What team won the Super Bowl?
What team did the Denver Broncos defeat to win the Super Bowl?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
What team won the Super Bowl?
What was the color of the 50th Super Bowl?
What did the league emphasize with various gold-themed initiatives?
When was the game played?
What league did the Denver Broncos belong to?
What did the league emphasize with various gold-themed initiatives?
What league did the Denver Broncos belong to?
When was the game played?
What team won the Super Bowl?
Where was the game played on February 7, 2016?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
What would have been the name of the Super Bowl with Roman numerals?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 held?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 held?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
Where was the game played on February 7, 2016?
What was the final score of the Super Bowl?
When was the game played?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 held?
What team won the Super Bowl?
What team did the Denver Broncos defeat to win the Super Bowl?
What team won the Super Bowl?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 held?
What team won the Super Bowl?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
What is the name of the game to determine the champion of the National Football League?
What team won the Super Bowl?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
How many games did the Broncos defeat the Patriots in the AFC Championship Game?
In what year was the Seattle Seahawks founded?
Who did the Seahawks defeat to advance to the Super Bowl?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Seahawks defeat to advance to the Super Bowl?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the record of the Panthers in the regular season?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the record of the Broncos in the regular season?
How many games did the Seattle Seahawks defeat the Arizona Cardinals?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Seahawks defeat to advance to the Super Bowl?
What was the number of regular season wins for the Broncos?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Seahawks defeat to advance to the Super Bowl?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Seahawks defeat to advance to the Super Bowl?
When was the Broncos founded?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
What team took an early lead in Super Bowl 50?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
Was Newton limited by Denver's defense?
How many times did Denver's defense sack Newton?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many points did the Broncos take in the Super Bowl?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many points did the Broncos take in the Super Bowl?
How many times did Denver's defense sack Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
What was one of the turnovers that the Broncos recovered for a touchdown?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many times did Denver's defense sack Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
What network broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the US?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the name of the last Super Bowl that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars headlined?
What network broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the US?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Bruno Mars, what artist performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What network broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the US?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the most watched U.S. broadcast ever?
What network broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the US?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What network broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the US?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the name of the last Super Bowl that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars headlined?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
What game did Goodell call "spectacular"?
In what year did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
When did Goodell say that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
What did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be?
What did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be?
In what year did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
What is the name of the first stadium to be narrowed to three?
What is the name of the other stadium that was narrowed down to three?
What is the name of the other stadium that was narrowed down to three?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What were the three sites that the league narrowed the bids to?
How many sites did the league eventually narrow the bids to?
In what city is the Mercedes-Benz Superdome?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
In what city is Levi's Stadium located?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
When did the league announce the two finalists?
How many times has the South Florida/Miami area hosted the Super Bowl?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in South Florida/Miami?
When was the most recent Super Bowl held in South Florida/Miami?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host a Super Bowl?
What was the name of the final stadium to be chosen?
When did the league announce the two finalists?
Where was Super Bowl XIX held?
When did the Florida legislature refuse to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When was the most recent Super Bowl held in South Florida/Miami?
How many finalists were there?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in South Florida/Miami?
How many finalists were there?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host a Super Bowl?
What city has hosted the most Super Bowls?
When did the league announce the two finalists?
How many times has South Florida/Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
What city has hosted the most Super Bowls?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host a Super Bowl?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
On what date was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
Who voted to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did the stadium open?
How much did the stadium cost?
Where was Super Bowl XXXVII held in 2003?
In what city was the 2013 NFL spring meetings held?
On what date was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
How much did the stadium cost?
What was the last Super Bowl held in California?
Where was Super Bowl XXXVII held in 2003?
In what year was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did the stadium open?
How much did the stadium cost?
When was Super Bowl XIX held in the Bay Area?
What was the last Super Bowl held in California?
On what date was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did the stadium open?
In what year was Super Bowl XXXVII held in San Diego?
In what city was the 2013 NFL spring meetings held?
On what date was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did the $1.2 billion stadium open?
How much did the stadium cost?
When was Super Bowl XXXVII held in San Diego?
Who was the coach of the Seahawks in their last Super Bowl appearance?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
How many teams have a 15-1 record?
What team was one of only ten to have completed the regular season with only one loss?
What was the first Super Bowl the Broncos reached?
Who was the coach of the Seahawks in their last Super Bowl appearance?
How many times have the Denver Broncos appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
What was the only other time the Panthers appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have a 15-1 record?
What was the number of seeds from both conferences in the Super Bowl?
What was the number of seeds from both conferences in the Super Bowl?
What was the first Super Bowl the Broncos reached?
What was the other time the Panthers appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have a 15-1 record?
How many seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was the coach of the Seahawks in their last Super Bowl appearance?
What running back was waived by the Carolina Panthers?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
How many teams have won at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had their best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
In what year did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the New Orleans Saints have the best start to a season in NFL history?
In what year did the Green Bay Packers record a 13-0 start?
What happened to Kelvin Benjamin in the preseason?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
What running back was waived by the Carolina Panthers?
In what year did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
What team had their best regular season in franchise history?
When did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had their best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense have?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
How many interceptions did Cam Newton have?
How many punts did Ted Ginn return?
Who was Newton's leading receiver?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many passes did Olsen catch?
What was Ted Ginn Jr.'s position?
Who led the Panthers backfield with 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense have?
Who had one of his best seasons?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw for?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense have?
How many points did the Panthers offense score?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw for?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many passes did Ted Ginn Jr. catch?
How many points did the Panthers defense give up?
How many career sacks did Jared Allen have?
How many tackles did Kuechly have?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense have?
Who led the team in sacks with 11?
How many interceptions did the Panthers have?
Who led the team in sacks with 11?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense have?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense have?
Who led the team with a career high seven interceptions?
How many interceptions did the Panthers have?
Who had 5 sacks in just 9 starts?
Who led the team in tackles with 118?
How many fumbles did Kawann Short recover?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season?
What team was Peyton Manning's rookie year with?
What team did the Broncos lose to in the regular season finale?
Who is the Broncos' defensive coordinator?
How many division championships did John Fox win?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
What team was Peyton Manning's rookie year with?
How old was Peyton Manning in the 2015 off-season?
What injury caused Peyton Manning to have his worst statistical season since his rookie year?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who was the quarterback of the Broncos?
What was the cause of Manning's worst statistical season since his rookie year?
How old was Peyton Manning in the 2015 off-season?
How many division championships did John Fox win?
Who was the head coach of the Denver Broncos when they lost the division round of the previous season's playoffs?
Who was the quarterback of the Broncos?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
In what foot did Manning suffer a partial tear of the plantar fasciitis?
Who is the Broncos' defensive coordinator?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler throw?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many yards did Manning throw?
How many touchdowns did Manning throw?
Who led the team with 105 receptions?
What position did Demaryius Thomas hold?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions?
How many receptions did Demaryius Thomas have?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
What was Ronnie Hillman's yards per carry average?
How many yards did the Broncos' defense allow?
How many sacks did Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson have?
Who led the team in total tackles?
How many fumbles did Von Miller recover?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson are what?
How many points did the Broncos' defense allow?
Who led the team with 11 sacks?
Who led the team in total tackles?
How many fumbles did Von Miller recover?
Who led the team with 11 sacks?
Who led the team in total tackles?
Who had 5½ sacks?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the NFC Championship Game?
What was the final score of the Panthers' divisional round win over the Seattle Seahawks?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the Panthers' divisional round win over the Seattle Seahawks?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
What was the final score of the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were left on the clock in the AFC Championship Game?
What team defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the divisional round?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
How many seconds were left on the clock in the AFC Championship Game?
Who didn't throw any interceptions in their two playoff games?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
How many seconds were left on the clock in the AFC Championship Game?
Who broke his arm in the NFC Championship Game?
What did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many ACL tears had Thomas Davis overcome in his career?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
What had Thomas Davis already overcome in his career?
What did Thomas Davis break?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
What is another name for the Super Bowl?
How many ACL tears had Thomas Davis overcome in his career?
What happened to Thomas Davis in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
Who broke his arm in the NFC Championship Game?
At what age is Brees the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38?
At what age did John Elway lead the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What is John Elway's current title?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38?
At what age did John Elway lead the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
How many different teams did Peyton Manning lead?
How many different teams did Peyton Manning lead?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38?
In what game did John Elway lead the Broncos to victory at age 38?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
At what age is Peyton Manning the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38?
When was Manning the #1 selection in the NFL draft?
When was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
What was Newton's age?
What was the record for the largest age difference between opposing quarterbacks?
Who was the other top pick in the 2011 draft?
Who was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft?
Who was the #1 pick in the 2011 NFL draft?
What was Newton's age?
What was the first Super Bowl to feature a player who was the #1 pick in their draft class?
When was Manning the #1 selection in the NFL draft?
When was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
Who was the other top pick in the 2011 draft?
In what year was Newton picked first?
What was Newton's age?
What was the record for the largest age difference between opposing quarterbacks?
In what Super Bowl did Rivera play as a linebacker?
What team did Rivera play for?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
What team did Kubiak replace Elway with?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
Who was a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
In what Super Bowl did Rivera play as a linebacker?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker that slipped and missed a field goal?
What type of turf did the NFL use for the Super Bowl?
Who is the field director of the Atlanta Braves?
What team did Justin Tucker play for?
What is Justin Tucker's job?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker that slipped and missed a field goal?
What is Justin Tucker's job?
What type of playing surface did the NFL use for the Super Bowl?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker that slipped and missed a field goal?
What did the NFL re-sodd the field with?
What type of turf was used for the Super Bowl?
What did a number of players need to change during the game?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker that slipped and missed a field goal?
What type of grass is typically used for Super Bowl games?
What team elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants?
What was the final score of the Broncos' Super Bowl XXXIII victory?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color were the Broncos' road jerseys?
In what game did the Broncos last wear white in the Super Bowl?
In what game did the Broncos last wear white in the Super Bowl?
What was the final score of the Broncos' Super Bowl XXXIII victory?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color were the Broncos' road jerseys?
What did the Broncos choose to wear as their home jersey?
Who was the only other AFC champion to wear white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl?
In what game did the Broncos last wear white in the Super Bowl?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in their only other Super Bowl win?
What color jerseys have the Seattle Seahawks been 0-4 in Super Bowls?
What would the Panthers wear at home?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
In what city did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
In what city did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
What was the first Super Bowl with Roman numerals?
Who is the league's vice president of brand and creative?
Where was the standardized logo template introduced?
Who is the trophy behind the large numerals in the logo?
In what year did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
For what game will Roman numerals be reinstated?
What was the previous name of Super Bowl 50?
What color are the numerals on the logo?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
What did the NFL change the name of Super Bowl 50 to?
What is the Arabic version of the word "Super Bowl"?
What color are the numerals on the logo?
For what game will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
In what language would the game be named?
For what Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What color was the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields in 2015?
When did all sideline jackets and hats begin to have gold logos?
What yard line on the field in the 2015 NFL season was colored gold?
What color was the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields in 2015?
What color was the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields in 2015?
What was the name of the 2015 NFL season?
What was given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What part of the field was colored gold?
What color was the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields in 2015?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
Where was the Moscone Center?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Who is the city supervisor of San Francisco?
When did "Super Bowl City" open?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
What is the name of the event that opened on January 30 in Justin Herman Plaza?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
What is the name of the event that opened on January 30 in Justin Herman Plaza?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
What is the name of the event that opened on January 30 in Justin Herman Plaza?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who said that the homeless were going to have to leave?
How much did Kim want the NFL to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
What event was held at the Moscone Center?
Where is Bellomy Field?
How much money is worth of other ancillary events?
How long is the event at the Santa Clara Convention Center?
How much money is worth of other ancillary events?
Along with the beer, wine and food festival, what is one of the other ancillary events?
Who may need to help fund the event?
Where is the beer, wine and food festival held?
What will aid in finding business sponsors and individual donors?
Who may need to help fund the event?
How much money is worth of other ancillary events?
Who may need to help fund the event?
On what day was the media day moved to?
On what day was the game's media day typically held?
Where was the event held?
Where was the SAP Center located?
What was the name of the bridge used for the opening ceremony?
On what day was the game's media day typically held?
On what day was the media day moved to?
What was the new name of the game's media day?
Where was the event held?
Where was the SAP Center located?
When was the game's media day typically held?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was the event held?
What is the name of the bridge used for the opening ceremony?
On what day was the media day moved to?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was the event held?
What is the name of the bridge used for the opening ceremony?
When was the event held?
What is the name of the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities?
How much money has the host committee raised?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, Chevron and Chevron, what health care company is a major sponsor of the event?
Along with Chevron, Dignity Health, Apple, Google, and Intel, what major company is a sponsor of the event?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo, Intel, Gap, Gap and Gap, what major oil company is a sponsor of the event?
Who is responsible for Business Connect?
How much money has the host committee raised?
What has raised over $40 million?
What is the name of the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities?
What is the name of the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities?
How much money has the host committee raised?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the committee's philanthropic initiative?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the committee's philanthropic initiative?
What has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee vowed to be?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the committee's philanthropic initiative?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the committee's philanthropic initiative?
What is the name of the trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive?
How many karat gold-plated "50" will the winner of Super Bowl 50 receive?
How many pounds will each digit weigh?
Who will design the "50"?
Who will design the "50"?
What trophy do all Super Bowl champions receive?
What is the size of the Vince Lombardi Trophy?
Who will design the "50"?
What trophy do all Super Bowl champions receive?
Who will design the "50"?
What television network broadcast the game in the US?
Along with Jim Nantz, who was the lead broadcast team for the game?
Along with Evan Washburn, who was on the sidelines of the game?
How many cameras are in the upper deck?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
How many main broadcast television partners does the NFL have?
Where did Evan Washburn and Tracy Wolfson call the game?
What kind of view can EyeVision 360 provide?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
Where did Evan Washburn and Tracy Wolfson call the game?
What television network broadcast the game in the US?
How many main broadcast television partners does the NFL have?
What television network broadcast the game in the US?
Who were the lead broadcast team of CBS?
Who were on the sidelines?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
Along with microphones, what new feature did CBS introduce during the telecast?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl in 2015?
Who was the sideline reporter for the game?
Along with Raul Allegre, who was part of ESPN Deportes' Monday Night Football commentary crew?
When did ESPN Deportes announce that they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
What language will be the third dedicated broadcast of the Super Bowl?
Along with the NFL, with what network did ESPN Deportes reach an agreement to broadcast the Super Bowl in Spanish?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl in 2015?
Who was the sideline reporter for the game?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl in 2015?
Who called the game for ESPN Deportes?
Who was the sideline reporter for the game?
What was the name of the service that provided streaming on smartphones?
Through what website was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
What website did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Along with Chromecast and Roku, on what device did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
On what OS was the CBS Sports app available on Windows?
What website did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Along with Chromecast and Roku, on what device did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Who was allowed to watch the NFL on their smartphones?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What company had exclusivity to the NFL Mobile service?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What did CBS provide?
What company had exclusivity to the NFL Mobile service?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
What was the first late night show to air after the game?
What show did CBS air a special episode of after a break for local programming?
What was the first late night show to air after the game?
What show did CBS air a special episode of after a break for local programming?
What was the first late night show to air after the game?
What was CBS taking a break for after a special episode of The Late Late Show?
What was the name of the special episode that CBS aired after a break for local programming?
What was the base rate for a 30-second advertisement?
What is the name of the beer manufacturer that allowed the NFL to air multiple advertisements during the game?
What company was a longtime sponsor of the game?
What is the anniversary of the Pokémon video game and media franchise?
What was the base rate for a 30-second advertisement?
What is the name of the beer manufacturer that allowed the NFL to air multiple advertisements during the game?
What company was a longtime sponsor of the game?
Along with The Pokémon Company, what company made their Super Bowl debut?
Nintendo and what other company made their Super Bowl debut?
What is the name of the beer manufacturer that allowed the NFL to air multiple advertisements during the game?
What company was a longtime sponsor of the game?
What is the name of the beer manufacturer that allowed the NFL to air multiple advertisements during the game?
What company was a longtime sponsor of the game?
What contest did Doritos hold?
What contest did QuickBooks sponsor?
What company had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge?
How long was Death Wish Coffee's commercial?
How many other contenders did Death Wish Coffee beat out?
What company had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge?
How many other contenders did Death Wish Coffee beat out?
What company sponsored the "Small Business Big Game"?
What company had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge?
How many ders did Death Wish Coffee beat out?
What company sponsored the "Small Business Big Game"?
What company had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge?
What was the first trailer for?
What film did Lionsgate pay for?
What film did Paramount pay for?
Along with Eddie the Eagle, what film did Fox pay for?
What film did Lionsgate pay for?
What film did Paramount pay for?
What was the first trailer for?
What movie did Disney pay for?
What movie did Fox pay for Resurgence?
Along with 20th Century Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures and Walt Disney Studios, what studio paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl?
Along with 20th Century, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios, what studio paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What network will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Along with Mark Malone, who is the sideline reporter for the game?
How many stations will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
What network will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who are the color analysts for the game?
Who are the sideline reporters for the game?
What will Jim Gray anchor?
Westwood One will carry the game throughout what continent?
Along with KOA, what radio station in Denver will broadcast the game?
Who is the play-by-play man for the game?
What time will WBT broadcast the game in North Carolina?
Where is WBT-FM based?
Who is the play-by-play man for the game?
Who is the play-by-play man for the game?
Who is the color commentator for the game?
What radio station in North Carolina will broadcast the game?
Who is the play-by-play man for the game?
What stations will broadcast the game in Denver?
What is WBT's sister station?
Along with 5 Live Sports Extra, what radio station will broadcast the contest in the United Kingdom?
Along with BBC Radio 5 Live, what station will broadcast the contest in the United Kingdom?
Along with Rocky Boiman and Greg Brady, who will commentate on the BBC's British English broadcast?
Along with 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra, what broadcaster will broadcast the contest in the United Kingdom?
Along with Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman, who will commentate on the BBC's British English broadcast?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl V?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
When did Harvey Martin die?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced during the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced before the game?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced during the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What award did Marlee Matlin win?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What does ASL stand for?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided the translation of the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided the translation of the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
Who provided the translation of the national anthem?
On what date did the league announce that the show would be headlined by Coldplay?
What nationality is Coldplay?
What was the name of the game that Beyoncé headlined?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
What was the name of the game that Bruno Mars headlined?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What company confirmed that Beyoncé would be appearing at the Super Bowl?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show?
What team took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning throw a 22-yard pass to?
Who did Shaq Thompson tackle?
Who made a 34-yard field goal?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
How many yards did Peyton Manning complete to tight end Owen Daniels?
Who tackled Ronnie Hillman?
Who made a 34-yard field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing?
What team took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning complete an 18-yard pass to on the opening kickoff?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
Who made a 34-yard field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing?
Who disagreed with the call?
Who was the Panthers quarterback?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball in the end zone?
What was the last fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who did Cam Newton appear to complete a 24-yard pass to?
Who disagreed with the call?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball in the end zone?
In what year was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who disagreed with the call?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball in the end zone?
What was the last fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
Who punted Jordan Norwood a 28-yard punt?
How many seconds were left in the second quarter?
How many yards did Norwood return?
How many yards did McManus kick?
How many yards did Newton complete on his first four passes?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
When did the Panthers cut the score to 10-7?
Who received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt?
How many yards did McManus kick?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
What did McManus do to increase the lead to 13-7?
Who tackled Tolbert?
What is Danny Trevathan's position?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
Who was sacked by DeMarcus Ware with 11 seconds left?
Who sacked Newton?
Who lost a fumble on Carolina's next possession?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
How many yards did Ealy return the ball?
Who sacked Newton?
Who lost a fumble on Carolina's next possession?
Who recovered the fumble that Tolbert lost?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
What did the Panthers have to do when they could not gain any yards with their possession?
Who sacked Newton?
Who did Newton pass to on the first offensive play of the second half?
Who hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
What was the yardage of the field goal attempt?
Who kicked a 33-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 16-7 lead?
Who intercepted the Newton pass?
Who did Newton pass to on the first offensive play of the second half?
What did Graham Gano hit on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who intercepted Newton's pass?
Who recovered Ward's fumble?
Who did Newton pass to on the first offensive play of the second half?
On what line did the Broncos defense stop the Carolina drive?
Who hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who did Manning pass to for 25 and 22 yards?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
How many yards long was Gano's field goal?
Who had a 16-yard reception that set up Gano's 39-yard field goal?
Who had a 12-yard run to set up Gano's 39-yard field goal?
Where did the Broncos drive to in the fourth?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
On what line did Ealy recover Manning's fumble?
What happened to the next three drives of the game?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
On what line did Ealy recover Manning's fumble?
What was Gano's field goal?
How many drives of the game ended in punts?
On what yard line did Carolina get the ball with 4:51 left in regulation?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who committed a holding penalty that gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
Who did Manning pass to for a 2-point conversion?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
Who recovered the ball from Newton?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who committed a holding penalty that gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
When did the Broncos take a 24-10 lead?
How much time was left in regulation?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
Who recovered the ball from Newton?
How many plays was the Broncos offense kept out of the end zone?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
How many of Miller's total tackles were solo?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
How many receptions did Anderson have?
Who had seven total tackles?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
Who was his top receiver?
Who had seven total tackles?
Who was his top receiver?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
How many field goals did McManus make during the post-season?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
How many receptions did Anderson have?
How many total yards did the Broncos lose?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose?
What team held the previous record of 244 yards in a Super Bowl?
Who is the name of the artist?
Who had the lowest aggregate passer rating for a Super Bowl?
How many total yards did the Broncos lose?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose?
What team had the previous Super Bowl record of seven sacks?
What team had the most sacks in the Super Bowl?
How many first downs did the Broncos get?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose?
Who had the most sacks in the Super Bowl?
What team had the previous Super Bowl record of seven sacks?
How many teams' combined third down conversion percentage of 13.8 was a Super Bowl low?
What was the first female recipient of?
When was Pulaski born?
Who was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize?
Władysław Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin are what?
When did Chopin move to Warsaw?
How many different species of trees are there?
What was remodeled in the 19th century?
What was the name of the royal garden?
Where is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier?
What park covers the area of 76 ha?
How far from Warsaw is the Vistula river?
What animal species are included in the list?
How many natural reserves are in Warsaw?
How many lakes are in Warsaw?
Why are most lakes emptied before winter?
What was the most diverse type of city in Poland?
How many of the inhabitants were of Polish mother tongue in 1933?
What percent of the population were Jews in 1897?
What was a significant minority in Warsaw?
What is most of the modern day population growth based on?
What is the second academic school of technology in the country?
How many professors are employed by the Warsaw University of Technology?
What is the largest medical school in Poland?
When was the University of Warsaw established?
What is the oldest and largest music school in Poland?
When was the University Library founded?
How many items are in the University Library?
What was Marek Budzyński?
Who designed the University Library garden?
How large is the roof garden?
What suffered in Warsaw during its time as an Eastern Bloc economy?
What was the initial plan to rebuild Poland?
What has caused Warsaw to see many improvements over the past decade?
Has the city's metro, roads, sidewalks, health care facilities and sanitation facilities improved or worsened?
What city has some of the best medical facilities in Poland?
What is the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland?
What is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe?
How many beds are in the clinical section?
What has happened to the infrastructure over the past years?
What type of venue is the Teatr Wielki?
 Warsaw hosts many what?
Where is the Congress Hall?
What city hosts many events and festivals?
 Warsaw hosts many events and what?
Where is the Summer Theatre located?
What is Ogród Saski?
When was the Summer Theatre in operation?
What was Warsaw's first literary cabaret?
What was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre"?
What is the name of the festival held on the banks of the Vistula?
How many people gather on the banks of the Vistula?
What is the name of the festival called Wianki?
What did the wreaths of herbs on the water predict?
What flower do people look for on Midsummer's Eve?
What does the Museum of Hunting and Riding have the largest collection of in the world?
How many museums are in Warsaw?
What type of museum is the National Museum?
What does the National Museum have from Adolf Hitler's private collection?
The Museum of the Polish Army portrays the history of what?
Where can a fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw be found?
Where is the Warsaw Uprising Museum located?
What type of theater is the Warsaw Fotoplastikon?
What preserves patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence?
How many rooms does the Warsaw Historical Museum have?
What currently houses the Centre for Contemporary Art?
How many projects does the Centre realize each year?
What is the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw?
Who does the Zachęta National Gallery of Art feature?
When is Warsaw Gallery Weekend held?
What team won Ekstraklasa championship in 2000?
When did they win the country's championship?
How many times did they win the cup?
Where is Polonia's home venue?
Why was Polonia relegated from the top flight in 2013?
What is another name for the mermaid?
What is Warsaw's symbol?
How long has this imagery been in use?
What year is the oldest existing seal of Warsaw?
What did the sea monster have in its claws?
What type of figure is not fully known?
Where did Triton's daughters set out on a journey?
Where did one of them decide to stay?
What village did Queen stop to rest on a sandy beach?
What happened to the mermaid?
Where was Tamara de Lempicka born?
When did she marry Tadeusz Łempicki?
What style of art did she represent better than anyone else?
What is Nathan Alterman's profession?
Who described Warsaw in many of his novels?
Who ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world in 2012?
In what year did the Economist Intelligence Unit rank Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?
What is Warsaw's economy characterized by?
What type of exchange is the Warsaw?
What is the European Union agency for external border security?
When was the first historical reference to Warsaw?
What was the capital city of Poland in 1313?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
Who moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
Why did Warsaw gain the title of the "Phoenix City"?
What religion is Warsaw's archdiocese?
Along with the University of Warsaw, what is the name of the university of Warsaw?
What was Warsaw listed as in 1980?
What type of detail does the Castle Square have?
Around a quarter of the city is filled with what?
What isWarsaw's name in the Polish language?
What does Warszowa mean?
What was Warsz's occupation?
What did Warsz own?
What is the official city name in full?
Along with Bródno, where were the first fortified settlements on the site of Warsaw?
Who was Bolesław II of Masovia?
In what year was Warsaw established?
When did Masovia become the capital of Masovian Duchy?
When was the duchy reincorporated into the polish crown?
What was Warsaw the seat of in 1529?
When did Warsaw become the seat of the General Sejm?
What did the Warsaw Confederation establish?
Why did Warsaw become the capital of the Commonwealth?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
When did Warsaw cease to be the capital of the polish-lithuanian Commonwealth?
Warsaw became the capital of what kingdom in 1796?
Who liberated Warsaw in 1806?
When was the Congress of Vienna?
When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?
When wasWarsaw occupied by Germany?
The Allied Armistice terms required that Germany withdraw from what?
Who returned to Warsaw on 11 November?
When was the Polish-Bolshevik War?
Who was defeated in the Battle of Warsaw?
When did the Second World War begin?
What was the General Government?
How much of the city was Jewish?
When did the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begin?
How long did the Ghetto hold out?
Who was deep into Polish territory in 1944?
Why did the Polish government-in-exile in London give orders to the underground Home Army?
When did the Warsaw Uprising begin?
How long did the armed struggle last?
How many Polish civilian deaths are estimated?
What was the name of the campaign to build housing in Warsaw after World War II?
What type of housing was built in Warsaw to address the housing shortage?
What type of city was the Palace of Culture and Science?
What was a gift from the Soviet Union?
What was Warsaw's Old Town inscribed onto in 1980?
Who was the pope of Italy in 1979 and 1983?
What did John Paul II's visits to his native country encourage?
How long after becoming pope did John Paul celebrate Mass in Victory Square in Warsaw?
Where did John Paul celebrate Mass in 1979?
What did Polish citizens see the words of the Polish president as?
How many kilometers away from the Carpathian Mountains is Warsaw?
How many miles away from Berlin is Warsaw?
What river does the city straddles?
How tall is Szczęśliwice hill?
Where is the lowest point?
How many geomorphologic formations is Warsaw located on?
Warsaw is located on two main geomorphologic formations, the plain moraine plateau and what?
What plateau is Warsaw located on?
What river divides Warsaw into two parts?
What is the name of the moraine plateau on the edge of Warsaw?
What plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds?
What does the highest level of the left side consist of?
What is visible on the contemporary flooded terrace?
What type of terraces are there?
What type of forest is a forest?
Warsaw's mixture of architectural styles reflects the country and what else?
When was Warsaw razed to the ground?
When did rebuilding begin in other cities of the communist-ruled PRL?
What is the name of the palace?
What was the basic design of the residential blocks?
What type of architecture is represented in the majestic churches but also at the burgher houses and fortifications?
When was St. John's Cathedral built?
What style is the temple a typical example of?
The house of Baryczko merchant family is an example of what type of architecture?
The Royal Castle and the Jesuit Church are examples of what type of architecture?
During what century did building activity occur in numerous noble palaces and churches?
When was St. Kazimierz Church built?
What type of architecture is Czapski Palace?
What type of architecture can be described by the simplicity of the geometrical forms?
When was the Palace on the Water built?
What type of architecture was not restored by the communist authorities after the war?
What happened to the Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company Rosja after the war?
What style was the Warsaw Philharmony rebuilt in?
What is the most interesting of the late 19th-century architecture?
What is the Brühl Palace?
Where are there places that commemorate the heroic history of Warsaw?
What is the name of the German Gestapo prison?
What was a place of martyr for the Poles?
The Little Insurgent commemorates who?
What is the name of the monument that commemorates the largest insurrection of World War II?
What type of space is the University Library?
Where is the palm house?
What is the name of the big park in the northern Mokotów?
What park is close to the Sejm and John Lennon street?
When was a zoological garden established on the park grounds?
What is the main reason for the species richness?
Where is Bielany Forest located?
Bielany Forest is the remaining part of what?
What forest is by the southern city border?
How many botanic gardens does Warsaw have?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
When was the Warsaw area enlargement?
How did Varsovians think of themselves?
What was the first measure the city authorities were forced to introduce?
What type of city is Warsaw?
How many people lived in Southampton in 1901?
What percentage of the population were Catholics in 1901?
What percentage of Protestants were there in 1901?
When was the Warsaw Uprising?
What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?
What are the units of the second level of the territorial division?
Along with Gdańsk, Poznań and Lublin, what city is a notable example?
What is Rada Miasta?
How many members are in the Warsaw City Council?
How often are council members elected?
What does the City Council divide itself into?
How long does the City Council have to override a mayor's veto?
What is the mayor of Warsaw called?
Who was the first Warsaw President?
When was Jan Andrzej Menich president?
Who elects the President of Warsaw?
In the years of 1994-1999, the mayor of what district automatically became the President of Warsaw?
What is the name of the city centre of Warsaw?
How many companies were registered in the city in 2006?
What was Warsaw ranked as the 7th greatest?
What percentage of Poland's national income does Warsaw produce?
What was the total nominal GDP of the city in 2010?
When was Warsaw's first stock exchange established?
What war ended the trading of Warsaw's first stock exchange?
When was it re-established?
How many companies are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
What party was the stock exchange previously used as the headquarters of?
When was the FSO Car Factory established?
Along with the Warszawa, Syrena, Fiat 125p, and Fiat 125P, what car was assembled at the factory?
What South Korean car manufacturer bought the factory in 1995?
Who bought the factory in 2005?
What car did AvtoZAZ make?
What is another name for Warsaw?
What is the capital and largest city of Poland?
What river is in east-central Poland?
How many people live in the greater metropolitan area of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank as the most-populous capital city in the European Union?
What is the capital and largest city of Poland?
On what river does the city of Warsaw stand?
How far from the Baltic Sea is the Vistula River?
How many people live in the greater metropolitan area of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank as the most-populous capital city in the European Union?
Where is Normandy located?
When did the Normans give their name to Normandy?
Where did the Norse raiders and pirates come from?
Who was the leader of the Norman raiders?
When did the Normans emerge?
Who was the duke of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily?
Under whom was the Duchy of Normandy forged into a cohesive and formidable principality in feudal tenure?
What orthodoxy did the Normans adopt?
What is another term for "Norseman"?
When was Nordmannus recorded in Medieval Latin?
When did the Duchy of Normandy begin?
Who was the king of West Francia?
The Duchy would eventually extend west beyond what river?
What was the name of the dog before he died?
What religion did the descendants of Rollo's Vikings replace the Norse religion with?
In what part of France did the descendants of Rollo's Vikings create a unique Norman culture?
What did Normandy export by 1066?
In what year did a Saracen attack occur at Salerno?
Who was the shrine of at Monte Gargano?
Where was the shrine of the Archangel Michael?
Who was the leader of Hauteville?
Who was the leader of Melfi?
Who did the Normans eventually capture Sicily and Malta from?
When was Roger II of Sicily crowned king?
Where is William Iron Arm's citadel?
What was the title of the "Tabula Rogeriana"?
What does Kitab Rudjdjar mean?
What type of bureaucracy do Jews, Muslims and Christians have?
Along with the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and the Bulgar, who did the Normans fight against?
When did Hervé serve as a Byzantine general?
When did Robert Crispin lead the Normans of Edessa against the Turks?
Who stopped Roussel de Bailleul?
What is the name of the castle?
Who led a force of Franks into the Euphrates valley?
Who did some Normans join?
What was the origin of several families of Byzantine Greece?
Who drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy?
In what year was Dyrrachium betrayed to the Normans?
How many men did Avicenna lead in 1081?
Along with Gllavenica and Kanina, what river was the citadel of Mili on the banks of?
Who was Robert's son?
Along with Gllavenica and Kanina, what river was the citadel of Mili on the banks of?
When did a large Norman army invade Dyrrachium?
What did the Norman army invade in 1185?
Dyrrachium was one of the most important naval bases in what body of water?
Who was the king of England?
Who was the sister of Emma?
Where was Duke Richard II from?
Who forced Ethelred from his kingdom?
Who invited Edward the Confessor to return to England?
When did Edward the Confessor return from his father's refuge?
Who was the archbishop of Canterbury?
In what battle did Duke William II of Normandy kill King Harold II?
Who was the Duke of Normandy in 1066?
When did Duke William II of Normandy conquer England?
Who did the Normans replace as the ruling class of England?
What did it evolve into?
When did the Normans invade Bannow Bay?
In what country did the Normans settle?
What culture did the Normans have a profound effect on?
Who was one of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror?
Who married Edgar's sister Margaret?
When did William invade Scotland?
What was the name of Malcolm's son?
Who did King David I's elder brother marry?
What group of people came into Scotland?
What was Ralph earl of?
Who was Ralph charged with warring with?
Who set up Ralph as earl of Hereford?
What part of England was subject to Norman interference?
When did Roger de Tosny travel to the Iberian Peninsula?
Who led the papal army during the War of Barbastro?
When was the Siege of Antioch?
Along with Bohemond of Taranto, who was Bohemond's nephew?
What city did Tancred conquer?
How long was Cyprus under Western European domination?
What caused the fleet to be dispersed?
What was the name of the boat carrying his sister and his fiancée?
In what year did Richard the Lion-hearted leave Messina?
Who was the leader of the island?
Who was Richard's rival?
What type of chains were Isaac confined with?
Who was a notable prince of the Holy Land that arrived in Limassol?
Who married Berengaria of Navarre?
When was Richard's wedding held?
What type of coronation did Richard have?
When did the Venetians gain full control of the island?
Who bought Cyprus after the conquest?
Where were the islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro located?
Who took the title of King of the Canary Islands?
Who did Maciot de Bethencourt sell the rights to the islands to?
Who sold the rights to the islands to Enrique Pérez de Guzmán?
Where are Jersey and Guernsey located?
How many judges transcribed Norman customary law?
What idiom did the French spread to England and Italy?
What type of arches were characteristic of the Gothic style?
What preceded the period of Norman architecture in England?
The period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of what?
In what Kingdom did the Normans create a unique style of architecture?
When did the dukes begin a programme of church reform?
Who began a programme of church reform in the early 11th century?
When were the French Wars of Religion?
What is the Bayeux Tapestry a work of?
What is the most famous work of Norman art?
Who was the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent?
Along with fonts, capitals, and capitals, what do many churches preserve from Norman Italy?
In what century was Normandy the site of several important developments in the history of classical music?
Who were the two Italian abbots at Fécamp?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul flee to?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul settle?
Who patronized the monks of Saint-Evroul?
What had developed at Saint Evroul?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
What is AC?
When did Tesla emigrate to the US?
Who did Tesla work for in New York City?
Who licensed Tesla's motor and transformer?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison in 1884?
What was the name of the corporate alternating current/direct current war?
When did Tesla emigrate to the US?
Who did Tesla work for in New York City?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison in 1884?
Who licensed Tesla's motor and transformer?
Along with his AC induction motor, what other item was licensed by George Westinghouse?
In what year did Tesla make early pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What type of power experiments did Tesla do in New York and Colorado Springs?
What did Von Neumann experiment with in his lab?
In what city did Tesla conduct high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments?
In what year did Tesla make early pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What was one of the first ever exhibited?
What was the name of the unfinished intercontinental wireless transmission project?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla?
Where did Von Neumann live most of his life?
What was Tesla's reputation in popular culture?
What earned him a considerable amount of money?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla?
Since what decade has there been a resurgence in popular interest in Tesla?
Along with his achievements, what trait of Tesla earned him a reputation as a mad scientist?
In what modern country is Smiljan located?
What was Tesla's father's occupation?
What type of memory did Nikola attribute to his mother?
What did Nikola attribute his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
What was Tesla's father's occupation?
Who was Tesla's father?
Who was Tesla's mother?
What did Tesla's mother have a talent for?
What did Nikola credit his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
How many children was Tesla?
What language did Tesla learn in the Primary School?
When did the Tesla family move to Gospić?
What was his older brother's name?
What were the names of his sisters?
What happened to Dane when Nikola was five?
Where did the Tesla family move to in 1862?
What was Tesla's father's job?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
In what language were classes held at the school?
What was Tesla able to perform in his head that caused his teachers to believe he was cheating?
What did Tesla's ability to perform integral calculus in his head cause his teachers to believe?
In what year did he graduate?
When did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Why did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
In what language were classes held at the school?
In what year did he graduate?
What disease caused Tesla to be bedridden for nine months?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
What did Tesla's father promise to send him to if he recovered from his illness?
What did Tesla's father want him to do?
Where was Tesla's birthtown?
When did Tesla return to his birthtown?
What disease caused Tesla to be bedridden for nine months?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
What did Tesla's father want him to do?
What did Tesla's father promise to do if he recovered from his illness?
Where did Tesla run away to?
What author did Popper say he read while he was in Tomingaj?
Where did he explore in hunter's garb?
In what year did Tesla run away?
What did he wear to explore the mountains?
What did Tesla avoid in Smiljan?
In what year did Tesla run away?
What did he do in the mountains?
What author did Popper say he read while he was in Tomingaj?
When did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
Where did Tesla enroll in 1875?
In what year did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla become addicted to?
How many Sundays did Tesla claim he worked?
Where was the Austrian Polytechnic located?
When did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
In what year did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla do with his allowance and his tuition money during his third year?
What did the professors warn Tesla about if he was not removed from the school?
What did Tesla do in December 1878?
Why did Tesla leave Graz?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What did Milutin Tesla want his son to do?
What did Nikola suffer at the same time?
In what year did Tesla leave Graz?
What did Tesla leave Graz to hide?
What did Tesla's friends think happened to him?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What did Nikola suffer at the same time?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospić?
When was Tesla returned to Gospić?
How old was Milutin Tesla?
What did some sources say Tesla died of?
What did Tesla do in his old school?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospić?
In what year was Tesla returned to Gospić?
What was the name of Tesla's old school?
What is it called when it happens to a person?
Where did Tesla go to study?
Why did he fail to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University?
What was Tesla's job?
What university did he arrive too late to enroll at?
Where did Tesla go to study?
In what year did Tesla leave Gospić for Prague?
What university did he arrive too late to enroll at?
Who put together enough money to help Tesla leave Gospić?
Where did Tesla move in 1881?
What was the name of the telegraph company Tesla worked for in Budapest?
What position did Tesla receive in Budapest?
What did Tesla claim to have perfected?
What was Tesla's job in the Central Telegraph Office?
When did Tesla move to Budapest?
What was the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What was the name of the telegraph company Tesla worked for in Budapest?
What position did Tesla receive in Budapest?
When did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company?
In what country did Tesla begin working in 1882?
Where did he move in June 1884?
Who hired him to work for him?
What company did Edison work for?
What company did Tesla work for in France?
In what country did Tesla begin working in 1882?
In what year did Popper move to New York City?
Who hired him to work for him?
Where was Thomas Edison's Edison Machine Works located?
How much money did Edison say was in it for you?
What was Edison's offer to Tesla?
How long did it take Tesla to complete his task?
How much money did Edison say was in it for you?
What did Edison say Tesla didn't understand?
What was Edison's offer to Tesla?
Who did Tesla partner with in 1886?
What was the name of the electric lighting company that Lane and Vail co-founded?
What did the company do?
What was issued to Tesla in the US?
What was one of the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
Who did Tesla partner with in 1886?
When did Tesla partner with two businessmen?
What was the name of the electric lighting company that Lane and Vail co-founded?
What did the company do that was designed by Tesla?
What was the name of the company that Edison left?
What happened to Tesla?
How did Tesla end up after he was forced out of his house?
What other job did he have for $2 per day?
During what years did Tesla have terrible headaches and bitter tears?
Why did he lose control of his patents?
What other job did he have for $2 per day?
What type of jobs did he have to work?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
When was the Tesla Electric Company formed?
How much of the profits from generated patents would go to the Tesla Electric Company?
Where was 89 Liberty Street located?
In what year did Tesla meet Alfred S. Brown?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
Along with Alfred S. Brown, what New York attorney did Tesla meet in 1886?
Where was Tesla's laboratory located?
What company did Peck and Brown and Tesla form in April 1887?
What did Tesla develop at his laboratory in 1887?
When was the first electric motor patented?
What did the self-starting motor not need?
What did the self-starting motor avoid?
How did the electric motor work?
When was an induction motor developed at Tesla's laboratory?
Why was alternating current used?
What did the self-starting motor replace?
When was the first electric motor patented?
What was Thomas Commerford Martin's job?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his alternating current system in 1888?
In what year did Thomas Commerford Martin arrange for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system?
Why did Westinghouse get a patent?
Who was the editor of Electrical World?
Who was the editor of Electrical World?
Who did engineers working for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company report that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system?
Who wrote the paper that led Westinghouse to get a patent on an induction motor?
What was Galileo Ferraris' profession?
What company's engineers reported to George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for the rights to the polyphase induction motor and transformer?
Who did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with in 1888?
What was Tesla's job at Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for the rights to the polyphase induction motor and transformer?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay Tesla to be a consultant?
In what city was Westinghouse's labs located?
Where did Tesla work during that year?
What was the purpose of the alternating current?
What was the AC current system Tesla proposed?
What did they end up using instead?
Why did Tesla work in Pittsburgh?
What did they end up using instead?
Who was the "War of Currents"?
What did the competition between Edison and Westinghouse start out as?
What did Edison Machine Works pursue in 1890?
What was the name of the conglomerate that Thomas Edison's company was consolidated into in 1892?
What type of system did Westinghouse introduce in 1886?
Who was George Westinghouse's opponent in the "War of Currents"?
When did the "War of Currents" reach the point of all-out warfare?
What caused Westinghouse to put Tesla's motor on hold for a while?
What was the name of the conglomerate that Thomas Edison's company was consolidated into in 1892?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What company lost the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What was the name of the system that Tesla demonstrated at the Columbian Exposition?
What was the name of the system that Tesla demonstrated at the Columbian Exposition?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
In what year did George Westinghouse win the bid to light the World's Columbian Exposition?
What was a key event in the history of?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company?
Where was the Cataract Construction Company based?
Who was awarded the contract to build a two-phase AC system at the Niagara Falls?
Who was awarded a contract to build the AC distribution system?
What type of system did Tesla say would be the most reliable?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company?
In what year did Richard Dean Adams seek Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power to the falls?
What type of system did Tesla say would be the most reliable?
How did Tesla think a two-phase system would be?
When was a patent-sharing agreement signed between Westinghouse and GE?
How much did Westinghouse pay for the patents?
What was the original AC horsepower royalty?
How much money did Westinghouse pay in licenses and royalties to Tesla?
What financier backed General Electric in the 1890s?
How much money had Westinghouse paid in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
How much did Westinghouse pay for the patents?
At what age did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
In what city was Tesla's laboratory located?
What type of lighting was used to demonstrate the potential of wireless power transmission?
What did he patent in the same year?
When did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What did Musk patent in the same year?
At what age did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What type of power was used at both locations?
What organization did Tesla serve as a vice president of?
What organization did Tesla serve as a vice president of?
When did Tesla stop being a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
What position did Tesla hold in the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
When did Tesla serve as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Along with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, what was the forerunner of the IEEE?
Why did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy of invisible kinds?
What caused much of Tesla's early research to be lost?
When did Wilhelm Röntgen announce the discovery of x-rays?
What was the only thing captured in the image?
When did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy of invisible kinds?
What is another name for Roentgen rays?
Where was most of Tesla's early research lost?
What did Tesla accidentally capture when he tried to photograph Mark Twain?
Who did Tesla try to photograph with a Geissler tube?
What did Tesla do his own experiments in?
When did Tesla begin to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging?
What is another name for X-ray imaging?
What did Tesla use experimental setups to produce?
What was the output of Tesla's single terminal vacuum tube?
When did Tesla begin to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging?
What was the output of Tesla's single terminal vacuum tube?
What did Tesla believe his circuits would enable one to generate?
What did Tesla believe about X-rays?
What did Popper believe about the cause of the damage to the skin?
What was attributed to various causes?
What did Tesla note the hazards of working with?
Where can plasma waves occur?
What did Popper believe caused the damage to the skin?
What did Tesla believe X-rays were?
Where can plasma waves occur?
Where did he attribute the skin damage to various causes?
Who was the engineer who developed an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor?
In what year did Westinghouse Electric start branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What company started branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What was the name of the device that Tesla used to demonstrate how to make a copper egg stand on end?
Who created the Egg of Columbus?
In what year did the New York Herald Tribune publish an article on Tesla?
What would happen to Tesla if a particle broke off the cathode?
What did Tesla say about the pain?
What did Tesla compare his electric gun to?
Along with the Franklin Institute, what organization did Tesla's theories on radio waves go back as far as 1893?
What device was used in the further development of radio?
Where did Tesla first give a lecture about radio waves?
When did Tesla demonstrate his boat to the public?
What did Tesla call his radio-controlled boat?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his boat to the public?
What was the purpose of the demonstration?
What animal was inside the boat?
In what year was Tesla granted patents for a "system of transmitting electrical energy"?
Who made the first transatlantic radio transmission?
When did Marconi make his first transatlantic radio transmission?
When did the Supreme Court of the United States restore the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
Who restored the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
In what year did Tesla move to Colorado Springs?
Where did Tesla say he was sending signals from Pikes Peak?
When did Tesla perform his first experiments?
How long was Tesla's first spark?
What type of electricity did Tesla investigate?
What type of waves did he observe during this time?
What did Tesla believe about the earth?
What type of electricity did he produce?
How long were the discharges in feet?
How far away was Cripple Creek, Colorado?
What happened to light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab?
What happened to the butterflies?
What did Tesla's error cause?
What happened to the dynamos in a power house six miles away?
What caused the dynamos in a power house six miles away to burn out?
What did sparks in the insulation do to the insulation?
What did Tesla think the signals from his receiver were?
What planet did some people think Tesla was hearing signals from?
In what magazine was the article "Talking With Planets" published?
What did Tesla do in July 1899?
When was Marconi's European experiments thought to have been intercepted?
How much did John Jacob Astor IV invest in Tesla?
Why did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000?
What did Tesla use the money for?
When did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000 in Tesla?
In what year did Tesla leave Colorado Springs?
What happened to Tesla's lab in 1904?
When was his lab torn down?
What happened to the contents of his lab two years after it was torn down?
What was the name of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility that Tesla established?
What was Wardenclyffe?
Where was Wardenclyffe located?
Who did Tesla ask for more money to build a more powerful transmitter?
What event caused Tesla to say he was affected by?
What was Morgan's reaction to the reminder of his part in the stock market crash?
How many letters did Tesla write to Morgan?
Why did Tesla continue the project for another nine months?
What ended Tesla's relationship with Morgan?
How tall was the tower?
How many horsepower did Tesla demonstrate on his 50th birthday?
How fast was Tesla's bladeless turbine?
When was Tesla's 50th birthday?
What was the power range of the turbines tested at?
What type of power did Tesla use for his oscillator?
Where was Tesla experimenting with mechanical oscillators?
What happened to the machine as the speed grew?
In what publication was the article "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer" published?
What would a continuation of this process do?
What did Tesla theorize enhanced the brain?
How did he hope to make dull students bright?
Who was the superintendent of New York City schools?
What was William H. Maxwell's job?
Where did Tesla seek investors?
What happened to Tesla's funding after the war started?
What did he do with Wardenclyffe?
How much did he sell Wardenclyffe for?
What was Tesla's highest honor?
What magazine did Tesla write for in 1917?
What was used to view the signal of the electric ray?
What is a system that has been noted to have a superficial resemblance to?
Who helped develop France's first radar system?
Who was awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
Who was awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
What rumors were there at the time?
A recipient can only decline a Nobel Prize after he has done what?
Why were Edison and Tesla given the award?
How many bids did Edison receive in 1915?
Who won the prize in 1915?
In what year did Tesla receive one of the 38 possible bids?
What was Tesla's last patent?
What is another name for a biplane capable of taking off vertically?
What did Tesla think the plane would sell for?
What type of engines did Tesla first propose to use in rotor aircraft?
How much did Westinghouse pay Tesla?
What did Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company start paying for Tesla in 1934?
How long did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla's expenses?
What was Westinghouse worried about?
What did Tesla announce in 1935?
How far did Tesla say he could transmit mechanical energy?
How much loss did Tesla say he would have in transmitting mechanical energy over any terrestrial distance?
What did Tesla announce in 1935?
In what year did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy?
Why did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker?
What did Tesla refuse to consult?
What happened to Tesla's ribs?
When was Tesla able to get up?
When did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker?
What did Tesla make claims about after studying the Van de Graaff generator?
What did Tesla study to make his claims about a "teleforce" weapon?
Along with anti-aircraft purposes, what type of ground-based weapon did Tesla say the weapon could be used against?
Along with ground-based infantry, for what purpose did Tesla say the weapon could be used?
Along with peace ray, what was another name for the ray?
In what year did Tesla say the death ray was not an experiment?
Where did Tesla say the death ray was not an experiment?
What type of pellets are used in his device?
What is used to accelerate the tungsten pellets?
How much time will pass before I can give it to the world?
What did Tesla's treatise concern?
Where is the treatise currently located?
Where is the Nikola Tesla Museum located?
How many volts of volts are charged by the method of charging particles?
What did Tesla say a superweapon would put an end to?
What did Tesla say he had tried to do during the negotiations?
Where was the blueprint for the teleforce weapon?
What did the thieves leave empty-handed?
How old was Tesla when he died?
When did Tesla die?
Who found Tesla's body?
What did Alice Monaghan ignore when she entered Tesla's room?
What was the cause of death?
What happened to Tesla's belongings two days later?
Who was called in to analyze the Tesla items in OAP custody?
What did Trump's report say was not a hazard in unfriendly hands?
Where was Tesla's entire estate transported?
