What team won the Super Bowl 50?
Who did the Denver Broncos defeat to win Super Bowl 50?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
What team won the Super Bowl 50?
What was the theme of the 50th Super Bowl?
What was the theme of the 50th Super Bowl?
On what date was Super Bowl 50 played?
What league did the Denver Broncos belong to?
What was the theme of the 50th Super Bowl?
What league did the Denver Broncos belong to?
On what date was Super Bowl 50 played?
What team won the Super Bowl 50?
Where was the 2016 Super Bowl played?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
What would have been the name of the Super Bowl with Roman numerals?
In what year was the first Super Bowl played?
In what year was the first Super Bowl played?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
Where was the 2016 Super Bowl played?
What was the final score of Super Bowl 50?
On what date was Super Bowl 50 played?
In what year was the first Super Bowl played?
What team won the Super Bowl 50?
Who did the Denver Broncos defeat to win Super Bowl 50?
What team won the Super Bowl 50?
In what year was the first Super Bowl played?
What team won the Super Bowl 50?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
What was the name of the game that determined the champion of the National Football League for the 2015 season?
What team won the Super Bowl 50?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
How many appearances have the Broncos made in the Super Bowl?
When was the Carolina Panthers founded?
Who did the Panthers defeat to advance to the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers defeat to advance to the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the record of the Panthers in the regular season?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the record of the Broncos in the regular season?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Panthers defeat to advance to the NFC Championship Game?
What was the Broncos record in the regular season?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers defeat to advance to the NFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Panthers defeat to advance to the NFC Championship Game?
When was the Carolina Panthers founded?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
Who took an early lead in Super Bowl 50?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
Was Newton limited by Denver's defense?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
What was the first of Newton's three turnovers?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
Who was named the Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the second most watched Super Bowl halftime show?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Bruno Mars, what artist performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Where did Super Bowl 50 rank as the most watched U.S. broadcast?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
Who headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the second most watched Super Bowl halftime show?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
What game did Goodell call "spectacular"?
In what year did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
When did Goodell say that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
What did Goodell call the 50th Super Bowl?
What did Goodell call the 50th Super Bowl?
In what year did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
What is the name of the first stadium to be narrowed to three?
What is the name of the other stadium that was narrowed down to three?
What is the name of the other stadium that was narrowed down to three?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What were the three sites that the league narrowed the bids to?
How many sites did the league eventually narrow the bids to?
In what city is the Mercedes-Benz Superdome?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
In what city is Levi's Stadium located?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
When did the league announce the two finalists for the Super Bowl?
How many times has South Florida/Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in South Florida?
When was the last time Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host a Super Bowl?
Along with Levi's Stadium, what was the other finalist to host the Super Bowl?
When did the league announce the two finalists for the Super Bowl?
Where was Super Bowl XIX held in 1985?
When did the Florida legislature refuse to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When was the last time Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
How many finalists did the league announce on October 16, 2012?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in South Florida?
How many finalists did the league announce on October 16, 2012?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host a Super Bowl?
Along with Miami, which city has hosted the most Super Bowls?
When did the league announce the two finalists for the Super Bowl?
How many times has the South Florida/Miami area hosted the Super Bowl?
Along with Miami, which city has hosted the most Super Bowls?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host a Super Bowl?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
Who voted to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
Where was Super Bowl XXXVII held in 2003?
Where were the 2013 NFL owners meeting held?
When was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
What was the last Super Bowl held in California?
Where was Super Bowl XXXVII held in 2003?
In what year was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
When was the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What was the last Super Bowl held in California?
When was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
In what year did Super Bowl XXXVII take place in San Diego?
Where were the 2013 NFL owners meeting held?
When was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
In what year did Super Bowl XXXVII take place in San Diego?
Who was the coach of the Carolina Panthers in their last Super Bowl?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
How many teams have had a 15-1 regular season?
Which team was one of only ten to have completed the regular season with only one loss?
Where did the Denver Broncos make their first Super Bowl appearance?
Who was the coach of the Carolina Panthers in their last Super Bowl?
How many times have the Denver Broncos appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
What was the only other time the Carolina Panthers have appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have had a 15-1 regular season?
What was the number of seeds from both conferences in the Super Bowl?
What was the number of seeds from both conferences in the Super Bowl?
Where did the Denver Broncos make their first Super Bowl appearance?
What was the only other time the Carolina Panthers have appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have had a 15-1 regular season?
How many regular season losses did the Carolina Panthers have?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was the coach of the Carolina Panthers in their last Super Bowl?
What running back was waived by the Carolina Panthers?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
How many teams have won at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had the best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many All-Pro selections did the Panthers have?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
In what year did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the New Orleans Saints have the best start to a season in NFL history?
What year did the Green Bay Packers have the best start to a season in NFL history?
What happened to Kelvin Benjamin in the preseason?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
What running back was waived by the Carolina Panthers?
In what year did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
What team had the best regular season in franchise history?
When did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had the best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense have?
How many total touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. record?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many punts did Ted Ginn, Jr. return?
Who was Cam Newton's leading receiver?
How many total touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. record?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many passes did Greg Olsen catch?
What was Greg Olsen's role on the Panthers?
Who was the running back for the Panthers?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense have?
Who had one of his best seasons?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw for?
How many total touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. record?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense have?
How many points did the Panthers offense score?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw for?
How many total touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. record?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many receptions did Jerricho Cotchery have?
How many points did the Panthers defense give up?
How many career sacks did Jared Allen have?
How many tackles did Luke Kuechly make?
How many interceptions did the Panthers defense have?
Who led the Panthers in sacks with 11?
How many interceptions did the Panthers defense have?
Who led the Panthers in sacks with 11?
How many interceptions did the Panthers defense have?
How many interceptions did the Panthers defense have?
Who led the Panthers secondary with a career high seven interceptions?
How many interceptions did the Panthers defense have?
Who had 5 sacks in just 9 starts?
Which linebacker led the team in tackles with 118?
How many fumbles did Kawann Short recover?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season?
What team did Peyton Manning play for in 1998?
Who did the Broncos lose to in the regular season finale?
Who is the defensive coordinator of the Broncos?
How many division championships did John Fox win?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
What team did Peyton Manning play for in 1998?
How old was Peyton Manning in the 2015 off-season?
What injury caused Peyton Manning to have his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who led the NFL in interceptions?
What caused Peyton Manning to have his worst statistical season since his rookie year?
How old was Peyton Manning in the 2015 off-season?
How many division championships did John Fox win?
Who was the head coach of the Denver Broncos prior to Gary Kubiak?
Who led the NFL in interceptions?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Where did Peyton Manning suffer a partial tear of the plantar fasciitis?
Who is the defensive coordinator of the Broncos?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler throw?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many yards did Manning throw for?
How many touchdowns did Manning throw?
Who led the team with 105 receptions?
What position did Demaryius Thomas hold?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions?
How many receptions did Demaryius Thomas have?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
What was Ronnie Hillman's yards per carry average?
How many yards did the Broncos' defense allow?
How many sacks did defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson have?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles with 109?
How many interceptions did cornerback Aqib Talib have?
What position did Brandon Marshall hold?
What position did Brandon Marshall hold?
What position did Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson hold?
How many points did the Broncos' defense allow?
Who led the Broncos with 11 sacks?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles with 109?
How many fumbles did Von Miller recover?
Who led the Broncos with 11 sacks?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles with 109?
Which two defensive ends had 5½ sacks?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force against the Arizona Cardinals?
What was the final score of the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the divisional round?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force against the Arizona Cardinals?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
What was the final score of the AFC Championship Game?
How long did it take the Broncos to intercept a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt?
What team defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were left on the clock in the AFC Championship Game?
Who didn't throw any interceptions in the Broncos two playoff games?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were left on the clock in the AFC Championship Game?
Who broke his arm in the NFC Championship Game?
What did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many ACL tears had Thomas Davis overcome in his career?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
What had Thomas Davis already overcome in his career?
What did Thomas Davis break?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
What did Thomas Davis say he would still play in?
How many ACL tears had Thomas Davis overcome in his career?
What did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
Who broke his arm in the NFC Championship Game?
At what age is Peyton Manning the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
Who was the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl at age 39?
At what age did John Elway lead the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What is John Elway's job title?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who was the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl at age 39?
At what age did John Elway lead the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How many different teams did Peyton Manning lead?
How many different teams did Peyton Manning lead?
Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
Who was the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl at age 39?
In what Super Bowl did John Elway lead the Broncos to victory?
Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
At what age is Peyton Manning the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
Who was the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl at age 39?
In what year was Manning the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton in 2011?
How old were the two quarterbacks in the Super Bowl?
Who was the other top pick in the 2011 draft?
Who was the #1 pick in the 1998 NFL draft?
Who was the #1 pick in the 2011 NFL draft?
How old was Newton in 2011?
What was the first Super Bowl to feature a team with the #1 pick in their draft class?
In what year was Manning the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
Who was the other top pick in the 2011 draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton in 2011?
How old were the two quarterbacks in the Super Bowl?
In what Super Bowl did Rivera play as a linebacker?
What team did Rivera play for?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
What team did Kubiak replace Elway with?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
Who was a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
In what Super Bowl did Rivera play as a linebacker?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in the 2015 season?
What type of turf did the NFL use for the Super Bowl?
Who is the field director of the Atlanta Braves?
What team's kicker slipped and missed a field goal in the 2015 season?
What was Justin Tucker's job?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in the 2015 season?
What was Justin Tucker's job?
What type of turf did the NFL use for the Super Bowl?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in the 2015 season?
What did the NFL re-sodd the field with?
What type of turf did the NFL use for the Super Bowl?
What did a number of players need to change during the game?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in the 2015 season?
What type of field is typically used for Super Bowl games?
Who was the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams?
What was the final score of the Super Bowl in which Elway played?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXXIII?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear white?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear white?
What was the final score of the Super Bowl in which Elway played?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What did the Broncos choose to wear in the Super Bowl?
Who was the only other AFC champion to wear white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear white?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXXII?
What color jerseys have the Broncos lost in all of their Super Bowls?
What did the Panthers wear to their home game?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
What was the first Super Bowl with Roman numerals?
Who is the league's vice president of brand and creative?
When was the standardized logo template introduced?
What trophy does the Super Bowl 50 logo feature in gold?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
For what Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What letter did the NF change the name of Super Bowl 50 to?
What color are the large numerals in the Super Bowl 50 logo?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
What did the NFL announce in 2014 that the game would be named using?
What letter was removed from the Super Bowl 50 logo?
What color are the large numerals in the Super Bowl 50 logo?
For what Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What is the language of the numerals used for the Super Bowl 50 name?
For what Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
When did all sideline jackets and hats begin to have gold trimming?
What yard line on the field in the 2015 NFL season was colored gold?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the 2015 NFL season's gold-themed promotions?
What was given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What part of the field was colored gold?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
Where is the Moscone Center?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Who is the city supervisor of San Francisco?
When did "Super Bowl City" open?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
What is the name of the event that opened on January 30 in Justin Herman Plaza?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
What is the name of the event that opened on January 30 in Justin Herman Plaza?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
What is the name of the event that opened on January 30 in Justin Herman Plaza?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who said that homeless people are going to have to leave San Francisco?
How much did Kim want the NFL to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
What was held at the Moscone Center?
Where is Bellomy Field?
How much is the total value of other ancillary events?
How long is the event at the Santa Clara Convention Center?
How much is the total value of other ancillary events?
Along with the beer, wine and food festival, what is one of the other ancillary events?
Who will provide additional funding for the event?
Where is the beer, wine and food festival held?
What will aid in finding business sponsors and individual donors?
Who will provide additional funding for the event?
How much is the total value of other ancillary events?
Who will provide additional funding for the event?
On what day was the game's media day moved to?
On what day was the game's media day typically held?
Where was the media day held?
In what city was the media day held?
What is the name of the bridge used for the opening ceremony of the game?
On what day was the game's media day typically held?
On what day was the game's media day moved to?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was the media day held?
In what city was the media day held?
When was the game's media day typically held?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was the media day held?
What is the name of the bridge used for the opening ceremony?
On what day was the game's media day moved to?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was the media day held?
What is the name of the bridge used for the opening ceremony?
When was the media day held?
What is the name of the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities?
How much money has the host committee raised?
What health care company is a sponsor of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo, Intel, Chevron, Dignity Health, and Chevron, what company is a sponsor of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo, Intel, Gap and Dignity Health, what major oil company is a sponsor of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Who has already raised over $40 million through sponsors?
How much money has the host committee raised?
How has the host committee raised over $40 million?
What is the name of the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities?
What is the name of the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities?
How much money has the host committee raised?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee's philanthropic initiative?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee's philanthropic initiative?
What has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee vowed to be?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee's philanthropic initiative?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee's philanthropic initiative?
What is the name of the trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive?
How many karat of gold will the winner of Super Bowl 50 receive?
How many pounds will the "50" weigh?
Who designed the "50"?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy do all Super Bowl champions receive?
What is the "50" made out of?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy do all Super Bowl champions receive?
Who designed the "50"?
What network broadcast the game in the US?
Along with Jim Nantz, who was the lead broadcast team for the game?
Along with Evan Washburn, who was on the sidelines of the game?
How many cameras were in the upper deck of the stadium?
What resolution were the EyeVision 360 cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
How many main broadcast television partners does the NFL have?
Where did Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn call the game?
What kind of view did the EyeVision 360 provide?
What resolution were the EyeVision 360 cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
Where did Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn call the game?
What network broadcast the game in the US?
How many main broadcast television partners does the NFL have?
What network broadcast the game in the US?
Who were the lead broadcast team for the game?
Who were the sidelines announcers for the game?
What resolution were the EyeVision 360 cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
Along with microphones, what new feature did CBS introduce during the game?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for the game?
Along with Raul Allegre, who called the game for ESPN Deportes?
When did ESPN Deportes announce that they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
What language was the third dedicated Spanish broadcast of the Super Bowl?
Which network did not have a Spanish-language outlet of its own?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for the game?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who called the game for ESPN Deportes?
Who was the sideline reporter for the game?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
What website did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Along with Chromecast and Roku, on what device was CBS Sports available to watch the game?
On what OS was the CBS Sports app available on Windows?
What website did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Along with Chromecast and Roku, on what device was CBS Sports available to watch the game?
Who was the only one allowed to watch the game on smartphones?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What company had exclusivity to the NFL Mobile service?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What did CBS provide?
What company had exclusivity to the NFL Mobile service?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
What was the first late night show to air after the game?
What was the name of the late night show that CBS aired after the break for local programming?
What was the first late night show to air after the game?
What was the name of the late night show that CBS aired after the break for local programming?
What was the first late night show to air after the game?
What did CBS take a break for after The Late Late Show with James Corden?
What was the name of the Late Late Show with James Corden?
What was the base rate for a 30-second advertisement?
What beer manufacturer was the final sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What company held a "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What year was the anniversary of the Pokémon video game and media franchise?
What was the base rate for a 30-second advertisement?
What beer manufacturer was the final sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What company held a "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
Along with The Pokémon Company, what company made their Super Bowl debut?
Nintendo and what other company made their Super Bowl debut?
What beer manufacturer was the final sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What company held a "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What beer manufacturer was the final sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What company held a "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What contest allowed viewers to create their own Doritos ads?
What contest did QuickBooks sponsor?
Who won the "Small Business Big Game"?
How long was Death Wish Coffee's commercial?
How many other companies were in the "Small Business Big Game"?
Who won the "Small Business Big Game"?
How many other companies were in the "Small Business Big Game"?
What company sponsored the "Small Business Big Game"?
Who won the "Small Business Big Game"?
How many other companies were in the "Small Business Big Game"?
What company sponsored the "Small Business Big Game"?
Who won the "Small Business Big Game"?
What was the debut trailer for?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for?
What movie did Paramount pay for?
Along with 'Eddie the Eagle' and 'Independence Day', what movie did Fox pay for a Super Bowl trailer?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for?
What movie did Paramount pay for?
What was the debut trailer for?
What movie did Disney pay for a Super Bowl trailer for?
What movie did Resurgence pay for?
Which studio paid for The Secret Life of Pets?
Which studio paid for the Deadpool trailer?
What network will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Along with Mark Malone, who is the sideline reporter for the game?
How many stations will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
What network will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who are the color analysts for the game?
Who are the sideline reporters for the game?
What will Jim Gray anchor?
Westwood One will carry the game throughout what continent?
What radio station in Denver will carry the game?
Who is the play-by-play voice of KOA and KRFX?
On what station in North Carolina will WBT broadcast the game?
Where is WBT-FM based?
Who is the play-by-play voice of WBT in North Carolina?
Who is the play-by-play voice of KOA and KRFX?
Who is the color commentator for the game in Denver?
What station in North Carolina will carry the game?
Who is the play-by-play voice of WBT in North Carolina?
What stations in Denver will carry the game?
What is the sister station to WBT?
Along with 5 Live Sports Extra, what radio station will broadcast the contest?
Along with BBC Radio 5 Live, what radio station will broadcast the contest?
Along with Rocky Boiman and Greg Brady, who will commentate on the BBC's broadcast?
Who will broadcast the contest in the United Kingdom?
Along with Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman, who will commentate on the BBC's British English broadcast?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl V?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
When did Harvey Martin die?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced during the pregame ceremony?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced before the game?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced during the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What award did Marlee Matlin win?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What does ASL stand for?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided the translation of the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided the translation of the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
Who provided the translation of the national anthem?
On what date did the league confirm that the show would be headlined by Coldplay?
What nationality was Coldplay?
What was the name of the first Super Bowl Beyoncé headlined?
What single did Beyoncé and Coldplay collaborate on?
Where did Bruno Mars headline the halftime show?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl's halftime show?
What company confirmed that Beyoncé would be performing at the Super Bowl in 2016?
What single did Beyoncé and Coldplay collaborate on?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl's halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What single did Beyoncé and Coldplay collaborate on?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning throw a 22-yard pass to?
Who did Shaq Thompson tackle for a 3-yard loss?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 3-0 lead?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
How many yards did Peyton Manning complete to tight end Owen Daniels?
Who tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 3-0 lead?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing what?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning complete an 18-yard pass to?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 3-0 lead?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing what?
Who was the CBS analyst and retired referee?
Who was the Panthers quarterback?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble in the end zone for the Broncos?
What was the last fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who did Cam Newton appear to complete a 24-yard pass to?
Who was the CBS analyst and retired referee?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble in the end zone for the Broncos?
When was the last fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who was the CBS analyst and retired referee?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble in the end zone for the Broncos?
What was the last fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
Who was the punt returner for the Broncos?
How many yards did Brad Nortman punt with in the second quarter?
How many yards did Norwood take on a punt?
How many yards did McManus kick to give the Broncos a 13-7 lead?
How many yards did Newton complete on his first four passes?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
When did the Panthers cut the Broncos' lead to 10-7?
Who took off for a Super Bowl record 61-yard return before Mario Addison dragged him down?
How many yards did McManus kick to give the Broncos a 13-7 lead?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
What did McManus kick to give the Broncos a 13-7 lead?
Who tackled Tolbert?
What was Danny Trevathan's position?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
Who was sacked by DeMarcus Ware with 11 seconds left in the half?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who lost a fumble on Carolina's next possession?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
How many yards did Kony Ealy return the interception?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who lost a fumble on Carolina's next possession?
Who recovered Tolbert's fumble on the Broncos 40-yard line?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
What did the Panthers do when they could not gain any yards with their possession?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who did Newton pass to on the first offensive play of the second half?
Who missed a 44-yard field goal on the first drive of the second half?
What was the number of the field goal attempt that Graham Gano missed?
Who kicked a 33-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 16-7 lead?
Who intercepted a Newton pass that bounced off the hands of Ginn?
Who did Newton pass to on the first offensive play of the second half?
What did Graham Gano hit on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who intercepted a Newton pass that bounced off the hands of Ginn?
Who recovered a fumble by T. J. Ward?
Who did Newton pass to on the first offensive play of the second half?
On what line did the Broncos stop the Panthers' opening drive?
Who missed a 44-yard field goal on the first drive of the second half?
Who did Manning pass to for 25 and 22 yards?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
What was Gano's field goal number?
Who had a 16-yard reception in the third quarter?
Who had a 12-yard run to set up Gano's 39-yard field goal?
Where did the Broncos drive to in the fourth quarter?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
On what line did Ealy recover Manning's fumble?
What would the next three drives of the game end in?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
On what line did Ealy recover Manning's fumble?
What was the length of Gano's field goal?
How many drives of the game would end in punts?
What yard line did the Broncos take with 3:08 left in regulation?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who committed a holding penalty that gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
Who did Manning pass to for a 2-point conversion?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
What caused the ball to bounce back to Ward?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who committed a holding penalty that gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
When did the Broncos take a 24-10 lead?
How long did it take the Panthers to get the ball on their own 24-yard line?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
What caused the ball to bounce back to Ward?
How many plays did Denver's offense get out of the end zone?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
How many solo tackles did Ware have?
How many touchdowns did Manning get against the Panthers?
How many receptions did Brown have?
Who had seven total tackles?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many touchdowns did Manning get against the Panthers?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
Who was the top receiver for the Broncos?
Who had seven total tackles?
Who was the top receiver for the Broncos?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
How many field goals did McManus make during the post-season?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many receptions did Brown have?
How many yards did the Broncos gain in total yards?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose?
Who had the previous record of 244 yards in Super Bowl XXXV?
Who's 61-yard punt return set a new record?
Who was the oldest quarterback to win a Super Bowl?
How many yards did the Broncos gain in total yards?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose?
Who set the Super Bowl record of seven sacks?
What team had the most sacks in the Super Bowl?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose?
Who had the most sacks in the Super Bowl?
Who set the Super Bowl record of seven sacks?
How many times did Peyton Manning win a Super Bowl with two different teams?
What award did Maria Skłodowska-Curie win?
When was Casimir Pulaski born?
Who was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize?
Władysław Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin are what?
When did Chopin move to Warsaw?
How many different species of trees are in the Saxon Garden?
What is a popular strolling destination for the Varsovians?
What is the name of the royal garden in Warsaw?
Where is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier located?
What park covers the area of 76 ha?
How far is the Vistula river from Warsaw?
What animals live in the Vistula river?
How many natural reserves are in Warsaw?
How many lakes are in Warsaw?
Why are most lakes emptied before winter?
What was Warsaw the most diverse of in Poland?
How many of Warsaw's inhabitants were of Polish mother tongue in 1933?
What percentage of Warsaw's population was Jewish in 1897?
What was Warsaw's prewar Jewish population?
What is most of the modern day population growth based on?
What is the second academic school of technology in the country?
How many professors are employed by the Warsaw University of Technology?
What is the largest medical school in Poland?
When was the University of Warsaw established?
What is the oldest and largest music school in Poland?
When was the University Library founded?
How many items are in the University Library?
What is the profession of Marek Budzyński?
Who designed the University Library garden?
How large is the University Library's roof garden?
What did Warsaw suffer from during its time as an Eastern Bloc economy?
What was the initial plan to rebuild Poland?
What has caused Warsaw to see many improvements over the past decade?
Has the city's metro, roads, sidewalks, health care facilities, and sanitation facilities improved or worsened over the past decade?
What city has some of the best medical facilities in Poland?
What is the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland?
What is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe?
How many beds are in the clinical section of the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology?
Has the infrastructure of Warsaw's medical facilities changed over the years?
What type of venue is the Teatr Wielki?
What does Warsaw host?
Where is the Congress Hall?
What city hosts many events and festivals?
What type of events does Warsaw host?
Where is the Summer Theatre located?
What is Ogród Saski?
During what years was the Summer Theatre in operation?
What was Warsaw's first literary cabaret?
What was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre"?
What is the name of the festival held on Midsummer's Night?
How many people gather on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer's Night?
What is the name of the festival called Wianki?
What did maidens float their wreaths of herbs on the water to predict?
What flower do people look for on Midsummer's Eve?
What does the Museum of Posters have the largest collection of in the world?
How many museums are in Warsaw?
What type of museum is the National Museum?
What is included in Adolf Hitler's private collection?
The Museum of the Polish Army portrays the history of what?
Where can a fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland be found?
What museum preserves the memory of the Warsaw Uprising?
What type of theater is the Warsaw Fotoplastikon?
What preserves patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence?
How many rooms does the Warsaw Historical Museum have?
Where is the Centre for Contemporary Art located?
How many projects does the Centre for Contemporary Art realize each year?
What is the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw?
Who does the Zachęta National Gallery of Art feature?
When is Warsaw Gallery Weekend held?
What team won the Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000?
When did Polonia Warsaw win the country's championship?
How many times did Polonia Warsaw win the cup?
Where is Polonia Warsaw's home venue?
Why was Polonia Warsaw relegated from the country's top flight in 2013?
What is another name for the mermaid?
What is Warsaw's symbol?
How long has the symbol of the mermaid been in use?
What year is the oldest seal of Warsaw?
What did the seal of Warsaw have in its claws?
What is the origin of the mermaid?
Where did Triton's daughters set out on a journey?
Where did the second mermaid decide to stay?
What village did the second mermaid stop at?
What happened to the mermaid?
Where was Tamara de Lempicka born?
When did Tamara de Lempicka marry Tadeusz Łempicki?
What style did Tamara de Lempicka represent?
What was Nathan Alterman's career?
Who was Warsaw the beloved city of?
Who ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world in 2012?
When was Warsaw ranked as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?
What is Warsaw's economy characterized by?
What is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe?
What is the European Union agency for external border security?
When was the first historical reference to Warsaw?
What was the capital city of the polish-lithuanian Commonwealth in 1313?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
Who moved his court to Warsaw in 1596?
Why did Warsaw gain the title of the "Phoenix City"?
What religion is Warsaw's archdiocese?
What is the most famous university in Warsaw?
What was the Old Town of Warsaw listed as in 1980?
What type of attraction is the Castle Square?
Around a quarter of Warsaw is filled with what?
What is Warsaw's name in the Polish language?
What does Warszawa mean?
What was Warsz's occupation?
What did Warsz own?
What is the official city name in full?
What settlement was raided by nearby clans and dukes?
Who was Bolesław II of Masovia?
When was the settlement of Warsaw established?
When did Warsaw become the capital of Masovian Duchy?
When was the duchy reincorporated into the Polish Crown?
What was Warsaw the seat of in 1529?
When was the General Sejm made permanent?
What did the Warsaw Confederation establish?
Why did Warsaw become the capital of the Commonwealth?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court to Warsaw?
How long was Warsaw the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
What country annexed Warsaw in 1796?
Who liberated Warsaw in 1806?
When was the Congress of Vienna held?
When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?
When was Warsaw occupied by Germany?
The Allied Armistice terms required that Germany withdraw from what?
Who returned to Warsaw on November 11, 1918?
In what year was the Battle of Warsaw fought?
Who was defeated in the Battle of Warsaw?
When did the German Invasion of Poland begin?
What was the General Government?
How much of the city was Jewish?
When did the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begin?
How long did the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising last?
Who was deep into Polish territory in July 1944?
Why did the Polish government-in-exile in London give orders to the underground Home Army to try to seize control of Warsaw?
When did the Warsaw Uprising begin?
How long did the Warsaw Uprising last?
How many Polish civilians died in the Warsaw Uprising?
What was the name of the campaign to build housing in Warsaw after WWII?
What type of housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage?
What type of city was Warsaw?
What was a gift from the Soviet Union?
What was Warsaw's historic Old Town inscribed onto in 1980?
Who visited Poland in 1979 and 1983?
What did John Paul II's visits to Poland encourage?
How long after becoming pope did John Paul II visit Poland?
Where did John Paul II celebrate Mass in 1979?
What did the Polish people see John Paul II's words as?
How many kilometers away from the Carpathian Mountains is Warsaw?
How many miles away from Berlin is Warsaw?
What river does Warsaw straddle?
How tall is the highest point of Warsaw?
Where is the lowest point of Warsaw?
How many main geomorphologic formations is Warsaw located on?
What geomorphologic formation is Warsaw located on?
What plateau is Warsaw located on?
What is the specific axis of Warsaw?
What is the edge of the moraine plateau called?
What plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds and also groups of clay pits?
What does the highest level of the Vistula terraces contain?
What is visible on the contemporary flooded terrace?
What type of terraces are on the right side of Warsaw?
What type of forest is on the right side of Warsaw?
What does Warsaw's mixture of architectural styles reflect?
When was Warsaw razed to the ground?
When did rebuilding begin in Warsaw?
What is an example of a notable 19th century building that was destroyed in the 1950s and 1960s?
What was the basic design of the residential blocks in Warsaw?
What style of architecture is represented in the majestic churches?
When was St. John's Cathedral built?
What style of architecture is St. John's Cathedral a typical example of?
The house of Baryczko merchant family is an example of what type of architecture?
The Royal Castle and the Jesuit Church are examples of what type of architecture?
During what century did building activity occur in numerous noble palaces and churches?
When was St. Kazimierz Church built?
What style of architecture is Czapski Palace?
What style of architecture is the Palace on the Water?
When was the Palace on the Water rebuilt?
What type of architecture was not restored by the communist authorities after the war?
Was the Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company Rosja restored after the war?
What style was the Warsaw Philharmony rebuilt in?
What is the most interesting of the late 19th century architecture?
What is the significance of the Saxon Palace and the Brühl Palace?
How many places commemorate the heroic history of Warsaw?
What is the name of the German Gestapo prison?
What was a place of martyr for the Poles?
Who did the Little Insurgent commemorate?
What is the name of the monument that commemorates the largest insurrection of World War II?
What type of park is the University Library?
Where is the palm house?
What is the name of the big park in the northern Mokotów?
What is the name of the park close to the Sejm and John Lennon street?
When was Ogród Zoologiczny established?
What is the main reason for the richness of the flora of Warsaw?
Where is Bielany Forest located?
Bielany Forest is the remaining part of what?
What is the name of the forest by the southern city border?
How many botanic gardens does Warsaw have?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1939?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
When was the Warsaw area enlargement?
How did Poles think of Varsovians?
What was the first measure the city authorities were forced to introduce?
What type of city is Warsaw?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1901?
What percentage of Warsaw's population were Catholics in 1901?
What percentage of Warsaw's population was Protestant in 1901?
When was the Warsaw Uprising?
What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?
What are the units of the second level of the territorial division?
What city does not have entitlements of powiat?
What is the name of the legislative body in Warsaw?
How many members are in the Warsaw City Council?
How often are Warsaw City Council members elected?
What does the Warsaw City Council divide itself into?
How long does the Warsaw City Council have to override a mayor's veto?
What is the mayor of Warsaw called?
Who was the first president of Warsaw?
When was Jan Andrzej Menich president?
Who elects the President of Warsaw?
In the years of 1994-1999 the mayor of what district automatically was designated as the President of Warsaw?
What is the name of the city centre of Warsaw?
How many companies were registered in Warsaw in 2006?
What was Warsaw ranked as the 7th greatest?
What percentage of Poland's national income does Warsaw produce?
What was the total nominal GDP of Warsaw in 2010?
When was Warsaw's first stock exchange established?
When did Warsaw's first stock exchange stop trading?
When was the Warsaw Stock Exchange re-established?
How many companies are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
What was the name of the party that used to be the headquarters of the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
When was the FSO Car Factory established?
What was the name of the car that was assembled at the FSO Car Factory?
What South Korean car manufacturer bought the FSO Car Factory in 1995?
Who bought the FSO Car Factory in 2005?
What car did AvtoZAZ make in the factory?
What is another name for Warsaw?
What is the capital and largest city of Poland?
On what river does Warsaw stand?
What is the metropolitan area of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank as the most-populous capital city in the European Union?
What is the capital and largest city of Poland?
On what river does Warsaw stand?
How far is Warsaw from the Baltic Sea?
How many people live in the greater metropolitan area of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank as the most-populous capital city in the European Union?
Where is Normandy located?
When did the Normans give their name to Normandy?
Where did the Normans come from?
Who was the leader of the Normans?
When did the distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerge?
Who led the expedition that led to the Norman conquest of England?
Under whom was the Duchy of Normandy forged into a cohesive and formidable principality?
What orthodoxy did the Normans adopt?
What does the English word Normans mean in English?
When was Nordmannus recorded in Medieval Latin?
When did the Duchy of Normandy begin?
Who was the king of West Francia?
The Duchy of Normandy would eventually extend west to what river?
Who raided and settled Normandy and parts of the Atlantic coast?
What religion did the descendants of Rollo's Vikings replace the Norse religion with?
In what part of France was the Norman culture created?
What did Normandy export by 1066?
In what year did a Saracen attack occur in Salerno?
Who did Melus of Bari convince the Normans to return with more warriors?
Where was the shrine of the Archangel Michael?
Who was the leader of the Hauteville?
Who was the leader of the Hauteville family?
Who did the Normans eventually capture Sicily and Malta from?
When was Roger II of Sicily crowned king?
Where was William Iron Arm's citadel?
What was the name of the "Tabula Rogeriana"?
What is Kitab Rudjdjar?
What type of bureaucracy did Jews, Muslims and Christians have in the Kingdom of Sicily?
Who did the Normans fight against in Armenia?
When did Hervé serve as a Byzantine general?
When did Robert Crispin lead the Normans of Edessa against the Turks?
Who stopped Roussel de Bailleul?
What was the name of the Normans castle?
Where was Raimbaud from?
Who did some Normans join to destroy the Armenians vassal-states?
What was the origin of several families of Byzantine Greece during the Comnenian Restoration?
Who drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy?
In what year was Dyrrachium betrayed to the Normans?
How many men did Robert Guiscard lead in 1081?
Where did Bohemond sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines?
Who was Robert's son?
Where did Bohemond sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines?
When did a large Norman army invade Dyrrachium?
What was one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic?
Dyrrachium was one of the most important naval bases of what?
Who was forced to flee to Normandy in 1013?
Who was the sister of Emma?
Where did Ethelred flee to in 1013?
Who forced Ethelred II of England to flee to Normandy?
Who invited Edward the Confessor to return to England?
When did Edward the Confessor return from his father's refuge?
Who did Edward appoint archbishop of Canterbury?
At what battle did Duke William II of Normandy kill King Harold II?
Who was the Duke of Normandy in 1066?
When did Duke William II of Normandy conquer England?
Who did the invading Normans replace as the ruling class of England?
What did the Anglo-Norman language evolve into?
When did the Normans invade Bannow Bay?
In what country did the Normans settle?
What culture did the Normans have a profound effect on?
Who was one of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror?
Who married Edgar's sister Margaret?
When did William invade Scotland?
What was the name of Malcolm's son?
Who did King David I of Scotland's elder brother marry?
What culture did King David I introduce to Scotland?
What did Edward the Confessor make Ralph earl of?
Who was Ralph charged with defending the Marches and warring with?
Who set up Ralph as earl of Hereford?
What country did Norman words first enter Welsh?
When did Roger de Tosny travel to the Iberian Peninsula?
Who led the papal army during the War of Barbastro?
When was the Siege of Antioch?
Who was instrumental in the conquest of Jerusalem?
What city did Tancred conquer?
How long was Cyprus under Western European domination?
What caused Richard the Lion-hearted's fleet to be dispersed?
What was Richard's sister's name?
In what year did Richard the Lion-hearted leave Messina with a large fleet to reach Acre?
Who was the island's despot?
Who was Guy de Lusignan's rival?
What was Isaac confined with?
Who led Richard's troops to conquer the whole island?
Who married Berengaria of Navarre?
When was the wedding of Richard and Berengaria held?
What was one of the grand ceremonies of the wedding?
When did the Venetians acquire full control of the island?
Who bought Cyprus after the Anglo-Norman conquest?
Where was El Hierro located?
Who took the title of King of the Canary Islands?
Who did Maciot de Bethencourt sell the rights to the Canary Islands to?
Who sold the rights to the Canary Islands in 1418?
Where are Jersey and Guernsey located?
How many judges transcribed Norman customary law in Latin?
What style of architecture did Norman architecture spread to England and Italy?
What type of arches did Norman architecture have?
What preceded the period of Norman architecture in England?
The period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of what?
In what Kingdom did the Normans create a unique style of architecture?
When did the dukes begin a programme of church reform?
Who began a program of church reform in the early 11th century?
When did the French Wars of Religion begin?
What is the Bayeux Tapestry?
What is the most famous work of Norman art?
Who commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry?
What type of art was common in Norman Italy?
In what century was the staff first developed and taught at Fécamp?
Who developed the system of denoting notes by letters?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul flee to?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul settle?
Who patronized the monks of Saint-Evroul?
What did the monks of Saint Evroul continue?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
What is AC?
When did Tesla emigrate to the US?
Who did Tesla work for in 1884?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
What was the name of the corporate alternating current/direct current war that Tesla was involved in?
When did Tesla emigrate to the US?
Who did Tesla work for in 1884?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Along with his AC induction motor, what other invention was licensed by George Westinghouse?
When did Tesla make early pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What type of power experiments did Tesla conduct in New York and Colorado Springs?
What did Tesla experiment with in his lab?
In what city did Tesla conduct high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments?
When did Tesla make early pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What was one of the first ever exhibited?
What was the name of Tesla's unfinished intercontinental wireless transmission project?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla in his honor?
Where did Tesla live most of his life?
What was Tesla's reputation in popular culture?
What earned Tesla a considerable amount of money?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla in his honor?
When has there been a resurgence in popular interest in Tesla?
What trait of Tesla earned him a reputation as an archetypal "mad scientist"?
In what modern country is Smiljan located?
What was Tesla's father's occupation?
What type of memory did Nikola attribute to his mother?
