Doctor Who fan?
Which character on Coupling is portrayed as a Doctor Who collector?
What are the names of the young adult fantasy novels written by Doctor Who?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who-related audio release?
How long was the narrated abridgement of The Chase?
What was the name of the first original Doctor Who audio release?
In what year was the first commercially available audiobook released?
What was the name of the first radio drama?
What were the earliest series of Doctor Who audios?
What was the name of the 2013 series?
Who has released several series of Doctor Who audios on CD since 1999?
In what year did Big Finish Productions first release a series of Doctor Who audios on CD?
When did Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor begin appearing for Big Finish?
In what year did the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures begin to be published?
When were Doctor Who books first published?
How long has a dedicated Doctor Who Magazine been published?
Who publishes the dedicated Doctor Who Magazine?
Who published a new range of novels since the relaunch of Doctor Who?
When was the Doctor Who character created?
Who created the Doctor Who character?
Who have expressed distaste for the idea of Doctor Who stories?
Who continues to produce television episodes of Doctor Who?
In what year did The Doctor win the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series?
When did the National Television Awards take place?
In what year was Matt Smith nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor?
Who was the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for the series?
What award did Michelle Gomez receive for her work as Missy?
Where is Doctor Who listed as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world?
Who was honoured with an Institutional Peabody in 2013?
What type of music did Doctor Who use in its original run?
In what year did the Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody?
What was the largest simulcast of a TV drama?
What season of Doctor Who won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial?
What was voted the best popular drama by the BBC in 1996?
In 2000, what was Doctor Who ranked in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century?
What magazine rated Doctor Who as the Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever?
What was the number of Greatest Kids' TV shows in 2001?
What is the highest-profile and prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated?
How many BAFTA TV Awards did Doctor Who win?
How many wins did Doctor Who have at the BAFTA Cymru Awards?
In what year was Doctor Who voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4?
What award was the episode "Vincent and the Doctor" shortlisted for?
How many times has Doctor Who won the Short Form of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation?
How many awards has Doctor Who been nominated for?
How many awards has Doctor Who won?
Who won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards?
What was the name of the 2010 episode of Doctor Who that won the Short Form of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation?
Who is a Dalek?
Who frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series?
What does Spike Milligan hurl at the toilet?
What has been lampooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live, The Chaser's War on Everything, Mystery Science Theater 3000, Family Guy, American Dad!, Futurama, South Park, Community as Inspector Spacetime, The Simpsons and The Big Bang Theory?
Jon Culshaw impersonates the Fourth Doctor in what series?
What type of university is the University of Chicago?
When was the University of Chicago established?
How many professional schools are there at the University of Chicago?
How many academic research divisions are there at the University of Chicago?
How many students are in the University of Chicago's College?
What have the University of Chicago scholars played a major role in the development of?
Who developed the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction?
Where was the first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction developed?
What is the largest university press in the US?
What is the estimated completion date for the Barack Obama Presidential Center?
Who founded the University of Chicago?
Who donated a donation to the University of Chicago?
Who was the first president of the University of Chicago?
When did William Rainey Harper become president of the University of Chicago?
When were the first classes held at the University of Chicago?
Who donated land to the University of Chicago?
Who provided the funds for the first building of the University of Chicago?
What was the name of the first building at the University of Chicago?
What was Marshall Field's pledge?
Who was the trustee, treasurer, and donor of Hutchinson Commons?
What colleges did the University of Chicago affiliate with in the 1890s?
In what year did the University of Chicago affiliate with Shimer College?
What did the University of Chicago agree to confer a degree on a graduating senior from an affiliated school?
What happened to the University of Chicago's affiliation program in 1910?
When did the University of Chicago's affiliation with Shimer College pass into history?
Who was the University of Chicago's fifth president in 1929?
What is the name of the liberal arts curriculum at the University of Chicago?
Why did Hutchins eliminate varsity football from the University of Chicago?
How long was Hutchins president?
In what year did Robert Maynard Hutchins take office?
When did student applications decline in the Hyde Park neighborhood?
Why did student applications decline in the 1950s?
When were students enrolled at Shimer allowed to transfer to the University of Chicago?
In what neighborhood did the urban renewal project take place?
What did the early entrant program do?
When did students occupy President George Beadle's office?
Why did students occupy President George Beadle's office?
When was the Kalven Report issued?
How long was the Kalven Report?
The Kalven Report was a two-page statement of the university's policy in what?
When did the University of Chicago begin expansion projects?
What did the University of Chicago announce in 2008?
How much will the Milton Friedman Institute cost?
What building will the Milton Friedman Institute occupy?
Who donated $300 million to the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business?
What are the first buildings of the University of Chicago campus known as?
How many quadrangles are in the Main Quadrangles?
Who designed the buildings of the Main Quadrangles?
What is Mitchell Tower modeled after?
What is Hutchinson Hall modeled after?
When did the Gothic style on the campus begin to give way to modern styles?
Who designed the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle?
What is the name of the school designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe?
Edward Durrell Stone designed a building that is to become the home of what school?
When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center built?
Where is the Booth School of Business located?
The Center in Paris is located on the left bank of what river?
In what year did the University of Chicago open a center in Beijing?
What university's campus is near the University of Chicago's Beijing center?
When did the University of Chicago's Hong Kong center open?
Who governs the University of Chicago?
How many members are on the University of Chicago's Board of Trustees?
How many Vice Presidents are there at the University of Chicago?
Who is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees?
Who is the President of the University of Chicago?
Who accreditation the University of Chicago?
How many divisions of graduate research are there at the University of Chicago?
How many professional schools are there at the University of Chicago?
How many majors does the College of the University of Chicago grant Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in?
How many minors are granted by the College of the University of Chicago?
How many divisions are the college's academics divided into?
What division administers interdisciplinary majors?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's core curriculum?
How many students were in the core classes at the University of Chicago in 2012-2013?
According to Uni in the USA, what type of learning experience does the University of Chicago offer?
Who said that the University of Chicago provides the most rigorous, intense learning experience?
What is the name of the private day school for K-12 students at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the residential treatment program at the University of Chicago?
How many public charter schools are there at the University of Chicago?
How many public charter schools are there at the University of Chicago?
Where is the Hyde Park Day School located?
How many libraries are in the University of Chicago Library system?
How many volumes does the University of Chicago Library contain?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's main library?
When was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library built?
How many volumes does the John Crerar Library contain?
How many research institutes does the University of Chicago operate?
How many research centers are on Chicago's campus?
What is the name of the museum and research center owned and operated by the University of Chicago?
What particle physics laboratory does Chicago have a joint stake in?
Where is the Apache Point Observatory located?
What has the University of Chicago played an important role in in economics?
What was the name of the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction at the University of Chicago?
What was the name of the chemical experiment at the University of Chicago?
When was REM sleep discovered at the University of Chicago?
In what year did the University of Chicago offer a doctorate in music composition?
When did the University of Chicago offer a master of fine arts in the humanities with a creative writing track?
In what year did the University of Chicago offer a bachelor's degree in Cinema & Media studies?
In what year did the University of Chicago offer a bachelor's degree in theater & performance studies?
How many major and non-major undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in the fall quarter of 2014?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in its four graduate divisions in 2014?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in its professional schools in 2014?
How many students were enrolled in the fall quarter of 2014?
In the 2012 Spring Quarter, who comprised almost 19% of the overall study body?
The Chicago Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of what organization?
What division do the Chicago Maroons compete in?
What conference was the Chicago Maroons a founding member of?
Who was the first winner of the Heisman Trophy?
Who was the president of the University of Chicago in 1939?
How many RSOs are there at the University of Chicago?
What does RSO stand for?
What is a notable extracurricular group at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the nation's longest continuously running student film society?
What is the name of the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe?
Who are the members of the University of Chicago Student Government?
What is the leader of the Student Government?
How many Vice Presidents are on the Executive Committee?
What is the annual budget of the University of Chicago Student Government?
How many fraternities are at the University of Chicago?
How many sororities are there at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
How many of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council?
When does the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt take place?
When did the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt begin?
What does FOTA stand for?
What is the name of the winter festival held at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the annual summer carnival held at the University of Chicago?
Who is Microsoft's CEO?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who was the former Governor of New Jersey?
Who was the founder of McKinsey & Company?
Who was the founder of modern community organizing?
Who was Bill Clinton's top political advisor?
Who is an alumni of the U.S. Supreme Court?
Who is the Governor of the Bank of Japan?
Who is a notable prohibition agent?
Who wrote "The Closing of the American Mind"?
Who is an alumni of Stanford University?
Who wrote Before I Fall?
Who wrote ''The Good War'?
Who is the Pulitzer Prize winning novelist?
Who is the minimalist composer?
Who is the founder of the Halo video game series?
What video game series is Alex Seropian a developer of?
Who is a Pulitzer Prize winning film critic and the subject of the 2014 documentary film Life Itself?
Who is the director, writer, and comedian of Life Itself?
Who is a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life?
Who was a NASA astronaut?
Who is a popular environmentalist?
Who was the lithium-ion battery developer?
Who developed the uranium-lead dating method into lead-lead dating?
Who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who was the Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who is known for his work on portfolio theory, asset pricing and stock market behaviour?
Who are two notable alumni of the White House?
Who is a notable chess grandmaster?
Who is the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council?
Who discovered the Compton Effect?
Who discovered the Compton Effect?
Who created the first nuclear reactor?
Who was one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century?
Who was the second female Nobel laureate?
Who was a past faculty member of McKinsey & Co.?
Which mathematician was a past faculty member of McKinsey?
Who was a past faculty member of McKinsey?
Who won a Nobel Prize for his work on actinide?
Who are two cancer researchers at McKinsey?
Who is the current governor of India's central bank?
What company is Hank Paulson a former CEO of?
Who is a Shakespeare scholar?
Who are renowned political scientists?
Which paleontologists are on the faculty?
What was the pinyin name of the Yuan dynasty?
What was the official name of the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan declare the Yuan dynasty?
What empire was the Yuan dynasty a successor to?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty did the Yuan dynasty precede?
Who did Kublai Khan place on the imperial records as the official founder of the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan establish the Yuan dynasty?
Where is the sentence "Dà Yuan" from?
What was the counterpart in Mongolian?
What does Yeke Mongghul Ulus mean?
What was the nominal title of the Yuan emperors before the establishment of the Yuan dynasty?
What tribes did Genghis Khan unite?
When did Genghis Khan become Great Khan?
Who was Genghis' third son?
In what year did Möngke Khan succeed Güyük as Great Khan?
Who was Kublai?
Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against whom?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
Who were the two Han Chinese leaders?
How many troops did each Tumen consist of?
How many Khitan Tumens did Shimobeidier, Tabuyir, and Xiaozhacizhizizhongxi command?
What was Shi Tianze's nationality?
What dynasty did Shi Tianze live in?
What type of interethnic marriage became common in the Jin dynasty?
Who was Shi Tianze's father?
What dynasty did Töregene Khatun invade?
Who began a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
Where did Möngke Khan begin a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
When did Möngke Khan die?
Who challenged Kublai's claim to the throne?
What was the Chinese era name of Kublai?
Whose grandson Kaidu refused to submit to Kublai and threatened the western frontier of Kublai's domain?
Where did the Song dynasty remain an obstacle?
Who did Kublai install as the ruler of Korea?
What border did Kublai secure in 1259?
In what year did Li Tan instigate a revolt against Mongol rule?
What was Kublai's government a compromise between?
What did Kublai leave unchanged?
Who occupied the lowest rank in Yuan society?
How many classes did Kublai divide Yuan society into?
What were the traditional monopolies of Kublai's government?
Where was the Mongol capital located in Mongolia?
Where did the Mongol capital move to in 1264?
When did the Mongol capital move from Karakorum to Khanbaliq?
What was the former Jurchen capital?
What rituals did Khublai follow to evoke his public image as a sage emperor?
What types of growth did Kublai Khan promote?
What is Pax Mongolica?
Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from what part of China?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal?
Who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China?
Who accompanied the Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou to Quzhou?
When was the Jin dynasty established?
When did the Jin dynasty end?
What was the name of Kong Duanyou's brother?
How many descendants of Confucius lived in Quzhou?
Where did Kublai strengthen his government?
When did Kublai besiege Xiangyang?
Kublai besieged Xiangyang between 1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture what?
What was the capital of China in 1276?
What happened to the last Song emperor?
When did Kublai's government face financial difficulties?
Why did Kublai's second invasion of Japan fail?
Where did the Tran dynasty rule?
At what battle did the Tran dynasty defeat the Mongols?
When was the Battle of Bch ng?
When was the conquest of Dali?
Who did Kublai initially name as the Crown Prince?
When did Zhenjin die?
What was Temür Khan's nickname?
When did Temür Khan rule?
Who was the fourth Yuan emperor?
What was Buyantu Khan the first Yuan emperor to do?
Who mentored Buyantu Khan?
What did Buyantu Khan liquidate?
When were traditional imperial examinations reintroduced for prospective officials?
Who was Ayurbarwada's son and successor?
When did Gegeen Khan rule?
Who was Gegeen Khan's new grand chancellor?
What does Da Yuan Tong Zhi mean?
How many princes were involved in the coup that killed Gegeen?
Where did Ragibagh die?
What was the civil war against Ragibagh called?
How long after a banquet did Kusala die?
Who purged pro-Kusala officials?
Who was recalled to Khanbaliq by the Qipchaq commander El Temür?
What is Tugh Temür known for?
What was Tugh Temür's most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning?
When was the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature founded?
What was the name of the compilation of the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature?
What did Tugh Temür do?
When did Tugh Temür die?
Who was Rinchinbal?
How old was Toghun Temür when he died?
How many successors did Kublai Khan have?
What dynasties did Toghtogha finish in 1345?
What were the final years of the Yuan dynasty marked by?
Why did the Mongols lose influence in China?
Who were the later Yuan emperors separated from?
What happened to China without interference from the Yuan armies?
What were the later Yuan emperors uninterested in?
When did people in the countryside suffer from frequent natural disasters?
What was the name of the uprising in 1351?
Why did Toghun Temür dismiss him?
Who did Toghtogha crush in 1354?
When was the Mng dynasty?
What promoted trade between East and West during the Yuan dynasty?