Who read a eulogy on January 10, 1943?
Who wrote the eulogy?
On what date was Tesla's state funeral held?
How many people attended Tesla's funeral?
Where was Tesla's funeral held?
Where was Tesla's entire estate shipped in 1952?
Who pressured Tesla's nephew to ship his entire estate to Belgrade?
Who transported Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade?
Where was Tesla's entire estate shipped in 1952?
Where are the ashes of Nikola Tesla displayed?
How many patents did Tesla get?
How many countries have Tesla's patents been accounted for?
Along with the United States, Britain, and Britain, in what country were many of Tesla's patents approved?
Where have some of Tesla's patents been found?
At what time of day did Tesla have dinner?
How long did Tesla work every day?
At what time of day would Tesla often stop working?
Who was the only one to serve Tesla?
How often did Tesla walk?
Why did Tesla walk?
What did he do one hundred times for each foot every night?
What did he say the squishing of his toes stimulated?
What did Tesla say he did not believe in?
What was Arthur Brisbane's job?
How many fundamental laws did Tesla believe he could reduce them to?
What animal did Tesla feed at the park?
How much did Tesla spend to fix her broken wing and leg?
What did Tesla fix?
Where did Tesla feed the pigeons?
Where did Tesla bring injured pigeons?
How much did Tesla weigh?
How tall was Tesla?
During what years did Tesla have almost no weight variance?
Where did Tesla live?
How many languages did Tesla speak?
Along with blinding flashes of light, what did he often see in his eyes?
What is the technique that Tesla used to visualize an invention before moving to the construction stage?
What would appear before his eyes?
What did Tesla supposedly have?
How long did Tesla sometimes spend at a gaming table?
How long did Tesla work for at his laboratory?
Where was Tesla's second year of study?
Who confirmed that Tesla rarely slept?
What was Swezey's profession?
What did Tesla say was very helpful to his scientific abilities?
Who was vying for Tesla's affection?
When did Tesla tell a reporter that he felt he made too much of a sacrifice by not marrying?
Who wrote that Prince Albert's genial smile and nobility of bearing always denoted his gentlemanly characteristics?
Who described him as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force"?
What was Tesla prone to do with his work?
What was Tesla's personality type?
What was Julian Hawthorne's relationship to Tesla?
Who did Tesla become a close friend of in middle age?
Where did Tesla and Twain spend a lot of time together?
When did Tesla befriend George Sylvester Viereck?
Who did Tesla express disgust for?
Who did Tesla fire because of her weight?
Why did Tesla fire his secretary?
What did Tesla tell a subordinate to do with her dress?
What did Tesla believe there was no such thing as creating an electric charge?
What did he believe transmitted electrical energy?
What did he believe an all pervasive ether did?
In what century was the concept of an all pervasive "ether"?
What theory of relativity did Von Neumann criticize?
How did Tesla feel about theories about the conversion of matter into energy?
What theory of Einstein's did Popper criticize?
What did Tesla claim to have completed in 1937?
When did Tesla start working on his own physical principle?
What type of space did Tesla claim his theory of gravity would describe?
How old was Tesla in 1937?
Tesla was a proponent of what type of breeding?
What type of nature did Popper believe humans' "pity" interfered with?
What did Popper believe humans' behavior interfered with the natural workings of nature?
In what year did Popper give an interview?
Who did Tesla say needed to fight for gender equality?
In what year did Tesla say that humanity would be run by "Queen Bees"?
What did Tesla say humanity's future would be run by?
What environment did Tesla make predictions about?
What did Tesla say were the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War?
When did Tesla publish his article?
What did Tesla believe was not a remedy for the times and issues?
What religion was Tesla raised?
What did Avicenna oppose?
What religions did Avicenna have a profound respect for?
What was the title of Tesla's 1937 article?
What are Trump's religious views?
What did Tesla say he wanted to end?
What did Tesla write for magazines and journals?
Where did Tesla write his books and articles?
Who wrote My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla?
Where are many of Tesla's writings freely available?
When was the article "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy" published?
What is the name of the book that Tesla published in which contains the article "Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency"?
The impact of the technologies invented by Tesla is a recurring theme in what type of literature?
Where has Tesla's legacy endured?
How many types of science fiction feature the impact of Tesla's technologies?
What magazine put Tesla on its cover in 1931?
On what date did Time magazine put Tesla on its cover?
What did the cover caption "All the world's his power house" note his contribution to?
Who was one of the pioneers of science and engineering?
How many pioneers of science and engineering sent him congratulatory letters?
What is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to what?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying what?
When is a problem regarded as inherently difficult?
What does the theory introduce to study the problems?
What are two examples of resources needed to solve a problem?
What is used in circuit complexity?
What is one of the roles of computational complexity theory?
What are two closely related fields in theoretical computer science?
Along with computability theory, what is a related field to theoretical computer science?
What is a key distinction between analysis of algorithms and what?
Along with analysis of algorithms, what is a related field to theoretical computer science?
What is the input string for a computational problem referred to as?
The input string for a computational problem should not be confused with what?
What type of utterance can serve as the input for a decision problem?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of what?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with what for every instance?
What is the minimum amount of kilometres a traveling salesman problem needs?
What is an example of a problem for which a quantitative answer is of little use for solving?
What does complexity theory address?
A string over an alphabet is called what?
What is the alphabet usually taken to be?
What are the strings in the binary alphabet called?
In what notation can integers be represented?
How can graphs be encoded directly?
What is one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
A decision problem can have an answer that is alternately what?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the input?
What is associated with the decision problem?
What does one have to decide to obtain a precise definition of the formal language associated with the decision problem?
What is a function problem?
What is expected for every input?
What is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input?
Along with the traveling salesman problem, what is a notable example of a problem?
How is the output of a function problem different than a decision problem?
The notion of function problems is much richer than the notion of what?
What can the multiplication of two integers be expressed as?
What is one way to measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem?
What determines the running time?
How is the time required to solve a problem calculated?
What is the size of the input in?
Complexity theory is interested in how algorithms scale with what?
What says that a problem can be solved with a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm?
What can be expressed as a function of n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
If T(n) is a polynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be what?
What is a mathematical model of a general computing machine?
What can a problem be solved by?
What is the most commonly used model in complexity theory?
What is contained on a strip of tape?
What is the most basic Turing machine?
What does a deterministic Turing machine use to determine its future actions?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits?
What is a Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism?
What are algorithms that use random bits called?
Many types of Turing machines are used to define what?
When resources are bounded, what may be more powerful than others?
What are some complexity classes?
What is an example of a machine model that is different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines?
What can be converted to another model without providing any extra what?
What may vary in the consumption of alternate models?
What do all models have in common?
What type of Turing machine is a computational model that is allowed to branch out to check many different possibilities at once?
Some computational problems are easier to analyze in terms of what?
What does the branching of the Turing machine capture?
What is a very important resource in analyzing computational problems?
What is the total number of steps in a deterministic Turing machine?
What is one way that complexity theory classifies problems?
What is the set of problems solvable within time on a deterministic Turing machine denoted by?
Along with space, what does the deterministic Turing machine use to solve a problem?
Time and space are the most well-known of what?
A complexity measure can be viewed as what?
Complexity measures are generally defined by what?
What is defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What is defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What are the three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different inputs of the same size?
What is another way of measuring time complexity?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring what type of complexity?
The best, worst, and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different what?
What is an example of a sorting algorithm?
What is when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order?
What does the algorithm take time for when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order?
What is the minimum amount of time required for solving a given problem?
What is the field under which analyzing a particular algorithm falls under?
What is the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem?
What does T(n) show on the time complexity of a problem?
What do lower bounds make a statement about?
What hides constant factors and smaller terms?
What does the big O notation hide?
What would one write in big O notation?
What makes the bounds independent of the specific details of?
What classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework?
Some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into what?
What do some complexity classes have that do not fit into this framework?
What do complexity classes depend on?
In what type of time can a language be solved on a multi-tape Turing machine?
In what model does quadratic time require?
What states that "the time complexities in any two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related"?
What is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time?
Many important complexity classes can be defined by bounding what?
What defines the time or space used by the algorithm?
What can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm?
What are the other important complexity classes?
AC and NC are defined using what type of circuits?
What type of Turing machines are BQP and QMA defined using?
What is an important complexity class of counting problems?
What kind of proof systems are IP and AM defined using?
What does relaxing the requirements on lead to a bigger set of problems?
Where is DTIME(n) contained?
What are the theorems called?
What do hierarchy theorems induce?
What type of statements can we make about how much more time or space is needed in order to increase the number of problems that can be solved?
What form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes?
Where is P strictly contained?
Where is L strictly contained?
What concept is used to define many complexity classes?
A reduction is a transformation of one problem into what?
What does X do to Y?
Along with Cook reductions, what are two other types of reductions?
What is polynomial-time and log-space reductions?
What is the most commonly used reduction?
What can the problem of squaring an integer be reduced to?
What does the reduction process take?
What can be given the same to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm?
What is an example of an algorithm that can be given the same input to both inputs?
What determines the notion of hard problems?
When is a problem X hard for a class of problems C?
An algorithm for X allows us to do what?
A set of problems that are hard for NP is the set of what type of problems?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems?
What does reducing a known NP-complete problem to another problem indicate for Π1?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems?
What is the complexity class?
What is the name of the hypothesis called?
What is the complexity class that contains many problems that people would like to solve efficiently, but for which no efficient algorithm is known?
What is an example of a problem for which no efficient algorithm is known?
What are special non-deterministic Turing machines?
If the answer is yes, many important problems can be shown to have what?
What is an example of a problem in biology?
What is the prize for resolving the problem?
Who showed that if P ≠ NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete?
What are problems called?
What is an example of an NP-intermediate problem?
What is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
What is another name for P?
What collapses to its second level if graph isomorphism is NP-complete?
Where does the polynomial time hierarchy collapse to?
Who created the best algorithm for the problem?
What is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer?
The problem of deciding whether the input has a factor less than what is called a decision problem?
What does the RSA algorithm form the basis of?
What is the best known algorithm for integer factorization?
What has not been proved about many known complexity classes?
What is possible that P = PSPACE?
What are RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, PH, and PH?
What would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory?
What is the class containing the complement problems of NP problems?
What happens to the yes/no answers in a complement problem?
Is NP equal to co-NP?
What happens if the two complexity classes are not equal?
What is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
What is not known if L is what?
What classes are there between NL and NC?
What are two complexity classes between P and L?
What is not known about NL and NC?
What are problems that take too long for their solutions to be useful called?
What might be unusable in practice?
What are also intractable in this sense?
What is the name of the decision problem that has been shown not to be in P?
What has been done to solve the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic?
Algorithms can solve what over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time?
How long can algorithms solve the NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes?
SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of what problem?
What did researchers do before the actual research on algorithmic problems?
Who created the definition of Turing machines?
What did Alan Turing define in 1936?
When was Alan Turing's definition of Turing machines created?
What did Alan Turing's definition of Turing machines simplify?
What is the name of the seminal paper that started the beginning of systematic studies in computational complexity?
Who wrote the seminal paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
What did the paper lay out the definitions of?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
Who wrote the paper about Turing machines with bounded resources?
When was Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets published?
Who wrote a paper on real-time computations in 1962?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems assume some concrete choice of what?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems regularly assume a concrete choice of what?
Who developed an axiomatic complexity theory in 1967?
What did Manuel Blum prove in 1967?
What was the name of Karp's 1972 paper?
How many diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems did Karp show were NP-complete?
What is the name of the course of study that a teacher provides?
What is the science of teaching?
In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualifications from what?
What can a teacher use to facilitate student learning?
Along with other places of formal education, where is the role of teacher often carried out?
A teacher's role may vary among what?
Along with literacy and vocational training, what is an example of a subject that a teacher can teach?
Along with literacy and numeracy, what vocational training can a teacher provide?
Along with literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship and vocational training, what type of education can a teacher provide?
What is an example of an informal teacher?
In some countries, formal education can take place through what?
What type of education can take place through home schooling?
What type of role can a teacher occupy?
What can a person in the wider community provide to informal learning?
Along with religious, what type of teacher is a gurus?
What type of texts can gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas teach?
What religious texts can religious and spiritual teachers teach?
What are gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors and lamas?
What is teaching within the family called?
Who may carry out formal teaching?
What is another name for a CPA?
Along with homeschooling and informal teaching, where can a child teach?
Who may carry out formal teaching?
Outside of the classroom, what else can a teacher help with?
What type of activities can teachers serve as supervisors for?
Outside of the classroom, what else can a teacher supervise?
Who may accompany students on field trips?
What do many governments operate around the world?
Why are teacher's colleges established?
Who does a teacher's college protect?
What profession is there a variety of bodies designed to preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of?
What do teacher's colleges enforce?
Who do teacher's colleges investigate complaints involving?
What do teacher's colleges conduct hearings into?
What is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
What is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
What is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
In what environment can a teacher help a student learn?
A teacher who teaches on an individual basis may be described as what?
Along with a school, in what type of institution can a teacher help a student learn?
What do teachers do in education?
Along with a formal approach to learning, what type of approach is used to teach?
What are different ways to teach often referred to as?
What do teachers often accompany students on?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
Along with a course of study or lesson plan, what is a practical objective?
A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by what?
What type of disabilities may a teacher interact with?
What is the youngest age a teacher may interact with?
What type of curricula can a teacher follow?
Teaching using pedagogy also involves assessing the educational levels of the students on what?
What did an experienced teacher and parent say the real bulk of learning takes place in?
What does a teacher do to the timid?
What does a teacher do to the cocky?
Who is responsible for getting rookies off the bench?
What is the most significant difference between primary and secondary school?
What does a primary school teacher teach?
In secondary schools, who are students taught by?
What is the most significant difference between secondary school and what?
Along with being a form tutor, specialist teacher and a parent, what is a parent in primary school?
What type of approaches do exist for primary education?
What is another name for a group of students grouped together in one class?
What do students still derive a strong sense of security by?
How does a teacher who specializes in one subject tend to be?
Where is this true throughout most of the country?
What has become a new trend amongst educational institutions?
How many teachers are involved in co-teaching?
What does co-teaching focus on?
How do two or more teachers work in a classroom?
What does co-teaching provide to a student?
What was the most common form of school discipline?
A teacher was expected to act as what while a child was in school?
What was open to a substitute parent while a child was in school?
Was corporal punishment the most or least common form of school discipline?
When was a teacher expected to act as a substitute parent?
How common was corporal punishment in the past?
What countries have now banned paddling?
In what country is paddling still lawful?
Who held that paddling did not violate the US Constitution?
What did corporal punishment cause?
How many US states have banned corporal punishment?
In what part of the US are most states that have not banned corporal punishment?
Is it still used to a significant degree in some public schools?
What is used to administer corporal punishment in American schools?
Where is the punishment usually given?
What is an example of an official corporal punishment?
Where is corporal punishment still common in schools?
What are the details of individual countries?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools?
Where is detention one of the most common punishments?
How do students sit during detention?
Along with sitting in a classroom and doing work, what can a student write during detention?
What type of teacher is a modern example of school discipline in North America?
What is positive reinforcement balanced with?
What defines what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior?
What is seen as falling outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline?
What are teachers expected to do to their students?
Who advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline?
What is an example of a country that combines strict discipline with high standards of education?
What do some teachers and parents claim many problems with modern schooling stem from?
What type of discipline do some teachers and parents advocate?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
What is the typical class size in a school?
What can maintaining order in the classroom divert a teacher from?
What type of students may teachers concentrate their attention on?
What do teachers ignore?
What type of students may teachers concentrate their attention on?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools claim can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
Along with schools, who do the Sudbury model democratic schools claim can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
What is the school atmosphere?
How do they claim the preservation of public order is in schools?
What do the proponents of democratic schools argue that a school should have?
What characteristic of a teacher can affect a positive learning experience?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition transfer to receptive students?
What do these teachers not do?
Do students who had an enthusiastic teacher rate them higher or lower than teachers who didn't?
What has been found to have a correlation with students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom?
What did students with a very enthusiastic teacher do outside of the classroom?
What has been shown to result in higher levels of intrinsic motivation in college students?
What type of studies have shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation?
Do nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in higher or lower levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
Enthusiastic teachers may lead to students becoming more what in their own learning process?
What may facilitate higher levels of intrinsic motivation?
What concept may also apply?
What may contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm?
What does research show that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to?
What type of relations do enthusiastic teachers create with their students?
What does academic success include?
What must a teacher guide his student in?
What are closely linked to student-teacher relationships?
What type of teachers are likely to build stronger relations with students?
What type of teachers are likely to build stronger relations with students?
What do teachers that spend more time doing are perceived as supportive and effective?
How are teachers that spend more time interacting with students perceived as supportive and what?
Along with enthusiasm about teaching, what is the third most important aspect of teacher enthusiasm?
What must a teacher be about their subject matter?
A spark in the teacher may create a spark of excitement in what other person?
An enthusiastic teacher has the ability to be what in the young students life?
What is the way a teacher promotes the course they are doing?
What type of misconduct has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts?
What percentage of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country did the American Association of University Women report that 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention?
When did 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention?
What organization reported that 9.6% of students in the US claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country did a study show a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional?
What professions had a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse?
How many people were included in the British study?
What study posed questions about fourteen types of sexual harassment?
In what country has Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct?
What has Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau caused?
What has led to several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession?
Who is the general secretary of the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers?
What groups have been outraged by this decision?
What has the shortage of male teachers led to in some jurisdictions?
What did Keates say teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on?
What is an occupational hazard that can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health?
What can cause a heavy workload?
What are teachers at high risk for?
What is an occupational hazard that can negatively impact a teacher's mental and physical health?
What is an occupational hazard that can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health?
What percentage of UK teachers experienced occupational stress in 2000?
In what country did a 2000 study find that 42% of teachers experienced occupational stress?
How much more than the average profession did the 2000 study find?
In what year did a study find that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers?
A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than who?
How many ways are there to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
What can be effective in reducing occupational stress among teachers?
What is used to relieve occupational stress among teachers?
What can organizational interventions help to reduce?
What can be effective in reducing occupational stress among teachers?
Where are teachers educated in most countries?
What do governments require of a teacher before allowing them to teach in a school?
What is earned after high school?
What do many educational institutions require prospective teachers to pass in order to be able to teach?
In what country do many educational institutions require prospective teachers to pass a background check?
Who is responsible for education in Australia?
How many tiers of education does Australia follow?
What is the third tier of education in Australia?
What are tertiary education in Australia?
What is the first level of education in Australia?
What does teaching in Canada require?
What is required to become a qualified teacher?
Who funds a private school?
What type of people are teachers in Germany?
What are special university classes called in Germany?
What is another name for elementary school?
What do teachers' salaries depend on?
What is the name of the higher level secondary school?
What is also given for teaching through the Irish language?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher?
What is the basic pay for a teacher with 25 years of service?
How much could a principal of a large school earn?
Who are teachers required to be registered with?
What section of the Teaching Council Act 2001 states that a person employed in any capacity in a recognised teaching post may not be paid from Oireachtas funds?
When was Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act passed?
Under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001, a person employed in any capacity in a recognised teaching post may not be paid from what?
When was Garda vetting introduced?
Who has Garda vetting been introduced for?
How will existing staff be vetted?
Who cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role?
What was the average salary for a nursery, primary and secondary school teacher in 2007?
What can cause a teacher's salary to go much higher?
What is the annual salary of a preschool teacher?
What must a state teacher have in order to work in a state school?
In what month and year did teachers in Southampton receive a salary range of £20,133 to £41,004?
What do many counties offer to attract people into teaching?
What are some of the reasons counties offer alternative licensing programs?
What will happen by geographic area and subject taught?
What is expected as retirements outweigh slowing enrollment growth?
What type of teachers are most likely to retire?
Who must a teacher in Scotland register with?
What does the GTCS stand for?
How many Scottish universities offer IETs?
What is given by the GTCS once successfully completed?
When is "Provisional Registration" raised to "Full Registration"?
When did the salary year for unpromoted teachers in Scotland begin?
How much did a Probationer in Scotland earn in 2008?
How much did unpromoted teachers earn after 6 years?
What could unpromoted teachers go on to earn up to £39,942 as they complete the modules?
Teachers in Scotland can be registered members of what?
Where in the United Kingdom does education differ in certain respects from education elsewhere?
In 2008/09, 22 per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used what language as the sole or main medium of instruction?
How long are lessons in the language compulsory for all pupils?
What percentage of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction in 2008/09?
Welsh medium education is available to whom?
What can teachers in Wales be registered members of?
Is the average age of teachers in Wales rising or falling?
When did attacks on Welsh teachers reach an all-time high?
What can teachers in Wales be registered members of?
What is the growing cause of attacks on teachers in Welsh schools?
Who determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools?
How long can a teacher's certificate last?
What is required of public school teachers?
What type of schools do not require teachers to be certified?
What is the name of the program that sets the standards for highly qualified teachers?
What have teachers been paid in the past?
What has improved rapidly in recent years?
What makes a teacher earn more than a standard bachelor's degree and certificate?
Who had the lowest median salary?
What is the name of the website where teachers sell their lesson plans?
How many forms of spiritual or religious teachers are there in Christianity?
What is the other non-Denominational type of Christianity?
Is a Confessor always a bishop?
What are the three major traditions of Christianity?
What is another name for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
Who may fill the role of spiritual teacher in the LDS Church?
What type of teacher does the LDS Church's teacher have little in common with?
Who does the LDS Church place a stronger emphasis on?
Who are Priesthood representatives expected to defer to when in his home?
In Hinduism, what is a spiritual teacher known as?
How high is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship in Hinduism?
Who do gurus often have control over?
In what part of the world is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship extremely high?
What are the teachers of Dharma in Tibet most commonly called?
A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to do what is called a Tulku?
A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, is called what?
How many times has a Lama consciously determined to be reborn?
How is a Lama determined to be reborn?
What is the name of the person who teaches the laws of Islam?
What is the name of the person who teaches the laws of Islam?
What is the more spiritual or mystical Islamic tradition?
What is exoteric?
What is the highest of the living saints in Sufism?
What was Martin Luther's nationality?
When did Martin Luther die?
What church did Luther come to reject?
What could be purchased with money?
What did the Pope do to Popper for his refusal to retract his writings?
How did Luther believe salvation is received?
What did Luther say is the only way to receive God's grace?
Who did Paul VI's theology challenge the authority of?
What did Paul VI believe was the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What did Paul VI consider all baptized Christians to be?
What text was translated into the vernacular?
What did the Tyndale Bible foster?
What was the name of the English translation of the German Bible?
What did his hymns influence?
What did his marriage to Katharina von Bora allow?
When was Martin Luther born?
Where was Martin Luther born?
What empire was Eisleben, Saxony a part of?
What religion was he baptized as?
What is a lawyer?
What university did Popper enter in 1501?
What was the University of Erfurt described as?
At what time was he made to wake every morning?
What type of learning did he have every day?
When did he receive his master's degree?
What type of school did Luther enroll in?
What did Luther believe that law represented?
What subjects did Luther turn to to seek assurances about life?
How did Popper test everything himself?
What did Luther consider to be more important than philosophy?
What did he tell his father he was terrified of?
On what date did Popper return to university on horseback?
Where did Popper go after leaving law school?
What was Luther's sadness over?
What did his father see as a waste of?
What order did Luther devote himself to?
What did Luther describe the period of his life as?
What did he say he made of Christ?
Who was Luther's superior?
What did he believe true repentance involves?
When was Luther ordained to the priesthood?
Who was the first dean of the University of Wittenberg?
In what year was Luther sent to teach at the University of Wittenberg?
When did he receive his bachelor's degree?
In what work did he receive a bachelor's degree in 1509?
When was he awarded his Doctor of Theology?
When was he received into the senate of the theological faculty?
What position did he receive in the University of Wittenberg?
Where was he received into the senate of the theological faculty?
What title did he receive on 19 October 1512?
When was Johann Tetzel sent to Germany?
What was Johann Tetzel selling indulgences to raise money for?
What church sent Johann Tetzel to Germany?
What does the Roman Catholic church believe justification depends on?
What does the Roman Catholic church believe justification depends on?
When did Luther write to his bishop protesting the sale of indulgences?
Who was the bishop of Mainz?
What is the name of Martin Luther's "Disputation ofMartin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences"?
Who wrote that Luther had no intention of confronting the church?
What is the name of the thesis that asks why the pope built the basilica of St. Peter with the money of poor believers?
Who said that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
As soon as what rings, the soul from purgatory springs?
Who objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
Who said that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
Who was responsible for granting forgiveness?
What did he believe indulgences granted those who claimed they absolved buyers from all punishments?
What did he claim indulgences absolved buyers from?
What should Christians not slacken in following Christ on account of?
Who must not slacken in following on account of false assurances?
Who said that the Catholic teaching on indulgences was by no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching?
What was Tetzel known for?
What did Tetzel overstate the matter in regard to?
What did Tetzel believe was in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What has settled as one of the pillars of history?
What has settled as one of the pillars of history?
Who is the source of the story?
Where was Philipp Melanchthon?
According to scholars, the story of the posting on the door has what?
When did friends of Luther translate the 95 Theses into German?
What made the 95 Theses one of the first in history to be aided by?
Who translated the 95 Theses into German?
How long did it take for copies of theses to spread throughout Germany?
How long did it take for the theses to spread throughout Europe?
When did Luther's writings begin to reach France, England, and Italy?
Who came to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak?
During what part of Luther's career was he most creative and productive?
When were three of his best-known works published?
What is the name of the book about the freedom of a Christian?
What did Luther do on the Psalms?
What terms did he come to view in new ways?
What did he believe about the church?
What did he think the church had lost sight of?
What was the most important for Luther?
Luther came to understand justification as entirely the work of what?
In what year was On the Bondage of the Will published?
What did Luther consider faith to be?
Where did Popper explain his concept of justification?
What does the Bible say that the just person does?
What was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What was the railing against?
How many points did Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" become the foundation for the Reformation?
Who did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95?
To what city were the theses sent in December 1517?
What did Paul VI need to pay off for his tenure of more than one bishopric?
How much of the pie was to go to St Peter's Church in Rome?
When did he send the theses to Rome?
Who was used to reformers and heretics?
Who did Paul VI use against Luther?
When did Luther say he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church?
Why did Luther say he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church?
What did Cajetan originally want to do if Luther refused to recant?
When did Karl von Miltitz adopt a more conciliatory approach?
What did Luther promise to do if his opponents did?
Who was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum?
What scripture did Luther claim did not confer on popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture?
What did Eck call Luther?
When did the Pope warn Luther that he risked excommunication unless he recanted 41 sentences drawn from his writings?
What did Luther have to do in order to avoid excommunication?
How long did the Pope say Luther had to retract the 95 Theses?
Who was the papal nuncio?
When was Luther excommunicated?
Who enforced the ban on the 95 Theses?
When did Luther appear before the Diet of Worms?
What was the general assembly of?
Who was the leader of the Holy Roman Empire in 1521?
Who was the Elector of Saxony?
Who presented Luther with copies of his writings?
Who was Johann Eck?
What did he do with the contents of his books?
When is the next day?
What did Luther say he was the author of the works?
What did Luther do at the end of his speech?
What did Luther do at the end of his speech?
Who considers Luther's speech as a "world classic of epoch-making oratory"?
What does Mullett consider the speech to be?
What did Luther refuse to do?
Who refused to recant his writings?
Were the words inserted before "May God help me" recorded in witness accounts of the speech?
What type of words did Mullett believe Luther would tend to select?
What was held to determine Luther's fate?
When was the final draft of the Edict of Worms presented?
Who presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms?
What did the Edict of Worms require?
What could anyone do without legal consequence?
What was planned during his return trip back to Wittenberg?
Where was Luther escorted to?
What did Luther call Wartburg?
What did Luther translate from Greek to German?
What did Archbishop Albrecht do to stop the sale of indulgences?
According to Popper, every good work designed to attract God's favor is what?
How can God's grace be earned?
When did Luther write to Melanchthon?
What did Luther say to Melanchthon to make his sins stronger?
What is not a place where in this life?
When did Luther widen his target to doctrines at the heart of Church practices?
How did Paul VI feel about the idea that the mass is a sacrifice?
What did Paul VI believe the mass to be?
What did Paul VI encourage?
What did he assure monks and nuns that they could do without sin?
What did Luther place the foundations of the Reformation on?
In what year did Luther deal with prophecy?
Where was the Little Horn prophecy found?
What was the name of the prophecy in Daniel 8:9-12, 23-25?
What was identified as the power of the Papacy?
Who supported Karlstadt?
When did Karlstadt begin his reforms?
What did the reforms cause?
What was the name of the group that arrived in Wittenberg after Christmas?
Who asked Luther to return?
When did Luther return to Wittenberg?
What did he say he could only repair the ravages of Satan by?
How many sermons did Luther preach during Lent?
What were Luther's eight sermons called?
What did he remind the citizens to do rather than violence to bring about necessary change?
What was the effect of Luther's intervention?
Who wrote to the elector after the sixth sermon?
When did Jerome Schurf write to the elector?
What has Dr. Martin's return spread among us?
What type of people are his words bringing back every day?
What did he work with the authorities to restore?
What type of force did Avicenna become during the Reformation?
Who did he banish?
What did the radical reformers do to the new order?
What group did he face a battle against?
What was Nicholas Storch's profession?
What war did Nicholas Storch and Thomas Müntzer start?
When was the German Peasants' War?
What would the upper classes do?
Luther's pamphlets against the Church and the hierarchy led peasants to believe he would support an attack on what class?
Who did Luther remind the aggrieved to obey?
Where did he become enraged at the widespread burning of convents?
What did he call the rebels?
What did he call the violence?
Who did he call for to put down the rebels?
How many grounds did Luther give for his opposition to the rebels?
What were the Christians doing in choosing violence over lawful submission to secular government?
According to St. Paul, all authorities are appointed by whom?
What is the name of the doctrine that the reference from the Bible forms the foundation for?
How did the peasants deserve death?
What did Luther provide that caused many rebels to lay down their weapons?
Who defeated the Reformation at the Battle of Frankenhausen?
When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?
What brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close?
Luther's Reformation flourished under the wing of who?
Who did Martin Luther marry?
How did Martin Luther smuggle the nuns out of the convent?
How old was Katharina when she married Luther?
How old was Luther at the time of his marriage?
When did Martin Luther marry Katharina von Bora?
When was the couple engaged?
On what day was the couple married?
Along with the ceremonial walk to the church, what was left out of the wedding?
When was the wedding banquet and walk to the church made up?
Who was engaged to the couple on June 13, 1525?
What did Luther's wedding set on clerical marriage?
What did Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on?
Why did he condemn vows of celibacy?
What is it called when a heretic dies?
What did Melanchthon call his decision to marry?
What was the name of the former monastery that Luther and his wife moved into?
Where did Luther and his wife move to?
How many children did Luther and his wife have?
What did Luther say he would not exchange his poverty for?
What did Katharina help the couple earn a living by doing?
What Biblical ideal of congregations' had proved unworkable?
What did he establish from 1525 to 1529?
What type of worship service did he lay down?
How many catechisms did he write?
What type of thought is Luther's?
What did Luther avoid?
In what Electorate did he focus on the church?
What role did he act as to churches in new territories?
Who was the new elector?
What type of government did Martin Brecht think the partnership was the beginning of?
When was Luther's German Mass published?
What did he not intend his work to replace?
What did he want to offer as an alternative to the Latin Mass?
What did Luther omit from the Catholic service?
What did the optional use of the Mass vestments allow?
When did the visitation of Saxony begin?
During what event did Luther introduce the new order of worship?
Along with pastoral care, what type of education was assessed in the territory?
What did Luther say the common people had nothing at all of?
What did Luther think many pastors were?
What did Luther create to impart the basics of Christianity to congregations?
When was the Large Catechism written?
Who was the Large Catechism written for?
Who was the Small Catechism meant to be memorized by?
What did Luther add to the catechism?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
What did Avicenna say he would rather see devoured than collected?
Along with the Bondage of the Will, what is the only book that is considered to be a work of mine?
What has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching?
Along with Luther's hymns, what text is still in use today?
What did Luther's Catechism help parents teach their children?
What was effective for pastors?
What language did the Apostles use to express the Apostles' Creed?
How did Luther depict the Trinity?
Where does salvation start?
When was Luther's German translation of the New Testament published?
When was the whole Bible published?
What part of the Old Testament did Luther finish in 1534?
What word did Paul add to Romans 3:28?
What must someone who speaks plainly and clearly about the cutting away of works have to say?
Where was the variant of German spoken that Luther used?
Luther's translation was intelligible to both what type of Germans?
Who did he want to make the Bible accessible to?
What was the purpose of removing impediments and difficulties in the Bible to make it easier to read?
What did he want to remove from the Bible to make it easier to read?
What was there a rising demand for?
What did Luther's version of the Bible become popular and influential for?
What did it make a significant contribution to?
Who created woodcuts for Luther's work?
Who translated the Luther Bible into English?
What was Luther a prolific hymn-writer?
What did Luther connect to?
What was his tool of choice in connection with worship, school, home, and the public arena?
What instrument did he often accompany the sung hymns with?
What became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century?
Luther's hymns were frequently evoked by what?
Why were Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes martyred?
What hymn did Luther write?
Who wrote the hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an"?
What is the title of the hymn that Luther wrote?
When was Luther's hymn "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" written?
What document did Luther write a three-part explanation of in 1529?
Where was Luther's 1529 explanation of the Apostles' Creed found?
What type of hymn was Luther's hymn adapted from?
Why do 20th-century Lutherans rarely use the hymn?
When was Luther's hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer published?
Where was Luther's version of the Lord's Prayer found?
What did the hymn serve as a means of examining candidates on?
How many revisions does the extant manuscript show?
Other 16th- and 20th-century versifications of the Lord's Prayer have adopted what?
When did Luther write "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir"?
What Psalm did Luther write "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir"?
What did Luther want to encourage evangelical colleagues to do?
What was the first Lutheran hymnal called?
What did the expanded version of "Aus tiefer Not" express?
What hymn became the main hymn for Advent?
What is the source of "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" based on?
What did "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" become?
How many hymns did he write on the Ten Commandments?
What was the name of the song that became known as the German Te Deum?
Luther's hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" reflects the structure and substance of his questions and answers concerning what topic in the Small Catechism?
What was the name of the tune that Luther adopted?
What is Psalm 67?
Which composer used the rich hymn as a subject for his own work?
Where was the Lutheran Reformation held?
Where were Luther's hymns included?
How many songs of the First Lutheran hymnal did he supply?
How many songs of the Erfurt Enchiridion did he supply?
How many of the 32 songs in the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter, Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn were published in 1524?
What was the name of the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter?
Who included several verses as chorales in his cantatas?
What type of cantatas did Johann Sebastian Bach base the Christ lag in Todes Banden on?
When did Bach begin to include chorales in his cantatas?
When was Bach's second annual cycle?
In what year did Bach write Wär Gott nicht with uns?
What did Luther believe a Christian's soul does after it is separated from the body in death?
What did Luther reject for the saints?
What did Luther say the saints do in the prepared bedchamber?
What did he think of Purgatory?
What was the name of the article that described the saints as currently residing "in their graves and in heaven"?
Who observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians?
Along with Luther, who was a later Lutheran theologian?
Which Lutheran theologian reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy?
When was Lessing's work published?
What contains a passage that concludes that the soul does not sleep but wakes up and experiences visions?
Who argued that John Jortin misread this and other passages from Luther?
When did Francis Blackburne argue that John Jortin misread Luther's work?
Who pointed out in 1867 that it actually refers to the soul of a man "in this life"?
What interrupts a man's sleep?
When was the Marburg Colloquy held?
What was Philip I's title?
What did Philip I want to establish in the emerging Protestant states?
How many points was agreement achieved on?
What was the exception to the fourteen points of agreement?
What did the theologians disagree on the significance of at the Last Supper?
What did Luther believe was present in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther call the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther's opponents believe God to be?
According to transcripts, the debate sometimes became what?
When was the Augsburg Confession signed?
What paved the way for the signing of the Augsburg Confession?
What league was formed in 1530 by leading Protestant nobles?
Who did not sign these agreements?
Along with John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and Philip, who was a leading Protestant nobles?
What did some scholars claim that Luther thought that faith and reason were?
What did Luther believe that faith and what could not be illuminated by?
Does reason contribute to faith?
What did Luther believe that faith and what could not be illuminated by?
What is Luther's concern in separating the two groups?
What did Luther say in 1523?
What did Luther lose hope in?
Who did Luther say Jesus Christ was born a Jew?
Along with Zwinglianism and the papacy, what group did Luther write against?
When was Von den Juden and ihren Lügen written?
How did Luther view the Turks?
Why did Luther see the Turks as a scourge?
What did Luther believe would happen to the papacy and the Roman Church?
Who did Luther believe was the antichrist?
What type of war did On War against the Turk advocate?
What text did Luther read in 1542?
What did Avicenna produce?
What religion did Avicenna call "Mohammedanism"?
What did Luther see the Muslim faith as?
What did Ahmad want the Qur'an to be?
What did Johannes Agricola claim that God's gospel revealed?
Who preached a sermon that claimed that God's gospel, not God's moral law, revealed God's wrath to Christians?
Who did the theses say the law belonged to?
What was the first series of Luther's theses?
What was the name of the book written in 1539?
What is the term for the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart?
What did Luther say the law was the Holy Spirit's tool to do in a man's heart?
What does Luther say is called the law?
What does refusing to preach the Ten Commandments not do?
What does it mean to claim that the church consists of?
What did Luther think the Ten Commandments positively teach?
What does Luther say positively teaches how a Christian ought to live?
What is another name for the third use of the law?
What did Luther consider Christ's life to be?
What does Luther say positively teaches how a Christian ought to live?
What is the sacrament of the Ten Commandments?
What are the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism?
What did Luther want the Christian to do in the common, daily vocations of this perishing world?
Why did Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse bigamy?
What was Philip I implicated in?
Who did Philip I want to marry?
What did Martin Brecht think history held Luther accountable for?
What did the affair cause to Luther's reputation?
What did the local community that Luther lived in have done to the Jews?
Who did Luther write about throughout his career?
What did Luther believe Jews were guilty of?
What did the Jews reject?
What did Luther want to do with the Jews?
What was the name of Luther's treatise on the Jews?
When were his two works published?
How many years before his death were his two works published?
What did Luther call the Jews?
What did Robert Michael consider Luther's words "We are at fault in not slaying them"?
Who did Luther speak out against?
Who did Josel of Rosheim blame for the plight of the Jews of Saxony?
What did Martin Luther say that anyone who helped the Jews was?
What did Josel ask the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of?
When did riots lead to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What contributed to the development of antisemitism in Germany?
What did Hitler's anti-Jewish rhetoric provide an "ideal underpinning" for?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What did Der Stürmer describe On the Jews and their Lies as?
When did seven Protestant regional church confederations issue a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge?
Who suggested preventive measures against the Jews?
Who argued that Luther's writing was a "blueprint"?
Who published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht?
What was Hitler's reputation?
What do some scholars see the Nazis' use of Luther's work as?
What caused Luther to become one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism?
What did Luther's anti-Semitism provide material for?
When were Luther's writings against the Jews largely ignored?
What was his position on race?
What added a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism?
Who wrote that Luther is credited with "Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism"?
What did Paul Rose claim he caused to enter German thought and discourse?
Who used Luther's publications to justify their anti-Semitic policies?
What did German Lutheran clergy and theologians use to justify their anti-Semitic policies?
What could have caused Luther's antisemitic views?
During what period did Luther's antisemitic views develop?
What did Luther often deliberately use in his writings?
What are "Turks"?
What book did Mark U. Edwards write in 1983?
When did Lutheran Church denominations repudiate Martin Luther's statements against the Jews?
According to Strommen and others, were Lutherans more or less prejudiced toward Jews?
Who was the author of Hitler and Nazism?
During what years did Geary write an article on who voted for the Nazis?
What happened to his health from 1531 to 1546?
What scandal did Luther play a leading role in?
Along with arthritis, what health issues did he begin to suffer from in 1536?
Along with kidney and bladder stones, what health problems did he have in 1536?
What disease began to effect him in 1544?
What made him short-tempered and even harsher in his writings?
In what areas of his life did he become harsher?
How did his poor physical health affect his writing and comments?
Who was overheard saying "Dear husband, you are too rude"?
How many times did Luther preach in the Market Church in Halle?
Where was his place of birth?
When was his last sermon delivered?
Who was it a matter of great urgency to expel from all German territory?
Where was it a matter of great urgency to expel the obdurate Jews from?
What did Luther say he wanted to pray for the Muslims?
Where was Luther's final journey to?
What did Luther participate in when he went to Mansfeld?
When did Luther visit Mansfeld?
When was the third visit to Mansfeld?
Who did Luther travel to Mansfeld for?
When were the negotiations concluded?
After 8 a.m., what did he experience?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
What isPs. 31:5?
At what time of day does this take place?
What caused the loss of his speech?
When did he die?
On what date did he die?
Where was he buried?
Who were the friends who held his funeral?
What did Luther write on a piece of paper?
What language was the statement in?
What was the only Latin phrase that was not in Latin?
What type of size were Luther's printed images of him?
What type of saint was Luther compared to?
How was he shown to be compared to the secular German princes?
What type of life did Avicenna live?
When were printed images of Luther crucial to the spread of Protestantism?
On what date is Luther honored?
In what calendar is Luther commemorated on 18 February?
On what date is Saint Denis commemorated in the Church of England's Calendar of Saints?
Where is he commemorated on 31 October?
What happens on 18 February?
What is another name for Southern California?
How many counties make up Southern California?
What is Southern California a major for the state of California and the United States?
What are the eight counties of the Los Angeles region based on?
What is the 10-county definition based on?
What is one of the 11 megaregions of the United States?
How many megaregions are there in the US?
What state is the megaregion east of?
What border does the megaregion extend south across to Tijuana?
What city is south of the megaregion?
Along what coast does Southern California stretch?
How many metropolitan areas does Southern California have?
How many people live in the Los Angeles area?
Along with the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire, what major city is in Southern California?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What river is at the border with Arizona?
What desert is to the east of the Colorado River?
What desert is at the border with Nevada?
What border is to the south?
In what state are Los Angeles and San Diego located?
What is the population of Los Angeles?
Along with San Diego, what is the other major city in southern California?
Along with Los Angeles, what is the other major city in southern California?
In what direction in California are Los Angeles and San Diego located?
Along with Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, Riverside and Riverside, what is the fifth most populous county in California?
In what country are the counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside in the top 15 most populous?
What are the five most populous counties in California?
What is the number of most populous counties in the US?
What are the five most populous counties in California?
What is the name of the district within Los Angeles that is associated with the motion picture industry?
Where is the motion picture, television, and music industry centered?
What is the name of the company that owns ABC?
Along with motion picture, television, and film, what industry is centered in Los Angeles?
Along with Universal, MGM, Paramount and 20th Century Fox, what major studio is based in southern California?
Along with surf, what type of culture is home grown in Southern California?
What professional skateboarder lives in southern California?
What professional snowboarder lives in southern California?
What island is second to Southern California in terms of famous surf breaks?
What is the name of the ific yacht race?
What desert city is popular for its resort feel?
What do many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for?
What coast of California is popular for its beaches?
 Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby what?
What is the latitude of California's north-south midway point?
How many miles away from San Jose is California's north-south midway point?
How many southernmost counties are there in California?
Along with Point Conception, what mountain range is the northern boundary of southern California?
What is the name of the area of California that is divided into two?
What country ruled California prior to the present day?
What is the name of the region that Monterey and Los Angeles are in?
What is the name of the city in the upper part of Alta California?
What was the name of the agreement that allowed the division of Alta California?
What type of state was California admitted to the Union as?
Why did Californios want to separate from Northern California?
Where in southern California did pro-slavery southerners live?
How many times did Californios and pro-slavery southerners try to achieve statehood or territorial status in the 1850s?
What percentage of voters approved the Territory of Colorado?
Who was the strong advocate for the proposal?
What newspaper defined southern California in 1900?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times define southern California?
When was Imperial added to the Times list?
What county was added to the Times list in 1999?
How many counties did the Los Angeles Times define southern California in 1900?
What does the northern, central, and southern California regions consist of?
Along with the Automobile Club of Southern California, what is the other AAA Auto Club in California?
The two AAA Auto Clubs of the state divide the state into what type of region?
What is the geographical phrase South of the transverse range?
Along with the northern, central, and southern regions, what is the other region of California?
Where does it rank in terms of population in the United States?
What has been left undeveloped in Southern California?
What type of communities are in southern California?
Along with automobiles, what is Southern California famous for?
What type of region is San Diego-Tijuana?
What is the main gap to continued urbanization?
Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with what other area?
Who considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas as a separate metropolitan area?
Along with L.A., what county do many commute to?
When were most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties developed?
What type of climate does Southern California have?
What is the weather like in Southern California?
In the summer, what is the range of temperature in Southern California?
Is snow common in the Southwest of the state?
What is the average winter temperature in Southern California?
What ocean does the region of the pacific extend from?
What kind of collection of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes does Southern California have?
Along with geologic and natural ecosystem landscapes, what type of landscape does Southern California have?
Along with the Transverse, what is the other major mountain range in the region?
What is the interior of the region?
How many earthquakes does the southern California area have each year?
Nearly all of them are so what?
What was the magnitude of the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
What type of damage did the earthquake cause?
How much was the damage from the earthquake estimated to be?
What Fault can produce a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?
What is the magnitude of the San Andreas Fault?
What is the name of the other Fault besides the Elsinore Fault Zone?
Who released a California Earthquake forecast?
What does the USGS model in California?
Along with culturally, politically, and politically, what is one way that Southern California is divided?
What type of recognition does a city have in Southern California?
Along with culturally, politically, and politically, what is the other major division of Southern California?
In what year did the United States Census take place?
What is the reputation of southern California?
What was the state's average growth rate in the 2000s?
What type of economy is the Bay Area?
Along with the Bay Area, in what region of California is there an emerging region of growth?
What are the eight metropolitan areas in Southern California?
How many metropolitan areas exceed five million in population?
What is the population of the two extended metropolitan areas?
What does the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form?
What is the population of the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What is the largest city in California?
How many people live in San Diego?
How many cities in southern California have more than 200,000 residents?
What is the minimum population of a city in southern California?
Along with San Bernardino, what city is not close to the coast?
What does the vast majority of transport run on?
Along with tourism, what is Southern California famous for?
What was the region a leader in from 2001-2007?
What type of economy is Southern California?
How has the region been impacted by the housing crash?
Motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries since what decade?
What is the economic status of the agricultural region in the U.S.?
Along with cattle, what was a major industry in the region before it was turned into suburbs?
Along with citrus, what was a major industry in the U.S.?
What continues to be a major factor?
What type of district is Southern California home to?
What does CBD stand for?
Along with Downtown Riverside, Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Bernardino and Downtown Bakersfield, what is a central business district?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach are major districts of what?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach are within what area?
Where is Warner Center located?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale, and Downtown Long Beach are in what area?
What type of district is in Downtown San Bernardino?
Along with Downtown San Bernardino, in what city is the Hospitality Business/Financial Centre?
What is the name of the business district in Downtown San Bernardino?
What county is a rapidly developing business center?
Where are international corporations headquartered in Orange County?
Along with The Irvine Spectrum, what is another business center in Orange County?
Along with the Newport Center and Downtown Santa Ana, what is a major business center in Orange County?
How is Orange County's business center developing?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
Where are most of these districts located?
In what region of San Diego are some of these districts located?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
What is the second-busiest airport in the US by passenger volume?
What is the second busiest airport in the US by?
Where does Los Angeles International Airport rank by international passenger volume?
What is the busiest single runway airport in the world?
What is the world's busiest general aviation airport?
What is the name of the commuter rail system that connects Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties?
How many lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many of the seven lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
Along with San Bernardino, Riverside and Riverside, in what county does Metrolink connect?
What is the US's busiest commercial port?
Along with the Port of Los Angeles, what is the other major port in Southern California?
What part of California is home to the Port of Los Angeles?
What is the name of the region that has gained use as a descriptor for its diversified technology and industrial base?
What type of research does the Tech Coast have a lot of?
Along with public and private institutions, what type of institutions make up the Tech Coast?
How many University of California campuses are in California?
How many California State University campuses are there?
What league are the Los Angeles Rams and San Diego Chargers?
What league does the Los Angeles Lakers belong to?
What sport does the Dodgers belong to?
What is the name of the NHL team in Southern California?
What is the name of the Major League Soccer team in Southern California?
Along with the LA Galaxy, what was the other Major League Soccer team in Los Angeles?
How many Major League Soccer teams were in Los Angeles from 2005 to 2014?
When did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA stop playing at the StubHub Center?
Where did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA play?
When is the second MLS team scheduled to return?
What type of sports are popular in southern California?
What is the name of the UCLA team that has a rivalry with the USC Trojans?
What is the name of the other team in the Pac-12 Conference?
What conference are the UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans in?
In what division do the UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans field their football teams?
What is a growing sport in southern California?
At what level is rugby a growing sport in southern California?
What is rugby becoming in southern California?
What is the name of the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
What is the name of the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
In what year did BSkyB acquire Sky Italia?
What did British Sky Broadcasting Group change its name to?
What did the United Kingdom operations change their name to?
In what year was Setanta Sports awarded two Premier League packages?
How many Premier League packages did Setanta Sports receive in 2006?
What company's monopoly came to an end in the 2007-08 season?
How much did Sky pay for the remaining four channels?
What consortium was BSkyB excluded from being a part of?
What is the name of ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement?
How many BSkyB channels were available on this platform prior to October 2005?
What was the name of the third BSkyB channel before October 2005?
What was Sky Three re-branded as in 2011?
What did BSkyB initially charge additional subscription fees for using?
When did Sky launch a new TV advertising campaign targeting women?
How much can a non-BSkyB subscriber pay to enable Sky+ functions?
When did BSkyB discontinue the Sky+ Box?
What did BSkyB start to issue as standard?
What pay-TV scrambling system does BSkyB use?
Who owns the VideoGuard system?
What company does NDS belong to?
What company uses the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system?
What is the name of the PVR offering?
What channels did Virgin Media remove from their network on March 1, 2007?
In what year did BSkyB and Virgin Media become involved in a dispute over the carriage of Sky channels on cable TV?
What did Virgin Media claim BSkyB did to their channels?
Along with HD channels, what content was added to the deal by Virgin Media?
What did Virgin Media claim their new deal offered "substantially more value"?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
In what year did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
What did Microsoft announce on January 27, 2014?
What did Microsoft call SkyDrive Pro?
What does SkyDrive stand for?
Who was the chief executive officer of EIC in 1993?
On what channel were the four channels formerly available free-to-air?
When did BSkyB's analogue service close?
What platform replaced BSkyB's analogue service?
How many households did BSkyB reach by mid-1994?
What was the former name of Sky UK Limited?
What type of company is Sky UK Limited?
How many people in the UK had Netflix as of 2015?
What was the UK's most popular digital TV service in April 2007?
What is the name of the broadband router in the Sky Q range?
What do the Sky Q Mini set top boxes connect to?
What does this allow all set top boxes in a household to do?
In what year was Sky Q supposed to be available?
In what year was Sky Q supposed to be available?
What format are BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts in?