What did Nikola credit his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
What was Tesla's father's occupation?
Who was Tesla's father?
Who was Tesla's mother?
What was Tesla's mother's talent?
What did Nikola credit his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
How many children did Tesla have?
Along with arithmetic and religion, in what language did Tesla attend primary school?
When did the Tesla family move to Gospić?
What was Tesla's older brother's name?
What were Tesla's three sisters?
What happened to Tesla's older brother when he was five?
Where did Tesla's family move in 1862?
What was Tesla's father's job?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
What language were Tesla's classes held in?
What did Tesla perform in his head that caused his teachers to believe he was cheating?
What did Tesla's teachers think he was doing?
When did Tesla graduate from school?
When did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Why did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
What language were Tesla's classes held in?
When did Tesla graduate from school?
What illness did Tesla contract shortly after he arrived in Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
What did Tesla's father promise to send him to if he recovered from cholera?
What did Tesla's father want him to do after he recovered from cholera?
Where was Tesla's birthtown?
When did Tesla return to his birthtown?
What illness did Tesla contract shortly after he arrived in Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
What did Tesla's father want him to do after he recovered from cholera?
What did Tesla's father promise to do if he recovered from cholera?
Where did Tesla run away to?
Who did Tesla say helped him to recover from his illness?
Where did Tesla explore in hunter's garb?
When did Tesla run away to Tomingaj?
What did Tesla wear to explore the mountains?
What did Tesla run away from in 1874?
When did Tesla run away to Tomingaj?
What did Tesla do in Tomingaj?
Who did Tesla say helped him to recover from his illness?
When did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
Where did Tesla enroll in 1875?
When did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla become addicted to at the end of his second year?
How many Sundays did Tesla work?
Where was Austrian Polytechnic located?
When did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
When did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla do in his third year at Austrian Polytechnic?
What did the professors of Austrian Polytechnic threaten to do to Tesla if he remained in the school?
What did Tesla do in 1878?
Why did Tesla leave Graz?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What did Milutin Tesla ask his son to do in Maribor?
What did Nikola suffer in 1879?
In what year did Tesla leave Graz?
What did Tesla leave Graz to hide?
What did Tesla's friends think happened to him?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What did Nikola suffer in 1879?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospić?
When was Tesla returned to Gospić?
How old was Milutin Tesla?
What did some sources say Milutin Tesla died of?
What did Tesla do in his old school?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospić?
In what year did Milutin Tesla die?
Where did Tesla teach a large class of students in 1879?
What did some sources say Milutin Tesla died of?
Where did Tesla go to study?
Why did Tesla fail to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University?
What was Tesla's job at Charles-Ferdinand University?
Where did Tesla arrive too late to enroll?
Where did Tesla go to study?
In what year did Tesla leave Gospić for Prague?
Where did Tesla arrive too late to enroll?
Who helped Tesla leave Gospić?
Where did Tesla move in 1881?
What was the name of the telegraph company that Tesla moved to Budapest to work for?
What position did Tesla receive when the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional?
What did Tesla claim to have perfected during his time in Budapest?
What position did Tesla take in the Central Telegraph Office?
When did Tesla move to Budapest?
What was the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What was the name of the telegraph company that Tesla moved to Budapest to work for?
What position did Tesla receive when the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional?
When did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company in France?
In what country did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company?
Where did Tesla move in 1884?
Who hired Tesla in 1884?
What company did Thomas Edison work for?
What company did Tesla work for in France?
In what country did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company?
When did Tesla move to New York City?
Who hired Tesla in 1884?
Where was Thomas Edison's Edison Machine Works located?
How much did Edison say he would pay Tesla to redesign Edison's generators?
How much did Edison offer to Tesla?
How long did it take Tesla to redesign Edison's generators?
How much did Edison say he would pay Tesla to redesign Edison's generators?
What did Edison say to Tesla that he didn't understand?
How much did Edison offer to Tesla?
Who did Tesla partner with in 1886?
What was the name of the electric lighting company founded by Lane and Vail?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What was the first to be issued to Tesla in the US?
What was one of the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
Who did Tesla partner with in 1886?
In what year did Tesla partner with two businessmen?
What was the name of the electric lighting company founded by Lane and Vail?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What was the name of the company that was founded by Lane and Vail?
What did the investors do to Tesla?
How did the investors force Tesla out of Tesla's company?
What did Tesla work for $2 per day?
During what years did Tesla consider the winter to be "terrible headaches and bitter tears"?
Why did Tesla lose control of his patents?
What did Tesla work for $2 per day?
Where did Tesla work during the winter of 1886/1887?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
When was the Tesla Electric Company formed?
How much of the profits from the Tesla Electric Company would go to what?
Where was 89 Liberty Street located?
In what year did Tesla meet Alfred S. Brown?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
Who was the attorney that Tesla met in 1886?
Where was the Tesla Electric Company's laboratory located?
What company did Alfred S. Brown and Charles F. Peck form with Tesla?
What did Tesla develop in 1887?
When was the induction motor patented?
What did the induction motor not need?
What did the induction motor avoid?
How did Tesla's induction motor work?
When was an induction motor developed at Tesla's laboratory?
Why was alternating current used?
What did the induction motor need to be replaced?
In what year was Tesla's induction motor patented?
What was Thomas Commerford Martin's job?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his alternating current system in 1888?
In what year did Thomas Commerford Martin arrange for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system?
Why did Westinghouse decide to patent their induction motor?
Who was the editor of Electrical World?
Who was the editor of Electrical World?
Who was trying to get a patent for Tesla's AC motor?
Who presented an induction motor in 1888?
What was Galileo Ferraris' profession?
What company reported to George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor?
When did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse for Tesla's polyphase induction motor?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's polyphase induction motor and transformer designs?
Who did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with in 1888?
What was Tesla's job at Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's polyphase induction motor and transformer designs?
When did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse for Tesla's polyphase induction motor?
How much did Westinghouse pay Tesla to be a consultant?
In what city was Westinghouse's labs located?
Where did Tesla work during the year of his disagreement with Westinghouse?
What was the purpose of Tesla's work in Pittsburgh?
What type of AC current system did Westinghouse and Tesla settle on?
What did Westinghouse use instead of the induction motor?
Why did Tesla work in Pittsburgh?
What did Westinghouse use instead of Tesla's induction motor?
Who were the two main players in the "War of Currents"?
What did the "War of Currents" start out as?
What did Edison Machine Works pursue in 1890?
What company was Thomas Edison's company consolidated into in 1892?
What type of system did Westinghouse use to power arc lights?
Who held all the patents for DC and the incandescent light?
When did Tesla demonstrate his induction motor?
What caused the development of Tesla's motor to be put on hold for a while?
What company was Thomas Edison's company consolidated into in 1892?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What company lost the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What was the name of the system that Westinghouse displayed at the Columbian Exposition?
What was the name of the system that Westinghouse displayed at the Columbian Exposition?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
In what year did George Westinghouse win the bid to light the World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
What was the 1893 World's Fair a key event in the history of?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company?
Where did Richard Dean Adams lead the Cataract Construction Company?
Who was awarded the contract to build a two-phase AC generating system at the Niagara Falls?
Who was awarded a contract to build the AC distribution system at the Niagara Falls?
What type of system did Tesla say would be the most reliable?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company?
In what year did Richard Dean Adams seek Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power to the falls?
What type of system did Tesla say would be the most reliable?
What did Tesla say about the two-phase system?
When was a patent-sharing agreement signed between Westinghouse and General Electric?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's AC patents?
What was the original AC horsepower royalty?
How much money had Westinghouse paid in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
What financier backed General Electric?
How much money had Westinghouse paid in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's AC patents?
At what age did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
In what city was Tesla's laboratory located?
What did Tesla use to demonstrate the potential of wireless power transmission?
What did Tesla patent in 1891?
In what year did Tesla become a naturalized citizen?
What did Tesla patent in 1891?
At what age did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What type of power did Tesla demonstrate the potential of?
What was the forerunner of the IEEE?
What was the forerunner of the IEEE?
When did Tesla serve as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
What position did Tesla hold in the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
When did Tesla serve as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Along with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, what was the forerunner of the IEEE?
Why did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy of invisible kinds?
What caused most of Tesla's early research to be lost?
When did Wilhelm Röntgen announce the discovery of x-rays?
What was the only thing that was captured in the image that Tesla tried to photograph Mark Twain?
When did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy of invisible kinds?
What is another name for Roentgen rays?
What happened to most of Tesla's early research?
What did Tesla accidentally capture when he tried to photograph Mark Twain?
Who did Tesla try to photograph with a Geissler tube?
What did Tesla do his own experiments in?
When did Tesla begin to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging?
What is another name for X-ray imaging?
What did Tesla devise several experimental setups to produce?
What was the output of Tesla's single terminal vacuum tube?
When did Tesla begin to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging?
What was the output of Tesla's single terminal vacuum tube?
What type of rays did Tesla claim his circuits would allow him to generate?
What did Tesla believe about X-rays?
What did Tesla believe about the cause of the skin damage?
What did Tesla believe was caused by ozone in contact with the skin?
What did Tesla note the hazards of working with?
Where can plasma waves occur?
What did Tesla believe caused the damage to his skin?
What did Tesla believe X-rays were?
Where can plasma waves occur?
Where did Tesla attribute the skin damage to various causes?
Who was the engineer who developed an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor?
In what year did Westinghouse Electric start branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What company started branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What was the name of the device Tesla created to make a copper egg stand on end?
Who created the Egg of Columbus?
In what year did the New York Herald Tribune publish an article on Tesla?
What would a minute particle do to Tesla when it broke off the cathode?
What did Tesla say happened to him when a particle hit him?
What did Tesla compare his "electric gun" to?
Along with the Franklin Institute, what organization did Tesla give lectures and demonstrations in 1893?
What device was used in the further development of radio?
Where did Tesla give lectures and demonstrations in 1893?
When did Tesla demonstrate his radio-controlled boat to the public?
What did Tesla call his radio-controlled boat?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his radio-controlled boat in 1898?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his radio-controlled boat to the public?
Who was the pilot of Tesla's boat?
In what year was Tesla granted patents for a "system of transmitting electrical energy"?
Who was the first to achieve radio transmission?
When did Guglielmo Marconi make his first transatlantic radio transmission?
In what year did the Supreme Court of the United States restore the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
Who restored the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
In what year did Tesla move to Colorado Springs?
Where did Tesla say he was sending signals from Pikes Peak to?
When did Tesla perform his first experiments at his Colorado Springs lab?
How long was Tesla's first spark?
What type of electricity did Tesla investigate?
What type of waves did Tesla say he saw?
What did Tesla believe?
What type of electricity was created by the scientist?
How long were the discharges of artificial lightning?
How far away was the thunder from the lab?
What happened to light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab?
What insects were electrified?
What did Tesla's faulting of a power station cause?
What happened to the dynamos in a power house six miles away?
Why were the dynamos in the power house six miles away repeatedly burned out?
What did the sparks from the windings of the dynamos cause to do to the insulation?
What did Tesla think he was hearing?
What planet did reporters think Tesla was hearing signals from?
What magazine did Tesla write an article about "Talking With Planets"?
What did Tesla do in July 1899?
When did Marconi's European experiments begin?
How much money did John Jacob Astor IV invest in Tesla?
Why did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000?
What did Tesla use the money for?
When did John Jacob Astor IV invest in Tesla?
In what year did Tesla leave Colorado Springs?
What happened to Tesla's lab in 1904?
When was Tesla's lab torn down?
What happened to Tesla's lab two years after it was torn down?
What was the name of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility that Tesla established?
What was Wardenclyffe?
Where was Wardenclyffe located?
Who did Tesla ask for more money to build a more powerful transmitter?
What event caused Tesla to ask Morgan for more money?
How did Morgan feel about Tesla's request for more money?
How many letters did Tesla write to Morgan?
What did Tesla ask for in his letters to Morgan?
What caused Tesla's relationship with Morgan to end?
How tall was Wardenclyffe?
How many horsepower did Tesla demonstrate on his 50th birthday?
How fast was Tesla's 200 horsepower bladeless turbine?
When was Tesla's 50th birthday?
At what horsepower were Tesla's bladeless turbine engines tested?
What type of power did Tesla use to create his oscillator?
Where did Tesla create a resonance of several buildings?
What happened to Tesla's oscillator as the speed grew?
Where was the article "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer" published?
What did Tesla claim his oscillator would do to the earth?
What did Tesla theorize enhanced intelligence?
How did Tesla want to make dull students bright?
Who was the superintendent of New York City schools in 1912?
What was William H. Maxwell's job?
Where did Tesla seek investors before World War I?
What happened to the funding Tesla was receiving from his patents in European countries after World War I?
What did Tesla do with Wardenclyffe?
How much did Tesla sell Wardenclyffe for?
What award did Tesla receive in 1917?
What magazine did Tesla write in in 1917?
What did Tesla use to view his electricity to locate submarines?
What did Girardeau help develop in the 1930s?
Who helped develop France's first radar system?
Who was awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
Who was awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
What rumors were there at the time?
After what could a recipient decline a Nobel Prize?
Why were Edison and Tesla given the award?
How many bids did Edison receive in 1915?
Who won the prize in 1915?
In what year did Tesla receive one of the 38 possible bids?
What was Tesla's last patent?
What is a biplane capable of taking off vertically called?
What did Tesla think the plane would sell for?
What type of engines did Tesla first propose to use in rotor aircraft?
How much did Westinghouse pay Tesla?
What did Westinghouse begin paying Tesla in 1934?
How long did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla's expenses?
What did Westinghouse worry about with regards to Tesla's living conditions?
What did Tesla announce in 1935?
How far did Tesla say he could transmit mechanical energy?
How much loss did Tesla say he would have in transmitting mechanical energy over any terrestrial distance?
Along with a new means of communication, what did Tesla announce in 1935?
In what year did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy?
What did Tesla do after he left the Hotel New Yorker to make his regular commute to the cathedral?
What did Tesla refuse to consult?
What happened to three of Tesla's ribs?
When was Tesla able to get up?
When did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker?
What did Tesla make claims about after studying the Van de Graaff generator?
What did Tesla study to make his claims about a "teleforce" weapon?
Along with anti-aircraft purposes, for what group did Tesla say the Van de Graaff generator could be used?
Along with ground-based infantry, for what purpose did Tesla say the Van de Graaff generator could be used?
What did the press call the Van de Graaff generator?
In what year did Tesla speak at a luncheon about his death ray?
When did Tesla speak about the death ray?
What type of pellets did Tesla use for his death ray?
What did Tesla use to accelerate his death ray?
How much time will pass before Tesla can give his death ray to the world?
What was the topic of The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media?
Where is The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media currently located?
Where is the Nikola Tesla Museum located?
How many volts did Tesla's treatise say he could charge particles to?
What did Tesla want to put an end to?
What did Tesla say there had been efforts made to do to him during the negotiations?
Where was the blueprint for the teleforce weapon?
What did Tesla say had been scrutinized?
How old was Tesla when he died?
When did Tesla die?
Who found Tesla's body?
What did Alice Monaghan ignore when she entered Tesla's room?
What was the cause of Tesla's death?
What did the FBI do with Tesla's belongings?
Who was called in to analyze Tesla's belongings?
What did John G. Trump conclude about Tesla's belongings?
Where was Tesla's entire estate transported?
Who read the eulogy for Tesla?
Who wrote the eulogy for Tesla?
On what date was Tesla's state funeral held?
How many people attended the state funeral for Tesla?
Where was Tesla's state funeral held?
Where were Tesla's ashes shipped in 1952?
Who pressured Tesla's nephew to send his entire estate to Belgrade?
Who transported Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade in 1957?
Where were Tesla's ashes shipped in 1952?
Where are Tesla's ashes displayed?
How many patents did Tesla get?
How many countries have Tesla's patents been accounted for?
Along with the United States, Britain, and Britain, in what country were many of Tesla's patents filed?
Where have some of Tesla's patents been found?
At what time of day did Tesla have dinner?
When did Tesla work every day?
When did Tesla stop working?
Who did Tesla call to order his dinner?
How often did Tesla walk?
Why did Tesla walk?
What did Tesla do one hundred times for each foot every night?
What did Tesla say squishing his toes stimulated?
What did Tesla say he did not believe in?
What was Arthur Brisbane's job?
How many fundamental laws did Tesla believe he could reduce all laws to?
What animal did Tesla feed every day?
How much did Tesla spend to fix his pigeon?
What was the cause of the pigeon's injuries?
Where did Tesla feed the pigeons?
Where did Tesla bring injured pigeons?
How much did Tesla weigh?
How tall was Tesla?
During what years did Tesla's weight variance almost never change?
Where did Tesla live?
How many languages did Tesla speak?
What was Tesla's affliction often accompanied by?
What is the technique that Tesla used to visualize an invention in his mind before moving to the construction stage?
What did Tesla suffer from?
What type of memory did Tesla supposedly possess?
How long did Tesla sometimes spend at a gaming table?
How long did Tesla work for at his laboratory?
Where was Tesla's second year of study?
Who was a journalist that Tesla befriended?
What was Swezey's profession?
What did Tesla say was very helpful to his scientific abilities?
What type of people were vying for Tesla's affection?
When did Tesla tell a reporter that he felt he made too much of a sacrifice by not marrying?
Who was Tesla's loyal secretary?
Who described Tesla as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force"?
What was Tesla prone to do with his work?
What type of person was Tesla?
What was Julian Hawthorne's profession?
Who did Tesla become a close friend of in middle age?
Where did Mark Twain and Tesla spend a lot of time together?
When did Tesla befriend George Sylvester Viereck?
What did Tesla express disgust for?
Who did Tesla fire because of her weight?
Why did Tesla fire a secretary?
What did Tesla tell a subordinate to do with her dress?
What did Tesla believe there was no such thing as creating an electric charge?
What did Tesla believe transmitted electrical energy?
What did Tesla believe an all pervasive ether did?
In what century did Tesla believe in the concept of an all pervasive "ether"?
Tesla was critical of what theory of relativity?
How did Tesla feel about theories about the conversion of matter into energy?
What theory did Tesla criticize?
What did Tesla claim to have completed in 1937?
When did Tesla start working on his own physical principle?
What type of space did Tesla claim to have completed his theory of gravity in 1937?
At what age did Tesla claim to have completed his theory of gravity?
Tesla was a proponent of what?
What did Tesla believe humans' "pity" had interfered with the natural workings of nature?
What did Tesla believe interfered with the natural workings of nature?
In what year did Tesla give an interview about eugenics?
Who did Tesla believe would become the dominant sex in the future?
In what year did Tesla say that women would become the dominant sex?
What did Tesla say humanity's future would be run by?
When did Tesla make predictions about the relevant issues of the environment?
What did Tesla say were the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War?
When did Tesla publish his article?
What did Tesla believe was not a remedy for the times and issues?
What religion was Tesla raised?
What did Tesla oppose?
What religions did Tesla have a profound respect for?
What was the title of Tesla's 1937 article?
What are Tesla's religious views?
What did Tesla say he wanted to end?
What did Tesla write for magazines and journals?
Where did Tesla write his books and articles?
Who wrote My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla?
Where are many of Tesla's writings freely available?
When was the article "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy" published?
What is the name of the book that Tesla published in which contains the article "Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency"?
The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme in what type of literature?
Where has Tesla's legacy endured?
How many types of science fiction have the impact of Tesla's work been a recurring theme?
What magazine put Tesla on its cover in 1931?
On what date did Time magazine put Tesla on its cover?
What did the cover of Time magazine note Tesla's contribution to?
What famous scientist sent Tesla a congratulatory letter on his 75th birthday?
How many people congratulated Tesla on his 75th birthday?
What focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to what?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying what?
When is a problem regarded as inherently difficult?
What does computational complexity theory introduce to study problems?
What are two examples of resources needed to solve a problem?
What is used in circuit complexity?
What is one of the roles of computational complexity theory?
What are two closely related fields in theoretical computer science?
Along with computability theory, what is a closely related field in theoretical computer science?
What theory asks what kind of problems can, in principle, be solved algorithmically?
What theory asks what kind of problems can, in principle, be solved algorithmically?
What is the input string for a computational problem referred to as?
The input string for a computational problem should not be confused with what?
What type of utterance can serve as the input for a decision problem?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of what?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with what for every instance?
How many kilometres long is the traveling salesman problem?
What is an example of a problem that is of little use for solving other instances of the problem?
What does complexity theory focus on?
What is a string over an alphabet?
What is the alphabet usually taken to be?
What are the strings over an alphabet called?
How can integers be represented in a computer?
How can graphs be encoded directly?
What is one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the alternate answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the input to a decision problem?
What is associated with a decision problem?
What does one have to decide to obtain a precise definition of the formal language associated with a decision problem?
What is a function problem?
What is expected for every input?
What is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input?
What is an example of a function problem?
How is the output of a function problem different than a decision problem?
What can function problems be recast as?
The multiplication of two integers can be expressed as what?
What is one way to measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem?
The running time of an algorithm may depend on what?
How is the time required to solve a problem calculated?
What is the size of the input in?
Complexity theory is interested in how algorithms scale with what?
What says that a problem can be solved with a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm?
What can be expressed as a function of n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
If T(n) is a polynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be what?
What is a mathematical model of a general computing machine?
If a problem can be solved by what, there exists a Turing machine that solves the problem?
What is the most commonly used model in complexity theory?
A Turing machine manipulates what contained on a strip of tape?
What is the most basic Turing machine?
What does a deterministic Turing machine use to determine its future actions?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits?
What is a Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism?
What are algorithms that use random bits called?
Deterministic Turing machines are used to define what?
What resources are bounded?
What are some types of Turing machines used to define complexity?
What is an example of a machine model that is different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines?
What can be converted to another model without providing any extra?
What may vary in the consumption of the alternate models?
What do all these models have in common?
What type of Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms?
Some computational problems are easier to analyze in terms of what?
What does a non-deterministic Turing machine capture?
What is a very important resource in analyzing computational problems?
What is the total number of steps in a deterministic Turing machine?
 complexity theory is interested in classifying problems based on their what?
What is the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine?
What is the total number of state transitions, or steps, the machine makes before it halts?
Time and space are the most well-known of what?
A complexity measure can be viewed as what?
What are complexity measures generally defined by?
What is defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What is defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What are the three types of case complexity?
What is another way of measuring time complexity?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring what type of complexity?
The best, worst, and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different what?
What solves the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input?
What is the worst case when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order?
What is the average time for quicksort?
What is the minimum amount of time required for solving a given problem?
What is the field of analyzing a particular algorithm?
What is more difficult to prove about all possible algorithms?
What does T(n) stand for?
Lower bounds make a statement about what?
What hides constant factors and smaller terms?
What does the big O notation hide?
What would one write if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40?
What does the big O notation make the bounds independent of?
What has complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework?
Some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into what?
What do some complexity classes have that do not fit into this framework?
What does bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f(n) often yields complexity classes?
In what time can a language be solved on a multi-tape Turing machine?
What type of Turing machine requires quadratic time?
What states that "the time complexities in any two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related"?
What is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time?
What is bound by the algorithm?
What defines the time or space used by the algorithm?
What can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm?
What are the other important complexity classes?
AC and NC are defined using what type of circuits?
What type of Turing machines are BQP and QMA defined using?
What is an important complexity class of counting problems?
What type of proof systems are IP and AM defined using?
What defines a bigger set of problems?
What is DTIME(n) contained in?
What gives the answer to the question of time and space requirements?
What do hierarchy theorems induce?
What can we make about how much more additional time or space is needed in order to increase the number of problems that can be solved?
What form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes?
Where does the time hierarchy theorem say P is strictly contained?
Where does the space hierarchy theorem tell us that L is strictly contained?
What is a transformation of one problem into another problem?
A reduction is a transformation of one problem into what?
What does X do to Y?
What are two examples of reductions based on the method of reduction?
Polynomial-time reductions and log-space reductions are examples of what?
What is the most commonly used reduction?
What can the problem of squaring an integer be reduced to?
What time does the reduction process take?
What must be given the same to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm?
Squaring can be reduced to what?
What determines the notion of hard problems?
When is a problem X hard for a class of problems?
An algorithm for X allows us to do what?
A set of problems that are hard for NP is the set of what?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems?
What would being able to reduce a known NP-complete problem to another problem indicate for Π1?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems?
What is the complexity class?
What is the name of the hypothesis that the complexity class P is a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm?
What is the complexity class that contains many problems that people would like to solve efficiently but no efficient algorithm is known?
What is an example of a problem for which no efficient algorithm is known?
What are special non-deterministic Turing machines?
If the answer is yes, many important problems can be shown to have what?
What is an example of a problem that can be shown to have more efficient solutions if P equals NP?
How much is the prize for resolving the P versus NP problem?
Who showed that if P ≠ NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete?
What are problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete called?
What is an example of an NP-intermediate problem?
What is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
If the polynomial time hierarchy does not collapse to any finite level, it is believed that graph isomorphism is not what?
What collapses to its second level if graph isomorphism isNP-complete?
Where does the polynomial time hierarchy collapse to if graph isomorphism is NP-complete?
Who created the best algorithm for the problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
What is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer?
What is the minimum amount of factor that is needed to determine whether the input has a factor less than?
What is the RSA algorithm the basis of?
What is the best known algorithm for integer factorization?
What has not been proved about many known complexity classes?
What is another example of a complexity class that has not been proved to be unequal?
What are RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, and PH?
What would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory?
What is the class containing the complement problems of NP problems?
What happens to the yes/no answers in complement problems of NP problems?
Is P equal to co-NP?
What happens if the two complexity classes are not equal?
What is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
What is L?
What classes are there between NL and NC?
What are two complexity classes between P and L?
What is not known about NL and NC?
What are problems that can be solved in theory but take too long for their solutions to be useful called?
What type of algorithms might be unusable in practice?
If NP is not the same as P, what are also intractable in this sense?
What decision problem has been shown not to be in P?
What has been done to solve the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic?
Algorithms can solve what over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time?
How long can algorithms solve the NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes?
SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of what problem?
What did researchers do before the actual research on algorithmic problems started?
Who created the definition of Turing machines?
What did Alan Turing define in 1936?
When was the definition of Turing machines created?
What did Alan Turing's definition of Turing machines simplify?
What is the name of the seminal paper that started the beginning of systematic studies in computational complexity?
Who wrote the seminal paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
What did the paper lay out the definitions of?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
Who defined linear bounded automata in 1960?
When did Raymond Smullyan study rudimentary sets?
Who wrote a paper on real-time computations in 1962?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems assume some concrete choice of what?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems regularly assume some concrete choice of what?
Who developed an axiomatic complexity theory in 1967?
What did Manuel Blum prove in 1967?
What was the name of Karp's 1972 paper?
How many diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems did Karp show are NP-complete?
What is the name of the course of study that a teacher provides?
What is the science of teaching?
In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials from what?
What do teachers use to facilitate student learning?
Where is the role of a teacher often carried out?
A teacher's role may vary among what?
Along with literacy, what type of education can a teacher provide?
Along with literacy and numeracy, what type of training can a teacher provide?
Along with literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship and vocational training, what type of education can a teacher provide?
What is an example of a transient or ongoing teacher?
In some countries, formal education can take place through what?
What type of education can take place through home schooling?
What type of role can a teacher have in home schooling?
What can a family member or family member provide to a student in a community setting?
Along with religious, what type of teacher is a gurus?
What type of texts can gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas teach?
What religious texts can religious and spiritual teachers teach?
What are gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors and lamas?
What is it called to teach in a family?
Who is responsible for formal teaching?
What is another name for a CPA?
Along with homeschooling and informal teaching, where can a teacher be found?
Who is responsible for formal teaching?
Outside of the classroom, what else can a teacher help with?
What type of activities can a teacher serve as a supervisor for?
Outside of the classroom, what else can a teacher supervise?
Who may have responsibility for student discipline in some education systems?
What do many governments operate around the world?
Why are teacher's colleges generally established?
What interest are teacher's colleges meant to protect?
What profession has a variety of bodies designed to preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of?
What does a teacher's college enforce?
Who must teachers in public funded schools be in good standing with the college?
What type of allegations can a teacher's college conduct hearings into?
Who is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
Who is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
Who is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
In what environment can a teacher help a student learn?
A teacher who teaches on an individual basis may be described as what?
Along with a school, in what type of institution can a teacher help a student learn?
What do teachers do in education?
What type of approach is typically used to teach?
What are different ways to teach often referred to?
What do teachers often accompany students on?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What is a practical goal of a teacher?
A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by what?
What type of disabilities may a teacher interact with?
What is the youngest age a teacher may interact with?
What type of curricula may a teacher follow?
Teaching using pedagogy involves assessing the educational levels of the students on what?
Where did an experienced teacher and parent say the real bulk of learning takes place?
What does a teacher do to the timid?
What does a teacher do to a cocky student?
What is the function of a teacher similar to?
What is the most significant difference between primary and secondary schools?
What does a primary school teacher teach?
In secondary schools, who teaches the students?
In what type of school is the relationship between teachers and children closer?
Along with being a form tutor, specialist teacher and a parent, what is a parent in a primary school?
What type of approaches do exist for primary education?
What is another name for a group of students in one class that moves from one specialist to another for every subject?
How do students derive a strong sense of security?
A teacher who specializes in one subject is more likely to be what?
In what country is the "platoon" system used?
What has become a new trend amongst educational institutions?
How many teachers are involved in co-teaching?
What does co-teaching focus on?
How do co-teachers work?
What does co-teaching provide to a student?
What was the most common form of school discipline?
A teacher was expected to act as what while a child was in school?
What was open to a substitute parent while a child was in school?
Was corporal punishment the most or least common form of school discipline?
When was a teacher expected to act as a substitute parent?
How common was corporal punishment in the past?
What countries have now banned corporal punishment?
In what country is corporal punishment still lawful?
Who ruled that paddling did not violate the US Constitution?
What did corporal punishment cause?
How many US states have banned corporal punishment?
What part of the US has not banned corporal punishment?
Is corporal punishment still used to a significant degree in some public schools?
What is used to administer corporal punishment in American schools?
Where is corporal punishment usually given?
What is an official form of corporal punishment in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries?
Where is corporal punishment still common in schools?
What are the details of individual countries?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools?
Where is detention one of the most common punishments?
How do students sit during detention?
What do students have to write during detention?
What type of teacher is a modern example of school discipline in North America?
What is positive reinforcement balanced with?
What defines what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior?
What is seen as falling outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline?
What are teachers expected to do to their students?
Who advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline?
What is an example of a country that combines strict discipline with high standards of education?
What do some teachers and parents claim many problems with modern schooling stem from?
What type of discipline do some teachers and parents advocate?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
What is the typical class size in a school?
What can maintaining order in the classroom divert a teacher from?
What type of students receive disproportionate resources?
What do teachers ignore in order to focus on motivated students?
What type of students receive disproportionate resources?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools claim can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
Along with schools, who do Sudbury model democratic schools claim can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
What does the school atmosphere in a democratic school consist of?
Is the preservation of public order easier or more efficient in a democratic school?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools' proponents argue is necessary for a school to be a success?
What characteristic of a teacher has been found to affect how students feel about the course materials?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition transfer to receptive students?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition not do?
Do students who have enthusiastic teachers rate them higher or lower than teachers who don't?
Recent research has found a correlation between students' intrinsic motivation to learn and what?
What do students who have a very enthusiastic teacher do outside of the classroom?
What type of expressions have been shown to result in higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
What type of studies have shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation?
Do nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in higher or lower levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
Enthusiastic teachers may also lead to students becoming more what in their own learning process?
What may act as a "motivational embellishment"?
What concept may also apply?
What may contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm?
What does research show that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to?
What type of relations do enthusiastic teachers create with their students?
What does academic success include?
What must a teacher guide his student in?
What is closely linked to student-teacher relationships?
What type of teachers are students likely to build stronger relations with?
What type of teachers are students likely to build stronger relations with?
What do teachers that spend more time doing are perceived as supportive and effective?
What type of teacher has been shown to invite student participation and decision making?
Along with enthusiasm about teaching and enthusiasm about the subject matter, what is the third most important aspect of teacher enthusiasm?
What must a teacher be about the subject matter they are teaching?
A spark in a teacher may create a spark of excitement in what other person?
An enthusiastic teacher has the ability to be what in a young students life?
What must a teacher enjoy doing?
What has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts?
What percentage of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country did the American Association of University Women report that 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention?
When did 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
What organization reported that 9.6% of students in the US claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country did a study show a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional?
Who was included in the study in England that showed a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse?
How many people were included in the British study?
Which study posed questions about fourteen types of sexual harassment and various degrees of frequency?
In what country has Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct?
What has Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau caused?
What has led to several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession?
Who is the general secretary of the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers?
Who was outraged by Keates' statement?
What has the fear of being labeled a pedophile or hebephile led to in some jurisdictions?
What did Chris Keates say teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What type of work can cause teachers to have a heavy workload?
What is another occupational hazard that teachers are at high risk for?
What can be caused by organizational change, relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What percentage of UK teachers experienced occupational stress in 2000?
In what country did a 2000 study find that 42% of teachers experienced occupational stress?
How much more than the average profession?
In what year did a study find that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers?
A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than who?
How many ways are there to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
What can be used to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
What type of interventions are used to relieve occupational stress among teachers?
What can organizational interventions help to reduce?
What can be used to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
Where are most teachers educated in almost all countries?
What do governments require before a teacher can teach?
What is earned after completion of high school?
What do many educational institutions require prospective teachers to pass to be able to teach?
What country requires a background check and psychiatric evaluation to be able to teach?
Who is responsible for education in Australia?
How many tiers of education does Australia follow?
What is the third tier of education in Australia?
What are tertiary education in Australia?
What is the first level of education in Australia?
What does teaching in Canada require?
What is required to become a qualified teacher in most provinces?
Who funds a private school in Canada?
What type of people are teachers in Germany?
What are special university classes called in Germany?
What is another name for elementary school?
What does the salary for teachers depend on?
What is the name of the higher level secondary school in Germany?
What is also given for teaching through the Irish language?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher in Ireland?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher in Ireland?
How much could a principal of a large school in Ireland earn?
Who are teachers required to be registered with?
What section of the Teaching Council Act 2001 states that a person employed in any capacity in a recognised teaching post may not be paid from Oireachtas funds?
When was Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act passed?
Under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001, a person employed in any capacity in a recognised teaching post may not be paid from what?
When was Garda vetting introduced?
Who has Garda vetting been introduced for?
How often will existing staff be vetted?
Who cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role?
What was the average salary for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers in September 2007?
What can cause some salaries to go much higher?
What is the average annual salary for a preschool teacher?
What degree must a teacher have in order to be employed in a state school?
In what month and year did the salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers range from £20,133 to £41,004?
What do many counties offer to attract people into teaching?
Why do many counties offer alternative licensing programs?
What will happen to job opportunities by geographic area and subject taught?
What is expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth?
What type of teachers are most likely to retire?
Who must a person in Scotland register to teach?
What is an all graduate profession in Scotland?
How many Scottish Universities offer IETs?
What does the GTCS give to someone who has successfully completed their IET?
When is "Provisional Registration" raised to "Full Registration" status?
When did the salary year for unpromoted teachers in Scotland begin?
How much did a Probationer in Scotland earn in 2008?
How much did unpromoted teachers in Scotland earn after 6 years?
What do unpromoted teachers earn up to £39,942 as they complete the modules to do?
What can teachers in Scotland be registered members of?
What country in the United Kingdom has a significant number of students who are educated in Welsh?
What language is compulsory for all pupils until the age of 16?
How long are lessons in Welsh compulsory for all pupils in Wales?
What percentage of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction in 2008/09?
Who is Welsh medium education available to in Wales?
What can teachers in Wales be registered members of?
Is the average age of teachers in Wales rising or falling?
When did attacks on teachers in Welsh schools reach an all-time high?
What can teachers in Wales be registered members of?
What is the growing cause of attacks on Welsh teachers?
Who determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools?
How long can a teaching certificate last?
What are public school teachers required to have?
What type of schools do not require teachers to be certified?
Many charter schools do not require teachers to be highly qualified as set by what?
What have teachers been paid in the past?
What has improved rapidly in recent years?
What makes a teacher earn more than a standard bachelor's degree and certificate?
Who had the lowest median salary in a salary survey for K-12 teachers?
What website allows teachers to sell their lesson plans to other teachers?
How many forms of spiritual or religious teachers are there in Christianity?
What is the most individualistic denomination of Christianity?
Is a Confessor always a bishop?
What are the three major traditions of Christianity?
What is the name of the LDS church?
Who may fill the role of spiritual teacher in the LDS Church?
What type of guidance is offered by the Patriarch?
Who are Priesthood representatives expected to defer to when in his home?
Who are Priesthood representatives expected to defer to when in his home?
In Hinduism, what is a spiritual teacher known as?
How high is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship in Hinduism?
Who do gurus often have control over?
In what part of the world is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship extremely high?
What are the teachers of Dharma in Tibet most commonly called?
A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to do what is called a Tulku?
A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn is called what?
How often does a Lama want to be reborn?
How is a Lama determined to be reborn?
Who can render legal verdicts upon matters of Islamic law in accordance with one of the Four Schools of Jurisprudence?
Who can render legal verdicts upon matters of Islamic law in accordance with one of the Four Schools of Jurisprudence?
What is the name of the more spiritual Islamic tradition?
What is another term for exoteric?
What is the highest level of spiritual knowledge in Sufism?
What was Martin Luther's nationality?
When did Martin Luther die?