Who produced a fair amount of cultural exchange during the Yuan dynasty?
Who was the Yuan dynasty's subordinate in Persia?
What Eastern crops were introduced during the Yuan dynasty?
What type of musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts?
Which two religions enjoyed a period of toleration?
What religion endured persecutions in favor of Buddhism from the Yuan government?
What type of government practices were reinstated by the Yuan court?
What fields were advances made in?
Who was the most famous traveler of the period?
What was the capital of the Great Khan?
What is the English translation of Il milione?
What was the name of Marco Polo's account of his travels?
How did Marco Polo acquire much of his knowledge?
Who helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year?
How many seconds off the modern Gregorian calendar was Guo Shoujing's accuracy?
What was ordered to prevent famines?
What city became the terminus of the Grand Canal of China?
What was a major food crop in the Yuan period?
Who ruled all of China during the Yuan dynasty?
What do Mongols worship?
What dynasty is considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Yuan dynasty and the Ming dynasty?
What dynasty overthrew the Yuan dynasty?
What did Chinese people consider the Yuan dynasty to be?
What cultures did the Yuan bureaucracy reflect?
What dynasties were the Chinese-style elements of the Yuan bureaucracy from?
Who gave strong influence to Kublai's early court?
What type of division of authority did the Yuan government adopt?
The Yuan government adopted the traditional Chinese tripartite division of authority among what offices?
Where did the military authority in Yuan times reside?
When were the Six Ministries introduced?
Who had separate courts of justice?
What was insignificance compared to native Chinese dynasties?
When was the 'Phags-pa script invented?
What languages did the 'Phags-pa script spell?
How did most emperors speak Chinese?
Who was the Emperor Wenzong?
What was Tugh Temur's name?
By what year were commoners selling their children into slavery?
When did Kublai forbade the sale of Mongols abroad?
What was eaten up by the costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty?
What areas of art were developed during the Yuan dynasty?
What arts came together during the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty was linked to the Yuan dynasty?
What form of poetry was used by most of the famous Yuan poets?
What was the name of the variety show in the Yuan dynasty?
What khanates did the Yuan dynasty not convert to Islam?
What religion did Kublai Khan favor?
What religion was established as the de facto state religion in the Yuan dynasty?
What was the top-level department and government agency known as?
What sect of Tibetan Buddhism did Kublai Khan favor?
When was Zhu Shijie born?
When did Zhu Shijie die?
Zhu Shijie solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern what?
What did mathematicians make advances in during the Yuan era?
When was the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns written?
What did Guo Shoujing do?
What did Gou derive for his astronomical calculations?
What calendar was disseminated in 1281 as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty?
What is another name for the Shoushi Li?
When was the Shoushi Li disseminated as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty?
What were otachi?
What did the Mongols use that was different from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism?
What did Mongol shamanism use instead of herbal remedies?
What did Kublai create to manage medical treatises?
Why were Confucian scholars attracted to the medical profession?
How many schools did the Yuan inherit from the Jin dynasty?
What did the Yuan inherit from the Jin dynasty?
What did the Mongols do as they expanded towards the west?
What Chinese medical techniques were transmitted westward to the Middle East and the rest of the empire?
When did Wei Yilin die?
What is another name for Western medicine?
Who founded the Office of Western Medicine?
When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?
Why did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
What philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine did Chinese physicians oppose?
How was Chinese printing technology transferred to the Mongols?
Who wrote Nong Shu?
When was earthenware movable type invented?
Who was gedei's wife?
When did the Mongols create the Imperial Library Directorate?
What was the paper money of the Yuan?
What were the chao made from?
When did the Yuan government switch to bronze plates?
What did the Yuan government use to print paper money?
When did the Il-khanate government issue paper money?
What type of government did Kublai Khan create?
Kublai Khan's government was the result of a compromise between Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and what?
Who were the Mongols and the Semuren?
What type of coloration did the Mongols and Semuren have in the Yuan dynasty?
In what dynasty did Persians reach the highest post in the government?
Who did the Mongols import to serve as administrators in China?
Who did the Mongols send to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara?
Where did the Mongols send Han Chinese to?
What did the Mongols send Han Chinese to Central Asia?
Who was the Governor of Samarqand?
What were some of the policies of the Yuan Emperors that discriminated against Muslims?
What practice did the Yuan Emperors restrict for Jews?
Who was the founder of the Ming?
What did the Chinese surname "barracks" mean?
Who revolted against the Yuan dynasty in the Ispah Rebellion?
Who wrote that the use of the term "social classes" for this system was misleading?
What did Mote say the four-class system entailed?
What type of Chinese were in the four-class system?
What did the Mongol and Semu do?
Which Chinese were ranked higher?
What Chinese class was ranked lower than the Northern Chinese?
Why were Southern Chinese ranked lower?
How were people ranked in the class when they surrendered to the Mongols?
What did major commerce during this era give rise to favorable conditions for?
Who surrendered peacefully without violently resisting?
Who was ranked higher than the Uighur King of Qocho?
Who objected to the Mongols placing the Uighurs over the Koreans?
How did the Uighurs respond to the Koreans' surrender?
What was considered the most important region of the dynasty?
Who governed the Central Region?
Where was the Central Secretariat located?
Where is Khanbaliq located?
What is another name for the Central Secretariat?
Where is Kenya located?
What does EAC stand for?
What is Kenya's largest city?
What country borders Kenya to the south?
How many people lived in Kenya in July 2014?
What type of climate does Kenya have?
What is the climate like in the savannah grasslands?
What mountain in Kenya has snow permanently on its peaks?
Along the border with what two countries are the north-eastern regions of Kenya bordered?
What is Kenya known for?
Since what period has the African Great Lakes region been inhabited by humans?
When did the Bantu expansion reach the area from West-Central Africa?
What populations make up 97% of Kenya's residents?
When did European exploration of the interior of Kenya begin?
When did Kenya get independence?
What is the Republic of Kenya named after?
What are the Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words that mean "God's resting place"?
What do Kirinyaga, Kirenyaa and Kiinyaa mean?
What was the name of Mt. Kenya believed by most to be a corruption of the Kamba version?
What do some believe was the difference between the two versions of the name?
Who created an 1882 map that indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia?
In what year was Mt. Kenya indicated as Mt. Kenia?
What are the game animals of Africa?
What are the "Big Five" game animals of Africa?
Where can the "Big Five" game animals be found?
When does the annual animal migration occur?
How far do the two million wildebeest migrate from the Serengeti to the Masai Mara?
How long ago did primates roam in Kenya?
When did Homo habilis and Homo erectus live in Kenya?
Who discovered the Turkana Boy?
How old was the Turkana Boy?
Who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill?
Who built Mombasa into a major port city?
What was the name of the port city that the Swahili built?
Who claimed that Mombasa is a place of great traffic and has a good harbour?
What coast has played host to many merchants and explorers?
Which city has been an important Swahili settlement since the 14th century?
Since what century has Malindi been an important Swahili settlement?
When did World War I begin?
Who agreed to a truce at the outbreak of World War I?
Who took command of the German military forces?
What did Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck do?
Where did Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck surrender?
Where did the Kikuyu people live?
How did the Kikuyu live?
What did the Kikuyu do to protect their interests?
How many white settlers lived in Kenya in the 1950s?
When was the capture of Warhi Itote?
What was the result of the capture of Warhi Itote?
When did Operation Anvil begin?
How many Mau Mau were killed by the end of Operation Anvil?
What was the most important land tenure change?
When did the first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council take place?
Who formed the government of Kenya?
When did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya end?
In what year did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya end?
What was Kenya's republic name in 1964?
What was the mlolongo system?
What did the mlolongo system lead to?
Who won re-election in 1992 and 1997?
What type of republic is Kenya?
What is the president's position in Kenya?
How is executive power in Kenya?
Where is Legislative power vested in Kenya?
What is independent of the executive and the legislature?
How does Kenya rank on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index?
What does the CPI aim to do?
Where did Kenya rank in the CPI in 2012?
What is an example of a significant development in the fight against corruption from the Kenyan government?
What party did President Kibaki run under?
Who did Kibaki run against in the Presidential elections?
What happened to Odinga's lead as the ECK continued to count the votes?
Who declared himself the people's president?
What did the government and civil society organisations start since the election riots?
What organization initiated community dialogues?
Who started peace meetings in Kenya?
What was started after the election riots?
When did Kibaki and Odinga sign an agreement on the formation of a coalition government?
What was Odinga's position in Kenya's government?
What camps would the president appoint cabinet ministers from?
How would the president appoint cabinet ministers?
How long would the coalition hold?
What will the new office of the PM have?
Who brought the former rivals to the signing ceremony?
Where was the signing ceremony?
When did PNU and ODM begin working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement?
What was the goal of the power-sharing agreement?
What was the goal of the new constitution?
When was a referendum to vote on the proposed constitution held?
What did the new constitution do?
When was the new constitution promulgated?
What did the new constitution herald?
When did President Uhuru Kenyatta sign a Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What was the purpose of the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Who criticised the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Why did opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries criticize the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Who issued a press statement cautioning about the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What were the trial dates of Kenyatta and Ruto?
Who was the first US president to visit Kenya while in office?
What country did Kenyatta visit in the summer of 2013?
When did Obama visit Kenya?
Where are the armed forces deployed?
What caused the Waki Commission to congratulate the armed forces?
What have there been serious allegations of during counter-insurgency operations in the Mt Elgon area?
What has been tainted by corruption allegations?
Why have the armed forces been less tainted?
What were allegations of corruption made in 2010?
What has been publicly questioned?
What is the HDI of Kenya?
What is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa?
How much did 17.7% of Kenyans live on as of 2005?
What is Kenya classified as?
What boosted East and Central Africa's service sector?
What is an important catalyst of economic growth?
What is the smallest sector in East and Central Africa?
What percentage of East and Central Africa's GDP comes from the unreliable agricultural sector?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP is from the services sector?
What is Kenya's largest foreign exchange earning sector?
What has the tourism sector exhibited in most years since independence?
What are the main attractions for tourists in Kenya?
What countries make up the largest number of tourists in Kenya?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP is agriculture?
What are the main cash crops in Kenya?
What is the second largest contributor to Kenya's GDP?
What is the production of major food staples such as corn subject to?
Who led the consortium to help farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties?
Why can pigeon peas be grown in dry areas?
How did successful projects encourage the commercialisation of legumes?
What did the ICRISAT project help to do?
What is the commercialisation of pigeon pea now doing?
Where are tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat grown?
What crops are grown in the fertile highlands?
Where does livestock predominate in Kenya?
What percentage of Kenyans live below the poverty line?
What is the name of the Red Cross initiative?
What is the most industrially developed country in the African Great Lakes region?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP is made up of manufacturing?
What are the three largest urban centres in Kenya?
What does Jua Kali engage in?
What has given a boost to Kenya's manufacturing?
When did the African Growth and Opportunity Act take effect?
Where does most of Kenya's electricity supply come from?
What are the names of the two dams that supply most of Kenya's electricity?
When was the Kenya Electricity Generating Company established?
Where has Kenya proven deposits of oil?
Tullow Oil estimates Kenya's oil reserves to be what?
What is continuing to determine if there are more reserves in Kenya?
What percentage of the national import bill does petroleum account for?
How much did China invest in Kenya in 2013?
What did China's investment in Kenya represent?
What did Kenyatta hope to gain from China?
Who shipped the first major consignment of minerals to China?
What has China been causing?
What was the name of the economic development program that Kenya launched in 2007?
What is Vision 2030?
What did the Kenyan government launch in 2013?
Why did the Kenyan government launch a National Climate Change Action Plan?
What did the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030 emphasise?
What are most working children active in?
What percentage of girls in Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution in 2006?
What age are most prostitutes in Kenya?
What are the causes of child labour in Kenya?
How do Kenya's ethnic groups speak their mother tongues?
What are the two official languages of Kenya?
Where is English spoken in Kenya?
Where is British English primarily used?
What religion do the majority of Kenyans belong to?
What religion do 47.7% of Kenyans consider themselves to be?
How many followers does the Presbyterian Church of East Africa have?
Where is the only Jewish synagogue in Kenya?
What percentage of Kenya's population is nonreligious?
What percentage of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region?
What are the western areas of the Coast Region?
How many Hindus live in Kenya?
Who treat 80% of the population who visit dispensaries, health centres and private clinics?
Who is referred to for complicated cases in Kenya?
How many qualified nurses were there in Kenya in 2011?
How many doctors were there in Kenya in 2011?
What directly correlates with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution?
How many Kenyans live below the poverty level?
What are the biggest burdens on Kenyans?
What are the main causes of poverty in Kenya?
How many cases of malaria did Kenya have in 2006?
Who introduced Kenya's first system of education?
When was Kenya's independence?
What was the name of the authority formed after Kenya's independence?
What was the focus of the Ominde Commission?
What system was adopted between 1964 and 1985?
What was the Presidential Working Party on the Second University commissioned to do in 1981?
What was the new system of education in Kenya called?
What was the new system of education in Kenya called?
When did the last batch of students from the 7–4–2–3 system graduate from Kenyan Universities?
When was the current 8–4–4 system launched?
What did the 8–4–4 system put more emphasis on?
Why did the 8–4–4 system put more emphasis on vocational subjects?
When did the Government of Kenya announce the introduction of free primary education?
How much did primary school enrolment increase in 2003?
At what age does basic formal education begin?
How many years does basic formal education last?
What do those who exit primary school do?
What do those who finish high school do?
What is the literacy level in Kenya?
Preschool targets children from what age?
What is preschool?
What does the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education determine?
What does KCSE stand for?
What does KNLS stand for?
What is the KNLS mandated to do?
What is a public library seen as?
Why is a public library seen as a peoples university?
What are some sports that Kenya is active in?
What is Kenya known for?
Who dominates the world of distance running?
Which two countries have reduced Kenya's distance running supremacy?
How many gold medals did Kenya win during the Beijing Olympics?
What is Kenya's ranking in the 2008 Olympics?
What prize did Jelimo win?
What has caused controversy in Kenyan athletics circles?
Why do most of the defections occur?
What sport has Kenya been a dominant force in?
What is Kenya's most successful team sport?