What type of soundtracks are included in Sky Movies and Sky Box Office?
What is Sky+ HD broadcast using?
What is the name of the proprietary system that Interactive services and 7 day EPG use?
What standard does most of the Sky+ HD material use?
When was Sky Digital launched?
What satellite did Sky Digital use when it was launched in 1998?
What was the name of the first satellite to be used by Sky Digital?
How many television and radio channels did Sky Digital have the potential to carry?
Where was the Astra 2A satellite located?
When did Sky+ HD launch?
How many people had registered to receive the HD service prior to its launch?
What manufacturer was BSkyB's STB manufactured by?
How many customers had yet to receive the service due to failed deliveries?
What was the total number of homes with Sky+HD in 2012?
When did BSkyB announce its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels?
When did Setanta Sports announce that it would launch?
What type of channels did BSkyB plan to replace its three free-to-air channels with?
What did NTL change their name to?
What is an example of a sport that BSkyB offers?
What is it called when a broadcast does not require a monthly subscription?
Some broadcasts do not require what?
What is the name of the receiver that needs to be used to view the encrypted content?
What band is the universal LNB?
What service is the VideoGuard UK equipped receiver dedicated to?
In what year were talks held for the broadcast rights for the Premier League?
Who were the current rights holders?
What was ITV's offer per year to keep the rights?
BSkyB joined with what other organization to make a counter bid?
How much did BSkyB pay for the Premier League rights?
From whom does BSkyB get their operating licence?
What is the range of the fees for access to BSkyB's EPG?
Does BSkyB have a veto over the presence of channels on their EPG?
Does BSkyB have any control over the channel's content or carriage issues?
Does BSkyB have any control over the channel's content or carriage issues?
When was BSkyB's digital service officially launched?
What was the name of BSkyB's digital service?
What is the new name of Open?
What was the original name of ITV Digital?
How many digiboxes were sold in the first 30 days?
When did Virgin Media re-brand?
What company re-branded in 2007 from NTL:Telewest?
What service did Virgin Media use to carry HD content?
What was the only linear HD channel Virgin Media carried until 2009?
What HD channel did Virgin Media have an option to carry?
How many homes did BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service reach in 2010?
How many people did the broadcaster claim to reach?
When was the target first announced?
What percentage of households did the broadcaster say it had reached?
What happened to subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe?
What did Shelbrooke propose to pay benefits and tax credits on?
What could a "Welfare Cash Card" be used to buy?
What was the claim that a subscription to BSkyB was?
What did the Daily Mail report that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants'?
What did the Daily Mail claim that a woman's subscription to sports channels would betray?
What is the annual carriage fee for the channels?
Is there an indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content that had previously been offered by BSkyB?
Along with BSkyB, what company agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other?
What was the previous provider of HD and Video On Demand and High Definition content?
What did BSkyB and Virgin Media agree to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of?
What type of economy is Victoria?
Where is Victoria's GSP ranked in Australia?
Where is Victoria ranked in terms of GSP per capita?
What is the "sporting capital of Australia"?
What is the largest stadium in Australia?
Where is the legacy of Chinese miners particularly strong?
Where were the Lambing Flat riots?
Where was there a riot in 1857?
How many miners died from typhoid in 1854?
What were the conditions on the gold fields?
What type of representation system was introduced in 2006?
How many electorates were there in Victoria?
How many representatives did each electorate have?
How long is the term of office for upper house members?
How often do elections for the Victorian Parliament occur?
What is the name of the centre-left political party in Victoria?
What is the centre-right political party of Australia?
What is the rural-based party of Australia?
Who won their first lower house seats in 2014?
What party is the main political party in Victoria?
What percentage of Victorians describe themselves as Christian?
What percentage of the Victorian population are Roman Catholics?
What is the state's largest non-Christian religion?
How many people in North Carolina are Buddhists?
What percentage of Victorians claim no religion?
In what part of Australia is Victoria located?
What is Victoria's ranking in population in Australia?
Where does Victoria rank in population among Australian states?
What is Australia's second-largest city?
Where does Melbourne rank in terms of population in Australia?
What was the name of the Aboriginal peoples that lived in the area before European settlement?
In what year did Britain claim the entire Australian continent?
What colony was Victoria included in?
Where was the first settlement in the area?
When did the first settlement in the area occur?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of the area is sown for wheat?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of Australian pears do Victorian farms produce?
How many tonnes of tomatoes were produced last year?
When was Victoria's written constitution enacted?
What was the Victoria Constitution Act based on?
Who can amend the Victorian Constitution?
What type of provisions require an absolute majority in both houses?
What was the 1855 colonial constitution passed by the United Kingdom Parliament called?
The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's what?
What is the average temperature during the summer?
What is the average temperature in winter?
What was Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II?
In what year was Victoria's highest maximum temperature recorded?
What are public schools also known as?
Who runs public schools in Victoria?
What is levied on students in addition to tuition?
What is the name of the church that runs parish schools?
What standards must all schools comply with?
What has Victoria been the base for the manufacturing plants of?
What year did Toyota say it would close its Melbourne plant?
When did Holden make his announcement?
When will Ford's Victorian plants close?
Along with Toyota and Holden, what major car brand has had a manufacturing plant in Victoria?
How high do the Victorian alpine areas rise?
What is the highest peak in Victoria?
How tall is Mount Bogong?
There is an extensive series of what in Victoria?
What is the state bird?
What is the coldest part of Victoria?
The Alps are part of what mountain system?
In what direction does the Great Dividing Range mountain system extend through the centre of Victoria?
What is the average temperature in the highest parts of the ranges?
What was the state's lowest minimum temperature?
What type of lines do private and public railway operators operate over?
What is the name of the major train operator in Melbourne?
Who owns the V/Line?
What does Pacific National, CFCL Australia operate?
What type of service does Metro Trains Melbourne offer?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian House of Representatives?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian Senate?
What is the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria?
What is the upper house?
Who is the Governor of Victoria?
When were writs issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council?
In what year was the first Victorian Legislative Council established?
What triggered one of the largest what the world has ever seen?
How much did the population of Victoria increase in ten years?
How much gold did Victoria produce in the decade 1851-1860?
How many public schools were there in Victoria in 2010?
How many Catholic schools were there in Victoria in 2010?
How many students were enrolled in public schools?
How many full-time teachers does Victoria have?
What percentage of private students attend Catholic schools?
What state is the center of dairy farming in Australia?
How many dairy cattle does Australia have?
What percentage of Australia's dairy cattle are in Queensland?
How much of the nation's milk does Australia's dairy cattle produce?
Where is most abalone and rock lobster exported?
What was the broad gauge used by Victorian lines?
What is the standard gauge of the interstate trunk routes?
What is the gauge of the narrow gauge railways?
Where were the former government-owned lines built?
How many former government-owned lines are the remnants of?
When was the colony of New South Wales founded?
What was the eastern half of Australia called in 1788?
What was the western half of Australia called?
Where was the colonial government of New Holland located?
When was the Eureka Stockade rebellion?
Who crushed the discontents?
What was the name of the stockade that miners protested against mining taxes?
What did the discontents want to reduce?
What did the Imperial Parliament pass in 1855?
The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with what in the Legislative Assembly?
What is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly?
What does the cabinet consist of?
Who is the current Premier of Victoria?
How are the representatives of the cabinet chosen?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production in 2003-04?
How much did the gross value of Victorian agricultural production increase during 2003-04?
How many farms were there in Victoria in 2004?
How many square kilometers of Victorian land did farms occupy in 2004?
What percentage of the state's total land surface is covered by land?
Major events play a big part in what in Victoria?
Along with cultural tourism, what type of tourism plays a big role in Victoria?
Where are most of the events centered on?
Where do some of these events occur?
Along with the Bright Autumn Festival, Queenscliff Music Festival, Bells Beach and the Port Fairy Folk Festival, what is an example of a local festival?
Where were the Huguenot numbers concentrated?
How many Huguenot people were there in France in 1562?
When were the Wars of Religion fought?
What was the name of the document that ended the wars?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
What was the original meaning of Huguenot?
What was John Calvin's adopted home?
Who was the Swiss politician that the nickname may have been a combined reference to?
What was the name of the 1560 plot?
When was the Amboise plot?
What was important to the spread of the Protestant movement in France?
When was a French version of the Scriptures prepared?
Who prepared a French version of the Scriptures?
In what year was a two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase of de Rély's work printed?
Where was the two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase printed in 1487?
Montpellier was one of the 66 of what?
What was one of the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté"?
What document declared Protestant rule was dead in 1629?
When was the siege of Paris?
When was the Edict of Alès issued?
Where did individual Huguenots settle?
What is the current name of the settlement that Maria de la Queillerie established?
Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
What company did the first group of Huguenots set sail from the Netherlands to?
When did some of the Huguenots arrive in the Cape?
When did the Huguenots sail to North America?
Who led the Huguenots to North America?
What was the name of the French church in New Amsterdam?
What is the current name of the parish?
Where did the Huguenots live?
Where did the Huguenot families immigrate to?
Who did they purchase the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations?
Where was Rev. Elie Prioleau from?
When did they petition the British Crown for the right to own land?
Where did many Huguenots settle in the early years?
Who was the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV?
What position did William III of Orange eventually become?
What was the name of the coalition that William formed to oppose Louis and the French state?
What country did the French attack in 1672?
When did the French attack the Dutch Republic?
What was the name of the Edict that abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France?
When was the Edict of Fontainebleau issued?
Who issued the Edict of Fontainebleau?
How many Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century?
What church opposed the Huguenots?
What was the height of the persecution?
How many people were killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
What did the Huguenots have to retaliate against the French Catholics?
Why was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
When did the Huguenot rebellions take place?
Where did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
Who was a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism?
Who became more intolerant of Protestantism?
What was the name of the three civil wars that broke out in southwestern France?
How many Protestants live in France?
What percentage of France's population is Protestant?
Where are most Huguenots concentrated?
What mountain region in the south still considers itself a Huguenot?
Where does a diaspora of French still consider itself Huguenots?
What was the name of the town that the Huguenot immigrants settled in?
Where was the third of the three congregations located?
What is the oldest street in the United States of America?
What does the "Huguenot Street Historic District" contain?
Where did a small group of Huguenots settle on the south shore of?
What country received the largest group of Huguenot refugees?
How many Huguenot refugees came to the Dutch Republic?
What was the population of the Dutch Republic at the time?
What were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants?
What caused the largest group of Huguenot refugees to come to the Dutch Republic?
Where did the prétendus réformés gather at night?
What was the gate of King Hugo called?
Who was the gate of Huguon rumored to be haunted by?
What was the name of the group that often gathered at night in Tours?
When did le roi Huguet come back to harm the living?
Where is Turnagain Lane located?
What was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830?
What was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the City?
Where else did the refugees settle?
What has it been adapted as?
Where is French Church Street located?
Where did a number of Huguenots serve as mayors?
Along with Cork, Youghal and Waterford, in what city did Huguenots serve as mayor?
Who is D'Olier Street named after?
When was the French church in Portarlington built?
What did the exodus of Huguenots from France create?
Where did the French crown refuse to allow non-Catholics to settle?
Who did the French crown refuse to allow to settle in New France?
The French and Indian War was the North American front of what war?
When did the British defeat New France?
Who issued the Edict of Nantes?
When was the warfare definitively quelled?
What did the Edict do for Protestants?
What did the Edict discourage in Catholic-controlled regions?
What religion did Henry of Navarre renounce?
What did the revocation of Protestant services require?
What did the revocation forbade?
How many people emigrated to the North American colonies?
What were the Huguenots who stayed in France called?
Along with Britain, where did many of the Protestants flee to?
Where did the first Huguenots seek freedom from persecution?
When did the French colonisers arrive in Brazil?
What was the name of the French colony in Brazil?
When was the fort destroyed?
What was the first Protestant confession of faith in the Americas?
What language do many families speak today?
What industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots?
In what province of South Africa do many of the farms still bear French names?
What do many families have that indicates their French Huguenot ancestry?
Who was descended from Huguenot refugees?
Who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina?
Where is the last active Huguenot congregation in North America?
What is the name of the church that the Huguenot Society of America maintains?
In what state is the largest chapter of the Society?
What was the main industry in Bedfordshire?
What is the name of the style of lace that demonstrates a Huguenot influence?
What is the only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period?
When did Mechlin lace develop?
What were the names of the two new neighbourhoods created by the Huguenots in Berlin?
By 1700, what percentage of the city's population was French speaking?
Why did the Germans switch to German?
When did Napoleon occupy Prussia?
What are some congregations that were founded?
Where did the Huguenots flee to?
What region of France did Huguenots remain in large numbers?
What was the name of the group that rioted in the early 18th century?
What did the Camisards riot against?
Between what years did French troops hunt down and destroy all the Camisards?
What is the current name of Florida's Fort Caroline?
Who was the leader of the Norman Huguenots that established Fort Caroline?
What was the name of the small colony established in 1564?
Who was the new colony at St. Augustine?
In what year did a French naval attack on St. Augustine fail?
What was the name of the outpost that Ribault founded on Parris Island?
Where was Charlesfort founded?
Who established the settlement of St. Augustine?
In what year did Jean Ribault lead an expedition to explore Florida?
What caused the outpost to be abandoned?
Where did the French Huguenots migrate to?
Where did the English Crown promise the French Huguenots land grants?
What was the name of the abandoned Monacan village?
How many of the original settlers had died?
When did the Virginia General Assembly pass an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown?
When was the Dutch Revolt?
Some Huguenots fought alongside the Dutch against what country?
What was written by Pierre L'Oyseleur?
Who condemned the Spanish Inquisition?
What was William the Silent's religion?
What act caused 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots to leave England?
When was the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act passed?
How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England?
Who was the leading Huguenot theologian and writer?
What did Andrew Lortie criticize during Mass?
What war did the Huguenot regiments fight in Ireland?
Who did the Huguenot regiments fight for?
Where were significant Huguenot settlements located?
What did Killeshandra contribute to the expansion of?
What industry did Killeshandra contribute to the growth of?
Who arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community in 1604?
Who did Prince Louis de Condé arrange with to establish a Huguenot community in 1604?
What type of work did the Condés establish?
When did some members of the community emigrate to the United States?
When did Prince Louis de Condé establish a Huguenot community in Saarland?
Where did the bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
What religion did the bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
In what Canadian province were they accepted and allowed to worship freely?
Where did they spread beyond Europe to South Africa?
What did the English colonies of North America and Quebec have in common?
Who did the "Hugues hypothesis" argue the name was derived from?
What argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet?
Who is a supporter of the hypothesis that the name huguenote is roughly equivalent to little Hugos?
What would the name huguenote be roughly equivalent to?
What do some disagree with?
Who was a precursor of the Reformed church?
Where was Lefevre a professor?
When was the whole Bible published in the French language?
Who was a student of Lefevre?
Who was another student at the University of Paris that converted to Protestantism?
When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Who killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris?
How many Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse?
When was an amnesty granted?
How many Protestants were massacred in Paris on 17 September?
Who gained the throne in 1643?
What did Louis XIV do when he gained the throne?
What did he do to convert people to Catholicism?
What happened to the Huguenot schools?
What was the name of the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops?
In what county is New Rochelle located?
What is the peninsula of Davenports Neck called?
Who did they purchase the land from?
What was New Rochelle named after?
What is the name of the third church that replaced the first?
What happened to most of the Huguenot congregations in North America?
How did the Huguenots adapt quickly and often?
Who established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills?
When did the French continue to use French first names and surnames for their children?
What did E.I. du Pont establish?
Who was one of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands?
Where did Popper start teaching?
What was the name of the work that Popper finished in Rotterdam?
What became one of the 100 foundational texts of what?
What is the name of the Huguenot patron?
What was established by Royal Charter in 1550?
When was the French Protestant Church of London established?
Where is it now located?
Where did Huguenot refugees flock to?
When was the Black Eagle Brewery founded?
In what states did Huguenot refugees find a safe haven?
Where did Huguenot refugees find a safe haven?
What document granted Huguenots special privileges?
Who was Frederick William?
What did the Huguenots furnish to his army?
Who invited Huguenots to settle in his realms?
What famous poet was a Huguenot?
What was the name of the Luftwaffe General and fighter ace?
Who was the last Prime Minister of the East German Democratic Republic?
What is Thomas de Maizière's job?
What type of power can be used?
What is the ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze the process?
What does water transform into in the cycle?
At what pressure does a boiler need to operate?
What type of engine is a steam engine?
What was the first commercially successful true engine?
Who invented the atmospheric engine?
When was the atmospheric engine invented?
What did Savery use?
Who proposed a piston for Savery's steam pump?
Where was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
When did the world's first railway journey take place?
Where did the first railway journey take place?
In what country was Abercynon located?
In what part of Wales was Abercynon located?
What do most steam engines have to recycle or top up the boiler water?
What type of pumps do utility and industrial boilers commonly use?
When did injectors become popular?
In what type of vehicles are injectors no longer used?
What is an injector a means of supplying?
How many expansion stages do triple and quadruple expansion engines use?
What are triple and quadruple expansion engines?
In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used?
What type of engines used the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system?
What class of passenger liners was the 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine popular with?
What was the name of the company that invented poppet valve gears?
Along with Stephenson and Walschaerts, what is an example of a simpler motion?
What is the usual solution to provide lap by?
What may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox?
What happens to the lead when the temperature of the firebox crown increases?
What happens if the temperature of the firebox crown melts?
Who can then do what?
What does the steam escape have little effect on?
Who patented a steam engine in 1781?
What type of motion did James Watt's steam engine produce?
How many times did James Watt ted his steam engine?
By what year had engines that could provide 10,000 hp become feasible?
The stationary steam engine was a key component of what?
When was the first recorded rudimentary steam engine?
Who described the first rudimentary steam engine?
What nationality was the mathematician Hero of Alexandria?
Who described a steam turbine in 1629?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont receive patents?
What type of engines came into widespread use at the end of the 19th century?
What were the stages of a ship called?
In what industry were double and triple expansion engines most common?
Along with electric motors, what type of engine replaced reciprocating steam engines in the 20th century?
What did double and triple expansion engines reduce the weight of?
What was the final major evolution of the steam engine design?
When did steam turbines begin to be used?
What is the maximum output of a reciprocating piston type steam engine?
What percentage of electric power is produced in the United States using a variety of heat sources?
Steam turbines replaced reciprocating engines in what type of generating stations in the 20th century?
What is the most common source of heat for boiling water?
What is another name for a firebox?
What type of energy can be used as a heat source?
What type of heating element can a model or toy steam engine have?
What is the most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines?
When were early versions of the indicator in use?
Who was the inventor and manufacturer of the most successful indicator?
Who developed the most successful indicator?
Where was the most successful indicator exhibited in 1862?
How many degrees out of phase with each other are the pistons of a two-cylinder simple?
At what angle are the individual pistons in a double expansion group usually balanced?
How many degrees out of phase with each other are the pistons of a two-cylinder simple?
What is it called when the steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke?
How many piston strokes does the complete engine cycle have?
How many rotations does the complete engine cycle occupy?
How many events make up the complete engine cycle?
Along with exhaust, compression and admission, what is the other event in the complete engine cycle?
What is a uniflow rotary steam engine?
Uniflow engines attempt to remedy the difficulties arising from what cycle?
In an uniflow engine, what part of the cylinder walls will be cooled by the passing exhaust steam?
What type of steam engine does not require valves?
What is the pivot mounting called?
Along with toys, where are these engines mainly used?
On what type of ship are compact engines most often used?
How is the working fluid in a Rankine cycle recycled?
What is a system where the exhaust steam is directly released to the atmosphere?
What is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine?
What is supplied to the boiler in an open loop system?
What limits the efficiency of a Rankine cycle?
What is the creep limit of stainless steel?
What is the creep limit of a steam turbine?
What is the theoretical Carnot efficiency?
What are condenser temperatures in steam turbines?
What was the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution?
Along with railway locomotives, ships, and road vehicles, what type of boat was powered by steam engines?
What is an example of a steam-powered automobile?
Along with mills and mines, in what industry did steam engines first see commercial use?
What did their use in agriculture lead to?
What was the name of Trevorithick's final locomotives?
Who built Salamanca?
What type of locomotive was Salamanca?
What railway used the Salamanca?
For what railway was the Locomotion built?
Who invented the Woolf high-pressure compound engine?
What nationality was Arthur Woolf?
What can be reduced by staging the expansion in multiple cylinders?
To derive equal work from lower-pressure steam requires a larger what?
What percentage of the world's electric production was by use of steam turbines?
What type of engines were more efficient and less maintenance than steam turbines?
Along with reciprocating Diesel engines, what type of engines have almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications?
What is the main use for electricity generation?
What has the recent widespread application of large gas turbine units and typical combined cycle power plants resulted in?
What is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine?
What happens to the waste heat?
When did Rankine steam cycles generate about 90% of all electric power?
Along with coal and nuclear power plants, what type of power was generated by Rankine steam cycles in the 1990s?
What was William John Macquorn Rankine's nationality?
What was the historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency?
What was the average amount of duty Watt's low-pressure designs were able to deliver?
What was the duty of the best examples of Newcomen designs?
How many pounds of coal is one bushel?
Who introduced the concept of duty?
What type of power generation began to rise in the 20th century?
What type of steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century?
What type of steam engine became the dominant source of power in the 20th century?
Along with electric motors, what type of engine replaced reciprocating piston type steam engines in the 20th century?
Who developed the first commercial steam-powered device?
What was the first commercial steam-powered device?
When was the first commercial steam-powered device developed?
Who introduced an ingenious improvement to Savery's construction?
Who described the improvement of Savery's construction?
Who was the first to introduce engines using high-pressure steam?
Along with Richard Trevithick, who introduced engines using high-pressure steam in 1801?
When did Trevithick get his patent?
What type of applications were small engines made small enough for?
What was more important for a given cylinder size than previous engines?
What company in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam?
Where is Energiprojekt AB located?
How many cylinders does the engine have?
What is the weight of steam per kWh?
What percentage of efficiency does Energiprojekt's steam engine reach on high-pressure engines?
What do steam turbines in power stations use as a cold sink?
A dry type cooling tower is similar to what?
Where is a dry type cooling tower used?
What type of water is evaporative cooling towers?
How many cubic metres of make-up water does a 700 megawatt coal-fired power plant use?
What was adopted by James Watt for use on a steam engine?
Who saw a centrifugal governor at a flour mill?
What was Boulton & Watt building?
What is an example of an operation that requires constant speed?
What could the governor not do?
After what year was compounding almost universal for marine engines?
In what type of engine was compounding not universally popular?
What was compounding often perceived as in railway locomotives?
After what year was compounding not employed in Britain?
What type of engine was almost universal after 1880?
How can speed and momentum be gained by gradually?
What is another term for excessive compression?
What can you not do to prevent choking?
How long do valve gears give events during the engine cycle?
Who obtained the first patent for a steam engine in 1606?
What nationality was Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont?
When was the first patent for a steam engine?
When was Thomas Savery's steam pump patented?
When was Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine first used?
What are rotors?
What is alternating with a series of stators?
What are stators?
A series of stators are fixed to what?
What is the typical speed of RPM in the USA?
Is the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant higher or lower than that of an internal combustion engine?
Along with internal combustion engines, what has steam been largely superseded by in mobile applications?
Most electric power is generated using what type of plant?
What movement is becoming known as?
Along with fuel sources, what has caused a renewed interest in steam?
What is an example of a pistonless rotary engine?
What does the Wankel engine replace in place of a conventional reciprocating steam engine?
Along with wear, what is a major problem with sealing the rotors?
When did James Watt die?
What did James Watt add to Newcomen's engine?
How much coal did Boulton and Watt's early engines use?
What engine did James Watt improve on?
What did air pressure push into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam?
How many independent mechanisms do steam engines have?
What is in the top of a boiler?
What type of safety valve is more recent?
What must be broken in order for an adjustable spring-loaded valve to be locked?
What did a driver fasten the valve down to allow?
What was the acme of the horizontal engine?
When was the Corliss steam engine patented?
What percentage of steam was used in cotton spinning?
How many valves did the Corliss have?
What medal was Corliss given?
What theory did the steam engine contribute to?
Who created the separate condenser on a model steam engine?
What did Watt's measurements on a model steam engine lead to?
Who discovered latent heat?
What did Watt independently discover?
What is one of the principal advantages of the Rankine cycle?
In what phase is the working fluid in at the end of the Rankine cycle?
What percentage of power does the pump consume?
What is the entry temperature of a gas turbine?
What is an example of a pump that provides water to the boiler?
What do condensers do?
What is used to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point?
What is another name for a supply bin?
What is the name of the mechanism that moves fuel from a supply bin to a firebox?
What was usually readily available?
What country invented the steam turbine?
What is an example of a ship that needed speed?
Along with warships, what type of ship needed speed?
When was the HMS Dreadnought built?
What does a nuclear power plant heat to produce steam?
What drives the steam in a nuclear power plant?
What is the turbine connected to?
What type of transmission does nuclear-powered ships and submarines use?
In what country were non-condensing direct-drive locomotives used for express passenger work?
What is the Rankine cycle sometimes referred to as?
Where is heat addition and rejection located?
What is isobaric?
What is the term for the constant temperature processes in the theoretical Carnot cycle?
How is the working fluid received from the condenser?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
Along with hydrogen, what is the second most abundant element in the universe?
How many atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen?
How much of the Earth's crust is made up of oxide compounds?
What gas makes up 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere?
What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere isiatomic oxygen gas?
What is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
Is there a global downward trend in oxygen levels?
What is the mass of oxygen?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What group is it a member of on the periodic table?
What is an example of a compound that can be formed with most elements?
Where does oxygen rank in mass in the universe?
What is a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula of dioxygen?
What releases oxygen from water?
What does photosynthesis use to produce oxygen from water?
What protects the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
Many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms contain what?
What is oxygen a part of?
What releases oxygen from water?
What is oxygen a part of?
What protects the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
Who showed that fire requires only a part of air?
What is another name for spiritus?
When did John Mayow die?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
What is another name for spiritus?
When did Robert Boyle prove that air is necessary for combustion?
Along with combustion, in what process is nitroaereus consumed?
Who showed that fire requires only a part of air?
Who conducted an experiment on August 1, 1774?
What was Joseph Priestley's profession?
What is mercuric oxide?
What did Priestley focus sunlight on?
What does HgO stand for?
What did Joseph Priestley name the gas he created?
When did Priestley publish his findings?
Why is Priestley usually given priority in the discovery?
A mouse in gas was more what?
Who built on Philo's work?
Who conducted the first known experiment on combustion and air?
When did Philo of Byzantium conduct his experiment?
How didilo surmise that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire?
Who conducted the first known experiment on combustion and air?
What element was the air in the vessel converted into?
What work did Philo work on?
Who built on Philo's work?
What did Philo of Byzantium experiment on?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What is the oxidant, not the fuel, but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy in combustion?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
Fire and explosion hazards exist when fuels are brought into close proximity to what?
Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote what?
Oxygen is the source of most of what?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What type of pressure was the Apollo 1 capsule pressurized with?
Steel pipes and storage vessels are used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid what?
What was the normal pressure of the Apollo 1 capsule?
What does the design and manufacture of O2 systems require?
Concentrated O2 allows what to proceed rapidly and energetically?
Steel pipes and what are used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen?
What does the design and manufacture of O2 systems require?
Who died in a launch pad test?
What is the Earth's crustal rock composed of?
What is another name for CO2?
What part of the Earth has a much larger mass than the crust?
What is another name for CO2?
What is composed in large part of oxides of silicon?
What is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What part of the Earth has a much larger mass than the crust?
What type of silicate minerals are made up of oxygen compounds?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were what?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that atoms in compounds would normally have what kind of atomic ratios?
What did Dalton assume water's formula was?
What is the atomic mass of oxygen 8 times that of?
What is the name of the law that Amedeo Avogadro used to determine the composition of water?
Highly combustible materials that leave little residue were thought to be made mostly of what?
What type of substance is iron?
What did not play a role in phlogiston theory?
What was one of the first clues that the phlogiston theory was incorrect?
What happens to most common objects when they burn?
What is the bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms?
How many oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other in dioxygen?
What is the name for the filling of orbitals and cancellation of contributions from the 2s electrons?
How are the two oxygen atoms bonded to each other in dioxygen?
The covalent double bond results from the filling of what?
In what year was oxygen discovered?
In what year was oxygen discovered?
What was published first?
Who coined the name oxygen?
What theory of combustion and corrosion did Lavoisier discredit?
What is the name for an electron configuration with two unpaired electrons with equal energy?
What is the ground state of the O 2 molecule referred to as?
An electron configuration with two what is found in dioxygen?
What type of combustion does triplet oxygen prevent?
The highest energy orbitals are what?
Along with tin, what was heated in a closed container in Lavoisier's experiment?
What did Lavoisier observe that there was no overall increase in when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
What did Lavoisier observe that there was no overall increase in when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
When was Sur la combustion en général published?
What is the Greek word for "lifeless"?
What is another name for trioxygen?
What is the reactive form of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue?
What part of the body is damaged by ozone?
What does the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere function as for the planet?
What is another name for ultraviolet radiation?
What is the common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth?
What has a bond length of 121 pm?
What part of the Earth's atmosphere is Occurrence?
Why is O2 used by complex forms of life?
What is the biological role of O2?
Who was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was James Dewar able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was the first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen developed?
What type of welding was first demonstrated in 1901?
What is more soluble in water than nitrogen?
What determines the solubility of oxygen in water?
How much oxygen does freshwater contain per liter?
What contains about 4.95 mL of oxygen per liter?
How much more oxygen dissolves at 0 degrees Celsius than at 20 degrees Celsius?
How abundant is oxygen in the Earth's biosphere?
Where does oxygen rank among chemical elements in the universe?
What percentage of the sun's mass is oxygen?
Oxygen is a major component of what?
How is the O2 surrounding other planets produced?
When did scientists realize that air could be liquefied?
How could air be liquefied?
Who used a cascade method to liquefy carbon dioxide?
How much liquid was produced in either case?
When wasoxygen liquified in stable state?
Planetary geologists have been unable to obtain reference values for the isotope ratios in what?
What does the Sun have a higher proportion of than the Earth?
What spacecraft returned a silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind in space?
What process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk?
Planetary geologists have measured different abundances of oxygen isotopes in samples from the Moon, Mars, and meteorites, but not from what other planet?
What is the name given to several higher energy species of molecular O2 in which all the electron spins are paired?
What is molecular oxygen more reactive towards?
During what process is singlet oxygen formed?
How is ozone produced in the troposphere?
What plays a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen?
Who measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms?
What do paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine?
What percentage of oxygen-18 is in water molecules that contain the heavier isotope?
Along with oxygen-16, what isotope is measured in marine organisms?
When is snow and rain from evaporated water higher in oxygen-16?
At what wavelengths do Oxygen's absorption bands peak?
What has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring from satellites?
What is a satellite platform?
On what scale is this scale?
What type of scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies to characterize plant health?
In the triplet form, O2 molecules are what?
What is attracted to a magnet?
The spin magnetic moments of what in the molecule impart magnetic character to oxygen?
What gives magnetic character to oxygen when it is in the presence of?
Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of what?
What are reactive oxygen species?
Why do parts of the immune system create peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen?
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in plants hypersensitive response to what?
Oxygen is toxic to obligately what type of organisms?
When did O2 begin to accumulate in the atmosphere?
At what temperature does oxygen condenses?
What is the color of liquid and solid O2?
What is the fractional distillation of high-purity liquid O2?
What is used as a coolant to produce liquid oxygen?
What must it be segregated from?
In what type of body of water can free oxygen be found?
At what temperature does O2 have more solubility?
Why do polar oceans support a higher density of life?
Water polluted with plant nutrients can stimulate the growth of what?
What does the amount of O2 needed to restore water to a normal concentration measure?
When did photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolve?
During what eon did oxygen first appear in significant quantities?
What did free oxygen and dissolved iron combine to form?
When did free oxygen reach 10% of its present level?
When did free oxygen begin to outgas from the oceans?
What is the cause of the unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth?
What type of cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth?
How many main reservoirs are there on Earth?
What is the main driving factor of the oxygen cycle?
The unusually high concentration of what gas on Earth is the result of the oxygen cycle?
What absorbs the nitrogen?
What percentage of O2 gas is produced by passing a stream of clean, dry air through a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves?
What does the zeolite absorb?
What type of technologies are used to obtain oxygen gas?
What is the other method of producing O2 gas?
What is electrolysis of?
What are the molecular components of oxygen gas?
What type of electricity must be used?
Where did the electrocatalytic O 2 evolution come from?
What type of catalysts can be used in chemical oxygen generators?
Oxygen has a history of what type of use?
What is the supposed effect of oxygen?
What do professional athletes wear oxygen masks to give a boost to?
What is a more likely explanation for the pharmacological effect?
What type of exercise is the only one that shows a performance boost from enriched O 2 mixtures?
What uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O2 around the patient?
Increased O 2 concentration in the lungs helps to displace what from the heme group of hemoglobin?
What causes gas gangrene?
What is it called when a diver decompresses too quickly?
What is used to treat emphysema?
What part of the body does treatment reduce the work load on?
What is used in medicine?
What is the essential purpose of oxygen supplementation?
What is the body's ability to take up and use?
What causes oxygen to form chemical bonds with almost all other elements?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
What is wüstite written as?
The surface of most metals become coated with a thin film of what?
What does the oxide on the surface of metals slow?
What is an emergency supply of O2 automatically supplied to passengers traveling in commercial airplanes in case of?
What type of oxygen generators do sudden cabin pressure loss activate?
What type of reaction produces a steady stream of oxygen gas?
What is produced by the exothermic reaction?
What is oxygen used for?
In what type of tank is oxygen often transported as a liquid?
What type of liquid is oxygen often transported in bulk?
What type of gas is used in oxy-fuel welding?
Along with other institutions with a need for large volumes of pure oxygen gas, where do tankers stand outside?
What contains oxygen?
What is one of the most important classes of what that contain oxygen?
What are phenol and acetone used as?
What are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms?
How important are the classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
What is the element found in almost all of?
How many common complex biomolecules contain no oxygen?
What contains the largest proportion of oxygen?
Along with fats, fatty acids, amino acids and amino acids, what contains oxygen?
Along with calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite, in what part of the body does oxygen occur?
What can also occur in deep scuba diving and surface supplied diving?
Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O 2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can lead to permanent what?
What is the maximum amount of partial pressures that can lead to convulsions?
What causes seizures?
What is the most feared effect of acute oxygen toxicity?
Why does breathing pure O2 in space cause no damage?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas?
How much more than sea-level O 2 partial pressure is 30 kPa?
What does breathing pure O2 in space cause?
Is the O 2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood more or less than normal sea-level O2 partial pressure?
When can Oxygen gas be toxic?
At what level of partial pressure does oxygen toxicity usually begin to occur?
What is the composition of oxygen at standard pressure?
What type of device is not a problem except for patients on?
What percentage of O2 is typically used in medical applications?
When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?
By the end of the embargo, what was the price of oil globally?
When was the second oil crisis?
What was the oil crisis later called?
Who declared an oil embargo in 1973?
Why did some European nations and Japan want to disassociate themselves from US foreign policy in the Middle East?
What did the US do in 1974?
When did Henry Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula?
When did Arab oil producers lift the embargo?
When did the United States pull out of the Bretton Woods Accord?
What was the value of the dollar left to do?
What did industrialized nations do to prepare for the fluctuation of currency values?
When did OPEC issue a communiqué stating that they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold?
Why did oil producers' real income decrease?
How much did the dollar price of oil increase from 1947 to 1967?
When did OPEC slow to readjust prices to reflect the depreciation?
During what years did prices return to Bretton Woods levels?
Until what event did the price of oil stay stable?
When did Syria and Egypt launch an attack on Israel?
What country was the world's second largest oil exporter?
How much more does it cost?
What country was the world's second largest oil exporter?
What released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices?
Why did OPEC raise the price of oil?
When did OPEC raise the price of oil?
When did oil ministers agree to continue to cut production in five percent monthly increments?
How much money did Nixon request for emergency aid to Israel?
What caused OPEC to raise the price of oil?
How much did Saudi Arabia spend in the ensuing decades to spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam?
What groups did the al-Haramain Foundation give money to?
In what region of the world did arms purchases increase political tensions?
What was the cause of lower prices for export commodities?
What is the name of Saudi Arabia's fundamentalist interpretation of Islam?
What has been held responsible for recessions in the US production?
What country was the Middle East in danger of becoming a superpower confrontation with?
When did scholars argue that there already existed a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties prior to?
Who did interest groups and government agencies more worried about energy were no match for?
What had a negative influence on the US economy?
What is an example of an industry in which price increases changed the competitive position?
What consisted of inflationary and deflationary impacts?
In what rugged terrain did oil companies look for new ways to increase oil supplies?
How long does it usually take to find oil and develop new fields?
Which member of the EEC faced a complete embargo?
What country refused to allow the UK and France to use their airfields?
Along with France and the Netherlands, what member of the EEC received almost uninterrupted supplies?
Along with the Arabs, what country was embargoed by the EEC?
Who was the leader of Britain in 1970?
Which country faced an oil crisis of its own?
What caused the change of government in 1973-74?
When did the oil crisis in the UK begin?
Along with the UK, Italy, Switzerland and Norway, what country banned flying, driving and boating on Sundays?
What country rationed gasoline?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
What was the purpose of the higher price of newly discovered oil?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
How was scarcity addressed in many countries?
Who was the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
When was William E. Simon named the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
What was the purpose of the Federal Energy Office?
When did the American Automobile Association report that 20% of American gasoline stations had no fuel?
What was the national maximum speed limit in 1974?
What was the name of the act that imposed a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph?
Who signed the National Highway Designation Act?
When did Bill Clinton sign the National Highway Designation Act?
When was the cabinet-level Department of Energy created?
What led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels?
What do critics of American energy policies say they ignore?
Who has repeatedly backed policies that promise solutions that are politically expedient, but whose prospects are doubtful?
What country considered military action to seize Middle Eastern oilfields in 1973?
Who ordered a British intelligence estimate of the US's intentions?
How long did intelligence say the American occupation would need to last?
Who did intelligence warn the American occupation would result in the total alienation of?
What country was the most dependent on Arab oil?
What percentage of Saudi Arabia's imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970?
What did the company receive in December?
On what date did Japan issue a statement stating that Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories?
When was Japan considered an Arab-friendly state?
What was one sign of insecurity in the region?
Who became increasingly dependent on American security assurances?
Along with Iran, what country became increasingly dependent on American security assurances?
When did the Shah lose control of Iran?
When was the Grand Mosque in Mecca seized by Wahhabi extremists?
What did the crisis reduce the demand for?
What were the Toyota Corona, the Toyota Corolla, the Datsun B210, and the Honda Civic?
What type of engines were more fuel efficient than the typical American?
Where was the Toyota Corona imported from?
When did the oil crisis begin?
What was the name of the larger car that Toyota and Nissan introduced?
Along with air conditioning and AM-FM radios, what feature was added to the Datsun 810?
Along with Infiniti and Acura, what luxury brand did Honda, Toyota, and Nissan establish in the US?
Along with the Datsun Truck, what compact truck was introduced?
What did Mitsubishi rename the Forte?
Who did Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu have joint partnerships with?
What did the introduction of domestic replacements end?
What caused General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and more fuel-efficient models for domestic sales?
The Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon had room for how many passengers?
In what year did the average American vehicle move 17.4 miles per gallon?
Along with the Mercury Marquis, what luxury sedan became popular in the 1970s?
What was the name of the lower-priced full-size model that did not recover?
By what year had most American cars shrunk?
In what year did Chrysler end production of their luxury sedans?
What compacts were a precursor to the DOT "downsize" revision of vehicle categories?
In what year did OPEC lose its preeminent position?
When did the world price of oil begin to decrease?
Why did Saudi Arabia increase production?
What was the world price of oil in 1979?
What was the name of the project that put the first Americans in space?
Who carried out the Apollo program?
When was the first manned flight of Apollo?
Who was the leader of the United States in the early 20th century?
How many people worked on Project Gemini?
When did the Apollo program run?
What program ran concurrently with Apollo from 1962 to 1966?
The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was a joint Earth orbit mission with what country?
What was the name of the space station that supported three manned missions?
In what year did the Apollo 1 cabin fire occur?
What was the cause of the Apollo 1 cabin fire?
What forced the cancellation of three of these?
How many of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings?
What prevented the Apollo 13 landing?
What was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body?
What was the final mission to the Moon?
How much weight did the program return?
What areas of technology did Apollo contribute to?
How many people could the Mercury capsule carry on a limited Earth orbital mission?
How many astronauts would the Apollo capsule carry?
Who was the NASA manager who named the Apollo program after the Greek god of light?
Along with ferrying crews to the space station and circumlunar flights, what other possible missions were there?
When was the Apollo program conceived?
In what year was the Apollo program announced?
Who led NASA's own in-house spacecraft design studies?
How many study contracts were awarded on October 25?
Who was the NASA Deputy Administrator in 1960?
Who was elected president in 1960?
Who did John F. Kennedy promise American superiority over in the fields of space exploration and missile defense?
What was one of the reasons that Eisenhower was put off the space program?
Who was the new NASA Administrator?
What did Kennedy speak out against?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
How long after Gagarin's flight did a meeting of the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics take place?
How did Kennedy respond to the news of the Soviets?
On what date did Kennedy send a memo to Johnson?
Who was the Vice President of the United States?
How long after Johnson's statement did he respond?
What did Johnson say the US was not doing?
Who was responsible for managing the Apollo program?
Where was the Space Task Group located?
Where was the site chosen for the conversion?
What university donated the land for the conversion?
Where was the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station located?
Where was the Launch Operations Center located?
Who was responsible for the design, development and construction of the center?
What was Debus' job title?
Who was the president of the United States in the early 20th century?
How many pads were planned?
Along with the Gemini spacecraft, what other spacecraft was initially received at the LOC?
At what altitude could the Apollo spacecraft be tested in a vacuum?
How large was the Vertical Assembly Building?
Who did Administrator Webb recruit for a high management job?
When did Webb announce Mueller's appointment as Deputy Associate Administrator?
Who was the previous Associate Administrator of Manned Space Flight?
Who is being considered for a high management job?
What industry experience did Mueller have?
Where did Mueller find skilled managers?
Who did Mueller recruit to manage the Minuteman program?
How long did Phillips manage Apollo?
What position did Schriever want Phillips to hold at NASA?
What did engineers fear would be difficult in lunar orbit?
In what year was direct ascent generally the mission mode in favor at NASA?
Who was the Associate Administrator of NASA?
Who was the head of the ad-hoc committee?
When was the ad-hoc committee established?
What organization began to come around to support LOR?
Who was the deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight?
Where was the MSFC located?
Who was Kennedy's science advisor?
Who did Wiesner hire to chair his own "Space Vehicle Panel"?
Who reached an internal agreement?
When was the formal announcement of NASA's decision to land men on the Moon?
Who kept up the pressure on the President?
What did Wiesner blurted out in front of the press?
What does LEM stand for?
Who was the LEM contractor for NASA in 1962?
What did the LOR method allow the lander to do?
On what mission did an oxygen tank explosion leave the command ship without electrical power?
What did the Lunar Module provide?
When was the MSC study published?
What shape was the Apollo command module?
What does CSM stand for?
How many men would the Lunar Excursion Module take to the lunar surface?
How many people could the Command Module carry from launch to lunar orbit?
Where did the Command Module land back to Earth?
What was the exterior of the Concorde covered with?
What was carried to slow the ship's descent to splashdown?
How much did the module weigh?
What supported the Command Module?
What was used for long distance communications on the lunar flights?
What happened to the Service Module just before re-entry?
How much did the initial lunar flight version weigh?
What was carried on the extended lunar missions?
Who won the contract to build the CSM?
How much more thrust was the service propulsion engine needed for translunar flight?
When did the program definition study conclude that Block I should be continued as Block I?
What is the second stage of?
How many astronauts were intended to land on the Moon?
Was the plane designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere or return to Earth?
How much did the initial LM model weigh?
How long did the Extended Lunar Module allow surface stays?
Who was the leader of the team of rocket engineers that worked on the Saturn and Nova series?
Where was von Braun transferred from to NASA?
When was the decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous made?
What did the first four Saturn I test flights carry?
When were the first five boilerplate CSMs launched into orbit?
What satellites did the last three of the Apollo program carry?
What did the Pegasus satellites measure?
What was an upgraded version of the Saturn I?
How much thrust did the S-IVB-200 produce?
What was the S-IVB used as in the Saturn V?
How much weight could the Saturn IB send into low Earth orbit?
What was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon?
How large was the Moon?
How many stages did the Saturn V have?
What did the second and third stages do?
From what two projects were the Apollo astronauts chosen?
What was commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans?
Who was the first NASA scientist to fly in space?
What was the last mission to land on the Moon?
On what mission did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
How many astronauts were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal?
What is the highest honor given to astronauts?
When were the medals given to Grissom, White, and Chaffee?
Why was the crew of Apollo 7 awarded the lesser NASA Exceptional Service Medal?
What was the first mission to be awarded the medal?
When were the Block I CSMs launched?
What was the altitude of the first AS-201?
How far was the second AS-202 recovered?
Along with the Service Module engine, what did these flights validate?
What type of LM test flight was AS-206?
What is designed to accommodate lunar extravehicular activity?
What was replaced with a clear "fishbowl"?
What did the lunar surface EVA suit include?
What was the LMP?
Who selected the first Apollo crew?
Where was Slayton an astronaut?
In what year was the first Apollo crew selected?
Who was the first rookie to serve on the first Apollo crew?
What was Wally Schirra, Eisele, and Walter Cunningham the prime crew for?
What happened to the AS-205 mission in 1966?
When was the dual mission planned for?
What was the new name of the dual mission?
What were Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham reassigned as?
Who was the program director of the Tiger team?
What did program director Samuel Phillips head?
When was the Lunar Module supposed to be ready for manned flight?
Who was the Manned Space Flight Administrator in 1965?
Where did the astronauts conduct tests of their spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center?
Who decided to name their flight Apollo 1?
What would a "plugs-out" test simulate?
Where did the Apollo 11 crew train and conduct tests of their spacecraft?
What caused the crew to delay sealing the hatch?
When did the plugs-out test begin?
What type of fire began in the cabin during the hold?
What happened to the astronauts before the hatch could be opened?
What type of atmosphere did the electrical fire begin in?
Who oversaw the NASA accident review board?
What did the review board conclude existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control?
Who did Webb replace Joseph Francis Shea with?
When did NASA convene an accident review board?
What is used instead of pure oxygen before and during launch?
What was removed from the Block II spacecraft?
What did the Block II design call for to replace the plug-type hatch cover?
What did NASA do with the manned Block I program?
What type of space suits would crew members wear?
What did Mueller approve in 1967?
What had to be accomplished in order to achieve the manned lunar landing?
What were used instead of numbers?
What was the name of the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
What did the Command Module use to survive a trans-lunar reentry?
On what date was Apollo 6 launched?
What did NASA cancel after they declared the Saturn V ready to fly men?
What was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
Where was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit launched from?
Who wanted a second unmanned test?
What was the test-fired status of the LM engines?
What is the abort mode called?
What did the Apollo 8 mission launch on instead of the Saturn V?
What was the name of the spacecraft that sent animals around the Moon in 1968?
On what day did the Gemini crew transmit pictures of the lunar surface?
What did ASPO Manager George Low suggest sending Apollo 8 to?
What did the Soviet Union believe they would soon send to the Moon with?
What was the name of the spacecraft that carried the Apollo 11 crew?
When was the G mission on Apollo 11?
What did the crew send back to Earth?
Who were the crew members of the Apollo 11 mission?
On what date did the astronauts return to Earth?
What was the name of the Gemini mission that made a precision landing on the Moon?
What was the name of the probe that landed on the Ocean of Storms in 1967?
What did they do with some of the parts they removed from the Surveyor?
What was the Command Module Pilot's camera accidentally pointed into?
What would be carried on these missions?
What was revised for the extended missions?
How many landing sites did NASA announce in 1967?
How long would the CMP stay on the Moon?
What did NASA plan to increase in the CSM and LM?
What caused the Service Module to be disabled?
Who were the remaining missions crewed with?
What happened to Apollo in 1970?
What caused the Service Module to be disabled?
When was Lovell, Jack Swigert and Fred Haise launched?
What was the name of the Apollo mission that was to have been launched from the Skylab?
What happened to NASA's yearly budget in light of the successful landing?
What did the two unused Saturn Vs become?
In what year was it decided to cancel missions 18 and 19?
How old are the rocks collected from the Moon?
How old are the samples from the highlands crust?
What geochemical component has no known terrestrial counterpart?
What is the name of the important rock found during the Apollo Program?
What is never seen on Earth rocks?
Almost all the rocks show evidence of what?
What is impact melt?
What was the approximate cost of the Apollo program in 2005 dollars?
How many Saturn V rockets were purchased?
What was the estimated cost of Apollo from 1959 to 1973?
What is another name for the Apollo Extension Series?
What does AAP stand for?
What planet did the most ambitious plan call for using an empty S-IVB as an interplanetary spacecraft for?
When was the Skylab launched?
Where was the Skylab constructed?
When did Skylab's last crew leave the station?
What was the solar telescope that would have been used on the Apollo Telescope Missions?
What is the name of the robotic spacecraft that began photographing the Apollo program left on the Moon in 2009?
What was the last mission to leave a flag on the Moon?
What is the degree to which the flags left on the Moon retain their original colors?
Which crew sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon?
What book did the crew of Apollo 8 read from?
What percentage of the population of the world saw the Christmas Eve transmission?
What did the mission and Christmas provide to 1968?
What recorded in a format incompatible with broadcast TV?
Why was the Apollo TV camera not compatible with broadcast TV?
What caused NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes?
What did NASA use instead of magnetic tapes?
Who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera?
Who compiled the Apollo 11 broadcast data?
Why was the video processed to remove random noise and camera shake?
Along with tapes from Australia, CBS News, and Johnson Space Center, what was used to create the images?
Who was given the task of restoring the Apollo 11 data?
What color was the restored video in?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What is European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What is a secondary source of information that is based on the Treaties?
What are the two main bodies of the European Union's legislature?
What is European Union law?
What effects do Regulations and Directives have on the laws of European Union member states?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the two main bodies of the European Union's legislature?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What is the legislature of the European Union primarily composed of?
How many sources of European Union law are there?
Who applies European Union law?
Along with the Court of Justice of the European Union, who applies European Union law?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with case law and general principles of European Union law, what is a supplementary source of EU law?
Who applies European Union law?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with case law and general principles of European Union law, what is a supplementary source of EU law?
Who applies European Union law?
Along with the Court of Justice of the European Union, who applies European Union law?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What are some other sources of European Union law?
What are the EU's primary constitutional sources?
Who has the initiative to propose legislation?
Who elects the European Parliament?
What is the supreme judicial body that interprets EU law?
What is composed of the Prime Ministers or executive Presidents of the member states?
What is the core treaty of the EU?
What is an example of a region that the TEU specifically excludes from the jurisdiction of European Union law?
What can the Court of Justice of the European Union do?
When can individuals rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union?
When do treaties apply?
What are the core treaties of the EU?
What are two examples of territories where European Union law applies in territories where a member state is responsible for external relations?