What church did Martin Luther reject?
What did Martin Luther believe could be purchased with money?
What did the Pope do to Martin Luther?
How did Luther believe that salvation is received?
What did Luther believe is the only way to receive God's grace?
Who did Luther's theology challenge the authority of?
What did Luther believe to be the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What did Luther consider baptized Christians to be?
What text did Popper translate into the vernacular?
What version of the German language did the translation of the Bible lead to?
What was the name of the English translation of the Bible?
What did his hymns influence?
What did his marriage to Katharina von Bora allow?
When was Martin Luther born?
Where was Martin Luther born?
What empire was Eisleben, Saxony a part of?
What religion was Martin Luther baptized?
What was Hans Luder's goal for his eldest son?
What university did Popper enter at the age of 19?
What did Popper describe the University of Erfurt as?
When did Avicenna wake up every morning?
What type of learning did Avicenna say he had at the University of Erfurt?
When did Popper receive his master's degree?
What school did Luther drop out of?
What did Luther believe that law represented?
What subjects did Luther turn to in order to find assurance about his life?
How did Luther test everything himself?
What did Luther believe could only be learned through divine revelation?
What did Luther say he was terrified of?
When did Luther make his decision to become a monk?
Where did Luther enter on July 17, 1505?
Why did one friend blame Luther's decision to become a monk?
What did his father see as a waste of?
What order did Luther devote himself to?
What did Luther describe his time in the Augustinian Order as?
What did Luther make of Christ?
Who was Luther's superior?
What did Luther believe true repentance involves?
In what year was Luther ordained to the priesthood?
Who was the first dean of the University of Wittenberg?
In what year did Luther receive a bachelor's degree?
When did Luther receive his bachelor's degree?
What book did Luther receive a bachelor's degree in in 1509?
When was he awarded his Doctor of Theology?
When was he received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg?
What position did he receive in the University of Wittenberg?
Where did he spend the rest of his career?
What title did he receive on October 19, 1512?
When was Johann Tetzel sent to Germany?
What was Johann Tetzel selling indulgences to raise money for?
What church was Johann Tetzel sent to Germany by?
What did the Roman Catholic Church believe that justification depends on?
What did the Roman Catholic Church believe that justification depends on?
When did Luther write to his bishop protesting the sale of indulgences?
Who was the bishop of Mainz?
What was the name of Luther's letter to Albert of Mainz?
Who wrote that Luther had no intention of confronting the church?
Which of the theses did Hillerbrand say had an undercurrent of challenge?
Who said that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
As soon as what rings, the soul from purgatory springs?
Who objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
Who said that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
Who granted forgiveness?
What did he claim that indulgences granted buyers?
What did he claim that indulgences absolved buyers from?
What should Christians not slacken in following Christ on account of?
Who did he say should not slacken in following on account of false assurances?
Who overstated the matter in regard to indulgences for the dead?
What was Tetzel known for?
What did Tetzel overstate the matter in regard to?
What did Tetzel believe was in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What has little foundation in truth?
What is the story that has settled as one of the pillars of history?
Who made the comments that the story of the posting on the door is based on?
Where was Philipp Melanchthon at the time of the posting?
According to scholars, the story of the posting on the door has what?
When did friends of Luther translate the 95 Theses into German?
What was the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by?
Who translated the 95 Theses into German?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Germany?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Europe?
When did Luther's writings begin to reach France, England, and Italy?
Who came to hear Luther speak at Wittenberg?
What part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive?
In what year were three of Luther's best-known works published?
What was the name of the work that Luther published in 1520?
What did Luther do from 1510 to 1520?
What terms did Luther begin to view in new ways?
What did Luther think of the Catholic church?
What did Luther think the Catholic church had lost sight of?
What was the most important doctrine to Luther?
Who did Luther believe was responsible for justification?
When was On the Bondage of the Will published?
What did Luther consider faith to be?
Where did Luther explain his concept of justification?
How did Luther believe that the just person in the Bible lived?
What was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What did Luther railing against?
How many points did Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" become the foundation for the Reformation?
Who did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses?
Where did Albrecht send the 95 Theses?
What did Albrecht need to pay off for his tenure of more than one bishopric?
How much of the money from the 95 Theses was to go to the building of St Peter's Church in Rome?
When did Albrecht send the 95 Theses to Rome?
Who summoned Luther to Rome?
Who did Leo X deploy against Luther?
When did Luther say he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church?
What did the historistical interpretation of Bible prophecy conclude that the papacy was?
What did Cajetan want to do to Luther?
When did Karl von Miltitz adopt a more conciliatory approach?
What did Luther promise to do if his opponents did not agree with him?
Who was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum?
What scripture did Luther claim did not confer on popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture?
What did Eck call Luther?
When did the Pope warn Luther that he risked excommunication?
What did Luther have to do in order to avoid being excommunicated?
How long did the Pope say he needed to retract the 95 Theses?
Who attempted to broker a solution to the issue of the 95 Theses?
When was Luther excommunicated by Pope Leo X?
Who enforced the ban on the 95 Theses?
When did Luther appear before the Diet of Worms?
What was the Diet of Worms?
Who presided over the Diet of Worms?
Who was the Elector of Saxony?
Who presented Luther with copies of his writings?
Who was Johann Eck?
What did Eck ask Luther about his books?
When did Luther give his response to Eck?
What was Luther's response to the second question?
What did Luther do at the end of his speech?
What did Luther raise his arm in the traditional salute of?
Who considers Luther's speech as a "world classic of epoch-making oratory"?
What does Mullett consider Luther's speech as?
What did Luther refuse to do?
Who refused to recant his writings?
How were the words inserted before "May God help me" found in witness accounts of the speech?
What type of words did Mullett believe Luther would tend to select?
What was held to determine Luther's fate?
When was the final draft of the Edict of Worms presented?
Who presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms?
What did the Edict of Worms require of Luther?
What did the Edict of Worms allow anyone to do without legal consequence?
What was planned during Luther's return trip back to Wittenberg?
Where did the masked horsemen escort Luther?
What did Luther call the castle at Wartburg?
What did Luther translate from Greek to German?
How did Luther feel about Archbishop Albrecht?
What did Luther argue that every good work designed to attract God's favor was?
How can God's grace be earned?
When did Luther write to Melanchthon?
What did Luther say to Melanchthon to make his sins stronger?
What did Luther say that this life is not a place where?
When did Luther widen his target from individual pieties to doctrines at the heart of Church practices?
What did Luther say about the idea that the mass is a sacrifice?
What did Luther believe the mass to be?
What did Luther encourage?
What did Luther say monks and nuns could do without sin?
What did Luther place the foundations of the Reformation on?
In what year did Luther deal with prophecy?
Where was the Little Horn prophecy found?
What prophecy did Luther focus on?
What was identified as the power of the Papacy?
Who supported Andreas Karlstadt?
When did Andreas Karlstadt begin a radical program of reform in Wittenberg?
What did Karlstadt's reforms cause?
What group preached about the equality of man, adult baptism, and Christ's imminent return?
Who asked Luther to return to Wittenberg?
When did Luther return to Wittenberg?
What did Luther say he could not repair the ravages of Satan by writing?
How many sermons did Luther preach during Lent?
What was the name of the eight sermons Luther preached during Lent?
What did Luther tell the citizens to do instead of violence?
What was the effect of Luther's intervention?
Who wrote to the elector after the sixth sermon?
When did Jerome Schurf write to the elector?
What did Jerome Schurf feel about Martin's return?
What type of people did Schurf say Martin's words were bringing back every day?
What did Luther work with the authorities to restore?
What type of force did Luther become during the Reformation?
Who did Luther ban?
What did the radical reformers do to threaten the new order?
What did Luther face a battle against after banishing the Zwickau prophets?
What was Nicholas Storch's profession?
What was the name of the war of 1524-25?
When was the German Peasants' War?
What did peasants believe Luther would do to the upper classes?
Who did peasants believe Luther would support an attack on?
Who did Luther remind the aggrieved to obey?
Where did Luther become enraged at the widespread burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries?
What did Luther call the rebels?
What did Luther call the violence?
Who did Luther call for to put down the rebels?
How did Luther justify his opposition to the rebels?
What did Luther believe the rebels were doing by choosing violence over lawful submission?
According to St. Paul, who are all authorities appointed by?
What is the name of the doctrine based on the reference from the Bible?
How did Luther say the peasants deserved to die?
What caused many rebels to lay down their weapons?
Who defeated the rebels at the Battle of Frankenhausen?
When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?
What brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close?
Who supported Luther's Reformation?
Who did Martin Luther marry?
How were the nuns smuggled out of the Nimbschen Cistercian convent?
How old was Katharina von Bora when she married Martin Luther?
How old was Martin Luther when he married Katharina von Bora?
When did Martin Luther marry Katharina von Bora?
When was the couple engaged?
On what day was the couple married?
Along with the ceremonial walk to the church, what was left out of the wedding?
When was the wedding banquet and walk to the church made up?
Who married the couple on June 13, 1525?
What did Luther's wedding set on clerical marriage?
What did Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on?
Why did Luther condemn vows of celibacy?
What did Luther daily expect?
What did Melanchthon call Luther's decision to marry?
What was the name of the former monastery that Luther and his wife moved into?
Where did Luther and his wife move to after their wedding?
How many children did Luther and his wife have?
What did Luther say he would not exchange his poverty for?
What did Katharina help Luther and his wife earn a living by?
What did Luther's Biblical ideal of congregations' not work?
What did Luther establish from 1525 to 1529?
What did Luther lay down for worship service?
What did Luther write as a summary of his new faith?
What type of thought was Luther's?
What did Luther avoid to avoid confusing or upsetting the people?
Where did Luther concentrate on the church?
What role did Luther act as to churches in new territories?
Who was the new elector of Saxony?
What type of government did Martin Brecht think the partnership with John the Steadfast was the beginning of?
When did Luther publish his German Mass?
What did Luther not intend his German Mass to be a replacement for?
What group of people did Luther want to reach with his German Mass?
What did Luther omit from the Catholic service?
What did the optional trappings of the German Mass allow?
When did Luther's visitation of Saxony begin?
When did Luther and his colleagues introduce the new order of worship?
Along with pastoral care, what did Luther and his colleagues assess in Saxony?
What did Luther say the common people had little knowledge of?
What did Luther say about many pastors in Saxony?
What did Luther create to impart the basics of Christianity to congregations?
When did Luther write the Large Catechism?
Who was the Large Catechism written for?
Who was the Small Catechism meant to be memorized by?
What did Luther add to the catechism?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
What did Luther say he would rather see devoured than collected?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
Which of Luther's works has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching?
Along with Luther's hymns and his translation of the Bible, what text is still in use today?
Which of Luther's works was especially effective in helping parents teach their children?
Which of Luther's Catechisms was most effective for pastors?
What language did the Larger Catechism use to express the Apostles' Creed?
How did Luther depict the Trinity?
Where does Salvation start?
When was Luther's German translation of the New Testament published?
When was the whole Bible published?
What did Luther and his collaborators finish in 1534?
What word did Luther add to Romans 3:28?
What did Luther say justifies us?
Where did Luther's translation of the Bible come from?
Luther's translation of the Bible was intelligible to both what types of Germans?
Who did Luther want to make the Bible accessible to?
What did Luther want to do to make the Bible more accessible to Germans?
What did Luther want to remove from the Bible?
What was there a rising demand for?
What did Luther's version of the Bible become a popular and influential?
What did the Luther Bible make a significant contribution to?
Who created woodcuts for the Luther Bible?
Who translated the Luther Bible into English?
What was Luther a prolific hymn-writer?
What did Luther connect?
What was Luther's tool of choice for connecting high art and folk music?
What instrument did Luther use to accompany his hymns?
What became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century?
L's hymns were frequently evoked by what?
Why were Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes martyred?
What hymn did Luther write in response to the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes?
Who translated the hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an"?
What is the title of the hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an"?
When was Luther's creedal hymn "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" written?
What did Luther's hymn "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" prefigure?
Where was the Apostles' Creed explained in 1529?
What type of hymn was "Wir glauben all" adapted from?
Why do 20th century Lutherans rarely use the hymn?
When was Luther's hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer created?
Where did Luther explain the Lord's Prayer in his 1538 hymn?
The hymn functioned as a means of examining candidates on what?
How many revisions did the extant manuscript of the Lord's Prayer show?
Other 16th and 20th century versions of the Lord's Prayer have adopted what?
When did Luther write "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir"?
What Psalm did Luther write a hymnic version of in 1523?
What did Luther want to encourage his evangelical colleagues to do?
What was the first Lutheran hymnal called?
What did Luther's expanded version of "Aus tiefer Not" express?
What hymn did Luther write for Pentecost?
What was "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" based on?
What did Luther's "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" become?
How many hymns did Luther write on the Ten Commandments?
What did Luther's hymn "Herr Gott, dich loben wir" become known as?
What topic does the hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" address?
What was the name of the tune that Luther used in his 1541 hymn?
What is Psalm 67?
What composer used the hymn as a subject for his own work?
Where was the Lutheran Reformation held?
Where were Luther's hymns included?
How many songs of the First Lutheran hymnal did Luther supply?
How many songs of the Erfurt Enchiridion did Luther provide?
How many of the 32 songs in the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter were Luther's?
What was the name of the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter?
Who included several verses as chorales in his cantatas?
What did Johann Sebastian Bach base his hymns on?
When was Christ lag in Todes Banden written?
When was Bach's second annual cycle?
When was Wär Gott nicht with uns?
What did Luther believe a Christian's soul does after it is separated from the body in death?
What did Luther reject for the saints?
What did Luther believe that souls do in a prepared bedchamber?
What did Luther think of Purgatory?
In what work did Luther describe the saints as currently residing "in their graves and in heaven"?
Who observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul differed from the later Lutheran theologians?
Who was a later Lutheran theologian?
Which Lutheran theologian reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy?
When did Lessing write about the state of the Christian's soul after death?
What contains a passage that concludes that the soul does not sleep but wakes up and experiences visions?
Who argued that John Jortin misread the passage in 1765?
When did Francis Blackburne argue that John Jortin misread the passage?
Who pointed out in 1867 that it actually refers to the soul of a man "in this life"?
What interrupts a man's sleep?
When was the Marburg Colloquy held?
What was Philip I's title?
What was the Marburg Colloquy meant to establish?
How many points of agreement was reached at the Marburg Colloquy?
What was the exception to the fourteen points reached at the Marburg Colloquy?
What did the theologians disagree on the significance of?
What did Luther believe was present in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther call the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther's opponents believe God to be?
According to transcripts, the debate sometimes became what?
When was the Augsburg Confession signed?
What paved the way for the signing of the Augsburg Confession?
What league was formed in 1530 by leading Protestant nobles?
Who did not sign the agreements?
Along with John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and Philip, who was a leading Protestant nobles?
What did some scholars claim that Luther thought that faith and reason were?
What did Luther believe was the best tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible?
What did Luther believe about reason in relation to faith?
What did Luther believe was the best tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible?
What did Luther want to honor by separating faith and reason?
What did Luther say in 1523?
What did Luther lose hope in?
Who did Luther grow more hostile toward in his later years?
Along with the Zwinglianism and the papacy, who did Luther write against in his later years?
When did Luther write Von den Juden und ihren Lügen?
How did Luther view the Turks?
Why did Luther see the Turks as a scourge?
What did Luther believe would happen to the papacy and the Roman Church?
Along with the Roman Church, who did Luther believe to be the antichrist?
What type of war did Luther want the German people to fight against the Turks?
What did Luther read in 1542?
What did Luther produce after reading the Qur'an?
What religion did Luther consider to be a tool of the devil?
What did Luther see the Muslim faith as?
What did Luther want the Qur'an to be?
What did Johannes Agricola claim that God's gospel revealed?
Who preached a sermon in 1537 that claimed that God's gospel, not God's moral law, revealed God's wrath to Christians?
What did Agricola's theses claim that the law belonged to?
What did Luther write in response to Johannes Agricola's sermon?
What was the name of the book that Luther wrote in 1539?
What is the term for the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart?
What is the second use of the law?
What does Luther say is called the law?
What does refusing to preach the Ten Commandments do?
According to Luther, what does the church consist of?
What did Luther think the Ten Commandments positively teach?
What did Luther believe that Christ's life is nothing more than an illustration of?
What is the traditional name for the use of the Ten Commandments as an example of how a Christian should live?
What did Luther consider Christ's life to be?
What did Luther believe that Christ's life is nothing more than an illustration of?
What is the sacrament of the renewal of the life of Christians?
What is a present foreshadowing of the believers' future angel-like life in heaven?
What did Luther want the Christian to do in the common, daily vocations of this perishing world?
Why did Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse marry his wife's ladies-in-waiting?
What was Philip I implicated in?
Who did Philip I want to marry?
What does Martin Brecht think of the history of the marriage of Philip I?
What did the affair cause to Luther's reputation?
What did the local community that Luther lived in do to the Jews?
Who did Luther consider blasphemers and liars?
What did Luther believe the Jews were guilty of?
What did Luther consider the Jews to reject?
What did Luther hope to do with the Jews?
What was the name of Luther's 60,000-word treatise on the Jews?
When was Luther's Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi published?
How long after his death did Luther publish his two major works on the Jews?
What did Luther call the Jews?
What did Robert Michael think Luther's words "We are at fault in not slaying them" amounted to?
Who did Luther speak out against?
Who did Josel blame for the plight of the Jews in Saxony?
What did Josel of Rosheim say that anyone who helped the Jews was?
What did Josel ask the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of?
When did riots lead to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What contributed to the development of antisemitism in Germany?
What did Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric provide an "ideal underpinning" for?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
How did Der Stürmer describe On the Jews and their Lies?
When did seven Protestant church confederations issue a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge?
Who suggested preventive measures against the Jews?
Who argued that Luther's writing was a blueprint?
Who published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht?
What did Bishop Martin Sasse call Luther?
What do some scholars see the Nazis' use of Luther's work as?
What caused Luther to become one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism?
What did Luther's work provide material for?
When did Johannes Wallmann argue that Luther's writings against the Jews were largely ignored?
What was Luther's position on the Jews?
What did some scholars argue lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism?
Who wrote that Luther is credited with "Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism"?
What did Paul Rose argue that Luther caused about Jews?
Who used Luther's publications to justify their anti-Semitic policies?
What did German Lutheran clergy and theologians use to justify their anti-Semitic policies?
What is it possible that Luther's antisemitic views were the result of?
Why did Luther's antisemitic views develop during the years?
What did Edwards say that Luther often used for effect?
What were the names of the "Turks" in Luther's writings?
What book did Mark U. Edwards write in 1983?
When did Lutheran Church denominations repudiate Martin Luther's statements against the Jews?
Were Lutherans more or less prejudiced toward Jews than other minority groups?
Who is the author of Hitler and Nazism?
During what years did Professor Richard Geary write an article about who voted for the Nazis?
What happened to Luther from 1531 to 1546?
What scandal caused a scandal in which Luther played a leading role?
What health problems did Luther begin to suffer in 1536?
What caused Luther to rupture his ear drum in 1536?
What disease did Luther begin to feel in 1544?
What caused Luther to be short-tempered?
What did Luther's poor physical health make him even harsher in?
How did Luther's poor physical health affect his writings and comments?
Who said "Dear husband, you are too rude"?
How many times did Luther preach in the Market Church in Halle?
Where was Luther's last sermon delivered?
When was Luther's last sermon delivered?
Who did Luther say he wanted to drive out of all German territory?
What did Luther want to expel the Jews from?
What did Luther pray for the Jews?
Where did Luther go on his final journey?
What did Luther participate in when he went to Mansfeld?
When did Luther travel to Mansfeld twice?
When was the third visit to Mansfeld?
Who did Luther travel to Mansfeld for?
On what date were the negotiations concluded?
What happened to Luther after 8 a.m?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
What isPs. 31:5?
When did Luther wake up with more chest pain?
What caused Luther to lose his speech?
When did Luther die?
When did Luther die?
Where was Luther buried?
Who held Luther's funeral?
What did Luther write on a piece of paper?
In what language was Luther's last statement written?
What was Luther's last statement in German?
What type of size was Luther in the 1530s and 1540s?
What type of saint was Luther compared to in the 1530s and 1540s?
How was Luther shown to be compared to the secular German princes?
What type of life did Luther live in contrast to his ascetic life?
When were printed images of Luther crucial to the spread of Protestantism?
On what date is Luther honored?
In what calendar is Luther commemorated on 18 February?
When is Luther commemorated in the Church of England's Calendar of Saints?
Where is Luther commemorated on 31 October?
What happens on 18 February?
What is another name for Southern California?
How many counties make up Southern California?
What is Southern California a major for the state of California and the United States?
What are the eight counties that make up Southern California?
What is the more extensive 10-county definition of SoCal based on?
What is one of the 11 megaregions of the United States?
How many megaregions are there in the US?
Along with Las Vegas and Tijuana, in what state does the greater Southern California Megaregion extend?
What border does the megaregion extend south across to Tijuana?
Where does the megaregion extend south across the Mexican border?
Along what coast does Southern California stretch?
How many metropolitan areas does Southern California encompass?
How many people live in the Los Angeles area?
What is the largest metropolitan area in Southern California?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What river is at the border with Arizona?
What desert is to the east of the Colorado River?
What desert is at the border with Nevada?
What is to the south?
In what state is Los Angeles the most populous city?
What is the population of Los Angeles?
What is the most populous city in California?
What is the second most populous city in the state?
In what direction is San Diego located?
Along with Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, Riverside, and Riverside, what is the largest county in California?
In what country are the counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside in the top 15 most populous?
What are the five most populous counties in California?
What is the number of most populous counties in the US?
What are the five most populous counties in California?
What is another name associated with the motion picture industry?
Where is the motion picture, television, and music industry centered?
What is the name of the company that owns ABC?
Along with motion picture, television, and film, what industry is centered in Los Angeles?
Along with Universal, Warner Brothers and Warner Brothers, what major record company is based in Los Angeles?
Along with surf, what sport is Tony Hawk known for?
What professional skateboarder lives in southern California?
What professional snowboarder lives in southern California?
What island is second to Southern California in terms of famous surf breaks?
What is the name of the annual yacht race from Los Angeles to Hawaii?
What desert city is popular for its resort feel?
What do many locals and tourists visit the coast for?
What coast of California is popular for its beaches?
 Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby what?
What is the latitude of California's north-south midway point?
How many miles south of San Jose is California's north-south midway point?
How many southern-most counties are in California?
Along with Point Conception, what mountains form the northern boundary of southern California?
What is the northern boundary of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino counties?
What country ruled California before the United States?
What was the name of the region that Monterey and Los Angeles were in?
What was the name of the city in the upper part of Alta California?
What was the name of the Compromise of 1850?
What type of state did the Compromise of 1850 allow California to become?
Why did Californios want to separate from Northern California?
In what counties of southern California did Californios and pro-slavery southerners attempt to gain statehood?
How many times did Californios and pro-slavery southerners attempt to achieve statehood in the 1850s?
What percentage of voters approved the Pico Act?
Who was a strong advocate of the Pico Act of 1859?
What newspaper defined southern California in 1900?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times define southern California?
In what year was Imperial added to the list?
What county was added to the list in 1999?
How many counties did the Los Angeles Times define southern California in 1900?
Who divides California into three regions?
Along with the Automobile Club of Southern California, what is the other AAA Auto Club of the state?
What is the alternative to the two AAA Auto Clubs' division of the state?
What geographical phrase would split the southern region off at the crest of the transverse range?
Which region of California would the desert portions of north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino Counties be included in?
Where does Southern California rank in terms of most populated megalopolis in the US?
What has been left undeveloped in southern California?
What type of communities is southern California famous for?
Along with automobiles, what is Southern California famous for?
What type of region is San Diego-Tijuana?
What is the main gap to continued urbanization?
Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with what other area?
Who considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County?
Along with Los Angeles County, to what county do many people commute?
When were most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties developed?
What type of climate does Southern California have?
What is the weather like in Southern California?
What is the temperature range in the summers in Southern California?
Is snow common in the Southwest of the state?
What is the typical winter temperature in Southern California?
What body of water does Southern California cover?
Is Southern California's collection of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes varied or varied?
Along with geologic and natural ecosystem landscapes, what type of landscape does Southern California have?
Along with the Transverse, what is the other major mountain range in Southern California?
What is the interior of Southern California?
How many earthquakes does the southern California area have each year?
What is the size of most of the earthquakes in the southern California area?
What was the magnitude of the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
What did the 1994 Northridge earthquake cause the most of?
How much was the property damage of the 1994 Northridge earthquake estimated to be?
What Fault can produce a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?
What is the magnitude of the San Andreas Fault?
What is the name of the other Fault that can produce a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?
What organization has released a California Earthquake forecast?
What does the USGS' California Earthquake forecast model?
Along with culturally, politically, and politically, what is another way that Southern California is divided?
What type of recognition does a city have in Southern California?
Along with culturally, politically, and politically, what is the other major division of Southern California?
In what year did the United States Census show that southern California had a population of 22,680,010?
What is the reputation of southern California?
What was the state's average growth rate in the 2000s?
What type of economy is the Bay Area?
Along with the Bay Area, in what region of California is there an emerging region of growth?
What are the eight metropolitan areas in Southern California?
How many extended metropolitan areas are in Southern California?
What is the population of the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area?
What does the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form?
What is the population of the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What is the largest city in California?
How many people live in San Diego?
How many cities in southern California have more than 200,000 people?
What is the minimum population of a city in southern California?
Along with San Bernardino, what is the only city in southern California that is not close to the coast?
What is Southern California's economy heavily dependent on?
Along with tourism, what is Southern California famous for?
What was Southern California a leader in from 2001-2007?
What type of economy is Southern California?
How has the housing crash affected Southern California's economy?
Motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries since what decade?
What is the economic status of the agricultural regions in the US?
Along with cattle, what was a major industry in the rich agricultural region?
Along with citrus, what was a major industry in the US's richest agricultural region?
What industry continues to be a major factor?
What type of district is Downtown Los Angeles?
What does CBD stand for?
Along with Downtown Riverside, Downtown Bakersfield and Downtown Los Angeles, what is a central business district in Southern California?
What type of district is Downtown Burbank?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach are all part of what area?
In what valley is Warner Center located?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach are all part of what area?
What type of district is in Downtown San Bernardino?
What area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town and Downtown Riverside?
What is the name of the business district in Downtown San Bernardino?
What county is a rapidly developing business center?
Where are international corporations headquartered in Orange County?
Where is the Irvine Tech Center?
Along with the Newport Center and Downtown Santa Ana, what district is in Orange County?
How is Orange County's business center developing?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
Where are most of the business districts located?
In what region of San Diego are some of the business districts located?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
What is the second-busiest airport in the US by passenger volume?
What is the second busiest airport in the US by?
Where does Los Angeles International Airport rank by international passenger volume?
What is the busiest single runway airport in the world?
What is the world's busiest general aviation airport?
What is the name of the commuter rail system that connects Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties?
How many lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many of the seven lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
Along with San Bernardino, Riverside and Riverside, in what county does Metrolink connect?
What is the US's busiest commercial port?
Along with the Port of Los Angeles, what is the second busiest container port in the US?
What part of California is home to the Port of Los Angeles?
What is the name of the region that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base?
What type of university is the Tech Coast known for?
Along with the public, what type of institution is the California Institute of Technology?
How many University of California campuses are in the Tech Coast?
How many California State University campuses are in the Tech Coast?
What league are the Los Angeles Rams and San Diego Chargers?
What league does the Los Angeles Lakers belong to?
What sport does the Dodgers belong to?
What is the name of the NHL team in Southern California?
What is the name of the Major League Soccer team in Southern California?
What team was suspended following the 2014 MLS season?
How many Major League Soccer teams were in Los Angeles from 2005 to 2014?
When was Chivas suspended?
Where did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA play from 2005 to 2014?
When is the second MLS team scheduled to return to Los Angeles?
What type of sports are popular in southern California?
What is the name of the UCLA team that has a rivalry with the USC Trojans?
What is the name of the other team in the Pac-12 Conference?
What conference are the UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans in?
What division do the UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans belong to?
What is a growing sport in southern California?
At what level is rugby a growing sport in southern California?
What is rugby becoming in southern California?
What is the name of the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
What is the name of the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
In what year did BSkyB acquire Sky Italia?
What did British Sky Broadcasting Group change its name to in 2014?
What did the United Kingdom operations of BSkyB change their name to?
In what year was Setanta Sports awarded two Premier League packages?
How many Premier League packages did Setanta Sports win in 2006?
Who bid £4.2bn for a package of 120 premier league games across the three seasons from 2016?
How much did Sky pay for the remaining four Premier League packages?
What consortium was BSkyB excluded from being a part of?
What is the name of ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement?
How many BSkyB channels were available on Freeview prior to October 2005?
What channel replaced Sky Travel on October 31, 2005?
What was Sky Three renamed to in 2011?
What did BSkyB initially charge additional subscription fees for using?
When did Sky launch a new TV advertising campaign targeting Sky+ at women?
How much can customers who do not subscribe to BSkyB pay to enable Sky+ functions?
When did BSkyB discontinue the Sky+ Box?
What did BSkyB start to issue as standard?
What pay-TV scrambling system does BSkyB use?
Who owns the VideoGuard system?
What company owns the VideoGuard system?
Who has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their service?
What is the name of the Personal video recorder offered by BSkyB?
What did Virgin Media remove from their network on March 1, 2007?
When did BSkyB and Virgin Media become involved in a dispute over the carriage of Sky channels on cable TV?
What did Virgin Media claim that BSkyB had done to their channels?
What content did Virgin Media claim was not previously carried by cable?
Along with Video On Demand, what type of content was added to the new deal?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
In what year did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
What did Microsoft announce on January 27, 2014?
What did Microsoft announce on January 27, 2014?
What does SkyDrive stand for?
Who was the chief executive officer of BSkyB in 1993?
On what satellite did the new channels broadcast?
When did BSkyB's analogue service close?
What platform replaced BSkyB's analogue service?
How many households did BSkyB reach by mid-1994?
What was the former name of British Sky Broadcasting?
What type of company is Sky?
How many customers did Sky have as of 2015?
What was the UK's most popular digital TV service in April 2007?
What is the name of the broadband router in the Sky Q range?
What do the Sky Q Mini set top boxes connect to?
What does the Sky Q allow all set top boxes in a household to do?
When will the Sky Q range of products and services be available?
When will the Sky Q range of products and services be available?
What is the standard definition format used by BSkyB?
What type of soundtracks do the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels include?
What is Sky+ HD material broadcast using?
What is the proprietary system that Sky's Interactive services and 7-day EPG use?
What standard does most of the Sky+ HD material use?
When was Sky Digital launched?
What satellite did Sky Digital use?
What was the name of the first satellite to be used by Sky?
How many television and radio channels did Sky Digital have the potential to carry?
Where was the Astra 2A satellite located?
When did BSkyB launch its HDTV service?
How many people had registered to receive the HD service prior to its launch?
What company was the manufacturer of BSkyB's STB?
How many customers had yet to receive the service due to failed deliveries?
What was the total number of homes with Sky+HD in 2012?
When did BSkyB announce its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels?
When did Setanta Sports announce that it would launch as a subscription service?
On what platform did Setanta Sports announce it would launch in March?
What did NTL change their name to?
What is one of the sports that BSkyB's four subscription channels would offer?
What is the term for broadcasts that do not require a monthly subscription?
What does free-to-view require?
What is the name of the receiver that needs to be used to view the encrypted content?
What band is the universal LNB?
What service is the VideoGuard UK equipped receiver dedicated to?
In what year were talks held for the broadcast rights for Premier League for a five year period?
Who were the current rights holders?
What did ITV increase their offer to?
Who did BSkyB join with to make a counter bid?
How much did BSkyB pay for the Premier League rights?
From whom is open access an enforced part of BSkyB's operating licence?
What is the range of the fee for access to BSkyB's EPG?
Does BSkyB have a veto over the presence of channels on their EPG?
Does BSkyB have control over the content or carriage issues of third-party channels?
Does BSkyB have control over the content or carriage issues of third-party channels?
When was BSkyB's digital service officially launched?
What was the name of BSkyB's digital service?
What is the name of the interactive service that BSkyB launched in 1998?
What was the original name of ITV Digital?
How many digiboxes were sold in the first 30 days?
When did Virgin Media re-brand?
What company started to offer HDTV in 2007?
What service did Virgin Media use to carry a modest selection of HD content?
What was the only linear HD channel Virgin Media carried from 2006 to 2009?
What channel did Virgin Media have an option to carry in the future?
How many homes did BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service reach in 2010?
How many people did BSkyB say they had reached?
When was the target first announced?
What percentage of households did BSkyB say they had reached their reach into?
What happened to the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe?
What was Shelbrooke's proposal?
What could the "Welfare Cash Card" be used to buy?
What did the UK's parliament claim that a subscription to BSkyB was?
What did the Daily Mail report that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants'?
What did the Daily Mail claim a subscription to sports channels would betray?
What is the annual carriage fee for the channels?
Is there an indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content that had previously been offered by BSkyB?
BSkyB and what other company agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other?
Who previously offered Video On Demand and High Definition content?
What type of channels did BSkyB and Virgin Media agree to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other?
What type of economy does Victoria have?
Where is Victoria's total gross state product ranked in Australia?
Where does Victoria rank in terms of GSP per capita?
What is the "sporting capital of Australia"?
What is the largest stadium in Australia?
Where in Victoria is the legacy of Chinese miners particularly strong?
Where were the Lambing Flat riots?
Where did an outbreak of typhoid kill over 1,000 miners?
How many Chinese miners died in Buckland Valley in 1854?
What were the conditions on the gold fields?
What type of representation system was introduced in 2006?
How many electorates were there in Victoria prior to 2006?
How many representatives did each electorate have?
How long is the term of the upper house members?
How often do elections for the Victorian Parliament occur?
What is the name of the centre-left party in Victoria?
What is the centre-right political party of Australia?
What is the name of the rural-based political party in Victoria?
Who won their first lower house seats in 2014?
What party is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs?
What percentage of Victorians describe themselves as Christian?
What percentage of Victorians are Roman Catholics?
What is the state's largest non-Christian religion?
How many Victorians are Buddhists?
What percentage of Victorians claim no religion?
In what part of Australia is Victoria located?
How is Victoria's population compared to other Australian states?
Where does Melbourne rank as Australia's largest city?
What is Australia's second-largest city?
Where does Melbourne rank in population among Australian cities?
What was the name of the Aboriginal peoples that lived in the area now constituting Victoria?
When did Great Britain claim the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian?
What was the name of the wider colony that Victoria was included in?
Where was the first settlement in the area?
When did the first settlement in the area occur?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of Victorian farmland is sown for wheat?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for hay?
What percentage of Australian pears do Victorian farms produce?
How many tonnes of tomatoes were produced in Victoria last year?
When was Victoria's written constitution enacted?
What was the Victoria Constitution Act 1855 based on?
Who can amend the Victorian Constitution?
What type of provisions require an absolute majority in both houses?
What was the 1855 colonial constitution passed by the United Kingdom Parliament called?
The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's what?
What is the average temperature in Melbourne during the summer?
What is the average winter temperature in Victoria?
What was Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II?
In what year was the highest maximum temperature recorded in Hopetoun?
What are public schools also known as?
Who runs public schools in Victoria?
What is levied on public schools in Victoria?
What is the name of the church that runs private parish schools in Victoria?
What standards must all schools in Victoria follow?
What has Victoria been the base for the manufacturing plants of?
What year did Toyota announce it would close its Melbourne plant?
When did Holden announce it was shutting down?
When will Ford's Victorian plants close?
What car brand's plant in Broadmeadows and Geelong will close in 2016?
How high do the Victorian alpine areas rise?
What is the highest peak in Victoria?
How high is Mount Bogong?
What is the Murray River system?
What is the state bird of Victoria?
What is the coldest part of Victoria?
The Victorian Alps are part of what mountain system?
In what direction does the Great Dividing Range mountain system extend through the centre of Victoria?
What is the average temperature in the highest parts of the Victorian Alps?
What was the lowest temperature recorded in Victoria in 1965?
What type of lines does V/Line operate over?
What is the name of the major railway operator in Melbourne?
Who owns the V/Line?
What does Pacific National, CFCL Australia operate?
What type of service does Metro Trains Melbourne offer?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian House of Representatives?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian Senate?
What is the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria?
What is the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria?
Who is the Governor of Victoria?
When were writs issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council?
In what year was the first Victorian Legislative Council established?
What was the name of the largest event the world has ever seen?
How much did the population of Victoria increase in ten years?
How much gold did Victoria produce in the decade 1851-1860?
How many public schools did Victoria have in August 2010?
How many Catholic schools were in Victoria in 2010?
How many students were enrolled in public schools in Victoria in 2010?
How many full-time teachers does Victoria have?
What percentage of private students attend Catholic schools?
What state is the center of dairy farming in Australia?
How many dairy cattle does Victoria have?
What percentage of Australia's dairy cattle are in Victoria?
How much of the nation's milk does Victoria produce?
Where is most abalone and rock lobster exported to?
What is the broad gauge of Victorian lines?
What is the standard gauge of the interstate trunk routes in the west of the state?
What gauge do two tourist railways operate over?
Where were the former government-owned lines built?
How many formerly government-owned lines were built in mountainous areas?
When was the colony of New South Wales founded?
What was the eastern half of Australia called in 1788?
What was the western half of Australia called?
Where was the colonial government of Australia located?
When was the Eureka Stockade?
Who crushed the Eureka Stockade?