In what year did Kenya reach the semi-finals of the Cricket World Cup?
Who is Kenya's current captain?
When was the suspension of the Kenya Football Federation lifted?
What is one of the toughest rallies in the world?
What is the Safari Rally known for?
Who are some of the best rally drivers in the world?
How many meals do Kenyans usually have in a day?
What are the two types of tea that Kenyans have in the morning?
What is the typical breakfast in Kenya?
What is eaten by most of the population for lunch or supper?
The IPCC is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of what organization?
Who first established the IPCC?
What is the ultimate goal of the UNFCCC?
What is the main international treaty on climate change?
What was the IPCC endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly?
Who is the chair of the IPCC?
What nationality is Hoesung Lee?
Who was Hoesung Lee's vice-Chair before he was elected to the IPCC?
Who was the IPCC chair in 1988?
When did Rajendra K. Pachauri resign?
Who is the IPCC Panel composed of?
How many government officials attended the 2003 IPCC meeting?
Who attended the 2003 IPCC meeting?
How many participants were from governmental organizations at the 2003 IPCC meeting?
When was the IPCC Trust Fund established?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What organization established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What is the IPCC required to comply with?
What does WMO stand for?
What does the IPCC not do?
What do lead authors of IPCC reports assess?
What are "grey literature"?
What are examples of non-peer-reviewed sources?
How many coordinating lead authors does a chapter typically have?
How many lead authors are there in a chapter?
How many "contributing authors" are there in a chapter?
Who is responsible for assembling the contributions of other authors?
Who do the coordinating lead authors report to?
What does the WG I Summary for Policymakers report say emissions resulting from human activities are?
What does the WG I Summary for Policymakers report say emissions resulting from human activities are resulting in?
How much of the enhanced greenhouse effect has CO2 been responsible for?
What scenario does the WG I Summary for Policymakers predict global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the 21st century?
How much has the global mean surface air temperature increased over the last 100 years?
In what year did 16 national science academies issue a joint statement on climate change?
Who issued a joint statement on climate change in 2001?
What journal was the statement published in?
How much certainty is there that temperatures will continue to rise?
How much is the average global surface temperature projected to increase by 2100?
Who has made a number of criticisms of the TAR?
What did Richard Lindzen say about the WGI Summary for Policymakers?
Who was a co-chair of the TAR WGI?
Who was John Houghton?
John Houghton stresses that any changes to the SPM must be supported by what?
What does the preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follow?
In what year were two IPCC Special Reports finalized?
In what year were two IPCC Special Reports finalized?
How were the Special Reports finalized?
What other activities does the IPCC support?
What are factors used to derive emissions estimates based on the levels of fuel consumption, industrial production and so on?
What are default emission factors used to derive emissions estimates?
The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant who?
What has the IPCC acknowledged is incorrect?
What did the IPCC express regret for?
The date of 2035 has been correctly quoted from what report?
What is the name of the ICSI report that incorrectly quoted the date of 2035?
What position did Robert Watson hold?
What did Robert Watson say the mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of?
What was Martin Parry's position at the IPCC?
What did Martin Parry say was a single unfortunate error over?
What did Parry say about the other alleged mistakes?
In what year was the "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction" based?
Who wrote the "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction"?
What is the Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction referred to as?
Who cited reconstructions of the MBH99 finding?
What time period did the studies show the current warming period was exceptional in comparison to?
Who held a press event in May 2000?
Where did Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project hold a press event in May 2000?
On what date did Wibjörn Karlén and Fred Singer argue against the MBH99 graph?
Where did Wibjörn Karlén and Singer argue against the MBH99 graph?
Who was chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce in 2005?
Who was the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations?
When did Rep. Joe Barton write joint letters with Ed Whitfield?
Who was chairman of the House Science Committee in 2005?
Who was chairman of the House Science Committee in 2005?
In what year was the Third Assessment Report published?
When was the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report published?
How many of the 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
What problem affecting certain tree ring data was discussed in the Fourth Assessment Report?
How many reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
When was the IPCC's major report on climate published?
What did a 2007 study suggest?
What did the IPCC's 2001 projection say about temperature and sea level change?
What did the IPCC's 2001 projection say about sea level rise?
What is another example of a study that suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them?
What was the projected sea levels in 2100?
What was the projected sea levels in 2100?
When was the IPCC's Third Assessment Report published?
What was Michael Oppenheimer's role in the IPCC?
What magazine did Michael Oppenheimer work for?
What did Michael Oppenheimer ask for instead of the large scale approach?
What protocol was based on in the case of Ozone depletion?
In what case did the Kyoto Protocol fail?
Who still follow different, if not opposing goals of the IPCC?
Who compared global warming to the ozone depletion case?
What remains an unsolved problem in the case of the IPCC conclusions and the failure of the Kyoto Protocol?
The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge was based on successfully reducing what?
Who ordered the Stern Review?
The IPCC operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from whom?
What can't be included in an IPCC report between the deadline for submissions and the publication of the report?
What body does not carry out its own research?
How many climate scientists wrote in Nature in response to controversies regarding claims in the Fourth Assessment Report?
Where did the five climate scientists write in response to controversies regarding claims in the Fourth Assessment Report?
What did the five climate scientists suggest in response to the Fourth Assessment Report?
What was one of the recommendations that the IPCC made to avoid political interference?
What is the main role of chloroplasts?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What is the process that chloroplasts use to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide called?
What is the number of chloroplasts per cell in algae?
How do Chloroplasts reproduce?
What is the behavior of chloroplasts strongly influenced by?
What do chloroplasts have in common with mitochondria?
What is the ancestor of chloroplasts?
How are Chloroplasts made?
Where are chloroplasts only found?
What nationality was Konstantin Mereschkowski?
What was Mereschkowski's profession?
When did Mereschkowski first suggest the origin of chloroplasts?
Who discovered that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria?
What are the ancestors of chloroplasts?
What type of bacteria are cyanobacteria?
What is gram-negative?
What type of cell wall is thicker than other gram-negative bacteria?
What are cyanobacteria sometimes called?
What type of cell did the free-living cyanobacterium enter?
When did a free-living cyanobacterium enter an early eukaryotic cell?
What surrounds all chloroplasts?
What membrane from the host was probably lost?
What happened to the cyanobacterium after it was assimilated?
What does primary plastid mean?
How many chloroplast lineages are there?
What is another name for the rhodophyte?
What is the name of the lineage that contains land plants?
What is the name of the lineage that contains land plants?
What is the alga Cyanophora?
What is one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast?
What are also known as muroplasts?
What is the icosahedral structure that glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in?
What type of structure does glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in?
What do rhodoplasts have for photosynthetic pigments?
What are phycobilin pigments organized into on the thylakoid membranes?
What pigment gives red algae their distinctive red color?
What is the purpose of the red phycoerytherin pigment?
What do rhodoplasts synthesize?
What have green chloroplasts lost?
Why are some green chloroplasts not green?
What have chloroplastidan chloroplasts lost?
What have the genes for the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer been repurposed for?
What do green chloroplasts contain instead of phycobilisomes?
How many membranes do primary chloroplasts have from their cyanobacterial ancestor?
What do secondary chloroplasts have?
What is a secondary endosymbiotic event?
What are the two cyanobacterial membranes?
What was left after the engulfed alga was broken down?
What do euglenophytes contain?
What type of protists are euglenophytes?
How are the pyrenoid and thylakoids in euglenophyte chloroplasts?
What is stored in the form of paramylon?
What is thought to have been lost in euglenophyte chloroplasts?
What are a group of algae that contain a red-algal derived chloroplast called?
What do cryptomonads contain?
What do cryptophyte chloroplasts contain that superficially resembles that of the chlorarachniophytes?
Where is starch stored?
How many stacks of pyrenoid and thylakoids are inside cryptophyte chloroplasts?
Apicomplexans are parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast like what other chromalveolate?
Apicomplexans are another group of what?
What is Plasmodium?
What do many apicomplexans keep?
Where do apicomplexans store their energy?
What do apicoplasts synthesize?
What is the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to cure?
What is the most important apicoplast function?
What do apicoplasts not contain?
How many membranes are in apicoplasts?
What pigment is not found in any other group of chloroplasts?
What is the most common dinophyte chloroplast?
What type of thylakoids are in the peridinin-type chloroplast?
What has the peridinin chloroplast lost?
What lineage lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
What lineage lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
How many membranes does the haptophyte chloroplast have?
What would tertiary endosymbiosis create?
Dinophysis have a phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from where?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What are members of the genus Dinophysis taken from a cryptophyte?
What has been stripped of the chloroplast and outermost two membranes?
What is another name for a diatom derived chloroplast?
What do Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have?
How many membranes surround the chloroplasts of Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia?
What is considered to be the chloroplast in Kryptoperidinium?
Where is the diatom endosymbiont's starch found?
Where have the nucleomorph genes been transferred to?
What is the only dinophyte that has a chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage?
What did Lepidodinium viride lose?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace its peridinin chloroplast with?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace its peridinin chloroplast with?
What do most chloroplasts originate from?
What is an exception to the first set of endosymbiotic events?
How many base pairs long is chromatophore DNA?
How many protein encoding genes does chromatophore DNA contain?
How many base pairs does the Synechococcus genome contain?
What are the abbreviations for chloroplast DNA?
What is another name for chloroplast DNA?
When was the plastome first proved?
When was the plastome first sequenced?
Who sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco?
What are highly conserved among land plants?
Some chloroplast DNAs have lost or flipped the inverted repeats to make them what?
What can the inverted repeats help do?
How have scientists attempted to observe chloroplast replication?
How many main models have been proposed for the mechanism for chloroplast DNA replication?
What does the D-loop adopt as it moves through the circular DNA?
What is theta intermediary form also known as?
How does the D-loop complete replication?
What type of gradients are there in cpDNA?
When does DNA become susceptible to deamination events?
What type of chromosome is most cpDNA?
A second theory suggests that most cpDNA is linear and replicates through what?
Where is the rest of cpDNA kept?
What does the model for cpDNA replication claim most cpDNA is linear?
What type of cpDNA does one of the competing model for cpDNA replication believe most cpDNA is?
What type of DNA is most likely to replicate via a D loop mechanism?
How does the predominant theory hold that most cpDNA is circular and most likely replicates?
What is the way we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages?
What do the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus provide evidence for?
What do diatoms now have?
What did the diatom ancestor have at some point?
What did most chloroplast genes become in the mitochondrial genome?
How much of the protein products of transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast?
What new functions did the transferred genes take on?
To reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross what?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
What does phosphorylation do?
What is the benefit of phosphatylation?
What shape are chloroplasts in land plants?
How large are chloroplasts in land plants?
How thick are chloroplasts in land plants?
Oedogonium can be shaped like what?
What shape does Chlamydomonas have?
What are chloroplasts surrounded by?
What is the outer chloroplast membrane surrounded by?
What is the relationship of the chloroplast membranes to the cyanobacterium's original double membranes?
What is the chloroplast double membrane often compared to?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used for?
The inner mitochondria membrane is used to run proton pumps and carry out oxidative phosphorylation across to do what?
What is the only chloroplast structure that can be considered analogous to it?
What regulates metabolite passage and synthesizes some materials?
What are very rare in chloroplasts?
What is another name for a stromule?
Why do stromules exist?
When were stromules first observed?
Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum found?
Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum found?
What consists of a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles?
What is the purpose of the chloroplast peripheral reticulum?
The small vesicles sometimes observed may serve as transport vesicles to shuttle stuff between what two spaces?
What do chloroplasts use their own ribosomes to do?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What do small subunit ribosomal RNAs in Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts lack?
What is shine-dalgarno sequence recognition?
What is another name for Plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli?
Plastoglobuli are spherical bubbles of what?
How wide are the spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins?
What surrounds the spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins?
What are plastoglobuli permanently attached to?
What does the configuration of a plastoglobulus that is attached to a thylakoid allow a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with?
How do most plastoglobuli occur in normal green chloroplasts?
When do plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains?
What contain structures called pyrenoids?
What shape are pyrenoids?
What type of body are pyrenoids?
What is accumulated as the pyrenoids mature?
What can pyrenoids do?
In what model do grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes?
What shape are the granal thylakoids in the helical thylakoid model?
How many thylakoids can each granum contain?
How many thylakoids are most common in the helical thylakoid model?
What are wrapped around the grana?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb?
What do the light-harvesting complexes with chlorophyll and carotenoids use light energy to do?
Molecules in the thylakoid membrane use the energized electrons to do what?
ATP synthase harnesses the concentration gradient of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy as the hydrogen ions flow back into the stroma like what?
How many types of thylakoids are there?
How are granal thylakoids arranged?
What are stromal thylakoids?
What shape are granal thylakoids?
How large are granal thylakoids?
How many photosynthetic carotenoids are there?
What do carotenoids do?
What do carotenoids do to the chlorophyll green?
What is -carotene?
What is an example of a xanthophyll?
What are phycobilins?
What color are algal chloroplasts?
What does phycoerytherin make many of?
What do phycobilins organize into?
How large are phycobilisomes?
What do chloroplasts use to fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules?
What is the problem with rubisco?
What happens when rubisco has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen?
What cycle uses rubisco?
What is wasted when rubisco adds oxygen to sugar precursors?
What are chloroplasts specialized for in mesophyll cells?
What do chloroplasts lack in mesophyll cells?
What do chloroplasts have that make ATP and NADPH?
What do chloroplasts store CO2 in?
What is the job of bundle sheath chloroplasts?
What part of a plant contains chloroplasts?
What makes the photosynthetic parts of a plant green?
What are the cells in a plant that contain chloroplasts called?
Where can chloroplasts be found in a plant?
What is a chlorenchyma cell?
Where are chloroplasts found in cacti?
Where are chloroplasts found in most plants?
How many chloroplasts do stomatal guard cells contain?
How many chloroplasts can one square millimeter of leaf tissue contain?
Where are chloroplasts found in a leaf?
In what conditions will chloroplasts spread out in a sheet?
When do chloroplasts seek shelter?
What does this protect chloroplasts from?
What is the reason land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones?
What is the name of the plant that follows chloroplasts as they move?
How many main immune responses do plants have?
What is the hypersensitive response?