How long do treaties apply?
Who can interpret the Treaties?
How did the Treaties that form the European Union begin?
What treaties established the formal institutions of the European Union?
When did Spain and Portugal join the EIC?
When did the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway join the EIC?
What country signed a treaty in 1985 giving it a special status?
What did the principal Treaties of the European Union begin with?
When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
When was the Single European Act signed?
When did the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway join the EIC?
When did Spain and Portugal join the EIC?
When was there an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union?
What two referenda caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to never come into force?
How similar was the substance of the treaty to the proposed constitutional treaty?
What was the formal nature of the treaty?
What did the treaty significantly do?
What happened after the Nice Treaty?
Why was there an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union?
What two referenda caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to never come into force?
What was enacted instead?
What is the main executive body of the European Union?
Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states states that who should promote the general interest of the Union?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How many commissioners are there?
Who is the current High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?
What adds that Commissioners should be "completely independent"?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
What type of vote is used to ratify proposals?
Who refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007?
Article 17(3) states that who should be "completely independent" and not "take instructions from any Government"?
What commission was censured by Parliament in 1999?
What did the European Court of Justice hold about the Commissioner giving her dentist a job?
What group found that few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
Who appoints the board?
Do the President of the Council and Commissioner have voting rights?
When was the Santer Commission censured?
What was the name of the main case that resulted in the European Court of Justice holding that a Commissioner giving a dentist a job for which he was clearly unqualified did not break any law?
Who found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
What did this lead to the creation of?
When did the Maltese government investigate John Dalli?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
Why are elected representatives deficient in practice?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
How much of a majority is required to censure a Commission?
No member of the EU can actually pass legislation without what?
Who has a monopoly on initiating legislation?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
When were the first direct elections held?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What party is the largest?
Who makes up the Council?
Who is the current president of the European Parliament?
How is voting weighted to member state size?
How many votes are there?
How many votes are there in the EU Council?
What is the second main legislative body?
How often does the European Parliament meet?
How many votes are there?
What does TEU article 16(4) and TFEU article 238(3) define this to mean?
How many MEPs must vote to block a Commission proposal?
What must the Council vote by to approve changes?
Is it easier or harder to change EU law than stay the same?
What states that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
Who believes it has the final say within the EU?
What defines the "ordinary legislative procedure" that applies for most EU acts?
Can legislation be blocked by a majority in Parliament?
What states that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
What is convened when the different institutions cannot agree on a joint text?
What branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the European Union?
How many judges are there in each member state?
Who applies most EU law?
What is the CJEU's duty?
How has the judicial branch of the EU played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the European Union?
What is the name of the tribunal that deals with EU staff issues?
How long is a president elected for?
What is the CJEU's duty?
What does the Court of Justice say has primacy?
Why did the Italian Constitutional Court give an opinion that Costa had no claim?
What years were the regulations from which the company claimed the public health inspection fee was contrary to?
Who has had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems?
When was the first major case of Costa v ENEL?
What is the name of the highest court in the EU?
What does all member states recognise takes primacy over national law?
What do EU member states not accept the Court of Justice has the final say on?
When was the European Communities Act passed?
What does this suggest the EU's legitimacy rests on?
What does the German Constitutional Court say the EU cannot override German law?
What binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
When were citizens or corporations said to not be allowed to bring claims against other non-state parties?
What actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review?
What concerns the European Union's governance structure?
In what case was it held that the provisions of the Treaties are directly effective?
What prevented the Dutch Customs Authorities from charging tariffs on urea-formaldehyde plastics?
What is Van Gend en Loos?
What are EU Regulations the same as?
What do not generally give citizens standing to sue other citizens?
How many weeks of paid holidays does the Working Time Directive require?
Most member states require more than what in national law?
When did Advocate Generals argue that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?
What happens if a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met?
How can a Directive be invoked?
How long did Ms Kücükdeveci work for Swedex?
What company did Mrs Foster bring a sex discrimination claim against?
What did British Gas plc do that caused Mrs Foster to bring a sex discrimination claim?
Who has a duty to interpret domestic law?
What did the First Company Law Directive article 11 require?
What did the Italian government do in Francovich v. Italy?
How much money was Francisovich allowed to claim in damages from the Italian government?
Who developed the principles of European Union law?
What are the accepted general principles of European Union Law?
How long has proportionality been recognized by the European Court of Justice?
Where is the principle of proportionality recognized in the EC Treaty?
What must be adopted when there is a choice between several appropriate measures?
How long has the concept of legal certainty been recognized by the European Court of Justice?
What is an important general principle of what?
What must laws which will have legal effect in the European Union have?
The doctrine of legitimate expectation has its roots in what?
Where does the European Court of Justice draw inspiration from?
What does the European Court of Justice not uphold measures which are incompatible with?
How many of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights?
Who should be prevented from violating human rights?
When was the European Convention on Human Rights established?
What court was established in 1950?
When was the European Council tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?
When was the Lisbon Treaty adopted?
What document did the Lisbon Treaty say the Union recognizes the rights, freedoms and principles of?
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has become an integral part of what?
Who enforces the Charter and the Convention in relation to European Union measures?
The Social Chapter is a chapter of what treaty?
When was the Social Chapter added to the Treaty of Amsterdam?
When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?
How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?
How many pieces of legislation did the Social Charter become the basis for?
How many member states adopted the Social Charter in 1989?
What country refused to sign the Social Charter?
What was the Social Charter included as in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty?
In what year was the Social Charter added to the Maastricht Treaty?
Why did the UK formally subscribe to the Agreement on Social Policy?
In what year was the Agreement on Social Policy formally subscribed to?
What directive required workforce consultation in businesses?
When was the Parental Leave Directive passed?
What did the 1994 Works Council Directive require?
What countries were part of the European Coal and Steel Community?
When was the European Coal and Steel Community agreement signed?
Article 65 of the agreement banned what?
What article of the agreement made provisions for concentrations, or mergers?
When were competition rules included in the Treaty of Rome?
Where does the Treaty of Lisbon prohibit anti-competitive agreements?
What doesArticle 102 prohibit?
What articles provide that a member state's right to deliver public services may not be obstructed?
What article prohibits the abuse of dominant position?
When was the concept of a "social market economy" introduced into EU law?
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
What is the goal of breaking down barriers to trade?
What was originally theorised to give way to a customs union?
Who has taken the view that the specific goals of free trade are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty for improvement of people's well being?
How is free movement of goods within the European Union achieved?
Who could not get certificates from authorities in France?
What can states be responsible for?
In what case were French farmer vigilantes sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries?
What did Austria fail to ban?
What was the minimum alcohol content of all spirits and liqueurs in Germany?
Where did Rewe-Zentrale AG want to import Cassis de Dijon?
When was the Commission v Italy case?
What was all Italian chocolate made from?
What did the Court of Justice hold infringed article 34?
Which two importers claimed that their prosecution under French competition law was unlawful?
What was the aim of the law?
In what case did the Court of Justice review Swedish bans on advertising to children under age 12?
What sets out a list of examples that count as unfair?
What did the Treaties seek?
What focused on free movement of workers as a "factor of production"?
What was free movement increasingly based on?
In what case did a German man claim the right to residence in the Netherlands?
What did the Court of Justice hold that Mr Steymann was entitled to?
What articles set out the main provisions on equal treatment of workers?
Who claimed that he should be able to transfer from R.F.C. de Liège to USL Dunkerque?
What language was required to teach in a Dublin design college?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a Dutch national was not entitled to continue receiving incapacity benefits when he moved to Belgium?
How long did Geven v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen hold that a Dutch woman living in the Netherlands but working in Germany did not have a right to receive German child benefits?
What has increasingly been seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice?
What has citizenship of the EU increased?
What case held that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students?
Along with other forms of vocational training, what has the Court required more access to?
What protects the "freedom of establishment"?
How would the requirements to be registered in Milan be allowed?
What case held that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he lacked Belgian nationality was unjustified?
What article of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union protects the "freedom of establishment"?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction?
When did a toxic waste spill off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire?
What was Spain not even having a crime against?
When did the Court of Justice rule that the Commission could not propose what the criminal sanctions could be?
When was the competence for the Union to do this contested?
What does TFEU article 56 apply to?
Why was a Dutch lawyer told he could not continue to give legal advice in Belgium?
What was controlled in all member states?
What did the Dutch health authorities consider unnecessary?
What newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands without first settling its tax bills in the UK?
What was the amount of capital required to start a company in the UK?
What was the minimum amount of capital a company in Denmark could have to start?
What could restrictions on freedom of establishment be justified by?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a German court could not deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract in Germany?
What is another name for the Amazon rainforest?
How much of the basin is covered by the rainforest?
How many nations are in the rainforest?
How many countries have "Amazonas" in their names?
How many rainforests are there on Earth?
What is the Dutch name for the Amazon rainforest?
What is the name of the moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America?
Where is the majority of Brazil's rainforest located?
How much of the planet's remaining rainforests does the Amazon represent?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon?
What type of forest is the Amazon?
How many square miles does the Amazon basin cover?
How many nations does this region include?
Where is the majority of Brazil's rainforest located?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon?
What caused the tropical rainforest to spread across the continent?
What has happened during the last 34 million years
When did the rainforest expand during the Oligocene?
When did the rainforest expand again?
Did the rainforest thrive during glacial periods?
What caused the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
What was the furthest south the rainforest extended?
What has allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
During what period did the rainforest span a relatively narrow band?
What happened during the Middle Miocene?
What event caused the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
When did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
When did it expand again?
When did it retract to a mostly inland formation?
How long have climate fluctuations allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
What direction did water on the eastern side of the Amazonas flow?
What is the name of the lake that enclosed a lake?
When did the accumulating water break through the Purus Arch?
What happened to the water when it broke through the Purus Arch?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
What body of water did water on the eastern side of the Amazonas flow toward?
What body of water did water on the west side of the Amazonas Basin flow toward?
Where did water on the west side of the island flow toward the Pacific?
What is the name of the lake that was created as the Andes Mountains rose?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split by the Purus Arch?
What is believed to have split the drainage basin of the Amazon in the mid-Eocene?
What body of water did water on the eastern side of the Amazonas flow toward?
What body of water did water on the west side of the Amazonas Basin flow toward?
What is the name of the lake that enclosed a lake?
What is LGM?
What do studies of sediment deposits from the Amazon basin paleolakes and the Amazon Fan indicate?
What do some scientists argue?
Why has this debate been difficult to resolve?
What is supported by the available data?
How many years has the Last Glacial Maximum lasted?
What are the two major changes in the Amazon rainforest?
Analyses of what from the Amazon basin paleolakes and the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin was lower than for the present?
What is the likely cause of the lower rainfall in the Amazon basin?
How many years has the Last Glacial Maximum lasted?
Analyses of what from the Amazon basin paleolakes and the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin was lower than for the present?
What type of vegetation was probably reduced in the Amazon basin during the LGM?
What do some scientists argue the rainforest was reduced to?
Why has the practical limitations of working in the rainforest made it difficult to resolve?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far does the dust travel from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Where do 27.7 million tons of dust fall over?
How much dust remains in the air?
What has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How much dust falls over the Amazon basin?
How much dust remains in the air?
How much dust falls on the Caribbean Sea?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
What is the name of the organization that runs NASA?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far does the dust travel from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust falls over the Amazon basin?
What is the name of the book that Betty Meggers wrote?
What is the maximum population density that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting?
What was impossible to sustain a large population in the Amazon rainforest?
What type of findings have suggested that the region was densely populated?
How many people lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
Why was it impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture?
Who was a prominent proponent of this idea?
What is the maximum population density that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
Who was a prominent proponent of this idea?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
What is the maximum population density that can be sustained in the rainforest?
How many people lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
What was the population of Southampton in the early 1980s?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Orellana claim that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon?
What caused the downfall of the civilization?
When have geoglyphs been discovered?
Between what years were geoglyphs discovered?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Francisco de Orellana travel the length of the Amazon River?
Between what years were geoglyphs discovered?
Who is accredited with first discovering the geoglyphs?
How long has the Amazon been shaped by man?
What is Terra preta?
Where is Terra preta distributed?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow?
In what tribe were the remains of some of the large settlements found in 2003?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe in 2003?
What is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow?
In what tribe were the remains of some of the large settlements found in 2003?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe in 2003?
What were some of the evidence of?
How many insect species are in the region?
How many of the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the region?
How many fish species live in the Amazon?
How many invertebrate species have been described in Brazil?
How many insect species are in the region?
How many birds and mammals are in the region?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the region?
How many reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region?
How many of the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many acres of Ecuadorian rainforest was found to support more than 1,100 tree species?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many tonnes of living plants can one square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass?
How many species of plants have been registered in the region?
How high is the biodiversity of plant species?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many tonnes of living plants can one square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass per hectare?
How many species of plants have been registered in the region?
What can produce an electric shock in the river?
What is the largest predatory creature in the Marshall Islands?
What type of fish is known to bite and injure humans?
What do poison dart frogs secrete through their flesh?
What type of bats can spread the rabies virus?
What is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas?
Prior to what decade was access to the forest's interior restricted?
What method of crop cultivation was used in the 1960s?
Why were the colonists unable to manage their crops?
What can be seen from outer space?
What was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
How many square kilometres of forest was lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
What did most of the lost forest become?
Where does Brazil rank in the global production of soybeans?
What percentage of land has been deforested since 1970?
Who has been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects in the Amazon?
What did the first two highways lead to?
What was the mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What has happened in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014?
How much higher was the mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What are environmentalists concerned about?
What will cause the loss of biodiversity?
What could accelerate global warming?
How much of the world's carbon is stored in Amazonian evergreen forests?
How much carbon does the Amazonian evergreen forests hold?
What conditions could cause the Amazon rainforest to become unsustainable?
What causes climate change in the Amazon?
By what year does a computer model show that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable?
When could the rainforest be threatened by climate change?
What could threaten the rainforest in the 21st century?
What continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide?
Along with ethno-biology, what type of conservation efforts have gained increased attention?
What are the causes of the destruction of indigenous territories?
Which indigenous people continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories?
What type of indigenous peoples have the relationship between non-human primates and subsistence?
What is being used by the indigenous tribes to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests?
What tribe uses Google Earth to map out their ancestral lands?
Where do the Trio Tribe live?
Why do the Trio Tribe map their ancestral lands?
Why are the indigenous tribes of the basin using remote sensing?
What stage of the Amazon's forest is crucial to map its biomass?
What does the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the forest help map?
Who organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories in 2006?
When did Kuplich organize the trees of the Amazon?
What did the researcher use to place the different portions of the Amazon into one of the four classifications?
In what year did parts of the Amazon basin experience the worst drought in one hundred years?
What is the name of the institute that argued that the drought and deforestation are pushing the rainforest towards a tipping point?
Along with the drought, what is the other factor that scientists say is pushing the rainforest towards a tipping point?
What type of land is the forest on the brink of becoming?
Who reported that the forest could survive only three years of drought?
When did the Amazon rainforest experience another severe drought?
How many square miles of rainforest was affected in 2005?
How many epicenters did the 2010 drought have?
In what year did the Amazon experience a severe drought?
How much carbon dioxide does the Amazon absorb in a typical year?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
Where do comb jellies live?
What is the range of sizes of annelids?
What is Ctenophora?
What is the most distinctive feature of annelids?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What is the largest size of an adult annelid?
What is the most distinctive feature of annelids?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
What is the largest size of an adult annelid?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What are the Greek words for comb jellies?
Where do comb jellies live?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
How many species have been validated?
How many species have not been fully described and named?
How many species have been validated?
What are little tentacles called?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are tentilla?
What do coastal beroids use as teeth?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are little tentacles called?
What do coastal beroids use as teeth?
What are sticky cells that capture prey called?
How many species have been validated?
Are all species hermaphrodites?
What do most species of planktonic young look like?
Are juveniles capable of reproduction before reaching adult size?
What is a hermaphrodites?
What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?
What type of hermaphrodites are in which the eggs and sperm mature at different times?
What type of eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies?
What enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What is a simultaneous hermaphrodite?
What is a sequential hermaphrodites?
What type of eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies?
What type of annelids have small mouths and no tentacles?
Where was Mnemiopsis accidentally introduced?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What other factors aggravated the Mnemiopsis population?
What does Beroe preys on?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What did Mnemiopsis eat that would otherwise have fed the fish?
Where do ctenophores occur in high numbers?
Where do ctenophores occur in high numbers?
What are phytoplankton?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What is Mnemiopsis blamed for?
What helped to mitigate the problem?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
About how long ago were the early Cambrian fossils found?
What are ctenophores without?
About how long ago were the early Cambrian fossils found?
After what event did all the modern ctenophores appear?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
What are ctenophores without?
Jellyfish, sea anemones, etc. are about as complex as what?
How are ctenophores distinguished from all other animals?
What group of animals are ctenophores less complex than?
What is an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
Jellyfish, sea anemones, etc. are about as complex as what?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What types of sponge have carpet-like basement membranes?
What group of animals are ctenophores less complex than?
What is the jelly-like material in ctenophores called?
What are ctenophores and cnidarians traditionally labelled?
What have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly like material?
Along with cnidarians, ctenophores are similar to what type of animal?
What do ctenophores use as their main method of locomotion?
What do ctenophores use cilia for?
What are the bands of cilia that are stacked along the comb rows called?
What does the name "ctenophora" mean?
Along with Beroe and Mnemiopsis, what is the name of the coastal genera?
What type of species are so fragile that it is very difficult to capture them intact for study?
What do coastal species need to be tough enough to do?
What are the three coastal genera?
What is the gastrodermis?
What do photocytes produce?
What is another name for the throat?
What does the internal cavity form?
What are the most active parts of an annelid?
What are the comb rows on the outer surface called?
What are "combs" also called?
What is the extra compact filament of cilia and flagella suspected to have?
Where do ctenophores usually swim?
How long are the cilia in the comb?
What do some species rely on to adapt to water of different densities?
Where do ciliary rosettes in the body cavity pump this into?
What do the ciliary rosettes pump into the mesoglea to do?
What may the rosettes do to reduce the volume and increase the density of the mesoglea?
What is the largest single sensory feature?
Where is the aboral organ?
What protects the statocyst?
What is the main component of a balance sensor?
What is a statocyst?
What is a common coastal ctenophore?
What is on the opposite sides of a annelid's body?
What shape do ctenophores have?
Where are the tentacles of annelids housed?
Where is the mouth of Pleurobrachia located?
What are the tentacles of cydippid ctenophores typically fringed with?
What are colloblasts?
What does the tentilla of Euplokamis differ from other cydippids?
How many types of movement do euplokamis' tentilla have?
What are the three types of movement used for?
How many rows of combs are there?
Where do the combs run?
How are the combs spaced?
What runs out under the dome and splits to connect with two adjacent comb rows?
What are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth?
What are auricles?
How many species of lobates have how many auricles?
What do the water currents produced by the four auricles do?
What do lobates feed on?
How can Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis escape from danger?
What happens to lobates when they clap their lobes?
Lobates' combs are coordinated by what?
What do lobates' combs not move by?
What is another name for the Beroida?
What is another name for Nuda?
What does the narrow strips of cells on the stomach wall do?
What do the adhesive cells on the stomach wall do when the animal is not feeding?
What is just inside the large mouth and filling most of the saclike body?
What are ribbon-shaped planktonic animals?
What is the largest ctenophores?
What are Cestida?
How can cestids swim?
What can move much faster in a "darting motion"?
What is on the aboral surface of Platyctenida?
What do annelids do by everting the pharynx?
What do all but one of the known platyctenid species lack?
Where do Platyctenids live?
How are eggs and sperm released?
What do platyctenids use?
Self-fertilization has occasionally been seen in species of what genus?
Where are the gonads located?
What type of fertilization do platyctenids use?
What do juveniles in the genus Beroe lack?
Where do platyctenids live?
When do platyctenids attain the adult form?
How do the juveniles of platyctenids behave?
In what genus do juveniles lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths?
When some species are disturbed, what do they do?
When do some species produce secretions?
What are secretions produced by Bathyctena chuni?
Do juveniles or adults luminesce more brightly?
Are all ctenophores predators?
What do members of the genus Haeckelia prey on?
What do members of the genus Haeckelia do with their prey's nematocysts?
What type of prey does Bolinopsis generally feed on?
What is the name of the two-tentacled "cydippid" that feeds exclusively on salps?
Why were ctenophores regarded as "dead ends"?
What type of fish digest ctenophores 20 times as fast as an equal weight of shrimps?
What is often difficult to identify in the guts of possible predators?
Where did herbivorous fishes deliberately feed on gelatinous zooplankton during blooms?
What do jellyfish and turtles eat?
What was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov in the late 1980s?
How was the Western Atlantic ctenophore accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
How were Mnemiopsis populations brought under control?
When was the Western Atlantic ctenophore accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What did the cooling of the local climate do to the animal?
Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils?
What could the Ediacaran Eoandromeda represent?
In what period was the Burgess Shale found?
How many species were found in the Burgess Shale?
What did all three species of annelids have in common?
How long ago was Stromatoveris dated?
What type of fossil is dated to about 515 million years ago?
What is the name of the early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil?
What is Stromatoveris similar to?
What is Vendobionta similar to?
Ctenophores are considered to be the sister lineage to what?
What is an example of a major animal lineages?
What ctenophores do not have cydippid-like larvae?
What did Harbison conclude that the cydippids are not?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
Who concluded that the cydippids are not monophyletic?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
How far is it from Los Angeles?
What does Fresno mean in Spanish?
What is featured on the city's flag?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
In what year did the Central Pacific Railroad establish a station near Easterby's?
Why did many Millerton residents move to the new community?
When did Fresno become an incorporated city?
How many streetcars did the Fresno Traction Company operate in 1931?
What grew around the station?
What percentage of Fresno's population was Asian in 1940?
Along with Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy and Little Italy, what was a notable ethnic neighborhood in Fresno before World War II?
Where was the Pinedale Assembly Center?
What was the Pinedale Assembly Center?
What was the Fresno Fairgrounds used for?
What was the name of the new product that Bank of America launched in Fresno?
What was the name of the new product that Bank of America launched in Fresno?
What did BankAmericard allow cardholders to do?
In what year was BankAmericard renamed?
What is the current name of BankAmericard?
Who wrote the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Who recorded the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Where did Aken grow up?
Where did Aken make his first TV appearance?
Who adopted Aken?
How many large public parks does Fresno have?
What park is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo?
What is the largest park in the Fresno region?
What is the name of the Japanese Gardens in Woodward Park?
What is the largest park in the Fresno region?
When did Downtown Fresno flourish?
What were the original names of the buildings that were demolished?
What is the current name of the Grand 1401?
What was the name of the hotel that was burned down?
When was Fulton Street converted into a pedestrian mall?
What is the name of the area that contains the densest collection of historic buildings in Fresno?
What is the only public art piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch?
Where will the public art pieces be placed?
What will be added to the street to continue with the pedestrian friendly environment?
Where is Sunnyside located?
What are the major thoroughfares of the city?
During what time period did the area experience a surge in new home construction?
What is the name of the neighborhood on Fresno's far southeast side?
Who designed the Sunnyside Country Club?
What is included on the National List of Historic Places?
When was the theater built?
What is the name of the theater's landmark?
What was the original name of California State University at Fresno?
How far is the Tower District from Fresno City College?
When did the Tower Theatre reopen?
What type of movies did the Tower Theatre show?
When did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players open?
Where was Audra McDonald from?
What two musicals did Audra McDonald perform in?
Along with restaurants and nightclubs, what type of theater is in the neighborhood?
How close are the shops and bookstores in the neighborhood?
What area has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses?
What area has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses?
What area has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses?
What type of homes have been restored in recent decades?
What type of houses were designed by Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler?
How does the Tower District compare with the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl?
When have many of the homes in the area been restored?
What is the name of the section between First Street on the west and Cedar Avenue on the east?
Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract?
When did developers Billings & Meyering acquire the tract?
How many homes did the tract have a half decade later?
What company provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital?
What is another name for the West Side of Fresno?
In what direction does the neighborhood lie from the 99 freeway?
What community is the center of Fresno's?
Along with Mexican-American and Asian-American, what is a notable Asian American population?
What is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city?
Who is Kearney Boulevard named after?
What is Kearney Boulevard lined with?
Between what streets was Kearney Boulevard used to be the preferred neighborhood for Fresno's elite African-American families?
What is the name of the section of the West Side that was given the name by the Fresno City Council?
What is the "Dogg Pound"?
When were the public housing developments built?
On what streets is a modern shopping center being built?
What two companies have large processing facilities in the neighborhood?
On what side of the city is the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport?
How much retail activity does the neighborhood have?
Who founded Woodward Park?
How many acres does the park now have?
How many people can be seated in the amphitheatre?
How long will the Lewis S. Eaton trail system be?
When is the park open?
When was Sierra Sky Park Airport formed?
Who created the nation's first planned aviation community?
What is the name of the airport that was formed in 1946?
Along with personal aircraft, what type of vehicles were allowed to share roads in Sierra Sky Park Airport?
How many aviation communities are there today?
What type of summers does Fresno have?
What is the warmest month?
What is the average annual precipitation?
Most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from what direction?
When is there an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics?
What is the record high temperature for Fresno?
On what date did Fresno set the record low temperature?
In what year was the most rainfall in 24 hours 3.55 inches?
What was the heaviest snowfall at the airport in 1962?
What was the most rainfall in 24 hours?
What was the population of Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's population is white?
How many Native Americans are there?
What percentage of the population was non-Hispanic Whites in 2010?
What was the population density per square mile?
How many households had children under the age of 18 living in them?
What percentage of households had a female householder with no husband present?
How many same-sex married couples were there?
What was the average family size?
What was the average household size?
How many people lived in Atlantic City in 2000?
How many housing units were there?
What percentage of the city is black or African American?
How much of the population is Hmong?
What was the population density of the city?
Why did the Federal Communications Commission decide that Fresno would only have UHF television stations?
What was the first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting?
When did KMJ-TV begin broadcasting?
What is KMJ now known as?
What is the CBS affiliate in Fresno?
What is the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley?
What is State Route 168?
What road comes into Fresno from Atascadero in the south?
In what direction does State Route 180 come from?
What is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway?
When was the Interstate Highway System created?
What is the current State Route that is now Interstate 5?
Why has there been a lot of discussion to upgrade SR 99 to interstate standards?
What is the name of the train line that provides passenger rail service?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot?
What railroads cross in Fresno?
What railroad operates former Southern Pacific branchlines out of the city?
In what city is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot located?
What did Paul Baran develop in the late 1950s?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
Why was the Bell System so successful?
Who is credited with coining the modern name packet switching?
What did Paul Baran develop?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
Who is credited with coining the modern name packet switching?
Packet switching contrasts with what principal networking paradigm?
How is circuit switching characterized?
How is packet switching characterized?
Packet switching contrasts with what principal networking paradigm?
What is circuit switching?
How is circuit switching characterized?
How is packet switching characterized?
How canacket mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
What happens in case of a shared physical medium?
How canacket mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
What happens in case of a shared physical medium?
What did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation?
What did Baran develop the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching into?
What is one of the three key ideas of the work?
What is one of the three key ideas that the work focuses on?
What did Report P-2626 describe?
How are messages delivered?
What concept did Baran develop?
What is one of the three key ideas the work focuses on?
What did Donald Davies do?
What was the more accessible name for the network he proposed to build?
What did he propose to build?
Where was Roberts' work suggested for?
Who developed the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What was the more accessible name for the network he proposed to build?
What did Lawrence Roberts do with the ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles?
What happens in connectionless mode?
How are packets routed?
How is each packet labeled?
What happens at the destination?
What is different for different packets?
What does routing a packet require?
What do the packets include?
What does connection-oriented transmission require?
What do both X.25 and Frame Relay provide?
What has happened to X.25?
What has happened to Frame Relay?
What is a typical configuration?
When did ARPANET and SITA HLN become operational?
What were the differences between the hosts at the edge and the network core?
What does the network guarantee?
What is an example of a datagram protocol?
What was AppleTalk?
What did AppleTalk include?
What did the AppleTalk system do?
What kind of system was it?
What was the name of the French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin?
What was the first network to do?
How was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
Concepts of this network influenced what?
What is DECnet?
What was DECnet originally released for?
How many layers did the networking protocol initially have?
Were DECnet Phase II and later open standards?
What was the purpose of the first commercial online service?
What was the purpose of GE's computer time-sharing service?
What was Sinback's job?
Why did Kemney decide to create a time-sharing system?
Why wasMerit Network, Inc. formed?
When was an interactive host to host connection made?
What was added to the network over the next several years?
What was Telenet?
Who founded ARPANET?
What was the purpose of the ARPA IPTO?
What did it change the host interface to?
What happened to Telenet in 1979?
What was Tymnet?
What was the purpose of Tymnet?
How are users typically connected?
What did the private network business allow?
How were private networks connected to the public network?
What were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface?
Who developed DATAPAC?
How could a user or host call a host on a foreign network?
What was AUSTPAC?
What did AUSTPAC do?
How can you connect to the network?
What was Datanet 1?
How did Datanet 1 refer to the network?
What did Datanet 1 refer to?
What caused the confusion?
What is CSNET?
What was the purpose of the ARPANET?
What did it play a significant role in?
What is Internet2?
Who built the first Internet2 Network?
What was the name of the first Internet2 Network?
What did Internet2 announce in 2006?
What happened in October of 2007?
What does NSFNET stand for?
What was the goal of NSFNET?
How did the NSF-funded supercomputing centers impact the internet?
What does vBNS stand for?
What was the purpose of the vBNS?
How was the network engineered and operated?
How many universities did the vBNS connect in 1998?
What did vBNS do
Where is the Black Death thought to have originated?
Where did the Black Death begin?
How much of Europe's population was killed by the Black Death?
When did the world population as a whole recover to pre-plague levels?
How long did the plague recurred occasionally in Europe?
What is enzootic?
What are the dates of the graves near Lake Issyk Kul?
Along with India and India, what country could the plague have spread to?
When did famine start?
How many Chinese and other Asians died during the 15 years before the plague reached Constantinople?
Who first introduced the plague to Europe?
Who led the Mongol army during the siege?
What did the Mongol army catapult over the city walls of Kaffa?
Along with the south of Europe, where did the plague spread to?
What are some conditions that may have contributed to the severity of the Black Death?
Where did the disease spread from Italy?
Where did it spread to in 1351?
Where was the plague less common?
Where did the disease spread east from Italy?
When was it introduced in Norway?
What did the plague lead to in the Middle East?
When did the plague reach Alexandria in Egypt?
How did the plague reach Alexandria?
What did the city's residents do?
Who claimed that the Latin name atra mors first appeared in modern times in 1631?
What is the Latin name for the 14th-century epidemic?
Who wrote a book on Danish history in 1631?
When was the Black Death first called the "Black Death"?
Along with Germany, where did the name of the 14th century epidemic begin to spread?
What did the medical faculty blame for the pestilence in the air?
Who did the medical faculty in Paris report their findings to?
What theory became the most widely accepted?
What is the name of the theory that is known as today?
What does the plague theory attribute the Black Death to?
Where did scientists begin their investigation of the 19th century plague?
Who was one of the scientists who visited Hong Kong in 1894?
What was established in 1898?
What was the bubonic plague mechanism dependent on?
Who wrote about the 'Great Pestilence'?
What did Francis Aidan Gasquet think the 'Great Pestilence' was?
When was the second edition of the Black Death published?
What did he implicate in the second edition of the Black Death?
What is an example of an ancient and medieval plague that Avicenna's work was widely accepted for?
What is the mortality rate of the modern bubonic plague?
What is the temperature range of the modern bubonic plague?
What percentage of people who contract the bubonic plague die within eight days?
What is the mortality rate of pneumonic plague?
What is a symptom of disseminated intravascular coagulation?
When was the paper published?
What was the purpose of the paper published in 2010?
How did they assess the presence of DNA/RNA?
Where did the researchers find Y. pestis?
What does the study of Y. pestis show?
What are clades?
What are the modern isolates of the modern Y. pestis strains?
What does the finding of these clades suggest?
When did the first variant of the plague enter Europe?
When did the plague reach England?
What has happened to the results of the Haensch study?
What burial site did Schuenemann use?
What may no longer exist?
When was the genome of Y. pestis sequenced?
Who challenged the plague theory in 1970?
What did Shrewsbury say about the 14th century plague?
What did Shrewsbury conclude in 1970?
What did Graham Twigg produce in 1984?
Who was the author of the 2002 book that questioned the identity of the Black Death?
What is as important as an identification of symptoms?
Why are researchers hampered by?
How much did the population of England vary at the start of the plague?
From whom are estimates of plague victims usually extrapolated from?
When was there no census in England?
What do sceptics argue to account for a bubonic plague pandemic?
What is the significance of transference via fleas in goods?
Why are there no accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague?
Was the spread of the Black Death faster or slower than that of the bubonic plague?
How long did the Black Death's outbreaks last?
What did Twigg suggest the cause was?
What did Norman Cantor think the cause was?
Along with bubonic plague, what other diseases are believed to have caused the pandemic?
What is septicemic?
How many bodies were exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London?
What is the most widely accepted estimate for the death rate of the Middle East during the Black Death?
How much of Paris's population died?
What do the findings of a burial pit in Central London suggest?
What percentage of the population could die in a crowded city?
What areas were less vulnerable to contagion?
When did the plague repeatedly return to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean?
According to Biraben, how often was the plague present in Europe between 1346 and 1671
How many people did France lose to the plague in 1628-31?
What did historians propose in England in 1300?
When did the Black Death end in England?
What percentage of the population was affected by the plague in 1471?
When did the Great Plague of London end?
How many people died of the plague in Paris in 1466?
Where did the Black Death begin?
What was the name of the Plague of 1629-1631?
When was the last plague outbreak in Oslo?
How many times did plague occur in Venice?
How many people died from the plague in Italy?
How many people died from the plague in Naples in 1656?
What did the plague of 1649 do to the population of Seville?
What was the Great Northern War?
When did Europe's last major epidemic occur?
When was plague present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year?
How many inhabitants did Algiers lose in 1620-21?
How long did plague remain a major event in Ottoman society?
How much of Baghdad's population has been wiped out?
Where does a rock crystallize from?
What is another name for a sedimentary rock?
What is formed when an igneous rock is re-melted?
What are the three major types of rock?
What changes the mineral content of the rock that gives it a characteristic fabric?
What was the most important of the discoveries in the 1960s?
What does the lithosphere include?
What is the name of the plastically deforming, solid upper mantle?
The oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of what?
When was seafloor spreading discovered?
What are mid-ocean ridges explained as?
What is it called when one plate subducts under another?
What caused the San Andreas fault system to cause large earthquakes?
Plate tectonics provided a mechanism for whose theory of continental drift?
What does the lithosphere move over in the theory of plate tectonics?
What can seismologists use in reverse to image the interior of the Earth?
What is the top of the layered model of the Earth?
What is below the crust and lithosphere on the layered model of the Earth?
What have seismologists been able to create detailed images of?
What is below the mantle in the layered model?
What does the second scale show?
What is a short period with short epochs?
What is the latest epoch?
What does Q stand for?
What pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?
If a fault penetrates some formations but not the ones on top of it, the ones that are not cut must be what?
What may help determine if a fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault?
If a fault penetrates some formations but not the ones on top of them, the formations that were cut must be what?
A similar situation with igneous rocks occurs when what is found?
What are foreign bodies picked up as?
What is another term for inclusions?
What states that sedimentary rocks must be older than the formation that contains them?
What can be ripped up and added to a newer layer of sedimentary rocks?
What is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
Who laid out the principles of succession?
How does the principle of fossilization become?
What can be used to provide a relative age of the formations?
Whose theory of evolution was based on principles laid out by William Smith?
When was the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events using radioactive isotopes and other methods?
Along with fossils, what can geologists use to date sections of rock?
What did isotopic dates make it possible to assign to rock units?
What did geologists use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock?
What could isotopic dates be applied to in which there was datable material?
What can be used to determine temperature profiles within the crust?
What is the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice?
What is measured in minerals?
What can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units which do not contain radioactive isotopes?
What causes rock units to shorten and become thicker?
Where can brittle deformation occur?
What does the material in the center of the fold buckles upwards create?
What does the material in the center of the fold buckles downwards create?
What are the tops of the rock units within the folds called if they remain pointing upwards?
What causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner?
What is the French word for "sausage"?
Where can the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon be seen over a length of less than a meter?
What happens to rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched?
How is this accomplished?
What is the term for long, planar igneous intrusions that enter along cracks?
Where do dikes often form in large numbers?
Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of what?
What maintains the topographic gradient?
What is often associated with volcanism and igneous activity?
What does the Hawaiian Islands consist of?
What is the oldest known rock in the world?
The sedimentary sequences of the mid-continental United States and the Grand Canyon contain almost-undeformed stacks of what?
Since what time have the sedimentary rocks remained in place in the US and the Grand Canyon?
Where is the Acasta gneiss located?
What is petrology?
What is stratigraphy?
What is structural geology?
Along with rivers, landscapes, and glaciers, what do geologists study?
What do petrologists do in the field?
What are some properties of minerals that can be identified in plane-polarized and cross- polarized light?
Stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into what?
Where do petrologists identify rock samples?
What type of microscope is used in an optical mineralogy analysis?
Along with temperature experiments, what type of experiments can be performed to understand mineral phases?
What can be used to understand the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear?
Along with igneous and metamorphic processes, how do mineral phases change?
What type of geologist uses microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists use to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do they do with measurements of geological structures?
What type of experiments do they perform?
What are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries?
What are some of the most well-known experiments in structural geology?
What is pulled along a lower surface into a back stop?
What is a critically tapered orogenic wedge?
What type of model can include patterns of erosion and uplift in the mountain belt?
Who analyzes samples of stratigraphic sections?
Stratigraphers also analyze data from what?
What can be combined to produce a better view of the subsurface?
What do stratigraphers often use to get a better view of the subsurface?
Stratigraphers can locate areas for what?
Why do geochronologists date rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Who analyzes rock samples in the laboratory?
Who looks for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock?
Who precisely dates rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Where do some modern scholars believe the origin of the science of geology can be traced to?
Who was one of the earliest Persian geologists?
Who formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation?
Who proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains, the origin of earthquakes and other topics central to modern geology?
What did Shen Kuo base his hypothesis on?
Who is often viewed as the first modern geologist?
What was the title of the paper presented to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1785?
When did Hutton publish a two-volume version of his ideas?
What did Von Neumann explain in his paper?
Who created the first geological map of the US?
When was the first geological map of the US produced?
In what year did Maclure begin a geological survey of the United States?
What was the name of the memoir that Von Neumann submitted to the American Philosophical Society?
To what group were the results of his unaided labours submitted?
What was the name of Sir Charles Lyell's first book?
What doctrine did On the Origin of Species promote?
What doctrine did On the Origin of Species promote?
What is the theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events and remained unchanged thereafter?
Who did the book of uniformitarianism influence?
How far is Newcastle from Edinburgh?
How far from the North Sea is Newcastle?
Newcastle is a member of what network of European cities?
Newcastle was part of what county until 1400?
What is the regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area?
Who built the castle?
What trade was the city important for in the 14th century?
What type of mining did the city become a major producer of?
When did the port develop?
What is the world's most popular half marathon?
What was the first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle?
What river was Pons Aelius across?
What was the population of Pons Aelius at this time?
Fragments of what wall are still visible in parts of Newcastle?
The Vallum was built to prevent unwanted immigration and the incursion of what tribes from the north?
What was Newcastle's northern fortress?
Who granted the city a new charter in 1589?
How high was the wall built around the town?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174?
How many times was Newcastle successfully defended against the Scots during the 14th century?
What did the royal act restrict all shipments of from Tyneside to Newcastle?
What was the name of the Newcastle burgesses that had a monopoly in the coal trade?
What does the phrase itself mean?
What was Timothy Dexter regarded as?
What were merchants planning to do with the shipment of coal to Newcastle?
Along with keelmen, who lived in the Sandgate area?
What were keels?
How many people died of plague in Newcastle in the 1630s?
What percentage of the population of Newcastle died from the epidemic?
What type of loss did the epidemic of 1636 have in Newcastle?
Who did the North declare for?
What was the name of Cromwell's allies?
How did Cromwell's allies storm the city with?
What does the phrase "Fortiter Defendit Triumphans" mean?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646-7?
What did the revolution of the city result in?
What was the largest pottery company in the world?
Newcastle was one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by what?
 shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to what in the 19th century?
What invention led to the revolution of marine propulsion?
What type of street layout does Newcastle still retain?
What can only be traversed by foot?
What remains from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre?
What type of buildings are in Close, Sandhill and Quayside?
What is located at the House of Tides?
What is the name of the neoclassical centre in the city?
What did Stuart Maconie call Newcastle?
What street did Nikolaus Pevsner call one of the finest in England?
When was a portion of Grainger Town demolished?
What was the name of the shopping center that was built in Grainger Town?
What is the name of the green space in Newcastle that lies immediately north of the city centre?
What do the freemen of the city have the right to do on it?
What is the largest travelling funfair in Europe?
When is the Hoppings funfair held?
Who has the right to graze cattle on it?
What has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments?
Who commissioned the Gateshead Millennium Bridge?
Who designed The Sage Gateshead music center?
Why did Newcastle and Gateshead link together?
How many days was the temporary Bambuco Bridge in 2008?
What is the historic heart of Newcastle?
When was Grainger Market built?
How high are most of these buildings?
How many of Grainger Town's buildings are listed?
What was the name of the market that was originally built in 1808?
When was the Grainger Market opened?
How many people attended the grand dinner?
What did the Laing Art Gallery have of the event?
What organization is responsible for this?
What type of climate is Newcastle?
What is the influence of the Gulf Stream on Newcastle's climate?
What type of weather is in the shadow of the North Pennines?
When did the temperature drop to −12.6 degrees Celsius?
Newcastle's winters and summers are similar to the rest of what?
In what year was Newcastle ranked ninth in the retail centre expenditure league of the UK?
What is the largest shopping center in the UK?
What was the world's first department store?
How did the Bainbridge's report revenue?
In what year did the new bus station open?
Grainger Street and the area around Grey's Monument are examples of what type of destination?
Gosforth and Byker are the largest shopping areas in what type of area?
What is the largest store in the United Kingdom?
What is the largest indoor shopping center in Europe?
Where is the MetroCentre located?
What was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly?
What were Tyneside flats built as?
Where has a new development recreated them?
What is Cany Ash's profession?
What were architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula attracted by?
What was the proportion of detached homes in the 2010 Census?
What was the percentage of converted or shared houses in 2011?
What type of markets are Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tunbridge Wells?
In terms of housing stock, the authority is one of few of what to see the proportion of detached homes rise in 2010 Census?
Along with Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Hastings, what local authority has an overinflated housing market?
In what year did the UK Government return the census information for Newcastle?
What borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000 in 2001?
Newcastle is home to a large population of what type of population?
Newcastle and Northumbria are home to what type of universities?
Jesmond and Heaton are areas with predominant what?
What is the average age of people living in Newcastle?
Many people in the city have Scottish or Irish what?
Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Kerr, Hall, Nixon, Little and Robson are examples of what surnames?
How many Bolivians live in Newcastle?
What percentage of Newcastle's population is Bolivian?
What is the dialect of Newcastle called?
The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the language spoken by whom?
How much of the old language does the Geordie dialect retain?
What type of word is pronounced "deed"?
What does "burn" mean?
Where did the Geordie words "Bairn" and "hyem" originate from?
Where are some words used in the Geordie dialect found?
In what language are the words "bonny" and "stot" used?
What is used exclusively in Newcastle and the surrounding area?
From what language is the word "hoy" derived?
What was published in February 2007?
In a report published in February 2007, Newcastle was named as what type of city?
What was the average level of decibels?
What type of long-term impact did the report claim the noise levels would have on the health of the city?
What was one of the locations that was criticized for not having pedestrian access?
What is the 'Diamond Strip'?
What type of complex is The Gate?
How many screens are in the Empire multiplex cinema?
What is the name of Newcastle's gay scene?
What does The Pink Triangle have?
What has the city had a proud history of?
Who managed the original Theatre Royal, Newcastle for 15 years?
What seasons did Stephen Kemble guide the theatre through?
In what year was the original Theatre Royal opened?
What is the name of the street that was demolished to make way for it?
What is still present in the city?
What is the largest theater on Grey Street?
What company has hosted a season of performances at the theater for over 25 years?
Other venues feature what?
NewcastleGateshead was voted what in 2006?
What is the largest independent library outside London?
How many CDs does the library contain?
Who designed the current Lit and Phil premises?
What was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
Who gave the first lecture to be lit by electric light?
What is the name of the beer festival that takes place in April?
In what month is the Evolution Festival held?
How often is the AV Festival held?
What do you do at the festival?
How many weeks does the festival run?
What is the largest travelling fair in Europe?
When does The Hoppings take place?
What movement started the race week in the 1880s?
What is the Northern Rock Cyclone?
What is the name of the parade held in Leazes Park?
What is the name of the multicultural event held on the late August bank holiday weekend?
Where will the 2009 event be held?
What is the name of the annual festival in October?
What is the SAMA Festival?
What city holds an annual International Arts Fair?
What type of music is Lindisfarne?
When was Fog on the Tyne released?
What is the name of the black metal band that was formed in Newcastle in 1979?
What is the name of the first folk metal band?
What band was Andy Taylor the lead guitarist of?
When was the Pilgrim Street building refurbished?
Where did the cinema move to during the refurbishment?
How many cinemas are on the site?
What is the name of the last remaining news cinema still in full-time operation?
What type of extension contains the Tyneside Bar?
What is the name of the Science Village in Newcastle?
What does the Discovery Museum focus on?
What type of heritage is featured in the Discovery Museum?
When did the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities merge with the Great North Museum?
What is the name of the museum dedicated to children's books?
What is the earliest known movie featuring exterior scenes?
What 1971 film was shot in and around Newcastle?
What type of film was Stormy Monday?
Who directed the film Stormy Monday?
Along with Tommy Lee Jones, Melanie Griffith and Sean Bean, who starred in the film Stormy Monday?
Where is Newcastle's horse racing course?
What is the name of the basketball team in Newcastle?
What is the name of the city's speedway team?
Where are the Newcastle Diamonds based?
What is the name of the road race from Newcastle to Blaydon?
How far is Newcastle International Airport from the city centre?
How is it connected to the city?
How long does it take to travel from Newcastle to the city centre?
How many passengers does the airport handle per year?
How many destinations are available worldwide?
What type of architecture was enhanced?
How many Grade One listed railway stations are there in the UK?
What architecture was added to the public portico?
Who designed the station's facade?
What is the name of the other mainline station?
How often does Virgin Trains East Coast provide trains to London King's Cross?
What is the journey time to London King's Cross for Virgin Trains East Coast?
Where do all trains on the train line to Scotland call?
What train line serves destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands, and the South West?
What provides local and regional services?
What is the name of the railway system that serves the city?
How many phases did the system open in?
What type of tunnels were constructed through Newcastle city centre?
What was built across the Tyne in 1981?
How many passengers does the network carry each year?
What is the name of the program that has replaced all ticket machines?
The introduction of ticket gates is part of the transition to what?
What is being overhauled?
What is one of the long term plans?
Several of the proposed routes would require what?
What is the name of the major road in the area?
What is the name of the road that becomes the A68?
What is the A167?
What was renumbered between the Western Bypass and the Tyne Tunnel?
What was increased in November 2011?
How many main bus companies are there in Southampton?
How many major bus stations are there in the city?
Along with Arriva North East and Go North East, what is the other bus company in Southampton?
What does Nexus stand for?
What bus line operates from Eldon Square Bus Station?
When was Newcastle's cycling strategy first developed?
What is one of the local council's social aims and objectives for cycling?
What type of living does cycling promote?
What type of streets does the authority want to innovate and implement contraflows on?
What does the authority want to link the local networks to?
Who runs a service to IJmuiden?
When did DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg stop?
Why did DFDS stop ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden?
When was DFDS ferry service to Bergen and Stavanger terminated?
What cruise line has included Newcastle as a departure port since 2007?
How many LEA funded schools are in Newcastle?
How many independent schools are in Newcastle?
What is the largest co-ed independent school in Southampton?
What is the largest general further education college in the North East?
What religion is St. Mary's Comprehensive School?
How many universities does the city have?
What is the name of the university in Newcastle?
What award did Imperial win in 2000?
What was the process that led to the creation of Northumbria University?
Along with Newcastle University, what is the other university in the city?
How many cathedrals does Newcastle have?
When was the Anglican St. Nicholas built?
What type of cathedral is located in Fenham?
What is the name of the only parish church in the Church of England without a parish?
All three cathedrals began their lives as what?
What is the oldest church in this town?
When was the last addition to the building?
What was the last addition to the building?
What is the last of what to retain its original character?
What received a battering during the Siege of Newcastle?
Where was ITV Tyne Tees based?
What did the company move to in 2005?
What gave the name to The Tube?
Why is the Pink Palace known?
What is the name of the local radio station that broadcasts Look North?
What was the name of the first community radio station in the area?
What is the name of the radio station run by students from both of the city's universities?
How long has Radio Tyneside been broadcasting?
What radio station is based at the Great North Children's Hospital?
Where does Newcastle Student Radio broadcast from?
When did Charles Avison die?
What was Basil Hume's position?
Who was the father of the modern steam railways?
What did Sir Joseph Swan invent?
Where was Abhisit Vejjajiva born?
Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of what school?
Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer were born in Newcastle and are what?
What award did Peter Higgs win?
What is the most characteristic musical instrument in the region?
Where did Eric Burdon live?
Where is the V&A located?
How many objects does the V&A have?
When was the Royal Institute founded?
What was the name of the Royal Institute?
What borough is the V&A located in?
When was the Royal Institute founded?
Who was the Royal Institute named after?
Who sponsors the museum?
Since what year has the museum been free?
How many acres does the V&A cover?
How many galleries does the V&A have?
How many years of art does the Royal Institute's collection span?
What cultures are included in the collection of the Royal Institute?
What type of art does the museum have the world's largest collection of?
The V&A has its origins in what event?
Who was the first director of the V&A?
What was the original name of the V&A?
Where did the V&A open in September of 1852?
Who produced a design for the museum?
Who was the official opening of the Royal Institute in 1857?
When was Queen Victoria's official opening?
Who was the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection?
What was introduced in the year after gas lighting was used?
When did the Royal College of Art achieve full independence?
When was the Britain Can Make It exhibition held?
How many people visited the Britain Can Make It exhibition?
What did the success of the exhibition lead to?
What did the success of the exhibition lead to?
By what year had most of the collections been returned to the museum?
What did the V&A first present in 1973?
What was the name of the British progressive folk-rock band that performed at the V&A?
Who was responsible for bringing young people to museums?
What did Gryphon explore?
In what city is the V&A in discussion to open a new £43 million gallery?
What was the estimated cost of the gallery project in 2015?
Where will the V&A Dundee be located?
What is the focus of the V&A Dundee?
When is it planned that it could open?
What was the name of the house that occupied the land before the V&A Museum of Childhood?
What is the name of the first building to be erected in the garden?
Who was the architect of the Royal Engineers?
What is the name of the building that houses the offices and board room?
What does the Secretariat Wing house?