What was the name of the 1854 miners' rebellion?
What did the Eureka Stockade cause colonial authorities to reduce?
What did the Imperial Parliament pass in 1855?
What does the Premier of Victoria have in the Legislative Assembly?
Who is the public face of Victoria's government?
What does cabinet consist of?
Who is the current Premier of Victoria?
How are the representatives in the cabinet of Victoria elected?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production during 2003-04?
How much did the gross value of Victorian agricultural production increase during 2003-04?
How many farms were there in Victoria in 2004?
How much of Victorian land was occupied by farms in 2004?
What percentage of the state's land is used for agriculture?
Major events play a big part in what in Victoria?
Along with cultural tourism, what type of tourism plays a big part in Victoria?
Most of the major events in Victoria are centred on what city?
Where do some of the major events occur?
Along with the Bright Autumn Festival and Bells Beach, what is a popular local festival in Victoria?
Where were the Huguenots concentrated?
How many French Catholics were there in 1562?
When were the Wars of Religion fought?
What was the name of the edict that ended the Wars of Religion?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
Where was the term Huguenot originally used?
Where was John Calvin's adopted home?
Who was the Swiss politician that may have been the source of the nickname Huguenot?
What was the name of the 1560 plot to wrest power in France from the House of Guise?
When was the Amboise plot?
What was important to the spread of the Protestant movement in France?
When was a French version of the Bible created?
Who created a French version of the Bible in 1294?
When was the first French version of the Bible printed?
In what city was a French version of the Bible printed in 1487?
Montpellier was among the most important of what?
What was one of the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté"?
What decree ended Protestant rule in 1629?
When did the royal army siege Montpellier?
When was the Edict of Alès passed?
Where did individual Huguenots settle?
Where did Maria de la Queillerie settle?
Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
What company did the first group of Huguenots set sail from the Netherlands to?
As late as what year did some Huguenots arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
When did the Huguenots sail to North America?
Who led the Huguenots to North America?
What was the name of the French church in New Amsterdam?
What is the current name of the French church in New Amsterdam?
Where were the first Europeans to live in New York?
Where did several Huguenots immigrate to after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
Who did the Huguenots buy the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations from?
Where was Rev. Elie Prioleau from?
When did the Huguenots petition the British Crown for the right to own land in the Baronies?
Where did many Huguenots settle in the early years?
Who was the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV?
What position did William III of Orange later become?
What was the name of the coalition that William III of Orange formed to oppose Louis and the French state?
What country did the French attack in 1672?
When did the French attack the Dutch Republic?
What did Louis XIV issue in 1685?
When was the Edict of Fontainebleau issued?
Who issued the Edict of Fontainebleau?
How many Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century?
What church opposed the Huguenots?
What was the height of the persecution of the Huguenots?
How many people were killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
What did the Huguenots use to retaliate against the French Catholics?
Why was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
When did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
Where did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
Who was a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism?
Who was Henry IV's successor?
What was the name of the three civil wars that broke out in southwestern France between 1621 and 1629?
How many Protestants live in France?
What percentage of France's population is Protestant?
Where are most of the Protestants in France concentrated?
What mountain region in the south of France still considers itself a Huguenot?
Where is the Huguenot Society of Australia located?
What was the name of the town that Huguenots settled in 21 miles north of New York?
Where is the "Huguenot Street Historic District" located?
What is the oldest street in the United States of America?
What does the "Huguenot Street Historic District" contain?
Where did a small group of Huguenots settle along the New York Harbor?
Which country received the largest group of Huguenot refugees?
How many Huguenot refugees came to the Dutch Republic?
What was the population of the Dutch Republic at the time of the Edict of Nantes?
What were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants?
What caused the largest group of Huguenot refugees to come to the Dutch Republic?
Where did the prétendus réformés gather at night?
What was the gate of King Hugo called?
Who was the gate of King Hugo rumored to be haunted by?
What group of people habitually gathered at the place in Tours?
When did the prétendus réformés gather in Tours?
Where is the block of houses in Turnagain Lane located?
What was the site of a weaving school?
What was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the City?
Where did the refugees settle elsewhere?
What has The Weavers been adapted into?
In what city is French Church Street located?
Where did a number of Huguenots serve as mayors?
In what city was D'Olier Street named after a High Sheriff?
Who is D'Olier Street in Dublin named after?
When was the French church in Portarlington built?
What did the exodus of Huguenots from France create?
Where did the French crown refuse to allow non-Catholics to settle?
Who did the French crown refuse to allow to settle in New France?
The French and Indian War was the North American front of what war?
When did the British defeat New France?
Who issued the Edict of Nantes?
When was the warfare definitively quelled?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
What did the Edict of Nantes discourage?
What religion did Henry of Navarre renounce?
What did the revocation of Protestant services require?
What did the revocation of Protestant services do?
How many Huguenots emigrated to the North American colonies?
What were the Huguenots who stayed in France called?
Where did many of the Huguenots flee to after the revocation?
Where did the first Huguenots seek freedom from persecution?
When did the French colonisers arrive in Brazil?
What was the name of the French colony in Brazil?
When was Fort Coligny destroyed?
What was the first Protestant confession of faith in the Americas?
What language do many families in South Africa speak?
What industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots?
Where in South Africa do many farms still bear French names?
What do many families today mostly Afrikaans speaking have that indicates their French Huguenot ancestry?
Who was descended from Huguenot refugees?
Who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina?
Where is the last active Huguenot congregation in North America?
What is the name of the church that the Huguenot Society of America maintains in Virginia?
What is the largest chapter of the Huguenot Society?
What industry was Bedfordshire one of the main centers of?
What is the name of the style of lace that demonstrates a Huguenot influence?
How many Huguenots settled in Dover?
When did Mechlin lace develop?
What were the names of the two new neighbourhoods created by the Huguenots in Berlin?
By 1700, what percentage of the city's population was French speaking?
Why did the Huguenots switch to German?
When did the Huguenots switch to German?
What were some congregations founded by the Huguenots?
Where did the Huguenots flee to?
What region of France did the Huguenots remain in large numbers?
What group rioted against the Catholic Church in the early 18th century?
What did the Camisards riot against?
When did the Camisards riot?
What is the current city of Florida called?
Who was the leader of the Norman Huguenots that established Fort Caroline?
What was the name of the first European settlement in the present-day continental United States?
Who did Pedro Menendez lead?
In what year did a French naval attack against the new Spanish colony at St. Augustine fail?
What was the name of the outpost that Jean Ribault founded on Parris Island, South Carolina?
Where was Charlesfort founded?
Who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline?
When did Jean Ribault lead an expedition to explore Florida and the Southeastern U.S.?
What prevented the return voyage of Jean Ribault's expedition?
Where did the French Huguenots migrate from England to?
Where did the English Crown promise the French Huguenots land grants?
What was the name of the abandoned Monacan village?
How many original settlers were there at Manakin Town?
When did the Virginia General Assembly pass an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown?
During what years did the Dutch Revolt take place?
What country did some Huguenots fight against in the Dutch Revolt?
What was the name of William the Silent's work condemning the Spanish Inquisition?
Who was the leader of the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule?
What was William the Silent's religion?
What act caused an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots to flee to England?
When was the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act passed?
How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England?
Who was the leading Huguenot theologian and writer?
What did Andrew Lortie criticize during Mass?
What war did the Huguenots fight for William of Orange?
Who did the Huguenot regiments fight for?
Where were significant Huguenot settlements in Ireland?
What did smaller settlements of Huguenots contribute to the expansion of?
What industry did Killeshandra contribute to the growth of?
Who arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland?
Who did Prince Louis de Condé arrange with to establish a Huguenot community in 1604?
What type of work did the Condés establish?
When did some members of the Huguenot community emigrate to the United States?
When was the Huguenot community established in Saarland?
Where did the bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
What religion did the bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
Where were the Huguenot émigrés allowed to worship freely?
Where did the Huguenot émigrés spread to?
Why did the Huguenot émigrés spread beyond Europe?
Who was the king of France before the Reformation?
What argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet?
Who is a supporter of the Hugues hypothesis?
What do Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to?
What do some disagree with?
Who was a professor at the University of Paris?
Where was Jacques Lefevre a professor?
When did Jacques Lefevre publish the whole Bible in the French language?
Who was a student of Jacques Lefevre?
Who was another student at the University of Paris who converted to Protestantism?
When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Who killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris?
How many Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse?
When was an amnesty granted for the perpetrators of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
How many Protestants were massacred in Paris by 17 September?
Who gained the throne in 1643?
What did Louis XIV do when he gained the throne?
How did Louis XIV try to convert the Huguenots to Catholicism?
What did Louis XIV do to the Huguenots?
What did Louis XIV use to force the Huguenots to convert?
In what county is New Rochelle located?
What was the name of the peninsula that the Huguenots landed on?
Who did the Huguenots purchase land from?
What was New Rochelle named after?
What is the name of the third church that was built in New Rochelle?
What did most of the Huguenot congregations in North America eventually do?
How did the Huguenots adapt quickly?
Who was a former student of Lavoisier?
When did the descendants of the Huguenots continue to use French first names and surnames for their children?
What did E.I. du Pont establish?
Who was one of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands?
Where did Pierre Bayle start teaching?
What was the name of Pierre Bayle's masterpiece?
Pierre Bayle's Historical and Critical Dictionary became one of the 100 foundational texts of what institution?
What is the name of the Huguenot patron?
What was established by Royal Charter in 1550?
When was the French Protestant Church of London established?
Where is the French Protestant Church of London now located?
Where did Huguenot refugees flock to?
When was the Old Truman Brewery founded?
In what states did Huguenot refugees find a safe haven?
Where did Huguenot refugees find a safe haven in 1685?
What document granted the Huguenots special privileges in Brandenburg-Prussia?
What was Frederick William's titles?
What did the Huguenots do for Frederick William's army?
Who invited Huguenots to settle in his realms?
What famous poet was a descendant of a Huguenot?
Who was the Luftwaffe General and fighter ace?
Who was the last Prime Minister of the East German Democratic Republic?
What is Thomas de Maizière's job?
Along with nuclear power and geothermal energy, what type of power can be used in a steam engine?
What is the ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze the process?
What does water transform into in the Rankine cycle?
At what pressure does the Rankine cycle operate?
What type of engine is a steam engine?
What was the first commercially successful true engine?
Who invented the atmospheric engine?
When was the atmospheric engine invented?
What was the atmospheric engine an improvement over?
Who proposed a piston for the atmospheric engine?
Where was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
When did the world's first railway journey take place?
Where did the first railway journey take place?
Where was Abercynon located?
In what part of Wales was Abercynon located?
What is used to recycle or top up the boiler water?
What type of water pump do utility and industrial boilers commonly use?
When did injectors become popular?
In what type of engines are injectors no longer used?
What is an injector used to supply?
How many expansion stages do triple and quadruple expansion engines use?
What is another name for a multiple expansion engine?
In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used on some marine triple expansion engines?
What type of engine used the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system?
What is an example of a class of passenger liner with a 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine?
What was the name of the first poppet valve gears?
Along with Stephenson and Walschaerts, what was an example of a simpler valve?
What is the usual compromise solution to provide lap?
What may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox?
What happens to the lead when the temperature of the firebox crown increases?
What happens when the temperature of the firebox crown melts?
What do operators do when the lead melts and the steam escapes?
What does steam escape have little effect on?
Who patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion?
What type of motion did James Watt's steam engine produce?
How many horsepower did James Watt's steam engine produce?
By what year were engines that could provide 10,000 hp feasible?
The stationary steam engine was a key component of what?
When was the first recorded rudimentary steam engine?
Who first described the aeolipile?
What nationality was the mathematician Hero of Alexandria?
Who described a steam turbine in 1629?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont receive patents for fifty steam powered inventions?
What type of engine came into widespread use at the end of the 19th century?
What were the first stages of compound engines called?
In what industry were double and triple expansion engines most common?
Along with electric motors, what type of engine replaced reciprocating steam engines in the 20th century?
What did double and triple expansion engines reduce the weight of?
Most electric power today is provided by what?
When did steam turbines begin to be used?
What is the maximum output of a reciprocating piston type steam engine?
What percentage of electric power is produced by steam turbines in the United States?
What type of power is produced in the United States using a variety of heat sources?
What is the most common source of heat for boiling water?
What is another name for a firebox?
What type of energy can be used to provide the heat for a steam engine?
What type of heating element can be used in a model or toy steam engine?
What is the most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines?
When were early versions of the steam engine indicator first used?
Who was the most successful inventor and manufacturer of the steam engine indicator?
Who developed the most successful indicator?
Where was the most successful indicator for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter exhibited?
At what angle are the LP cranks set in relation to each other?
At what angle are the individual pistons in a 4-cylinder compound usually balanced?
At what angle are the LP cranks set in relation to each other?
What is it called when the steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke?
How many piston strokes are there in a reciprocating piston engine?
How many revolutions does the complete engine cycle take?
How many events make up the complete engine cycle?
Along with admission, exhaust, compression and compression, what is the fourth event in a reciprocating piston engine?
What is a uniflow rotary steam engine where steam intakes in hot areas, while exhausting in cold areas?
What is the usual cycle of a uniflow engine?
What part of a uniflow engine is uncovered by the piston at the end of each stroke?
What type of steam engine does not require valves?
What is the pivot mounting in an oscillating cylinder steam engine called?
Along with toys, what is an oscillating cylinder steam engine mainly used for?
Where are oscillating cylinder steam engines most often used?
How is the working fluid in a Rankine cycle used?
What is another name for a Rankine cycle where the working fluid is recycled continuously?
What is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine?
What is the fluid of choice in an open loop system?
What limits the efficiency of a Rankine cycle?
What is the creep limit of stainless steel?
What is the creep limit of a steam turbine?
What is the theoretical Carnot efficiency?
What is the condenser temperature in a steam turbine?
What was the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution?
Along with railway locomotives, ships, road vehicles and road vehicles, what type of boat was powered by steam?
What is an example of a steam-powered automobile?
Along with mills and mines, in what industry did steam engines first see commercial use?
What did the use of steam engines in agriculture lead to?
What was the name of Trevorithick's final locomotive?
Who built Salamanca?
What type of locomotive was Salamanca?
What was the name of the railway that used the Salamanca?
For what railway was the Locomotion built?
Who invented the Woolf high-pressure compound engine?
What nationality was Arthur Woolf?
What can be reduced by staging the expansion in multiple cylinders?
To derive equal work from lower-pressure steam requires a larger what?
In the 19th century, what percentage of the world's electric production was by use of steam turbines?
What type of engines have almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications?
Along with reciprocating Diesel engines, what type of engines have almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications?
In the 1990s about 90% of the world's electric production was by what?
What has the recent widespread application of large gas turbine units and typical combined cycle power plants resulted in?
What is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine?
What happens to the waste heat from the Rankine cycle?
When did Rankine steam cycles generate about 90% of all electric power?
Along with coal and nuclear power plants, what type of power plants were powered by the Rankine cycle in the 1990s?
What nationality was William John Macquorn Rankine?
What was the historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency?
How many feet of duty did Watt's low-pressure designs average?
What was the average duty of a Newcomen design?
How many pounds of coal was one bushel of?
Who introduced the concept of duty?
What type of power generation began to rise in the 20th century?
What type of steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century?
What type of steam engine produces the majority of worldwide electric generation?
Along with electric motors, what type of engines were developed in the 20th century?
Who developed the first commercial steam-powered device?
What was the first commercial steam-powered device?
When was the first commercial steam-powered device developed?
Who improved the Savery engine to make it capable of working itself?
Who described Bento de Moura Portugal's improvement to the Savery engine in the Philosophical Transactions?
Who was the first to introduce high-pressure steam engines?
Along with Richard Trevithick, who introduced engines using high-pressure steam in 1801?
When did Trevithick get his patent?
What was the purpose of a high-pressure engine?
What did technological developments and improvements in manufacturing techniques lead to?
What company in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam?
Where is Energiprojekt AB located?
How many cylinders does Energiprojekt's engine have?
How many pounds of steam does Energiprojekt's engine use per kWh?
What percentage of efficiency does Energiprojekt's steam engine reach on high-pressure engines?
What do steam turbines in power stations use as a cold sink?
What is a dry cooling tower similar to?
Why is a dry cooling tower used?
What type of cooling tower is similar to an automobile radiator?
How many cubic metres of make-up water does a 700 megawatt coal-fired power plant use?
What type of governor was adopted by James Watt in 1788?
Who saw a centrifugal governor at a flour mill?
Where did Boulton & Watt see a centrifugal governor?
What was an example of an operation that did not require constant speed?
What could the governor not do?
After what year was compounding almost universal for marine engines?
What type of engine was not universally popular with compounding?
Why was compounding not universally popular in railway locomotives?
When did compounding stop being used in Britain?
What type of engine was almost universal after 1880?
How can speed and momentum be gained?
What is excessive compression called?
If the exhaust event is too brief, the totality of the exhaust steam cannot do what?
How long are the events of the simplest valve gears?
Who obtained the first patent for a steam engine in 1606?
What nationality was Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont?
When was the first patent for a steam engine granted?
In what year did Thomas Savery patent his steam pump?
When was Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine first used?
What are stators?
What are the rotors of a steam turbine mounted on?
What are stators?
Where are the stators of a steam turbine fixed to?
What is the typical speed of a steam turbine in the USA?
Is the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant higher or lower than an internal combustion engine?
Along with internal combustion engines, what has steam been largely superseded for mobile applications?
Most electric power is generated using what plant?
What is the movement that has caused a renewed interest in steam?
What has caused a renewed interest in steam?
What is an example of a pistonless rotary engine?
A Wankel engine replaces what parts of a conventional reciprocating steam engine?
Along with wear, what is a major problem with a rotary engine?
When did James Watt die?
What did James Watt add to his engine?
How much coal did Boulton and Watt's early engines use?
What was the name of the first "atmospheric" engine?
What did air pressure push into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam?
How many independent mechanisms do steam engines often possess?
What type of valve was traditionally held in the top of a boiler?
What type of safety valve is more recent?
What must be broken in order for an adjustable spring-loaded safety valve to be locked?
What did a driver fasten the valve down to allow?
What was the acme of the horizontal engine?
When was the Corliss steam engine patented?
How much less steam did the Corliss use?
How many valves did the Corliss steam engine have?
What award did Corliss receive?
What theory did the steam engine contribute to the development of?
Who discovered latent heat?
What did Watt's measurements on a model steam engine lead to the development of?
Who discovered latent heat?
What did Watt discover?
What is one of the principal advantages of the Rankine cycle?
In what phase is the working fluid in the Rankine cycle?
What percentage of power does the Rankine cycle consume?
What is the entry temperature of a gas turbine?
What is an example of a pump that provides water to the boiler?
What do condensers do?
What is used to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point?
What is another name for a supply bin?
What is the name of the mechanism that moves fuel from a supply bin to the firebox?
What was usually readily available to land-based steam engines?
What country invented the steam turbine?
What was the first warship to replace the reciprocating engine with the steam turbine?
Along with warships, what type of ship was the first to use the steam turbine?
When was the HMS Dreadnought built?
What does nuclear power plants heat to produce steam?
What drives the steam in a nuclear power plant?
What is the turbine connected to?
What type of propulsion is used by nuclear-powered ships and submarines?
In what country were non-condensing direct-drive locomotives used for express passenger work?
What is the Rankine cycle sometimes referred to as?
Where is heat addition and rejection located in the Rankine cycle?
What is isobaric?
What is the term for the constant temperature processes in the theoretical Carnot cycle?
In what form is the working fluid received from the condenser in the Rankine cycle?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
Along with hydrogen, what is the second most abundant element in the universe?
How many atoms of oxygen bind to form dioxygen?
How much of the Earth's crust is made up of oxide compounds?
What makes up 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere?
What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is diatomic oxygen gas?
What is the third most abundant element in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What is the current trend of atmospheric oxygen levels?
What is oxygen's mass in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What group is oxygen a member of?
What is an example of a compound that oxygen forms with most elements?
Where does oxygen rank in terms of mass in the universe?
What is the colorless and odorless diatomic gas that two atoms of oxygen bind to form?
What uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen?
What does photosynthesis use to produce oxygen from water?
What helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
Most of the mass of living organisms is what?
What is the major constituent of lifeforms?
What uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen?
What is the major constituent of lifeforms?
What protects the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
Who refined Boyle's work by showing that fire requires only a part of air?
What did John Mayow call the part of air that is used in respiration and combustion?
When did John Mayow die?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
What did John Mayow call the part of air that is used in respiration and combustion?
When did Robert Boyle prove that air is necessary for combustion?
In what process is nitroaereus consumed?
Who refined Boyle's work by showing that fire requires only a part of air?
Who conducted an experiment on August 1, 1774?
What was Joseph Priestley's profession?
What is mercuric oxide?
What did Joseph Priestley focus sunlight on?
What did Joseph Priestley focus sunlight on?
What did Joseph Priestley call the gas he created?
When did Priestley publish his findings?
Why was Priestley given priority in the discovery?
What did Priestley find about the mouse that made it live longer while breathing the gas?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion?
Who conducted the first known experiment on the relationship between combustion and air?
When was Philo of Byzantium a Greek writer?
How did Philo of Byzantium believe that some of the air in the vessel was converted into the classical element fire?
Who conducted the first known experiment on the relationship between combustion and air?
What element did Philo incorrectly believe that some of the air in the vessel was converted into?
What was the name of Philo's work on the relationship between combustion and air?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion?
What did Philo of Byzantium believe was converted into the classical element fire?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is oxygen?
What do high concentrated sources of oxygen promote?
What is released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What type of O2 was the Apollo 1 capsule pressurized with?
What is used as a fuel for the Apollo 1 crew?
What is the normal pressure of the Apollo 1 capsule?
What does the design and manufacture of O2 systems require?
Concentrated O2 allows what to proceed rapidly and energetically?
What is used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen?
What does the design and manufacture of O2 systems require?
Who died in a launch pad test?
What is the Earth's crustal rock composed of?
What is CO 2?
What part of the Earth is much larger than the crust?
What is CO 2?
What is composed in large part of oxides of silicon?
What part of the earth is much larger than the crust?
What part of the Earth is much larger than the crust?
What type of silicate minerals make up the rest of the Earth's crust?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were what?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that the atoms in compounds would normally have what type of atomic ratios?
What did Dalton assume water's formula was?
What did Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt show that water is formed of two volumes of?
What is the name of the law that Amedeo Avogadro used to determine water's composition?
Highly combustible materials were thought to be made mostly of what?
What type of substance contained very little phlogiston?
What did not play a role in phlogiston theory?
What was one of the first clues that the phlogiston theory was incorrect?
What happens to most common objects when they burn?
What is the bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms?
How many oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other in dioxygen?
What is the sequential, low-to-high energy, filling of orbitals, and cancellation of contributions from the 2s electrons called?
How are the two oxygen atoms bonded to each other in dioxygen?
The covalent double bond results from the filling of what?
When was oxygen discovered?
When was oxygen discovered?
Why is Joseph Priestley often given priority for discovering oxygen?
Who coined the name oxygen?
What theory of combustion and corrosion did Lavoisier discredit?
What is a configuration with two unpaired electrons with equal energy called?
What is the ground state of the O 2 molecule referred to as?
What prevents spontaneous combustion?
What type of combustion does triplet oxygen prevent?
What happens to the highest energy partially filled orbitals?
What did Lavoisier show was a mixture of two gases?
What did Lavoisier observe when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
What did Lavoisier observe when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
When was Lavoisier's book published?
What did Lavoisier's book Sur la combustion en général not support?
What is the layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere called?
What is the reactive form of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue?
What part of the body is damaged by ozone?
What does the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere function as for the planet?
What spectrum of radiation does ozone absorb strongly?
What is the common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth?
What is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere?
What part of the Earth's atmosphere is dioxygen?
Why is O2 used by complex forms of life?
What is the biological role of O2?
Who was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was James Dewar able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was the first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen developed?
What was used in 1901 to demonstrate welding?
What is more soluble in water than nitrogen?
What determines the solubility of oxygen in water?
How much oxygen does freshwater contain per liter?
What type of water contains about 4.95 mL of oxygen per liter?
How much more oxygen dissolves at 0 degrees Celsius than at 20 degrees Celsius?
Is oxygen the most or least abundant chemical element in the universe?
Where does oxygen rank in terms of most abundant chemical element in the universe?
What percentage of the sun's mass is oxygen?
What is the major component of the Earth's crust?
How is the O2 surrounding other planets produced?
When did scientists realize that air could be liquefied?
How could air be liquefied?
Who created a cascade method to liquefy sulfur dioxide?
How much liquid was produced in Cailletet's method?
When was oxygen liquified in stable state for the first time?
What planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the Earth?
What isotope of oxygen does the sun have a higher proportion of than the Earth?
What spacecraft returned a silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind in space?
What process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains that formed the Earth?
What planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the sun?
What is the name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O 2 in which all the electron spins are paired?
What is singlet oxygen more reactive towards than molecular oxygen?
During what process is singlet oxygen commonly formed?
How is singlet oxygen produced in the troposphere?
What plays a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen?
Who measures the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms?
Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what millions of years ago?
What percentage of oxygen-18 is found in water molecules that have a heavier isotope?
What isotope of oxygen is found in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms?
When does snow and rain from evaporated water tend to be higher in oxygen-16?
At what wavelengths do Oxygen's absorption bands peak?
What has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring from satellites on a global scale?
What has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring the carbon cycle on a global scale?
On what scale has it been proposed to monitor the carbon cycle from satellites?
What type of scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies in those bands to characterize plant health status?
What is the magnetic character of O2 molecules in the triplet form?
What is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight?
What type of electrons in the molecule impart magnetic character to oxygen when it is in a magnetic field?
What gives magnetic character to oxygen when it is in the presence of?
Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of what?
What are reactive oxygen species?
Why do parts of the immune system create peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen?
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the hypersensitive response of plants against what?
Oxygen is toxic to obligately what type of organisms?
When did O2 begin to accumulate in the atmosphere?
At what temperature does oxygen condenses?
What is the color of liquid and solid O2?
What is used to produce high purity liquid O2?
What is used as a coolant for liquid oxygen?
What must oxygen be segregated from?
Where does free oxygen occur in solution in the world?
At what temperature does the solubility of O2 increase?
Why do polar oceans support a higher density of life?
Water polluted with plant nutrients can stimulate the growth of what?
What do scientists measure to assess water quality?
When did photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolve?
During what eon did free oxygen first appear in significant quantities?
What did free oxygen and dissolved iron in the oceans form for the first billion years?
When did free oxygen reach 10% of its present level?
When did free oxygen begin to outgas from the oceans?
What is the cause of the unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth?
What type of cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth?
How many main reservoirs are there on Earth?
What releases oxygen into the atmosphere?
What gas on Earth is the result of the oxygen cycle?
What absorbs the nitrogen?
What percentage of O2 gas is produced by passing a stream of clean, dry air through a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves?
What gas is released from the other bed of zeolite?
What type of technology is increasingly used to produce oxygen?
What is the other method of producing O2 gas?
What is electrolysis of to produce oxygen?
What are the molecular formulae of oxygen gas?
What type of electricity must be used to produce oxygen gas?
What does electrocatalytic O2 evolution evolve from?
What type of catalysts can be used as well?
What type of use has oxygen had?
What is the supposed effect of oxygen?
What do professional athletes sometimes go off field to wear oxygen masks to get a "boost" in?
What is a more likely explanation for the pharmacological effect of oxygen?
What type of exercise is the only one that has been shown to provide a performance boost?
What uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O 2 around the patient and, when needed, the medical staff?
What does increased O 2 concentration in the lungs help to displace from the heme group of hemoglobin?
What causes gas gangrene?
What occurs in divers who decompress too quickly after a dive?
What is used to treat emphysema?
What part of the body does oxygen supplementation help to reduce the work load on?
What is used in medicine?
What is the essential purpose of oxygen?
What is the body's ability to take up and use?
Why does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
What is wüstite written as?
Aluminium and titanium become coated with a thin film of what?
What does the coating of oxide on the surface of metals slow?
What is an emergency supply of O2 automatically supplied to passengers traveling in commercial airplanes in case of?
What type of oxygen generators do sudden cabin pressure loss activate?
What type of reaction produces a steady stream of oxygen gas?
What is produced by the exothermic reaction?
What is another method of transporting oxygen?
What is used to refill bulk liquid oxygen storage containers?
In what form is oxygen often transported in bulk?
What form of oxygen is used in portable medical applications?
Along with other institutions with a need for large volumes of pure oxygen gas, what is an example of an institution that might need to refill liquid oxygen storage containers?
What is an important class of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
What is one of the most important classes that contain oxygen?
What are acetone and phenol used for?
What are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms?
Are alcohols and ethers the most or least important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
Where is the element oxygen found in almost all?
How many common complex biomolecules contain no oxygen?
What contains the largest proportion of oxygen?
Along with fats, fatty acids, amino acids and amino acids, what is an example of a molecule that contains oxygen?
In what part of the body is calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite found?
What can also occur in deep scuba diving?
What is the permanent effect of prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O 2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa?
What is the maximum O2 partial pressure that can cause convulsions?
What is the most feared effect for divers?
What is the most feared effect of acute oxygen toxicity?
Why does breathing pure O2 in space cause no damage?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas?
How much more than sea-level O 2 partial pressure is 30 kPa?
How much damage does breathing pure O2 in space cause?
Is the O 2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood more or less than normal sea-level O2 partial pressure?
When can oxygen gas be toxic?
At what level of partial pressure does oxygen toxicity usually begin to occur?
What is the composition of O2 at standard pressure?
What type of device is not a problem when it comes to oxygen toxicity?
What percentage of O2 is typically used in medical applications?
When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?
What was the price of oil at the end of the 1973 oil embargo?
When was the second oil crisis?
What was the 1973 oil crisis later called?
Who declared an oil embargo in 1973?
Why did some European nations and Japan want to disassociate themselves from US foreign policy in the Middle East?
What did the Nixon administration do to address the conflict?
When did Henry Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula?
When did Arab oil producers lift the embargo?
When did the US leave the Bretton Woods Accord?
What was the value of the dollar left to do?
What did the industrialized nations do to increase their money supplies?
When did OPEC issue a communiqué stating that they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold?
Why did oil producers' real income decrease?
How much did the dollar price of oil increase from 1947 to 1967?
When did OPEC slow to readjust prices to reflect the depreciation of the dollar?
When did OPEC's prices return to Bretton Woods levels?
When did the price of oil stay stable?
When did Syria and Egypt launch a surprise attack on Israel?
What country was the world's second largest oil exporter?
How much did the Shah of Iran say you should pay for oil?
What country was the world's second largest oil exporter?
What released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices?
Why did OPEC raise the price of oil on October 16, 1973?
When did OPEC raise the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11?
How long did OPEC agree to continue to cut production?
How much money did Nixon ask Congress to appropriate for emergency aid to Israel?
What caused OPEC to raise the price of oil?
How much money did Saudi Arabia spend in the ensuing decades for helping spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam?
What groups did the al-Haramain Foundation give money to?
In what part of the world did Saudi Arabia's arms purchases increase political tensions?
What was the cause of lower prices for export commodities?
What is the name of Saudi Arabia's fundamentalist interpretation of Islam?
What has been held responsible for recessions, periods of excessive inflation, reduced productivity, and lower economic growth?
The possibility that the Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with what country was of more concern to the US than oil?
When did scholars argue that there already existed a negotiated settlement based on equality?
Who was the leader of the United States in 1973?
What caused oil companies to look for new ways to increase oil supplies?
What was an example of an industry that was affected by the price increases?
What consisted of inflationary and deflationary impacts?
In what rugged terrain did the embargo leave oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies?
How long did it usually take to find and develop new oil fields?
Which European country faced a complete embargo?
What country refused to allow the UK and France to use their airfields?
Which country was an ally of Israel?
What country did Harold Wilson support during the Six-Day War?
Who was Harold Wilson's successor?
Which country faced an oil crisis of its own?
What caused the change of government in 1973-74?
When did a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers occur in the UK?
Along with the UK, Italy, Switzerland and Norway, what country banned flying, driving and boating on Sundays?
What country rationed gasoline?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
What was the purpose of allowing new oil to be sold at a higher price?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
How was scarcity addressed in many countries?
Who was the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
When was William E. Simon named the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
What was the purpose of the Federal Energy Office?
When did the American Automobile Association report that 20% of American gasoline stations had no fuel?
What was the national maximum speed limit in 1974?
What was the name of the act that imposed a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph?
Who signed the National Highway Designation Act?
When did Bill Clinton sign the National Highway Designation Act?
When was the cabinet-level Department of Energy created?
What led to greater interest in renewable energy?
What do critics of American energy policies say they ignore?
Who has repeatedly backed policies that promise solutions that are politically expedient, but whose prospects are doubtful?
Who was distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries?
Who ordered a British intelligence estimate of the US's intentions?
How long did intelligence say the American occupation would last?
Who did intelligence say the US occupation would result in the total alienation of?
Which country was the most dependent on Arab oil?
What percentage of Japan's imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970?
What did Japan receive in December of 1973?
On what date did Japan issue a statement stating that Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories?
When was Japan considered an Arab-friendly state?
What was one sign of insecurity in the region?
Which two countries were competing for preeminence in the Persian Gulf?
Which country had a large amount of arms purchases from the US in 1979?
When did the Shah lose control of Iran?
When was the Grand Mosque seized by Wahhabi extremists?
What did the crisis reduce the demand for?
What became de facto standards?
What type of engines were more fuel efficient than Japanese imports?
What country became mass-market leaders with unibody construction and front-wheel drive?
When did the oil crisis occur?
What was the name of the larger car that Toyota and Nissan introduced?
Along with air conditioning and AM-FM radios, what feature was added to the Datsun 810?
Along with Infiniti and Acura, what luxury brand did Honda, Toyota, and Nissan establish in the US?
What was the name of the compact truck that was introduced after the oil crisis?
What did Mitsubishi rename the Forte to?
Who did Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu have joint partnerships with?
What did the introduction of the Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15 end?
What caused General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales?
The Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon and the Chevrolet Chevette had room for what?
In what year did the average American vehicle move 17.4 miles per gallon?
Along with the Mercury Marquis, what luxury sedan became popular in the mid-1970s?
What was the only full-size model that did not recover?
By what year had virtually all "full-size" American cars shrunk?
In what year did Chrysler end production of their full-sized luxury sedans?
What compacts were a precursor to the DOT "downsize" revision?
When did OPEC lose its preeminent position?
During what decade did the world price of oil begin to decrease?
Why did Saudi Arabia increase production?
What was the peak price of oil during the 1979 energy crisis?
What was the name of the first American to go into space?
Who carried out the Apollo program?
When was the first manned flight of Apollo?
During which president's administration was the Apollo program first conceived?
How many people were on Project Gemini?
When did the Apollo program run?
What program supported the Apollo program from 1962 to 1966?
Who was the partner in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project?
What was the name of the space station that supported three manned missions in 1973-74?
When did the Apollo 1 cabin fire occur?
What caused the Apollo 1 cabin fire?
What forced the cancellation of three of the Apollo missions?
How many of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings?
What prevented the Apollo 13 landing?
What was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body?
What was the final mission to the Moon?
How many pounds of lunar rocks and soil did the Apollo program return to Earth?
What areas of technology did the Apollo program help advance?
How many people could the Mercury capsule carry on a limited Earth orbital mission?
How many astronauts would the Apollo program carry?
Who was the manager of the Apollo program?
Along with ferrying crews to a space station and circumlunar flights, what was one possible mission for the Apollo program?
When was the Apollo program conceived?
In what year was the Apollo program announced?
Who led NASA's own in-house spacecraft design studies?
How many study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair?
Who was the Deputy Administrator of NASA in 1960?
Who was elected president in 1960?
Who did John F. Kennedy promise American superiority over in the fields of space exploration and missile defense?
Why was Kennedy put off the Apollo program?
Who was the NASA Administrator in 1960?
What did Kennedy speak out against in 1960?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
How long after Gagarin's flight did the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics meet?
How did Kennedy respond to the news of Gagarin's flight?
On what date did Kennedy send a memo asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program?
Who was the Vice President of the United States at the time of Kennedy's memo?
How long did Johnson respond to Kennedy's memo?
What did Johnson conclude about the US's space program?
Who was given authority to grow his organization into a new NASA center?
Where was the Space Task Group located?
Where was the Manned Spacecraft Center located?
Who donated the land for the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Where was the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station located?
Where was the Launch Operations Center located?
Who was the first director of the Launch Operations Center?
What position did Kurt H. Debus hold at the Launch Operations Center?
Who died on November 29, 1963?
How many launch pads were planned?
What was tested in two vacuum chambers?
At what altitude could the Apollo spacecraft be tested?
How large was the Vertical Assembly Building?
Who did Administrator Webb recruit for a high management job?
When did Webb announce Mueller's appointment as Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
Who was the previous Associate Administrator of Manned Space Flight?
Who was appointed Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight in 1963?
What industry experience did General Samuel C. Phillips have?
What branch of the military was Samuel C. Phillips in?
Who did Mueller recruit to manage the Apollo program?
How long did General Samuel C. Phillips manage Apollo?
What position did General Samuel C. Phillips receive from Mueller?
What did many engineers fear would be difficult in lunar orbit?
In what year did John Houbolt campaign for the recognition of LOR as a viable and practical option?
Who was the Associate Administrator of NASA in 1961?
Who was the head of the ad-hoc committee that recommended a launch vehicle for the Apollo program?