What is systemic acquired resistance?
How do chloroplasts stimulate both immune responses?
Chloroplasts stimulate the hypersensitive response by damaging their photosynthetic system, producing what?
What molecules can serve as defense-signals?
When do chloroplasts begin producing molecules?
What do reactive oxygen species do when they leave the chloroplast?
What is retrograde signaling?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What does photosynthesis produce?
What are used in photosynthesis?
What is made using light energy?
What do chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to do?
Where do hydrogen ions diffuse back into the stroma?
How many times more hydrogen ions are in the thylakoid system than in the stroma?
What does ATP synthase use the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to do?
What does ATP synthase phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate into?
What are the reenergized electrons taken by?
What is it called when the electrons are recycled?
Where is cyclic photophosphorylation common?
What do C4 plants need?
What starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate molecules?
What is the result of fixing CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate molecules?
What does the unstable six-carbon molecules break down into?
How many G3P molecules leave the Calvin cycle?
How can glucose monomers in the chloroplast be linked to make starch?
What can cause the starch grains to grow very large?
What happens to the grana and thylakoids if the starch grains grow too large?
What can cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts?
What might starch grains be a side effect of?
What can Rubisco accidentally do to RuBP?
When can photorespiration occur?
How does Rubisco reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis?
How much carbon can Rubisco waste?
Why are chloroplasts in C4 plants notable?
Where do chloroplasts make almost all of a plant cell's amino acids?
What sulfur-containing amino acids do chloroplasts not make?
Why is Cysteine synthesized in the chloroplast?
What is unclear about the chloroplast's ability to make methionine?
What is a special type of a plant cell organelle called?
What are all chloroplasts in a plant descended from?
Where are proplastids commonly found?
What is more common in a plant's apical meristems?
What happens if angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation?
What is an etioplast?
What is the inner membrane of an etioplast?
What is stocked in etioplasts that lack chlorophyll?
What do not require light to form chloroplasts?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What are chromoplasts?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What can turn back into proplastids if a plant is injured?
What do the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into?
The division process begins when FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments and form a structure called a Z-ring within the chloroplast's stroma?
What do the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 form with the help of a protein ARC6?
Where does the Z-ring form?
Who manages the placement of the Z-ring?
What is another name for PD rings?
How many plastid-dividing rings form?
How large are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
How many nanometers apart are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
What is located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space?
What has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division?
What type of light do chloroplasts require to complete division?
Spinach leaves grown under green light have been observed to contain what kind of chloroplasts?
What type of light can chloroplasts grow under?
Why are transgenes not disseminated by pollen?
What is a benefit of genetically modified plants that are biologically contained?
What is the failed containment rate of transplastomic plants?
What type of plant has a failure rate of 3 in 1,000,000?
A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and what?
What is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number called?
What establishes the central role of primes in number theory?
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic establishes the central role of primes in number theory: any integer greater than 1 can be expressed as what?
Why does the uniqueness of the theorem of arithmetic require excluding 1 as a prime?
What is the property of being prime?
What is a simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number called?
What is a fast method to test the primality of large numbers?
What is the name of the test that always produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical?
What is the largest known prime number?
How many primes were demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC?
Who demonstrated that there are infinitely many primes?
What is the distribution of primes?
What is the first result in the direction of the distribution of primes?
When was the prime number theorem proven?
What is the name of the conjecture that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes?
What conjecture states that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2?
What type of aspects of numbers do number theory focus on?
What is an example of information technology that uses primes?
What is an example of a generalization of prime numbers?
How many even numbers are multiples of 2?
What are the three distinct divisors of a even number greater than 2?
What term refers to any prime number greater than 2?
In the decimal system, all prime numbers larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or what?
What are multiples of 2?
By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that what was not a prime number?
Who listed 1 as the first prime in his correspondence with Leonhard Euler?
Christian Goldbach listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with whom?
What was Derrick Norman Lehmer's list of primes up to?
By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number, but rather forms what?
What would not hold as stated if 1 was considered a prime?
When would the sieve of Eratosthenes not work correctly?
What is the relationship of the number to its corresponding value of?
What is another property that the number 1 lacks?
What would a modified version of the sieve of Eratosthenes produce as output?
Where are the fraction expansions found?
Where do the earliest surviving records of the explicit study of prime numbers come from?
What book contains important theorems about primes?
Who showed how to construct a perfect number from a Mersenne prime?
The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple method to do what?
When did Pierre de Fermat say Fermat's little theorem?
Who discovered that no further Fermat numbers are known to be prime?
Fermat conjectured that all numbers of the form what are prime?
Marin Mersenne studied primes of what form?
How many numbers of the form 22n + 1 are prime?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n?
When can the trial division routine be implemented more efficiently?
What is a m that is less than or equal to the square root of n?
How many divisions are necessary to check the primality of 37?
What is the square root of n?
How many classes can modern primality tests for general numbers be divided into?
What are the two main classes of primality tests?
What type of algorithm is used to determine whether a given number is prime or not?
What type of algorithm is used to determine whether a given number is prime or not?
If we repeat the test n times and pass every time, the probability that our number is composite is what?
What is a particularly simple example of a probabilistic test?
What does Fermat's little theorem say for any n if p is a prime number?
What is a flaw in the Fermat primality test?
What extension of the Fermat primality test is guaranteed to fail at least some of the time when applied to a composite number?
The Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and what other extension of the Fermat primality test are guaranteed to fail at least some of the time when applied to a composite number?
What form are Sophie Germain primes?
What is a Mersenne prime?
What is particularly fast for numbers of this form?
Fermat primes and Mersenne primes are examples of what type of prime?
What is an example of a primorial prime?
How have some of the largest known primes been found?
When was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded a US$100,000 prize?
How much was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded in 2009?
Who offers $150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits?
What is the interval in which the largest known primes have been found?
What is the largest integer not greater than the number in question?
Who first proved Bertrand's postulate?
Bertrand's postulate states that there always exists at least one prime number with n  p  2n  2, for what?
Bertrand's postulate states that there always exists at least one prime number with what?
What is the second formula based on?
When a and q are coprime, what is the greatest common divisor?
What asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes?
What is the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9?
In Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions, how many prime numbers are in the rows starting with a = 3, 6, or 9?
What does Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions assert?
What is closely related to prime numbers?
If there were only finitely many primes, what would (1) have?
What happens when a harmonic series exceeds any given number?
What happens when the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 +... diverges?
What is another example of the richness of the zeta function and a glimpse of modern algebraic number theory?
When was the unproven Riemann hypothesis founded?
The unproven Riemann hypothesis states that all zeroes of the -function have real part equal to 1/2 except for what?
The Riemann hypothesis states that the irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from what?
What holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes?
In what year did Landau's problems begin?
What has Goldbach's conjecture been verified for?
What states that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes?
Which theorem states that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime, the product of two primes?
What is it called when there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2?
What is a twin prime conjecture?
What conjecture states that for every positive integer n, there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes that differ by 2n?
In Polignac's conjecture, there are infinitely many primes of the form what?
Whose conjecture states that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2?
What was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics for a long time?
Which British mathematician prided himself on doing work that had absolutely no military significance?
When was it announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms?
What are prime numbers used for?
What are prime numbers used for?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always what?
What is the period of 1/p if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5?
What factorial is divisible by p?
If an integer n > 4 is composite if and only if what is divisible by n?
Why does the fraction 1/p express in base q have a similar effect?
Which public-key cryptography algorithm relies on the assumption that it is much easier to perform the multiplication of two large numbers?
What public-key cryptography algorithm relies on the fact that there are efficient algorithms for modular exponentiation?
What type of primes are often used for RSA?
What is the Diffie-Hellman key exchange based on?
What type of primes are typical for Diffie-Hellman?
What insects spend most of their lives as grubs underground?
How do cicadas spend most of their lives?
Insects that emerge from burrows after 7 and 13 years are called what?
What is the logic for the prime number intervals between emergences?
How much higher would average predator populations be during outbreaks of 14 and 15 year cicadas than during outbreaks of 13 and 17 year cicadas?
What does "prime" indicate in an appropriate sense?
What is the prime field of a field F containing both 0 and 1?
How can a knot be uniquely expressed?
What is a second meaning of the word prime?
Why is a prime knot indecomposable in knot theory?
What is an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined?
In the ring Z of integers, the set of what equals the set of irreducible elements?
In the ring Z of integers, the set of prime elements equals the set of what?
What is an element p of R called prime element if?
What is an element irreducible if it is not a unit and cannot be written as a product of two ring elements that are not units?
What continues to hold in unique factorization domains?
What is an example of a unique factorization domain?
What is the form of the Gaussian integers Z[i]?
What are a and b?
What are rational primes of the form 4k + 1?
Where is the notion of number replaced with that of ideal?
What generalizes prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal?
What type of theory studies prime ideals?
What generalizes to the Lasker-Noether theorem?
The Lasker-Noether theorem expresses every ideal in what?
What are the points of algebro-geometric objects?
factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field bears some resemblance to what?
Where can prime ideals be used in proving quadratic reciprocity?
What does proving quadratic reciprocity concern?
What happens when a number is multiplied by p?
Where can arithmetic questions related to Q or more general global fields be transferred back and forth?
What does completing Q with respect to yield the field of real numbers?
What underlines the importance of primes to number theory?
Who used prime numbers to create ametrical music?
What was the name of Messiaen's 1935 work?
What was the name of the work that Messiaen used to create unpredictable rhythms?
Where do the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear in Messiaen's works?
Olivier Messiaen's ametrical music was inspired by what?
Where does the Rhine begin?
The Rhine empties into what sea in the Netherlands?
What is the biggest city on the Rhine?
What is the longest river in Central and Western Europe?
How long is the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine located?
Where does the Rhine empties into the North Sea?
How long is the Rhine?
What are the variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages derived from?
What name is derived from the Gaulish name Rnos?
What is the Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name as?
When was the Roman-era geography adapted?
What are the variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages derived from?
What name is derived from the Gaulish name Rnos?
What was formerly spelled in Dutch?
What is the Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name as?
What was Dutch Rijn formerly spelled?
What is the conventional measurement of the length of the Rhine?
When was the "Rhine-kilometers" scale introduced?
What is the name of the bridge that runs from the Rhine to Hoek van Holland?
The length of the Rhine is measured in "Rhine-kilometers" which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance to what city?
What caused the length of the Rhine to be significantly shortened in the 19th and 20th century?
What is the conventional measurement of the length of the Rhine?
When was the "Rhine-kilometers" scale introduced?
What is the name of the bridge that runs from the Rhine to Hoek van Holland?
What caused the length of the Rhine to be significantly shortened in the 19th and 20th century?
The length of the Rhine is measured in "Rhine-kilometers" which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance to what city?
What direction does the Rhine turn near Chur?
How long is the river near Chur?
What is the name of the glacial alpine valley near Chur?
Where is the natural dam that prevents the Rhine from flowing into the Seeztal valley?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Switzerland and Liechtenstein and what other country?
The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near what city?
How long is the section of the Rhine near Chur?
What is the height of the Rhine?
What is the name of the glacial alpine valley near Chur?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Liechtenstein and what other country?
The mouth of the Rhine enters what lake?
What does Old Rhine mean?
What delimits the delta in the East?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
What does Esel mean in English?
The mouth of the Rhine enters what lake?
What delimits the delta in the East?
What does Old Rhine mean?
What did the Rhine form by precipitating sediments?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
What is the name of the city near which the upper canal of the Rhine is located?
Where is the lower canal of the Rhine?
What was the main cause of flooding in the western Rhine Delta?
Where does the Dornbirner Ach flow into the lake?
What will the continuous input of sediment into the lake do to the lake?
Where is the lower canal of the Rhine?
What was the purpose of the regulation of the Rhine?
What is the name of the city near which the upper canal of the Rhine is located?
What canal was diverted?
What is expected to silt up the lake?
How many bodies of water are in Lake Constance?
What does the Untersee mean?
What does Seerhein mean?
The Rhine flows into Lake Constance from the south following what border?
What does the Obersee mean?
How many bodies of water are in Lake Constance?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Where are the shorelines of Lake Constance located?
Why does the Rhine water fall into the depths of the lake?
What lake is a small fraction of the Rhine water diverted to?
What is the name of the lake where the Rhine water falls into the depths?
Along what part of the lake is the Rhine water clearly visible?
What is the name of the island off the northern shore of the lake?
What is the name of the lake where the Rhine water falls into the depths?
What is the name of the island off the northern shore of the lake?
What lake is a small fraction of the Rhine water diverted to?
What does Rheinrinne mean?
What determines the flow of the Rhine water along the entire length of the lake?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
How much water does the Aare discharge?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
What is the name of the city where the Rhine knee is located?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the name of the major tributary of the Rhine?
How much water does the Aare discharge?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
The Rhine forms the border between Switzerland and what other country?
Where is the "Rhine knee" located?
What is the name of the major bend where the direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
What is the legal boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
How long is the Upper Rhine Plain?
How wide is the Upper Rhine Plain?
Where is the "Rhine knee" located?
What is the name of the major bend where the direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
What direction does the Rhine now flow as Upper Rhine through the Upper Rhine Plain?
What river ends at the "Rhine knee"?
What is the legal boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
When did the Rhine straightening program take place?
What happened to the rate of flow in the Upper Rhine region?
What happened to the ground water level after the Rhine straightening program?
What canal was dug on the French side?
What type of pools are there in Alsace?
What region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th century?
When did the Rhine straightening program take place?
What happened to the rate of flow in the Upper Rhine region?
What happened to the ground water level after the Rhine straightening program?
What canal was dug on the French side?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
What is the average discharge of the Moselle?
What is the longest river in Germany?
What tributary of the Rhine drains to the Rhine?
What is the average width of the Rhine?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
What tributary of the Rhine drains to the Rhine?
What country drains to the Rhine via the Moselle?
What is the annual mean discharge of the Rhine as it approaches the Dutch border?
What river flows through the Rhine Gorge?
What is the name of the formation created by erosion between Bingen and Bonn?
What created the Rhine Gorge?
What is the name of the Rhine Gorge?
What river flows through the Rhine Gorge?
What is the name of the formation created by erosion between Bingen and Bonn?