What was the name of the galleries that covered India, China and Japan?
What style was adopted for the north façade of the museum?
Who designed the bronze doors for the north façade?
What famous scientist is depicted on the north façade of the museum?
Who painted the panels on the north façade of the museum?
Who created the Green Dining Room?
Who decorated the stained-glass windows?
Who designed the Centre Refreshment Room?
Who designed and sculpted the marble fireplace in the Centre Refreshment Room?
Who designed the Grill Room?
Who was the next architect to work at the museum?
What was the name of the five-storey building that was designed in 1867-72?
What was the staircase made from?
What does the V&A and Royal Institute of British Architects jointly house?
When did the Sackler Centre for arts education open?
What was used to decorate the east side of the building designed by F. W. Moody?
Who designed the wrought iron gates?
Where were the two Cast Courts located?
What was the final part of the museum designed by Scott?
Who designed the exterior mosaic panels in the parapet?
Who designed the main façade of the museum?
What was the main façade of the museum built from?
How long is the main facade of the museum?
The tower above the main entrance has an open work crown surmounted by what?
What is interspersed with statues of many of the British artists whose work is displayed in the museum?
Who sculpted the frame around the arches and entrance?
How many levels of galleries are there?
Who sculpted the frame around the arches and entrance?
What material is used in the entrance hall and flanking staircases?
Who does Prince Albert appear above the frame around the arches and entrance?
In what building was the first major work done in 1966 and 1967?
What is the name of the wing that the Royal College of Science acquired in 1974?
What was constructed on the site of the former boiler house?
Who designed the iron gates?
What was the boiler house intended to be the site of?
What gallery was redesigned in the 1990s?
What was restored as part of the 2006 renovation?
What is the name of the redesign of all the galleries in the museum?
The tunnel to the subway leading to what tube station was redesigned in 2004?
Who designed the new Cafe?
Who redesigned the central garden?
What was the name of the central garden that opened in 2005?
What shape is the water feature lined in stone?
What is the purpose of the water feature?
What type of tree is planted in the two corners by the north façade?
When did the V&A and Royal Institute of British Architects open the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
Along with the V&A, what organization opened the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
How many drawings are in the book?
What has been transferred to the museum?
How many photographs are in the collection?
Who is one of the largest artists in the world?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the collection?
How many drawings by Palladio are in the Royal Institute's holdings?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the collection?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the collection?
Where was Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600?
The facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house is a rare survivor of what fire?
When was Sir Paul Pindar's house built?
What chateau has a dormer window dated 1523-35?
What is the name of the building that has a column from?
How many items from the Islamic world does the V&A have?
When did the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art open?
What is the highlight of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
Along with North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and Afghanistan, what country is represented in the gallery?
When was the Salting Bequest?
How many objects are in the Museum's South and South-East Asian art collection?
How many textiles are in the Museum's collection?
How many paintings are in the Museum's collection?
When did the Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art open?
What is the name of the gallery that opened in 1991?
How many works of art are in the Far Eastern collections?
What are the countries of East Asia?
What gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991?
When did the T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art open?
What dynasties are most of the art on display?
What is the name of the gallery that opened in 1986?
In what year did the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art open?
In what century was Amida Nyorai's sculpture displayed?
When do the majority of the exhibits date from?
What material is Suzuki Chokichi's incense burner?
What time period is represented by notable religious images in wood and bronze?
Along with Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia and Indonesia, what country has art in gold, silver, bronze, stone, terracotta and ivory?
What reflects the influence of India?
What material is used to make the gleaming boxes inlaid with?
Along with gold, silver, bronze and terracotta, what type of art is represented in the displays?
The Codex Forster contains some of what artist's works?
What are the names of the three manuscripts in the Codex?
How many books did Alexander Dyce leave to the museum?
In what year did Dyce leave over 14,000 books to the museum?
When were John Forster's books bequeathed to the museum?
Along with Beatrix Potter, who is a notable writer whose papers are in the library?
Along with Charles Dickens, who is a notable writer whose papers are in the library?
What centuries are the manuscripts in the library dated?
What is the Armagnac manuscript?
Who illuminated the 1524 Charter?
What is another name for the National Art Library?
What computer system was used from the 1980s to the 1990s?
What does EAD stand for?
Most of the items in the Victoria and Albert Museum do not show up in the computer system unless they were what?
What is the name of the feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum web-site?
In what year did a large scale digitization project begin?
What was the name of the project to create a factory to completely digitize the collection?
Who was the Factory Project named after?
How many images were taken during the first year of the Factory Project?
What is the second step of the Factory Project?
Who purchased or commissioned European artists' work?
Porcelain, cloth and wallpaper are imports from what country?
Who is one of the designers and artists whose work is on display in the galleries?
Who was a major influence on the Gothic Revival?
What are some of the imports from Asia?
What led to the production of tea paraphernalia?
What was the Georgian age?
Who led the backlash against industrialization?
What produced entrepreneurs such as Josiah Wedgwood, Matthew Boulton and Eleanor Coade?
What movement did John Ruskin contribute to?
What is the name of the full-scale replica of?
How was Trajan's Column made to fit under the ceiling?
What is the name of Michelangelo's work that is a full-size replica of?
What is housed in the Cast Courts?
Where is the Verrocchio replica displayed?
When was the Meissen Vulture designed?
Who designed the Möllendorff Dinner Service?
When was the Möllendorff Dinner Service designed?
When was the Salting Bequest made?
What did the Salting Bequest enrich the museum's stock of?
What famous potters are represented in the collection?
In what countries is there an extensive collection of Delftware?
What are the largest objects in the collection?
What centuries are the largest ceramic stoves in the collection?
Where were the ceramic stoves made?
How many years of glass making does the collection cover?
How many items are in the glass collection?
Where is the earliest glassware on display?
Who represented the Art Deco style?
Who created Art Nouveau glass?
When was the main gallery redesigned?
Who designed the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine?
When did the gallery covering contemporary glass open?
Who created the chandelier in the rotunda at the Museum's main entrance?
What century is the Luck of Edenhall?
How many British drawings are in the collection?
How many master works are included in the collection?
Who is one of the artists whose work is included in the collection?
Along with Dürer, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, Bernardo Buontalenti, and Antonio Verrio, what famous artist is included in the collection?
Who is one of the artists whose work is included in the collection?
How many costumes are in the Royal Institute's costume collection?
What department holds costume sketches and design notebooks?
Why is the collection dominated by fashionable clothes?
When did the V&A receive the Talbot Hughes collection?
Who gave the Talbot Hughes collection to the V&A?
When did the Museum acquire the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes?
What designer's costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
How many Vivienne Westwood costumes were in the Costiff collection?
What museum acquired a collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes in 2002?
What type of fashion does the museum continue to acquire?
The Soulages collection contains objects from what period?
When was the Soulages collection acquired?
What was the John Jones Collection?
When was the John Jones Collection left to the museum?
What was the value of the John Jones Collection in 1882?
When were the doors from Antwerp City Hall dated?
Who is attributed to the set of doors in Antwerp City Hall?
When was the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated?
Where is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet from?
Along with Le Corbusier, Marcel Breuer and MarcelBreuer, who are two modernists in the collection?
How many items are in the jewellery collection?
The jewellery collection of the Royal Institute dates back to what time period?
When was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of 154 gems bequeathed?
How many gems did Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend give in 1869?
Who funded the jewellery gallery?
What are the two divisions of the collection?
When was the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark?
How many areas are there in the main silver gallery?
Who designed the Hereford Screen?
How many objects are made from silver or gold?
When was the Gloucester Candlestick dated?
What was the Gloucester Candlestick made from?
Who is the Becket Casket dedicated to?
When was the Becket Casket dated?
What was the Becket Casket made from?
How many names were on the petition?
Who said that the museum intended to preserve and care for the collection?
Along with other institutions, what museum was a possible candidate for loans?
How many musical instruments does the Horniman have from the V&A?
When did the Musical Instruments gallery close?
How many British and 650 European oil paintings are in the museum?
How many European oil paintings are in the museum?
How many British watercolours are in the museum?
Who are the Raphael Cartoons?
Who painted the Spanish tempera on wood?
When did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
How many paintings did John Sheepshanks donate in 1857?
What was John Sheepshanks intention of donating the paintings and drawings to the museum?
What was the most significant of Constable's oil sketches?
What nationality of artists did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
In what galleries are the Jones bequest paintings displayed?
Who did François Boucher paint in 1758?
What is an example of a French painting that was part of the Jones bequest of 1882?
Who was the subject of the portrait by François Clouet?
Who took the photographs of Animal Locomotion of 1887?
When were Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion taken?
How many plates are in Eadweard Muybridge's Animal Locomotion?
What do the sequences of photographs taken a fraction of a second apart capture?
What is the name of one of the Lafayette's that is housed in the museum?
What type of sculpture does the V&A have the most of?
How many objects are in the collection?
What period does the collection cover?
What uses of sculpture are represented?
Who does the museum jointly own The Three Graces with?
What is Bernini's finest work outside of Italy?
What is the largest item from Italy?
Who designed the Chancel Chapel?
When was the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence built?
How many works of Rodin are in the museum?
Who gave the sculpture of Rodin to the museum in 1914?
In what year did Rodin give his works to the museum?
What war did Britain support in 1914?
What was the name of the statue that was purchased by public subscription in 1902?
Who is one of the British sculptors whose work is in the collection?
What is the name of the British sculptor whose work is in the collection?
Who is one of the British sculptors whose work is in the collection?
Along with British sculptors, who is included in the collection?
What sculpture galleries were opened in 2006?
What year were the Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries expanded to?
How are the galleries overlooking the garden arranged?
Who are the two artists that have been loaned to Tate Britain?
What other museum has lent works to the Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries?
How many examples of textiles are in the collection?
What continents are represented in the collection?
How long does the collection of textiles date?
What part of Europe is the majority of the textiles in the collection?
How are these classified?
What is the oldest known surviving European tapestry?
In what century were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
Where were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
What do the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries depict?
What was the leading English tapestry manufactory in the late 17th century and early 18th century?
When was the Sicilian Tristan Quilt made?
Who designed the tapestries in the collection?
When was 'The Forest' tapestry created?
Who designed the rugs and fabrics for the art deco period?
Who designed the rug from the same period?
What was the former name of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries?
When did the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries open?
What does the Royal Institute have the largest collection of in the UK?
Prior to the Royal Institute, who had the largest collection of live performance material in the UK?
What are the collections available for?
What is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections?
What is one way to control the museum environment?
What is the other major category of conservation?
Along with the V&A, what other museum is covered by conservation?
What type of conservation does a conservator do?
What company is the Disney-ABC Television Group a subsidiary of?
When was the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) created?
In what city is the network headquartered?
Where is the network headquartered?
What division of The Walt Disney Company is ABC a subsidiary of?
When did ABC launch?
What was ABC's original purpose?
In what year did NBC begin broadcasting to television?
What cable sports channel did Capital Cities Communications buy an interest in in the 1980s?
What company did ESPN's parent merge with in the 1980s?
How many affiliated television stations does the network have?
Who owns the ABC Radio properties?
How many owned-and-operated television stations does the network have?
Who regulates simultaneous substitution regulations in Canada?
Who owns the ABC Radio properties?
What was the name of the electronics manufacturer that owned the last radio network?
What were the names of the two radio networks owned by RCA?
What did NBC Red serve?
What type of series did the NBC Blue Network test?
Along with NBC Red, what was the name of the other radio network owned by RCA?
What company filed a complaint with the FCC in 1934?
When did the FCC begin investigations into the practices of radio networks?
When did the FCC publish its report on the broadcasting of radio programs?
What was the principal radio network in the United States at the time?
Along with NBC Red, what network did the report recommend RCA give up control of?
Who did RCA give the mandate to sell NBC Blue to?
What network did RCA convert into an independent subsidiary?
What investment firm tried to buy RCA?
Who was the president of RCA?
How much did Dillon, Read & Co. offer to purchase the network?
What was the name of the candy company owned by Edward John Noble?
When was the transaction authorized?
Who did Noble acquire the rights to the "American Broadcasting Company" name from?
What position did Woods hold at ABC until 1949?
When did Woods leave ABC?
What did ABC use to pre-record its programming?
Who conducted symphony performances for ABC?
What network aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman?
Who was an example of a big star that ABC was able to attract with the help of Magnetophon?
What was NBC Blue's tradition?
How much did Disney pay for their 33% stake in Eurosport?
What was the name of the free-to-air channel that ABC launched in the UK in 2004?
When did Disney announce that it would discontinue ABC1?
What was the name of ABC's attempt to develop?
Where is ABC broadcast?
In what year was rerun activity completed with program syndication?
What ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries?
Where did ABC sell most of its international networks in the 1970s?
What did many governments want to strengthen?
What was ABC's first international activity?
Where did Goldenson invest in broadcasting properties in the mid-1960s?
What was the name of the Japanese television network that Goldenson bought a 5% stake in in 1951?
Why were CBS and NBC unable to broadcast the coronation live?
Along with flight delays, what issue caused CBS and NBC to be unable to broadcast the coronation live?
Since 2000, ABC has owned the television rights to most of what series of specials?
Along with the Academy Awards and the CMA Music Festival, what award does ABC broadcast?
In what year was A Charlie Brown Christmas first broadcast?
What award does ABC hold the broadcast rights to?
What is the name of one of the other Peanuts specials broadcast by ABC?
Since what year has ABC aired Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve?
Who was Dick Clark's successor?
When did ABC first broadcast the Miss America pageant?
Where was Dick Clark's traditional countdown from?
What cable channel took over the rights to the Miss America pageant in 2006?
What is the longest running soap opera on ABC?
When did Good Morning America begin broadcasting?
What was the name of the Procter & Gamble-produced soap that aired for the last nine years?
What are the names of the two talk shows on ABC's daytime schedule?
When did General Hospital begin?
What sports event does ABC broadcast?
When did ESPN take over ABC's sports division?
What time of day is sports programming provided on some weekend afternoons?
What league's games does ABC show on Sundays?
What two major tennis tournaments does ABC show highlights for?
Who was ABC's vice-president of engineering?
What channels did Marx think would be requisitioned from broadcasting use?
In what year did ABC submit five applications for television station licenses?
What channel did the applications all request to broadcast on?
How many television stations were there in the US in 1952?
How many competing networks did ABC have in 1949?
What was ABC's third rival in 1949?
What two networks did ABC have less coverage than?
Who forced United Paramount Theatres to become an independent entity?
What company did United Paramount Theatres separate itself from?
How many full-time affiliates did ABC have?
What network was rumored to be sold to?
What company did Noble borrow $5 million from to prevent ABC from going bankrupt?
Who was the president of UPT in 1951?
Who was the founder of CBS?
When was the tentative agreement approved by UPT's board of directors?
In what year did the FCC end its freeze on new station license applications?
On what date did the FCC approve UPT's purchase of ABC?
What was the merged company called?
Where was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres headquartered?
When did WJZ-TV sign on the air?
When did the FCC implement a freeze on new station applications?
On what mountain did ABC plan to build a transmitter?
What did ABC convert 20 acres of land into?
When was The Flintstones premiered?
In what decade did ABC begin to transition to color?
Who created The Flintstones?
In what decade did ABC begin to transition to color?
In what year did Walt Disney Productions buy ABC's shares in Disneyland?
What television network was Walt Disney approached by to produce color broadcasts of his anthology series?
When was Walt Disney Presents' contract due to expire?
When did ABC resume its relationship with Disney?
What did ABC's 2000 web-based campaign focus on?
Who did the network hire to design and produce its 2001-02 identity?
What color was the network's logo in 2001-02?
What was the name of the web-based campaign that ABC launched in 2000?
Who designed ABC's graphical identity in 1998?
In what year did ABC stop using four-note jingles?
What was the theme tune based on?
Where is the old four-note theme tune still used?
When did the ABC logo first appear on-screen?
When did the ABC logo begin appearing throughout programs?
In what year was the 40th anniversary of the network's founding?
What was the slogan for the 40th anniversary of the network?
When was the first three-dimensional version of the ABC Circle logo created?
What was the color of the bubble on the 1977 ID sequence?
What color were the letters on the 1977 ID sequence?
Who redesigned the ABC logo in 1962?
The letters are strongly reminiscent of what typeface?
Who designed the Bauhaus typeface?
In what season did the new ABC logo debut?
What did rumors circulate that Disney-ABC was considering a sale of in 2005?
When did ABC announce the restructuring of the group?
How many divisions did ABC announce on October 19, 2005?
In what year did ABC's average viewership decline by ten ratings points?
Along with Desperate Housewives, Lost and Lost, what ABC show had unexpected success during the 2004-05 season?
Who was named president of ABC in 2004?
What sport did ABC Sports and ESPN sign an eight-year broadcast rights agreement with?
In what year was a two-year affiliate agreement approved?
Who is the CEO of Disney?
What was the name of ABC's first hit reality show?
What spinoff of The Bachelor premiered in 2002?
What cable provider removed ABC stations from their systems in four markets?
Time Warner Cable had a carriage dispute with what network in 2000?
Time Warner Cable had a carriage dispute with what network in 2000?
When did the FCC order Time Warner Cable to restore the stations?
When did ABC enter the decade with hits held over from the previous decade?
Where did Boy Meets World and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch move to in 2000?
To what network did Family Matters and Step by Step move to?
When was 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire' premiered?
Who hosted Millionaire?
Who relaunched Millionaire as a syndicated program in 2002?
Who was the original host of Millionaire?
When did The Walt Disney Company announce an agreement to merge with Capital Cities/ABC?
What did Disney rename its new subsidiary after the sale of Capital Cities/ABC?
Who bought the four newspapers that ABC controlled under Capital Cities?
Who became president and CEO of ABC after the merger?
What was the name of the Aaron Sorkin-created sitcom that aired on ABC in 1998?
When did color become the dominant format for the three broadcast television networks?
Where did ABC remain in the ratings?
What was the title of Goldenson's 1991 book?
When did ABC's New York City flagship stations change their callsigns?
Where did ABC's New York City flagship stations move to in 1953?
Where was WJZ originally established?
Who was appointed president of ABC in 1950?
What network did Goldenson propose a merger between UPT and?
What would have been the new name for DuMont?
How much money would DuMont have received as a result of the merger?
What company was UPT a subsidiary of?
What was the name of the ABC show based on a radio program?
What was the longest running prime time comedy in U.S. television history?
What film was adapted from the 1947 film Wyoming Kid?
What was a remake of The Boy from Oklahoma?
What studio did ABC sign an agreement with?
What was the name of the television series that Warner tried to show some of its most successful films as?
What was Walt Disney's brother's name?
How much did Walt want ABC to invest?
When did ABC agree to finance Disneyland?
What was the name of the project that ABC agreed to finance in exchange for producing a television program?
Who spearheaded the programming project for ABC's FM stations in 1968?
Who was the president of ABC Radio in 1968?
What was the name of the new format that replaced most of the programming provided by ABC's owned and operated FM stations?
How many owned-and-operated FM stations did ABC have?
In what year did ABC launch Movie of the Week?
What was Steven Spielberg's first film?
When was Steven Spielberg's film Duel released?
What was the average budget of a movie of the Week?
When did ABC begin its transition to color?
What network completed its transition to color in the early 1970s?
What did NBC begin to use to determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising to?
What was the NFL's premier game of the week until 2006?
In what year did Sunday Night Football take over as the league's marquee game?
Where did MNF move to in 2006?
What was ABC's audience share of Monday Night Football?
When did the FCC pass the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
In what year was ABC Films split into two companies?
What was the name of the company that would produce and distribute programming for US syndication?
What did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act ban?
When did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act take effect?
Who bought ABC Great States in 1974?
Who was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC in 1972?
When did Michael Eisner join ABC?
What series did Eisner help bring about?
What was Eisner's main credit at ABC?
What company did Eisner leave ABC in 1976?
Who convinced Fred Silverman to become president of ABC Entertainment?
Who was the first president and director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
What was the name of the detective show that aired on ABC in 1974?
When did Good Morning America debut?
What position did Silverman hold after leaving ABC?
What was the name of the spin-off of Happy Days that debuted in 1976?
What was the name of the television trend that featured attractive, often buxom, women in main and guest roles?
Who wrote Roots?
Who produced The Love Boat?
How long did The Love Boat last?
In what season did NBC take first place in the ratings?
What was the name of the first openly gay show to feature a main character?
Who was named president of the new ABC News in 1977?
Along with being president of ABC News, what other network was Roone Arledge president of in 1977?
What is the name of the building that was built in its place?
When were both buildings completed?
When was 20/20 created?
Who was the first anchor of 20/20?
Who was Hugh Downs paired with on 20/20?
Who did ABC sell its recording division to in 1979?
What was the name of ABC's 24-hour news channel?
What was the name of the 24-hour news channel that ABC launched in 2004?
What was the Flint, Michigan affiliate of ABC?
Along with WJRT, what Toledo, Ohio station did ABC buy in 1994?
What strike halted production of network programs for much of the 2007-08 season?
What was the name of the game show that aired during the strike?
Who started the rumors that Disney would be selling ABC's stations?
Along with ABC Studios, what division did Disney-ABC Television Group merge in 2009?
What was the name of the new division created by the merger of ABC and ABC Studios?
What was the new name of ABC Radio?
On what platform did Disney-ABC announce a partnership with Apple to make individual episodes of their shows available for purchase?
In what year did the network begin running into some trouble in the ratings?
When was the sixth and final season of Lost's debut?
What day was Ugly Betty moved to at the start of 2009?
What day of the week was Ugly Betty moved to?
When did the FCC impose its fin-syn rules?
What was the name of the syndication distributor that ABC created in 1970?
What was the name of the production company that ABC created in 1970?
Who did Worldvision sell portions of its catalog to in 1990?
Who handles domestic television distribution?
What was Disney-ABC Domestic Television formerly known as?
What was Disney-ABC International Television formerly known as?
What is another library that is part of the ABC library?
What were the first two stations to carry the network's programming?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
How many stations does ABC have pending affiliation agreements with?
What is the estimated national reach of the network?
When was the network's first logo introduced?
What was the ABC-UPT merger logo based on?
When did ABC begin its first color broadcasts?
In what year was Supernanny cancelled?
What was the only remaining program on the network's schedule that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition?
In what format has all of ABC's programming been presented since January 2012?
What was the first children's program block on any U.S. broadcast network to feature HD?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
Most of Hearst Television's 16 ABC-affiliated stations transmit their programming in what format?
How many affiliates owned by various companies carry the network feed in 480i standard definition?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
What was the only show that was renewed for a second season?
What was the only late-season premiere to earn a second season?
Which network did ABC outrate by a larger margin?
What was the only drama renewal in the previous year?
What two soap operas did ABC cancel on April 14, 2011?
Who bought the rights to All My Children and One Life to Live?
Where did Prospect Park revive the soaps in 2013?
What show replaced One Life to Live?
What demographic did ABC drop to fourth place in the 2011-12 season?
When did NBC finish first in the 18-49 demographic for the first time?
Along with ABC, what network had the most viewers in the 18-49 demographic?
Along with The Goldbergs and Resurrection, what ABC show was renewed for the 2013-14 season?
What show was cancelled in the 2013-14 season?
What were the names of the two family sitcoms that anchored the network's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup?
What was Shark Tank based on?
On what day of the week did Shark Tank become a sleeper hit?
Who starred in Last Man Standing?
Who left Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994?
Who became president of Capital Cities/ABC in 1994?
What was the name of the gritty police procedural that debuted in 1994?
Who created NYPD Blue?
How long did NYPD Blue last?
When did the FCC repeal the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
What French animation studio did Capital Cities/ABC purchase?
What cable provider did Capital Cities/ABC sign an agreement with to carry its owned-and-operated television stations?
What was ABC's total viewership share in the United States in 2008?
What radio station did ABC buy in 1960?
When did WLS launch a new lineup of ABC Radio programming?
Who sought the help of ABC to launch a television station in Toronto?
What station did Leonard Goldenson agree to acquire a 25% interest in?
What was the name of the sports anthology series that debuted on April 29, 1961?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
Who produced Wide World of Sports?
What company did Edgar Scherick run?
What was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres renamed to in 1965?
What was the name of the ABC show that was a reworking of the blind date concept?
What was the name of the game that was released in 1966?
Where was ABC's new headquarters located?
What percentage of prime-time television viewership did the three major networks represent in 1980?
What was the name of the opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a hit?
What was the name of the Happy Days spinoff?
What cable channel did ABC launch in 1981?
Who bought KXYZ in 1983?
What oil company did ABC have an option to purchase up to 15% of?
Along with ARTS, what was the competitor to A&E?
What was the new name of ARTS and The Entertainment Channel?
Who did Thomas S. Murphy delegate his position as president to in 1990?
What positions did Burke hold?
What was the revenues of Capital Cities/ABC?
What is the longest-running prime time entertainment program in the network's history?
What was the name of the Tim Allen show that premiered in 1991?
What is the name of the soap opera?
What are the names of the two talk/lifestyle shows?
When is Good Morning America broadcast?
What is the name of the late night talk show?
What are the only U.S. states that do not have a local ABC affiliate?
What is the low-power station in Birmingham, Alabama?
What is the low-power station in South Bend, Indiana?
What is the low-power station in Lima, Ohio?
Who produced television series in 1962?
What was Touchstone reorganized as in February 2007?
What was the former name of the Prospect Studios?
What is the name of the set of studios in New York City?
What is the name of the building that ABC owns in Times Square?
What shows are broadcast from the Times Square Studios?
What was the block of West End Avenue renamed in 2006?
What was Peter Jennings Way the anchor of?
What is the name of ABC's traditional VOD service?
What streaming service is the Walt Disney Company a part-owner of?
When did ABC begin offering full-length episodes of most of its programming on Hulu?
What percentage of Hulu did Disney acquire in April of 2009?
When are the most recent episodes of ABC's shows usually made available?
How many days after their initial broadcast did the Hulu and WATCH ABC restrictions last?
What does ABC on Demand disallows?
When did Disney-ABC Television Group restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu?
What design agency overhauled ABC's identity?
How many variants of the ABC logo are there?
What is the name of the new custom typeface created for use in advertising?
What network uses a red version of the ABC logo?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have?
How many affiliates did CBS have?
What act mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning?
What did the All-Channel Receiver Act mandate?
In what Ohio city was WKST-TV located?
How much lower was the viewership of ABC programming compared to its competitors?
What station in Wheeling, West Virginia began airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel in the 2000s?
When did some small markets start to see a full-time ABC affiliate?
What was the new name of the Disneyland anthology series?
Who pitched The Untouchables to CBS?
Why did CBS reject The Untouchables?
When did The Untouchables debut?
What was the name of the movie that debuted in 1962?
What was ABC's total revenue in 1953?
Who created The Jetsons?
What was the first television series to be broadcast in color on ABC?
When was General Hospital debuted?
What company did Goldenson propose a merger with in 1965?
Who was the head of the Department of Justice in 1966?
What department was Donald F. Turner the head of?
When was the merger officially canceled?
What company was Thomas S. Murphy the CEO of?
How much did Capital Cities pay for ABC?
Who loaned the remaining $500 million?
Who did ABC and Capital Cities sell WXYZ-TV to?
What was the maximum amount of television stations a broadcaster could own in 1985?
When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities receive federal approval?
What was the combined company of the ABC/Capital Cities merger called?
What position did Frederick S. Pierce hold?
Who became vice president of ABC Broadcasting?
Who became president of ABC News and ABC Sports?
What show ended its run in 1983?
What show ended in 1984?
What network regained the ratings lead in 1984?
What show ended its run in 1986?
What did ABC focus on in the mid-1980s?
What was the 1989 debut of?
What does TGIF stand for?
Who produced many of the series featured during the run of the block?
What studio was Miller-Boyett Productions a part of?
How many radio stations did ABC own in 1968?
What was the first film produced by ABC Pictures?
Who directed ABC Pictures' first film?
When was ABC Motion Pictures dissolved?
Where was ABC Marine World opened?
What types of shows did ABC offer that met the public's expectations?
How much of an increase in advertising revenues did ABC see between 1953 and 1958?
What was the national reach of ABC?
Who was the president of ABC Entertainment in 1957?
Who was the host of American Bandstand?
What was ABC's philosophy against its competitors?
What was an example of an ABC actioner?
Who criticized the public enthusiasm and sponsorship for these shows at the expense of news programming?
What other type of shows did ABC defeat in 1959?
What was the name of the streaming service that ABC launched in May 2013?
What were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on the service?
What television company also reached a deal to offer its ABC affiliates on the service?
What is the name of ESPN's streaming service?
What is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total?
What is the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size?
What is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach?
How many ABC stations does Sinclair Broadcast Group own?
How many ABC stations does the E. W. Scripps Company own?
What was the name of ABC's imaging campaign for the 2007-08 season?
Who developed the on-air design?
What did red ribbons represent?
What was the blue ribbons used for?
What are the names of the two television stations in Tampa, Florida?
What are the two stations in Kansas City, Missouri?
What are the two stations in Grand Rapids, Michigan?
What was Tampa's primary ABC affiliate prior to 1994?
What empire did Genghis Khan found?
Who did he unite?
Where did the massacres of the civilian populations take place?
By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied what?
What dynasties did raids or invasions of?
Who did Genghis Khan assign as his successor?
In what year did he die?
Who did he defeat in 1227?
Who did Genghis Khan split his empire into khanates?
Where was he buried?
Where was Temüjin born?
Who was his father?
When was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin named after?
What was Temüjin's sister's name?
What were the names of Temüjin's three brothers?
Who was his future wife's name?
What tribe did Börte belong to?
Who was the head of the new household?
Who was Temujin's older half-brother?
Who was the mother of Temüjin and his brothers?
Who killed Begter?
When did Temujin's resentment erupt?
Who held him prisoner in 1177?
How was Temüjin enslaved?
Who was the father of Temüjin?
Who joined Temüjin?
Where did Temüjin escape from the ger?
What was used to solidify temporary alliances?
Who taught Temüjin about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
What foreign forces influenced the political climate of Mongolia?
What did Temüjin's mother teach him about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
What tribe did Temüjin marry?
Who kidnapped Börte?
Who helped Temüjin rescue her?
What was the name of the son of the Empress?
When was Jochi born?
How many sons did Börte have?
What was the name of Börte's third son?
When did Chagatai die?
What was the name of Börte's third son?
How many daughters did Genghis Khan have?
What is an anda?
Who was Temüjin's father's anda?
Toghrul was the Khan of what group?
How many Keraite warriors did Toghrul offer?
Who did Toghrul suggest he involve in his support of Temüjin?
Who did Jamukha support?
Who proclaimed that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Temüjin?
When was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?
In what battle was Temüjin defeated?
Toghrul was exiled to where?
What did Temüjin use as an incentive for absolute obedience?
What did Temüjin promise to civilians and soldiers?
Who would his mother adopt?
What did he take the conquered tribe under?
Who did Toghrul refuse to give his daughter in marriage to?
Who did Toghrul ally with?
Who did Toghrul ally with?
What tribe was defeated and eventually dissolved?
Who was the next direct threat to Temüjin?
When was Jamukha elected as Gür Khan?
What was the title of Gür Khan?
Who was Jelme's younger brother?
When was Jamukha turned over to Temüjin?
What did Temüjin offer to Jamukha?
Why did Temüjin kill the men who betrayed Jamukha?
What did Jamukha ask for?
How is it granted to die without spilling blood?
From whom did Avicenna learn siege warfare?
Who wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes?
Who was the most important shaman?
Along with his spy network, what system did Yam use to gather intelligence?
Who was his father's ally?
When did Temüjin unite or subdue the Merkits?
At what council was Temüjin acknowledged as "Khan"?
What title did Genghis receive after his death?
Who was Genghis's successor?
What is a Khuruldai?
What dynasty did Genghis Khan plan to conquer?
Who defected to the Mongol side?
When did Genghis siege, capture, and sack the Jin capital of Zhongdu?
Where did Emperor Xuanzong move his capital to?
Who was Genghis' third son?
Who was the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation?
What dynasty was Qara Khitai originally established as remnants of?
How many soldiers did Genghis send against Kuchlug?
What was the name of Genghis' younger general?
What was Jebe known as?
What did the Mongols resort to?
Where was Kuchlug's army defeated?
By 1218, the Mongol Empire's control extended as far west as what lake?
What was the Khwarezmia?
What was the Khwarezmia?
Who governed the Khwarazmian dynasty in the early 13th century?
Who attacked the caravan?
Who was beheaded by the Shah?
How many soldiers did Genghis Khan organize?
What did Genghis Khan use to trade with Khwarezmia?
What mountains did Genghis Khan cross to enter the Khwarezmian Empire?
How many groups did Genghis Khan divide his army into?
Where did the second division march secretly to?
Along with Genghis Khan, who led the third division?
What city did the first division attack?
What was decisive in Khwarezmia's defeats?
What town did the Mongol army quickly seize?
What did Genghis Khan pour into Inalchuq's ears and eyes?
What did the Shah do at the end of the battle?
Who did Genghis Khan order to hunt him down?
What was the capital of the Khwarezmid Empire?
Where was the capital moved to?
What did Genghis Khan divert through the Khwarezmid emperor's birthplace?
What did the Mongols use as body shields?
What did Genghis do with his surrender terms?
What was raised as a symbol of victory?
What did the city leaders do to the Mongols?
Who held the city's citadel for another twelve days?
Who were sent back to Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan declare he was?
Who was drafted into the Mongolian army?
In what year was the Khwarezmian Empire defeated?
Who suggested that the Mongol army be split into two forces?
Where did the Mongols overwintered?
What river did Subutai's forces defeat the Kievan?
Who led the Kievan Rus?
Who was Genghis Khan's grandson?
Along with Batu, what group did the Mongols return to conquer Volga Bulgaria?
Who led the famous cavalry expedition?
When did both divisions return to Mongolia?
Where did Jebe die?
When did Genghis Khan begin a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts?
When did he take Xiliang-fu?
Who did the Tangut generals challenge to a battle?
What river did Genghis cross to get to Lingzhou?
What did Genghis Khan see?
What was the capital of Tangut?
Who was the Tangut general at Deshun?
What caused Ma Jianlong's death?
Where did Genghis Khan go to escape the severe summer?
What did Genghis Khan do to the entire imperial family?
Who was Genghis' oldest son?
Who voiced the issue over Jochi's paternity most strongly?
What did Genghis Khan do that caused Chagatai to declare he would never accept Jochi as his successor?
Who was appointed as successor?
Which two of Genghis Khan's sons had a lot of friction?
Along with Jochi, who was one of Genghis sons that he was concerned about?
Who was Genghis Khan's youngest son?
Who did Genghis Khan give the throne to?
In what year didochi die?
Where did Jochi remain?
What siege did Jochi and his brothers fight in?
Who did my father make an alliance with?
What year did Sultan Muhammad die?
What was the capital of Western Xia in 1227?
Along with battle and illness, what is another possible cause of his death?
What type of wound did Marco Polo say he received during his final campaign?
What was Yinchuan the capital of?
Who did some Mongol authors think was responsible for the legend that the princess stabbed the king?
How did Genghis Khan want to be buried?
Where was his birthplace?
What river is close to the Burkhan Khaldun mountain?
What is the name of Khan's burial site?
What is the Mongolian name for the Lord's Enclosure?
Where did it stay for ten years?
Where did the Nationalist soldiers move the Tibetan monastery in 1949?
When was Genghis Khan's bier and relics returned to Mongolia?
Who destroyed almost everything of value during the Cultural Revolution?
When did a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncover Genghis Khan's palace?
What was diverted over his grave to make it impossible to find?
What other Sumerian kings were buried in the same manner?
What animal is said to have stampeded over his grave?
Who created the Yassa?
What was the name of the military and civilian code of the Mongol Empire?
What did the Mongol Empire adopt an approach grounded in?
Who was the exception to the rule?
Who was one of the Khans of various ethnicities as part of the Mongol Empire?
What was available for religious figures?
Who was Genghis Khan's mentor?
What did Mongol tradition hold that religion was?
What were the religions of the Mongol tribes?
Who was briefly in charge of the Mongol Empire when the next male Khagan was being chosen?
What is the name of the policy of encouraging trade and communication?
What is an example of a sedentary people?
What did Genghis Khan want to establish?
Who did Genghis Khan invite?
Why were administrators not found among the Mongol people?
Who did Chu'Tsai work for?
Who was Chu'Tsai a lineal descendant of?
Who did Genghis Khan put absolute trust in?
What was the capital of the Mongol Empire?
Along with Jebe and Subutai, what general did Genghis Khan trust?
Who led the Great Raid into the Caucasus?
What did Genghis Khan expect from his generals?
What did the Mongol military divert to cut off resources for cities?
Who did the Mongol military employ to aid them in siege warfare?
What was a common tactic of the Mongol military?
How did the Mongol military cut off resources for cities?
Where did the Mongol Empire stretch from the Caspian Sea to at the time of his death?
Where did the Mongol Empire stretch from at the time of his death?
Who was Genghis's successor?
When did the Song dynasty end?
Genghis Khan is credited with bringing what under one cohesive political environment?
In what country is Genghis Khan looked on as a great military leader?
Was Genghis Khan tolerant or intolerant of religions?
What happened to communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia?
In what decade did the memory of Genghis Khan have a powerful revival?
What is his role in what?
What do Mongolians call themselves?
What is there a chasm in the perception of?
What do Mongolians think of the historical records written by non-Mongolians?
What is the Mongolian word for "face"?
Who's name and likeness are endorsed on products, streets, buildings, and other places in Mongolia?
What is the name of Mongolia's main international airport?
Why have there been discussions about regulating the use of his name and image?
Where is Chinggis Khaan International Airport?
What was the first written Mongolian law?
What were the points of Ikh Zasag law?
Who was the president of Mongolia during Genghis Khan's time in Mongolia?
What is the Ikh Zasag the first written Mongolian law?
Where is there a monument and buildings about Genghis Khan?
What is the population of the Inner Mongolia region?
Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan?
What dynasty did Kublai Khan establish?
Who was Kublai Khan?
In what country is Genghis Khan almost universally condemned?
How much of the Iranian Plateau's population was killed by the Mongols?
How many people did Steven R. Ward say were killed on the Iranian Plateau?
Who destroyed much of Iran's northern part?
Who stopped Hulagu Khan?
Who was Hulagu's descendant?
When did Batu Khan invade Kievan Rus?
What were the two exceptions to the Mongols' destruction of Eastern Europe?
Who were proud descendants of Genghis Khan?
Along with Genghis Khan, who was a notable descendant of the Mughal emperors?
Where was Attar from?
What Mongolian and Turkic word is thought to have given the name of the Titanic its name?
Along with the ocean, what lake was called tenggis by the Mongols?
What does Zhèng mean?
What is the Chinese word for "right"?
What was the Mongolian pronunciation in the 13th century?
What is the Mongolian spelling of Genghis Khan?
What is the Turkic spelling of the title of Genghis Khan?
What is the pinyin for Temüjin?
What are the other names for Genghis Khan in English?
What is the pinyin spelling of Genghis Khan?
What is the word pharmacy derived from?
What did the retail shop sell in addition to medicines?
What do the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply?
What would the term apothecary today be seen as in English?
What did the pharmas also use?
What are pharmacists?
What do pharmacists strive to ensure for their patients?
What do pharmacists play an important role in?
What are pharmacists also known as?
What are pharmacists?
Who manages a pharmacy technician in the UK?
A pharmacy technician once qualified has to register as a professional on what?
What does the GPhC do?
What is a Pharmacy Technician in the UK considered?
What is the responsibility of a PhT in the UK?
What is Pedanius Dioscorides famous for?
What Latin text was used as a basis for many medieval texts?
What term was coined by the title of the title?
Who was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants in Ancient Greece?
Who built upon De Materia Medica during the Islamic Golden Age?
What was the status of the men who fulfilled roles similar to modern pharmacists in Japan?
What two codes defined the place of pharmacists in society?
Where were ranked positions established?
What was the status of pharmacists?
How was the pharmacist ranked in the Imperial household?
The advances made in the Middle East in what two fields led to the development of pharmacology?
Who acted to promote the medical uses of chemical compounds?
Who pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation?
Who's contributions in the field are also pioneering?
What two compounds did Popper make a clear distinction between?
When did the Franciscan monastery in Dubrovnik open?
Where was the oldest known perfume museum located?
What does the Church of Santa Maria Novella now hold?
What does the medieval Esteve Pharmacy keep?
When was the oldest known perfume museum set up?
In most countries, a dispensary is subject to what?
Where did pharmacists used to stay?
What is pharmacy technicians now more dependent on?
What are pharmacy technicians now more dependent on automation to deal with?
What are some of the requirements of pharmacy legislation?
How do pharmacists in hospitals gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
What do clinical pharmacists specialize in?
Along with safety of medications and patient compliance issues, what is one of the reasons for the complexity of medications?
Who can gain more education and training through a pharmacy practice residency?
Where can hospital pharmacies be found?
What are most hospital medications?
What have some hospital pharmacies decided to outsource to companies who specialize in compounding?
What makes it imperative that hospital pharmacies perform at the highest level possible?
Are hospital pharmacies able to stock more medications than would be feasible in a community setting?
What do pharmacists do?
Where did the clinical pharmacy movement begin?
Who do clinical pharmacists often collaborate with?
What do they often participate in?
Where do clinical pharmacists care for patients?
What is the role of a clinical pharmacist?
What does the review process often involve?
What are some of the things that are evaluated during the drug review process?
What must a pharmacist monitor?
What are pharmacists in the U.S. federal health care system given?
In what states are pharmacist clinicians given collaborative authority?
When did the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approve ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification?
What is the official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam?
What are some of the federal health care systems?
What does a consultant pharmacy practice focus on?
Where do Consultant pharmacists typically work?
What are some of the major pharmacy management companies?
Why are consultant pharmacists beginning to work directly with patients?
What do some community pharmacies do?
When did a growing number of Internet pharmacies begin to appear worldwide?
Many of these pharmacies are actually operated by what?
What are internet pharmacies also known as?
Why do some customers prefer to go to a community drugstore instead of a drugstore?
What is the primary difference between medications?
Why do many customers order drugs from pharmacies?
Why is this practice criticized?
What have there been reports of pharmacies doing?
What do some internet pharmacies do?
What do most internet pharmacies do?
What is a particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
In the United States, in order for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid, what must happen?
What is a particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
In the United States, in order for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid, what must happen?
What is the responsibility of the filling pharmacy?
What outlines what defines a valid patient-doctor relationship?
What is an example of a controlled substance that can be obtained via the internet?
Why is there a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada?
What country has there been a push to legalize importation of medications from?
Who is the enforcement of prescription medications generally targeted at?
Is there a known case of a U.S. citizen buying Canadian drugs with a prescription?
What has there been a push in the United States to do?
What is pharmacy informatics a combination of?
Where can pharmacy informaticists work?
What is pharmacy informatics growing to meet?
What are pharmacists trained to participate in?
How is pharmacy informatics growing?
What type of pharmacies carry novel medications?
How many of the 28 newly FDA approved medications in 2013 were specialty drugs?
What are some chronic and complex disease states?
What do specialty pharmacies carry?
What do specialty pharmacies provide in addition to supplying drugs?
How are pharmacists regulated in the United States?
Who may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public?
What organization's Code of Ethics allows doctors to dispense drugs within their office practices?
What percentage of American physicians dispense drugs on their own?
What can pharmacists not do?
What country has a law for general physicians if the nearest pharmacy is more than 4 kilometers away?
Where are dispensing physicians allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines?
What is the minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy?
How far away is the nearest pharmacy in Austria for general physicians?
What is the reason for majority rule?
Why does a physician exaggerate the seriousness of a condition?
What does this system reflect much similarity to?
What is another way a physician can make money from treating patients?
What is the patient's interest?
Are pharmacists expected to become more or less integral in the health care system?
What are pharmacists now expected to do?
What does MTM include?
What is the purpose of these services?
What is the result?
What provinces in Canada have limited prescribing rights?
Who pays pharmacists in Australia?
What is the government paying for?
What has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy in the United States?
What degree is now required before entering practice?
What are the two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries?
What was used until the early 20th century?
Where is the Bowl of Hygieia often used?
Where is the letter A located?
Where is the green Greek cross common?
What is the immune system?
What does an immune system need to detect?
What are two examples of subsystems of the immune system?
The blood-brain barrier separates the peripheral immune system from what?
What is the immune system made up of?
What are a wide variety of agents that an immune system must detect?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What does the immune system protect against?
What are viruses to parasitic worms known as?
What protects the brain?
What are the fluid-brain barriers in humans?
What are viruses to parasitic worms known as?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What is another name for humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity?
What protects the brain?
How can pathogens avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system?
What does bacteria's immune system consist of?
Where did basic immune mechanisms evolve from?
What does adaptive immunity do?
What type of infection do enzymes in bacteria protect against?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What is the process of acquired immunity the basis of?
What creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
Disorders of the immune system can result in what?
When does immunodeficiency occur?
What does immunodeficiency result in?
What can cause immunodeficiency in humans?
Along with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and systemic lupus erythematosus, what is a common autoimmune disease?
What is it called when the immune system is less active than normal?
What results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues?
What covers the study of all aspects of the immune system?
What is an example of an acquired condition?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
What type of venom did Maupertuis experiment with?
Who developed the germ theory of disease?
Who discovered the yellow fever virus?
Who was the author of the book?
What was confirmed as the cause of infectious disease?
What virus was discovered by Walter Reed?
In what city was the earliest known reference to immunity?
What is the name of the memory that is retained after a pathogen has been eliminated?
What provides an immediate, but non-specific response if a pathogen breaches the barriers?
What is the second layer of protection vertebrates have?
What is found in all plants and animals?
What is the second layer of protection vertebrates have?
What is the name of the memory that is retained after a pathogen has been eliminated?
What prevents pathogens from entering an organism?
The immune system's ability to distinguish between what types of molecules depends on the ability of the immune system to distinguish?
What does the immune system distinguish between self and non-?
The immune system's ability to distinguish between self and what kind of molecules depends on the ability of the immune system to distinguish?
What is the short for antibody generators?
What do antigens bind to?
The innate response is usually triggered when microbes are identified by what?
Microorganisms or toxins that successfully enter an organism encounter the cells and mechanisms of what?
What do pattern recognition receptors recognize?
Innate immune defenses are what?
What is an example of an insect's mechanical barrier?
What is the first line of defense against infection in leaves?
What two things mechanically eject pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory tract?
What is secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract?
Along with urine, what releases pathogens from the body?
What is an example of an antimicrobial peptide?
What enzymes are also antibacterials in saliva, tears and breast milk?
What does semen contain to kill pathogens?
What serve as powerful chemical defenses against ingested pathogens?
Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following what?
What serves as biological barriers?
What do most antibiotics not affect?
What bacteria is normally found in unpasteurized yogurt?
What are some conditions that commensal flora can change in their environment?
What is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection?
What is the cause of the symptoms of inflammation?
What is inflammation produced by?
What produces fever?
What is responsible for communication between white blood cells?
What are cells called that engulf pathogens or particles?
How can phagocytes be called to specific locations?
What is the intracellular vesicle that a pathogen is trapped in?
What does a lysosome and a phagosome form?
What did phagocytosis evolve as a means of?
What are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
Along with macrophages, what type of phagocytes travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
How much of the total circulating leukocytes are neutrophils?
What is the process in which neutrophils migrate toward the site of inflammation called?
What is an example of a regulatory factor that Macrophages produce?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
Innate cells are also important mediators in the activation of what?
What are phagocytes?
What is DC?
What are dendritic cells similar to?
Dendritic cells present antigens to what?
Dendritic cells present antigens to what?
What is the condition called when NK cells recognize compromised host cells?
What are NK cells?
What is the term for cells with low levels of a cell-surface marker?
What does KIR stand for?
The adaptive immune system evolved in early what?
What is the process of recognizing non-self antigens called?
Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific what?
What are the two major subtypes of T cells?
What cells have a role in modulating immune response?
Killer T cells only recognize antigens coupled to what?
 helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to what?
What recognizes intact antigens that are not bound to MHC receptors?
What are a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses?
What is the name of the co-receptor on the T cell?
What binds to a specific antigen in a complex with another cell?
What is a protease?
What is an example of a cytotoxin that releases when an activated T cell contacts a target cell?
The MHC:antigen complex is recognized by what?
How many receptors are on the helper T cell?
How can killer T cells be activated?
What does the activation of a resting helper T cell cause it to release?
What is another name for CD154?
Gam delta T cells share the characteristics of what?
What do gamma delta T cells possess?
What are Gamma delta T cells?
What do γδ T cells rearrange TCR genes to produce?
What type of human cells respond within hours to common molecules produced by microbes?
What identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen?
What is the process by which the antigen/antibody complex is processed into peptides?
What does the helper T cell release?
When B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become what?
What is it called when it occurs during the lifetime of an individual as an adaptation to infection with a pathogen?
What are two forms of immunological memory?
What do memory cells remember?
Newborn infants have no prior exposure to what?
What type of antibody is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta?
What contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant?
What is it called when a fetus borrows antibodies?
Hormones can act as what?
Female sex hormones are known immunostimulators of what?
What autoimmune disease strikes women preferentially?
What does testosterone seem to be?
What protein has been shown to be closely intertwined with both T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms?
What are some chronic conditions that can be caused by disruptions?
What can cause a lower immune response and lower antibody production?
What is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals?
What vitamin does the age-related decline in immune function decrease in the elderly?
What is regulated by the immune system?
What does UVB radiation produce?
What does the immune system use to destroy abnormal cells?
Tumor antigens are presented on what?
Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to what?
What is generated against tumor cells?
What cells do plants lack?
What are PAMPs?
What happens to cells at the site of infection?
What is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent?
What is particularly important in this systemic response?
Overactive immune responses comprise the other end of immune dysfunction, particularly what?
The immune system fails to properly distinguish between what?
Where are specialized cells located?
What do many T cells and antibodies react with?
What occurs when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive?
The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in which two groups?
When do immune responses begin to decline?
What are common causes of poor immune function in developed countries?
What is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries?
How can active immunity be generated artificially?
What is another name for vaccination?
What is introduced to stimulate the immune system?
What does the deliberate induction of an immune response exploit?
What do bacteria release to digest a physical barrier?
What type of system is used to insert a hollow tube into the host cell?
What are these proteins often used to do?
What does the success of any pathogen depend on?
Who created the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What triggers a destructive immune response?
Along with the complex "two-signal" activation of T cells, what new discoveries led to the modification of the theory?
Who suggested the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What is the most powerful of these drugs?
What are methotrexate and azathioprine used in conjunction with?
What are two examples of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs?
What is an example of an immunosuppressive drug?
What cells peak during wake periods?
What molecules peak during awake active times?
What can cause inflammation during sleep times?
What does melatonin counteract during sleep?
What does a T-cell extend when it encounters a foreign pathogen?
What is the steroid hormone that vitamin D binds to?
What relationship do T-cells have with vitamin D?
What is the gene responsible for converting the pre-hormone version of vitamin D, calcidiol into the steroid hormone version?
What immune system cells express CYP27B1?
What are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
Along with the complement system, what cells are used by most forms of invertebrate life?
Along with ribonucleases, what is conserved across all eukaryotes?
What are some of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system?
What are two examples of primitive jawless vertebrates?
What is the name of the large array of molecules that annelids possess?