When was the ad-hoc committee established?
What center began to come around to support LOR in late 1961?
Who became a champion of LOR?
Where was the MSFC located?
Who was Kennedy's science advisor?
Who did Wiesner hire to chair his own "Space Vehicle Panel"?
Who did Golovin leave?
When was the formal announcement of NASA's decision to land men on the Moon?
Who blurted out "No, that's no good"?
What did Wiesner blurted out during a presentation by von Braun?
What does LEM stand for?
Who did NASA choose to build the Lunar Excursion Module?
What did the LOR method allow the lander to do?
On what mission did an oxygen tank explosion leave the command ship without electrical power?
What did the Lunar Module provide to the crew?
In what year was the LM dropped as a lifeboat?
What shape was the command module in Maxime Faget's preliminary Apollo design?
What does CSM stand for?
How many men would the Lunar Excursion Module carry to the lunar surface?
How many astronauts was the Command Module designed to carry?
The Command Module was designed to carry three astronauts from launch to lunar orbit and back to what?
What was the exterior of the Command Module covered with?
What was carried to slow the CM's descent to splashdown?
How much did the Command Module weigh?
What supported the Command Module?
What was used for long-distance communications on the lunar flights?
What happened to the Service Module just before re-entry?
How much did the initial lunar flight version of the Command Module weigh?
What was carried on the extended lunar missions?
Who won the contract to build the CSM?
How much more thrust was the service propulsion engine needed for translunar flight?
When did a program definition study conclude that Block I should be continued?
What was the second stage of?
How many astronauts did the Lunar Module carry to the Moon?
Is the Lunar Module designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere or return to Earth?
How much did the initial LM model weigh?
How long could an Extended Lunar Module stay on the Moon?
Who was the Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center?
Where did von Braun work before moving to NASA?
When was the decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous made?
What did the first four Saturn I test flights carry?
When were the first five boilerplate CSMs launched?
What did the last three Saturn I test flights carry?
What did the Pegasus satellites measure?
What was an upgraded version of the Saturn I?
How much thrust did the S-IVB-200 produce?
What was the S-IVB used as?
How much weight could the Saturn IB send into low Earth orbit?
What was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon?
How tall was the Saturn V?
How many stages did the Saturn V have?
What did the second and third stages of the Saturn V do?
From what two projects were the Apollo astronauts chosen?
How many missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans?
Who was the first NASA scientist to fly in space?
On what mission did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
On what mission did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
How many astronauts were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal?
What was the highest honor given to the Apollo astronauts?
When were the medals given to Grissom, White, and Chaffee?
Why were the crew of Apollo 7 awarded the lesser NASA Exceptional Service Medal?
What was the last mission to receive the Distinguished Service Medal?
When were two Block I CSMs launched from LC-34?
What was the altitude of the first Block I CSM launched?
How far did the second Block I CSM go downrange?
Along with the Service Module engine, what was tested on the first two Block I CSMs?
What type of LM test flight was AS-206?
What did the astronauts begin wearing on the first Block II mission?
What was replaced with a clear "fishbowl" type?
What was included in the lunar surface EVA suit?
Along with Commander and CMP, what was the LMP?
Who was the Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs?
What was Deke Slayton's previous career?
In what year was the first Apollo crew selected?
Who was the first Pilot of the first Apollo crew?
What was the name of the first Apollo crew?
What happened to the AS-205 mission in 1966?
When was the dual mission of AS-205/208 and AS-258 planned for?
What was the new name of the dual mission?
What were Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham reassigned to?
Who was the program director of the North American program?
What did program director Samuel Phillips head?
When was the Lunar Module supposed to be ready for manned flight?
Who was the Manned Space Flight Administrator in 1965?
Where did Grissom, White, and Chaffee test their spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center?
Who decided to name their flight Apollo 1?
What would the plugs-out test simulate on LC-34?
Where did Grissom, White, and Chaffee train and conduct tests of their spacecraft?
What caused the crew to delay the sealing of the hatch?
When did the plugs-out test begin?
What started in the cabin during the plugs-out test?
What happened to the astronauts before the hatch could be opened?
What was the atmosphere in the atmosphere during the plugs-out test?
Who was the accident review board overseen by?
What did the review board conclude existed in the Command Module design, workmanship and quality control?
Who did Webb replace Joseph Francis Shea with?
When did NASA convene an accident review board?
What did NASA use instead of pure oxygen before and during launch?
What was removed from the Block II spacecraft?
What did the Block II design call for the replacement of the Block I plug-type hatch cover with?
What did NASA do with the manned Block I program?
What type of space suits did the crew of the Block II spacecraft wear?
What did Mueller approve in 1967?
What had to be accomplished before the next one could be performed?
What were used instead of numbers?
What was the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
What did the Command Module have that allowed it to survive a trans-lunar reentry?
When was the second unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
What was the name of the last test of the Saturn V before NASA declared it ready to fly men?
What was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
Where was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
Who wanted a second unmanned test of the LM?
What was the result of the first test of the LM engines?
What is the abort mode of the ascent engine called?
What did the crew of Apollo 8 launch on instead of the Saturn V?
What was the name of the Soviet spacecraft that sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968?
On what day did the Apollo 8 mission transmit pictures of the Moon?
What did ASPO Manager George Low suggest sending Apollo 8 to instead of the D mission?
Who did the Soviet Union plan to send to the Moon in 1968?
What was the name of the spacecraft that carried the Apollo 11 crew?
When was the G mission achieved on Apollo 11?
What did the crew of the Apollo 11 mission send back to Earth?
Who were the crew members of the Apollo 11 mission?
On what date did the Apollo 11 crew return to Earth?
On what Gemini mission did Conrad and Bean land?
What was the name of the probe that landed on the Ocean of Storms in 1967?
What did Conrad and Bean do with some of the Surveyor 3 parts?
What was the first lunar surface color television camera accidentally pointed into?
What would be carried on the final five missions to the Moon?
What was revised for the extended missions?
How many landing sites did NASA announce?
How long would the CMP stay on the Moon?
What did NASA plan to increase in the CSM and LM?
What caused the Apollo 13 crew to use the LM as a "life boat"?
Who were the remaining two crew members of the Apollo 13 mission?
What happened to Apollo after the oxygen tank exploded?
What caused the Apollo 13 crew to use the LM as a "life boat"?
When was Apollo 13 launched?
What was the name of the first Apollo mission to launch the Skylab?
What happened to NASA's yearly budget after the successful landing of Apollo 20?
What did the two unused Saturn Vs become?
In what year was the decision made to cancel missions 18 and 19?
How old are the rocks collected from the Moon?
How old are the rocks from the highlands?
What geochemical component has no known terrestrial counterpart?
What is the name of the important rock found during the Apollo Program?
What is never seen on Earth rocks?
Almost all the rocks show evidence of what?
What is impact melt?
What was the approximate cost of the Apollo program in 2005 dollars?
How many Saturn V rockets did NASA purchase?
What was the estimated cost of the Apollo program from 1959 to 1973?
What is another name for the Apollo Extension Series?
What was the name of the larger orbital workshop built in orbit from an empty S-IVB Saturn upper stage?
The most ambitious plan called for using an empty S-IVB as an interplanetary spacecraft for a fly-by mission to what planet?
When was the Skylab launched?
Where was the Skylab constructed?
When did the last crew of the Skylab leave the station?
What was the solar telescope that would have been used on the Apollo Telescope Missions?
What did NASA use in 2009?
What was the last mission to leave a flag on the Moon?
What is the degree to which the flags left on the Moon retain their original colors?
What was the name of the crew that sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon?
What book did the crew of Apollo 8 read from on Christmas Eve?
What percentage of the population of the world saw the Christmas Eve transmission?
What did the Apollo 8 mission and Christmas provide to 1968?
What was used to record the Moon landing data?
Why was the Apollo TV camera not compatible with broadcast TV?
What caused NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration?
What did NASA use instead of magnetic tapes?
Who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera?
Who compiled the Apollo 11 data?
How was the video processed to remove random noise and camera shake?
Along with tapes from Australia, the CBS News archive, and Johnson Space Center, what was the source of the Apollo 11 video?
Who was given the task of restoring the Apollo 11 data?
In what color was the Apollo 11 video restored?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What is European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What are the secondary sources of European Union law?
What are the two main bodies of the European Union's legislature?
What is European Union law?
What effects do Regulations and Directives have on the laws of European Union member states?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the two main bodies of the European Union's legislature?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What is the legislature of the European Union primarily composed of?
How many sources of European Union law are there?
Who applies European Union law?
Where the laws of member states provide lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by what?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state in case of European Union law that should have been transposed into the laws of member states?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with case law and general principles of European Union law, what is a supplementary source of EU law?
Who applies European Union law?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state in case of European Union law that should have been transposed into the laws of member states?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with case law and general principles of European Union law, what is a supplementary source of EU law?
Who applies European Union law?
Where the laws of member states provide lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by what?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What are other sources of European Union law?
What are the EU's primary constitutional sources?
Who has the initiative to propose legislation?
Who elects the European Parliament?
What is the supreme judicial body that interprets EU law?
What is the name of the body that appoints the Commissioners and the board of the European Central Bank?
What is the core treaty of the EU?
What is an example of a region that the TEU specifically excludes from the jurisdiction of European Union law?
Can the Court of Justice of the European Union rule on the validity of treaties?
When can individuals rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union?
When do treaties apply?
What are the core treaties of the EU?
What are two territories where a member state is responsible for external relations?
How long do treaties apply?
Who can interpret the Treaties?
When did the principal Treaties that form the European Union begin?
What treaties established the formal institutions of the European Union?
When did Greenland sign a treaty giving it a special status?
When did Norway join the European Union?
What country signed a treaty in 1985 giving it a special status?
What did the principal Treaties that form the European Union begin with?
When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
When was the Single European Act signed?
When did the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway join the European Union?
When did Greenland sign a treaty giving it a special status?
When was there an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union?
What caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to not come into force?
How similar was the Lisbon Treaty to the proposed constitutional treaty?
What was the Lisbon Treaty formally?
What did the Lisbon Treaty do?
What was the Nice Treaty?
What would have happened if the Nice Treaty had been enacted?
What caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to never come into force?
What was enacted instead of the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe?
What is the main executive body of the European Union?
Who has a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How many Commissioners are there?
Who is the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?
What article of the Treaty on European Union states that Commissioners should be completely independent?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How are decisions taken by the Commission?
What country refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007?
Who are the unelected subordinates of member state governments?
What Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999?
Why did the European Court of Justice hold that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job for which he was clearly unqualified did not break any law?
What group found that few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
Who appoints the board of the European Central Bank?
Does the President of the Council and a Commissioner have voting rights in ECB meetings?
When was the Santer Commission censured by Parliament?
What was the main case that resulted in the European Court of Justice holding that a Commissioner giving a dentist a job for which he was clearly unqualified did not break any law?
Who found that few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
What did the Committee of Independent Experts found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had "even the slightest sense of responsibility"?
When did the European Anti-fraud Office investigate the Maltese Commissioner for Health?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
Why is equality and democracy deficient in the EU?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
How much of a majority is required to censure the Commission?
What does the Treaty on European Union articles 9 and 10 say?
Who has a monopoly on initiating legislation?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
When were the first direct elections held?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What is the largest party in the European Parliament?
Who makes up the Council?
Who is the President of the European Council?
How is voting weighted to member state size?
How many votes are there in the Council?
How many votes does the Council have?
What is the second main legislative body of the EU?
How often does the Council meet?
How many votes are there in the Council?
What does TEU article 16(4) and TFEU article 238(3) define this to mean?
How many MEPs must vote to block a Commission proposal?
What must the Council vote by to approve changes?
Is it easier or harder to change EU law than stay the same?
What articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
Who believes it has the final say?
What defines the "ordinary legislative procedure"?
What does the "Conciliation Committee" mean?
What articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
What is convened when the different institutions cannot agree on a joint text?
What has played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
How many judges are there in the EU?
Most EU law is applied by what?
What is the CJEU's duty?
How has the judicial branch of the EU played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
What is the name of the tribunal that deals with EU staff issues?
How long is the term of the president of the European Union?
What is the CJEU's duty?
What does the Court of Justice say has primacy if a provision of national law conflicts with the EU's own?
Why did the Italian Constitutional Court say that Costa had no claim?
What years did the company Simmenthal SpA claim that a public health inspection fee for importing beef from France to Italy was contrary to?
Who has had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems?
When was the first major case of Costa v ENEL?
Who said EU law has primacy if EU law conflicts with a provision of national law?
What takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties?
What do member states not accept that the Court of Justice has the final say on?
When was the European Communities Act enacted?
What does the German Constitutional Court say the EU's legitimacy rests on?
What does the German Constitutional Court say the EU cannot override?
What binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
When were citizens or corporations said to not be allowed to bring claims against other non-state parties?
What actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review?
What concerns the European Union's governance structure?
What case held that the provisions of the Treaties are directly effective?
What prevented the Dutch Customs Authorities from charging tariffs?
What was Van Gend en Loos?
What are EU Regulations the same as?
What do not generally give citizens standing to sue other citizens?
How many paid holidays does the Working Time Directive require?
Most member states require more than what in national law?
When did Advocate Generals argue that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?
What happens if a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met?
Can a citizen or company invoke a Directive?
How many years did Kücükdeveci work for Swedex GmbH & Co KG?
Which company did Mrs Foster bring a sex discrimination claim against?
What did British Gas make women retire at?
Who has a duty to interpret domestic law?
What did the First Company Law Directive article 11 require?
Why was Francovich v Italy decided?
How much did Francovich claim in damages from the Italian government?
Who developed the principles of European Union law?
What are the accepted general principles of European Union Law?
How long has the European Court of Justice recognized the principle of proportionality?
Where is the principle of proportionality recognized in the EC Treaty?
What must be adopted when there is a choice between several appropriate measures?
How long has the European Court of Justice recognized the concept of legal certainty?
The concept of legal certainty is an important general principle of what?
The adoption of laws which will have legal effect in the European Union must have what?
Where does the doctrine of legitimate expectation originate from?
Where does the European Court of Justice draw inspiration from?
The European Court of Justice cannot uphold measures which are incompatible with what?
How many of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights?
Who should be prevented from violating human rights?
When was the European Convention on Human Rights established?
What is the European Court of Justice?
When was the European Council tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?
When was the Lisbon Treaty signed?
What document has become an integral part of European Union law?
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has become an integral part of what?
Who enforces the Charter and the Convention?
The Social Chapter is a chapter of what treaty?
When was the Social Chapter of the Treaty of Amsterdam created?
When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?
How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?
How many pieces of legislation did the Social Charter become the basis for?
How many member states adopted the Social Charter in 1989?
Who was the only member state to veto the Social Charter being included as the "Social Chapter"?
What was the Protocol on Social Policy to become known as?
When was the Social Charter added to the Maastricht Treaty?
What caused the UK to formally subscribe to the Agreement on Social Policy in 1997?
In what year was the Agreement on Social Policy added to the Treaty of Amsterdam?
What law required workforce consultation in businesses?
When was the Parental Leave Directive passed?
What did the 1994 Works Council Directive require?
Who were the members of the European Coal and Steel Community?
When was the European Coal and Steel Community signed?
What did Article 65 of the ECSC ban?
What article of the ECSC banned cartels?
When were competition rules included in the Treaty of Rome?
What article of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements?
What does Article 102 prohibit?
What articles provide that a member state's right to deliver public services may not be obstructed?
What article prohibits the abuse of dominant position?
When was the concept of a "social market economy" introduced into EU law?
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
What is the goal of breaking down barriers to trade?
What was originally theorised to give way to a customs union?
Who has taken the view that the specific goals of free trade are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty for improvement of people's well being?
How is free movement of goods within the European Union achieved?
Who did the Belgian law requiring Scotch whisky imports to have a certificate of origin discriminate against?
What can states be responsible for?
In what case were French farmer vigilantes sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries?
What did Austria fail to ban?
What was the minimum alcohol content of German liqueurs?
Where did Rewe-Zentrale AG want to import Cassis de Dijon?
When was Commission v Italy?
What was all Italian chocolate made from?
In Commission v Italy Italian law required that cocoa products that included other vegetable fats could not be labelled as "chocolate"?
What two importers claimed that their prosecution under a French competition law was unlawful?
What was the aim of the law?
In what case did the Court of Justice review Swedish bans on advertising to children under age 12?
Under what law did the EU harmonize restrictions on restrictions on marketing and advertising?
What did the Treaties seek?
What originally focused on free movement of workers?
What was free movement increasingly based on?
In what case did a German man claim the right to residence in the Netherlands?
What did the Court of Justice hold that Mr Steymann was entitled to?
What articles of the Free Movement of Workers Regulation set out the main provisions on equal treatment of workers?
What was the name of the Belgian footballer who claimed that he should be able to transfer from R.F.C. de Liège?
What language did Groener have to speak to teach in Dublin?
In Angonese v. Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano SpA, what did the Court of Justice decide?
In Angonese v. Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano SpA, what did the Court of Justice decide?
What has increasingly been seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice?
What has citizenship of the EU increased?
What case held that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students?
Along with other forms of vocational training, what has the Court required more access to?
What protects the "freedom of establishment"?
How would the requirements to be registered in Milan be allowed?
What case held that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he lacked Belgian nationality was unjustified?
What article of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union protects the "freedom of establishment"?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs was not a restriction?
When did a toxic waste spill off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire cause the Commission to look into legislation against toxic waste?
What was Spain not even having a crime against?
When did the Court of Justice rule that the Commission could not propose what the criminal sanctions could be?
When was the competence for the Union to do this contested at the Court of Justice?
What does TFEU article 56 apply to?
Why did Van Binsbergen move to Belgium?
What was controlled in all member states?
What did the Dutch health authorities consider unnecessary?
What newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands without first settling its tax bills in the UK?
How much capital did UK law require to start a company?
What was the minimum amount of capital a company could have to start up in Denmark?
What could restrictions on freedom of establishment be justified by?
What case did the Court of Justice hold that a German court could not deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract in Germany?
What is another name for the Amazon rainforest?
How much of the Amazon basin is covered by the rainforest?
How many nations are in the Amazon rainforest?
How many countries have "Amazonas" in their names?
How many rainforests are there on Earth?
What is the Dutch name for the Amazon rainforest?
What is the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world?
Where is the majority of the Amazon rainforest located?
How much of the planet's remaining rainforests does the Amazon represent?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon?
What type of forest is the Amazon?
How large is the Amazon basin?
How many nations are in the Amazon basin?
Where is the majority of the Amazon rainforest located?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon?
What caused the tropical rainforest to spread across the continent?
What has happened during the last 34 million years
When did the Oligocene period occur?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
How did the rainforest survive during the glacial periods?
What may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
From 66-34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as what temperature?
What has allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
During what period did the rainforest span a relatively narrow band?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
What event may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread across the continent?
When did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
When did the rainforest expand again?
When did the rainforest retreat to a mostly inland formation?
How long have climate fluctuations allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
What direction did the water flow from the Purus Arch?
What is the name of the lake that was created as the Andes Mountains rose?
When did the water in the Solimões Basin break through the Purus Arch?
What happened to the water when it broke through the Purus Arch?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
Where did water on the eastern side of the Amazon flow to?
What body of water did the western side of the Amazon flow toward?
Where did water flow from the western side of the Amazon to the Pacific?
What is the name of the lake that was created as the Andes Mountains rose?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
What divided the drainage basin of the Amazon during the mid-Eocene?
Where did water on the eastern side of the Amazon flow to?
What body of water did the western side of the Amazon flow toward?
What is the name of the lake that was created as the Andes Mountains rose?
What is the name of the period that preceded the deglaciation?
What does the evidence from sediment deposits from the Amazon basin paleolakes and the Amazon Fan indicate?
What do some scientists argue that happened to the rainforest during the LGM?
Is it easy or difficult to resolve the debate over the extent of the reduction of the Amazon rainforest?
Are both explanations supported by the available data?
How many years has the Last Glacial Maximum lasted?
What are the two major changes in the Amazon rainforest vegetation over 21,000 years?
What type of deposits from the Amazon basin paleolakes indicate that rainfall in the basin was lower than for the present?
What is the likely cause of the lower rainfall in the Amazon basin during the LGM?
How many years has the Last Glacial Maximum lasted?
What type of deposits from the Amazon basin paleolakes indicate that rainfall in the basin was lower than for the present?
What type of vegetation was reduced in the Amazon basin during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What did some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small refugia separated by?
Why is it difficult to resolve the debate over the amount of changes in the Amazon rainforest?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far does the dust travel from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Where do 27.7 million tons of dust fall over?
How much dust remains in the air?
What has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How much dust falls over the Amazon basin?
How much dust remains in the air?
How much dust falls on the Caribbean Sea?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Who has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far does the dust travel from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust falls over the Amazon basin?
What is the name of the book that Betty Meggers wrote?
What was Betty Meggers' population density estimate for the Amazon?
What did Betty Meggers believe was the only way to sustain a large population in the Amazon?
What type of findings have suggested that the Amazon rainforest was actually densely populated?
How many people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
Why was it impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture?
Who was a prominent proponent of this idea?
What was Betty Meggers' population density estimate?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
Who was a prominent proponent of this idea?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
What did Betty Meggers claim was the maximum population density in the Amazon?
How many people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
What was the population of the Amazon in the early 1980s?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Orellana claim that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon?
What caused the downfall of the Pre-Columbian civilization?
When were geoglyphs discovered in the Amazon?
Between what years have geoglyphs been discovered in the Amazon?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Francisco de Orellana travel the length of the Amazon River?
Between what years have geoglyphs been discovered in the Amazon?
Who discovered the geoglyphs in 1977?
How long has the Amazon been shaped by man?
What is Terra preta?
Where is Terra preta distributed?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow?
What tribe were the remains of some of the large settlements found in 2003?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe in 2003?
What is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow?
What tribe were the remains of some of the large settlements found in 2003?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe in 2003?
What was found in 2003 in the Xingu tribe?
How many insect species live in the Amazon?
How many bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many of the fish species in the world live in the Amazon?
How many invertebrate species have been described in Brazil?
How many insect species live in the Amazon?
How many birds and mammals live in the Amazon?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many reptiles have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
What is the approximate size of a quarter square kilometer of Ecuadorian rainforest?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many tonnes of living plants can one square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass in the Amazon?
How many species of plants have been registered in the region?
Where does the biodiversity of plant species rank on Earth?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How much living plants can one square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass per hectare?
How many species of plants have been registered in the region?
What can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill?
What is the largest predatory creature in the rainforest?
What type of fish can bite and injure humans?
What do poison dart frogs secrete through their flesh?
What type of bats can spread the rabies virus?
What is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas?
Prior to what decade was access to the forest's interior restricted?
What farming method was used in the 1960s?
Why were the colonists unable to manage their crops?
What can be seen from outer space?
What was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
How many square kilometres of the Amazon was lost between 1991 and 2000?
What did most of the lost forest become?
Where does Brazil rank in the global production of soybeans?
What percentage of land has been used for livestock pasture since 1970?
Who has been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects that are currently developing in the Amazon?
What did the first two highways lead to?
What was the mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
Has deforestation declined or increased in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014?
How much higher was the deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What are environmentalists concerned about?
What will cause the loss of biodiversity?
What is environmentalists concerned about the release of?
How much of the world's carbon does the Amazonian evergreen forests account for?
What is the order of how much carbon does the Amazonian evergreen forests hold?
What conditions could cause the Amazon rainforest to become unsustainable?
What is one computer model of future climate change caused by?
By what year does a computer model of future climate change show that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable?
How long could the Amazon rainforest be threatened by climate change?
What could threaten the Amazon rainforest in the 21st century?
What continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide?
Along with ethno-biology, what type of conservation efforts have gained increased attention?
What are the causes of the destruction of indigenous territories?
Which indigenous people continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories?
What type of peoples have ethno-biology and community-based conservation efforts gained increased attention?
What is being used by the indigenous tribes to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests?
What tribe uses Google Earth to map their ancestral lands?
Where do the Trio Tribe live?
Why do the Trio Tribe map their ancestral lands?
Why are the indigenous tribes of the basin using remote sensing?
What is crucial to accurately map the Amazon's biomass?
What does the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the forest help map?
Who organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
When did Kuplich organize the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
What did Kuplich use to classify the trees?
In what year did parts of the Amazon basin experience the worst drought in one hundred years?
Who argued that the drought and deforestation are pushing the rainforest towards a "tipping point"?
Along with the effects of the drought, what is the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research saying is pushing the rainforest towards a tipping point?
What type of land is the Amazon on the brink of being turned into?
Who reported that the Amazon could survive only three years of drought?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience another severe drought?
How many square miles of rainforest was affected by the 2010 drought?
How many epicenters did the 2010 drought have?
In what year did the Amazon experience a more severe drought than 2010?
How much carbon dioxide does the Amazon absorb in a typical year?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
Where do comb jellies live?
What is the range of sizes of ctenophora?
What is ctenophora?
What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What is the largest size of a ctenophora?
What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
What is the largest size of a ctenophora?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What are the Greek words for comb jellies?
Where do comb jellies live?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
How many ctenophores have been validated?
How many ctenophores have not been fully described and named?
How many ctenophores have been validated?
What are little tentacles called in ctenophores?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What do coastal beroids lack?
What do coastal beroids use as teeth?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are little tentacles called in ctenophores?
What do coastal beroids use as teeth?
What are sticky cells that capture prey called?
How many ctenophores have been validated?
Are all species of annelids hermaphrodites?
What do most platyctenids' young look like?
Are juveniles capable of reproduction?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What is a simultaneous hermaphrodite?
What type of hermaphrodites have eggs and sperm that mature at different times?
What type of annelids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies?
What enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?
What is a sequential hermaphrodite?
What type of annelids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies?
What type of annelids have small mouths and no tentacles?
Where has Mnemiopsis been accidentally introduced?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What other factors helped promote the growth of the Mnemiopsis population?
What does Beroe eat?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What did Mnemiopsis eat that caused fish stocks to collapse?
Where do ctenophores occur in high numbers?
Where do ctenophores occur in high numbers?
What is phytoplankton?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What is Mnemiopsis blamed for in the Black Sea?
What helped mitigate the problem of Mnemiopsis?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
How long ago have fossils of ctenophores been found in lagerstätten?
Fossils thought to represent ctenophores have been found in lagerstätten with no what?
How long ago have fossils of ctenophores been found in lagerstätten?
After what event did all modern ctenophores appear?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
Fossils thought to represent ctenophores have been found in lagerstätten with no what?
Jellyfish, sea anemones, and ctenophores are about as complex as what?
How are ctenophores distinguished from all other animals?
What group of animals are ctenophores less complex than?
Which animal is more complex than sponges?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
Jellyfish, sea anemones, and ctenophores are about as complex as what?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What two groups of animals have cells bound by inter-cell connections and carpet like basement membranes?
What group of animals are ctenophores less complex than?
What is the jelly-like material in ctenophores called?
What are ctenophores and cnidarians traditionally labelled?
What are ctenophores?
Along with cnidarians, what animal has two main layers of cells?
What do ctenophores use as their main method of locomotion?
What do ctenophores use cilia for?
What are the bands of cilia in ctenophores called?
What does the name ctenophora mean?
What is the name of the cydippid ctenophores?
What type of ctenophores do not preserve well?
What do coastal ctenophores need to be tough enough for?
What are the three coastal genera of ctenophores?
What is the gastrodermis?
What do photocytes produce?
What is the name of the throat of an annelid?
What does the internal cavity consist of?
What are the most active parts of an annelid?
What are comb rows called?
What are "combs" also called?
What is the extra compact filament in a 9 + 3 pattern suspected to have?
Where do ctenophores usually swim?
How long are the cilia of ctenophores?
What do some species rely on to adapt to water of different densities?
Where do ctenophores pump water when they enter less dense water?
What do ctenophores pump water into the mesoglea to do?
What do ctenophores do if they move from brackish to full-strength seawater?
What is the largest single sensory feature of a ctenophore?
Where is the aboral organ?
What protects the statocyst?
What is the main component of the aboral organ?
What is a statocyst?
What is Pleurobrachia?
What is on the opposite sides of the body of Pleurobrachia?
What shape do cydippid ctenophores have?
Where are the tentacles of Pleurobrachia housed?
Where is the mouth of Pleurobrachia located?
What are the tentacles of Euplokamis typically fringed with?
What are colloblasts?
What is different about the tentilla of Euplokamis from other cydippids?
How many types of movement do Euplokamis' tentilla have?
What is the main use of Euplokamis' tentilla?
How many rows of combs do annelids have?
Where do the combs run?
How are the combs spaced?
What groove runs out from each balancer in the statocyst?
What are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth?
What are auricles?
How many auricles do many species of lobates have?
What do the water currents produced by the auricles do?
What do lobates feed on?
How can Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis escape from danger?
What happens to lobates when they clap their lobes?
What controls the movements of lobates' combs?
Lobates' combs are coordinated by nerves rather than by what?
What is another name for the Beroida?
What is another name for Nuda?
What do the narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do?
What do the narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do when the animal is not feeding?
What is just inside the large mouth and filling most of the saclike body?
What are ribbon-shaped planktonic animals?
What is the largest ctenophore?
What are Cestida?
How can Cestids swim?
What can move much faster in what has been described as a "darting motion"?
What is on the aboral surface of Platyctenida?
How do Platyctenids use the pharynx?
What do all but one of the known platyctenid species lack?
Where do Platyctenids live?
How are eggs and sperm released?
What do platyctenids use?
Self-fertilization has occasionally been seen in what genus?
Where are the gonads located?
What type of fertilization do platyctenids use?
What do Beroe juveniles lack?
Where do platyctenids live?
When do platyctenids attain the adult form?
How do platyctenids behave?
In what genus do juveniles lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths?
What do some species of ctenophores do when they are disturbed?
When do some species of ctenophores produce secretions that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies?
What do ctenophores produce when disturbed?
Do juveniles or adults luminesce more brightly?
Are all ctenophores predators?
What do Haeckelia prey on?
How do Haeckelia prey on jellyfish?
What does Bolinopsis generally feed on?
Which two-tentacled "cydippid" feeds exclusively on salps?
Why were ctenophores regarded as "dead ends" in marine food chains?
What type of fish digest ctenophores 20 times as fast as shrimps?
What can provide a good diet if there are enough of them around?
Where are herbivorous fishes deliberately feeding on gelatinous zooplankton during blooms?
What do jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of?
What was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov in the late 1980s?
How was the Western Atlantic ctenophore accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
How were Mnemiopsis populations in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov brought under control?
When was the Western Atlantic ctenophore accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What did the cooling of the local climate do to the fish?
Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils?
What could the Ediacaran Eoandromeda possibly represent?
When were three additional putative species of ctenophores found?
How many ctenophores were found in the Burgess Shale?
What was different about the three additional putative ctenophores found in the Burgess Shale?
How long ago was Stromatoveris dated?
What fossil is similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period?
What is the name of the early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil?
What is Stromatoveris similar to?
What is Vendobionta similar to?
Ctenophores have been shown to be the sister lineage to what?
What is the earliest diverging animal phylum?
What type of ctenophores do not have cydippid-like larvae?
What did Richard Harbison's purely morphological analysis in 1985 conclude that the cydippids are not?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
Who concluded that the cydippids are not monophyletic?
What is the largest city in the Central Valley?
How far is Fresno from Los Angeles?
What does the name Fresno mean in Spanish?
What is featured on the city's flag?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
When did the Central Pacific Railroad establish a station near Easterby's?
Why did many Millerton residents move to Fresno?
When did Fresno become an incorporated city?
How many streetcars did the Fresno Traction Company operate in 1931?
What grew around the station?
What percentage of Fresno's population was Asian in 1940?
What was the name of the Japanese neighborhood in Fresno?
Where was the Pinedale Assembly Center?
What was the Pinedale Assembly Center?
What was the Fresno Fairgrounds used for?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What did BankAmericard allow cardholders to do?
In what year was BankAmericard renamed?
What is the current name of BankAmericard?
Who wrote the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Who recorded the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Where did Bill Aken grow up?
Where did Bill Aken make his first TV appearance?
Who adopted Bill Aken?
How many large public parks does Fresno have?
What park is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo?
What is the largest park in Fresno?
What is the name of the Japanese garden in Woodward Park?
What is the largest park in Fresno?
When did Downtown Fresno flourish?
What were the two original buildings in Downtown Fresno?
What is the current name of the Grand 1401?
What was the name of the hotel that was burned down in Downtown Fresno?
When was Fulton Street converted into a pedestrian mall?
What is the name of the pedestrian mall in Downtown Fresno?
What is the only public art piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch?
Where will the public art pieces be placed?
What type of sidewalks will be added to Fulton Street to continue the pedestrian friendly environment of the district?
Where is Sunnyside located?
What are the major thoroughfares of Sunnyside?
When was Sunnyside developed?
What is the home of the Sunnyside Country Club?
Who designed the Sunnyside Country Club's golf course?
What is the name of the historic theater in the Tower District?
When was the Tower Theatre built?
What is the name of the Tower Theatre?
What was the original name of the school in the Tower District?
How far is Fresno City College from the Tower District?
When did the Tower Theatre reopen?
What type of movies did the Tower Theatre show in the 1970s?
When did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater and Good Company Players open?
Where was Audra McDonald from?
What two shows did Audra McDonald perform in at the Tower Theatre?
Along with restaurants and nightclubs, what type of theater is in the Tower District?
How close are the independent shops and bookstores in the Tower District?
What is the center of Fresno's local punk/goth/deathrock and heavy metal community?
What is the center of Fresno's local punk/goth/deathrock and heavy metal community?
What is the center of Fresno's local punk/goth/deathrock and heavy metal community?
What type of homes have been restored in recent decades?
What type of houses were designed by Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler?
How does the Tower District compare with the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl?
When have many of the early 20th century homes in the Tower District been restored?
What is the name of the street that provides streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital?
Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract?
When did developers Billings & Meyering acquire the tract?
How many homes did the Alta Vista Tract have in 1914?
What company provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital?
What is another name for the West Side of Fresno?
What direction does the West Side of Fresno lie?
The West Side of Fresno is the center of what community?
Along with Mexican-American and Asian-American, what is one of the largest populations in the West Side of Fresno?
What is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city?
Who is Kearney Boulevard named after?
What is Kearney Boulevard lined with?
What is the name of the half-mile stretch of Kearney Boulevard that was the preferred neighborhood for Fresno's elite African-American families?
What is the name of the section of Kearney Boulevard that was given a new name by the Fresno City Council?
What is the "Dogg Pound"?
When were public housing developments built in the neighborhood?
On what streets is a modern shopping center being built?
What are the names of the two major meat processing facilities in the neighborhood?
Where is the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport?
How much retail activity does the neighborhood have?
Who founded Woodward Park?
How many acres is Woodward Park?
How many people can Woodward Park's amphitheatre hold?
How long will the Lewis S. Eaton trail system be?
When is Woodward Park open?
When was Sierra Sky Park Airport formed?
Who created the nation's first planned aviation community?
What was the first aviation community to be built?
Along with personal aircraft, what type of vehicles were allowed to share roads in Sierra Sky Park Airport?
How many aviation communities are there today?
What type of summers does Fresno have?
What is the warmest month in Fresno?
What is the average annual precipitation in Fresno?
What direction do most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from?
What months have an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics?
What is the official record high temperature for Fresno?
When was the record low temperature in Fresno set?
In what year did Fresno get the most rainfall in 24 hours?
How much snow did Fresno get on January 21, 1962?
How much rain did Fresno get in 24 hours on November 18, 1885?
What was the population of Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's population is white?
How many people in Fresno were Native American in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's population was non-Hispanic white in 2010?
What was the population density of Fresno in 2010?
How many households had children under the age of 18 living in them?
What percentage of households had a female householder with no husband present?
How many same-sex married couples were there?
What was the average family size?
What was the average household size?
How many people lived in Tucson in 2000?
How many housing units were there in Tucson in 2000?
What percentage of the population in 2000 was black or African American?
How much of the population of Tucson is Hmong?
What was the population density in 2000?
Why did the Federal Communications Commission decide that Fresno would only have UHF television stations?
What was the first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting?
When did KMJ-TV begin broadcasting?
What is KMJ-TV now known as?
What is the CBS affiliate in Fresno?
What is the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley?
What is the name of State Route 168?
What is the Yosemite Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway called?
In what direction does State Route 180 come from?
What is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway?
When was the Interstate Highway System created?
What is the current State Route that Fresno is trying to upgrade to interstate standards?
Why has there been a lot of discussion to upgrade State Route 99?
Who provides passenger rail service in Fresno?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot?
What railroads cross in Fresno?
What railroad operates former Southern Pacific branchlines out of Fresno?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot located?
What did Paul Baran develop in the late 1950s?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
Why did the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching find little resonance?
What is Donald Davies credited with
What did Paul Baran develop?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What is Donald Davies credited with
Packet switching contrasts with what principal networking paradigm?
How is circuit switching characterized in cases of billable services?
How is packet switching characterized?
Packet switching contrasts with what principal networking paradigm?
What is circuit switching?
How is circuit switching characterized?
How is packet switching characterized?
How can Packet mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
What happens in case of a shared physical medium?
How can Packet mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
What happens in case of a shared physical medium?
What did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation?
What did Report P-2626 describe?
What are packets?
What is one of the three key ideas in Report P-2626?
What did Report P-2626 describe?
How were the messages delivered?
What concept did Baran develop?
What is one of the three key ideas in Report P-2626?