What is the Rhine Gorge known for?
What is the Rhine Gorge known as?
What can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland?
What is the home of Europe's largest inland port?
What is the name of the river that joins the Rhine in Duisburg?
What does the Ruhr provide the region?
Along the Rhine, many plants and factories can be found up into what country?
What was industry a major source of until the early 1980s?
Where are most of the plants and factories located?
Along the Rhine, many plants and factories can be found up into what country?
What is the home of Europe's largest inland port?
What is the name of the river that joins the Rhine in Duisburg?
What is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
The Rhine Gorge is between Koblenz and what other city?
What famous rock is near Sankt Goarshausen?
What is considered the epitome of the Rhine romanticism?
What is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
What is the Rhine Gorge listed as?
The Rhine Gorge is between Koblenz and what other city?
What famous rock is near Sankt Goarshausen?
Where is Lorelei located?
What is one of the most important cities in the Rhine-Ruhr region?
What is the name of the second east-west shipping route?
What river does the Wesel-Datteln Canal run parallel to?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the river between Emmerich and Cleves?
What river flows through North Rhine-Westphalia?
What is the largest conurbation in Germany?
What is the name of the largest river port in Europe?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
The Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede merge with what estuaries?
What Dutch name no longer coincides with the main flow of water?
How much of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west?
Where does two thirds of the water flow of the Rhine flow?
What is the name of the river that flows through the Rhine?
The Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede merge with what estuaries?
Which Maas rejoins the Nieuwe Maas to form Het Scheur?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
What branch of the Pannerdens Kanaal redistributes the other third of the water?
What does the Nederrijn become at Wijk bij Duurstede?
What river rejoins the Nederrijn to rejoin the Nieuwe Maas?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
What branch of the Pannerdens Kanaal redistributes the other third of the water?
How much of the Rhine's water flows into the IJsselmeer?
What does the Nederrijn become at Wijk bij Duurstede?
Where does the Nederrijn change its name to the Lek?
What name is used only for smaller streams farther to the north?
What are the smaller streams of the Rhine used for?
What is the old north branch of the Rhine called?
What does Kromme Rijn mean?
What does Oude Rijn mean?
What is the most important natural region of the Netherlands?
Where does the Rhine-Meuse Delta begin?
What is the shorter term for the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
What does Pannerdens Kanaal change its name to?
How many main flows carry significant amounts of water?
What is the name of the southern branch of the Rhine delta?
What does Oude Maas mean?
What does Het Scheur mean?
What was the name of the flood that caused the Meuse to flow to the North Sea?
When was the St. Elizabeth's flood?
What line did the Meuse flow south of before the St. Elizabeth's flood?
When did the Meuse and Waal merge to form Merwede?
What type of estuary did the Meuse form before the St. Elizabeth's flood?
Many rivers have been closed and now serve as what for the numerous polders?
What changed the Delta in the second half of the 20th century?
What is another term for closed rivers?
In what century did the construction of the Delta Works change the Delta?
What type of delta is the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
What shaped the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
What could strong tidal currents do?
Where is the most landward tidal influence located?
The Mediterranean Sea descends from what larger sea?
When did the two plates reverse direction and begin to compress the Tethys floor?
What were the individual features of the microplates that were caught in the squeeze?
In what era was the Triassic Period?
Who pushed up the Pyrenees?
What rift system developed in the Eocene?
What is the main element of the N-S rift system?
When did a river system develop in the Upper Rhine Graben?
What river drained the northern flanks of the Alps?
How did the Rhine extend its watershed southward?
When did the Rhine capture streams down to the Vosges Mountains?
What mountains did the Rhine capture by the Pliocene period?
Around 2.5 million years ago was the geological period of what?
How many major Ice Ages have occurred since 600,000 years ago?
How much did sea level drop during the six major Ice Ages?
What direction did the Rhine follow in the Early Pleistocene?
Where was the river mouth of the Rhine located during glacial times?
When did the last glacial run?
When did the Pleistocene end?
In what direction did the lower Rhine flow through the Netherlands?
What was the sea level of the English Channel during the last glacial period?
Along with the Irish Channel, the Irish Channel and the North Sea, what channel was dry land during the last glacial period?
What was the source of the Rhine's current course?
What did ice-sheets leave the space between Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps as?
When was the Last Glacial Maximum?
What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What was the name of the wind-blown dust that settled in and around the Rhine Valley during the Last Glacial Maximum?
When did northwest Europe begin to warm up?
What did frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers begin to do?
Where was much of the discharge routed to?
When did rapid warming and changes of vegetation begin to open forest?
When was Europe fully forested?
Since when has a situation with tides and currents been similar to present?
What has dropped so far that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together could compensate the transgression by the sea?
When was the coast line roughly at the same location?
What is the main cause of sea level rise in the southern North Sea?
What is the rate of sea level rise in the southern North Sea?
When did the Holocene begin?
When did the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta begin?
What valley did the Rhine occupy at the start of the Holocene?
Where did sea-level continue to rise in the Holocene?
When did human impact begin in the delta?
What caused peat formation in the delta?
What has strongly increased in the Rhine?
When did the damming of minor distributaries take place?
How many avulsions have occurred over the past 6000 years?
Where do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to?
What estuary did the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge through?
What is the name of the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon?
What type of lake is the IJsselmeer?
How many branches are there of the Rhine?
When did the Rhine first enter the historical period?
The Rhine formed the boundary between Gaul and what other country?
When did the Upper Rhine become part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture?
Who wrote 'The Rhine is a river of Gaul, which divides the Germanic people from Gaul'?
When did Augustus die?
What river did Rome accept as her Germanic frontier?
What happened to the northern section of the Rhine?
Where had Roman subjects from the modern Alsace-Lorraine drifted across the river?
What part of the Black Forest was different from the northern part of the frontier?
How many legions did the Romans keep in five bases along the Rhine?
For what army were the legions assigned between AD 14 and 180?
What town was renamed to Colonia Agrippina?
The number of legions at any base depended on whether a state existed or what?
What does oppidum Ubiorum mean?
When did the Germanic tribes establish the kingdoms of Francia and Burgundy?
What did the Germanic tribes establish on the Rhine?
What does Siebengebirge mean?
Who killed a dragon on the Drachenfels?
Who thrown Kriemhild's golden treasure into the Rhine?
When was the Rhine within the borders of Francia?
In what century was the Rhine fully within the Holy Roman Empire?
Along with Swabia, Franconia, and Franconia, what part of the Rhine was within the Holy Roman Empire in the 10th century?
Who sold the Alsace to Burgundy in 1469?
In what year was the Alsace sold to Burgundy?
When did the Upper Rhine form a contentious border between France and Germany?
What was a long-term goal of French foreign policy since the Middle Ages?
Who established the Confederation of the Rhine?
When was the Confederation of the Rhine established?
In what year did the Rhine crisis occur?
When was the Rhineland subject to the Treaty of Versailles?
When did the Treaty of Versailles end?
Who was forbidden to enter the Rhineland after the Treaty of Versailles?
What was the Treaty of Versailles cited as helping?
When did the German army re-occupy the Rhineland?
The Rhine bridge was a central focus of the battle for what city?
What was the Rhine considered to be by the Western Allies in World War II?
When was Operation Market Garden?
What was the name of the bridge that crossed the Rhine at Remagen?
What was the name of the Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War?
What was the generally accepted length of the Rhine until 1932?
What encyclopedia stated the length of the Rhine as 1,320 kilometres?
What was the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon's statement about the length of the Rhine?
In 1932, Knaurs Lexikon stated the length of the Rhine as what?
When was the typographical error discovered?
When did the Scottish electorate vote for devolution?
What set out its powers as a devolved legislature?
What does the Scotland Act 1998 delineate the legislative competence of the Parliament?
The Scotland Act 1998 specifies powers that are "reserved" to whom?
The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to whom?
What was an important element in Scottish national identity?
For how many years was Scotland governed by the Parliament of Great Britain and the subsequent Parliament of the United Kingdom?
What event led to the shelve of proposals for a devolved Parliament?
When did the rise in nationalism in Scotland fuel demands for home rule or complete independence?
What did Kilbrandon recommend in 1973?
In what part of the sea was oil discovered?
What was the SNP's campaign called?
In what year did Prime Minister Wilson commit his government to a devolved legislature?
What did the SNP believe the revenues from the oil were?
When were final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed?
Where would an elected assembly be set up under the terms of the Scotland Act 1978?
What percentage of the Scottish electorate voted for an elected assembly in 1979?
What percentage of the Scottish electorate voted for a Scottish Assembly in 1979?
What happened to the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly?
What percentage of the eligible voting population did not vote in the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum?
In the 1980s and 1990s, demand for what grew?
Who controlled the government of the United Kingdom in the 1980s and 1990s?
When was the Scottish Constitutional Convention?
What did the Scottish Constitutional Convention publish in 1995?
What is the official home of the Scottish Parliament?
Who designed the Scottish Parliament Building?
What nationality was Enric Miralles?
What type of buildings are in the Scottish Parliament Building?
Who opened the new Scottish Parliament Building?
The General Assembly Hall was vacated twice to allow for what?
What was the Parliament's temporary home?
Where were official photographs and television interviews held?
Where was the Parliament relocated to in May 2002?
Where was the Parliament relocated in May 2000?
Who rented the Parliament's buildings?
What council was the former administrative building of?
What happened to the MSP's offices after the move to Holyrood?
Where were the former Midlothian County Buildings located?
What hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room?
How many MSPs are elected to serve as Presiding Officer at the beginning of each parliamentary session?
Who is the current speaker of the Scottish Parliament?
What type of ballot is used to elect the Presiding Officer and deputies?
How many MSPs are in the Scottish Parliament?
Who operates the electronic voting equipment and chamber clocks?
Who is responsible for ensuring that the Parliament functions effectively and has the staff, property and resources it requires to operate?
Who allocates time and sets the work agenda in the chamber?
How many seats does the Parliamentary Bureau have?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad?
What is the seating arranged in the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament?
What is the purpose of the hemicycle in the debating chamber?
How many seats are in the debating chamber?
How many seats are occupied by the Scottish Law Officers?
Law Officers are not elected MSPs and cannot do what?
Where is the gold in the parliamentary mace panned from?
What is the parliamentary mace made of?
Who presented the parliamentary mace to the Scottish Parliament?
What are the words on the parliamentary mace?
Where is the parliamentary mace displayed?
In what month does Parliament have two-week recesses?
Where do Plenary meetings take place?
Who are debates and committee meetings open to?
How much is admission to the debating chamber?
What is the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates called?
On what day of the week is Time for Reflection held?
How long does Time for Reflection last?
Who determines invitations to address Parliament?
Speakers are chosen to represent the balance of what according to the Scottish census?
Faith groups can make direct representations to the Presiding Officer to do what?
Who decides who speaks in chamber debates and the amount of time for which they are allowed to speak?
What does the Deputy Presiding Officer decide?
What does the Presiding Officer try to balance with political parties?
Who usually opens debates?
What language does the Scottish Parliament use for debates?
At what time do MSPs usually decide on motions and amendments?
What is the sounding of the division bell called?
What does the division bell alert MSPs who are not in the chamber to do?
How do MSPs vote if there is audible dissent?
How long is the outcome of each division known in?
What can be predicted beforehand?
Who usually instruct members which way to vote?
What are MSPs known as?
On what type of issues are free votes usually announced?
What can happen to errant members of the Scottish Parliament?
When is a "Members Debate" held?
Who is the MSP who proposes a motion?
How long does a Members Debate last?
Who usually contributes to a Members Business debate?
What does the relevant minister's department do with the debate?
Where is most of the work of the Scottish Parliament done?
How is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament compared to other parliamentary systems?
Why is the role of committees stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
Where can committees meet?
How many MSPs are in committees?
What does the membership of committees reflect?
What are different committees set out in different ways?
What type of committees are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders?
In what Session of the Scottish Parliament are the Mandatory Committees?
When are Subject Committees established?
How many departments does each committee correspond with?
What committees are in the fourth Session?
What is the fourth session of the Scottish Parliament?
What type of committee is usually set up to scrutinize private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter who is not a member of the Scottish Parliament or Scottish Government?
What type of projects do private bills typically relate to?
Who is not a member of the Scottish Parliament?
What type of committees have been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network, the Glasgow Airport Rail Link, the Airdrie-Bathgate Rail Link and extensions to the National Gallery of Scotland?
What act governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament?
Who gave the royal assent to the Scotland Act 1998?
What does the Scotland Act 2012 extend?
Who is the supreme legislature of Scotland?
Who has the power to pass laws and has limited tax-varying capability?
In what section of the Scotland Act are specific devolved matters not explicitly stated?
Who is responsible for devolved matters that are not specifically reserved?
What happens to matters that are not specifically reserved?
How much can the Scottish Parliament alter income tax in Scotland?
What act conferred further fiscal devolution?
What kind of matters are outside the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament?
Who is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to Westminster?
The Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to and dealt with at what location?
Who handles ministerial functions at Westminster?
What can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways?
Who can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill?
How can a member of the Scottish Parliament introduce a bill?
Who can submit a private bill to Parliament?
How do bills pass through Parliament?
Stage 1 is also known as what type of stage of a bill?
What will the minister or member in charge of the bill introduce to Parliament?
Statements from the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill are lodged indicating what?
Where does Stage 1 take place?
If the whole Parliament agrees in a vote to the general principles of the bill, what is the next stage of the bill?
What is the final stage of the bill?
How many parts does Stage 3 consist of?
Stage 3 is what stage of the bill?
Opposition members can table what kind of amendments to the bill?
At what time do members vote on whether they agree to the general principles of the final bill?
Who does the Presiding Officer submit a bill to for royal assent?
After the bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for what?
How long does it take for a bill to become an Act of the Scottish Parliament?
Who can the Law Officers of the Scottish Government refer the bill to for a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the Parliament?
When was the bill passed by the Parliament?
What does the party that forms the Scottish Government do?
Who can put their name forward to be First Minister?
What is the name of the leader of the largest party?
Most ministers and their juniors are drawn from where?
Who makes the formal appointment or dismissal of ministers?
On what date do ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament take place?
In what month and year is the first ordinary general election held?