What did an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates evolve?
In invertebrates do not generate what?
What does bacteria use to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
What are bacteria's restriction modification system to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
Prokaryotes have acquired immunity through a system that uses what sequences?
What two theories did the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century see a battle between?
Who represented the cellular theory of immunity?
What cells were responsible for immune responses according to the cellular theory of immunity?
Who held the humoral theory of immunity?
What did the humoral theory of immunity say the active immune agents were?
Some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become what?
Tumor cells often have a reduced number of what on their surface?
What does a tumor release that suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes?
TGF-β suppresses the activity of what?
What is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues?
How many classes are hypersensitive reactions divided into?
What is the first class of hypersensitive reactions?
What triggers degranulation of mast cells and basophils when cross-linked by antigen?
What occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on a patient's own cells?
What is another name for hiding within the cells of a host?
What is an example of an intracellular bacterium?
What is the eukaryotic parasite that causes malaria?
What bacteria lives inside a protective capsule?
What is Staphylococcus aureus' surface protein?
What is it called when there is a lot of variation?
What is an example of a virus that mutates rapidly?
What parasite uses a similar strategy?
What is the cause of the frequent changes in the vaccine against the Ebola virus?
What is this called?
What causes cervical cancer?
What enzyme transforms certain skin cells into tumors?
What are tumors caused by tyrosinase called?
What cells are turned into tumors called melanomas?
What is the largest amount of drugs that can provoke a neutralizing immune response?
What type of amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions?
What is the study of large sets of proteins involved in the immune response?
A publicly accessible database has been established for the cataloguing of epitopes from pathogens known to be recognizable by what?
What is the emerging field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity called?
What hormones are increased during the slow-wave-sleep stage?
The milieu of hormones produced at this time support the interactions between T-cells and what?
What cytokine balance does the milieu of hormones produced at this time support?
What type of immune responses are thought to support the formation of long-lasting immune memory?
What do complement proteins bind to on the surfaces of microbes?
How can the deposition of complement kill cells directly?
What causes the speed of the response?
What is the name of the process that amplifies the initial signal?
What is one of the ways people have rebelled against unfair laws?
What did South Africa fight against?
What was the name of the movement to bring independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union?
Where was the Orange Revolution?
In what country was the 2003 Rose Revolution?
Who brought about the 1919 Revolution?
Who was the target of the 1919 Revolution?
What type of resistance has been used in India?
Civil disobedience is one of the ways people have rebelled against what?
What was the name of the civil rights movement in the U.S.?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who was Oedipus?
Who is the current King of Thebes?
Who was the former King of Thebes?
What is Antigone trying to stop Creon from doing?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who played Antigone?
Who is trying to stop Antigone from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial?
What is Antigone trying to stop Creon from doing?
What does she tell him that she must do?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What type of protest is the first modern statement of the principle of?
What was the name of Gandhi's doctrine?
What was Gandhi's campaign for?
Who wrote Civil Disobedience?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What did Percy Shelley think was wrong with his time?
What is the first modern statement of?
What was the name of Gandhi's doctrine?
Who wrote Satyagraha?
What did Vice President Agnew refer to as a code-word?
Who notes that the term has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has the term "civil disobedience" always suffered from?
What has the term civil disobedience become in modern times?
What has happened to the term "civil disobedience" in modern times?
Who notes that the term has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What did Vice President Agnew consider the term "muggers" to be?
Who said "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators and political assassins" became a code-word?
What has the term "civil disobedience" always suffered from?
Who wrote that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible"?
What does LeGrande think a single all-encompassing definition of the term is?
What three types of civil disobedience does he encourage a distinction between?
What kind of problems does a student of civil disobedience find himself surrounded by in reviewing the literature?
What kind of terminology has no more meaning than the individual orator intends it to have?
Who wrote that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible"?
What type of literature does a student of civil disobedience find himself surrounded by?
What does the student of civil disobedience rapidly find himself surrounded by in reviewing the literature on the subject?
Along with violent civil disobedience, what type of disobedience does Chomsky encourage?
Along with lawful protest demonstration, what type of civil disobedience does he discourage?
What is it called when two public agencies conflict?
Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to what relation to the state?
Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to what?
Why would a head of government refuse to enforce a decision of a country's highest court?
What is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws?
Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to what?
What would not be civil disobedience?
Who would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen?
What would the head of government be acting in his capacity as instead of a public official?
A constitutional impasse occurs when two public agencies, especially two equally what, conflict?
Who disputed the definition of conscience vs. collective?
What happened to Thoreau after he refused to pay the tax?
What is the majority of the majority?
What did Thoreau advise to do when a confused taxman asked him how to handle his refusal to pay?
What does Thoreau think government may express nothing more than the will of?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who can act unjustly?
Who disputed the definition of conscience vs. collective?
What did Thoreau advise to do when a confused taxman asked him how to handle his refusal to pay?
What is the majority of the majority?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against what?
Brownlee argues disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
What does Brownlee argue that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to what?
The same principle applies to breaches of law in protest against what?
Who argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects "a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken"?
Brownlee believes disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects what?
What do some theories of civil disobedience hold?
Along with trade unions, banks, and private agencies, what is an example of a non-governmental agency that Brownlee opposes?
What is it usually recognized that lawbreaking must be publicly announced in order to constitute what?
What does Stephen Eilmann argue should disobedience take the form of public civil disobedience rather than?
What did Hitler's secret police want to know?
What is the name of the book of Exodus?
Who refused a direct order of Pharaoh?
What must happen in order to constitute civil disobedience?
What does Stephen Eilmann argue it is necessary to disobey?
What might a lawyer do to help a client overcome legal obstacles to securing her or his natural rights?
What did the Fully Informed Jury Association's publication "A Primer for Prospective Jurors" note?
 civil disobedience could be traced back to what?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is more destructive?
Civil disobedients' refraining from violence help preserve what?
What does Black's Law Dictionary not include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What must civil disobedience be?
What is more destructive?
How is rebellion more destructive than civil disobedience?
Why is it said that civil disobedients' refraining from violence helps?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who did Ferenc Deák claim directed civil disobedience against the Austrian government?
Who was the leader of the Hungarians?
Who's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
What does civil disobedience aim to change?
What is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the reason for non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the goal of non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who was the leader of India?
When did the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience take place?
What did Jews do to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem?
How was Thoreau's arrest covered?
What happened to the tax collector who arrested Thoreau?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
When did the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience take place?
Why did Jews gather in the streets?
What do some activists do until certain demands are met?
What is solitary civil disobedience a form of?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
What type of acts have civil disobedients chosen?
What may illegal protests serve for?
What group brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the US Government?
How long did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna?
Why did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna?
What have civil disobedients chosen?
What is trespassing?
What kind of protests may serve a propaganda purpose?
What was the goal of the dispensaries and Voice in the Wilderness?
Who lived in Luna for 738 days?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
What did Joseph Haas say in an email?
What is pure speech?
What was the result of WBAI broadcasting the track "Filthy Words"?
When was FCC v. Pacifica Foundation decided?
What type of behavior can civil disobedience consist of engaging in?
What did WBAI do that led to the case of FCC v. Pacifica?
What is a classic way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
What does civil disobedience make it more difficult for?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
How did the Plowshares close GCSB Waihopai?
What type of coercion may civil disobedients find it necessary to employ in order to get their issue onto the table?
In what way might these acts be considered?
What is an example of civil disobedience?
What do civil disobedients have to use to get their issue onto the table?
What is the conscientious aim of civil disobedients?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
Civil disobedience cases are similar to what other type of investigations?
A suspect may need to decide whether or what of his property?
What can serve no useful purpose?
Why have some civil disobedients found it hard to resist responding to investigators?
What do some civil disobedients do to make an impression on the officers?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to do?
What do some civil disobedients believe?
What do some civil disobedients not believe in?
What group of people don't believe in the legitimacy of any government?
What do anarchists see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law?
What is an important decision for civil disobedients?
What do some people believe a civil disobedient's duty is?
How do you feel about pleading not guilty?
What does pleading not guilty send a message of?
What is it called when a defendant says "I plead for the beauty that surrounds us"?
Where was the protest held?
What did 13 of the protesters do when they knew they would be arrested?
What happened to the people who stepped across the line?
What did Heisler advise the arrested persons to plead?
What was the sentence given to the arrested persons?
Why might protesters go to jail?
Why do protesters go to jail?
What is the key point?
What is an accession to 'the rules'?
What does the prosecution propose to civil disobedients?
What did the Camden 28 defendants receive in a plea bargain?
What do activists use to secure the same plea bargain for everyone?
What is it called when an activist pleads guilty without a plea agreement?
Who pleaded guilty?
What type of speech can a civil disobedience defendant make in allocution?
What is the purpose of a speech in allocution?
What is an attempt to avoid responsibility for her actions?
What is the likelihood of her illegal actions repeating?
What did some of the protesters complain about?
What is the primary goal of a defendant pleading not guilty?
What do defendants do if they plead not guilty?
What do defendants use the proceedings as a forum to do?
During what war did the Chicago Eight use a political defense?
What do some civil disobedients seek?
What is neither conscientious nor of social benefit?
What type of disobedience is considered to be?
What is not civil disobedience?
What is a protestor who tries to escape punishment by fleeing the jurisdiction viewed as?
Along with denying having committed the crime, what is another way a protestor can avoid punishment?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not the object of protest?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not the object of protest?
During what war did courts typically refuse to excuse the perpetrators of illegal protests?
What did the judge instruct the jury to disregard?
Why have many of the activists escaped prosecution?
Along with deterrence, what is a major goal of criminal punishment?
What is the most important consideration in deciding whether or not to impose punishment?
Who decides whether to allow judges to rule on utilitarian grounds?
What does Brownlee believe the threat of punishment focuses on instead of?
What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure?
What does construction differ from?
What percentage of the gross domestic product of developed countries does construction make up?
What does construction start with?
Who does construction typically take place on location for?
Who normally manages the job?
Who supervises the job?
What is essential for the successful execution of a project?
What are the largest construction projects referred to as?
Who must consider zoning requirements?
What are the three sectors of construction?
What are the two divisions of building construction?
What is another name for infrastructure?
What is heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering?
 refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants are examples of what?
What is Engineering News-Record?
What is the abbreviation for Engineering News-Record?
In what year did ENR compile the data in nine market segments?
What did they use to rank firms as heavy contractors?
What are the three subsectors of the construction sector?
What are the other categories for?
Which two classification systems have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction?
What is a construction manager?
What is the process of adding structure to real property?
What are the majority of building construction jobs?
Who acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project?
What are some undesirable end results of building projects of varying sizes?
What do those with experience in the field do during a project to ensure a positive outcome?
What must residential construction practices, technologies, and resources conform to?
What dictates the construction materials used?
What can residential construction generate?
What can vary dramatically on a per square meter or per square foot basis for houses?
What technology has made possible new techniques of building construction?
How long does it take to build a small commercial building?
How much material can be printed in an hour?
How much building material can be printed in an hour?
What is the purpose of a formal design team?
In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of what?
Who is the design team most commonly employed by?
Who provides a bill of quantities?
Who does the owner typically award a contract to?
The modern trend in design is toward integration of what?
In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be what?
What can a construction firm offer itself as for a construction project?
What is it called when a contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction?
What are some ways that a project structure can assist the owner in integration?
What services do these structures allow the owner to integrate?
What are many companies putting more emphasis on?
What can a construction project suffer from?
Why do underbids happen?
When do cash flow problems arise?
What is a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field?
Who are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project?
What is highly likely to be present in small projects?
Who studies the expected monetary flow over the life of the project?
What can cause cost overruns with government projects?
Who applies expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation?
What must a project adhere to?
Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit who?
What is malum in se considerations?
What are malum prohibitum considerations?
Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built?
What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?
What is the exchange of obligations between two or more parties?
What does the time element in construction mean?
What must a contract be designed to ensure?
What type of contracts lead to confusion and collapse?
What type of contracting involves a co-operative relationship between the principal and contractor?
What does PPs stand for?
What is another name for Public-Private Partnering?
What is the focus on to ameliorate the many problems that arise from the often highly competitive and adversarial practices within the construction industry?
Who acts as the project coordinator?
What does the architect or engineer act as?
What are the direct contractual links between?
Who is the architect's client connected to?
What does the procedure continue until?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
Who presents different ideas about how to accomplish these goals?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
What is another term for a group of contractors working together?
What happens as they build phase 1?
Who is required to verify and have existing utility lines marked before digging?
What is less likely to happen to the existing electrical, water, sewage, and cable facilities?
What does this lessens the likelihood of damage to?
Who inspects the construction of a building periodically?
What may be issued after a final inspection?
What was the annual revenue of the industry in the US in 2014?
How much of the industry's revenue is private?
How many contractors were there in 2005?
How many employees did the average contractor have in 2005?
How many women were employed in the construction industry in 2011?
What is the average earning for a professional in the Middle East?
What is the average earning for a professional in the UK?
In what countries have some construction workers made more than $100,000 annually?
What is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world?
What is one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers?
What are other major causes of fatalities in the construction industry?
What can curtail the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry?
What are private schools also known as?
What type of scholarship might a student in a private school have?
What do private schools charge their students?
What right do private schools retain?
What is the average annual tuition at a preparatory school in New England?
What is another term for 'free'?
Along with the United Kingdom and Canada, what other Commonwealth country uses the term "secondary"?
In what country is private education available?
What is year twelve known as?
What is the secondary level's year 13 called?
What is another name for university-preparatory schools?
Along with the location of the school, the willingness of parents to pay and the school's financial endowment, what is a factor in determining the cost of private secondary schools?
Who do schools claim high tuition is used to pay higher salaries for?
What type of schools are parochial schools?
Along with Protestants, Jews, Muslims and Muslims, what religious group is represented in K-12 private education?
What type of education do some schools teach?
What is a tool not readily available to government schools?
What is a compulsory uniform in Australian private schools?
Are private schools in Australia more or less expensive than public schools?
Along with the Anglican Church, Uniting Church, and the Uniting church, what is an example of a large, long-established religious foundation?
What type of school is St Joseph's College?
Where is St Aloysius' College located?
For what gender is Loreto Normanhurst?
In what article of the Grundgesetz is the right to create private schools in Germany?
What is the unusual protection of private schools meant to protect them from?
What was the percentage of pupils in German schools in 2008?
What percentage of students in private high schools reached what percentage?
What was the percentage of pupils in schools in the former GDR in 1992?
What is the name of the law that forbids segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents?
What are ordinary primary or secondary schools called?
How much do most Ersatzschulen charge in tuition?
What are secondary or post-secondary schools called?
What type of school are most of these schools?
What do Ergänzungsschulen charge their students?
What type of groups often run Ergänzungsschulen?
What are private schools called in India?
Along with the CISCE and NENBSE, what is a notable examination board?
How many different Examination Boards are there?
Along with the state governments, what government is responsible for schools?
Along with non-profit trusts, who can run schools in India?
In what country can only non-profit trusts and societies run schools?
What does ASER stand for?
What does ASER do?
What is the medium of education in private schools?
What are private schools in Ireland called?
Why are private schools unusual in Ireland?
What is the average annual fee for most schools?
What is the name of the religious order that runs fee-paying schools?
What is the average annual fee for boarding schools?
When was Malaysia's independence?
What was the nationality of the people that caused an uproar?
What language are Chinese secondary schools required to change to?
What system did the government instruct all schools to be assimilated into?
How many schools converted to National Type schools?
What are schools that accept government funds called?
How are private 'un-aided' schools funded?
Where is the Galaxy Public School located?
What is the medium of education in Nepal?
What is the state's official language?
How many private schools are there in New Zealand?
How many students attend private schools in New Zealand?
What percentage of New Zealand's student population are in private schools?
What type of school system integrated in 1979-1984?
What is the largest city in New Zealand?
What type of school is King's College and Diocesan School for Girls?
Where is Samuel Marsden Collegiate School?
Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College are examples of what type of school?
Where is Christ's College and St Margaret's College located?
What is the name of the Catholic schismatic group that operates the three private schools in Wanganui?
What percentage of primary enrollment does the private sector account for in the Philippines?
What percentage of secondary enrollment does the private sector account for?
What percentage of tertiary enrollment does the private sector account for in the Philippines?
When was the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools issued?
Along with English, mathematics and English, what subject was replaced with values education for third and fourth years?
What scheme provides financial assistance for students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows?
What is geared to students enrolled in priority courses in postsecondary and non-degree programmes?
What is made available to underprivileged high school graduates?
What recognizes two categories of schools?
When was the South African Schools Act passed?
Along with public schools, what type of school is included in the South African Schools Act?
What type of school is independent?
In what century were some of the oldest church schools in South Africa established?
What does the term "Model C" continue to be used to describe?
Do these schools produce better or worse academic results than government schools?
Do former model C schools tend to set higher or lower school fees than other public schools?
What percentage of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008?
How many students does Kunskapsskolan teach?
How many employees does Kunskapsskolan have?
What does Kunskapsskolan mean?
What is the name of the model that gives Swedish pupils the option to choose the school they prefer?
At what age do preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils to enter public schools?
What are some of these schools also known as?
What percentage of children are attending fee-paying schools at GSCE level?
At what age do preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils to enter public schools?
What is the maximum annual fee for day pupils?
What was the name of the 1954 court case that demanded US schools desegregate?
Since the 1970s, many of what have shut down?
Where did many white students migrate to the academies?
What race of students migrated to the academies?
What type of students became more heavily concentrated in public schools?
Along with student tuition, scholarship/voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals, what type of funding is provided for private schools?
The Establishment Clause of what amendment of the Constitution forbids government funding of religious schools?
What amendment of the First Amendment forbids government funding of religious schools?
What type of public funding would a non-religious private school prefer?
In what state was compulsory education first introduced?
In what year was compulsory education introduced in Massachusetts?
When was Wisconsin v. Yoder decided?
What was Pierce v. Society of Sisters?
What was the name of the 1976 case in which the US Supreme Court heard 427 U.S. cases?
How much did day schools in New York City charge in 2012?
How much did boarding schools charge in the United States in 2012?
What is an example of a leading school with a large endowments?
What did the Groton School use to supplement its endowments?
Who was the first benefactor of Harvard?
In what year did the college become coeducational?
Who led the university through the Great Depression and World War II?
What organization was Harvard a founding member of in 1900?
Who was the President of the United States after the American Civil War?
What is the world's largest academic and private library system?
How many libraries does the Harvard Library have?
How many volumes does the Harvard Library have?
How many U.S. presidents have graduated from Harvard?
How many Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Imperial?
Where is the main campus of Harvard located?
How much is Harvard's financial endowment?
The business school and athletics facilities of Harvard are located across what river?
How many academic units is Harvard divided into?
Where is the main campus of Harvard located?
When was Harvard formed?
What colony was Harvard formed in?
In what year did the college become home for North America's first known printing press?
When was Harvard College renamed?
When was the charter for Harvard Corporation granted?
Who did the College train in the early years?
What type of curriculum did the colony offer?
Was the college affiliated with any particular denomination?
When did the president of Harvard Joseph Willard die?
Who was appointed to the presidency of Harvard two years later?
In what year was Henry Ware elected to the chair of Harvard?
Who gave the natural history lectures in 1846?
Along with observation, what did Agassiz combine with science?
Who were the two Scottish philosophers that influenced Common Sense Realism?
Who was president from 1869 to 1909?
What was Eliot's religion?
From whom did these convictions derive?
Who was president of Imperial from 1933-1953?
What did Conant devise programs to do?
When was the Report published?
How many women attended Harvard College for every man?
When was the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe?
What happened after the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe?
How far away is the State House from Harvard Yard?
How many residential houses do sophomore, junior, and senior undergraduates live in?
What river is south of Harvard Yard?
Where are the other three residential neighborhoods located?
Where is the Harvard Business School located?
What is the name of the pedestrian bridge that connects the two campuses?
Where are the Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and the Harvard school of Public Health located?
What percentage of land does the University of Cambridge own in Allston?
What are some proposals to connect the Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus?
What are some of the benefits of the expansion?
How many professors, lecturers, and instructors instruct students at Harvard?
How many undergraduates are taught by professors at Harvard?
How many graduate students are there at Harvard?
When was the first vote of the student body?
When was the association with some form of red traced back to?
What was the value of Apple in 2011?
How much did the company lose in 2008-09?
What was the name of the $1.2 billion science complex that Harvard halted construction of in 2011?
How much was Harvard's Pell Grant reserve in 2012?
What was Harvard's total financial aid reserve in 2012?
When was the divestment from South Africa movement?
Who gave a speech at Harvard in the late 1980s?
How much did the university reduce its South African holdings by?
What was the acceptance rate for the class of 2019?
When did Harvard College end its early admissions program?
Why did Harvard end its early admissions program?
In what year was an Early Action program reintroduced to Harvard?
What was required of entering students between 1978 and 2008?
How many courses have undergraduates been required to take since 2008?
What does the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, The New York Times and some students criticize Harvard for?
How long does a semester last at Harvard?
What is required to be considered full-time?
What is the degree given to students in the top 4-5% of the class?
What percentage of students received Latin honors in 2005?
What was the annual tuition for the 2012-13 school year?
What was the total cost of attendance for the 2012-13 school year?
What did families with incomes below $60,000 pay in 2007?
How much money did Harvard offer in 2009?
What percentage of Harvard's undergraduates receive grants?
Where is the Harvard University Library System centered?
What are the three most popular libraries for undergraduates?
Where is America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases stored?
How many volumes does the Harvard University Library System hold?
How many museums are in the Harvard Art Museums?
What does the Fogg Museum of Art cover?
What is the name of the museum that focuses on the cultural history of the Western Hemisphere?
Since what year has it consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities?
When were the first league tables published for The World Reputation Rankings?
Where does Harvard rank in terms of "dream college"?
How many intercollegiate sports does the Harvard Crimson compete in?
Who does Harvard have an intense athletic rivalry with?
When is the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world?
When did the annual football meeting between Harvard and Yale begin?
When was Harvard Stadium built?
In what year did the camp support revolutionary new rules?
What was Walter Camp's career?
What is the name of the multi-purpose arena that houses the Harvard basketball teams?
What is the MAC?
How many weight rooms are in the building?
How old was the Harvard-Yale Regatta?
On what river is the festival held?
What is the rivalry between the Harvard men's ice hockey team and Cornell?
When did Harvard win the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships?
Who is the U.N. Secretary?
Who is the Colombian President?
Who is the Costa Rican president?
Who is the Israeli Prime Minister?
What is the name of the comedian, television show host and writer?
Who was the conductor of the orchestra?
Which cellist is a notable example of a composer?
Who was a notable civil rights leader?
Who is the Fields Medalist mathematician?
Which legal scholars are on Harvard's faculty?
What Shakespeare scholar is a member of Harvard's faculty?
What is the largest city by population in Florida?
What was the population of Jacksonville in 2010?
Where does Jacksonville rank in population in the US?
What county is the county seat?
When did the city government consolidate?
What river is Jacksonville located on?
How far is Jacksonville from Miami?
What was the name of the French colony that was established in 1564?
What was the original name of the people that lived in the area?
Who was the first military governor of the Florida Territory?
Where does the Port of Jacksonville rank in terms of seaport size?
What type of tourism is important to the Jacksonville area?
How many US Navy bases does Florida's riverine location facilitate?
What are other names for people from Jacksonville?
How many years has the area of Jacksonville been inhabited?
Who discovered the oldest pottery in the US?
Where is Black Hammock Island located?
In the 16th century, the region was inhabited by the Mocama, the beginning of what era?
What is the earliest recorded name for the area that is now downtown Jacksonville?
Who discovered the St. Johns River?
What country did Ribault claim the land for?
Who did Philip II of Spain order to attack the French presence at Fort Caroline?
What did the Spanish call the fort?
What was the first European settlement in the Marshall Islands?
After what war did Spain cede Florida to the British?
What did the British do to connect St. Augustine to Georgia?
What does the name Cow Ford or Cowford refer to?
Who ceded Florida to the British in 1763?
When was the charter for a town government approved?
What side of the Civil War was Jacksonville a supply point for?
What was the name of the first Confederate victory in Florida?
What was the name of the battle in 1864 that resulted in a Confederate victory?
What left the city disrupted after the war?
What was the name of the battle that took place in March 1864?
During Reconstruction and what other age did Jacksonville and St. Augustine become popular winter resorts?
What president attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition?
What caused a major blow to the city's tourism in the late 19th century?
What drew visitors to other areas?
Along with steamboat, by what other means did visitors arrive?
What type of moss was found at the mattress factory?
How many buildings were destroyed?
What did Governor Jennings do?
What was the largest urban fire in the southeastern United States?
What type of filmmakers were attracted to Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What type of film studios were established in Jacksonville?
What was Jacksonville's nickname during the silent film era?
What major film production center ended the city's film industry?
What led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs?
What was the percentage of non-Hispanic white people in 2010?
What was the name of the wave of middle class that left Jacksonville with a much poorer population?
Who was responsible for the construction of a new city hall, civic auditorium, public library and other projects?
After what war did Jacksonville suffer from the effects of rapid urban sprawl?
What caused problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits?
What type of residents had difficulty obtaining municipal services?
What did the city of Jacksonville begin in 1958?
Who rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965?
What type of network were most of the city's officials elected through?
How many officials were indicted?
What was the name of the group led by J. Daniel and Claude Yates?
What happened in 1964 to all 15 of Duval County's public high schools?
What happened in the 1967 referendum?
Who was the mayor of Atlantic City at the time of the "Bold New City of the South"?
What was the name of the city that was marked at Florida 13 and Julington Creek?
What was promoted as a blueprint for Jacksonville's future?
What did the Better Jacksonville Plan do?
What is the total area of Jacksonville?
What divides the city?
What is the major tributary of the St. Johns River?
What percentage of Jacksonville's land is water?
What town does Jacksonville surround?
What is the tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville?
What was the Bank of America Tower originally called?
What is the height of the building?
How many floors was the Riverplace Tower?
What makes the Wells Fargo Center the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline?
What type of climate does Jacksonville have?
When are the warmest months?
What type of weather does Jacksonville have in the winter?
What is the latitude of Jacksonville?
What was the highest temperature recorded?
What type of weather can erupt during a typical summer afternoon?
Along with the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, what is the other factor that causes the extremely high humidity?
In what month does the average mean monthly temperature reach 82 degrees?
What was the only hurricane to hit the First Coast with sustained hurricane-force winds?
What was the wind speed when the eye crossed St. Augustine?
What hit Jacksonville on May 28, 2012?
On what scale did the eye cross St. Augustine?
In what year did Jacksonville suffer damage?
What is Jacksonville's tenth largest population?
How many people lived in Bern in 2010?
How does Jacksonville's Arab population rank among US cities?
What is Florida's largest American community?
What percentage of households were made up of individuals?
What percentage of households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
For every 100 males, how many females were there?
How many males were there for every 100 females age 18 and over?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% own in 2000?
How many people are in the world's population?
What is the maximum amount of assets a person can have in the top percentile?
What has caused Oxfam's claims to be questioned?
What is a diversion?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% own in 2000?
What do the three richest people in the world possess more of than the lowest 48 nations combined?
What was the combined wealth of the 10 million dollar millionaires in 2008?
What percentage of the population is the bottom?
Why is there more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China?
According to PolitiFact, how many richest Americans are there?
What newspaper said that the wealthiest 1 percent now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
What did over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans do?
According to PolitiFact, the top 400 richest Americans have more of what than half of all Americans combined?
Who owns more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
What percentage of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
Who said that over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
What views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land?
What does neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
Why are there differences in value added within labor income distribution?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what?
How are wages and profits determined?
What does neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What is the cause of differences within labor income distribution?
What are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor?
What are some economic actors?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what?
What are capitalist firms under competitive pressure to do?
What happens when the organic composition of capital increases?
What happens to the "reserve army of labour"?
What does the substitution of capital equipment for labor cause for the capitalist class?
What do Marxian firms substitute capital equipment for?
What are capitalist firms under competitive pressure to do?
What do capitalist firms increasingly do for labor inputs?
What does the substitution of capital equipment for labor raise in each worker?
What is the wages for the working class?
What will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer?
Under what law is the price of skill determined?
What happens to employers who offer below market wages?
What will competitors do to take advantage of the situation?
What are the outcomes of markets often viewed as?
What determines the wages of workers?
Wages work in the same way as what for any other good?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations?
What can also concentrate wealth?
What are the outcomes of markets often viewed as?
What tends to drive down wages?
What is it called when there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time for a job that few require?
A job where there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions will result in what?
How can members receive higher wages?
What may limit the supply of workers?
A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time will result in what?
What drives down the wage?
Why does competition amongst workers tend to drive down wages?
What is the supply of workers willing to work a large amount of time?
Competition between whom will drive up the wage?
Higher economic inequality tends to increase what at the individual level?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What is the motivation for necessity-based entrepreneurship?
What is another term for achievement-oriented motivations?
What type of entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations?
What tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level?
What is most of it based on?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What type of motivations does opportunity-based entrepreneurship have?
What type of entrepreneurialism is expected to have more of an impact on economic growth?
What is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases?
In a progressive tax system, what will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
Steeper tax progressivity applied to what can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
Along with the rate at which income is taxed, what other factor contributes to the progressivity of income?
What increases as the taxable base amount increases?
What will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What type of progressivity can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
What is an indicator for the effects of taxation?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What do people who can't afford an education choose not to pursue?
What does it mean for those who can't afford an education?
What group of people does education help unleash the productive potential of?
A lack of education leads to lower aggregate what?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What does education create for those with it?
Do people who can't afford an education receive higher or lower wages?
What does a lack of education lead to?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What did S&P recommend to partially remedy the wealth gap?
How much money would have been added to the US economy if the average worker had completed just one more year of school?
What did the Standard & Poor's rating agency say the widening disparity between the wealthiest and the rest of the nation made it more prone to?
What is the name of the rating agency?
In what year did economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency conclude that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession?
When was the last recession in the U.S.?
What did S&P recommend to partially remedy the wealth gap?
How much money would have been added to the US economy if the average worker had completed just one more year of school?
What did the Standard & Poor's rating agency say the widening disparity between the wealthiest and the rest of the nation made it more prone to?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What happened to skilled workers during the mass high school education movement?
What happened to the price of skilled labor during the mass high school education movement?
What can result in low economic growth?
What did the decrease in wages cause?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers lead to?
What was the purpose of high school during this period?
What is very important for the growth of the economy?
What can result in low economic growth?
What has remained strong in continental Europe?
The US economy has a lower level of economic mobility than what other countries?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor market outcomes?
What type of liberalism has remained strong?
John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer point to the decline of union membership as one of the causes of what?
What did they conclude the US economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of?
John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer are members of what group?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor market outcomes?
Does the U.S. economy provide a higher or lower level of economic mobility than other continental European countries?
What country has low levels of inequality?
What goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-versa?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What did Rosenfield say has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than organized labor?
What is Jake Rosenfield's profession?
Where is Jake Rosenfield from?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
How high is the rate of unionization in Scandinavia?
High inequality goes hand-in-hand with what?
What may happen to low-skilled workers in the rich countries when they trade with poor countries?
What happens to low-skilled workers in poor countries when they trade with rich countries?
What other cause of inequality is larger than trade?
What has replaced low-skilled jobs in wealthier nations?
Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from what scale?
Who may see increased wages when rich countries trade with poor countries?
What has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the US?
How big is the effect of trade on inequality in America?
What has replaced low-skilled jobs in wealthier nations?
What is the income gap in Botswana?
What is the income gap in Bahrain?
Are women more or less willing to travel or relocate?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of whom?
What is the pay gap in favor of males in the labor market?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of whom?
Which gender is more likely to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
Who wrote Knowledge and Decisions?
Is there a difference in earnings between women and men?
What is an example of a possible redistribution mechanism that would help more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have what kind of distributions of wealth?
As a country develops, it acquires what?
Social welfare programs are an example of what?
What is Simon Kuznets?
What did Kuznets argue was in large part the result of stages of development?
As a country develops, it acquires what?
As a country develops, it acquires more capital, the owners of this capital have what?
What do more developed countries move back to?
During what years did income inequality fall in the United States?
When did income inequality begin to rise?
What sector did Kuznets' cycle move to?
What sector did Kuznets' cycle move from?
What is the name of the curve that plotted the relationship between level of income and inequality?
What is the name of the curve that Kuznets created?
What has more recent testing of the theory with superior panel data shown?
What will happen to the population over time?
What is it possible for multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in at any given time?
What is a theoretical process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals?
According to the theory, those who already hold wealth have what?
What does Piketty believe is the fundamental force for divergence?
What generates higher returns?
Where does wealth concentrate under certain conditions?
Who has the means to invest in new sources of wealth?
What can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society?
Who wrote Capital in the Twenty-First Century?
What does Piketty argue that larger fortunes generate?
What should serve as a brake on wealth and income concentration?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What type of skills will the market bid up compensation for?
What does Stiglitz believe is a better explainer of growing inequality?
What is the non-market force that Stiglitz argues may better be explained by?
Higher rates of health and social problems and lower rates of social goods are effects of what?
When is there a lower level of economic growth?
What is lower in more unequal countries?
Higher rates of health and social problems and lower rates of social goods are effects of what?
Is life expectancy higher or lower in more unequal countries?
When did Shiller say that rising inequality is the most important problem?
What did Shiller say was the most important problem?
High and persistent unemployment has a positive or negative effect on long-run economic growth?
What can harm growth?
Increasing inequality harms what type of growth?
What nationality are Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett?
Are higher or lower rates of health and social problems found in countries with higher inequality?
Are higher or lower rates of social goods found in countries with higher inequality?
How many developed countries were used in the study?
In countries and states with higher rates of social goods, what do they have a higher rate of?
What did higher living standards lead to?
Where does the pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still hold?
What increases rapidly as per capita income increases?
Who has the highest GDP per capita?
How was income distributed in Japan?
What is the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries?
Who created an index of "Health and Social Problems"?
How many factors did Wilkinson and Pickett use to create their index?
Where did Wilkinson and Pickett find health and social problems more common?
What does the UNICEF index correlate with?
Crime has also been shown to be correlated with what in society?
Most studies looking into the relationship have concentrated on what?
How many studies have there been showing tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger?
What can about half of all variation in homicide rates be accounted for?
How much of a difference in homicide rates did Daly find between the U.S. and Canadian Provinces?
What is the utilitarian principle?
A house that provides less utility to a millionaire as a summer home is an example of reduced what within society?
An additional dollar spent by a poor person will go to things that provide what to that person?
What happens to the marginal utility of wealth?
A society with more equality will have what?
What should be the measure of inequality?
What is the Cato Institute?
In what year was consumption inequality lower than it was in 1986?
Who wrote "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor"?
What is Thomas B. Edsall's profession?
What is Rajan's profession?
What does Rajan argue has created deep financial fault lines?
What is the most recent example of Rajan's argument?
What has political pressure developed to extend to the lower and middle income earners?
What has political pressure developed to extend to the lower and middle income earners?
What is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth spells?
Along with high levels of inequality, what else does inequality prevent?
What happens to GDP growth if the income share of the top 20 percent increases?
What is an increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent associated with?
Which two groups matter the most for growth?
What is David Castells-Quintana's profession?
What does increasing inequality harm?
High and persistent unemployment has a negative effect on what?
Why can unemployment harm growth?
Policies aimed at controlling unemployment and reducing its effects are aimed at reducing what?
What did Stiglitz present in 2009?
How does inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What is the main reason for the shift?
What has become the secret to growth?
When did Galor and Zeira show that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development?
Is inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections beneficial or detrimental to human capital formation?
What did Perotti study in 1996?
What is inequality associated with higher levels of?
What is one of the reasons that unequal societies tend to be more unstable?
Do high levels of inequality encourage or reduce growth in relatively poor countries?
Do high levels of inequality reduce or encourage growth in richer countries?
What did Barro find there was little overall relation between income inequality and rates of?
Where did Robert Barro work?
When was the study of Swedish counties done?
Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming what?
When does the Kuznets curve hypothesis state that with economic development, inequality does what?
Who claims that wars and political shocks reduced inequality from 1914 to 1945?
What is Thomas Piketty's profession?
What did Piketty claim reduced inequality from 1914 to 1945?
When were some theories developed that suggested inequality may have a positive effect on economic development?
According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy were thought to offset what?
Has Nigeria's growth risen or fallen?
How long does it take for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth?
Longer growth spells are robustly associated with what?
What must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth?
What determines the growth elasticity of poverty?
Along with the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, what is a major factor in reducing poverty?
What organization is Ban Ki-Moon the Secretary General of?
What did Ban Ki-Moon say economic growth is not sufficient for progress on?
What is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system?
How is much unregistered property held?
What type of ownership is excessive bureaucratic red tape a reason for?
How many steps can it take in some countries to buy property?
In some countries it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on what?
What is caused in part by income inequality?
From 1984 to 1991, the number of what decreased?
Why did the number of quality rental units decrease?
What caused rental prices to increase in East New York?
What type of property tax policy made it difficult or impossible for low income residents to keep up with rising prices?
Who shares the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care?
What are people on lower incomes worse equipped to manage?
What describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts?
What is one way of achieving aspirational consumption?
The result of more inequality leads to even greater inequality and potential what?
What happens when there is more economic inequality?
The increase in environmental degradation is the result of the increase of what?
What happens when there is more waste and pollution?
When can human inequality be addressed while still not resulting in an increase of environmental damage?
What do socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to?
What does the private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners create?
What are two forms of income that the majority of the population is dependent on?
How should the means of production be owned?
What do socialists argue that income differentials should be?
Who argued that government redistributes wealth by force?
What did Nozick believe was a form of force to redistribute wealth?
How did Robert Nozick argue that government redistributes wealth?
What did Nozick believe some modern economic inequalities were the result of?
When did John Rawls argue that inequalities in the distribution of wealth are justified?
What does the human development approach look at income inequality and poverty as?
Economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than what?
What is the goal of the program?
How is the goal to widen people's choices and the level of their achieved well-being?
What is agency?
What happens when a person's capabilities are lowered?
Can an old, ill man earn as much as a young man?
What may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home?
Why might people not go to work?
What can people work towards?
Who produces Doctor Who?
When did the BBC begin producing Doctor Who?
What is the name of the ship in which Doctor Who explores the universe?
What did the exterior of the show appear to be in 1963?
What genre is Doctor Who?
When did the programme originally run?
Who relaunched the show in 2005?
What was the name of the single pilot episode of Doctor Who in 1981?
Who produced the show in-house?
Who played the title role in the first series?
How many actors have played the Doctor?
Who took on the role of the Doctor after Matt Smith's exit?
What was the 2013 Christmas special called?
When does the Doctor take on a new body and personality?
Along with a new body, what does the Doctor take on in the show?
What planet is the main character of Doctor Who from?
What did Doctor Who use to flee from Gallifrey?
What is the name of the time machine that Doctor Who used to flee from Gallifrey?
What allows the TARDIS to take on the appearance of local objects?
Why is the Doctor's TARDIS fixed as a blue British Police box?
How often does the Doctor travel alone?
Who is a renegade Time Lord?
What can the Doctor do when his body is mortally damaged?
What is the name of his companions?
What is the Doctor?
On what date did Doctor Who first appear on BBC TV?
What was the name of the second Doctor Who serial?
Why was the script rejected?
Who did Whitaker commission to write a story under the title The Mutants?
How long was each episode?
How many seasons did the series run?
Who was the controller of BBC 1 in 1989?
What was the name of the documentary that aired in 1990?
What did the BBC repeatedly affirm that?
On what channel was 'Doctor Who' broadcast?
What was the BBC hoping to find an independent production company to do?
Who approached the BBC about a TV series in 1989?
On what network was the Who television film broadcast?
How many viewers watched the film in the UK?
Where was Philip Segal from?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who episode that aired in 2005?
In what year did the Doctor Who series return?
When was the last full series filmed?
Who was Moffat's replacement in 2018?
What has happened every year since 2005?
During what years was the original Doctor Who series?
What version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963-1989 series?
When was the last telefilm of Doctor Who?
What are two examples of series relaunches that have been reboots?
What was the 1988 continuation of?
When did the BBC broadcast the first episode of the new series?
How long did it take for the first episode to go out?
How long was the first episode delayed?
What event caused the delay of the first episode?
Why did the BBC believe that many viewers had missed the introduction to a new series?
What phrase entered British pop culture?
What museum in London named their exhibition "Behind the Sofa"?
What did the Museum of the Moving Image call their 1991 exhibition celebrating Doctor Who?
What is 'The Walking Dead' known for?
What website called the show the "scariest TV show of all time"?
What was the most violent of the BBC's drama shows?
What percentage of the surveyed audience regarded the show as "very unsuitable for family viewing"?
Who said that Dr Who's violence is like comparing Monopoly with the property market in London?
What game did Philip Howard compare Dr Who with?
In what newspaper did Philip Howard respond to the findings of the survey?
What has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness?
What design did the BBC apply to use in merchandising?
What did Anthony Coburn conceive the police box as?
Who filed an objection to the trade mark claim in 1998?
When did the Patent Office rule in favor of the BBC?
How many seasons did Doctor Who originally run?
When did Doctor Who end?
How many episodes did The Daleks' Master Plan air?
What was the name of the rogue Time Lord that the Doctor battled in season 8?
What was the name of the season 20 of Doctor Who?
When did the serial format change?
How long were the episodes in the 2005 revival?
On what day of the week was an extended episode of Doctor Who usually broadcast?
What was the name of the 2008 episode that exceeded an hour in length?
In what year was 'The Eleventh Hour' aired?
How many Doctor Who episodes have been aired since 1963?
What is the most common length of Doctor Who episodes?
How many Christmas specials have there been?
How long is the longest Doctor Who Christmas episode?
In what year did Doctor Who have four additional specials ranging from 60 to 75 minutes?
Who were the first two Doctors?
How many video tape and film libraries were destroyed between 1964 and 1?
What seasons are missing from the BBC's archives?
In what year was the practice of wiping tapes and destroying "spare" film copies brought to a stop?
When were large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries destroyed?
Why have some episodes been returned to the BBC from other countries?
Who made early color videotape recordings off-air?
Along with The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve, what is the only story with a short clip from Marco Polo?
On what type of film were excerpts filmed from the television screen onto?
Where can audio versions of all of the lost episodes be found?
Who has released "official" reconstructions on VHS?
What animation studio did the BBC work with to reconstruct episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion?
When was The Invasion first broadcast?
What animation company animated The Reign of Terror?
When was The Invasion's DVD released?
What did producers introduce to permit the recasting of the main character?
When was the term "regeneration" first used?
Why was this first prompted?
What did Hartnell's Doctor refer to his regeneration as?
What did the Second Doctor undergo?
How many times can a Time Lord regenerate?
How many incarnations can a Time Lord have?
What episode showed the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations?
What serials established that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times?
When was Mawdryn Undead released?
Who starred as the War Doctor in 2013?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special?
Who played the Valeyard?
What was the name of the 1986 serial where Michael Jayston portrayed the Valeyard?
Who were the two Doctors in the fictional chronology?
What role did John Hurt play in the 50th anniversary special?
What was the name of the 1973 series of Doctor Who?
Who starred with Troughton and Pertwee in 1983's The Five Doctors?
In what story did the First Doctor encounter himself?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary episode of Doctor Who?
Who starred in the 1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
What was the name of the audio drama released in 2003?
Who starred in the audio drama The Four Doctors?
Along with Peter Davison, who starred in the 1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
In what year was Zagreus released?
In what 2013 episode did the Eleventh Doctor clarify he was the product of the twelfth regeneration?
In what 1976 episode was it hinted that the First Doctor may not have been the first incarnation?
What was the name of the 1983 episode in which the Fifth Doctor confirmed that he was in his fifth incarnation?
In what 2010 episode of Doctor Who did the Eleventh Doctor call himself "the Eleventh"?
When was Mawdryn Undead released?
What was the first serial of Doctor Who?
Who is the Doctor's granddaughter?
When was 'The Empty Child' released?
What happened to the Ninth Doctor's home planet?
In what film did Spielberg say he didn't have a brother?
What is the companion of the Doctor?
What is the only story in which the Doctor travels alone?
Who was the Doctor's first companions?
What was Barbara Wright's job?
What was the name of the Time Lady that Mary Tamm and Lalla Ward played?
What gender is the primary companion of the Doctor?
Who were the secondary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors?
Which Doctor became the first to travel with a married couple?
Who is the Doctor's newest traveling companion?
Who was Donna Noble?
Who was the executive producer of Doctor Who in 2005?
When did the Daleks first appear in Doctor Who?
What was the name of the character introduced in series 2 of Doctor Who?
In what series was the Master introduced?
What did Steven Moffat revive in the 50th Anniversary Special?
What is the name of the race that first appeared in the show's second serial in 1963?
What planet are the Daleks from?
What is the main role of the Dalek?
Who mutated the Daleks?
What is the main weakness of the Dalek?
Who is the Doctor's archenemy?
What is the Master?
Who played the Master in the 1996 Doctor Who movie?
What was the character of Professor Moriarty originally conceived as?
Who was the first actor to play the Master?
Who provided the character's re-introduction in the 2007 episode?
What was the name of the 2007 episode in which Derek Jacobi provided the character's re-introduction?
In what year was it revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation?
What was the name of the Time Lady?
Who plays this incarnation?
Who composed the original theme?
Where was Delia Derbyshire from?
What technique was used to build the various parts of the piano?
How many seasons were there in 1979-80?
What did Grainer ask when he saw the finished result?
Who recorded a different arrangement for season 18 in 1980?
Who recorded The Trial of a Time Lord in 1986?
Which Doctor's era lasted from season 24 to 1989?
Who provided a new closing credits arrangement for the return of the series in 2005?
What was the name of the 2005 Christmas episode?
What was the name of the 2007 Christmas special?
What radio station did the theme tune chart at number 228?
In what year did Gold return as composer?
Where did the theme tune of Classic FM's Hall of Fame chart in 2011?
Who returned as composer for the 2010 series?
Who played the Third Doctor?
What group released a disco version of the Doctor Who theme in 1978?
What number did the disco version of the Doctor Who theme reach in the UK charts?
What was the name of the single The Timelords released in 1988?
What was the name of the single The Timelords released in 1988?
Who was the most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years?
What was Simpson's first Doctor Who score?
During what time period did Simpson write music for many Doctor Who stories?
What was Simpson's final Doctor Who score?
What was the name of the film in which he made a cameo appearance?
Who has performed incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
Who has performed incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
When was the Doctor Who Prom celebrated?
What was the name of the specially filmed mini-episode?
Who composed the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
How many soundtrack releases have been released since 2005?
The first series featured tracks from what two series?
What did the fourth edition of Doctor Who contain?
What was the name of the 2010 Christmas special?
When was the soundtrack for Series 5 released?
What was reused for the 50th anniversary special?
What had the "DW" TARDIS insignia removed?
What is the primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors?
What was used for the Third Doctor's final season?
During which Doctor's run was the 50th anniversary special?
The first episode of Doctor Who premiered the day after what event?
Where did Doctor Who first appear?
When did Tom Baker occasionally draw audiences of over 12 million?
When was the "Dalekmania" period?
On what channel are Doctor Who episodes now repeated?
When did the show's viewership peak at 16 million?
What was seen as poor at the time?
What was the most popular soap opera at the time?
What was Coronation Street?
When was the third notable period of high ratings?
On what channel did The Five Doctors first appear?
In what country did Silver Nemesis first air?
In what city did the film premièred?
How long before the BBC One show did the film premièred in Canada?
When did The Five Doctors make its debut on PBS?
Who runs the show in Australia?
How much funding did the ABC provide for The Five Doctors in 1983?
Along with BBC UKTV and SF, on what channel were repeats of the series shown after SF's closure?
What did ABC do in 2003 for the show's 40th anniversary?
On what channel was 'Modern Family' first broadcast?
When did TVOntario pick up The Three Doctors?
What was the first show to air on TVOntario?
What Canadian cable channel did the series move to in 2009?
What show was cancelled due to accusations that it was racist?
Who would introduce an episode on TVO?
Who recorded a video for the Canadian broadcast?
What was played over the closing credits of the Canadian broadcast?
On what episode of Doctor Who did Billie Piper record a special video introduction?
When did CBC begin airing series two?
On what day was there a CFL double header in most of Canada?
In what countries are BBC serials available on DVD?
How many serials have been released on Laserdisc?
What was the name of the episode of Doctor Who released on VCD?
What 1970 story was released in July 2013?
When are the only series available on Blu-ray?
Who played the role of the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday?
What was the name of the play in which Pertwee and Baker both played the Doctor?
What was the name of the play that Terry Nation wrote without the Doctor?
What role did Trevor Martin play in the 1970s?
Who played the Doctor while Pertwee was ill?
What is the name of the Doctor Who spin-off series?
When did the series debut on BBC Three?
When did the second series of Torchwood air?
What was the name of the third series of Doctor Who?
What is the name of the fourth series of Torchwood?
Who starred in The Sarah Jane Adventures?
When did the full series of The Sarah Jane Adventures begin?
When did David Tennant appear as the Tenth Doctor?
When did Matt Smith appear as the Eleventh Doctor?
Why was the final series of the fifth series not finished?
What was the name of the 1993 charity special for Children in Need?
For what charity was Dimensions in Time produced?
What other soap opera did EastEnders crossover with?
What did the Pulfrich effect require?
What effect did the 3D system make use of?
What was the name of the Doctor Who special made for Comic Relief in 1999?
How many segments did the parody have?
Who played the Doctor?
Who played Hugh Grant?
What was Steven Moffat later to be?
What is another name for Star Trek: The Next Generation?
What Family Guy episodes have references to Doctor Who?
What Channel 4 series featured Vince?
What is the name of the character on Coupling who is a Doctor Who collector?
What are the names of two young adult fantasy novels with references to Doctor Who?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who television story?
How long was the first Doctor Who audio release?
What was the first Doctor Who audio released on LP?
When was the first commercially available audiobook released?
What was the first radio drama transmitted?
Who were the first three Doctors?
What was the name of the 2013 series of Doctor Who?
Who has released Doctor Who audios on CD since 1999?
When did Big Finish start releasing Doctor Who on CD?
When did Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor begin appearing for Big Finish?
When did the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures begin?
When were the first Doctor Who books published?
How long has a Doctor Who Magazine been published?
Who publishes the Doctor Who Adventures magazine?
Who publishes the novels for The Times?
When was the Doctor Who character created?
Who created the Doctor Who character?
Who has expressed distaste for the idea?
Who continues to produce the television episodes?
When did the show win the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series?
During what years did the show win five consecutive National Television Awards?
In what year did Matt Smith become the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA?
Who was the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for the series?
What award did Michelle Gomez receive for her work as Missy?
What is the longest-running science fiction television show in the world?
What television show received an Institutional Peabody in 2013?
What type of music was first used in Doctor Who?
In what year was Doctor Who honored with an Institutional Peabody?
What was the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama?
In what season did the series win a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial?
What was voted the "Best Popular Drama"?
In 2000, where was Doctor Who ranked in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century?
What magazine named the series the Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever?
How many ratings heavyw were EastEnders and Casualty?
What is the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated?
How many BAFTA TV Awards did 'EastEnders' win?
How many BAFTA Cymru Awards did it win?
When was Doctor Who voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4?