What did Donald Davies do in 1965?
What did Davies call his routing methodology?
What did Davies do with packet switching?
Where did Roger Scantlebury suggest packet switching for?
Who developed the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What did Davies call his routing methodology?
What did Lawrence Roberts do with Davies' work?
What is included in connectionless mode?
How are packets routed in connectionless mode?
How is each packet labeled in connectionless mode?
What happens at the destination?
How large is the packet header?
How is a packet routed?
What do packets include?
What does connection-oriented transmission require?
Where does Frame Relay provide?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
When didARPANET and SITA HLN become operational?
What was the main difference between ARPANET and the datagram system?
What does the virtual call system do?
What is an example of a datagram protocol?
What was AppleTalk?
What was one of the features of AppleTalk?
What did AppleTalk do?
What type of system was AppleTalk?
What was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
What was the CYCLADES packet switching network the first to do?
How was the CYCLADES packet switching network able to deliver reliable data?
What did the concepts of the CYCLADES network influence?
What is DECnet?
What was the original purpose of DECnet?
How many layers did DECnet initially have?
What was different about DECnet Phase II?
What did Warner Sinback do in 1965?
What was the purpose of GE's time-sharing service?
What happened to GE's time-sharing service?
What did Warner Sinback decide?
Why was the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad formed?
What was the first demonstration of the packet-switched network?
What was added to the network in the mid-1980s?
What was Telenet?
Who founded Telenet?
Why was Telenet founded?
What did Telenet change the host interface to?
When was Telenet incorporated?
What was Tymnet?
What was the purpose of Tymnet?
How did Tymnet users connect to the network?
Who did Tymnet's private network allow?
What did Tymnet's private networks do?
What networks were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface?
Who developed DATAPAC?
What did the interconnection of national X.25 networks allow?
What was AUSTPAC?
What did AUSTPAC do?
How can AUSTPAC be accessed?
What was Datanet 1?
What did Datanet 1 refer to?
What did the name Datanet 1 refer to?
Why was the name Datanet 1 incorrect?
What does CSNET stand for?
What was the purpose of the Computer Science Network?
What role did the CSNET play?
What is Internet2?
Who built the first Internet2 Network?
What was the name of the first Internet2 Network?
What did Internet2 announce in 2006?
What did Internet2 do in 2007?
What does NSFNET stand for?
What was the goal of NSFNET?
What did NSFNET eventually become?
What is the vBNS?
What was the purpose of the vBNS?
How was the vBNS built?
How fast was the vBNS in 1998?
What did the vBNS do in 1999?
Where did the Black Death begin?
What type of ships were the black rats that were regular passengers on?
How much of Europe's population was killed by the Black Death?
When did the world population as a whole recover to pre-plague levels?
How long did the plague recurred in Europe?
What is enzootic?
What are the dates of the Nestorian graves near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan?
In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in what country?
When did famine begin in China?
How many Chinese and other Asians may have been killed during the 15 years before the plague reached Constantinople?
Who introduced the Black Death to Europe?
Who led the Mongol army during the siege of Kaffa?
What did the Mongol army catapult over the city walls of Kaffa?
Along with the south of Europe, where did the Genoese traders take the plague by ship?
What conditions contributed to the severity of the Black Death?
Where did the plague spread from Italy?
Where did the plague spread to in 1351?
Where was the plague less common?
Where did the plague spread from Italy to the east?
When was the plague introduced to Norway?
What did the plague lead to in the Middle East?
When did the plague reach Alexandria in Egypt?
How did the plague reach Alexandria?
What happened when the plague reached Antioch in 1348-49?
Who claimed that the Latin name atra mors first appeared in modern times in 1631?
What was the Latin name for the 14th-century epidemic?
Who wrote a book on Danish history in 1631?
When was the medieval epidemic first called the Black Death in England?
Where did the name atra mors first spread through?
What did the medical faculty in Paris blame for the plague?
Who was the source of the report that blamed the heavens?
What theory became the most widely accepted?
What is the name of the theory that the plague was caused by bad air?
What did Alexandre Yersin name the pathogen that caused the 19th century plague?
Where did the 19th century scientists investigate the pathogen that caused the Black Death?
Who was one of the scientists who visited Hong Kong in 1894?
What was established in 1898?
What was the bubonic plague mechanism dependent on?
Who wrote about the 'Great Pestilence'?
What did Francis Aidan Gasquet think the Great Pestilence was?
When was the second edition of 'The Great Pestilence' published?
What did Gasquet implicate in the second edition of 'The Black Death'?
What is an example of an ancient and medieval plague that Gasquet's interpretation was widely accepted?
What is the mortality rate of modern bubonic plague?
What is the temperature range of the modern bubonic plague?
What percentage of people who contract the bubonic plague die within eight days?
What is the mortality rate of pneumonic plague?
What is a symptom of Septicemic plague?
When was the paper published about the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death?
What was the purpose of the paper published in 2010?
How did the team assess the presence of DNA/RNA?
Where did the researchers find Yersinia pestis?
What did the new research conclude?
What are clades?
What are the two modern Y. pestis strains that were found to be ancestral to modern isolates?
What does the study suggest about the spread of the plague?
When did the first variant of the plague enter Europe?
When did the first wave of the plague reach England?
What has happened to the results of the Haensch study?
What burial site in England did Schuenemann and others use to determine that the Black Death was caused by Y. pestis?
What did Schuenemann conclude about the variant of Y. pestis that caused the Black Death in medieval Europe?
When was a study published in Nature that sequenced the genome of Y. pestis?
Who challenged the plague theory in 1970?
What did Shrewsbury say about the 14th century plague?
What did Shrewsbury conclude about the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th century?
What did Graham Twigg produce in 1984?
Who wrote in 2002 about his doubts about the identity of the Black Death?
What is as important as an identification of symptoms?
Why are researchers hampered by an epidemiological account of the plague?
How much does the population at the start of the plague vary?
From whom are estimates of plague victims usually extrapolated from?
When was there no census?
Why do sceptics of the bubonic plague theory argue that there was not enough of a rat population to account for a pandemic?
What is the significance of transference via fleas in goods?
What is one of the arguments against the theory of the Black Death?
Was the spread of the Black Death faster or slower than that of the bubonic plague?
How long were the major outbreaks of the Black Death?
What did Twigg suggest the cause of the plague was?
What did Norman Cantor think the cause of the plague was?
What other diseases did some scholars suggest could have caused the extent and symptoms of the plague?
What is a septicemic infection?
How many bodies were exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London in 2014?
What was the most widely accepted death rate for the Middle East during the Black Death?
How much of Paris's population died from the Black Death?
What did a recent scientific investigation of a burial pit in Central London suggest?
In crowded cities, what percentage of the population could be expected to die?
What areas were less vulnerable to contagion?
When did the plague repeatedly return to haunt Europe?
According to Biraben, how many years was the plague present in Europe?
How many people did France lose to the plague in 1628-31?
What did historians propose in England in 1300?
When did the Black Death end in England?
What percentage of the population was affected by the Black Death in 1471?
When did the Great Plague of London end?
How many people died in Paris in 1466?
Where did the Black Death continue on into?
What was the name of the Plague of 1629-1631 that is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War?
When was the last plague outbreak in Norway?
How many times did the plague occur in Venice?
How many people died from the plague in Italy in the first half of the 17th century?
How many people died from the plague in Naples in 1656?
How much did the plague of 1649 reduce the population of Seville?
What was the Great Northern War?
When did Europe's last major epidemic occur?
When was the Black Death present in at least one location in the Islamic world?
How many people died in Algiers in 1620-21?
How long did the Plague remain a major event in Ottoman society?
How much of Baghdad's population has been wiped out by the Black Death?
What does a rock crystallize from?
What type of rock can a sedimentary rock be turned into?
What is formed when igneous rock is re-melted?
What are the three major types of rock?
What changes the mineral content of the rock that gives it a characteristic fabric?
What was the most important of the discoveries in the 1960s?
What does the lithosphere include?
What is the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle called?
The oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of what?
When did discoveries show that the Earth's lithosphere is separated into a number of tectonic plates?
What is it called when two plates move apart?
What is it called when one plate subducts under another?
What caused the San Andreas fault system?
Who developed the theory of continental drift?
The power of the theory of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine all of the observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over what?
What can seismologists use in reverse to image the interior of the Earth?
Along with the lithosphere, what is the top of the layered model of the Earth?
What is below the crust of the Earth?
What have seismologists been able to create detailed images of inside the earth?
What is below the mantle?
What does the second scale show?
What is the short period with short epochs called?
What is the latest epoch?
What does Q stand for?
What pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?
If a fault penetrates some formations but not the ones on top of them, the ones that are not cut must be what?
What may help determine if a fault is a normal or a thrust fault?
If a fault penetrates some formations but not those on top of them, the formations that were cut must be what?
What foreign bodies are picked up as magma or lava flows?
What are foreign bodies picked up as?
What is another term for inclusions?
What states that sedimentary rocks must be older than the formation that contains them?
What can be ripped up and included in a newer layer of sedimentary rocks?
What is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
Who laid out the principles of faunal succession?
How does the principle of faunal succession become when uncertainties of fossilization, the localization of fossil types due to lateral changes in habitat, and not all fossils may be found globally at the same time?
What can be used to determine the age of the formations in which they are found?
Whose theory of evolution was based on principles laid out by William Smith?
When was it possible to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events using radioactive isotopes?
What did geologists previously use to date sections of rock relative to one another?
What did isotopic dates allow geologists to assign to rock units?
How did geologists use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock?
What could isotopic dates be applied to?
What can be used to determine temperature profiles within the crust?
What is the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice?
What is measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature?
What can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units which do not contain radioactive isotopes?
What causes rock units to shorten and become thicker when placed under?
Where can brittle deformation occur?
What is the name of the folds where the material in the center of the fold buckles upwards?
What are antiforms and synclines called if all of the rock units are overturned?
What are the names for the top of rock units that remain pointing upwards?
What causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner?
What is the French word for "sausage"?
Where can the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon be seen over a length of less than a meter?
What happens to rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched?
What causes the rock to become longer and thinner?
What is the name of the long, planar igneous intrusions that form in large numbers in areas that are actively deformed?
When do dikes form in large numbers?
Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of what?
What maintains the topographic gradient in spite of the movement of sediment?
What is often associated with volcanism and igneous activity?
What does the Hawaiian Islands consist of?
What is the oldest known rock in the world?
The Grand Canyon and the mid-continental United States contain almost-undeformed stacks of what?
The Grand Canyon has sedimentary rocks that have remained in place since what time?
Where is the oldest known rock in the world?
What is petrology?
What is stratigraphy?
What is structural geology?
Along with rivers, landscapes, and glaciers, what do geologists study?
What is one of the primary methods petrologists use in the field?
What are some of the properties of minerals that can be identified through a petrographic microscope?
Stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into what?
Where do petrologists identify rock samples?
What type of microscope is used in an optical mineralogy analysis?
Along with temperature experiments, what type of experiments can be performed to understand mineral phases?
What can be used to understand the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear?
Along with igneous processes, what type of processes can be extrapolated to the field?
What type of geologist uses microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists use to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists do with measurements of geological structures in order to better understand the orientations of faults and folds?
What do structural geologists perform to study rock deformation in large and small settings?
What are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries?
What are the most well-known experiments in structural geology?
What is pulled along a lower surface into a back stop?
What is a critically tapered orogenic wedge?
What type of models work in the same way as analog models?
Who analyzes samples of stratigraphic sections from drill cores?
What do stratigraphers use to locate stratigraphic units?
What can be combined to produce a better view of the subsurface?
What do stratigraphers often use to do this in three dimensions?
What can stratigraphers locate areas for?
Why do geochronologists date rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Who analyzes rock samples in the laboratory?
Who looks for magnetic reversals in igneous rock?
Who precisely dates rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Where do some modern scholars believe the origin of geology can be traced to?
Who was one of the earliest Persian geologists?
Who formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation?
Who proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains, the origin of earthquakes and other topics central to modern geology?
What did Shen Kuo base his hypothesis on?
Who is often viewed as the first modern geologist?
What was the title of the paper that Hutton presented to the Royal Society of Edinburgh?
When did Hutton publish a two-volume version of his ideas?
What did Hutton believe about the earth?
Who created the first geological map of the US?
When was the first geological map of the US produced?
When did William Maclure begin a geological survey of the United States?
What was the name of William Maclure's memoir?
Who did Maclure submit his work to for publication?
What was the name of Sir Charles Lyell's famous book?
What theory did Lyell's book promote?
What theory did Lyell's book promote?
What is the theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events and remained unchanged thereafter?
What famous scientist was influenced by the Principles of Geology?
How far is Newcastle from Edinburgh?
How far is Newcastle from the North Sea?
Newcastle is a member of what network of European cities?
Newcastle was part of what county until 1400?
What is the regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area?
Who built the castle in 1080?
What trade was Newcastle an important centre for in the 14th century?
What type of mining was Newcastle a major producer of?
When did Newcastle's port develop?
What is the name of the world's most popular half marathon?
What was the first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle?
What river was Pons Aelius located across?
What was the population of Pons Aelius in the 2nd century AD?
What Roman wall is still visible in parts of Newcastle?
The Vallum was built to prevent unwanted immigration and the incursion of what tribes from the north?
What country was Newcastle in the Middle Ages?
Who granted Newcastle a new charter in 1589?
How high was the wall that was built around Newcastle in the 13th century?
What Scots king was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174?
How many times was Newcastle successfully defended against the Scots in the 14th century?
What did the royal act restrict all shipments of from Tyneside to Newcastle?
What was the name of the Newcastle burgesses who had a monopoly in the coal trade?
What does the phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" mean?
What was Timothy Dexter regarded as?
What did merchants want to do to Timothy Dexter?
Along with keelmen, who lived in the Sandgate area?
What were keelmen known for?
How many people died of plague in Newcastle in the 1630s?
What percentage of the population of Newcastle died from the plague in 1636?
What type of loss was the Plague of 1636?
Who did the North declare for during the English Civil War?
Who captured the town of Newburn?
How did the Scots attack Newcastle?
What does Fortiter Defendit Triumphans mean?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646-7?
What did the Industrial Revolution result in in the city?
What was the largest pottery company in the world in 1817?
Newcastle was one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by what?
What was shipbuilding and heavy engineering central to the city's?
What invention led to the revolution of marine propulsion?
What type of street layout does Newcastle still retain?
What can only be traversed by foot?
What remains from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre?
What type of buildings are in Close, Sandhill and Quayside?
What is the "House of Tides"?
What is the neoclassical centre of Newcastle called?
What did Stuart Maconie call Newcastle?
What street was voted England's finest street in 2005?
When was a portion of Grainger Town demolished?
What is the name of the shopping center in Eldon Square?
What is the name of the green space in Newcastle that is larger than Hyde Park and Hampstead Heath?
What do the freemen of the city have the right to do in Town Moor?
What is the largest travelling funfair in Europe?
When is the Hoppings funfair held?
Who has the right to graze cattle on Town Moor?
What has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments?
Who commissioned the Gateshead Millennium Bridge?
Who designed The Sage Gateshead music center?
What is the purpose of linking Newcastle and Gateshead together?
How many days was the temporary Bambuco Bridge in 2008?
What is the historic heart of Newcastle?
When was the Grainger Town area established?
How high are most of the buildings in the Grainger Town area?
How many of Grainger Town's buildings are listed?
What was the name of the market that was originally built in 1808?
When was the Grainger Market opened?
How many people attended the opening of the Grainger Market?
What does the Laing Art Gallery have of the opening of the Grainger Market?
Who listed the Grainger Market as grade I in 1954?
What type of climate does Newcastle have?
What is the influence of the Gulf Stream on Newcastle's climate?
What type of weather does Newcastle get in the shadow of the North Pennines?
When did the temperature in Newcastle drop to -12.6 degrees Celsius?
Newcastle's climate is similar to the rest of what?
In what year did Debenhams open in Newcastle?
What is the largest shopping center in the UK?
What was the world's first department store?
How did Emerson Bainbridge sell goods?
When was the undercover Green Market demolished?
What is one of the most popular destinations in Newcastle?
Gosforth and Byker are the largest shopping areas in what type of area?
What is the largest store in the United Kingdom?
What is the largest indoor shopping center in Europe?
Where is the MetroCentre located?
What was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly?
What were Tyneside flats built as?
Where has a new development recreated the Tyneside flat?
What was Cany Ash's profession?
What were architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula attracted to the possibilities of?
What was the percentage of detached homes in the 2010 Census?
What was the percentage of converted or shared houses in 2011?
What type of markets are Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tunbridge Wells?
In terms of housing stock, the authority is one of few of what to see the proportion of detached homes rise in 2010 Census?
Along with Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Hastings, what local authority has an overinflated housing market?
In what year was the UK Government's census returned?
What borough of Newcastle has a population of around 259,000?
What type of population is Newcastle home to?
What type of institutions are in the local area of Newcastle?
What type of population does Jesmond and Heaton have?
What is the average age of people living in Newcastle?
Many people in the city have Scottish or Irish what?
Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Hall, Nixon, Little and Robson are examples of what type of surnames?
How many Bolivians live in Newcastle?
What percentage of Newcastle's population is Bolivians?
What is the dialect of Newcastle called?
The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the language spoken by whom?
How much of the old language does the Geordie dialect retain?
What is pronounced "deed"?
What does "burn" mean?
Where did "Bairn" and "hyem" come from?
Where are some words used in the Geordie dialect found?
What language do the words "bonny" and "stot" appear to be used in?
What words appear to be used exclusively in Newcastle?
What language did the word "hoy" originate from?
What was published in February 2007?
What was Newcastle's ranking in terms of noise in the UK?
What was the average level of noise in Newcastle?
What did the report claim the noise levels would have on the health of the city's residents?
What was one of the locations that the Ear Institute and Widex used in their report that was without pedestrian access?
What is another popular area for nightlife?
What type of complex is The Gate?
How many screens are in the Empire multiplex cinema?
What is the name of Newcastle's gay scene?
What does the Pink Triangle have?
Newcastle has a proud history of what?
Who managed the original Theatre Royal, Newcastle for fifteen years?
How long did Stephen Kemble manage the Theatre Royal?
When was the original Theatre Royal in Newcastle opened?
What was the original Theatre Royal demolished to make way for?
What does the city still contain?
What is the largest theater in Newcastle?
The Theatre Royal has hosted a season of performances from what company for over 25 years?
What type of talent does the Mill Volvo Tyne Theatre feature?
What was NewcastleGateshead voted in 2006?
What is the largest independent library outside London?
How many CDs does the Lit and Phil's music library contain?
Who designed the current Lit and Phil building?
What was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
Who gave the first lecture to be lit by electric light?
What beer festival is held in April?
When is the North East Art Expo held?
How often does the AV Festival of international electronic art occur?
What is the name of the food and drink festival held in Newcastle in June?
How many weeks does EAT! NewcastleGateshead run?
What is the largest travelling fair in Europe?
When does The Hoppings take place?
The Hoppings has its origins in what movement?
What is the Northern Rock Cyclone?
What is the name of the gay festival held in Leazes Park?
What is the name of the multicultural event held on the August bank holiday weekend?
Where will the 2009 International Arts Fair be held?
What is the name of the annual design festival held in October?
What is the SAMA Festival?
Where is the International Arts Fair held?
What type of music is Lindisfarne?
When did Lindisfarne release their most famous song?
What is the name of the black metal band that formed in Newcastle in 1979?
What is the name of the first folk metal band?
What band was Andy Taylor the lead guitarist of?
When was the Pilgrim Street building refurbished?
Where did the Tyneside Cinema move to during the refurbishment?
How many cinemas does the Pilgrim Street site currently house?
What is the name of the last remaining news cinema still in full-time operation?
What was added to the Tyneside Bar during the refurbishment?
What is the name of the Science Village in Newcastle?
What does the Discovery Museum focus on?
What type of heritage is featured in the Discovery Museum?
When did the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities merge with the Great North Museum?
What is the name of the museum dedicated to children's books?
What is the earliest known movie to have exterior scenes filmed in Newcastle?
What 1971 film was shot on location in and around Newcastle?
What type of film was Stormy Monday?
Who directed the film Stormy Monday?
Along with Tommy Lee Jones, Melanie Griffith and Sean Bean, who starred in the film Stormy Monday?
Where is the horse racing course in Newcastle?
What is the most successful basketball team in the history of the British Basketball League?
What is the name of the speedway team in Newcastle?
Where are the Newcastle Diamonds based?
What is the name of the road race from Newcastle to Blaydon?
How far is Newcastle International Airport from the city centre?
How is Newcastle International Airport connected to the city?
How long does it take to travel from Newcastle International Airport to the city centre?
How many passengers does Newcastle International Airport handle per year?
How many destinations are available worldwide?
What type of architecture was enhanced in 2014?
How many Grade One listed railway stations are there in the UK?
Who opened the first covered railway station in the world?
Who designed the neoclassical façade of Southampton's railway station?
What is the name of the city's other mainline station?
How often does Virgin Trains East Coast provide trains to London King's Cross?
How long does it take to travel from the East Coast to London King's Cross?
Where do all Virgin Trains East Coast trains call to Scotland?
What train line serves destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands, and the South West?
What train operator provides local and regional services?
What is the name of the rail system that serves Newcastle?
How many phases did the Tyne and Wear Metro open in?
What type of tunnels were constructed through Newcastle city centre?
What was built across the Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead?
How many passengers does the Tyne and Wear Metro system carry each year?
What is the name of the period of refurbishment and modernization?
What is ticket gates a part of the transition to?
What other things are being overhauled?
What is the long term plan for the Metro system?
Several of the proposed routes would require what type of train?
What is the new name of the Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass?
What is the name of the road that becomes the A68?
What is the A167?
What was renumbered between the A1 and the Western Bypass?
What was increased in November 2011?
How many main bus companies are there in Newcastle?
How many major bus stations are there in Newcastle?
What is the primary bus company in the city proper?
What does Nexus stand for?
What bus company operates from Eldon Square Bus Station?
When was Newcastle's cycling strategy first developed?
What is one of the social aims and objectives for cycling?
What type of living does cycling promote?
What type of streets does the council want to create contraflows on?
What does the local council want to link the local networks to?
Who runs a service to IJmuiden?
When did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden stop?
Why did DFDS discontinue their ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden?
When was the DFDS ferry service to Bergen and Stavanger terminated?
What cruise line has included Newcastle as a departure port?
How many LEA funded schools are in Newcastle?
How many independent schools are in Newcastle?
What is the largest co-ed independent school in Newcastle?
What is the largest general further education college in the North East?
What religion is St. Mary's Comprehensive School?
How many universities does the city have?
What is one of the UK's leading international universities?
What award did Newcastle University win in 2000?
What was the process that led to the creation of Northumbria University?
What is the name of the University of Northumbria at Newcastle?
How many cathedrals does Newcastle have?
When was the Anglican St. Nicholas built?
What type of cathedral is located in Fenham?
What is the name of the only parish church in the Church of England without a parish?
What did all three cathedrals begin their lives as?
What is the oldest church in Newcastle?
When was the main porch added to the Parish Church of St Andrew?
What was the last addition to the Parish Church of St Andrew?
The Parish Church of St Andrew is surrounded by the last of what?
What received a battering during the Siege of Newcastle?
Where was ITV Tyne Tees based?
Where did ITV Tyne Tees move to in 2005?
What gave the name to The Tube?
Why is the Pink Palace known as?
What radio station is broadcast from the Pink Palace?
What was the first full-time community radio station in the area?
What radio station is run by students from both of the city's universities?
How long has Radio Tyneside been broadcasting?
What radio station is based at the Great North Children's Hospital?
Where does Newcastle Student Radio broadcast from?
When did Charles Avison die?
What was Basil Hume's position?
Who was the father of the modern steam railways?
What was Sir Joseph Swan the inventor of?
What country was Abhisit Vejjajiva a former Prime Minister of?
Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of what school?
Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer are examples of what?
What award did Peter Higgs win?
What is the most characteristic musical instrument in the region?
Where was the Nobel Prize winning physicist Peter Higgs born?
Where is the Victoria and Albert Museum located?
How many objects does the V&A have?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
What is the V&A named after?
In what borough of London is the V&A located?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
Who is the Victoria and Albert Museum named after?
Who sponsors the Victoria and Albert Museum?
Since what year has entrance to the V&A been free?
How many acres does the V&A cover?
How many galleries does the V&A have?
How many years of art does the V&A's collection span?
The V&A's collection spans 5,000 years of art from what cultures?
The V&A has the world's largest collection of what type of art?
The V&A has its origins in what event?
Who was the first director of the V&A?
What was the original name of the V&A?
Where did the V&A open in 1852?
Who designed the V&A in 1855?
Who opened the museum on June 22, 1857?
When was the official opening of the Royal Institute?
Who was the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection?
What was introduced in 1857?
When did the Royal College of Art achieve full independence?
When was the Britain Can Make It exhibition held?
How many people visited the Britain Can Make It exhibition?
What did the success of the Britain Can Make It exhibition lead to?
What did the success of the Britain Can Make It exhibition lead to?
By what year had most of the collections been returned to the museum?
What type of event did the V&A first present in 1973?
What was the name of the band that performed at the V&A in 1973?
Who was the director of the V&A in 1973?
What type of music did Gryphon explore?
In what city is the V&A in discussion to open a new £43 million gallery?
What was the estimated cost of the V&A Dundee in 2015?
Where will the V&A Dundee be located?
What is the focus of the V&A Dundee?
How long is it planned for the V&A Dundee to open?
What was the name of the house that occupied the land before the museum?
What was the first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum?
Who was the architect of the Sheepshanks Gallery?
What is the name of the building that houses the offices and board room?
What does the Secretariat Wing house?
What was the name of the gallery that covered India, China and Japan?
What style was adopted for the north range of the museum?
Who designed the bronze doors in the north façade of the museum?
What famous astronomer is depicted on the north façade of the museum?
Who painted the panels on the north façade of the museum?
Who designed the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the stained-glass windows in the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the Centre Refreshment Room in a Renaissance style?
Who designed the marble fireplace in the Centre Refreshment Room?
Who designed the Grill Room in 1876-81?
Who was the next architect to work at the museum?
What was the name of the science schools?
What was the staircase made from?
What does the Henry Cole Wing hold?
When did the Sackler Centre for arts education open?
What was used to decorate the east side of the building designed by F. W. Moody?
Who designed the wrought iron gates that lead to a passage through the building?
Where were the two Cast Courts designed?
What was the final part of the museum designed by Scott?
Who designed the exterior mosaic panels in the parapet?
Who designed the main façade of the museum?
What was the main façade of the museum built from?
How long is the main façade of the museum?
What is the tower above the main entrance surmounted by?
What is interspersed with statues of British artists?
Who sculpted the frame around the arches and entrance?
How many levels of galleries are in the Royal Institute?
Who sculpted the frame around the arches and entrance?
What material is used in the entrance hall and flanking staircases?
Who does Prince Albert appear above the frame around the arches?
In 1966 and 1967, the Royal Institute created new storage space for books in what building?
What is the name of the wing that the Royal College of Science acquired in 1974?
What was constructed on the site of the former boiler house?
Who designed the iron gates in the new entrance building?
What was the former boiler house intended to be the site of?
What gallery was redesigned in the 1990s?
What was restored in the 2006 renovation?
What is the name of the major redesign of all the galleries in the museum?
The tunnel to the subway leading to what tube station was redesigned in 2004?
Who designed the new Cafe?
Who redesigned the central garden?
What did the central garden open as on July 5, 2005?
What shape is the water feature in the John Madejski Garden?
What can the water feature be used for?
What type of tree is planted in the two corners by the north façade?
When did the V&A and Royal Institute of British Architects open the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
What organization opened the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
How many drawings are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
What has been transferred to the V&A?
How many photographs are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
What Italian architect's drawings are the largest in the world?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the Royal Institute's collection?
How many of Andrea Palladio's drawings are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Who is one British architect whose drawings are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Where is Sir Paul Pindar's house?
The facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house is a rare survivor of what event?
When was Sir Paul Pindar's house built?
What chateau has a dormer window dated 1523-35?
What is an example of a column from the main architecture gallery?
How many items from the Islamic world does the V&A hold?
When did the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art open?
What is the highlight of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art covers objects from North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and what other country?
When was the Salting Bequest?
How many objects are in the Museum's South and South-East Asian art?
How many textiles are in the Museum?
How many paintings are in the Museum?
When did the Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art open?
What gallery of Indian art opened in 1991?
How many pieces of art from East Asia are in the V&As Far Eastern collection?
What are the countries of East Asia?
What gallery opened in 1991?
When did the T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art open?
The majority of the art in the T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art date from what dynasties?
What gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986?
When did the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art open?
In what century was Amida Nyorai's sculpture from?
The majority of the exhibits in the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art date from what years?
What type of incense burner is Suzuki Chokichi's?
What time period is represented by notable 14th- and 15th-century religious images?
Along with Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia and Indonesia, what country has art from the 6th to 19th centuries in gold, silver, bronze, stone, terracotta and ivory?
What reflects the influence of India?
What material was used to make the gleaming boxes inlaid with?
Along with bronze palanquin hooks and betel-nut cutters, what type of combs are on display?
The Codex Forster contains note books by whom?
What are the names of the three manuscripts in the Codex Forster?
How many books did Alexander Dyce leave to the museum in 1869?
When did Alexander Dyce leave over 14,000 books to the museum?
When was the Codex Forster bequeathed to the museum?
Along with Beatrix Potter, who is a notable writer whose papers are in the library?
Along with Charles Dickens, who is a notable writer whose papers are in the library?
What centuries are the manuscripts in the library dating from?
What is the Armagnac manuscript?
Who illuminated the 1524 Charter?
What is another name for the National Art Library?
What computer system was used from the 1980s to the 1990s?
What does EAD stand for?
Most of the items in the Victoria and Albert Museum collection do not show up in the computer system unless they were what?
What is the name of the feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum web-site?
When did a large scale digitization project begin in the Victoria and Albert Museum's Word and Image Department?
What was the name of the large-scale digitization project that began in 2007?
Who was the focus of the Factory Project?
How many images were taken during the first year of the Factory Project?
What is the second step of the Factory Project?
Who commissioned art from European artists?
Porcelain, cloth and wallpaper are imports from what country?
Who is one of the designers and artists whose work is on display in the galleries?
Who was a major influence on the Gothic Revival?
What are some of the imports from Asia that can be seen in the galleries?
What led to the production of china and caddies?
What was the Georgian age?
Who led the backlash against industrialization?
What produced entrepreneurs such as Josiah Wedgwood, Matthew Boulton and Eleanor Coade?
John Ruskin's backlash against industrialization led to what movement?
What is the name of the full-scale replica in the Cast Courts?
How was Trajan's Column made?
What is the name of the full-size replica of Michelangelo's David?
What is housed in the Cast Courts?
Where is the Verrocchio replica displayed?
When was the Meissen Vulture created?
Who designed the Möllendorff Dinner Service?
When was the Möllendorff Dinner Service designed?
When was the Salting Bequest made?
The Salting Bequest enriched the museum's stock of what?
Who are some famous potters in the collection?
Where is the Delftware from?
What are the largest objects in the collection?
What centuries are the largest objects in the collection?
Where were the largest objects in the collection made?
How many years of glass making does the glass collection cover?
How many items are in the glass collection?
Where does the earliest glassware on display come from?
Who is one of the designers of the Art Deco style?
Who are the two most recent designers of Art Nouveau glass?
When was the main gallery redesigned?
Who designed the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine?
When did the gallery covering contemporary glass open?
Who created the chandelier in the rotunda at the Museum's main entrance?
What century is the Luck of Edenhall from?
How many British drawings are in the collection?
How many old master works are in the collection?
Who is one of the artists whose work is included in the collection?
Along with Dürer, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, Bernardo Buontalenti and Antonio Verrio, what famous artist is represented in the collection?
Who is one of the artists represented in the collection?
How many costumes are in the V&A's costume collection?
Where are costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper held at the V&A?
Why is the V&A's costume collection dominated by fashionable clothes?
When did the V&A receive the Talbot Hughes collection?
Who gave the V&A the Talbot Hughes collection?
When did the Museum acquire the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes?
Who was the designer of the Costiff collection?
How many Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
Which designer's collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes was acquired in 2002?
What type of fashion does the museum continue to acquire?
The Soulages collection contains objects from what two periods?
When was the Soulages collection acquired?
What was the John Jones Collection?
When was the John Jones Collection of French 18th century art and furnishings left to the museum?
How much was the John Jones Collection worth in 1882?
When were the inlaid doors from Antwerp City Hall dated?
Who is the set of doors from Antwerp City Hall attributed to?
When was the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated?
Where is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet from?
Along with Le Corbusier, Marcel Breuer and Giò Ponti, who are two modernists in the collection?
How many items are in the museum's jewellery collection?
The jewellery collection of the Royal Institute dates back to what ancient civilization?
When was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of 154 gems bequeathed?
How many gems did Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend give to the museum in 1869?
Who funded the new jewellery gallery?
What are the two sections of the collection?
When was the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark?
How many tonnes is the Hereford Screen?
Who designed the Hereford Screen?
How many objects are made from silver or gold?
When was the Gloucester Candlestick dated?
What was the Gloucester Candlestick made from?
Who is the Becket Casket dedicated to?
When was the Becket Casket dated?
What was the Becket Casket made from?
How many people signed an online petition against the closing of the Musical Instruments gallery?
Who said that the museum intended to preserve and care for the collection and keep it available to the public?
What museum hosted a joint exhibition with the V&A of musical instruments?
How many instruments did the Horniman Museum loan to the V&A?
When did the Musical Instruments gallery close?
How many British paintings are in the museum?
How many European oil paintings are in the museum?
How many British watercolours are in the museum?
Who loaned the Raphael Cartoons to the museum?
Who painted the Spanish tempera on wood?
When did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
How many paintings did John Sheepshanks donate in 1857?
What was the intention of John Sheepshanks' donation to the museum?
What was the most significant of Constable's 1821 oil sketches?
What nationality of artists did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
What type of art are the French paintings in the collection?
Who did François Boucher paint in 1758?
What is an example of a French painting that was part of the Jones bequest of 1882?
Who was the subject of the portrait by François Clouet?
Who took the photographs of Animal Locomotion of 1887?
When were Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion taken?
How many plates are in Eadweard Muybridge's Animal Locomotion?
What do the photographs in Muybridge's Animal Locomotion capture?
Who's society portraits are in the museum?
The V&A has the most comprehensive collection of what type of sculpture in the world?
How many objects are in the V&A's sculpture collection?
What time period does the V&A's sculpture collection cover?
What uses of sculpture are represented in the V&A's collection?
Who does the museum jointly own Canova's The Three Graces with?
What is the name of Bernini's most famous piece?
What is the largest item from Italy in the museum?
Who designed the Chancel Chapel?
When was the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence dated?
How many works of Rodin are in the museum?
Who gave the sculpture of Rodin to the museum in 1914?
When did the sculptor give his works to the museum?
What war did Britain support in 1914?
What is the name of the statue that was purchased in 1902 by public subscription?
Along with Sir Francis Chantrey, Alfred Gilbert and Eric Gill, who is a notable British sculptor whose work is in the British Galleries?
Which British sculptor's work is in the British Galleries?
Who is one of the British sculptors whose work is in the British Galleries?
Along with British sculptors, who is included in the British Galleries collection?
What two galleries opened in 2006?
The Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries extend the chronology of the works on display to what year?
How are the galleries overlooking the garden arranged?
Which two British sculptors are featured in the Dorothy and Michael Hintze galleries?
What museum lent works by Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein to the Dorothy and Michael Hintze galleries?
How many examples of textiles are in the world's largest textile collection?
What continents are represented in the collection of textiles?
How long does the collection of textiles date?
Where are the majority of the textiles in the collection?
How are the textiles classified?
What is the oldest known European tapestry?
In what century were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
Where were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
What do the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries depict?
What was the leading English tapestry manufactory in the late 17th century and early 18th century?
When was the Sicilian Tristan Quilt made?
Who designed the 'The Forest' tapestry?
When was 'The Forest' tapestry created?
Who designed the art deco period rugs?
Who designed a rug from the art deco period?
What was the former name of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries?
When did the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries open?
What does the V&A have the largest collection of in the UK?
The V&A has the biggest collection of material about live performance in the UK since which author's day?
What are the collections of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries available for?
What is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections?
What do conservators control in the museum environment?
What type of conservation makes an object more stable but also more attractive to the viewer?
Along with the V&A, what museum's collections are covered by conservation?
What type of conservation includes performing surveys, assessments and providing advice on handling of items?
What company is the Disney-ABC Television Group a subsidiary of?
When did ABC begin?
Where is the headquarters of ABC located?
Where is the headquarters of ABC?
What division of The Walt Disney Company is ABC a subsidiary of?
When did ABC launch?
What was ABC's original business?
When did ABC extend its operations to television?
What cable network did ABC buy an 80% interest in in in the 1980s?
What company did ABC merge with in the 1980s?
How many affiliated television stations does ABC have?
Who owns ABC's radio stations?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
Who imposes simultaneous substitution regulations?
Who owns ABC's radio stations?
What company owned the last radio network in the 1930s?
What were the names of the two radio networks owned by RCA?
Where did NBC Red serve?
What type of programming did the NBC Blue Network test?
What was the name of the NBC network created in 1927?
What company filed a complaint with the FCC in 1934?
When did the FCC begin a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks?
When did the FCC publish its report on the broadcasting of radio programs?
What was the principal radio network in the US in 1934?