Who can change the date of the poll by up to one month?
What happens if an extraordinary general election is held less than six months before the due date of an ordinary general election?
How many days after a General Election does it take for the Parliament to nominate one of its members to be First Minister?
What allows the Scottish Parliament to scrutinize the Government?
Who is invited to question the First Minister?
What does the First Minister set out at the beginning of each parliamentary year?
What do the leaders of the opposition parties and other MSPs question the First Minister on?
What is set aside for question periods in the debating chamber?
On what day does the General Question Time take place?
Who can members direct questions to during General Question Time?
What does First Minister's Question Time give members an opportunity to question the First Minister on?
How many general questions are available to opposition leaders?
How many MSPs are elected to represent first past the post constituencies?
When did the number of Scottish MPs decrease?
How many MSPs are there in Scotland?
Why are the island archipelagos of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles smaller than the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh?
How many electors are in the average Scottish Parliament constituency?
How are the total number of seats in the Parliament allocated?
What method is used to allocate the total number of seats in Parliament?
The party with the highest what is awarded the seat?
The party with the highest quotient is awarded the seat, which is then added to its what in allocating the second seat?
How is the d'Hondt method repeated?
What does the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981 apply to being an MSP?
In what year was the British Nationality Act passed?
What age must a member of the House of Commons be to be an MSP?
Who are disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament as elected MSPs?
What act states that an individual may not sit in the Scottish Parliament if he or she is judged to be insane?
What is the first time a party has commanded a parliamentary majority?
What party did the SNP take 16 seats from?
How many votes did Iain Gray get to retain East Lothian?
How many seats did the SNP take from the Liberal Democrats?
What was a referendum on in the Scottish Parliament?
What party lost the seat of David McLetchie to the SNP?
What was the seat of former party leader David McLetchie lost to the SNP?
How many seats did the Conservatives lose?
Who was the leader of the Conservatives after McLetchie was elected?
Who congratulated the SNP on their victory?
What are Scottish MPs in the UK House of Commons able to do?
What are English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs unable to vote on?
What is the phenomenon that Scottish MPs are unable to vote on domestic legislation called?
Who won the 2015 UK election?
What country's legislation is only able to be voted on by Scottish MPs in the UK House of Commons?
What is the name of the Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt "to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life"?
Islamism is characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt to implement Islamic values in what?
What does Islamism favor of government and society?
What are the different Islamist movements described as oscillating between?
What are the two poles of Islamism?
What type of process does the Ennahda Movement accept and work within?
Where is Hamas located?
What is the goal of the Hezbollah and Hamas groups?
What do al-Qaeda and the Taliban reject?
On what basis do radical Islamists often conduct attacks?
What does Graham E. Fuller describe the fundamentalist guardians of the tradition as?
What movement underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century?
What did the Salafi movement focus on?
What is Islamism interdependent with in much of the Arab Muslim world?
Why do Islamists need democratic elections?
Islamism posits a what role for Islam?
What ism is a controversial concept not only because it posits a political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam?
Who believes their views merely reflect Islam?
Hayri Abaza argues that the lack of distinction between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support what?
What do progressive moderates want to separate?
Islamists believe that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not what?
Who created the conception of 'political Islam'?
What did the writer for the International Crisis Group say the Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam was?
When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?
What is quietist?
What were Islamists and Islamist groups later seen as?
When did Western and pro-Western governments often support fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies?
What did the return of non-Afghan veterans of the war have?
Who did the US aid in Afghanistan?
What were Islamists considered to be more dangerous to Western governments?
What did the return of non-Afghan veterans of the war have?
Who was the president of Egypt in 1975?
What did Sadat make with Israel?
What did Anwar Sadat offer the exiles in exchange for?
When did the "gentlemen's agreement" between Sadat and Islamists break down?
What happened to Anwar Sadat?
What type of Wahhabism is Salafism?
What did Wahhabism say Muslims should do to infidels for their religion?
What was democracy responsible for in the 20th century?
What did Wahhabism say Muslims should not oppose?
What country is Wahhabism based in?
What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?
What kind of governments are the Muslim Brotherhood compared to?
What type of assistance does the Muslim Brotherhood provide to students from out of town?
What is the commitment to social justice limited to?
What is the purpose of mass marriage ceremonies?
What did Iqbal study in England and Germany?
What was Iqbal a member of while studying law and philosophy in England and Germany?
Who was Iqbal a critic of?
When did Iqbal return to Lahore?
What was the title of Iqbal's book?
What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society?
What did Iqbal fear the Hindu population would do to Muslim heritage, culture, and political influence?
What did Iqbal call for in his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria?
When was Sir Muhammad Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League?
What movement did the Allahabad Address inspire?
Who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party?
What profession did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi choose?
When was the Jamaat-e-Islami party founded?
How did Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
What did Maududi's books place Islam in?
Who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party?
What profession did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi choose?
How did Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
What did Maududi's books place Islam in?
What did Maududi believe Muslim society could not be Islamic without?
What did Islam require the establishment of?
What does tawhid mean?
How did Maududi describe the change in hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society?
What did Maududi refer to as "revolution"?
When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?
What was the motto of the Muslim Brotherhood?
What type of influence did Hassan al Banna want to eliminate in the Muslim world?
What did some members of the Brotherhood engage in against the government?
When was Al-Banna assassinated?
Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of who?
When was the Brotherhood banned?
Who was the president of Egypt in 1948?
What has the Brotherhood become in the Islamic world?
What percentage of the Egyptian parliamentary election was won by "Islamist" parties?
What was the Brotherhood described as for many years?
What was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do during elections?
Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt?
How was the defeat of Arab troops during the Six-Day War?
What was the defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War?
What type of stagnation was blamed on the defeat of the Arab troops?
What happened to the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics?
Maududi and Sayyid Qutb inspired what type of movement?
What type of father was Mohammad Iqbal?
Who was the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?
Where were Khomeini's beliefs placed?
Who did Khomeini believe was essential to Islam?
What did Khomeini believe the plundering of Muslim lands was part of?
What religion is Iran's Republic?
What type of groups has the Islamic Republic created or assisted in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon?
What type of sanctions has the US imposed on Iran?
When did the Iranian government enjoy a resurgence in popularity amongst the predominantly Sunni "Arab street"?
Who called for Israel to vanish?
Who deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan in 1979?
What was the 40th Army trying to suppress?
What did the civil war cause Muslims around the world to do?
What was the military effectiveness of the "Afghan Arabs"?
How many Muslim volunteers came to fight in Afghanistan?
What did the Gulf War do?
Who was the ruler of Kuwait during the Gulf War?
What movement was radicalized by the Gulf War?
What country did Saddam Hussein attack?
Who did Islamists accuse the Saudi regime of being a puppet of?
Who did the attacks resonate with?
Who did Saudi Arabia repress?
Where were American troops stationed after Saddam's defeat?
What country experienced a civil war?
Whose terror attacks climaxed in the 9/11 attack?
Whose ideas became more radical during his imprisonment?
When was Qutb executed?
What group was led by Hasan al-Hudaybi?
What type of movements were inspired by Qutb's writings?
When did the Brotherhood renounce violence as a means of achieving its goals?
Who was responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat?
When was Anwar Sadat assassinated?
What type of leaders did the Islamic Jihad attack?
What did the Islamic Jihad want to do to apostate leaders?
Who wrote a pamphlet about the Islamic Jihad?
What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya employ in their struggle for Islamic order?
What group employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order?
When did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya renounce violence?
What was the outcome of the al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya campaign?
Salvation from Hell and Takfir wal-Hijra have attempted assassinations of who?
What type of stance did the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine take towards Israel?
What was the name of the Muslim Brotherhood that devoted to Jihad against Israel?
What did the 1988 Hamas charter call for?
What did the youth of the intifada drink and go about without hijab?
What country did the Hamas want to establish an Islamic state in?
Who has continued to be a major player in Palestine?
How many people did Hamas kill from 2000 to 2007?
What did Hamas win in the 2006 legislative election?
In what year did Hamas drive the PLO out of Gaza?
What has Hamas been praised for?
What religion did Hassan al-Turabi belong to?
Who was the leader of the Islamist regime in Sudan for many years?
What group did Hassan al-Turabi lead?
How did Hassan al-Turabi build his economic base?
Where did Hassan al-Turabi place sympathetic students?
When was al-Nimeiry overthrown?
How was the NIF able to overthrow the post-al-Nimeiry government?
What law did Turabi enforce?
Who did the NIF hold for a time before 9/11?
What did the NIF work to unify Islamist opposition to?
What did women do to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men?
When was the Front Islamique de Salut founded?
Where was the Front Islamique de Salut located?
What is another name for the FIS?
What caused the cancellation of the national elections in 1991?
What did the Mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union not lead to?
What type of civil war did the Mujahideen have?
When did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse?
What was Afghanistan's poverty rate in the 1980s?
What percentage of Afghanistan did the Taliban take over in 1996?
What was spawned by the thousands of madrasahs?
What country supported the Deobandi movement?
What is another name for Islamic fundamentalist?
What did the Taliban want to spread to an entire country?
Who was the guest of the Taliban?
When did General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto?
What did Ali Bhutto ban?
What was Zia-ul-Haq's official state ideology?
What did Zia-ul-Haq use Islamization to legitimize?
When was Zia-ul-Haq killed?
What is the Islamic State?
Who are the main members of The Islamic State?
How many people were in Iraq and Syria as of March 2015?
What does the Islamic State lack?
What did the Islamic State proclaim itself in 2014?
When did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?
In what year did the invasion of Iraq by Western forces occur?
What was ISIL's response to the expulsion from al-Qaeda?
When did the Syrian Civil War begin?
What has ISIL been designated by the United Nations?
How does the HT view Muslim history?
In what century did Ali die?
When did the Ottoman Caliphate end?
The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate is believed to have ended what system?
What is the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate believed to have done?
What type of jihad does HT not engage in?
How does HT take power?
Who does HT work with to change the government?
In what country did HT try to launch a bloodless coup in 1974?
Many HT members have gone on to join what?
How many Muslims live in Greater London?
What type of outlook do some Muslims have?
In what year was Undercover Mosque broadcast?
What term has been given to the Muslims in Greater London?
What was Abu Hamza al-Masri charged with?
When did the U.S. begin to counter violent Islamism?
Who conducted the public diplomacy programs?
Who called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of "political warfare"?
Who is Robert Gates?
What was the US Information Agency charged with during the Cold War?
What language did the word "imperium" originate from?
Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of what?
What country has the term imperialism been applied to in the 19th and 20th centuries?
What has Imperialism allowed for the rapid spread of?
Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and what?
What is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule"?
What is it called when a state has control over another group of people?
What type of imperialism is informal imperialism?
What type of imperialism is less costly than taking over territories formally?
What is another term for "informal" imperialism?
What was the general purpose of the definition of imperialism?
What is more costly with informal rule than taking over territories formally?
What type of rule is less costly than taking over territories formally?
What is the greatest aspect of an empire through the amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded?
What theory explains the division of the world by how developed and developing nations are portrayed?
Who suggested that imperialism was the highest form of capitalism?
What are some states today viewed as due to their political and economic authority over other nations?
Most books on the subject confine themselves to what type of empires?
What is the term imperialism often conflated with?
What does colonialism lack?
For what reason is imperialism developed?
What is a contiguous land empire that is generally excluded from discussions of colonialism?
Imperialism and colonialism have been used to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon what?
What two ideologies dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control?
What does colonialism refer to when it refers to the process of a country?
What is the meaning of imperialism?
What is the core meaning of colonialism?
What is inherited by the conquered indigenous populations?
What is a controversial aspect of imperialism?
What is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds?
What does Hobson believe the race of the earth should be a part of?
What theory was a rational justification for imperialism?
What is still prized today in Latin America?
Where was Friedrich Ratzel from?
Where was Halford Mackinder from?
What type of geographer was Friedrich Ratzel?
The Royal Geographical Society of London and what other societies had great influence?
What did the Royal Geographical Society of London do to travelers who came back with tales of their discoveries?
What theory suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance?
Ellen Churchill Semple argued that human beings were only able to become fully human in what zone?
What did Edward Said say allowed Europe to establish itself as the superior and the norm?
What type of people did environmental determinism believe were created in the tropics?
According to Siad, Orientalism allowed Europe to establish itself as what?
What concept did British imperialism often use?
When did the British rule of Australia begin?
The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of what empire?
Who did the settlers of Australia consider to be unused by?
What does terra nullius mean?
What does Orientalism refer to?
What did early European studies of the Orient position the East as?
What did Orientalism define the East as?
What was Edward Said's term for the idea of how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East?
In early European studies of the Orient, the East was irrational and backward in opposition to what West?
What did Bassett focus on during the "scramble for Africa"?
What did the use of blank space provide incentives for imperial and colonial powers to obtain?
What did Bassett use blank space to denote?
What did Bassett study?
What country's power did Bassett believe was extending into West Africa?
When did the Americas have large empires such as the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire?
Who was a conquest of the Mongol Empire?
How many Muslim empires are there in Sub-Saharan Africa?
What empire predated the European colonial era?
What region has dozens of empires that predated the European colonial era?
What is it called when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
What type of power is not lost on authoritarian regimes?
What soap opera depicted opulent American lifestyles during the Cold War?
What culture would local elites be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of?
What do authoritarian regimes do to combat the influence of foreign popular culture?
When did the Age of Imperialism begin?
What was the process of influencing and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power?
How many years have imperialist practices existed?
When did the Age of Imperialism end?
What was the name of the policy in China during the Age of Imperialism?
When was John Gallagher born?
When did Ronald Robinson die?
Who were John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson?
What grew significantly and became much more interconnected in the decades before World War I?
Who was rich and prosperous before World War I?
What was Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism primarily focused on?
When was India colonized?
Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on collecting resources from what?
The British exploited the political weakness of what state?
Along with military technology, what other advancements did Europe make?
What did European chemists make that could be used in combat?
What weapon became an effective battlefield weapon in the 1880s?
What were armies in less developed countries fighting with?
Which chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat?
In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on what country's experience?
When was the term imperialism first introduced into English?
What was imperialism a policy of?
What was the need for capitalist economies to do?
What is another name for capitalism?
When did the rise of the military-political complex in the United States begin?