What award was "Vincent and the Doctor" shortlisted for?
How many times has the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation been won?
How many awards has Doctor Who been nominated for?
How many times has Doctor Who won an award?
Who won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards?
What was the winning episode of Doctor Who in 2010?
Who spoofed Doctor Who in his bathroom?
Who often impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers?
What does Spike Milligan hurl at the Dalek in his bathroom?
What has been lampooned on Saturday Night Live?
What BBC series does Culshaw often impersonate the Fourth Doctor?
What is the University of Chicago?
When was the university established?
How many professional schools does the university have?
How many academic research divisions does the university have?
How many students are in the College?
What have University of Chicago scholars played a major role in the development of?
Who helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction?
Where was the first self-sustaining nuclear reaction created?
What is the largest university press in the US?
When is the Barack Obama Presidential Center expected to be completed?
Who founded the University of Chicago?
Who donated the first donation to the University of Chicago?
Who was the first president of the University of Chicago?
When did William Rainey Harper become the University of Chicago's first president?
When were the first classes held at the University of Chicago?
Who donated the land for the University of Chicago?
Who provided the funds for the first building?
What was the name of the first building on the original campus?
How much did Marshall Field pledge for the first building?
Who was the trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Commons?
What was the University of Chicago affiliated with in the 1890s?
When was the university affiliated with Shimer College?
What did the University of Chicago agree to confer a degree on any graduating senior from an affiliated school who did?
What happened to the program in 1910?
When did the program pass into history?
Who was the fifth president of Washington University?
What is the name of the undergraduate college's liberal-arts curriculum?
Why did Hutchins eliminate varsity football from Washington University?
How long did Hutchins serve as president?
In what year did Robert Maynard Hutchins become president of Washington University?
In what decade did student applications decline?
Why did student applications decline in the Hyde Park neighborhood?
When did students enrolled at Shimer transfer automatically to the University of Chicago?
In what neighborhood did crime and poverty increase in the 1950s?
What was the purpose of the early entrant program?
In what year did students occupy President George Beadle's office?
Why did students occupy President George Beadle's office?
When was the Kalven Report issued?
How long was the report?
What was the focus of the university's policy?
When did the university begin a number of multimillion-dollar expansion projects?
What did the University of Chicago announce in 2008?
How much will the institute cost?
What is the name of the building that the institute will occupy?
Who donated $300 million to the Booth School of Business?
What are the first buildings of the University of Chicago campus now known as?
How many quadrangles are in the Main Quadrangles?
Who designed the Main Quadrangles?
What is Mitchell Tower modeled after?
What is Hutchinson Hall modeled after?
When did the Gothic style on campus begin to give way to modern styles?
Who was contracted to develop a second master plan in 1955?
What school was the building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for?
What is the home of the building designed by Edward Durrell Stone?
When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center built?
Where is the Booth School of Business located?
On what river is the Center in Paris located?
When did the University of Chicago open a center in Beijing?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's campus in Haidian District?
In what year did a center in Hong Kong open?
Who governs the University of Chicago?
How many members are on the Board of Trustees?
How many Vice Presidents are there?
Who is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees?
Who is the President of Washington University?
Who is the university accredited by?
How many divisions of graduate research does the University of Chicago have?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many academic majors does the College of the University of Chicago grant?
How many minors does the College of the University of Chicago offer?
How many divisions are the college's academics divided into?
What is the name of the new division of the college?
What is the name of the core curriculum of the University of Kansas?
How many students were in the Core classes at Chicago in 2012-2013?
According to Uni in the USA, what type of learning experience does the University of Chicago provide?
Who said that the University of Chicago provides the most rigorous, intense learning experience?
What is the name of the private day school operated by the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the residential treatment program for those with behavioral and emotional problems?
How many public charter schools does the University of Chicago operate?
How many public schools does the University of Chicago operate?
Where is the Hyde Park Day School located?
How many libraries does the University of Chicago Library system have?
How many volumes are in the University of Chicago Library system?
What is the name of the main library at Washington University?
When was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library built?
How many volumes are in the John Crerar Library?
How many research institutes does Northwestern operate?
How many research centers does Northwestern have on campus?
What is the name of the museum and research center for Near Eastern studies owned and operated by the university?
What is the name of the nearby particle physics laboratory that Northwestern and the U.S. Department of Energy share a stake in?
Where is the Apache Point Observatory located?
What has the university played an important role in in economics?
What was the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction?
What is the name of the chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth?
When wasREM sleep discovered at the university?
When was the first doctorate in music composition offered at Imperial?
In what year was a master of fine arts in visual arts added?
When was Cinema & Media studies added?
In what year was theater & performance studies added to the University of Kansas?
How many undergraduates enroll in creative and performing arts classes?
How many students attended the University of Chicago in the fall of 2014?
How many students were in the four graduate divisions of the University of Chicago in the fall of 2014?
How many students were in the professional schools of the University of Chicago in the fall of 2014?
How many students attended the University of Chicago in the fall of 2014?
In the 2012 Spring Quarter, who made up almost 19% of the overall study body?
What does UAA stand for?
What division do the Maroons compete in?
What conference was Northwestern a founding member of?
Who was the first winner of the Heisman Trophy?
Why did Washington University withdraw from the conference in 1946?
How many clubs and organizations do students at the University of Chicago run?
What does RSO stand for?
What is the name of a notable extracurricular group at the University of Chicago?
What is the nation's longest continuously running student film society?
What is the name of the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe?
Who makes up Student Government?
What group is led by the President of Washington University?
How many Vice Presidents does the Executive Committee have?
What is the annual budget of the Royal Institute?
How many fraternities are there at the University of Chicago?
How many sororities are there at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
How many of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council?
When is the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt held?
Since what year has the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt been held?
What does FOTA stand for?
What is the name of the winter festival held at the university?
What is the name of the annual music festival held at Washington University?
Who is the Microsoft CEO?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who is the third richest man in America?
What former Governor of New Jersey is an alumnus of KU?
Who was the author of the first management accounting textbook?
Who was the founder of modern community organizing?
Who was the top political advisor to President Bill Clinton?
Who was the first federal judge to attend Washington University?
Who was the Governor of the Bank of Japan?
What Prohibition agent graduated from Yale?
Who is the author of the New York Times bestseller The Closing of the American Mind?
What famous satirist is an alumni of the University of Kansas?
Who is the author of the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall?
Who wrote 'The Good War'?
Who is a Pulitzer Prize winning novelist?
What minimalist composer graduated from the University of Kansas?
Who is the developer of the Halo video game series?
What video game series did Bungie founder Alex Seropian develop?
What actor graduated from the University of Kansas?
What comedian graduated from the University of Kansas?
Who is a prominent contributor to the research of extraterrestrial life?
Who was the NASA astronaut that graduated from Imperial?
What popular environmentalist graduated from Imperial?
Who was a notable lithium-ion battery developer?
Who developed the uranium-lead dating method?
Who was a major advisor to Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher?
Who was a Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who is known for his work on portfolio theory?
Who are two of the most prominent alumni?
Who was a chess grandmaster?
Who was the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council?
Who was the speed of light calculator professor?
Who created the Compton Effect?
Who created the first nuclear reactor?
Who is one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century?
Who was the second female Nobel laureate?
What famous Egyptologist has been a faculty member of the Royal Institute?
What mathematician has been a faculty member of the University of Kansas?
What meteorologist has been a faculty member of the University of Kansas?
Who was the Nobel Prize winner of the actinide concept?
Who are two of the cancer researchers that have taught at the University of Kansas?
Who is the current governor of India's central bank?
What company was Hank Paulson the CEO of?
What Shakespeare scholar is a member of the faculty?
What are the names of the two political scientists on the faculty?
Which paleontologists are on the faculty of Imperial?
What is the pinyin for the Yuan dynasty?
What was the official name of the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan declare his dynasty?
The Yuan dynasty is considered a successor to what?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
Who was Kublai Khan's grandfather?
When was the name Great Yuan imposed?
What section of the I Ching mentions Qián?
What was the counterpart in Mongolian language?
What does Yeke Mongghul Ulus mean?
What was the nominal title of the Yuan emperors?
Who did Genghis Khan unite?
When did Genghis Khan become Great Khan?
Who was Genghis' third son?
In what year did Mongke Khan become Great Khan?
Who did Kublai offer a position to?
Who did the Han Chinese and Khitan fight against?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
Who were the two Han Chinese leaders that defected and commanded the 3 Tumens?
How many troops did each Tumen have?
How many Tumens did Shi Tianze command?
What was Shi Tianze's ethnicity?
What dynasty did Shi Tianze live in?
What type of marriage became common at this time?
What was his father's name?
Chagaan and Zhang Rou jointly launched an attack on what dynasty?
Who started a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
Where was the Chinese Song dynasty based?
In what year did he die?
Who was Kublai's brother?
What was the Chinese era name of the government?
What is the name of the author of this article?
In what direction did the Song dynasty remain an obstacle?
Who was the hostage prince of Korea?
What border did Kublai secure in 1259?
When did Li Tan instigate a revolt against Mongol rule?
What was Kublai's government a compromise between?
What did he leave unchanged?
What was the lowest class in the Yuan society?
How many classes did Kublai divide Yuan society into?
Along with paper money and paper money, what traditional monopolies did he maintain?
Where was the Mongol capital located in 1264?
Where did Kublai move the Mongol capital to in 1264?
When did Kublai move the Mongol capital from Karakorum to Khanbaliq?
What was the former Jurchen capital?
What rituals did Khublai follow?
What types of growth did Kublai Khan promote?
What is Pax Mongolica?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal from?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal to?
Who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China?
Who did Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou flee south with?
When was the Jin dynasty established?
When did the Jin dynasty end?
Who remained in Qufu as Duke Yansheng?
How many descendants of Confucius are there?
Where did Kublai strengthen his government?
When did Kublai siege Xiangyang?
What did Kublai want to capture?
What city did Kublai capture in 1276?
What happened to the last Song emperor?
When did Kublai's government face financial difficulties?
Why did Kublai's second invasion of Japan fail?
What did the Tran dynasty rule?
What battle did the Tran dynasty defeat the Mongols?
When was the Battle of Bạch Đằng?
When was the conquest of Dali?
Who did Kublai originally name as the Crown Prince?
When did Zhenjin die?
What was Temür Khan's title?
During what years did Emperor Chengzong rule?
Who was the fourth Yuan emperor?
What was the first Yuan emperor to do after Kublai?
Who was a Confucian academic?
What department was liquidated?
When were traditional imperial examinations reintroduced?
Who was Ayurbarwada's son?
During what years did Emperor Gegeen Khan rule?
Who was the new grand chancellor?
What does Da Yuan Tong Zhi mean?
How many princes were involved in the coup?
Where did Yesün Temür die?
What was the civil war against Ragibagh called?
How long did Kusala live?
Who recalled Tugh Temür to Khanbaliq?
Who was recalled to Khanbaliq by El Temür?
What is Tugh Temür known for?
What was the name of the school founded by Yuan?
When was the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature established?
What was the name of the compendium that the academy compiled?
Did Tugh Temür support Zhu Xi?
In what year did Tugh Temür die?
What was Rinchinbal's title?
How old was Toghun Temür when he succeeded to the throne?
How many successors of Kublai Khan were there?
What dynasties were finished in 1345?
What were the final years of the Yuan dynasty marked by?
Why did Kublai's successors lose influence?
Who were the Chinese separated from?
What happened without interference from the weakening Yuan armies?
What was the Chinese not interested in?
When did people in the countryside suffer from frequent natural disasters?
What started in 1351?
Why did Toghun Temür dismiss him?
Who did Toghtogha lead an army to crush?
When was the Míng dynasty?
What promoted trade between East and West?
What produced a fair amount of cultural exchange?
What was the name of the Yuan dynasty's ally in Persia?
What crops were introduced during the Yuan dynasty?
What type of musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts?
What other religions enjoyed a period of toleration?
What religion was persecuted by the Yuan government?
What type of governmental practices were reinstated by the Yuan court?
In what fields were advances realized?
Who was the most famous traveler of the period?
Where was the capital of the Great Khan?
What is the English translation of Il milione?
What was the name of Marco Polo's book about his travels?
How did Marco Polo acquire much of his knowledge?
Who helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar?
How much more accurate was the Yuan's calendar compared to the modern Gregorian calendar?
What did the empire do to protect against famines?
What city was rebuilt with new palace grounds?
What major food crop was introduced to China by the West?
Who ruled all of China during the Yuan dynasty?
What do Mongols worship?
The Yuan dynasty is considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Ming dynasty and what other dynasty?
What was the last dynasty before the Yuan?
What did some Chinese people consider the Yuan dynasty as?
What cultures did Kublai Khan's bureaucracy reflect?
Where did the Chinese-style elements of the bureaucracy come from?
Who were two Chinese advisers to Kublai?
What type of division of authority did the Chinese government adopt?
What did the Chinese government divide authority among?
Where did the military authority in Yuan times reside?
How long had the Six Ministries been introduced?
Who had their own courts of justice?
What was the insignificance of in Yuan times compared with native Chinese dynasties?
When was the Phags-pa script invented?
What languages did the Phags-pa script represent?
How well could the Emperors speak Chinese?
Who was the ruler of Mongolia during this time?
What was Tugh Temur's title?
By what year were the Mongols selling their children into slavery?
When did Kublai forbade the sale of Mongols abroad?
What was the source of income for the average Mongol garrison family?
What were some of the areas of art in the Yuan era?
What three areas of art did many of the artists practice at this time?
What dynasty is linked to the Yuan dynasty?
What was the main development of Yuan poetry?
What type of variety show was one of the key factors in the mix of poetry?
What type of khanates did the Yuan dynasty not convert to?
What religion did Kublai Khan favor?
What was established as the de facto state religion?
What was the top-level department and government agency known as?
What sect of Tibetan Buddhism did Kublai Khan follow?
When was Zhu Shijie born?
When did Zhu Shijie die?
What did Zhu Shijie use to solve simultaneous equations?
What did mathematicians make during the Yuan era?
When was the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns written?
What did Guo Shoujing do?
What did Gou derive for his astronomical calculations?
What was the name of the calendar that became the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty?
What is another name for Shoushi Li?
When was Shoushi Li disseminated?
Who were otachi?
What did the Mongols characterize otachi doctors as using?
What type of medicine did the Mongols use that was distinguished from shamanism?
What did Kublai create to manage medical treatises?
Why were Confucian scholars attracted to the medical profession?
How many schools were based on the same intellectual foundation?
Where did the Yuan get the "Four Great Schools"?
Who brought Chinese physicians with them?
What Chinese medical techniques were transmitted westward to the Middle East?
When did Wei Yilin die?
What was another name for huihui?
Who founded the Office of Western Medicine?
When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?
Why did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
What philosophy did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
How was Chinese printing technology transferred to the Mongols?
What is an example of a Yuan document?
When was movable type invented?
Who was the name of Ögedei's wife?
When was the Imperial Library Directorate created?
What was the paper money of the Yuan called?
What were chao made from?
When did the Yuan switch to bronze plates?
What did the Yuan government use to print paper money?
When did the Il-khanate government issue paper money?
What was the compromise between the Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system and Mongolian?
What type of government was Kublai Khan's government a compromise between?
What were the Semuren?
What type of color did the Yuan regime have?
Where did Persians reach the highest post in the government?
Who did the Mongols import to serve as administrators in China?
Who did the Mongols send to serve as administrators in Bukhara?
Where were the Han Chinese moved to?
What did the Mongols work as?
What was the Mongol appointed Governor of Samarqand?
What was one way the Yuan Emperors discriminated against Muslims?
What type of butchering did the Yuan Emperors forbid for Jews?
Who was the founder of the Ming?
What could a Chinese surname also mean?
Who revolted against the Yuan in the Ispah Rebellion?
Who wrote that the term "social classes" for this system was misleading?
What did Mote say the four-class system entailed?
What type of Chinese were there?
What were the conditions of the people who lived in poverty?
What type of Chinese was ranked higher?
Which Chinese was ranked lower?
Why was the Southern Chinese ranked lower?
What was the rank of the people who surrendered to the Mongols?
Who did major commerce during this era give favorable conditions for?
Who surrendered to the Mongols first?
Who did Kublai Khan say the Uighur King of Qocho was higher than?
Who objected to being ranked higher than the Karluk Kara-Khanid?
How did the Uighurs surrender to the Mongols?
What was considered the most important region of the dynasty?
What was the name of the body that governed the Central Region?
Where was the Central Secretariat located?
Where is Khanbaliq now?
What is another name for the Central Secretariat?
Where is Kenya located?
What does the EAC stand for?
What is the capital and largest city of Kenya?
What country is to the south of Swaziland?
What was the population of Kenya in July 2014?
What type of climate does Kenya have?
What is the climate like in the savannah grasslands around Nairobi?
What mountain has snow on its peaks?
What countries border the north-eastern regions?
What is Kenya known for?
When did humans first inhabit the African Great Lakes?
When did the Bantu expansion reach the area?
What populations make up around 97% of the population of Swaziland?
When did European exploration of the interior of Mombasa begin?
When did Kenya obtain independence?
What is the Republic of Kenya named after?
What words do the Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words mean?
What does Kiinyaa mean in all three languages?
What did Ludwig Krapf record the name as?
What do some people say was /ˈkɛnjə?
Who drew the 1882 map?
When was Mt. Kenia first indicated as Mt. Kenya?
What is the name of the game animals of Africa?
What are the "Big Five" game animals of Africa?
Where can the "Big Five" game animals be found in Kenya?
When does the annual animal migration occur?
How far do the wildebeest migrate from the Serengeti to the Masai Mara?
How long ago did primates roamed the area of Kenya?
When did Homo erectus live in Kenya?
Who discovered the Turkana Boy?
How old was the Turkana Boy?
Who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill?
Who built Mombasa into a major port city?
What city did the Swahili build?
Who claimed that Mombasa was a place of great traffic?
Where has played host to many merchants and explorers?
What is the name of the city on the Kenyan coast?
When did it become an important Swahili settlement?
When did World War I begin?
Who agreed to a truce to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities?
Who took command of the German military forces?
How did von Lettow conduct his guerrilla warfare?
Where did he surrender?
What was home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people?
How did the Kikuyu live?
What did the settlers do to protect their interests?
How many white settlers lived in Kenya in the 1950s?
When was Warũhiũ Itote captured?
What did the capture of Warũhiũ Itote do?
When did Operation Anvil open?
How many Mau Mau were killed by the end of the emergency?
What was the most important of these?
When did the first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council take place?
Who formed a government?
When did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya end?
In what year did Kenya gain independence?
What was Kenya's new name?
What is the mlolongo system?
What did the end of the regime lead to?
Who won re-election in 1992 and 1997?
What type of government is Kenya?
What is the role of the President?
How is executive power exercised?
Who has legislative power?
Who is independent of the executive and the legislature?
Where does Kenya rank on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index?
What does the CPI attempt to do?
Where did France rank in the CPI in 2012?
What is EACC?
What party did Kibaki run under?
What was the main opposition party?
What happened as the ECK continued to count the votes?
Who was Raila's opponent?
What have the government and civil society started since the election riots?
Who initiated community dialogues in Kenya?
What church in Kenya started peace meetings?
What is the name of the process that started in Kenya?
When did Kibaki and Odinga sign an agreement?
What position would Odinga hold?
Who would the president appoint cabinet ministers from?
How many cabinet ministers would the president appoint?
How long would the coalition hold?
What is the new office of the PM?
Who brought the former rivals to the signing ceremony?
Where was the signing ceremony held?
When did representatives of PNU and ODM begin working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement?
What did the grand coalition mean?
What would a constitutional change do?
When was the referendum on the new constitution held?
What did the new constitution do?
When was Kenya's constitution promulgated?
What did the new constitution herald?
When did President Uhuru Kenyatta sign a Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Why was the Security Laws Amendment Bill signed?
Who criticized the security bill?
What was the main criticism of the security bill?
What countries issued a press statement cautioning about the law's potential impact?
What was the cause of the US President's decision not to visit Kenya in 2013?
Who chose not to visit Kenya in 2013?
What country did Kenyatta visit in the summer?
When did Obama visit Kenya?
Where are the armed forces regularly deployed?
What happened in the aftermath of the 2007 elections?
What have there been serious allegations of?
What has been tainted by corruption?
Why has corruption been less in public view and thus less subject to public scrutiny?
What happened in 2010?
What has been questioned?
What is Kenya's HDI?
What is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa?
How much did 17.7% of Kenyans live on?
What is Kenya usually classified as?
What has boosted the service sector in East and Central Africa?
What is an important catalyst of economic growth?
What is the smallest sector?
How much of the labour force does the agricultural sector employ?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP comes from the services sector?
What is Kenya's services sector dominated by?
What has the tourism sector exhibited in most years since independence?
What are tourists mainly attracted to in Namibia?
What countries have the largest number of tourists to Namibia?
What percentage of GDP did agriculture account for in 2005?
What are the principal cash crops?
What is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product?
What causes the production of major food staples to be subject to sharp?
What is the name of the consortium that has helped farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties?
Are pigeon peas drought resistant?
How did the commercialization of legumes help the local economy?
How much did linking producers to wholesalers help?
What is the commercialization of the pigeon pea doing?
Where are tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat grown?
What crops are grown in the fertile highlands?
Where does livestock predominate?
What percentage of the population lives below the poverty line?
What was the name of the initiative by the Red Cross?
What is the most industrially developed country in the African Great Lakes region?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP does manufacturing account for?
What are the three largest urban centres in Kenya?
What does Jua Kali do?
What has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years?
When did AGOA take effect?
Where does the majority of Kenya's electricity come from?
Along with the Tana River, on what river is the Turkwel Gorge Dam located?
When was the Kenya Electricity Generating Company established?
Where in Kenya has proven deposits of oil?
What does Tullow Oil estimate Kenya's oil reserves to be?
What is continuing to determine if there are more reserves?
What percentage of the import bill is petroleum?
What was the amount of Chinese investment in Kenya in 2013?
What did Liu Guangyuan say about Chinese investment in Kenya?
What was the purpose of the trip?
What company shipped its first major consignment of minerals to China?
What has China been causing?
What did the Kenyan government unveil in 2007?
What is Vision 2030?
What did the government launch in 2013?
Why did Namibia launch a National Climate Change Action Plan?
What did the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030 say at the launch in March 2013?
Most working children are active in what?
What percentage of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution in 2006?
What is the age range of most prostitutes in Kenya?
What are the causes of child labour?
How do Kenya's various ethnic groups speak their mother tongues?
What are the two official languages?
Where is English widely spoken?
Where is British English primarily used?
What religion is the majority of Kenyans?
What religion does 47.7% of Kenyans consider themselves to be?
How many people attend the Presbyterian Church of East Africa?
Where is the only Jewish synagogue in the country?
What percentage of nonreligious people are there?
What percentage of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region?
What religion are the western areas of the Coast Region?
How many Hindus live in Kenya?
Who treats 80% of the population who visit dispensaries, health centres and private clinics?
Who are complicated cases referred to?
How many nurses were there in Kenya in 2011?
How many doctors were there in Kenya in 2011?
What directly correlates with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution?
What percentage of Kenyans live below the poverty level?
What are the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity?
What are some of the reasons for the large amount of morbidity?
How many people in Kenya had malaria in 2006?
Who introduced Kenya's first system of education?
When was Kenya's independence?
What was the name of the authority that was formed to introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty?
What was the focus of the commission?
What system was adopted between 1964 and 1985?
What was the Presidential Working Party commissioned to look at?
What system did the committee recommend?
What system did the committee recommend?
When did the last batch of students from the former system graduate from Kenyan Universities?
When was the current 8-4-4 system launched?
What subjects did the new structure put more emphasis on?
Why did the government put more emphasis on vocational subjects?
When was free primary education introduced in Kenya?
How much has primary school enrolment increased?
When does basic formal education start?
How many years does basic education last?
What can a primary school graduate do to learn a trade?
What are the options for those who complete high school?
What percentage of the population is literate?
What is the age range of preschool?
What is a key requirement for admission to Standard One?
What does the KCPE determine?
What does KCSE stand for?
What doesKNLS stand for?
What isKNLS mandated to do?
What is a public library seen as?
Why is a public library seen as a peoples university?
What are some of the sports that Kenya plays?
What is the country known for?
Who continues to dominate the world of distance running?
What countries have reduced the dominance of Kenyan athletes in distance running?
How many gold medals did Kenya win in the 2008 Olympics?
What was Kenya's ranking in the 2008 Olympics?
What did Pamela Jelimo win?
What has caused controversy in Kenyan athletics circles?
Most defections occur because of what?
What has Kenya been a dominant force in?
What is the most popular team sport?
In what year did they reach the semi-finals of the tournament?
Who is the current captain of the Indian football team?
When was the FIFA suspension of Kenya lifted?
What is one of the toughest rallies in the world?
What is the Safari Rally known for?
Who are some of the best rally drivers in the world?
How many meals do Kenyans generally have?
What are the two times of tea in Swaziland?
What is the usual food for breakfast in India?
What is eaten by most of the population for lunch?
Under whose auspices is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change under?
Who established the United Nations Environment Programme?
What does the UNFCCC aim to stabilize?
What is the main international treaty on climate change?
What was the name of the Resolution that endorsed the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme?
Who is the chair of the IPCC?
What is Hoesung Lee's nationality?
Who was the IPCC's vice-Chair before the election?
Who was the previous chair?
When did Rajendra K. Pachauri resign?
Who is the IPCC Panel composed of?
How many government officials attended the 2003 meeting?
Who attended the 2003 meeting?
How much of the attendees were from governmental organizations?
When was the IPCC Trust Fund established?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What does UNEP stand for?
What is the organization required to comply with?
What does the WMO stand for?
Does the IPCC carry out research?
What do the lead authors of the IPCC reports assess?
What is the "grey literature"?
What are examples of non-peer-reviewed sources?
How many "coordinating lead authors" does a chapter typically have?
How many lead authors does a chapter typically have?
How many "contributing authors" does a chapter typically have?
Who is responsible for assembling the contributions of other authors?
Who do the coordinating lead authors report to?
What does the executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report say emissions resulting from human activities are doing to greenhouse gases?
What does the warming of the Earth's surface cause?
How much of the greenhouse effect does the scientists believe CO2 has been responsible for?
Under what type of scenario will global mean temperature increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the [21st] century?
How much has the global mean surface air temperature increased over the last 100 years?
When did 16 national science academies issue a joint statement on climate change?
Who issued a joint statement on climate change in 2001?
What is the Australian Academy of?
What percentage of certainty did the TAR say that temperatures will continue to rise?
What is the projected increase in average global surface temperature by 2100?
Who is the author of the TAR?
What is Lindzen's main criticism of the WGI Summary for Policymakers?
Who was a co-chair of TAR WGI?
What was John Houghton's role in TAR WGI?
What must any changes to the SPM be supported by?
How does the preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follow?
In what year were the two IPCC Special Report finalized?
In what year were the two IPCC Special Report finalized?
Why were both Special Reports created?
What other activities does the IPCC support?
What are the factors used to derive emissions estimates?
What are the factors used to derive emissions estimates based on?
The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by which bodies?
What has the IPCC since acknowledged is incorrect?
What did they express regret for?
The date of 2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC from what report?
What ICSI report has the WWF misquoted?
What position did Robert Watson hold?
What did Watson say the mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of?
What position did Parry hold?
What did Parry say started with a single unfortunate error over?
What did Parry say about the other alleged mistakes?
When was MBH99 published?
Who wrote the "hockey stick graph"?
What has the "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction" been called?
Who supported the MBH99 finding?
When were these studies presented as demonstrating that the current warming period is exceptional?
Who disputed this finding in May 2000?
Where did Fred Singer hold a press event in May 2000?
When was the hearing held?
What committee held a hearing on 18 July 2000?
Who was the chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce?
Who was the chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations?
When did Rep. Joe Barton write a letter to Mann, Bradley and Hughes?
Who was the chairman of the House Science Committee?
Who was the chairman of the House Science Committee?
In what year was the Third Assessment Report published?
When was the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report published?
How many of the 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
What problem affects certain tree ring data?
How many reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
When was a study published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report?
What did the 2007 study suggest?
What was the actual temperature rise over the six years studied?
What was the actual sea level rise compared to the IPCC projection?
What is the study that suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC have actually understated them?
What was the projected range of the IPCC's third Assessment Report in 2001?
What is the height above 1990 levels?
When was the Third Assessment Report published?
What was Michael Oppenheimer's role in the IPCC?
In what magazine did Michael Oppenheimer concede the limitations of the IPCC consensus approach?
What did Oppenheimer ask for instead of the large scale approach?
What was the Ozone depletion global regulation based on?
In what issue did the Kyoto Protocol fail?
Who still follow different, if not opposing, goals?
Who is the author of the quote?
What remains an unsolved problem in case of the IPCC conclusions and the failure of the Kyoto Protocol?
What was the stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge based on reducing?
Who ordered the Stern Review?
Who does the IPCC rely on for its research?
What can't be included in an IPCC report between the deadline and publication of the report?
What organization does not carry out its own research?
How many climate scientists wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC?
Where did the five climate scientists write in response to controversies regarding the Fourth Assessment Report?
What is an example of a new organizational option?
What did the panel want to do to avoid political interference?
What is the main role of chloroplasts?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What is the process of making organic molecules from carbon dioxide?
What is the number of chloroplasts per cell in algae?
How do chloroplasts reproduce?
What factors strongly influence the behavior of animals?
What do chloroplasts have in common with mitochondria?
What is the ancestor of chloroplasts?
How are chloroplasts inherited?
Where are chloroplasts only found?
What nationality was Konstantin Mereschkowski?
What was Konstantin Mereschkowski's profession?
When was the origin of chloroplasts first suggested?
Who observed that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria?
What are the ancestors of chloroplasts?
What type of organism are algae?
What does gram-negative mean?
What type of cell wall doesyanobacteria have?
What is another name for algae?
What type of cell did the cyanobacterium enter?
When did a free-living cyanobacterium enter an early eukaryotic cell?
What surrounds all chloroplasts?
What type of membrane was lost from the host?
What happened to the cyanobacterium over time?
What does plastid mean?
How many chloroplast lineages do all primary chloroplasts belong to?
What is another name for the rhodophyte?
What is another name for the chloroplastidan lineage?
What lineage contains the land plants?
What type of algae is Cyanophora?
What is Cyanophora?
What are muroplasts?
What is the icosahedral structure that glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in?
What type of structure does a carboxysome have?
What do Rhodoplasts have for photosynthetic pigments?
What are phycobilin pigments organized into on the thylakoid membranes?
What is responsible for giving many red algae their distinctive red color?
Why does the red phycoerytherin pigment help red algae?
What does floridean synthesize?
What have glaucophyte and red algal chloroplasts lost?
Why are some green chloroplasts not green?
What have chloroplastidan chloroplasts lost?
What have some plants been repurposed for?
What do annelids contain instead of phycobilisomes?
What kind of membrane do primary chloroplasts have?
What do secondary chloroplasts have?
What caused the secondary endosymbiotic event?
Along with the two cyanobacterial membranes, what other membranes are present in a chloroplast?
What did the engulfed alga leave after it was broken down?
What do Eugenelenophytes contain?
What type of protists are Eugenelenophytes?
How are the pyrenoid and thylakoids stacked?
What is stored in the form of paramylon?
What is thought to have been lost?
What is another name for cryptophytes?
What do cryptophytes contain?
What do cryptophyte chloroplasts contain that superficially resembles that of chlorarachniophytes?
Where is starch stored?
How many stacks of pyrenoid and thylakoids are inside cryptophyte chloroplasts?
What are parasitic?
Apicomplexans are another group of what?
What is Plasmodium?
What do many apicomplexans keep?
How dopicomplexans store their energy?
What do apicoplasts synthesize?
What is the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to cure?
What is the most important apicoplast function?
Apicoplasts have lost all photosynthetic function and contain no what?
How many membranes are in the annelids?
What is not found in any other group of chloroplasts?
What is the most common dinophyte chloroplast?
What type of thylakoids do they have?
What has the peridinin chloroplast lost?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
How many membranes does a haptophyte chloroplast have?
What would tertiary endosymbiosis create?
From what do members of the genus Dinophysis have a phycobilin containing chloroplast?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What do members of the genus Dinophysis have?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What is a diatom?
What do Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have?
How many membranes are the chloroplasts bounded by?
What do you count as the chloroplast?
Where does the diatom endosymbiont store its starch?
Where have all the nucleomorph genes been transferred to?
What viride and its close relatives are dinophytes that lost their original peridinin chloroplast?
What did Lepidodinium viride lose?
What does Lepidodinium viride replace its original peridinin chloroplast with?
What does Lepidodinium viride replace its original peridinin chloroplast with?
Most chloroplasts originate from what?
What makes Paulinella chromatophora an exception?
How many base pairs long is Chromatophore DNA?
How many protein encoding genes does Chromatophore DNA contain?
How many base pairs long is the Synechococcus genome?
What are two abbreviations for chloroplasts' DNA?
What is another name for the plastome?
When was the existence of chloroplast DNA first proved?
When was the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco first sequenced?
Who sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco?
What are highly conserved among land plants?
What have some chloroplast DNAs lost or flipped the inverted repeats?
What do the inverted repeats help do?
How have scientists tried to observe chloroplast replication since the 1970s?
How many main models have been proposed?
What form does the D-loop adopt as it moves through the circular DNA?
What is another name for theta intermediary form?
How does the D-loop complete replication?
What type of gradients are there in cpDNA?
When does DNA become susceptible to deamination?
What is the second theory of cpDNA?
How does a second theory suggest that most cpDNA replicates?
Where is the rest of the genetic material kept?
What is another model of cpDNA replication similar to?
What does one competing model of cpDNA replication say most cpDNA is?
What shape of DNA are the branched and complex structures seen in cpDNA experiments?
How does most cpDNA most likely replicates?
What is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages?
What do the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus provide evidence for?
What do diatoms now have?
What did the presence of many green algal genes in the diatom nucleus provide evidence that the ancestor of all chromalveolates had?
What did most chloroplast genes become?
How much of the protein products of transferred genes aren't targeted back to the chloroplast?
What new functions did exaptations take on?
To reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross what?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
What is phosphorylation?
What does phosphorylation do to the polypeptide?
What shape are chloroplasts in land plants?
How large are chloroplasts in land plants?
How thick are chloroplasts in land plants?
What is the shape of Oedogonium?
What is the shape of Chlamydomonas?
What is often cited as evidence that chloroplasts are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria?
What is the outer chloroplast membrane often interpreted as?
What is the relationship between the chloroplast membrane and the cyanobacterium's original double membranes?
What is the chloroplast double membrane often compared to?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used for?
What is the purpose of oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the only chloroplast structure that can be considered analogous to it?
What regulates metabolite passage?
What is very rare in chloroplasts?
What is a stromule?
Why may they exist?
When were stromules first observed?
Where is it often found?
Where has it been found?
What consists of a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles?
What is the purpose of the stroma and cell cytoplasm?
The small vesicles sometimes observed may serve as transport vesicle to shuttle stuff between what?
What do ribosomes do?
What is the size of a chloroplast ribosome?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What do small subunit ribosomal RNAs lack?
Why is shine-dalgarno sequence recognition important?
What is another name for plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli made of?
How large are plastoglobuli?
What surrounds them?
How are plastoglobuli permanently attached?
A plastoglobulus can exchange its contents with what?
How do plastoglobuli occur in normal green chloroplasts?
When do plastoglobuli occur?
What contain pyrenoids?
What shape are Pyrenoids?
What is the refractive property of Pyrenoids?
What is accumulation in plants that contain Pyrenoids?
What can happen to pyrenoids?
In what model does grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids?
What shape do grana have?
How many thylakoids can a granum contain?
How many thylakoids are most common in grana?
What is wrapped around the grana?
What do carotenoids absorb?
What do carotenoids absorb?
What do carotenoids and chlorophyll do with light energy?
What do molecules in the thylakoid membrane use the energized electrons to do?
What is an example of an ATP synthase?
How many types of thylakoids are there?
How aregranal thylakoids arranged?
What are stromal thylakoids?
What are thylakoids?
How large are the annelids of granal thylakoids?
How many photosynthetic carotenoids are there?
Why do plants have bright colors?
Why do some plants change their leaves during the fall?
What is β-carotene?
What is an example of a xanthophyll?
What are phycobilins?
What color are glaucophyte chloroplasts?
What does phycoerytherin make?
What do phycobilins often organize into?
How large are phycobilisomes?
What does chloroplasts use to fix carbon dioxide?
Why does rubisco have a problem?
What happens when rubisco has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen?
What cycle uses rubisco?
What energy is wasted?
What are chloroplasts specialized for in mesophyll cells?
What do chloroplasts lack in mesophyll cells?
What do chloroplasts have in mesophyll cells?
Where do plants store CO2?
What is the job of bundle sheath chloroplasts?
What parts of a plant contain chloroplasts?
What are chloroplasts?
What are the plant cells that contain chloroplasts called?
Where can chloroplasts be found in a plant?
What is a chlorenchyma cell?
Where are chloroplasts found in cacti?
Where are chloroplasts found in most plants?
How many chloroplasts do stomatal guard cells contain?
How many chloroplasts can one square millimeter of leaf tissue contain?
Where are chloroplasts mainly found in a leaf?
In what conditions will bacteria spread out in a sheet?
When do annelids seek shelter?
What does this reduce exposure and protect them from?
What may be the reason why land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones?
What has been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move?
How many main immune responses do plants have?
What is the hypersensitive response?
What is systemic acquired resistance?
How do chloroplasts stimulate both responses?
What do chloroplasts produce by damaging their photosynthetic system?
What molecules do chloroplasts begin producing after detecting stress?
When do chloroplasts begin producing molecules?
What do reactive oxygen species do instead of leaving the chloroplast?
What is retrograde signaling?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What does photosynthesis produce?
What are used in photosynthesis?
What is made using light energy?
What do chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to do?
Where do the molecules between the photosystems pump hydrogen ions?
How many hydrogen ions are in the thylakoid system than in the stroma?
What does ATP synthase do with the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions?
What does ATP synthase turn adenosine diphosphate into?
What takes the reenergized electrons?
What is it called when electrons are recycled?
Where is Cyclic photophosphorylation common?
What do C4 plants need?
What starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate molecules?
What is 3-PGA?
What does 3-PGA break down into?
How many of the G3P molecules are recycled back into RuBP?
What can be done to make starch?
When may starch grains grow very large?
What happens to the grana and thylakoids when starch grains grow very large?
What can cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts?
What might the starch grains themselves be a side effect of?
What can Rubisco accidentally do?
When can photorespiration occur?
How does the process reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis?
How much carbon can the Calvin cycle waste?
Why are chloroplasts in C4 plants notable?
Where do chloroplasts make most of a plant's amino acids?
What are the sulfur-containing amino acids?
Why is Cysteine synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria?
What is unclear about the last leg of the pathway?
What is a special type of a plant cell organelle called a plastid?
All chloroplasts in a plant are descended from what?
Where areplastids most commonly found?
What is more common?
What happens if angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation?
What is an etioplast?
What is an etioplast?
What do etioplasts have?
What does not require light to form chloroplasts?
What are pigment filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What are chromoplasts?
What are pigment filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What are pigment filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What can turn back into proplastids if a plant is injured?
What do the proteins FtsZ1 and Fts Z2 assemble into?
What does FtsZ1 and Fts Z2 consist of?
What does ARC6 form within the chloroplast's stroma?
Where is the Z-ring located?
What manages the placement of the Z-ring?
What are PD rings?
How many plastid-dividing rings form?
How long are the filaments of the chloroplast?
How many nanometers apart are the filaments of the chloroplast?
What is located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space?
What has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division?
What type of light does chloroplasts need to complete division?
What shape are the chloroplasts of spinach leaves under green light?
Under what type of light can chloroplasts grow and progress through constriction stages?
Why are chloroplasts not inherited from the male parent?
What does plastid transformation lower?
What is the failed containment rate of transplastomic plants?
What type of plants have a failed containment rate of 3 in 1000,000?
A prime number has no positive divisors other than 1 and what?
A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called what?
What establishes the central role of primes in number theory?
Any integer greater than 1 can be expressed as what?
Why does the uniqueness of the theorem require excluding 1 as a prime?
What is the property of being prime called?
What is the name of the method of verifying the primality of a given number?
What test has a small probability of error but is fast?
What is the name of the test that always produces the correct answer in polynomial time?
How many decimal digits does the largest known prime number have?
How many primes are there?
Who demonstrated that there are infinitely many primes?
What can be modelled of primes in the large?
What was the first result in that direction?
When was the prime number theorem proven?
What conjecture states that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes?
What conjecture states that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2?
What aspect of numbers did many branches of number theory focus on?
Primes are used in what?
Along with prime elements and prime ideals, what is an example of a subject that prime numbers give rise to?
What is not prime?
What are the three divisors of n?
What term refers to any prime number greater than 2?
In the usual decimal system, all prime numbers larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or what?
What type of numbers are multiples of 2?
What number did early Greeks not consider to be a number?
Who listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler?
Who did Christian Goldbach list 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence?
How many primes were on Derrick Norman Lehmer's list as late as 1956?
What did mathematicians begin to accept that 1 is not a prime number?
What would not hold as stated?
When would the sieve of Eratosthenes not work correctly?
The relationship of the number to its corresponding value of what is an example of a property of prime numbers?
Along with Euler's totient function, what is another property that prime numbers lack?
What would a modified version of the sieve produce as output?
Where are the Egyptian fraction expansions found?
Where do the earliest surviving records of the explicit study of prime numbers come from?
What is the name of the book that contains important theorems about primes?
What is the name of the philosopher?
What is the Sieve of Eratosthenes a simple method to do?
When was Fermat's little theorem stated?
Along with Leibniz, who proved Fermat's little theorem?
What number did Fermat conjecture that all numbers of the form are prime?
What was the form of the prime that Mersenne looked at?
How many numbers of the form 22n + 1 are prime?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer?
How can this routine be implemented more efficiently?
What is the minimum amount of integer m that must be greater than or equal to the square root of n?
How many divisions are necessary to check the primality of 37?
What is the square root of n?
How many classes can modern primality tests for general numbers be divided into?
What is the second class of primality tests?
What type of algorithms are used in modern primality tests?
What type of algorithms are used in modern primality tests?
What is the probability that our number is composite?
What is an example of a probabilistic test?
What does the Fermat primality test rely on?
What satisfies the Fermat identity even though they are not prime?
Along with Miller-Rabin and Solovay-Strassen, what is a powerful extension of the Fermat primality test?
Along with the Baillie-PSW and Miller-Rabin, what is an example of a powerful extension of the Fermat primality test?
What are Sophie Germain primes?
What are prime numbers of the form 2p + 1 with p prime?
What test is particularly fast for numbers of this form?
What is another term for prime numbers that are of the form 2p + 1 with p prime?
Along with Mersenne primes and primorial primes, what is an example of a prime with a shape of a particular shape?
Some of these primes have been found using what?
When was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded a US$100,000 prize?
How much money was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded in 2009?
Who offers $150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits?
What is the interval of possible primes?
What does the largest integer not greater than the number in question represent?
Who first proved Bertrand's postulate?
For what natural number does Bertrand's postulate state that there always exists at least one prime number?
What does Bertrand's postulate state that there always exists at least one prime number?
What is another formula based on?
What is coprime?
What asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes?
What is the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9?
How many prime numbers do the rows starting with a = 3, 6, or 9 contain?
In all other rows there are what?
What is closely related to prime numbers?
What would ζ(1) have if there were only finitely many primes?
What happens when exceeds any given number?
What happens when the harmonic series diverges?
What is the Basel problem?
When did the Riemann hypothesis date from?
What zeroes of the ζ-function have real part equal to 1/2?
From a physical viewpoint, it roughly states that the irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from what?
What distribution holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What distribution holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes?
When did Landau's problems start?
As of February 2011, this conjecture has been verified for what?
What states that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes?
What says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime?
What is the conjecture that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2?
What are twin primes?
What is a strengthening of that conjecture?
What is the form of infinitely many primes?
What says that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2?
What was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics?
Who prided themselves on doing work that had absolutely no military significance?
When was it announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms?
Along with pseudorandom number generators, what are prime numbers used for?
Along with hash tables and hash tables, what are prime numbers used for?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always what?
What is the period of a recurring decimal?
What is divisible by p?
An integer n > 4 is composite if and only if what is divisible by n?
The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in base q (rather than base 10) has similar effect, provided that what?
Along with the Diffie-Hellman key exchange, what public-key cryptography algorithm is based on large prime numbers?
Along with RSA, what is an example of a public-key cryptography algorithm that is based on large prime numbers?
What type of primes are frequently used for RSA?
The Diffie-Hellman key exchange relies on the fact that there are efficient algorithms for what?
What type of primes are typical for Diffie-Hellman?
What is the genus Magicicada?
Where do annelids spend most of their lives?
How long do annelids stay in their burrows?
What is the logic for the prime number intervals between emergences on Magicicadas?
How much higher would predator populations be during an outbreak of 14- and 15-year cicadas?
What does "prime" indicate?
What is the prime field of a field F containing both 0 and 1?
How can a knot be uniquely expressed?
What is the meaning of the word prime?
Why is a prime knot indecomposable in knot theory?
Prime numbers give rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of what?
Along with irreducible elements, what gives rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring?
Along with prime elements, what is another general concept that applies to elements of any commutative ring R?
What is a prime element?
What is an element irreducible if it is not a unit?
What continues to hold in unique factorization domains?
What is an example of a domain?
What is the form of the Gaussian integers Z[i]?
What are a and b in a Gaussian integers domain?
What is the form of a rational prime?
Where is the notion of number replaced with that of ideal?
What is an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra?
Along with algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, in what field are prime ideals an important tool and object of study?
What generalizes to the Lasker-Noether theorem?
The Lasker-Noether theorem expresses every ideal in what?
What are the points of algebro-geometric objects?
Factorization of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field bears some resemblance to what?
What can be used in proving quadratic reciprocity?
What does quadratic reciprocity concern?
When a number is multiplied by p, what happens to the norm?
Where can certain arithmetic questions be transferred back and forth to?
What yields the field of real numbers?
What principle underlines the importance of primes to number theory?
Who used prime numbers to create ametrical music?
What is the name of the 1935 work that uses motifs with lengths given by different prime numbers to create unpredictable rhythms?
What is the name of the 1949-50 work that uses motifs with lengths given by different prime numbers to create unpredictable rhythms?
Where do the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear in "Neumes rythmiques"?
What did Messiaen say he was inspired by?
Where does the Rhine begin?
Where does the Rhine empties into?
What is the biggest city on the river Rhine?
What is the second longest river in Central and Western Europe?
How long is the river?
Where is the Rhine located?
Where does the Rhine empties into the North Sea?
How long is the river?
What is the name of the Rhine in modern languages derived from?
What is another name for the Gaulish name Rēnos?
What was the Gaulish name for the Rhine?
When was the Gaulish name Rēnos adapted in Roman-era geography?
What is the name of the Rhine in modern languages derived from?
What is another name for the Gaulish name Rēnos?
What is the Dutch name for the Rhine?
What was the Gaulish name for the Rhine?
What was Dutch Rijn formerly spelled?
What is the length of the Rhine measured in?
When was the Rheinkilometer introduced?
Where does the Rheinkilometer begin?
Where does the Rheinkilometer end?
What caused the length of the river to be shortened?
What is the length of the Rhine measured in?
When was the Rheinkilometer introduced?
Where does the Rheinkilometer begin?
What caused the length of the river to be shortened?
Where does the Rheinkilometer end?
What direction does the river make a distinctive turn to near Chur?
How long is the section of the Rhine Valley?
What is the name of the glacial alpine valley?
Where is the natural dam that keeps the Aare from flowing into the Seeztal valley?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein and what country to the East?
Where does the river make a distinctive turn to the north near?
How long is the section of the Rhine Valley?
What is the height of the Rhine Valley?
What is the name of the glacial alpine valley?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Liechtenstein and what other country?
The mouth of the Rhine into what lake forms an inland delta?
What is the name of the river that delimits the delta in the West?
What delimits the delta in the East?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
What does Esel mean?
The mouth of the Rhine into what lake forms an inland delta?
What delimits the delta in the East?
What is the name of the river that delimits the delta in the West?
What did the natural Rhine form by precipitating sediments?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
Near what city was an upper canal called for?
Where was the lower canal for the Rhine?
Along with constant flooding, what was the problem with the western Rhine Delta?
Where does the Dornbirner Ach now flow?
What does the continuous input of sediment into the lake produce?
Where was the lower canal for the Rhine?
What is the problem with the western Rhine Delta?
Near what city was an upper canal called for?
What had to be diverted?
What is expected to silt up the lake?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
What is the Untersee?
What does the Seerhein mean?
Where does the Rhine flow from the south?
What is the Obersee?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
Along with Germany, Switzerland and Switzerland, in what country is the lake located?
The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near what mountains?
What is the approximate location of the city?
Along with Bavaria, in what German state do the shorelines of the Rhine lie?
Why does the Rhine water fall into the depths?
Where is a small fraction of the flow diverted off the island of Mainau?
Where does the Rhine water fall into the depths?
How long is the Rhine water visible?
The flow reappears on the surface of the lake off the island of what?
Where does the Rhine water fall into the depths?
The flow reappears on the surface of the lake off the island of what?
Where is a small fraction of the flow diverted off the island of Mainau?
What is the Rheinrinne?
What determines the flow of the Rhine water?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average discharge of the Aare?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
Where does the Rhine leave Switzerland?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average discharge of the Aare?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
What language does the Rhine roughly form the Swiss border from Lake Constance?
What is the first major city in the course of the Rhine?
What is the major bend where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
How long is the Upper Rhine Plain?
How wide is the Upper Rhine Plain?
What is the first major city in the course of the Rhine?
What is the major bend where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
What direction does the Rhine change?
Where does the Rhine end?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow?
What happened to the ground water level?
What carries a significant part of the river water and all of the traffic?
What do some places have?
What region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow?
What happened to the ground water level?
What carries a significant part of the river water and all of the traffic?
Where is the Rhine located?
What is the average discharge of the Moselle?
What is the longest river in Germany?
Which tributary contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s?
What is the average width of the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine located?
Where is the Rhine located?
Which tributary contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s?
In what country is the Moselle located?
What is the mean discharge of the Rhine as it approaches the Dutch border?
What river flows through the Rhine Gorge?
Where does the Middle Rhine flow between Bingen and Bonn?
What caused the formation of the Rhine Gorge?
What is the Rhine known as?
What river flows through the Rhine Gorge?
Where does the Middle Rhine flow between Bingen and Bonn?
Along with vineyards, what is the stretch of the river known for?
What is the Rhine known as?
What can be found along the Rhine?
Along with Cologne, Düsseldorf and Cologne, what city is on the Lower Rhine?
What river joins the Rhine in Duisburg?
What does the Ruhr provide the region with?
Along the Rhine, where can many plants and factories be found?
What was industry a major source of before the 1980s?
Where are the bulk of the plants and factories concentrated?
Along the Rhine, where can many plants and factories be found?
Along with Cologne, Düsseldorf and Cologne, what city is on the Lower Rhine?
What river joins the Rhine in Duisburg?