What network did the FCC say RCA was using to eliminate any hint of competition?
Who was given the mandate to sell NBC Blue in 1941?
What network did RCA convert into an independent subsidiary?
What investment firm tried to buy NBC Blue in 1942?
Who was the president of RCA at the time of the sale of NBC Blue?
How much did Dillon, Read & Co. offer to purchase the network?
What was the name of the candy company that Edward John Noble owned?
When did the Commission authorize the purchase of the Blue Network?
Who did Edward John Noble acquire the rights to the "American Broadcasting Company" name from?
What position did Woods hold at ABC?
When did Woods leave ABC?
What did ABC use to pre-record its programming?
Who conducted symphony performances for ABC?
Which network aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman?
Who was an example of a big star that ABC was able to attract with the Magnetophon?
What type of programming did NBC Blue broadcast?
How much did Disney pay for their 33% stake in Eurosport?
What was the name of the free-to-air channel in the UK owned by the ABC Group?
When did Disney announce that it would discontinue ABC1?
What network did Disney discontinue in 2007?
Where is ABC broadcast?
In what year was program syndication completed?
What ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries?
Where did ABC sell all of its interests in international networks in the 1970s?
What did many governments want to increase their independence and strengthen?
What was ABC's first international activity?
Where did Leonard Goldenson invest in broadcasting properties in the mid-1960s?
What was the name of the Japanese television network that ABC bought a 5% stake in in 1951?
Why were CBS and NBC unable to broadcast the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II?
Why were CBS and NBC unable to broadcast the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II?
Since 2000, ABC has owned the television rights to most of what television specials?
What award does ABC hold the broadcast rights to?
In what year did A Charlie Brown Christmas debut?
What award does ABC hold the broadcast rights to?
What is the name of one of the Peanuts specials broadcast by ABC?
When did ABC begin airing Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve?
Who was Dick Clark's successor?
When did ABC first broadcast the Miss America pageant?
Where did Dick Clark's traditional countdown come from?
What cable channel took over the Miss America pageant in 2006?
What is the longest running soap opera in the history of ABC?
Since what year has Good Morning America been broadcast?
What was the name of the Procter & Gamble-produced soap opera that aired for the last nine years?
What are the names of the two talk shows on ABC's daytime schedule?
When did General Hospital begin?
What is an example of a weekend event not broadcast by ESPN?
When did ESPN take over ABC's sports division?
When is sports programming provided on some weekend afternoons on ABC?
What league does ABC have exclusive rights to the NBA Finals?
What two major tennis tournaments does ABC show in the summer?
Who was ABC's vice-president of engineering in 1947?
What channels did Frank Marx think would be requisitioned from broadcasting use and reallocated for the U.S. Army?
In what year did ABC submit five applications for television station licenses?
What channel did ABC's radio stations request to broadcast on?
How many television stations were there in the US in 1952?
How many television stations did Boston have in 1949?
What was ABC's third rival?
What two networks did ABC have less coverage than?
Who forced United Paramount Theatres to become an independent entity?
What company did United Paramount Theatres separate itself from?
How many full-time affiliates did ABC have?
What network was rumored to buy ABC in 1951?
What company lent Noble $5 million to prevent ABC from going bankrupt?
Who was the president of UPT in 1951?
Who was the founder of CBS?
When was the tentative agreement approved by UPT's board of directors?
In what year was the FCC's Sixth Report and Order released?
When did the FCC approve UPT's purchase of ABC?
What was the merged company called?
Where was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. headquartered?
When did WJZ-TV sign on the air?
When did the FCC implement a freeze on new station applications?
Where was the transmitter for KECA-TV located?
What did ABC convert 20 acres of land into?
When was The Flintstones premiered?
What decade marked the rise of family-oriented series?
Who created The Flintstones?
What decade marked the rise of family-oriented series?
In what year did Walt Disney Productions buy ABC's shares in Disneyland?
What network did Walt Disney's anthology series lose the rights to in 1988?
When did ABC and Disney's first television collaboration end?
When did ABC resume its relationship with Disney?
What did ABC's 2000 web-based campaign focus on?
Who did ABC hire to design and produce its 2001-02 identity?
What color was the ABC logo in 2001-02?
What was the name of the web-based campaign that ABC launched in 2000?
Who designed ABC's graphical identity in 1998?
In what year did ABC stop using its four-note jingles?
What was the theme tune based on?
Where is the old four-note theme tune still used?
When did the ABC logo first appear as a on-screen bug?
When did the ABC logo begin appearing throughout programs?
When was the 40th anniversary of ABC's founding?
What slogan did ABC use for the 40th anniversary of its founding in 1983?
When was the first three-dimensional version of the ABC Circle logo created?
What was the color of the bubble on the 1977 ID sequence?
What color were the letters on the 1977 ID sequence?
Who redesigned the ABC logo in 1962?
What type of typeface are the ABC logo's letters strongly reminiscent of?
Who designed the Bauhaus typeface?
When did the new ABC logo debut?
What did rumors circulate that Disney-ABC was considering a sale of in 2005?
When did ABC announce the restructuring of the group?
How many divisions did ABC announce on October 19, 2005?
In what year did ABC's average viewership decline by ten ratings points?
Along with Desperate Housewives, Lost and Dancing with the Stars, what ABC show had unexpected success during the 2004-05 season?
Who was named president of ABC in 2004?
What sport did ABC Sports and ESPN sign an eight-year broadcast rights agreement with in 2005?
When did The Bachelor debut?
Who was the CEO of Disney in 2002?
What was the name of ABC's first hit reality show?
What spinoff of The Bachelor premiered in 2002?
Who removed ABC's stations from their cable provider?
Which network ended the 2000-01 season as the most-watched network?
Which network ended the 2000-01 season as the most-watched network?
When did the FCC order Time Warner Cable to restore the stations?
In what year did TGIF end?
Where did Boy Meets World and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch move to in 2000?
To what network did Family Matters and Step by Step move in 1997-98?
When was 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire' premiered?
Who was the host of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who relaunched Millionaire as a syndicated program in 2002?
Who was the original host of Millionaire?
When did The Walt Disney Company announce an agreement to merge with Capital Cities/ABC?
What was the name of the new subsidiary that Disney created after the purchase of Capital Cities?
Who did Disney sell the four newspapers that ABC had controlled under Capital Cities to?
Who became president and CEO of ABC after Thomas S. Murphy left?
What was the name of the Aaron Sorkin-created sitcom that premiered in 1998?
When did color become the dominant format for the three broadcast television networks?
Where did ABC rank in 1965-66?
What was the title of Goldenson's 1991 book?
When did ABC's New York City flagship stations change their callsigns?
Where did ABC's New York City flagship stations move to in 1953?
Where was the WJZ calls reassigned to in 1959?
Who was appointed president of ABC in 1950?
What network did Goldenson propose a merger between UPT and?
What would have been the name of the merged DuMont and ABC?
How much money would DuMont have received as a result of the merger?
What company was UPT a subsidiary of?
What was the name of ABC's flagship show?
What was the longest running prime time comedy in U.S. television history?
What was the name of the TV adaptation of the 1947 film Wyoming Kid?
What was a remake of The Boy from Oklahoma?
Who was the most iconic of ABC's relationships with Hollywood producers?
What was the name of the wheel series that aired in 1955-56?
What was Walt Disney's brother's name?
How much did Walt want ABC to invest in Disneyland?
When did ABC agree to finance Disneyland?
What did Walt Disney and his brother want ABC to finance in exchange for producing a television program for the network?
Who spearheaded the ABC Radio special programming project for its FM stations?
Who was the president of ABC Radio in 1968?
What was the name of the radio station format created by Allen Shaw?
How many owned-and-operated FM stations did ABC have in 1968?
In what year was Movie of the Week launched?
What Spielberg film was featured in the first Movie of the Week?
In what year was Steven Spielberg's 'Duel' released?
What was the average budget of Movie of the Week films?
When did ABC complete its transition to color?
What network began to pass CBS and NBC in the ratings in the 1970s?
What did ABC begin to use to better determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising to?
What was the NFL's premier game of the week until 2006?
In what year did MNF cease to be the NFL's premier game?
To what network did MNF move to in 2006?
What was ABC's audience share of Monday Night Football?
When did the FCC pass the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
When did ABC decide to split ABC Films into two companies?
What was the name of the company that ABC Films was split into in 1972?
What did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act ban?
When did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act take effect?
Who bought ABC Great States in 1974?
Who was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC in 1972?
When did Michael Eisner join ABC?
What show did Michael Eisner help bring about?
What was Eisner's main credit at ABC?
What company did Michael Eisner leave ABC for in 1976?
Who convinced Fred Silverman to become the first president and director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
Who was the first president and director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
What was the name of the detective show that ABC premiered in 1974?
When did Good Morning America debut?
What position did Silverman hold after leaving ABC?
What was the name of the Happy Days spin-off series that debuted in 1976?
What was the name of the trend that featured attractive, often buxom women in main and guest roles?
Who was Roots based on?
Who produced The Love Boat?
How long did The Love Boat last?
In what season did NBC take first place in the ratings for the first time?
What was the name of the controversial soap opera parody that premiered on September 13, 1977?
Who was named president of ABC News in 1977?
Along with being president of ABC News, what other division did Roone Arledge lead?
What is the name of the building that was built in place of the abandoned warehouse on the corner of Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street?
When was the new building for ABC's New York City offices completed?
When was 20/20 created?
Who was the first anchor of 20/20?
Who was Hugh Downs paired with on 20/20?
Who did ABC sell its recording division to in 1979?
What was the name of ABC's 24 hour news channel?
What is the name of the 24-hour news channel that ABC launched in 2004?
What was the Flint, Michigan affiliate of ABC?
What station in Toledo, Ohio was previously affiliated with ABC?
What strike halted production of network programs for much of the 2007-08 season?
What was the name of the game show that aired during the strike?
Who started rumors that Disney would be selling the ten ABC owned-and-operated stations?
What was the name of the new division created by the merger of ABC Studios and ABC?
What was the name of the new division created by the merger of ABC Entertainment and ABC Studios?
What was the new name of ABC Radio?
On what platform did Disney-ABC Television Group partner with Apple to make individual episodes of ABC and Disney Channel programs available for purchase?
In what year did the network begin running into some trouble in the ratings?
When did Lost first debut?
What day of the week was Ugly Betty moved to in 2009?
What day of the week was Ugly Betty moved to?
When did the FCC impose fin-syn rules?
What was the name of the syndication distributor that ABC created in 1970?
What was the name of the production company created by ABC in 1970?
Who did Worldvision sell portions of its catalog to in 1990?
Who handles domestic television distribution?
What was Disney-ABC Domestic Television previously known as?
What was Disney-ABC International Television formerly known as?
What is another library that is part of the ABC library?
What were the first two stations to carry the network's programming?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
How many stations does ABC have?
What percentage of all households in the United States does ABC reach?
When was the first ABC logo introduced?
What was the ABC-UPT merger logo based on?
When did ABC begin its first color broadcasts?
When was Supernanny cancelled?
What was the only remaining program on the network's schedule that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition?
In what format has ABC's programming been broadcast since January 2012?
What was the first children's program block on any US broadcast network to feature programs available in HD?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
Most of Hearst Television's 16 ABC-affiliated stations transmit the network's programming in what format?
How many affiliates owned by various companies carry the network feed in 480i standard definition?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
What was the only forensic investigation drama to be renewed for a second season?
What was the only late-season premiere to earn a second season?
Which network did ABC outrate by a larger margin than the previous year?
What was the only drama renewal of the 2010-11 season?
What two soap operas were canceled by ABC on April 14, 2011?
Who bought the rights to All My Children and One Life to Live?
Where did Prospect Park revive the soaps for one additional season?
What show replaced One Life to Live?
What demographic did ABC drop to fourth place in the 2011-12 season?
When did NBC finish first place in the 18-49 demographic for the first time?
Which network had the most viewers in the 2013-14 season?
Along with Resurrection and The Goldbergs, what ABC show was renewed for the 2013-14 season?
What ABC show was cancelled in the 2013-14 season?
What were the names of the two family sitcoms that anchored ABC's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup?
What was Shark Tank based on?
On what day of the week did Shark Tank become a sleeper hit?
Who starred in Last Man Standing?
Who left Capital Cities in 1994?
Who took over as president of Capital Cities/ABC after Daniel Burke left?
What was the name of the gritty police procedural that debuted in 1994?
Who created NYPD Blue?
How long did NYPD Blue last?
When did the FCC repeal the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
What French animation studio did Capital Cities/ABC buy in 1993?
What cable provider did ABC sign an agreement with to carry its owned-and-operated television stations?
What was ABC's total viewership share in 1993?
What Chicago radio station did ABC buy in 1960?
When did WLS launch a new lineup of ABC Radio programming?
Who was trying to establish a television station in Toronto in 1960?
What station did Leonard Goldenson agree to acquire a 25% interest in?
What was the name of the sports anthology series that debuted on April 29, 1961?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
Who produced Wide World of Sports?
What company did Edgar Scherick run?
What was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres renamed to in 1965?
What was the name of the first blind date show to air on ABC?
What was the second series of The Dating Game called?
Where was ABC's new headquarters located?
What percentage of all prime-time television viewership was ABC in 1980?
What was the name of the opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that debuted in 1981?
What was the name of the Happy Days spinoff that aired in the 1980s?
What cable channel did ABC launch in 1981?
Who bought KXYZ in 1983?
Who did ABC arrange with to obtain an 80% stake in ESPN?
What did RCA and ABC merge to form A&E?
What was the name of the cable channel that ABC and RCA merged ARTS into in 1984?
Who did Thomas S. Murphy delegate his position as president to in 1990?
What was Burke's role at ABC?
What was Capital Cities/ABC's revenues in 1990?
What is the longest running prime time entertainment program in ABC's history?
What was the name of the sitcom that premiered in 1991?
What is the name of the soap opera that airs on ABC?
What are the names of the two talk/lifestyle shows?
When does Good Morning America air?
What is the name of the weeknight talk show?
What are the only U.S. states that do not have an ABC affiliate?
What is the low-power station in Birmingham, Alabama?
What is the low-power station in South Bend, Indiana?
What is the low-power station in Lima, Ohio?
What was the name of ABC's television production company in 1962?
What was Touchstone Television reorganized as in February 2007?
What was the original name of ABC's main production facility?
What is the name of the set of studios in New York City?
What is the name of the building that ABC owns at 1500 Broadway?
What shows are broadcast from the 42nd Street Project?
What was the block of West End Avenue renamed in 2006?
What was Peter Jennings Way the anchor of?
What is the name of ABC's traditional VOD service?
What streaming service is the Walt Disney Company a part-owner of?
When did Hulu begin offering full-length episodes of ABC's programming?
What percentage of Hulu did Disney acquire in April of 2009?
When are the most recent episodes of ABC's shows usually made available on WATCH ABC?
How many days after their initial broadcast is the most recent episode of any ABC show available on Hulu and WATCH ABC?
What does ABC on Demand disallows?
When did Disney-ABC Television Group restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu?
What design agency overhauled ABC's identity?
How many variants of the ABC logo are used on-air, online and in print advertising?
What is the name of the new custom typeface that was created for use in advertising?
What network uses the red version of the ABC logo?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have in 1954?
How many CBS affiliates did ABC have in 1954?
What act mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning?
What did the All-Channel Receiver Act mandate the inclusion of?
Where was WKST-TV located?
How much lower was the viewership of ABC programming compared to its competitors?
What station in Wheeling, West Virginia began airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel in the 2000s?
When did WTRF-TV begin airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel?
What was the Disneyland anthology series retitled on September 3, 1958?
Who pitched The Untouchables to CBS?
Why did CBS reject The Untouchables?
When did The Untouchables debut?
What was the name of ABC's film program that debuted in 1962?
What was the total revenue of ABC in 1962?
Who created The Jetsons?
What was the first television series to be broadcast in color?
When did General Hospital debut?
What company did Goldenson propose a merger with in 1965?
Who was the head antitrust regulator for the US Department of Justice?
Who filed a complaint against the merger of ABC and ITT?
When was the merger officially canceled?
What company did Thomas S. Murphy lead in 1984?
How much did Capital Cities pay for ABC?
Who loaned Capital Cities $500 million to finance the purchase of ABC?
Who did ABC and Capital Cities sell WXYZ-TV to?
What was the maximum amount of television stations that broadcasters could own in 1985?
When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities receive federal approval?
What was the combined company of ABC and Capital Cities called?
What position did Frederick S. Pierce hold?
Who became vice president of ABC Broadcasting?
Who became president of ABC News and ABC Sports?
What was the first show to end its run in 1983?
What show ended in 1984?
Which network regained the ratings lead among the Big Three in 1984?
What show ended its run in 1986?
What did ABC focus on in the mid-1980s?
What was the name of the family-friendly Friday night program that debuted in 1989?
What did "TGIF" stand for?
Who produced many of the TGIF shows?
What studio was Miller-Boyett Productions a part of?
How many radio stations could ABC own in 1968?
What was the name of the first film ABC Pictures released?
Who directed the film Charly?
When was ABC Motion Pictures dissolved?
Where was ABC Marine World located?
What types of shows did the public expect to see on ABC?
How much did ABC's advertising revenues increase from 1953 to 1958?
What was the national reach of ABC?
Who was the president of ABC Entertainment in 1957?
Who was the host of American Bandstand?
What did Goldenson call ABC's philosophy?
What was an example of an ABC actioner?
Who criticized the public's enthusiasm and sponsorship for these types of shows in 1961?
What type of shows did ABC air in 1959?
What was the name of the revamp of ABC's multi-platform streaming service?
What were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on the service?
What television company reached a deal to offer ABC affiliates live streaming of their programming on the service?
What is the name of ESPN's streaming service?
What is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total?
What is the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size?
Who is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach?
How many ABC affiliates does Sinclair Broadcast Group own?
How many ABC-affiliated stations does the E. W. Scripps Company own?
What was the name of the ABC imaging campaign for the 2007-08 season?
Who developed the "Start Here" campaign?
What did the red ribbons on the ABC logo represent?
What division of ABC did the blue ribbons represent?
What are the two ABC affiliates in Tampa, Florida?
What are the two ABC affiliates in Kansas City, Missouri?
What are the two ABC affiliates in Grand Rapids, Michigan?
What was Tampa's primary ABC affiliate prior to 1994?
What empire did Genghis Khan found?
Who did Genghis Khan unite?
Where did Genghis Khan often kill civilians?
By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied what?
What dynasties did Genghis Khan invade?
Who did Genghis Khan assign as his successor?
When did Genghis Khan die?
Who did Genghis Khan defeat in 1227?
Who did Genghis Khan split his empire into khanates?
Where was Genghis Khan buried?
Where was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin's father?
When was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin named after?
What was Temüjin's sister's name?
What were Temüjin's three brothers?
Who was Temüjin's future wife?
What tribe was Börte a member of?
Who was the head of the new household?
Who was Temujin's older half-brother?
Who was Temujin's mother?
Who killed Begter?
When did Temujin's resentment erupt?
Who held Temüjin prisoner?
How was Temüjin enslaved?
Who was the father of the sympathetic guard that helped Temüjin escape?
Who joined Temüjin after his escape from Tayichi'ud?
Where did Temüjin escape from the ger?
What was used to solidify temporary alliances?
Who taught Temüjin about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
What foreign forces interfered with the political climate of Mongolia?
What did Temüjin's mother teach him about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
What tribe was Börte a member of?
Who kidnapped Börte?
Who rescued Börte from the Merkits?
What was the name of Temüjin's son?
When was Jochi born?
How many sons did Börte have?
What was the name of Börte's third son?
When did Chagatai die?
What was the name of the son of Börte that lived from 1190 to 1232?
How many daughters did Genghis Khan have?
What is a anda?
Who did Temüjin turn to for support?
Toghrul was the Khan of what tribe?
How many Keraite warriors did Toghrul offer to Temüjin?
Who was the childhood friend of Toghrul?
What group did Jamukha support?
Who made a proclamation that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Temüjin?
When was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?
In what battle did Jamukha defeat Temüjin?
Where was Toghrul exiled to?
What did Temüjin use as an incentive for absolute obedience?
What did Temüjin promise civilians and soldiers?
Who did Temüjin's mother adopt?
What did Temüjin take the conquered tribe under?
Who did Toghrul refuse to give his daughter in marriage to?
Who did Toghrul ally with?
Who did Toghrul ally with?
What tribe did Jamukha's defeat lead to the dissolution of?
Who was the next direct threat to Temüjin?
When was Jamukha elected as Gür Khan?
What was the title of Gür Khan?
Who was Jelme's younger brother?
When was Jamukha turned over to Temüjin?
What did Temüjin offer to Jamukha?
Why did Temüjin kill the men who betrayed Jamukha?
What did Jamukha ask for when he refused to return to his side?
How is the custom to die without spilling blood granted?
Who did Genghis Khan learn siege warfare from?
Who was the leader of the tribes led by Genghis Khan?
Who was Genghis Khan's loyal brother?
What did Genghis Khan use to gather intelligence?
Who was Genghis Khan's father's ally?
When did Temüjin unite or subdue the Merkits?
At what council was Temüjin acknowledged as "Khan" of the consolidated tribes?
What title did Genghis Khan receive after his death?
Who was the founder of the Yuan dynasty?
What is a Khuruldai?
What did Genghis Khan plan to conquer?
Who defected to the Mongol side?
In what year did Genghis siege, capture, and sack the Jin capital?
Where did Emperor Xuanzong move his capital to in 1215?
Who was Genghis' third son?
Who was the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation?
What dynasty was Qara Khitai a remnant of?
How many soldiers did Genghis send against Kuchlug?
Who was known as "The Arrow"?
What was Jebe's nickname?
What did the Mongols resort to?
Where was Kuchlug's army defeated?
By 1218, the Mongol Empire's control extended as far west as what lake?
What was the Khwarezmia?
What was the Khwarezmia?
Who governed the Khwarazmian dynasty in the early 13th century?
Who was the governor of the Khwarezmian city of Otrar?
Who was beheaded by the Shah?
How many soldiers did Genghis Khan organize?
What did Genghis Khan use to trade with Khwarezmia?
What mountains did Genghis Khan's army cross to enter the Khwarezmian Empire?
How many divisions did Genghis Khan divide his army into?
Where did the second division of Genghis Khan's army march to?
Along with Genghis Khan, who led the third division?
What city did the first division of Genghis Khan attack?
What was decisive in Khwarezmia's defeats?
What town did the Mongol army quickly seize?
What did Genghis Khan pour into Inalchuq's ears and eyes?
What did the Shah do at the end of the battle?
Who did Genghis Khan order to hunt the Shah down?
What was the capital of the Khwarezmid Empire?
Where was the capital moved to after the fall of Samarkand?
What did Genghis Khan divert through the Khwarezmid emperor's birthplace?
What did the Mongols use as body shields?
What did Genghis do with his surrender terms?
What was raised as a symbol of victory?
What did the city leaders do to the Mongols?
Who held the city's citadel for another twelve days?
Who were sent back to Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan declare he was?
Who was drafted into the Mongolian army?
When did the Khwarezmian Empire lose?
Who suggested that the Mongol army be split into two?
Where did the Mongols overwintered?
At what river did Subutai's forces defeat the Kievan force?
Who led the Kievan Rus?
Who was Genghis Khan's grandson?
What group did Batu lead?
Who led the famous cavalry expedition?
When did both divisions return to Mongolia?
When did Jebe die?
When did Genghis Khan begin a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts?
When did Genghis Khan take Xiliang-fu?
Who did the Tangut generals challenge to a battle near the Helan Mountains?
What river did Genghis Khan cross to take Lingzhou?
What did Genghis Khan see at Lingzhou?
What was the capital of the Tangut?
Who was the Tangut general at Deshun?
What caused Ma Jianlong's death?
Where did Genghis Khan go to escape the severe summer?
What did Genghis Khan do to the entire Tangut family?
Who was Genghis' oldest son?
Who voiced the issue over Jochi's paternity most strongly?
What event occurred just before the publication of The Secret History of the Mongols?
Who was appointed as the successor of Genghis Khan?
Which two of Genghis Khan's sons were considered unstable?
Who was considered unstable due to his temper?
Who was Genghis Khan's youngest son?
Who did Genghis Khan give the throne to?
When did Jochi die?
Where did Jochi remain in 1223?
What did Jochi try to protect from destruction?
Who did Jochi make an alliance with?
Why is the accuracy of Juzjani's story questionable?
What was the capital of Western Xia in 1227?
Where did Genghis fall from his horse?
What type of wound did Marco Polo say Genghis Khan received during his final campaign?
Who was the capital of Yinchuan?
Who did some Mongol authors believe invented the legend of Genghis Khan's death?
How did Genghis Khan want to be buried?
Where was Genghis Khan's birthplace?
What river was Genghis Khan buried close to?
What is his memorial?
What is the Mongolian name for the Lord's Enclosure?
Where was the mausoleum taken to safety?
Where was the mausoleum moved to in 1949?
When was Genghis Khan's bier and relics returned to the Lord's Enclosure?
Who destroyed most of the items in the Cultural Revolution?
When did a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncover Genghis Khan's palace?
What was diverted over Genghis Khan's grave to make it impossible to find?
What are the names of the other two kings that were buried in the same manner as Genghis Khan?
What animals stampeded over Genghis Khan's grave?
Who created the Yassa?
What was the name of the military and civilian code created by Genghis Khan?
What type of government did the Mongol Empire adopt?
Who was the exception to the rule of meritocracy?
Who was one of the diverse Khans of various ethnicities that were part of the Mongol Empire?
What did the Mongol Empire offer to religious figures?
Who was Genghis Khan's mentor?
What did Mongol tradition hold that religion was?
What were the religions of the Mongol tribes?
Who was briefly in charge of the Mongol Empire when the next male Khagan was being chosen?
What is the name of the alleged policy of encouraging trade and communication?
What was one of the sedentary peoples that Genghis Khan tried to ban?
What did the Great Yassa aim to establish?
Who did Genghis Khan invite to administer parts of the Mongol Empire?
Why did Genghis Khan need a Khitan prince?
Who did Chu'Tsai work for?
Who was Chu'Tsai a lineal descendant of?
Who did Genghis Khan put absolute trust in?
What was the capital of the Mongol Empire?
Who was given command of the Mongol forces against the Jin dynasty?
Who led the Great Raid into the Caucasus?
What did Genghis Khan expect from his generals?
What did the Mongol military divert to cut off resources for cities?
What two groups of people did the Mongols employ to aid them in siege warfare?
What was a common tactic of the Mongol military?
How did the Mongol military cut off resources for cities?
At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to what body of water?
At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Sea of Japan to what body of water?
Who was Genghis's successor?
When did the Song dynasty end?
What is Genghis Khan credited with bringing together?
In what country is Genghis Khan considered a great military leader?
Was Genghis Khan tolerant or intolerant of religions?
What effect did Genghis Khan's Silk Road have on communication between the West, Middle East and Asia?
When did the memory of Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity have a powerful revival?
What was Genghis Khan's role in?
What do Mongolians call themselves?
What is a chasm in the perception of Genghis Khan?
What do Mongolians think of the historical records written by non-Mongolians?
What is the Mongolian word for 20,000?
Who's name and likeness are endorsed on products, streets, buildings, and other places in Mongolia?
What is Mongolia's main international airport named?
Why have there been discussions about regulating the use of Genghis Khan's name and image?
Where is Mongolia's main international airport?
What was the first written Mongolian law?
What did Ikh Zasag law target heavily?
Who is the President of Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan introduce to Mongolia?
Where is there a monument and buildings about Genghis Khan?
What is the population of the Inner Mongolia region?
Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan?
What dynasty did Kublai Khan establish?
Who was Kublai Khan?
In what country did Genghis Khan's violence and depredations kill up to three-fourth of the population?
How much of the population of the Iranian Plateau was killed by Genghis Khan?
How many people did Genghis Khan kill in the Iranian Plateau?
Who was the descendant of Genghis Khan?
Who stopped Hulagu Khan's invasion of Baghdad?
Who was Hulagu's descendant?
When did Batu Khan invade Kievan Rus?
What were the only two cities to survive the Mongols' invasion of Kievan Rus?
Who were proud descendants of Genghis Khan?
Who was one of the famous Mughal emperors?
Along with Bukhara and Khwarizim Shahs, where was Attar from?
What did the Mongols call Lake Baikal?
What lake was called tenggis by the Mongols?
What does Zhèng mean?
What is the Chinese word for "right"?
What was the 13th century Mongolian pronunciation of Genghis?
What is the Mongolian spelling of Genghis Khan?
What is the Turkic spelling of the title of Genghis Khan?
What is the pinyin version of Temüjin?
What are some other names for Genghis Khan in English?
What is the pinyin spelling of Genghis Khan?
Where is the word pharmacy derived from?
What did a pharmacy sell in addition to medicines?
What did the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply?
What would the term apothecary today be seen as?
What did the pharmas also use?
What are pharmacists?
What do pharmacists strive to ensure for their patients?
What do pharmacists play an important role in?
What are pharmacists also known as?
What are pharmacists?
Who manages a pharmacy technician in the UK?
What does a pharmacy technician have to register as a professional on?
What does the GPhC do?
What is a Pharmacy Technician in the UK considered?
What is the role of a PhT in the UK?
What is Pedanius Dioscorides famous for?
What was the Latin translation of Diocles of Carystus?
What term did the title of Diocles of Carystus' book give to the study of medicinal plants?
Who was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants in Ancient Greece?
Who built upon De Materia Medica during the Islamic Golden Age?
What was the status of pharmacists in Japan at the end of the Asuka period and the early Nara period?
What defined the place of pharmacists in society in Japan?
Where were ranked positions established?
What was the status of pharmacists in Japan?
How was the pharmacist ranked in the Imperial household?
What led medicine in the Middle East to develop pharmacology?
Who was the author of the Liber servitoris?
Who pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation?
Who wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies?
What did Ibn Sahl make clear distinction between?
When did the Franciscan monastery in Dubrovnik open?
Where was the oldest pharmacy located?
What is the medieval Esteve Pharmacy now?
What does the medieval Esteve Pharmacy have?
When was the oldest pharmacy in Italy set up?
What is a dispensary subject to in most countries?
Where did pharmacists used to stay?
What are pharmacy technicians now more dependent on?
What are pharmacy technicians now more dependent upon automation to deal with?
What are some of the requirements of pharmacy legislation?
How do pharmacists in hospitals gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
What do clinical pharmacists specialize in?
Along with safety of medications, what is one of the reasons that pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists?
What type of pharmacists gain more education and training through a pharmacy practice residency?
Where can hospital pharmacies be found?
What are most hospital medications?
What have some hospital pharmacies decided to outsource to companies who specialize in compounding?
Why is it imperative that hospital pharmacies perform at the highest level possible?
Are hospital pharmacies able to offer more medications than would be feasible in a community setting?
What do pharmacists do?
Where did the clinical pharmacy movement begin?
Who do pharmacists often collaborate with to improve pharmaceutical care?
What do pharmacists often participate in?
Where do clinical pharmacists care for patients?
What is the role of a clinical pharmacist?
What does the review process often involve?
What are some of the things that a pharmacist looks at during the drug review process?
What does a pharmacist monitor for?
What are ambulatory care pharmacists given in the U.S. federal health care system?
In what states are these pharmacists given collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority?
When did the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approve ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification?
What is the official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam?
What are some of the federal health care systems?
What does a consultant pharmacy practice focus on?
Where do consultant pharmacists typically work?
What are some large pharmacy management companies?
Why are consultant pharmacists beginning to work directly with patients?
What do some community pharmacies do?
When did a growing number of Internet pharmacies begin to be established worldwide?
What type of pharmacies are many of the Internet pharmacies similar to?
What are internet pharmacies also known as?
Why do some customers prefer to go to an online pharmacy over a community drugstore?
What is the main difference between online and community pharmacies?
Why do many customers order drugs from internet pharmacies?
Who feels that only doctors can reliably assess contraindications, risk/benefit ratios?
What have there been reports of Internet pharmacies doing?
What do some internet pharmacies do?
What do most internet pharmacies do?
What is a particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
What must a prescription for a controlled substance be in order for it to be valid in the United States?
What is a particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
What must a prescription for a controlled substance be in order for it to be valid in the United States?
What is the responsibility of the filling pharmacy?
What outlines what defines a valid patient-doctor relationship?
What is an example of a controlled substance that can be obtained via the internet?
Why is there a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries?
What country has there been a push to legalize importation of medications from?
Who is the focus of enforcement of prescription medications?
Is there a known case of a U.S. citizen being charged for buying Canadian drugs with a prescription?
What has the United States been trying to do in order to reduce consumer costs?
What is pharmacy informatics a combination of?
Where can pharmacy informaticists work?
What is pharmacy informatics growing quickly to meet?
What are pharmacy informaticists trained to participate in?
How is pharmacy informatics growing?
What type of pharmacy provides lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies?
How many of the 28 newly FDA approved medications in 2013 were specialty drugs?
What are some chronic and complex disease states that specialty pharmacies supply?
What do specialty pharmacies carry?
What do specialty pharmacies provide?
How are pharmacists regulated in most jurisdictions?
Who may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public?
What organization's Code of Ethics allows physicians to dispense drugs within their office practices?
What percentage of American physicians reportedly dispense drugs on their own?
What can pharmacists not do?
What other country has a law that allows general physicians to dispense medicines from their practices if the nearest pharmacy is 4 kilometers away?
Where are dispensing physicians allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines?
What is the minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy?
How far away is the nearest pharmacy in Austria?
What is the reason for the majority rule?
Why does a physician exaggerate the seriousness of a condition?
What is the system of majority rule similar to?
What does a physician do in order to sell more medications to the patient?
What is the patient's interest?
What are pharmacists expected to do in the coming decades?
What are pharmacists expected to do in the coming decades?
What does Medication Therapy Management include?
What is MTM?
What is the result of MTM?
What Canadian provinces have limited prescribing rights?
Who pays pharmacists in Australia?
What are pharmacists in the UK being paid for by the government?
What has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy in the United States?
What degree is now required before entering practice?
What are the two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries?
What was also used until the early 20th century?
Where is the Bowl of Hygieia often used?
Where is the red stylized letter A used?
Where is the green Greek cross common?
What is the immune system?
What does an immune system need to detect to function properly?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What protects the brain?
What is the immune system made up of?
What does the immune system have to detect?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What does the immune system protect against?
What are viruses to parasitic worms?
What protects the brain?
What are some of the barriers that separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system?
What are viruses to parasitic worms?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What is another way the immune system can be classified?
What protects the brain?
How can pathogens avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system?
What is a rudimentary immune system in bacteria?
What type of organism is phagocytosis derived from?
What does adaptive immunity do?
What type of infection does bacteria have enzymes that protect against?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What is the process of acquired immunity the basis of?
What creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
Disorders of the immune system can result in what?
When does immunodeficiency occur?
What does immunodeficiency result in?
What can cause immunodeficiency in humans?
Along with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and systemic lupus erythematosus, what is a common autoimmune disease?
What occurs when the immune system is less active than normal?
What results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues?
What covers the study of all aspects of the immune system?
What is an example of an acquired condition?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
What type of venom did Maupertuis experiment with in the 18th century?
Who developed the germ theory of disease?
Who discovered the yellow fever virus?
Who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905?
What was confirmed as the cause of infectious disease in 1891?
What virus was discovered by Walter Reed?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
What allows the adaptive immune system to mount faster and stronger attacks each time a pathogen is encountered?
What provides an immediate, but non-specific response if a pathogen breaches the physical barriers?
What is the second layer of protection vertebrates possess?
What is found in all plants and animals?
What is the second layer of protection vertebrates have?
What allows the adaptive immune system to mount faster and stronger attacks each time a pathogen is encountered?
What prevents pathogens from entering an organism?
What type of molecules do both innate and adaptive immunity depend on the immune system to distinguish?
In immunology, what are the components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system?
The immune system's ability to distinguish between self and what are called antigens?
What are substances that bind to specific immune receptors called?
Antigens bind to what to elicit an immune response?
The innate response is usually triggered when microbes are identified by what?
What is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms?
What are pattern recognition receptors able to recognize?
What type of immune defenses are innate immune defenses?
What is an example of an insect's mechanical barrier?
What is the first line of defense against infection?
What mechanically eject pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory tract?
What is secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract?
Along with urine, what is used to flush pathogens out of the body?
What is an example of an antimicrobial peptide that the skin and respiratory tract secrete?
What enzymes are found in saliva, tears, and breast milk?
What does semen contain to kill pathogens?
What serve as powerful chemical defenses against ingested pathogens?
Vaginal secretions become slightly acidic after what?
What serves as biological barriers?
Most antibiotics do not affect what?
What bacteria is normally found in unpasteurized yogurt?
What do commensal flora change in order to prevent pathogens from reaching sufficient numbers to cause illness?
What is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection?
What causes the symptoms of inflammation?
What is inflammation produced by?
What produces fever and the dilation of blood vessels associated with inflammation?
What is responsible for communication between white blood cells?
What cells are responsible for engulfing pathogens?
How can phagocytes be called to specific locations?
What is the intracellular vesicle that a pathogen is trapped in?
What does a lysosome and a phagocyte fuse to form?
What did phagocytosis evolve as a means of?
What are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
Along with macrophages, what type of phagocyte travels throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
What percentage of the total circulating leukocytes are neutrophils?
What is the process in which neutrophils migrate to the site of inflammation called?
What regulatory factor do macrophages produce?
What are the second arm of the innate immune system?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
Innate cells are important mediators in the activation of what?