When were non-Marxist writers at their most prolific?
What did Hobson believe domestic social reforms could cure?
What did J. A. Hobson believe could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order?
What concept served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples?
What did environmental determinism believe a certain person's behaviours were determined by?
What was the view of people living in tropical environments?
Where was the last wave of European colonialism?
What are the two forms of environmental determinism?
Who believed that Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being?
Which climatic zones were believed to produce a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being?
What were the people of tropical climates in need of?
What is a view of a people based on their geographical location?
According to geographic scholars, the world could be split into climatic zones under what?
When were Britain's imperialist ambitions first seen?
When was the British East India Company established?
Who chartered the British East India Company?
What caused the plundering of the local economy?
Which empire had already set up trading posts in India?
When did France take control of Algeria?
When did France begin to rebuild its worldwide empire?
Along with French civilization and language, what religion did the French empire spread?
What continent did France primarily focus on after 1850?
When did Republicans become supportive of France's colonial empire?
What did Ferry say the higher races had a duty to do?
What was the term for full citizenship rights?
How many settlers did France send to its colonies?
What did France bring to the world?
What country did France send a small number of settlers to its colonies?
What did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French use as bases from which they fought to liberate France?
What began to challenge the Empire after 1945?
France lost a bitter war in what country in the 1950s?
Where did France win the war in the 1950s?
In what year did most of France's colonies gain independence?
Where did the Germanic tribes originate from?
Who did the Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe exclude?
When did the Germanic tribes expand throughout northern and western Europe?
When did the Holy Roman Empire form?
What was "Germany" largely a conceptual term referring to?
When was Germany's participation in Western imperialism negligible?
When was Otto von Bismarck born?
When did Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire?
Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
Prussia and the German states preferred to manipulate what system through the Concert of Europe?
Where did Germany build a colonial empire in 1883-84?
Why did public opinion start to demand colonies?
In what year did the German colonial empire begin?
What was the name of the colonial empire that Germany started in 1884?
Who influenced Bismarck?
What did Japan do after the Russo-Japanese War?
When was the First Sino-Japanese War?
What country did Japan invade during the Second Sino-Japanese War?
What territory did Japan conquer in 1931?
The People's Republic of what country supported post-World War II communist movements?
When did the policy of "Indigenization" stop being implemented?
Who asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory?
Where did the Soviet Union install socialist regimes after World War II?
Who reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as the empire by 1921?
Trotsky believed the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of what?
Who declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism?
Who argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade?
Who was the new political leader in the late 1950s?
What did Joseph Stalin establish for the Soviet Union?
What was the First British Empire based on?
In what year did Britain lose the American colonies?
What policy did Britain adopt in the 1840s?
When did the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies occur?
In what year did Britain defeat Napoleonic France?
What was the largest empire that the world has ever seen?
What did Social Darwinism and theories of race form an ideological underpinning?
What was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury?
The Scramble for Africa and additions in Asia led to a resurgence in what region?
What was the name of the US policy that opposed imperialism?
What was the name of Theodore Roosevelt's policy in Central America?
What caused business, labor and government leaders in the US to condemn America's occupation of the Philippines?
What country did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose?
What was American foreign policy denounced as by Smedley Butler?
Who was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914?
In what year was Isiah Bowman appointed to President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry?
What was the idea of President Wilson's inquiry?
What was the purpose of the inquiry?
What was Isiah Bowman known as after his role in the inquiry?
What is a form of imperialism?
What is the internal form of empire referred to as?
How many Africans were treated in the slave trade?
What did Edward Said say the United States used aggressive means of attack towards?
When did the Ottoman Empire end?
Who was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries?
How many provinces did the Ottoman Empire have at the beginning of the 17th century?
The Ottoman Empire controlled much of what continent during the 16th and 17th centuries?
When did the Ottoman Empire control much of Southeast Europe?
What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire?
The Ottoman Empire allied with what country in the early 20th century?
When did the Ottoman Empire dissolve?
What was the new state of the Ottoman Empire after World War I?
What is the mainline Protestant Methodist denomination?
What type of denomination is the United Methodist Church?
When was the United Methodist Church founded?
Who founded the United Methodist Church?
What is the UMC's theological orientation?
What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement?
How many members are there in the United Methodist Church?
What type of denomination is the UMC?
What percentage of the US population self-identified with the United Methodist Church in 2015?
When did the United Methodist Church begin?
Where did the United Methodist Church begin?
What did other students mock the Methodists for?
When did John and Charles Wesley go to America?
Where did John and Charles Wesley go to teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Who did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel to?
What did John and Charles Wesley's teachings emphasize?
What event separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church?
In what year did the Baltimore Christmas Conference take place?
Who was appointed superintendent of the Methodist Society in 1784?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
When was St. George's United Methodist Church founded?
Where did St. George's United Methodist Church first meet?
When was the Methodist Episcopal Church founded?
Who were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
Who licensed Richard Allen and Absalom Jones?
When were Richard Allen and Absalom Jones licensed by St. George's Church?
In what year did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
Why did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
In what year did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
Why did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
When was the United Methodist Church created?
Where was the United Methodist Church created?
Who represented The Methodist Church at the General Conference?
What type of church does the United Methodist Church belong to?
What recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon?
What does the "visible and invisible Church" mean?
Why was John Wesley compelled to break with standard practice?
Who assisted Wesley in ordaining Vasey and Whatcoat?
Who were the two presbyters John Wesley ordain?
When was the United Methodist Church formed?
Who were the founders of the United Methodist Church?
Who was the first United Methodist theologian?
Who was the first United Methodist theologian?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is prevenient grace?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is the term for grace offered by God to all people, that we receive by faith and trust in Christ, through which God pardons the believer of sin?
What cancels our guilt and empowers us to resist the power of sin?
What is another name for justifying grace?
What is another name for justifying grace?
What did John Wesley originally call the experience of being born again?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is the grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
Sanctifying Grace is the grace of God that sustains the believers in the journey toward what?
What is at a unique crossroads between evangelical and sacramental, between liturgical and charismatic, and between Anglo-Catholic and Reformed theology and practice?
What does the United Methodist Church believe in?
What is considered one of the more moderate and tolerant denominations with respect to race, gender, and ideology?
What book states that the United Methodist Church is at once "catholic, evangelical, and reformed"?
In what year did the United Methodist Church go on record in support of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
What is the denomination of the United Methodist Church?
What group was the United Methodist Church a founding member of?
What are the names of the two official bodies of the United Methodist Church?
Who does the church emphasize the need to be in supportive ministry with?
Who does the church believe is sacred to the life and well-being of?
What does TUMAS stand for?
In what year was the General Conference held?
Who was the president of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality?
What movement has the Methodist Church supported historically?
When did the General Board of Church and Society call on all United Methodists to abstain from alcohol for Lent?
What is the name of John Wesley's famous sermon?
What does the United Methodist Church use in the sacrament of Holy Communion?
What does the United Methodist Church condemn?
The United Methodist Church believes that Jesus abolished the death penalty in what verse?
Where does the United Methodist Church believe Jesus repudiated the lex talionis?
What conference of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to the death penalty?
What does the United Methodist Church prohibit the celebration of?
When was Jimmy Creech defrocked?
In what year did a United Methodist bishop perform a same-sex marriage in church?
What is the name of the governing committee of the United Methodist Church?
Many organizations, conferences, and congregations have recently called for broader acceptance of what community within the UMC?
What have many conferences voted in favor of?
When was Rose Mary Denman defrocked?
When were clergy credentials removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud?
What conference has approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture?
What is not always righteous before God?
The United Methodist Church supports and extends its ministry to those who conscientiously oppose what?
What does the United Methodist Church believe war is incompatible with?
What does the United Methodist Church reject war as?
What does the United Methodist Church endorse?
Who states that pornography is harmful and is generally addictive?
The United Methodist Church teaches that pornography is about what?
Who do addicts of pornography have a perception of?
The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos created for what?
What does the UMC support research on?
What does the UMC oppose the creation of embryos for the sake of?
What is the name of John Wesley's revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
When did John Wesley provide a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
John Wesley provided a revised version of what book?
Where is the United Methodist Church located?
From what Anglican tradition are many of the liturgies of the United Methodist Church derived?
What does exorcism involve?
What may be named after a biblical figure?
Who was the founder of the Salvation Army?
Who was Methodism's revered founder?
What is organized into conferences?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
Where are legislative changes recorded?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
How often does the General Conference meet?
How many jurisdictions are there in the United States?
How many central conferences does the church have outside of the United States?
What is the main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences?
Who are the chief administrators of the church?
What areas of the church do bishops serve?
Who makes decisions between the four-year meetings?
Who is usually in charge of the Mission Council?
How many acres did the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction lease for the George W. Bush Presidential Library?
What was the purpose of the lease at Southern Methodist University?
Where was the George W. Bush Presidential Library located?
How many members are in the Judicial Council?
What is the highest court in the denomination?
How long is the term for members of the Judicial Council?
How often does the Judicial Council meet?
Where does the Judicial Council meet twice a year?
What is the basic unit of organization within the UMC?
What does the term Annual Conference refer to?
What are Clergy members of?
What is the guidebook for local churches and pastors?
How many members must a board of trustees have in all UM churches?
How many members are required for a board of trustees in all UM churches?
What is the name of the annual meeting of all the officers of the church?
What is the name of the annual meeting of all the officers of the church?
How many colleges and universities are affiliated with the United Methodist Church?
How many schools and institutions does the United Methodist Church operate overseas?
What organization are most colleges and universities affiliated with?
Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?
What do elders serve in local congregations?
Elders in full connection are each a member of what?
What is each deacon in full connection a member of?
Who advises the resident bishop on all clergy appointments?
How often is an appointment made?
What happens if no appointments are officially fixed?
Who can be appointed to the local church, or to other valid extension ministries of the church?
Who can an Elder be appointed to?
How long are provisional Elders?
Elders can also be assigned as what?
How long do deacons serve as provisional deacons prior to their ordination?
Who is called by God?
Who is called by God?
What can deacons do if they are appointed as the pastor in a local church?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is the term for a seminary graduate who serves a two-three-year term in a full-time appointment after being commissioned?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is the official title of a local pastor?
Who has the authority of a pastor only within the context and during the time of the appointment?
How long is a course of study for a local pastor?
What is the name of the membership that allows a local pastor to retire as clergy?
Who are those who have been baptized as an infant or child, but have not subsequently professed their own faith?
How do baptized members become professing members?
How can an individual become a Professing Member?
What is a sacrament in the UMC?
In what classes do students learn about Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition in order to profess their ultimate faith in Christ?
What book directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes to all people, including adults?
What do students learn in confirmation and membership preparation classes?
What are the two categories of lay servants in the United Methodist Church?
What must a lay servant do to be recognized as a local church lay servant?
How often must lay servants report and reapply?
How many advanced courses must lay servants complete?
What is one tradition within the Christian Church?
The United Methodist Church voted to seek what status in the National Association of Evangelicals and in the World Evangelical Fellowship?
What do some in the United Methodist Church feel false ecumenism might result in?
When was the Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed?
When did the United Methodist Church enter full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
In what year did the United Methodist Church begin exploring a merger with three African-American Methodist denominations?
How many members did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many congregations did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many members did the UMC have in 2005?
How many congregations were there in 2005?
What state has the largest number of UMC members?
What was the estimated total UMC membership by the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
How many UMC members were in the U.S. by the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
How many overseas UMC members were there by the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
What group is the UMC a member of?
What is the name of the interdenominational group composed of various churches in the tradition of John Wesley?
When did the World Methodist Council vote to adopt the "Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification"?
When was the French and Indian War?
Who fought in the French and Indian War?
What was the population of the French North American colonies at the start of the war?
What was the population of the British North American colonies at the start of the war?
Where was the war fought?
What did the war begin with?
What was the name of the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
In what year did the British capture Fort Beauséjour?
What happened to General Braddock's attack on the French?
Why did British operations fail in the frontier areas of Pennsylvania and New York?
What did the British capture on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia?
What was the result of the capture of Fort Beauséjour?
Who came to power and increased British military resources in the colonies?
Why did France not want to risk large convoys?
What did France concentrate its forces on?
Where were the British defeated?
What did France cede to Great Britain?
What did France cede to Great Britain?
What did the reduction of France's colonial presence do to Britain's position in eastern North America?
When was the King George's War?
Why does the name French and Indian War obscure the fact that Indians fought on both sides of the conflict?
What was the Seven Years' War?
What are the other names for the war?
What are the official dates of the Seven Years' War?
How long did the Seven Years' War last?
In what year was Montreal captured?
What was the name of the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
How many French people lived in the St. Lawrence River valley?
Where did the French population live?
What did French fur traders and trappers do?
What was the population of the French settlers?
Where were the British settlers on the eastern coast of the continent?
Where were the population centers of the British settlers?
What dominated large areas between the French and the British?
Which tribes were involved in Father Le Loutre's War?
What areas were dominated by the Iroquois Confederation?
What were the tribes formally under?
Which Siouan-speaking tribes dominated the Southeast interior?
Where did the French recruit fighters from when war broke out?
Who supported the British in the war?
How many French troops were stationed in North America at the start of the war?
How many British troops were stationed in North America at the start of the war?
What did most British colonies do?
How long did Céloron's expedition cover?
How many people were in Céloron's expedition force?
What did Céloron do when he encountered British merchants or fur-traders?
What did the Native Americans do when Céloron arrived at Logstown?
Where was the home of the Miami chief?
What did Céloron do to "Old Briton"?
How did Old Briton respond to Céloron's warning?
What did Céloron say about the Natives of the localities?
What was Céloron's report about the situation in the Ohio Country?
What did William Shirley say about the British colonists?
When did the British government give land to the Ohio Company of Virginia?
Who did the British government give land to in 1749?
Who opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown?
What treaty did Christopher Gist complete in 1752?
Where was the "Half-King" Tanacharison located?
What was the War of the Austrian Succession known as in North America?
When did the War of the Austrian Succession end?
What issues were turned over to a commission in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle?
What did the British and French claim in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle?
Who was the Governor-General of New France in 1752?
How many men did Charles Michel de Langlade receive?
What was the goal of Charles Michel de Langlade?