Along with viniculture, what is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine?
The Rhine Gorge is between Koblenz and what city?
What famous rock does the Rhine flow around?
What is considered the epitome of the Rhine romanticism?
Along with viniculture, what is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine?
What is the Rhine Gorge listed as?
The Rhine Gorge is between Koblenz and what city?
What famous rock does the Rhine flow around?
Where is Lorelei located?
What city has the largest river port in Europe?
What is the name of the second east-west shipping route?
The Wesel-Datteln Canal runs parallel to what?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
What river flows through North Rhine-Westphalia?
What is the largest conurbation in Germany?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
What does the Rhine merge with?
What Dutch name no longer coincides with the main flow of water?
How much of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west?
In what direction does the Rhine flow?
Through what body of water does two thirds of the Rhine flow?
What does the Rhine merge with?
What branches off near Dordrecht?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
Along with the IJssel, where does the other third of the water flow?
What does the Nederrijn change its name to?
What river does the Nieuwe Maas merge with?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
Along with the IJssel, where does the other third of the water flow?
How much of the Rhine flows north into the IJsselmeer?
What does the Nederrijn change its name to?
Where is the Nederrijn located?
What name is used only for smaller streams farther to the north?
What are the streams used for?
What is the old north branch of the Rhine called?
What does Kromme Rijn mean?
What does Oude Rijn mean?
What is the most important natural region of the Netherlands?
Where does the Rhine-Meuse Delta begin?
What is the shorter term for the Rhine?
What does the Rhine change its name to?
How many main flows are there?
What does the Rhine split into at Millingen?
What does the Oude Maas mean?
What does Het Scheur mean?
What flood occurred in 1421?
When was the St. Elizabeth's flood?
Where did the Meuse flow before the St. Elizabeth's flood?
When did the Meuse and Waal merge?
What type of estuary is Waal and Lek?
Many rivers have been closed and now serve as what for the polders?
What changed the Delta in the second half of the 20th Century fundamentally?
What has happened to many rivers that now serve as drainage channels?
In what century did the construction of Delta Works change the Delta?
What type of delta is the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
The Rhine-Meuse Delta is shaped not only by sedimentation of the rivers, but also by what?
What could strong tidal currents do?
Between Brakel and what other location can the most landward tidal influence be detected?
The present Mediterranean Sea descends from what sea?
When did the two plates reverse direction and begin to compress the Tethys floor?
What did the microplates caught in the squeeze generate?
In what era was the Triassic period?
What region was pushed up the Pyrenees?
What rift system did the Alpine orogeny cause?
What is one of the main elements of the rift?
When did the Upper Rhine Graben develop?
Along with the Rhone, what river drained the northern flanks of the Alps?
How did the Rhine extend its watershed southward?
When did the Rhine capture streams down to the Vosges Mountains?
The Rhine had captured streams down to what mountains?
What was the geological period of 2.5 million years ago called?
How many major Ice Ages have occurred?
How much did sea level drop during the six major Ice Ages?
In what direction did the Rhine follow in the Early Pleistocene?
Where was the river mouth located during glacial times?
How many years did the last glacial run?
When was the end of the Pleistocene?
In what part of Europe did the cold phase peak around 70,000 BP?
How much lower was sea level in the English Channel, the Irish Channel, and most of the North Sea?
What body of water did the lower Rhine flow through?
What was the source of the Rhine's current course?
What type of land covered middle Europe during the Ice Age?
When did ice-sheets cover Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps?
What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps?
What type of dust settled in and around the Rhine Valley?
When did northwest Europe begin to warm up?
What happened to frozen subsoil and alpine glaciers?
To what body of water was most of the discharge routed?
When did rapid warming and changes of vegetation begin?
By what year was Europe fully forested?
How long has a situation with tides and currents existed?
What had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together could compensate the transgression by the sea?
How long has the coast line been roughly at the same location?
What is the cause of the sea level rising in the southern North Sea?
What is the rate of sea level rise in the southern North Sea?
When did the Rhine occupy its Late-Glacial valley?
When did the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta begin?
What valley did the Rhine occupy at the start of the Holocene?
In what country was the Rhine-Meuse delta formed?
Since when has human impact been seen in the delta?
What did the end of peat formation cause?
What has increased in the Rhine?
When did embankment and damming of minor distributaries take place?
How many avulsions have occurred over the past 6000 years?
Where do the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to?
What estuary did the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge through?
Where does the river IJssel branch enter?
What has the IJsselmeer been since 1932?
How many branches does the Rhine have?
When did the Rhine first enter the historical period?
Gaul formed the boundary between Gaul and what?
When did the Upper Rhine become part of the late Hallstatt culture?
Who wrote the Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil?
When did Augustus die?
Along with the Rhine, what river did Rome accept as her Germanic frontier?
What happened to the northern part of the Roman frontier?
Where did Roman subjects from Alsace-Lorraine drift across the river?
In what direction from the Black Forest does the fertile plain of Frankfurt lie?
How many legions did the Romans keep along the Rhine?
What army was the assignment of legions for?
What was the name of the town that was renamed Colonia Agrippina?
A state or what else could affect the number of legions at a base?
What is oppidum Ubiorum?
When did the kingdoms of Francia, Burgundy, and Alemannia form?
What did Francia establish on the Lower Rhine?
What does Siebengebirge mean?
Who is the hero of the Nibelungenlied?
Who threw Kriemhild's golden treasure into the Rhine?
When was the Rhine within the borders of Francia?
When was it fully within the Holy Roman Empire?
Along with Swabia, Franconia, and Fran Conia, where did the river flow in the 10th century?
Who sold Alsace to Burgundy?
When was the Alsace sold to Burgundy?
Since what treaty has the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany?
What was a long-term goal of French foreign policy?
Along with Louis XIV, who tried to annex lands west of the Rhine?
When was the Confederation of the Rhine established?
When was the Rhine crisis?
When was the Rhineland subject to the Treaty of Versailles?
When did the allies cease to occupy the area?
Who was forbidden to enter the demilitarised zone?
The Treaty of Versailles is often cited as helping what?
When did the German army occupy the Rhineland?
Where was the Rhine bridge located?
What was a major obstacle to the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies?
When was Operation Market Garden?
What bridge crossing the Rhine at Remagen became famous?
What was the name of the Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War?
What was the generally accepted length of the Rhine until 1932?
What German encyclopedia stated the length as 1,320 kilometres?
What was the cause of the discrepancy?
What was the length of the German encyclopedia in 1932?
When was the error discovered?
When did the Scottish electorate vote for devolution?
What act sets out Scotland's powers as a devolved legislature?
What does the Act delineate the legislative competence of the Parliament?
The Act delineates the legislative competence of what?
The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to whom?
What remained an important element in Scottish national identity?
For how many years was Scotland directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain?
What caused the shelving of devolved Parliament?
When did a sharp rise in nationalism in Scotland occur?
What did Kilbrandon recommend?
In what sea was oil discovered in Scotland?
What campaign of the Scottish National Party resulted in rising support for Scottish independence?
When did Wilson commit his government to some form of devolved legislature?
What did the party argue about the revenues from the oil?
When were the final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed?
In what city would an elected assembly be set up?
What percentage of the Scottish electorate had to vote for an elected assembly in 1979?
What percentage of the vote was in favor of a Scottish Assembly?
What happened to the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum?
What percentage of the eligible voting population did not vote?
What grew in the 1980s and 1990s?
What political party controlled the government of the United Kingdom in the 1980s and 1990s?
When was the Scottish Constitutional Convention held?
What did the Convention publish in 1995?
What is the official home of the Scottish Parliament?
Who designed the Scottish Parliament building?
What nationality was Enric Miralles?
What shape are the buildings in the complex?
Who opened the new building on October 9, 2004?
What was the building vacated twice to allow for?
Where was the Parliament's temporary home?
Where were photographs and television interviews held?
Where was the Parliament moved to in May 2002?
Where was the Parliament temporarily relocated in May 2000?
Who rented the buildings that the Parliament used?
What was the former administrative building of?
What happened to the building after the move to Holyrood?
What are the former Midlothian County Buildings facing?
What hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room?
How many MSPs does Parliament elect to serve as Presiding Officer?
Who is the speaker of the Scottish Parliament?
What type of ballot is conducted in the Scottish Parliament?
How many MSPs are there?
Who operates the electronic voting equipment and chamber clocks?
Who is responsible for ensuring that the Parliament functions effectively?
Who sets the work agenda in the chamber?
How many seats does the Bureau have?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad?
What is the seating arranged in the Scottish Parliament?
Why is the seating arranged in a hemicycle in the Scottish Parliament?
How many seats are in the debating chamber?
How many seats are for the Scottish Law Officers?
What can Law Officers not do in Parliament?
Where is the gold in the mace from?
What is the mace made from?
Who presented the mace to the Scottish Parliament?
What are the words on the mace?
What is the mace displayed in?
In what month does Parliament typically take two weeks off?
Where are meetings held on Wednesday afternoons?
Who are chamber debates and committee meetings open to?
How much is the entry to the festival?
What is the name of the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates?
On what day of the week is Time for Reflection usually held?
How long does the speaker speak for?
Who decides who is invited to address Parliament?
What do speakers represent?
What can faith groups do in addition to making direct representations to the Presiding Officer?
Who decides who speaks in chamber debates?
What else does the Presiding Officer decide?
Along with political parties, what does the Presiding Officer try to balance when selecting members to speak?
Who is typically the first speaker in an open debate?
Along with Scots and English, what other language may be used in the House?
At what time of day do MSPs usually decide on motions and amendments?
What is heralded by the sounding of the division bell?
What do MSPs who are not in the chamber have to do?
How do members vote in a division?
How long is the outcome of each division known in?
What can be predicted beforehand?
Who usually instruct members which way to vote?
What are MSPs called?
What type of issues are typically tackled on?
What can an errant member of a party do?
When is a "Members Debate" held?
What is the definition of an MSP?
How long does the Members Debate last?
Who usually contributes to the debate?
What does the relevant minister do with the debate?
Where does most of the work of the Scottish Parliament take place?
Is the role of committees stronger or weaker in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems?
Why is the Scottish Parliament stronger than other parliamentary systems?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
Where can committees meet?
What do committees comprise?
What does the membership of the committees reflect?
What do different committees have in different ways?
What type of committees are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders?
In what session of the Scottish Parliament are the current Mandatory Committees?
When areSubject Committees established?
How many departments does each committee typically correspond with?
What are the committees in the fourth Session?
In what session are the current Subject Committees?
What type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter?
What do private bills usually relate to?
A further type of committee is normally set up to scrutinize private bills submitted by an outside party or promoter who is not a member of the Scottish Parliament or what?
What type of committees have been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network?
What governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament?
Who gave royal assent to the Scotland Act 1998?
The Scotland Act 2012 extends what?
What continues to constitute the supreme legislature of Scotland?
The Scotland Act 1998 governs the functions and role of what?
Where are the specific devolved matters not explicitly stated in the Scotland Act?
All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to what?
What happens to matters that are not specifically reserved?
How much can the Scottish Parliament alter income tax in Scotland?
What act conferred further fiscal devolution?
What type of matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament?
What is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to Westminster?
The Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to, and dealt with at, what?
Who usually handles Ministerial functions?
What can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways?
Who can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill?
A member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as what?
A private bill can be submitted to Parliament by whom?
How often do bills pass through Parliament?
What is the first stage of a bill called?
Along with the Explanatory Notes, what is included in the introductory stage of a bill?
What do statements from the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill indicate?
Where does Stage 1 usually take place?
If the whole Parliament agrees in a vote to the general principles of the bill, it then proceeds to what stage?
What is the final stage of the bill?
How many parts are there in the final stage of a bill?
What is the final stage of a bill?
What type of amendments can opposition members table to cause a bill to fall without a final vote?
At what time do members vote on whether they agree to the general principles of the final bill?
To whom does the Presiding Officer submit a bill for royal assent?
What does the Presiding Officer submit the bill to the Monarch for?
How long can a bill be referred to the Supreme Court?
Where can the Law Officers of the Scottish Government or UK Government refer a bill to?
On what date was the Bill for the Scottish Parliament passed?
What type of party forms the Scottish Government?
Who can put their name forward to be First Minister?
What does Parliament elect from a number of candidates at the beginning of each term?
Most ministers and their juniors are drawn from whom?
Who makes the formal appointment or dismissal of a minister?
On what day are general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
In what month of the year are general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
Who can change the date of a poll?
What happens if an ordinary election is held less than six months before an ordinary general election?
How many days of a General Election must the Parliament nominate a member to be First Minister?
What enables the Scottish Parliament to scrutinize the government?
Who is invited to question the First Minister or members of the cabinet?
What does the First Minister deliver at the beginning of each parliamentary year?
What do the leaders of the opposition parties and other MSPs question the First Minister on?
What is also set aside for question periods in the debating chamber?
On what day of the week does General Question Time take place?
Who can members ask questions at General Question Time?
What does this give members an opportunity to question the First Minister on?
How many general questions are available to opposition leaders?
How many MSPs are elected to represent first past the post constituencies?
When did the number of Scottish Parliament constituencies reduce?
How many members do voters choose to represent the constituency?
Why are the island archipelagos of Orkney, Shetland, and the Western Isles smaller than the Scottish Parliament?
How many electors are there in the average Scottish Parliament constituency?
How are the seats allocated?
What method is used to allocate seats in the Parliament?
What does the party with the highest score have?
At this point, the number of list votes in a region is divided by what?
How is this repeated?
What qualifications are required to be an MSP?
When was the British Nationality Act passed?
What age must a member of the Royal Institute be?
What groups are disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament?
What act states that an individual may not sit in the Scottish Parliament if he or she is judged to be insane?
What was the first time in the Scottish Parliament that a party had a majority?
What political party did the SNP take 16 seats from?
How many votes did Gray get in East Lothian?
How many seats did the SNP take from the Liberal Democrats?
What was there sufficient support in the Scottish Parliament to hold a referendum on?
What party lost Edinburgh Pentlands to the SNP?
What seat did the Conservatives lose to the SNP?
How many seats did the Conservatives lose?
Who was the leader of the Conservatives?
Who congratulated the SNP on their victory?
What is a procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament?
What are English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs unable to vote on?
What is the phenomenon that has led to criticism called?
What political party won the 2015 UK election?
Along with Wales and Northern Ireland, what country's domestic legislation does the Scottish Parliament have the ability to vote on?
What is another name for Political Islam?
In what areas of life does Political Islam try to implement Islamic values?
What does Islamism favor in government and society?
The different Islamist movements have been described as oscillating between what?
How is state power seized by Islamists?
What type of process do moderate and reformist Islamists accept and work within?
Where is Hamas located?
What do the Islamist groups want to do?
Al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad reject what?
What is the basis of a basis?
What is the division between Salafis and the Muslim Brotherhood?
What did Olivier Roy argue underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century?
What did the Salafi movement focus on?
Along with Islamism, what has Roy described Islamism as "increasingly interdependent"?
Why do Islamists need democratic elections?
What type of role does Islamism posits?
What ism is a controversial concept because it posits a political role for?
Who believes their views only reflect Islam?
What does Hayri Abaza argue the failure to distinguish between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support?
What do progressive moderates want to separate?
How can we say that those who want to live by the principles of Islam are not what?
Who did a writer for the International Crisis Group claim created the conception of political Islam?
What did the writer for the International Crisis Group say about apolitical Islam?
When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?
What type of Islam is quietist?
What did Western and pro-Western governments see Islamist groups as in the 1970s?
When did Western and pro-Western governments often support sometimes fledgling Islamists?
What did the veterans of the war have?
Who did the US spend billions of dollars to aid?
What did Western governments consider to be more dangerous than Islamists?
What did the veterans of the war have?
Who was the Egyptian president?
What type of relationship did Sadat make with Israel?
What did Sadat release Islamists from prison in exchange for?
When did the "gentlemen's agreement" between Sadat and Islamists break down?
What happened to Sadat?
What type of Islam was Wahhabism?
What did the harshest form of Wahhabism say Muslims should do to infidels for their religion?
What was democracy responsible for in the 20th century?
What did Wahhabi Muslims consider Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims to be?
What nationality was Wahhabism?
What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?
What type of government does this compare very favourably against?
What type of assistance does the Muslim Brotherhood provide to students from out of town?
What is the commitment to social justice limited to?
Why are mass marriage ceremonies important to the Muslim Brotherhood?
What subjects did Iqbal study in England and Germany?
What group did Iqbal join?
What was he a critic of?
When did he come back to Lahore?
What was the title of the book that Iqbal published in 1934?
What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam?
What did Iqbal fear that India's Hindu population would do to Muslim heritage, culture and political influence?
What did he call for the shedding of?
In what year was Sir Muhammad Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League?
What movement was inspired by the address?
Who was an important early 20th century figure in the Islamic revival in India?
What profession did Avicenna choose?
When was the Jamaat-e-Islami party founded?
How did Maududi have more impact?
How did Maududi's books place Islam?
Who was an important early 20th century figure in the Islamic revival in India?
What profession did Avicenna choose?
How did Maududi have more impact?
What did Maududi's books place Islam in?
Maududi believed that a Muslim society could not be Islamic without what?
What did Maududi believe Islam required in order to be Islamic?
What does tawhid mean?
How did Maududi describe the process of changing the hearts and minds of individuals?
How did Maududi want to change the hearts and minds of people?
When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?
What is the motto of the Muslim World?
What type of influence did Al Banna want to eliminate from the Muslim world?
What did some elements of the Brotherhood engage in against the government?
When was Al-Banna assassinated?
Who was assassinated three months before Al-Banna?
When was the Brotherhood banned in Egypt?
Who was the president of Egypt in 1948?
What has the Brotherhood become?
What percentage of seats did the Muslim parties win in the 2011-2012 election?
What was the legal status of the Egyptian opposition for many years?
What was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do during elections?
Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt?
How did the defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops occur?
How did the Six-Day War impact the Arab Muslim world?
What type of stagnation was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes?
What happened to the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics?
Along with democratic movements, what movements gained ground due to Maududi and Qutb?
What type of father was Mohammad Iqbal?
Who was the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?
Where are Khomeini's beliefs perceived to be?
Who did Avicenna believe was necessary for the restoration of Sharia law?
What did Ahmad believe the plundering of Muslim lands was part of?
What type of republic has maintained power in Iran?
What type of groups has the Islamic Republic created in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon?
What type of sanctions does the US have against Iran?
When did the Iranian government enjoy a resurgence in popularity?
Who said that Israel shall vanish?
Who deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan in 1979?
What was the Soviet 40th Army trying to stop?
What did the conflict galvanize thousands of Muslims around the world to do?
What was the military effectiveness of the Afghan Arabs?
How many Muslim volunteers came to fight in Afghanistan?
What did the Gulf War do?
Who did the Gulf War end?
What movement was the Gulf War?
Where was the Gulf War?
What group did Islamists accuse the Saudi regime of being a puppet of?
Who did these attacks resonate with?
Who did Saudi Arabia try to repress?
Where did American troops remain after Saddam's defeat?
What country had a civil war?
Who was responsible for the 9/11 attack?
Who's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment?
When was Qutb executed?
What group did Hasan al-Hudaybi lead?
What movements were inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s?
When did the Brotherhood renounce violence?
Who killed Anwar Sadat in 1981?
When was Anwar Sadat assassinated?
What type of Muslim leaders did the extremist group consider to be?
What was one of the main targets of the Islamic extremists?
Who wrote the pamphlet outlining the views of the Muslim world?
What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya employ in their struggle for Islamic order?
What group used violence in their struggle for Islamic order?
When did Jamaa Islamiya renounced violence?
What was the result of the campaign to overthrow the government?
Who have the Islamic Liberation Party, Salvation from Hell and Takfir wal-Hijra attempted to assassinate?
What type of stance did the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine take towards Israel?
What group did the Brotherhood announce the formation of?
What did the 1988 Hamas charter call for?
Along with going about without hijab, what alcohol did the Muslim middle class disapprove of?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood based?
Who has continued to be a major player in Palestine?
How many people were killed in suicide bombings from 2000 to 2007?
What did it win in the January 2006 legislative election?
When did the Taliban stop killing people in suicide bombings?
What has Hamas been praised by Muslims for?
What type of regime did Hassan al-Turabi lead?
Who led the Islamist regime in Sudan?
What group gained influence when General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government?
What did Turabi build his economic base with?
Where did he recruit loyalists?
When was al-Nimeiry overthrown?
How was the party able to overthrow the government in 1989?
What type of law did Turabi apply?
Who did the NIF regime harbor?
What did the NIF work to unify Islamist opposition to?
What did women do to alleviate the high rate of unemployment?
When was the coalition founded?
Where was the FIS based?
What is the FIS?
What caused the FIS to lose the 1991 elections?
What did the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union not lead to?
How was the civil war in Afghanistan in the 1980s?
When did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse?
What did the civil war in Afghanistan make Afghanistan?
What percentage of Afghanistan did the Taliban take over in 1996?
What group was spawned by the Deobandi movement?
In what country was the Deobandi movement supported by governmental and religious groups?
What is another term for the Taliban?
What did the Taliban want to spread to an entire country?
Who was the guest of Osama bin Laden?
When did General Zia-ul-Haq overthrow Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto?
What did Ali Bhutto announce banning within six months?
What was Zia-ul-Haq's official state ideology?
What did Zia-ul-Haq use Islamization to legitimize?
When was Zia-ul-Haq killed?
What type of group is the Islamic State?
Who is the Islamic State mostly composed of?
How many people lived in Iraq and Syria in March 2015?
What does the state lack?
What did the group declare itself in 2014?
When did Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?
In what year did the Iraqi insurgency begin?
Why was Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad expelled from al-Qaeda?
When did the Syrian Civil War begin?
What has the United Nations designated the group as?
How does the party view Muslim history?
When did HT see Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring?
When was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished?
What type of system did the Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk end?
What is it believed that Mustafa Kemal Atatürk did?
What type of jihad does HT not engage in?
How does HT try to take power?
Who doesHT want to "facilitate" a "change of the government"?
In what country did the Egyptian government attempt a coup in 1974?
Many HT members have gone on to join what?
How many Muslims live in Greater London?
What type of outlook does this outlook have?
When was the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque aired?
What is the term given to the presence of Muslims in Britain?
What was Abu Hamza al-Masri charged with?
How long has the U.S. government been trying to counter Islamism?
What department conducted public diplomacy programs?
Who called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of "political warfare"?
What position did Robert Gates hold?
What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with during the Cold War?
What language did the word "imperium" come from?
Along with colonization and other means, what is one means of imperialism?
Along with the West, what country has been referred to as imperialism in the 19th and 20th centuries?
What has the internet allowed for the rapid spread of?
Along with power, what is imperialism defined as?
What is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule"?
What is another term for racial, religious or cultural stereotypes?
Informal imperialism is less what?
Along with formal imperialism, what is another term for imperialism?
Along with "informal" imperialism, what is another term for imperialism?
What is the general purpose of imperialism?
What is one way that informal rule expands the controlled area?
What is another name for formal imperialism?
What is the greatest benefit of an empire?
What theory caused the world to be divided by how developed and developing nation are portrayed?
Who suggested that imperialism was the highest form of capitalism?
What was built mostly by expansion overland?
Most books on imperialism confine themselves to what type of empires?
What is another term for imperialism?
 colonialism lacks what?
Along with financial reasons, for what reason is imperialism developed?
Along with the Russian, what is an example of a land empire that is excluded from discussions of colonialism?
Imperialism and colonialism have been used to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon what?
What two things dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations?
What does colonialism refer to the process of?
How does imperialism create an empire?
What is the core meaning of colonialism?
What can be inherited by the conquered indigenous populations?
What is a controversial aspect of imperialism?
What is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds?
What does Hobson believe should be the races that do the best work?
Along with "Social Darwinism," what theory was used as a justification for imperialism?
What is still prized today in Latin America?
Where was Friedrich Ratzel from?
Where was Halford Mackinder from?
What type of geographers supported imperialism?
The Royal Geographical Society of London and other what had great influence?
What did the Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe do for travelers who came back with tales of their discoveries?
What theory suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance?
In what zone did Ellen Churchill Semple argue that humans were able to become fully human?
Tropicality can be paralleled with Edward Said's what?
What type of people did geographies such as environmental determinism suggest tropical environments created?
According to Siad, orientalism allowed Europe to establish itself as what?
What did British imperialism often use?
When did the British rule the continent of Australia?
The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of what?
What type of inhabitants lived in Australia?
What does Terra nullius mean?
What does Orientalism refer to how the West developed?
What did early European studies of the Orient portray the East as?
What did the West consider the East to be?
What refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East?
What type of West was the East?
What did Bassett focus on during the "scramble for Africa"?
What did imperial and colonial powers use information to fill in?
What does blank space denote?
What did he analyze during his analysis?
Along with the British, what country's power did maps promote in West Africa?
During what era did the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire exist?
Imperialism was a basic component to the conquests of whom?
How many historically recognized Muslim empires are there?
Along with the Oyo Empire, Asante Union, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire, and Mutapa Empire, what is the name of the other Empire?
What continent has had empires that predate European colonialism?
What is it called when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
What does cultural imperialism refer to?
What American soap opera changed the expectations of Romanians during the Cold War?
Dallas changed the expectations of what type of ians?
What do authoritarian regimes use to fight foreign popular culture?
When did the Age of Imperialism begin?
What did industrializing nations engage in the process of doing during the Age of Imperialism?
How many years have imperialist practices existed?
When did the Age of Imperialism end?
What is the name of the policy in China?
When was John Gallagher born?
When did Ronald Robinson die?
John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson were what?
What grew significantly and became more interconnected in the decades before World War I?
Who was rich and prosperous in the decades before World War I?
What was the main focus of Europe's territorial imperialism?
When was the colonization of India?
Where did Europe collect resources from?
The British exploited the political weakness of what state?
Along with military technology, what technology did Europe continue to advance in?
What did European chemists make that could be used in combat?
What had become an effective battlefield weapon by the 1880s?
What were armies in less developed countries still fighting with?
What type of chemists made deadly explosives?
In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on what experience?
When was the term "Imperialism" introduced into English?
Along with idealism, what did some people consider imperialism to be?
Why did Lenin believe Imperialism was a natural extension of capitalism?
Along with capitalism and imperialism, what other group has been linked to imperialism?
When did the rise of the military-political complex in the US begin?
When were these writers at their most prolific?
What did Hobson consider imperialism to be?
What did Hobson believe could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order?
What concept served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples?
What was believed to determine a person's behaviours?
How were people living in tropical environments seen?
Along with the Americas, Asia and Africa, where was the last wave of European colonialism?
What are the two forms of this?
According to who, under colonizing empires, the world could be split into climatic zones?
What temperate climate did these scholars believe produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being?
What were the people of these climates believed to be in need of?
What is a view of a people based on their geographical location?
According to geographic scholars, the world could be split into climatic zones under what?
Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as what century?
When was the British East India Company established?
Who chartered the British East India Company?
What did political activity of the East India Company cause?
What other empire had already established trading posts in India?
When did France take control of Algeria?
When did France begin to rebuild its worldwide empire?
Along with French civilization and language, what religion did the empire spread?
In what continent did France concentrate after 1850?
When did Republicans become supportive of empire?
What did Jules Ferry say France had a duty to do?
What was always on the distant horizon?
What did France send to its colonies?
What did the French want to bring to the world?
What was the only colony where French settlers remained a small minority?
What did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French use as bases?
What began to challenge the Empire after 1945?
In what country did France fight and lose a bitter war in the 1950s?
Where did the French win the war in 1962?
When did most of France's colonies gain independence?
Where were the original homelands of the Germanic tribes?
What was excluded from the Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe?
When did Germanic tribes expand throughout northern and western Europe?
When did the Holy Roman Empire form?
What did "Germany" remain largely a conceptual term referring to?
When was Germany's participation in Western imperialism negligible?
When did Otto von Bismarck become Chancellor?
When did Prussia unite the other states?
Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
Prussia and the German states used the Concert of Europe to manipulate what?
Along with Africa, where did Germany begin to build a colonial empire in 1883-84?
Why did Bismarck want colonies?
When was German New Guinea established?
What was the first German colony?
Who influenced Popper?
What did Japan take from Russia?
When was the First Sino-Japanese War?
What country did Japan invade?
What did Japan conquer in 1931?
The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of what country supported communist movements in foreign nations?
In what year did the Endangered Species Act stop being implemented?
Who asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory?
Where did the Soviet Union's forces occupy after World War II?
Who had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as the empire?
What did Trotsky believe the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of?
Who said Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism?
Who argued that the Soviet Union had become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade?
Who was the new political leader in the late 1950s?
What did Joseph Stalin establish for the Soviet Union?
What was the First British Empire based on?
In what year were the American colonies lost?
What policy gave Britain dominance in the trade of much of the world?
When did the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies occur?
In what year did France lose to Britain?
What was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen in terms of landmass and population?
What did Social Darwinism form an ideological underpinning during this time?
What was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury?
Along with Asia, in what part of the world did the 19th century see a resurgence?
What was the name of the policy that the United States used to express its opposition to Imperialism?
What was Theodore Roosevelt's policy in Central America?
What happened in the Philippines one year after America's occupation?
Along with Cuba, what country did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose the annexation of?
What did Smedley Butler call American foreign policy?
Who was a key figure in the plans for the American Empire?
In what year was he appointed to President Wilson's inquiry?
Along with President Wilson, who was responsible for the inquiry?
What was the point of the inquiry?
What was Isiah Bowman known as?
What have some people described as a form of imperialism?
What is the internal form of empire called?
How many Africans were slaves?
What did Edward Said say the US was using aggressive means of attack towards?
When did the Ottoman Empire end?
Who was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries?
How many provinces did the empire have at the beginning of the 17th century?
Along with Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa, what continent did the Ottoman Empire control?
When was the Ottoman Empire's power at its height?
What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire?
Who did the empire ally with in the early 20th century?
What caused the dissolution of the Ottoman empire?
What state emerged in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland after World War I?
What is the name of the mainline Protestant Methodist denomination?
What is the UMC?
When was the UMC founded?
What was the UMC founded by?
What is the church's theological orientation?
What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement?
How many members are in the United Methodist Church?
What type of denomination is the UMC?
What percentage of the U.S. population identified with the United Methodist Church in 2015?
When did the United Methodist Church begin?
Where did the United Methodist Church begin?
What did other students mock the Methodists for?
When did John and Charles Wesley go to America?
Where did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Who did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel to?
What did the teaching of the Anglican church emphasize?
What event separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church?
When did Wesley appoint Thomas Coke to lead the Methodist Society?
Who did Wesley appoint to lead the Methodist Society?
Where was the conference held?
Where was the conference held?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the US?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the US?
When was the congregation founded?
What was the name of the building that the church purchased in 1769?
When was the Methodist Episcopal Church founded?
Who were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
Who licensed them in 1784?
When were they licensed by St. George's Church?
When did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
Why did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
When did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split?
Why did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split?
When was the United Methodist Church created?
Where did the Evangelical United Brethren Church and The Methodist Church join?
Who represented the Methodist Church?
What type of church does the United Methodist Church consider itself to be a part of?
What recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed?
What does the concept of the "visible and invisible Church" mean?
Why was John Wesley compelled to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers?
Who assisted Wesley in this action?
Who did John Wesley ordain as presbyters?
When was the United Methodist Church formed?
Who were the founding fathers of the United Methodist church?
Who led the team that systematized denominational doctrine?
Who led the team that systematized denominational doctrine?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What isvenient grace?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is the name of the grace offered by God to all people?
In what way are we received by God in spite of our sins?
What is another name for justifying grace?
What is another name for justifying grace?
What is the name of the event that marks the start of a new year?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is the name of the grace of God that sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is the goal of Sanctifying Grace?
What stands at a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental?
What does the United Methodist Church believe in?
What denomination is generally considered one of the more moderate and tolerant?
According to what book is United Methodist theology at once "catholic, evangelical, and reformed"?
When did the General Conference go on record in support of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
What is the denomination's stance on abortion?
What group was the denomination a founding member of?
What two official bodies of the United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
Who does the Church emphasize the need to be in supportive ministry with?
The church holds that they are equally bound to respect the sacredness of the life and well-being of who?
What does TUMAS stand for?
When was the General Conference of the United Methodist Church held?
Who is president of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality?
What movement has the Methodist Church historically supported?
When did the United Methodist Church's General Board of Church and Society call on all United Methodists to abstain from alcohol for Lent?
What was the name of John Wesley's famous sermon?
What does the United Methodist Church use in the sacrament of Holy Communion?
What does the United Methodist Church condemn?
When did Jesus abolish the death penalty?
When did Jesus explicitly repudiate the lex talionis?
What part of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment?
What does the United Methodist Church prohibit the celebration of?
When was Rev. Jimmy Creech defrocked?
In what year was same-sex marriage legalized nationwide?
What is the name of the governing committee?
What community have many organizations, conferences, and congregations recently called for broader acceptance of?
Many conferences have taken a position by voting in favor of what?
When was Rose Mary Denman defrocked?
In what year were clergy credentials removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud?
Who approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose?
What is not always righteous before God according to the church?
What does the Church support and extend its ministry to those who oppose?
What does the United Methodist Church maintain that war is incompatible with?
What does the Church reject war as?
What does the United Methodist Church endorses?
Who states that "Research shows it [pornography is not an 'innocent activity'?
What does the United Methodist Church teach pornography is about?
What do people who are addicted to pornography change their perceptions of?
What type of research does the UMC support federal funding for?
What can be retrieved from umbilical cords?
What does the UMC support federal funding for?
What was the name of John Wesley's revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
When did John Wesley provide a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
What did John Wesley provide a revised version of?
In what country is exorcism an occasional practice?
Many of these liturgies are derived from what?
Along with the laying on of hands, what other service involves the laying of hands?
What may be named after a biblical figure?
Who was the founder of the Salvation Army?
Who was Methodism's founder?
What church is organized into conferences?
What is the name of the highest level of the church?
What is the name of the book that records legislative changes?
What is the name of the highest level of the church?
How often does the General Conference meet?
How many jurisdictions does the United States have?
How many central conferences does the church have outside of the United States?
What is the main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences?
Who are the chief administrators of the church?
Bishops thus elected serve what?
What is the name of the group that consists of church bishops?
Who are the members of the Mission Council?
How many acres of land did the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction approve for the George W. Bush Presidential Library?
What was the purpose of the lease?
Where was the George W. Bush Presidential Library?
How many members are there?
What is the highest court in the denomination?
How long is the term of a member of the General Conference?
How often does the Council meet?
Where does the Council meet?
What is the basic unit of organization within the UMC?
What does the term Annual Conference refer to?
Where are clergy appointed to a local church or other charge?
What is the name of the guidebook for local United Methodist churches?
How many members must all UM churches have on their board of trustees?
How many members must a UM church have on its board of trustees?
What is the name of the annual meeting of all the officers of the church and any interested members?
What is the name of the annual meeting of all the officers of the church and any interested members?
How many colleges and universities does the United Methodist Church affiliate with?
How many schools does the church operate overseas?
What is the name of the association that most Methodist schools are members of?
Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?
What role do Jehovah's Witnesses usually serve in local congregations?
What is the name of the group that Elders in full connection are a part of?
Each deacon in full connection is a member of what?
Who advises the resident bishop on clergy appointments?
How long can an appointment be made for?
What must happen before no appointments are officially fixed?
Who are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop?
Where can they be appointed to?
How long do provisional Elders serve?
Elders may also be assigned as what?
How long do deacons serve?
Who is called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop?
Who is called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop?
What can a deacon do if they are appointed as a pastor in a local church?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is a seminary graduate?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is the official title of a Local Pastor?
What type of pastor is under appointment?
How many years of study are local pastors required to attend?
What type of membership allows clergy to retire as clergy?
What are those who have been baptized as an infant or child but have not subsequently professed their own faith called?
How do Baptized Members become Professing Members?
How can an individual become a Professing Member?
What is a sacrament in the UMC?
Where do students learn about Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition?
What directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes to all people, including adults?
What do students learn in confirmation and membership preparation classes?
What are the two categories of what?
What must a lay servant do to be recognized as a local church lay servant?
How often must students report and reapply for courses?
How many advanced courses must a student complete?
What is one tradition within the Christian Church?
What status did the Evangelical church vote to seek in the National Association of Evangelicals?
What do some in the United Methodist Church feel that false ecumenism might result in?
When was the Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed?
When did the United Methodist Church enter into full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
Since what year has the United Methodist Church been exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations?
How many members did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many congregations did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many members were there in 2005?
How many congregations were there in 2005?
What state has the largest number of members?
What was the total UMC membership at the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
How many members were estimated to be in the U.S. in 2008?
How many UMC members were estimated to be overseas?
What group is the UMC a member of?
What is the name of the interdenominational group that the Methodist church is active in?
When did delegates to the World Methodist Council vote unanimously to adopt the "Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification"?
When was the French and Indian War?
Who was the war between?
What was the population of the French North American colonies at the start of the war?
How many people lived in the British North American colonies?
Where was the war fought?
What started the dispute that led to the site of French Fort Duquesne?
When did the dispute erupt into violence?
In what year did six colonial governors meet with General Edward Braddock?
What was Braddock's main effort?
Why did British operations in 1755, 1756 and 1757 fail?
What did the British capture in 1755?
What did the British order after capturing Fort Beauséjour?
Who came to power and significantly increased British military resources?
Why did France not send troops to New France?
Where did France concentrate its forces?
Where did the British lose to the French?
What territory did France cede to Britain?
What did Spain give to Britain in exchange for Florida?
What did the loss of the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon do for Britain?
When was the first King George's War?
What does the traditional name of the Seven Years' War omit?
What was the Seven Years' War?
What are two less frequently used names for the war?
What are the seven years of the "Seven Years"?
How long did the fighting between the British and the French last?
When was Montreal captured?
What was the name of the battle in 1754?
What was the population of the French population in Nova Scotia?
Where was the French population located?
Where did French fur traders and trappers travel throughout?
What was the ratio of British settlers to French settlers?
Where did British settlers live on the eastern coast of the continent?
Where were the population centers of the Marshall Islands located?
Who dominated large areas in between the French and the British?
Which two groups were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War?
The Iroquois Confederation dominated much of what?
Under what rule were the tribes formally under?
What were the three Siouan-speaking tribes in the Southeast interior?
Where did the French recruit fighters from?
Who supported the British in the war?
How many French troops were in North America at the start of the war?
Along with the French, who had troops in North America at the start of the war?
Did most British colonies have standing forces?
How many miles did the expedition cover?
How many people were in the expedition?
Who did Céloron tell to leave the territory?
What did the Native Americans do when Céloron's expedition arrived at Logstown?
What village was just south of the confluence of the Ohio and Miami rivers?
What did Céloron do?
What did Céloron do?
What did Céloron say about the localities?
What was the position of each side on the situation in Ohio Country?
What did William Shirley say about British colonists?
When did the British government give land to the Ohio Company of Virginia?
Who did the British government give land to in 1749?
Who explored the Ohio territory on behalf of Virginia and the company?
What was the name of the treaty completed in 1752?
Where was the Treaty of Logstown signed?
What is the North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession known as?
When did the War of the Austrian Succession end?
What issues were turned over to a commission to resolve?
What was claimed by both sides?
Who was the Governor-General of New France in 1752?
How many men did Langlade have?
What was the goal of Céloron?
How many people were killed in the attack on Pickawillany?
Who was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine?
What was the name of the first lake-side island constructed?
Where did Marin build a second fort?
What was the purpose of the king's orders?
Who was the chief of the Mingo?
What was Johnson's job?
What was Johnson known as by the Iroquois?
What was Johnson's title in 1746?
Who insisted that the British abide by their obligations and block French expansion?
What company was Governor Dinwiddie an investor in?
Who did Dinwiddie order to warn the French to leave Virginia territory?
Who did Washington pick up along the way?
On what date did Washington and his men reach Fort Le Boeuf?
Who succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces?
What letter did Saint-Pierre receive?
What did Saint-Pierre say about the Summons?
What did de La Salle tell Washington?
When did Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecœur lead 500 men south?
When did Dinwiddie begin construction of a small stockaded fort?
What was the name of the building that he purchased their construction tools to build?
What was the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
What did Tanaghrisson do to the Canadians?
Why did Tanaghrisson act?
Why did the Duke of Newcastle send an army expedition?
Why did the British military leave for North America?
What did King Louis XV do in response to the British?
What was the purpose of the British fleet?
What was the name of the congress that was convened in June and July of 1754?
What was the goal of the congress?
What was never ratified by the colonial legislatures?
What became the prototype for confederation during the War of Independence?
Who led the expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
What was the result of the expedition?
How many British soldiers were killed or injured?
Who played a key role in organizing the retreat?
Who did the French acquire a copy of the British war plans?
What was Shirley's problem with managing large expeditions?
What did Shirley plan to do in his absence?
What did Shirley leave at Oswego?
Who noticed that Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's?
What did Vaudreuil do when Johnson was seen as the larger threat?
How did the battle end?
What was Fort Edward's opponent in the Battle of Lake George?
Where did the French withdraw to after Johnson's advance stopped?
Who captured Fort Beauséjour in June 1755?
What did Governor Charles Lawrence order?
Where were the only clashes of any size?
Who assumed command of British forces in North America?
Where was the meeting held in 1755?
What did Napoleon want to do with Niagara, Crown Point and Duquesne?
How did he propose to attack Quebec?
Who was Loudoun's second in command?
Who led the French regular army reinforcements to New France?
When did England declare war on France?
Where was Shirley's forts located?
In what battle did the French destroy the fort?
How much gunpowder did the French destroy?
What did the British lose?
Who refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them?
Where did Montcalm move his headquarters to?
What garrison did Montcalm harass?
What did Montcalm and the Indians disagree about?
What is an example of an attack in New France?
Why did Napoleon leave a force at Fort William Henry?
Who was the Secretary of State responsible for the colonies?
What caused Loudoun to return to New York?
Who harassed Fort William Henry in 1757?
What body of water was the target of the raid?
What happened to Montcalm's Indian allies?
Why were Vaudreuil and Montcalm resupplied in 1758?
What happened in 1757?
What did Montcalm focus his resources on?
What caused the fall of Newcastle?
Who developed the plan for the 1758 campaign?
What did Pitt's plan call for?
What two of the expeditions were successful?
How many French men fought in the Battle of Carillon?
What was Abercrombie's force?
What did Abercrombie do to save something from the disaster?
What happened to Abercrombie?
What did the duc de Choiseul focus on?
How did Pitt's invasion of New France fare?
Where did the French Navy fail in the 1759 naval battles?
Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?
What did the victory at Fort Niagara do?
In what battle did the British lose outside Quebec City?
In what battle were the British able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships?
Who negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst?
What did Amherst give to French residents who chose to remain in the colony?
Who did Governor Vaudreuil negotiate a capitulation with?
When did the war in North America end?
When was the Seven Years' War settled?
What did the British offer France?
Why did the people of the Caribbean see the value of sugar cane more than the furs from the continent?
How many people lived in French Canada and Acadia?
When did the deportation of Acadians begin?
Where did the British resettle many Acadians?
Where did some Acadians go?
Who issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 do?
Where was the reservation of lands to the Indian population?
Where did most of the Yamasee go?
What made the Ohio Country particularly vulnerable to legal and illegal settlement?
When was the Spanish takeover of Louisiana completed?
What were the names of the historic enemies of the British?
What did the elimination of French power in North America mean for native populations?
What concept did philosophers in antiquity use in the study of stationary and moving objects?
Aristotle and Archimedes retained what in understanding force?
Along with Galileo Galilei, who corrected many of the previous misunderstandings about motion and force?
How long were Newton's laws of motion not improved on?
Who developed the theory of relativity?
What has particle physics devised to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms?
What are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed?
What is the strongest of the four main interactions?
What is one of the four main interactions?
High-energy particle physics observations made during the 1970s and 1980s confirmed that the weak and electromagnetic forces are expressions of what?
Who provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology?
Aristotle provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of what?
How many elements did Aristotle think the terrestrial sphere contained?
Where did Aristotle believe motionless objects on Earth to be in their natural place?
What type of motion required continued application of a force?
When did Galileo Galilei begin to correct the shortcomings of Aristotelian physics?
Who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus?
 Galileo Galilei was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of what?
Who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus?
What is a force that would cause an object to retain their velocity unless acted on?
Who wrote the First Law of Motion?
What did Galileo believe constant velocity was associated with?
Who wrote the First Law of Motion?
What law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
How are the laws of physics in every inertial frame of reference?
What does not change from being at rest?
What shape does the ball follow?
The laws of physics do not change from being what?
What applies equally well to constant velocity motion as it does to rest?
What concept can be further generalized to explain the tendency of objects to continue in many different forms of constant motion?
What fixes the constancy of the length of a day?
Who extended the principle of inertia?
What do astronauts experience when in free-fall orbit around the Earth?
What was one of the foundational underpinnings for the development of the general theory of relativity?
What asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force?
What type of measurements can be used to define acceleration?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
The relative units of force and mass then are what?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects?
What type of force is there no such thing as?
F and −F are equal in what?
What part of the system will not cause the action-reaction force shared between two objects in a closed system to accelerate?
In what type of system are there no internal forces that are unbalanced?
What does the action-reaction force shared between two objects in a closed system not cause to accelerate?
Since forces are perceived as pushes or pulls, this can provide an what?
What is the operational definition of forces compared to?
What is the conceptual definition of force offered by?
Through what means is it determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics?
What are forces classified as?
What are physical quantities that do not have direction called?
What avoids such problems?
If both of these pieces of information are not known for each force, the situation is what?
What avoids such problems?
In what condition were forces first quantitatively investigated?
What do forces have?
What is another name for the resultant force?
What must be specified in order to account for the effects of forces on the motion of the body?
The addition of two vectors represented by sides of what gives an equivalent resultant vector that is equal in magnitude and direction?
What can forces be resolved into?
How many horizontal forces can a horizontal force pointing northeast be split into?
What does combining component forces using vector addition yield?
What type of components are uniquely determined by the scalar addition of the components of the individual vectors?
Orthogonal force vectors can be what?
Pushing against an object on a frictional surface is opposed by what?
Pushing against an object on a frictional surface is opposed by what?
What type of force is opposed by static friction?
What is opposed by static friction?
A static equilibrium between two what is the most usual way of measuring forces?
What is the force of gravity balanced by?
An object suspended on a vertical spring scale experiences the force of what?
An object suspended on a vertical spring scale experiences the force of what?
Who created the Three Laws of Motion?
Who first described dynamic equilibrium?
What frame did Galileo realize did not exist?
Who first described dynamic equilibrium?
Where would a cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
Where would a cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
A simple case of what occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction?
What opposes the applied force?
A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with what?
Who misinterpreted the motion as being caused by the applied force?
Who describes the physics of quantum mechanics?
What type of equations are used in quantum mechanics?
What are potentials treated similar to?
What is it called when the results of a measurement appear in discrete portions?
What keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics?
What is the Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables?
What principle relates the space and the spin variables?
What is the Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables?
What type of spins must the position variables be symmetric?
What type of spins must the spatial variables be antisymmetric?
In modern particle physics, forces and the acceleration of particles are explained as what?
What does s stand for in modern particle physics?
What does force arise from?
What diagrams are a conceptually simple way to describe interactions?
In a Feynman diagram, each matter particle is represented as a what kind of line?
How many fundamental interactions are all of the forces in the universe based on?
What are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances?
What type of force acts between electric charges?
The gravitational force acts between what?
What does not permit atoms to pass through each other?
Who unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the forces responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics?
In what century did the development of quantum mechanics lead to a modern understanding of the first three fundamental forces?
The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of what?
What type of model are physicists still trying to develop?
Who identified gravity as a universal force?
Who was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects?
What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity?
Where is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity taken from?
What is proportional to the mass of an object at the Earth's surface?
When did Newton come to realize that the effects of gravity might be observed in different ways?
What did Newton determine could be ascribed to the same force of gravity as the Earth?
The acceleration due to gravity is proportional to what?
Along with the mass of the Earth, what does the gravitational acceleration of the earth relate to?
What is the name of the constant that was unknown in Newton's lifetime?
Who was the first to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
When was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
Who created the Universal Gravitation Constant?
What planet did Newton's Law of Gravitation not explain?
What is the name of the planet that some astrophysicists predicted would explain the discrepancies?
What is GR?
Who came up with the theory of general relativity?
Who came up with the theory of general relativity?
What theory is acknowledged as the theory that best explains gravity?
What is the straight line path in space-time called?
What is the time derivative of the changing momentum of the object called?
In what sense can the curvature of space-time be observed?
What is the time rate of change of electric charge?
The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of what type of force?
What describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field?
What can be written as a sum of the electric field and what?
Who unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?
When was the origin of electric and magnetic fields fully explained?
How many scalar equations did James Clerk Maxwell unite?
How many vector equations did Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs create?
Who unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?
What theory did attempting to reconcile with two observations, the photoelectric effect and the nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe prove troublesome?
What did physicists use to develop a new theory of electromagnetism?
What does QED stand for?
What are wave-particles known as in QED?
What does QED stand for?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What is the name of the principle that causes the characteristics of fermions?
What type of quantum mechanical states are there not enough of for all the electrons in a material?
How is the effect manifested macroscopically?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What is the name of the principle that causes the characteristics of fermions?
What type of quantum mechanical states are there not enough of for all the electrons in a material?
How is the effect manifested macroscopically?
The strong force only acts directly upon what?
What is observed between hadrons?
What type of force is the residual of the force between hadrons?
How is the strong force transmitted?
What is the phenomenon called?
What is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons?
What is the most familiar effect of neutrons in atomic nuclei?
What is the associated effect of beta decay?
How many times less than the strong force is the field strength?
At what temperature are electromagnetic forces and the weak force indistinguishable?
What is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms?
What happens when two electron clouds overlap?
What causes Pauli repulsion?
What type of force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact?
What can be used to model tension forces?
What can be combined with ideal strings to switch physical direction?
Ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously in what?
What does the tandem effects result in?
What is used to connect the same string to the same object?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect what?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than what?
In real life, matter has been what in terms of structure?
In real life, forces that act on one part of an object might affect what other parts?
In real life, matter has what kind of structure?
What accounts for forces that cause all strains?
What terms are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What terms are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What is angle?
What is an example of a torque problem?
What can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body?
Where is the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object always directed?
What direction do forces act to the velocity vector associated with the motion of an object?
What type of force is always directed to the center of the curving path?
In what direction is the unit vector pointing outwards from the center?
What accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system allows energy to convert only between potential forms and what other form?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system can only convert energy into kinetic or what other form?
What is conserved whenever a conservative force acts on the system?
What is the force related to?
What can the direction and amount of a flow of water be considered to be?
What is it impossible to model as being due to gradient of potentials?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to what?
What is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms?
Other than friction, what type of forces other than friction include other contact forces?
The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with what?
The connection between microscopic conservative forces and what is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics?
The connection between microscopic conservative forces and what is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics?
Which law of thermodynamics states that nonconservative forces necessarily result in energy transformations within closed systems?
The connection between microscopic conservative forces and what is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics?
What is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass?
What is another name for the kilogram-force?
What is the metric unit of mass?
What is equivalent to 1000 lbf?
What is equivalent to 1000 N?