What did the French war party do to the trading center at Pickawillany?
Who was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians in the spring of 1753?
What fort did Paul Marin de la Malgue build?
Where was the second fort built?
What was the purpose of the Troupes de la Marine and Indians?
Who was the chief of the Mingo?
What was William Johnson's job title?
What was William Johnson known as to the Iroquois?
What was William Johnson made in 1746?
Who insisted that the British abide by their obligations and block French expansion?
What company was Robert Dinwiddie an investor in?
Who did Dinwiddie order to warn the French to leave Virginia?
Who did Washington pick up along the way?
On what date did Washington and his men reach Fort Le Boeuf?
Who was the commander of the French forces after Marin died?
Who wrote the letter to Saint-Pierre?
How did Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre respond to the letter from Dinwiddie?
What did Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre say about France's claim to the Ohio Country?
When did Contrecur leave Fort Venango?
When did Trent's company begin construction of a small stockaded fort?
What was the name of the fort built by Contrecur?
What was the name of the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
What did the French do in the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
What did Tanaghrisson do to gain the support of the British?
What was the goal of the Duke of Newcastle's army expedition?
What happened to the British military before Braddock's departure for North America?
How did King Louis XV respond to the news of the British plans to dislodge the French?
What did the British want to do?
What was an early important political response to the opening of hostilities?
What was the goal of the Albany Congress?
Was the plan ratified by the colonial legislatures or by the crown?
What was the result of the Albany Congress?
Who led the expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
What was the outcome of Braddock's expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
How many British soldiers were killed?
Who were two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War?
Whose efforts to fortify Oswego were bogged down in logistical difficulties?
What was the problem with Shirley's efforts to fortify Oswego?
Why did Shirley leave garrisons at Oswego, Fort Bull, and Williams?
What did Shirley leave at Oswego, Fort Bull, and Williams?
Who was the governor of New France?
What did Vaudreuil do when Johnson was seen as a larger threat?
How did the Battle of Lake George end?
Which fort did Johnson's advance stop at?
Where did the French withdrew to after the Battle of Lake George?
Who captured Fort Beauséjour?
What did Nova Scotia Governor Charles Lawrence order to do to the Acadian population?
Where were the only clashes of any size?
Who assumed command of British forces in North America after Braddock's death?
Where was William Shirley's meeting in December 1755?
What did William Shirley plan to do in 1756?
How did William Shirley plan to attack Quebec?
Who was Lord Loudoun's second in command?
Who led the French regular army reinforcements in New France?
When did England declare war on France?
What was the name of the fort Shirley erected?
In what battle did the French destroy the fort and large quantities of supplies?
How much gunpowder did the French destroy in the Battle of Fort Bull?
What did the Battle of Fort Bull set back for the British?
Who refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them?
Where did Montcalm move his headquarters?
What garrison did Montcalm attack in August?
What did Montcalm and the Indians disagree about?
What was Loudoun's major operation for 1757?
Why did Loudoun leave Fort William Henry?
Who ordered Loudoun to attack Louisbourg first?
How did Loudoun react to the news of the attack on Fort William Henry?
Who harassed Fort William Henry during the first half of 1757?
What lake did the French raid on in February?
What did some of Montcalm's Indian allies do when the withdrawal began?
Why were Vaudreuil and Montcalm minimally resupplied in 1758?
What caused the situation in New France to be exacerbated in 1757?
Montcalm focused his meager resources on the defense of what?
What caused Newcastle to fall from power?
Who developed Pitt's plan for the 1758 campaign?
What did Pitt's plan call for?
How many of Pitt's expeditions were successful?
How many Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie's force in the Battle of Carillon?
Who did the French defeat in the Battle of Carillon?
What did Abercrombie do to save something from the Battle of Carillon?
What happened to Abercrombie?
What did the duc de Choiseul decide to focus on after the Seven Years' War?
What was the result of the invasion of Britain?
Where did the 1759 naval battles take place?
Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?
What did the victory at Fort Niagara do?
What was the name of the battle where the British lost outside Quebec City?
In what battle did the British prevent the arrival of French relief ships?
Who negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst?
What did Amherst give to French residents who chose to remain in the colony?
Who did Governor Vaudreuil negotiate a capitulation with?
When did the war in North America end?
What was the name of the treaty that settled the Seven Years' War?
What did the British offer France to surrender?
What did the British view the economic value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane?
How many French-speaking Roman Catholics lived in Acadia?
When did the deportation of Acadians begin?
Where did the British resettle many Acadians?
Where did some Acadians flee to after the Haitian Revolution?
Who issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 do?
Where was the reservation of lands in the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
Where did most of the Spanish Catholic population go after the British took over Florida?
What caused the Ohio Country to be particularly vulnerable to legal and illegal settlement?
When was the Spanish takeover of Louisiana completed?
What historic enemies did the British exploit?
What did the elimination of French power in North America mean for many native populations?
Aristotle and Archimedes used the concept of what in the study of stationary and moving objects?
What was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion, even at a constant velocity?
Who formulated laws of motion that were not improved-on for nearly three hundred years?
How long were laws of motion not improved-on by Sir Isaac Newton?
Who developed a theory of relativity that correctly predicted the action of forces on objects with increasing momenta near the speed of light?
What model describes forces between particles smaller than atoms?
What are exchanged particles called?
What is the name of the main interaction that decreases strength in the Standard Model?
What is one of the four main interactions in the Standard Model?
What type of interaction are weak and electromagnetic forces expressions of?
Who provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology?
What did Aristotle believe the concept of a force to be an integral part of?
How many elements did Aristotle believe were in the terrestrial sphere?
Where did Aristotle believe motionless objects on Earth to be in their natural place?
What type of forced motion did Aristotle believe was required continued application of a force?
When was Galileo Galilei's work on Aristotelian physics?
Who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus?
Galileo Galilei was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of what?
Who created an experiment in which stones and cannonballs were both rolled down an incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion?
Galileo Galilei argued that objects retain velocity unless acted on by what force?
Whose First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
Newton's First Law of Motion is an extension of Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with what?
Whose First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
What law states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
The laws of physics are what in every inertial frame of reference?
What do not change while traveling in a moving vehicle at a constant velocity?
What type of path does the ball follow?
What is the outside world that is moving with a constant speed in the opposite direction?
What applies equally well to constant velocity motion as it does to rest?
What concept can be further generalized to explain the tendency of objects to continue in many different forms of constant motion?
What fixes the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year?
Who extended the principle of inertia further when he explained that reference frames subject to constant acceleration, such as those free-falling toward a gravitating object, were physically equivalent to inertial reference frames?
What do astronauts experience when in free-fall orbit around the Earth?
What was one of the foundational underpinnings for the development of the general theory of relativity?
What asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass?
What type of measurements are well-described through reference frame analysis in advanced physics?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
Newton's second law states that the relative units of force and mass are what?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects?
What type of force is there?
In Newton's Third Law, F and F are equal in what?
If an external force acts on the system, what will experience acceleration proportional to the magnitude of the external force divided by the mass of the system?
In what type of system of particles are there no internal forces that are unbalanced?
If an external force acts on the system, the center of what will experience acceleration proportional to the magnitude of the external force divided by the mass of the system?
What type of understanding of forces can be provided by seeing them as pushes or pulls?
What is used to compare operational definitions of forces to?
What is the conceptual definition of force offered by?
How is it determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics?
What are forces classified as?
What are physical quantities that do not have direction called?
What avoids problems when two forces act on the same object?
If two forces are not known for each force, the situation is what?
What avoids problems when two forces act on the same object?
In what conditions were forces first quantitatively investigated?
What properties do additive vector quantities have?
What is another name for the resultant?
What must be specified if the forces are acting on an extended body?
What rule of vector addition gives an equivalent resultant vector that is equal in magnitude and direction to the transversal of the parallelogram?
What can forces be resolved into at right angles to each other?
How many forces can a horizontal force pointing northeast be split into?
What does summing these component forces using vector addition yield?
What type of components are independent of each other?
What type of vectors can orthogonal force vectors be?
What is generated between the object and the table surface?
What is generated between the object and the table surface?
What force is opposed by static friction?
What is opposed by static friction?
A static equilibrium between two what is the most usual way of measuring forces?
What equals the object's weight?
What is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
What is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
Who wrote the Three Laws of Motion?
Who first described dynamic equilibrium?
What did Galileo believe motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to?
Who first described dynamic equilibrium?
Where would the cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
Where does the cannonball fall in an Aristotelian universe?
What occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction?
What opposes the applied force in a case of dynamic equilibrium?
What force opposes the applied force in a simple case of dynamic equilibrium?
Who misinterpreted this motion as being caused by the applied force?
What equation describes the physics of quantum mechanics instead of Newtonian equations?
What equations are used instead of the Schrödinger equation?
The potentials V(x,y,z) or fields are treated similar to what?
What are the results of a measurement now sometimes called?
What concept keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics?
What is the discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called?
What principle relates the space and spin variables?
What is the discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called?
If two identical fermions have a symmetric spin function, the spatial variables must be symmetric for what type of spin?
What is an example of a symmetric spin function?
How are forces and the acceleration of particles explained in modern particle physics?
What is a redundant concept arising from conservation of momentum?
The development of quantum field theory and general relativity was realized that force is a redundant concept arising from what?
In what diagram is each matter particle represented as a straight line traveling through time?
In a Feynman diagram, each matter particle is represented as what type of line?
How many fundamental interactions are there in the universe?
What are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances?
What force acts between electric charges?
The gravitational force acts between what?
What principle does not permit atoms to pass through each other?
Who unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics?
In what century did quantum mechanics lead to a modern understanding of the first three fundamental forces?
The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of what of disparate ideas?
What are Physicists still trying to develop?
Who identified gravity as a universal force?
Who was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects by determining that the acceleration of every object in free-fall was constant and independent of the mass of the object?
What is the magnitude of acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth?
Where is this measurement taken?
What is directly proportional to the mass of an object at the Earth's surface?
When did Newton realize that the effects of gravity might be observed in different ways?
Newton determined that the acceleration of what around the Earth could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law?
Newton realized that the acceleration due to gravity is proportional to what of the attracting body?
Newton's formula relates the mass and what of the Earth to the gravitational acceleration?
What is the dimensional constant used to describe the relative strength of gravity known as?
Who made the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
When was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
Whose Law of Gravitation states that the force on a spherical object of mass due to the gravitational pull of mass is universal?
What planet's orbit did Newton's Law of Gravitation not fully explain?
What planet did some astrophysicists predict would explain the discrepancies in Newton's Law of Gravitation?
What theory did Albert Einstein write?
Who formulated Newton's theory of general relativity?
Who formulated Newton's theory of general relativity?
What theory has been acknowledged as the theory that best explains gravity?
What is the straight line path in space-time called?
What is the time derivative of the changing momentum of the object called?
In what sense can the curvature of space-time be observed?
What does Lorentz's Law describe as the time rate of change of electric charge?
The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of what force that acts on a charge?
What is the rule of vector multiplication called?
What is Lorentz's Law a sum of?
Who unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?
When did the origin of electric and magnetic fields begin to be fully explained?
How many scalar equations were in James Clerk Maxwell's set?
How many vector equations were reformulated by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs?
Who discovered that electric and magnetic fields could be "self-generating" through a wave that traveled at a speed that was calculated to be the speed of light?
What theory was attempting to reconcile with two observations, the photoelectric effect and the nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe?
What was used to develop a new theory of electromagnetism?
What is the term for the theory of electromagnetism that describes all electromagnetic phenomena as being mediated by wave-particles known as photons?
What is the fundamental exchange particle?
What is the term for the theory of electromagnetism that describes all electromagnetic phenomena as being mediated by wave-particles known as photons?
What is a common misconception about the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
What principle is responsible for the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
What does it take to pack electrons together?
How is this effect manifested macroscopically?
What is a common misconception about the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
What principle is responsible for the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
What does it take to pack electrons together?
How is this effect manifested macroscopically?
The strong force only acts directly upon what?
What is observed between hadrons?
What is the term for the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei?
How is the strong force transmitted?
What is it called when elementary particles are not directly observable?
What is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons?
What is the most familiar effect of the weak force?
What is the most common effect of the weak force?
How many times less is the field strength of the weak force than the strong force?
Electroweak theory shows that electromagnetic forces and the weak force are indistinguishable at temperatures in excess of what?
What is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors?
What happens when electron clouds overlap?
What causes Pauli repulsion?
What is the force that responds whenever an external force pushes on a solid object?
What are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable?
What allows ideal strings to switch physical direction?
ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously in what?
What do tandem effects result in?
What can be used to connect the same string multiple times to the same object?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect what rather than three-dimensional objects?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than what?
In real life, matter has what kind of structure?
Forces that act on one part of an object might affect what of an object?
In real life, matter has what?
What accounts for forces that cause all strains?
What does the formalism of the stress-tensor include?
What does the formalism of the stress-tensor include?
What includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What is angle?
Newton's First Law of Motion ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by what?
What can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body?
Where is the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object always directed?
How do unbalanced centripetal force act to the velocity vector associated with the motion of an object?
What type of force changes the direction of an object?
What direction is the unit vector pointing outwards from the center of the circular path?
What accelerates the object by slowing it down or speeding it up?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system has mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between what forms?
What form of energy can a conservative force convert?
What is conserved when a conservative force acts on a closed system?
What is the conservative force related to?
What can the direction and amount of a flow of water be considered to be?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model what as being due to gradient of potentials?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to what?
What is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms?
What type of force is tension, compression, and drag?
The connection between nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with what?
The Second law of thermodynamics states that energy transformations within closed systems result in energy transformations from ordered to more random conditions as entropy increases?
The Second law of thermodynamics states that energy transformations within closed systems result in energy transformations from ordered to more random conditions as entropy increases?
What law of thermodynamics states that nonconservative forces result in energy transformations within closed systems?
The Second law of thermodynamics states that energy transformations within closed systems result in energy transformations from ordered to more random conditions as entropy increases?
What is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass?
What is another name for the kilogram-force?
What is the unit of mass that accelerates at 1 ms2 when subjected to a force of 1 kgf?
What is the equivalent of 1000 lbf?
What is the equivalent of 1000 N?