What are phagocytes?
What are phagocytes in tissues that are in contact with the external environment?
What are dendritic cells similar to?
Dendritic cells present antigens to what?
Dendritic cells present antigens to what?
What term describes cells with low levels of a cell-surface marker called MHC I?
What are NK cells?
What is the term for cells with low levels of a cell-surface marker?
What puts the brakes on NK cells?
The adaptive immune system evolved in what type of animal?
What is the process of recognizing non-self antigens called?
Antigen specificity allows the generation of responses that are tailored to what?
What are the two major subtypes of T cells?
What type of T cells have a role in modulating immune response?
Killer T cells only recognize antigens coupled to what?
What do helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to?
What is the third minor subtype of T cells that recognize intact antigens that are not bound to MHC receptors?
What is a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses?
What is the name of the co-receptor on the T cell that helps recognize the MHC:antigen complex?
What binds to the specific antigen in a complex with the MHC Class I receptor?
What is a protease?
What is an example of a cytotoxin?
The MHC:antigen complex is also recognized by the helper cell's what?
How many receptors on the helper T cell must be bound by an MHC:antigen in order to activate the helper cell?
How can killer T cells be activated?
What does the activation of a resting helper T cell cause it to release?
What is another name for CD154?
Gamma delta T cells share the characteristics of what?
What do Gamma delta T cells possess?
What is a component of adaptive immunity?
What do γδ T cells rearrange TCR genes to produce?
What type of human cells respond within hours to common molecules produced by microbes?
What identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen?
How is the antigen/antibody complex processed into peptides?
What does the helper T cell release to activate the B cell?
When B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become what?
What is it called when a person's memory cells become long-lived?
What are two forms of immunological memory?
What do memory cells remember?
Newborn infants have no prior exposure to what?
What type of antibody is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta?
What contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant?
What is it called when a fetus does not actually make any memory cells or antibodies?
Hormones can act as what?
Female sex hormones are known immunostimulators of what?
What autoimmune disease strikes women preferentially?
What is the effect of testosterone on the immune system?
What protein has been shown to be closely intertwined with both T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms?
What are some chronic conditions that can be caused by the disruption of natural light and dark cycles?
What can cause lower antibody production and a lower immune response?
What is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals?
What does the skin become less adept at producing as a person ages?
What is regulated by the immune system?
What does UVB radiation cause a person to produce less of?
What does the immune system use to destroy abnormal cells?
What are tumor antigens presented on?
Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to what?
What is generated against tumor cells?
What type of cells do plants lack?
What are PAMPs?
What happens to cells at the site of infection?
What is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent?
What is particularly important in the systemic response?
Overactive immune responses comprise the other end of immune dysfunction, particularly what?
What does the immune system fail to properly distinguish between?
Where are specialized cells located?
Under normal circumstances, many T cells and antibodies react with what?
What occurs when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive?
The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in which two groups?
When do immune responses begin to decline?
What are common causes of poor immune function in developed countries?
What is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries?
What is the most effective manipulation of the immune system mankind has developed?
What is another name for vaccination?
What is the principle behind vaccination?
What does vaccination exploit?
What do bacteria release to digest a physical barrier?
What type of secretion system allows bacteria to insert a hollow tube into the host cell?
What are proteins in a type III secretion system used to do?
What does the success of any pathogen depend on?
Who developed the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What triggers a destructive immune response?
What was the CST later modified to reflect new discoveries regarding?
Who suggested the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What is the most powerful of the anti-inflammatory drugs?
Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in conjunction with what?
What are two examples of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs?
What is an example of an immunosuppressive drug?
What cells peak during wake periods?
What anti-inflammatory molecules peak during awake active times?
What can cause inflammation to occur during sleep?
What does melatonin counteract during sleep?
What does a T-cell extend when it encounters a foreign pathogen?
What is the steroid hormone version of vitamin D?
What relationship do T-cells have with vitamin D?
What is the gene responsible for converting the pre-hormone version of vitamin D into the steroid hormone version, calcitriol?
What are other immune system cells that express CYP27B1?
What are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens?
What is the main form of invertebrate systemic immunity?
Along with the complement system, what cells are used by most forms of invertebrate life?
Along with Ribonucleases, what is thought to play a role in the immune response to viruses?
What are some of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system?
What are two examples of primitive jawless vertebrates?
What is the name of the large array of molecules that primitive jawless vertebrates possess?
The evolution of what occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates?
In invertebrates do not generate what?
What is the unique defense mechanism that bacteria use to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
What is the restriction modification system used by bacteria to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
Prokaryotes use what type of sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that they have come into contact with in the past?
What two theories did the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century see a battle between?
Who represented the cellular theory of immunity?
What did Elie Metchnikoff believe were responsible for immune responses?
Who held the humoral theory of immunity?
What did the humoral theory of immunity say the active immune agents were?
What do some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become?
Tumor cells often have a reduced number of what on their surface?
What does a tumor release that suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes?
TGF-β suppresses the activity of what?
What is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues?
How many classes of hypersensitivity are there?
What type of hypersensitivity is an immediate or anaphylactic reaction?
What triggers degranulation of mast cells?
What occurs when antibodies bind to a patient's own cells?
What is another name for hiding within the cells of a host?
What is an example of a food poisoning bacterium?
What is the eukaryotic parasite that causes malaria?
What bacteria lives inside a protective capsule?
What is Staphylococcus aureus' protein?
What is it called to rapidly change non-essential epitopes on the surface of a pathogen while keeping essential epitopes concealed?
What is an example of a virus that mutates rapidly?
What parasite uses a similar strategy?
What is another common strategy for avoiding detection by the immune system?
What is it called to identify and eliminate tumors?
What causes cervical cancer?
What enzyme transforms certain skin cells into tumors?
What are tumors caused by tyrosinase called?
What is an example of a skin cell that is transformed into tumors?
What size of drug can provoke a neutralizing immune response?
What amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions?
What is the study of large sets of proteins involved in the immune response?
A publicly accessible database has been established for the cataloguing of epitopes from pathogens known to be recognizable by what?
What is the emerging field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity?
What hormones are increased during the slow-wave-sleep stage?
The milieu of hormones produced at this time support the interactions between T-cells and what?
The milieu of hormones produced at this time support the formation of long-lasting immune memory through the initiation of what immune responses?
The milieu of hormones produced at this time support the formation of long-lasting immune memory through the initiation of what?
What do complement proteins bind to on the surfaces of microbes?
How can the deposition of complement kill cells directly?
The speed of the response is a result of what?
What is the name of the cascade that amplifies the initial signal by controlled positive feedback?
What is one of the many ways people have rebelled against unfair laws?
What was the cause of civil disobedience in South Africa?
What was the name of the movement to bring independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union?
In what country was the Orange Revolution?
In what country was the 2003 Rose Revolution?
Who started the 1919 Revolution?
Who did Egyptians rebel against in the 1919 Revolution?
What type of resistance has civil disobedience been used in?
What have people rebelled against?
What was the name of the civil disobedience movement in America?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who was Oedipus?
Who is the current King of Thebes?
Who was the former King of Thebes?
What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who wrote the play Antigone?
Who is trying to stop Antigone from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial?
What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What does Antigone tell Creon that she must do?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What type of protest is The Mask of Anarchy?
What was the name of Gandhi's doctrine of nonviolent protest?
What did Gandhi often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy during his campaign for?
Who wrote Civil Disobedience?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What did Shelley think was wrong with his time?
What is The Mask of Anarchy the first modern statement of?
What was the name of Gandhi's work that was influenced by Shelley's The Mask of Anarchy?
Who wrote Satyagraha?
What did Vice President Agnew say civil disobedience has become a code-word for?
Who said the term civil disobedience has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has been argued that the term civil disobedience has always suffered from?
What has the term civil disobedience become in modern times?
What has happened to the term civil disobedience in modern times?
Who said the term civil disobedience has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What did Vice President Agnew consider civil disobedience to be?
For whom did the term civil disobedience become a code-word?
What has been argued that the term civil disobedience has always suffered from?
Who wrote that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible"?
How difficult is it to create a single all-encompassing definition of the term of civil disobedience?
What does LeGrande encourage a distinction between?
What type of problems does LeGrande say a student of civil disobedience quickly finds himself surrounded by?
What type of terminology has no more or less meaning than the individual orator intends it to have?
Who wrote that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible"?
What type of literature does LeGrande say a student of civil disobedience quickly finds himself surrounded by a maze of semantical problems?
What does LeGrande say a student of civil disobedience quickly finds himself surrounded by?
Along with violent civil disobedience, what type of disobedience does LeGrande encourage?
Along with lawful protest demonstration and non violent civil disobedience, what type of disobedience does LeGrande discourage?
What is it called when two public agencies conflict?
Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to what relation to the state?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to?
Why would a head of government refuse to enforce a decision of a country's highest court not be considered civil disobedience?
What is it called when the head of government refuses to enforce a decision of a country's highest court?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to?
What would not be civil disobedience?
Who would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen?
What type of citizen would a head of government be acting in if they refused to enforce a decision of a high court?
A constitutional impasse occurs when two public agencies, especially two equally what, conflict?
Who argued that the individual is the final judge of right and wrong?
What did Thoreau advise a confused taxman to do?
Is the majority of the population always right?
What did Thoreau advise a confused taxman to do when he refused to pay?
Who did Thoreau believe could express the will of the majority?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who argued that the individual is the final judge of right and wrong?
What did Thoreau advise a confused taxman to do when he refused to pay?
Is the majority of the population always right?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against what?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects "a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken."
What does Brownlee argue that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to what?
What does Brownlee argue the same principle applies to breaches of law in protest against?
Who argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects "a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken"?
What does Brownlee believe must be the reason for disobedience in opposition to non-governmental agencies?
What do some theories of civil disobedience hold?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects "a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken."
What does Stephen Eilmann argue should take the form of?
What type of disobedience does Stephen Eilmann believe is more effective?
What did Hitler's secret police want to know?
Where can civil disobedience be traced back to?
Who refused a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did it?
What must happen in order for lawbreaking to be considered civil disobedience?
What does Stephen Eilmann argue it is necessary to disobey?
What might a lawyer do to help a client overcome legal obstacles?
What did the Fully Informed Jury Association's publication "A Primer for Prospective Jurors" note?
Where can civil disobedience be traced back to?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is more destructive than civil disobedience?
What do civil disobedients' refraining from violence help preserve?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What type of civil disobedience has there been debates about?
What is more destructive than civil disobedience?
What is rebellion considered to be compared to civil disobedience?
Why is it said that civil disobedients' refraining from violence is a good idea?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who did Ferenc Deák lead?
Who was the leader of the Hungarians?
What acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
What are some examples of things that can be changed by civil disobedience?
What is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
Why is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the goal of non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
When did the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience take place?
What did the Jews do to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem?
How was Thoreau's arrest covered?
What happened to the tax collector who arrested Thoreau?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
When did the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience take place?
Why did Jews gather in the streets?
What do some activists do when they are arrested?
What is it called when a group of people refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
What type of acts have civil disobedients chosen?
What is the purpose of illegal protests?
What group brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the US Government?
How long did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna?
Why did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna for 738 days?
What have civil disobedients chosen a variety of?
What is an example of a civil disobedience act Bedau describes?
What type of protests may serve a propaganda purpose?
What does the provision of medication to the sick directly achieve?
Who lived in Luna for 738 days?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
What did Joseph Haas say in an email?
What is pure speech?
What was the result of WBAI broadcasting the track "Filthy Words"?
When was FCC v. Pacifica Foundation decided?
What type of behavior can civil disobedience consist of engaging in?
What did WBAI do that led to the Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation?
What is a classic way of expressing defiance toward the government?
What did Joseph Haas do to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city council?
What do some forms of civil disobedience make it more difficult for?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What type of coercion might civil disobedients find it necessary to employ to get their issue onto the table?
What might illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes and sit-ins be considered?
What is an example of a form of civil disobedience?
What do civil disobedients have to use in order to get their issue onto the table?
What is the conscientious aim of civil disobedients?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
Many of the same decisions and principles that apply in civil disobedience cases also apply in what?
What may a suspect need to decide about his property?
What can serve no useful purpose?
Why have some civil disobedients found it hard to resist responding to investigators?
What do some civil disobedients do to make an impression on police?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to do?
What do some civil disobedients believe?
What do some civil disobedients not believe in?
What group of people don't believe in the legitimacy of any government?
What do anarchists see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law?
What is an important decision for civil disobedients?
What do some people believe is a civil disobedient's duty to do?
What does a civil disobedient have to say in order to plead not guilty?
What does pleading not guilty send a message of?
What is it called when a defendant says "I plead for the beauty that surrounds us"?
Where was the protest held in 1957?
Why were the protesters at Camp Mercury arrested?
What happened to the protesters when they tried to enter the test site?
What was the alternative to pleading guilty or not-guilty?
What was the sentence given to the arrested protesters?
Why may protesters choose to go to jail?
Why might protesters go to jail?
What is the key point of Howard Zinn?
What does Howard Zinn say is an accession to 'the rules'?
What does the prosecution propose to civil disobedients?
What did the Camden 28 defendants receive for pleading guilty to one misdemeanor count?
What do some activists use to secure the same plea bargain for everyone?
What is it called to plead guilty without a plea agreement?
Who pleaded guilty and told the court, "I am here to... submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime?
What type of speech can a civil disobedience defendant make in allocution?
What is the purpose of a speech in allocution?
What did the Court of Appeals say Burgos-Andujar's statement suggested?
What did Burgos-Andujar say about her illegal actions?
What did the protesters complain about?
What is the primary goal of a defendant pleading not guilty?
What do defendants do if they plead not guilty?
What do defendants use the proceedings as a forum to do?
During what era did the Chicago Eight use a political defense?
What do some civil disobedients seek?
What is neither conscientious nor of social benefit?
What does Bayles argue about general disobedience?
What has been argued that is not civil disobedience?
A protestor who attempts to escape punishment by committing a crime covertly and avoiding attribution is generally viewed as what?
What is one way a protestor can avoid punishment?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not the object of protest?
What type of disobedience involves violating a law which is not the object of protest?
During what war did courts typically refuse to excuse the perpetrators of illegal protests?
What did the judge instruct the jury to disregard?
Why have Fully Informed Jury Association activists been able to avoid prosecution?
Along with deterrence, what is a major goal of criminal punishment?
What is the most important consideration in deciding whether or not to impose punishment?
Who decides whether or not to impose punishment?
What does Brownlee argue that the threat of punishment focuses on instead of what?
What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure?
What does construction differ from?
How much of the gross domestic product of developed countries does construction make up?
What does construction start with?
For whom does construction typically take place on location?
Who normally manages the job?
Who supervises the construction of a megaproject?
What is essential for the successful execution of a project?
What are the largest construction projects called?
Who must consider zoning requirements?
What are the three sectors of construction?
What are the two divisions of building construction?
What is infrastructure often called?
What includes large public works, dams, bridges, highways, water/wastewater and utility distribution?
 refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants are examples of what?
What is ENR?
What is the name of the trade magazine for the construction industry?
In what year did ENR compile the data in nine market segments?
What did ENR use to rank heavy contractors?
What are the three subsectors of construction?
What are two other categories for companies that manage construction projects without taking direct financial responsibility for completion?
Which two classification systems have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction?
What is a construction manager?
What is the process of adding structure to real property?
What are the majority of building construction jobs?
Who acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project?
What are some undesirable end results of building construction?
What do people with experience in the field of building construction do to ensure a positive outcome?
What must residential construction practices, technologies, and resources conform to?
What dictates the construction materials used?
What can residential construction generate?
What can vary dramatically on a per square meter basis for houses?
What is making new techniques of building construction possible?
How long does it take to build a small commercial building using 3D printing?
Are working versions of 3D-printing building technology already printing?
How much building material can 3D-printing building technology produce in an hour?
What is the purpose of a formal design team?
In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of what?
Who is the design team most commonly employed by?
Who provides the bill of quantities for a bid?
Who does the owner typically award a contract to?
The modern trend in design is toward integration of what?
In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be what?
What is the term for a firm that offers itself as what for a construction project?
What is it called when a contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction?
What are some project structures that can assist the owner in this integration?
A project structure allows the owner to integrate the services of what?
What are many companies putting more emphasis on?
What can a construction project suffer from?
When do underbids happen?
When do cash flow problems exist?
What is a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field?
Who are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project?
What is highly likely to be present even in relatively small projects?
Who studies the expected monetary flow over the life of the project?
Why have there been cost overruns with government projects?
Who applies expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation?
What must a project adhere to?
Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit who?
What is malum in se considerations?
What are malum prohibitum considerations?
Who may seek changes to the law that governs the land where the building will be built?
What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?
What is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties?
What does the time element in construction mean?
What must a contract be designed to ensure?
What type of contracts lead to confusion and collapse?
What type of contracting involves a co-operation between the principal and contractor?
What is PPs?
What does PPP stand for?
What is the focus on?
Who acts as the project coordinator?
What does the architect or engineer act as in the most common method of construction?
What are the direct contractual links between?
Who has a direct contractual relationship with the architect's client?
When does the procedure continue?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
What type of contractor presents different ideas about how to accomplish the goals of a project?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
What type of contractors work together to build a project?
What happens after the first phase of a project is built?
Who is required to verify and have existing utility lines marked before digging?
What does marking existing utility lines reduce the likelihood of?
What are some of the utilities that need to be marked before digging?
Who inspects a building periodically during the construction of a building?
What may be issued after a final inspection has been passed?
What was the annual revenue of the US construction industry in 2014?
How much of the industry's revenue is private?
How many contractors were there in 2005?
How many employees did the average contractor have in 2005?
How many women were employed in the construction industry in 2011?
What is the average earning for a professional in the Middle East?
What is the average earning in the UK for a professional in the construction industry?
Where have some construction workers made more than $100,000 annually?
What is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world?
What is one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers?
What are other major causes of fatalities in the construction industry?
What can curtail the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry?
What are private schools also known as?
What type of scholarship might a student in a private school have?
What do private schools charge their students?
What right do private schools retain?
What is the average annual tuition at a preparatory school in New England?
What is another name for 'free'?
Along with the United Kingdom and Canada, what Commonwealth country uses the term "tuition-free" to refer to primary and secondary schools?
What country covers the whole gamut of educational activity?
What is year twelve known as?
What is another name for year 13?
What is another name for university-preparatory schools?
Along with the location of the school, the willingness of parents to pay and the school's financial endowment, what is a factor in determining the cost of private secondary schools?
Who do private schools claim high tuition is used to pay higher salaries for?
What type of school is parochial?
Along with Protestants, Jews, Muslims and Muslims, what religious group is represented in the K-12 private education sector?
What type of education do some private schools teach?
What is a tool not readily available to government schools?
What is a compulsory uniform in Australian private schools?
Are private schools in Australia more or less expensive than public schools?
Along with the Anglican Church and Uniting Church, what is an example of a large religious foundation?
What type of school is St Joseph's College?
Where is St Aloysius' College located?
For what gender are Loreto Normanhurst and Monte Sant Angelo Mercy College?
In what article of the Grundgesetz is the right to create private schools in Germany?
What is the unusual protection of private schools?
What was the percent of pupils in private schools in Germany between 1992 and 2008?
What was the percent of students in private high schools in Germany in 2008?
What was the percentage of students in private schools in the former GDR in 1992?
What forbids segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents?
What are ordinary primary or secondary schools?
How much do most Ersatzschulen charge in tuition?
What are secondary or post-secondary schools called in Germany?
What type of school are most of the Ergänzungsschulen?
What do Ergänzungsschulen charge their students?
What type of groups often run Ergänzungsschulen?
What are private schools called in India?
Along with the CISCE and NENBSE, what is the most prominent Examination Board in India?
How many different Examination Boards are there in India?
Who provides the broad policy directions for the administration of private schools?
Along with non-profit trusts, who can run schools in India?
In what country can only non-profit trusts and societies run schools?
What does ASER stand for?
What does ASER do?
What is the medium of education in private schools?
What are private schools in Ireland called?
Why are private schools unusual in Ireland?
What is the average fee for a private school in Ireland?
What is an example of a religious order that runs a private school in Ireland?
What is the average fee for a private school in Ireland?
When was Malaysia's independence?
What language were primary schools allowed to retain?
What language are Chinese secondary schools required to change to?
What type of school system did the government want all schools to be assimilated into?
How many Chinese schools converted to National Type schools?
What are schools that accept government funds called?
How are private 'un-aided' schools funded?
Where is the Galaxy Public School located?
What is the medium of education in Nepal?
Along with English, what is the state's official language?
How many private schools are in New Zealand?
How many students attended private schools in New Zealand in April 2014?
What percentage of New Zealand's student population is in private schools?
What type of school system integrated in New Zealand in 1979-1984?
What is the largest city in New Zealand?
What type of school is King's College?
Where is Samuel Marsden Collegiate School?
Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College are examples of what type of school?
Where is Rangi Ruru Girls' School?
What is the name of the Catholic schismatic group in Wanganui?
What percentage of primary enrollment does the private sector account for in the Philippines?
What percentage of secondary enrollment does the private sector account for?
What percentage of tertiary enrollment does the private sector account for in the Philippines?
When was the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools issued?
Along with English, mathematics and English, what subject was replaced with values education for third and fourth years in the Philippines?
What scheme provides financial assistance for students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows?
What is the name of the program that provides financial assistance to students enrolled in priority courses?
What is made available to underprivileged, but deserving high school graduates?
What law recognizes two categories of schools in South Africa?
When was the South African Schools Act passed?
What does the South African Schools Act of 1996 recognize?
What type of school is independent?
In what century were some of the oldest church schools in South Africa established?
What is the legal form of Model C still used to describe?
Do Model C schools produce better or worse academic results than government schools formerly reserved for other race groups?
Do former Model C schools tend to set higher or lower school fees than other public schools?
What percentage of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008?
How many students does Kunskapsskolan teach?
How many employees does Kunskapsskolan have?
What does Kunskapsskolan mean?
What type of school is Sweden internationally known for?
At what age do Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils to enter public schools?
What is the name given to private schools that are open to pupils from anywhere?
What percentage of children in the UK are attending fee-paying schools?
At what age do Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils to enter public schools?
What is the average annual fee for day pupils in the UK?
What was the name of the 1954 court case that demanded US schools desegregate "with all deliberate speed"?
Since the 1970s, many of what have shut down?
In what part of the US did many white students migrate to private schools?
What race of students migrated to private schools in the South?
What type of students became more heavily concentrated in public schools in Mississippi?
Along with tuition, scholarship/voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals, what type of funding is provided for private schools?
The Establishment Clause of what amendment of the Constitution forbids government funding of religious schools?
What amendment of the First Amendment forbids government funding of religious schools?
What type of status would a non-religious private school prefer over public funding?
In what state was compulsory education first introduced?
When did private schooling begin in Massachusetts?
When was Pierce v. Society of Sisters decided?
What was Pierce v. Society of Sisters?
What is the most relevant Supreme Court case on private schooling?
What was the annual tuition for day schools in New York City in 2012?
How much did boarding schools in the US charge in 2012?
What is an example of a leading boarding school with a large endowments?
The Groton School's endowments were supplemented by what type of drives?
Who was the first benefactor of Harvard?
When did the undergraduate college become coeducational?
Who led Harvard through the Great Depression and World War II?
What organization was Harvard a founding member of in 1900?
Who was the president of Harvard from 1869-1909?
What is the world's largest academic and private library system?
How many libraries does the Harvard Library have?
How many volumes does the Harvard Library have?
How many U.S. presidents have graduated from Harvard?
How many Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Harvard?
Where is the main campus of Harvard located?
How much is Harvard's financial endowment?
The business school and athletics facilities of Harvard are located across what river?
How many academic units does Harvard have?
Where is the main campus of Harvard located?
When was Harvard formed?
In what colony was Harvard formed?
When was the first known printing press brought to Harvard?
When was Harvard College renamed?
When was the charter for the Harvard Corporation granted?
Who did the college train in the early years?
What type of curriculum did the college offer?
Was the college affiliated with any particular denomination?
When did the president of Harvard Joseph Willard die?
Who was appointed to the presidency of Harvard two years later?
When was Henry Ware elected to the chair of Harvard?
Who was the author of the natural history lectures in 1846?
Along with observation, what did Agassiz combine with his views on science?
Who were the two Scottish philosophers that influenced Common Sense Realism?
Who was the most crucial figure in the secularization of American higher education?
What type of convictions did Eliot have?
From whom did Eliot's Unitarian convictions derive?
Who was president of Washington University from 1933 to 1953?
What did James Bryant Conant devise programs to do?
When was the Report published?
How many men attended Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe?
When did Harvard and Radcliffe merge?
What happened after the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe in 1977?
How far away is the State House from Harvard's main campus?
How many residential houses do sophomore, junior, and senior undergraduates live in?
What body of water is south of Harvard Yard?
Where are the other three residential houses located?
Where is the Harvard Business School located?
What is the name of the pedestrian bridge that connects the Harvard Business School and the Cambridge campus?
Where are the Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and the Harvard school of Public Health located?
What percentage of land does Harvard own in Allston?
What are some proposals to connect the Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus?
What are some of the benefits of the expansion of the Allston campus?
How many professors, lecturers, and instructors instruct students at Harvard?
How many undergraduates are there at Harvard?
How many graduate students are there at Harvard?
When was the color crimson officially adopted by the student body of Harvard?
When did Charles William Eliot buy red bandanas for his crew?
What was Harvard's endowment worth in 2011?
How much did Harvard's endowment lose in 2008-09?
What was the name of the construction project that was halted in 2011 due to protests from local residents?
How much was Harvard's Pell Grant reserve in 2012?
What was Harvard's total financial aid reserve in 2012?
When was the divestment from South Africa movement?
Who gave a speech at Harvard in the late 1980s?
How much did Harvard reduce its South African holdings by?
How many students were accepted to Harvard for the class of 2019?
When did Harvard College end its early admissions program?
Why did Harvard College end its early admissions program in 2007?
In what year was an Early Action program reintroduced to Harvard?
Between 1978 and 2008, entering students were required to complete what outside of their concentration?
Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete courses in how many categories?
What do The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching criticize Harvard for?
When does Harvard's academic calendar begin?
What must a student maintain to be considered full-time at Harvard?
What is the degree given to students in the top 4-5% of the class?
What percentage of students received Latin honors in 2005?
What was the annual tuition for the 2012-13 school year?
What was the total cost of attendance for the 2012-13 school year?
What did families with incomes below $60,000 pay in 2007?
How many grants did Harvard offer in 2009?
What percentage of undergraduates receive grants from Harvard?
Where is the Harvard University Library System centered?
What are the three most popular libraries for undergraduates to use?
Where is America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases stored?
How many volumes are in the Harvard University Library System?
How many museums are in the Harvard Art Museums?
What does the Fogg Museum of Art cover?
What is the name of the museum that focuses on the cultural history of the Western Hemisphere?
Since what year has Harvard consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities?
In what year did the Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities rank Harvard 1st university in the world in terms of number of alumni holding CEO position in Fortune Global 500 companies?
Where does The Princeton Review rank Harvard in terms of "dream college"?
How many intercollegiate sports does the Harvard Crimson compete in?
Who does Harvard have an intense athletic rivalry with?
When is the Harvard-Yale rivalry put aside?
When did the annual football meeting between Harvard and Yale begin?
When did Harvard Stadium introduce a new era into football?
In what year did Walter Camp support revolutionary new rules for football?
What was Walter Camp's football history?
What is the name of the multi-purpose arena that is home to the Harvard basketball teams?
What is the name of the primary recreation facility for Harvard?
How many weight rooms are in the Malkin Athletic Center?
How old is the Harvard-Yale Regatta?
On what river is the Harvard-Yale Regatta held?
What is the relationship between Harvard's ice hockey team and Cornell?
When did Harvard win the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships?
Who is the U.N. Secretary?
Who is the Colombian President?
Who is the Costa Rican president?
Who is the Israeli Prime Minister?
What is the name of the comedian and television show host?
Who was the conductor of the orchestra?
Which cellist is a notable example of a cellist?
Who was a notable civil rights leader?
Who is the Fields Medalist mathematician?
Which legal scholars are on Harvard's faculty?
What Shakespeare scholar is a member of Harvard's faculty?
What is the largest city by population in Florida?
What was the population of Jacksonville in 2010?
Where does Jacksonville rank in population in the US?
What Florida county is Jacksonville the county seat of?
When did Jacksonville's city government consolidate?
What river is Jacksonville located on?
How far is Jacksonville from Miami?
What was the name of the French colony in Jacksonville in 1564?
Who originally lived in the Jacksonville area?
Who was the first military governor of the Florida Territory?
Where does the Port of Jacksonville rank among US Navy bases?
What type of tourism is important to the Jacksonville area?
How many US Navy bases does Jacksonville have?
What are people from Jacksonville called?
How many years has the area of Jacksonville been inhabited?
Who discovered the oldest pottery in the US?
The Mocama were a coastal subgroup of what people?
In the 16th century, the beginning of what era was the region inhabited by the Mocama?
What is the name of the earliest recorded village in Jacksonville?
Who charted the St. Johns River in 1562?
What country did Ribault claim the land for?
Who did Philip II of Spain order to attack the French?
What did the Spanish rename Fort Caroline?
What was the first European settlement in Florida?
After what war did Spain cede Florida to the British?
What did the British do to connect St. Augustine to Georgia?
Why did the British call the Cow Ford?
Who ceded Florida to the British in 1763?
When did the Florida Legislative Council approve the charter for a town government?
Which side won the Battle of Olustee?
What was the first Confederate victory in Florida?
What was the name of the battle in 1864 that resulted in a Confederate victory?
What left the city disrupted after the war?
What was the name of the battle in March 1864?
During what age did Jacksonville and St. Augustine become popular winter resorts for the rich and famous?
What president attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in Jacksonville?
What caused a major blow to Jacksonville's tourism in the late 19th century?
What drew visitors to other areas?
Along with steamboat, by what means did tourists arrive in Jacksonville?
What was the cause of the mattress factory fire?
How many buildings were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1901?
What did Governor Jennings do in response to the fire?
What was the name of the largest fire in Florida history?
What type of filmmakers came to Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What type of film studios were established in Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What was Jacksonville's nickname in the 1910s?
What city became a major film production center in the 1910s?
What led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs?
What was the population of non-Hispanic white people in Jacksonville in 2010?
What was the name of the wave of middle class that left Jacksonville with a much poorer population?
Who was the mayor of Jacksonville during the boom after World War II?
After what event did Jacksonville suffer from the negative effects of rapid urban sprawl?
What happened to the city's tax base?
What areas of Jacksonville had difficulty getting municipal services?
What did the city of Jacksonville begin in 1958?
Who rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965?
What type of network were most of the city's officials elected through?
How many officials were indicted after a grand jury was convened to investigate?
What was the name of the group led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates?
What happened to all 15 of Duval County's public high schools in 1964?
What was the result of the 1967 referendum?
Who was the mayor of Jacksonville in 1968?
What was the name of the sign that marked the new border of Jacksonville?
What was the name of the plan that was promoted as a blueprint for Jacksonville's future?
What did the Better Jacksonville Plan do?
What is the total area of Jacksonville?
What river divides Jacksonville?
What is the major tributary of the St. Johns River?
What percentage of Jacksonville's land is water?
What town does Jacksonville surround?
What is the Bank of America Tower?
What was the Bank of America Tower originally called?
What is the height of the Bank of America Tower?
How many floors does the Riverplace Tower have?
What makes the Wells Fargo Center the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline?
What type of climate does Jacksonville have?
During what months does Jacksonville get the most rainfall?
What type of weather does Jacksonville have in the winter?
What is one of the reasons Jacksonville sees very little cold weather?
What was the highest temperature recorded in 1879?
What type of weather can erupt during a typical summer afternoon?
Along with rapid heating of the land, what causes thunderstorms to erupt during the summer?
In what month of the year is the average high temperature in Richmond?
What was the only hurricane to hit the First Coast with hurricane-force winds?
What was the wind speed of Hurricane Dora when it hit St. Augustine?
What hurricane hit Jacksonville on May 28, 2012?
On what scale did Dora become a strong Category 2 hurricane?
In what year did Tropical Storm Fay hit Jacksonville?
What is Jacksonville's tenth largest population?
How many people lived in Jacksonville in 2010?
What is the largest Arab population in Florida?
What is Florida's largest Filipino American community?
What percentage of households were made up of individuals?
What percentage of households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
For every 100 people over the age of 18, for which gender were there 94.1 males?
For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% own in 2000?
How many people in the world have a combined wealth equal to that of the bottom 50%?
What is the maximum amount of assets that the top percentile of people can have?
Why have Oxfam's claims been questioned?
What does Shorrocks consider the criticism about debt to be?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% own in 2000?
What do the three richest people in the world possess more of than the lowest 48 nations combined?
What was the combined wealth of the 10 million dollar millionaires in 2008?
How much of the world's wealth is now in the hands of those in the top percentile?
Why are there more poor people in the United States and Western Europe?
According to PolitiFact, how many richest Americans have more wealth than half of all Americans combined?
What newspaper said that the richest 1 percent in the US now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
According to the Institute for Policy Studies, over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans did what?
According to PolitiFact, the top 400 richest Americans have more of what than half of all Americans combined?
According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, who owns more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
What percentage of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
Who said that over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
What views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land?
What does neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What is the cause of the differences in value added within labor income distribution?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what?
How are wages and profits determined in neoclassical economics?
What does neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What is the cause of the differences in labor income distribution?
What are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor?
What are the economic actors in neoclassical economics?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what?
Why do capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor?
What happens to the organic composition of capital as a result of the substitution of capital for labor?
What happens to the "reserve army of labour"?
What does the substitution of capital equipment for labor result in for the capitalist class?
Capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for what?
Why do capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor?
What do capitalist firms increasingly do for labor inputs?
What does the substitution of capital equipment for labor raise in each worker?
What is the wages for the working class?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations?
Under what law is the price of skill determined?
What happens to employers who offer below market wages?
What will employers who offer below market wages do to take advantage of the situation?
What is the general view of high levels of inequality?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, wages are controlled by what?
Wages work in the same way as what for any other good?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations?
What can also concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society and abuse workers and consumers?
What is the general view of high levels of inequality?
What tends to drive down wages?
What is it called when there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions?
A job where there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions will result in what?
How can members receive higher wages?
What may limit the supply of workers?
A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time but few require will result in what?
What drives down the wage?
Why does competition amongst workers tend to drive down wages?
A job where there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions will result in high wages for that job.
Competition between whom will drive up the wage?
Higher economic inequality tends to increase what at the individual level?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What is another name for "push"?
What is another term for achievement-oriented motivations?
What type of entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations?
What tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level?
What is most of entrepreneurship based on?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What type of motivation is driven by opportunity-based entrepreneurship?
What type of impact does opportunity-based entrepreneurship have on economic growth?
What is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases?
In a progressive tax system, what will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
Steeper tax progressivity applied to what can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
The rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of what causes inequality?
A progressive tax is a tax by which what increases as the taxable base amount increases?
What will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What type of progressivity can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
What is an indicator for the effects of a progressive tax?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What type of education do people who are unable to afford an education choose not to pursue?
A lack of education leads directly to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment.
What group of people does education help unleash the productive potential of?
A lack of education leads to lower incomes and thus lower aggregate what?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What does education create for those with it?
A lack of education leads directly to lower incomes and thus lower aggregate savings and investment.
A lack of education leads to what?
What raises incomes and promotes growth because it helps unleash the productive potential of the poor?
What did S&P recommend to partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting slow growth?
How much money did S&P say would have been added to the economy if the average US worker had completed just one more year of school?
What did S&P say the widening disparity between the wealthiest and the rest of the country made it more prone to?
What is the name of the rating agency that concluded that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed the economy?
When did economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency conclude that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed the recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles?
When was the last recession in the U.S.?
What did S&P recommend to partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting slow growth?
How much money did S&P say would have been added to the economy if the average US worker had completed just one more year of school?
What did S&P say the widening disparity between the wealthiest and the rest of the country made it more prone to?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What happened to skilled workers during the mass high school education movement?
What happened to wages during the mass high school education movement?
What can result in low economic growth?
What did the decrease in wages cause?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers lead to?
What was the purpose of high school during the mass high school movement?
What is very important for the growth of the economy?
What can result in low economic growth?
What has remained strong in continental European liberalism?
The U.S. economy consistently affords a lower level of economic mobility than what other countries?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor market outcomes?
What type of liberalism has remained strong?
John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer point to economic liberalism and the decline of union membership as one of the causes of what?
The US economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of what?
John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer are members of what organization?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor market outcomes?
Does the U.S. economy provide a higher or lower level of economic mobility than other continental European countries?
What country with high rates of unionization has low levels of inequality?
What goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements?
What did Jake Rosenfield say has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes?
What did Rosenfield say has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than the decline of organized labor?
What is Jake Rosenfield's profession?
Where is Jake Rosenfield from?
What did Jake Rosenfield say has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes?
How high is the rate of unionization in Scandinavia?
What does Rosenfield believe high inequality goes hand-in-hand with?
What happens to low-skilled workers in rich countries when they trade with poor countries?
What happens to low-skilled workers in poor countries when they trade with rich countries?
What is another cause of rising income inequality?
What has replaced low-skilled jobs in wealthier nations?
Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from what scale?
Who may see increased wages when rich countries trade with poor countries?
What has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States?
How big is the effect of trade on inequality in America?
What has replaced low-skilled jobs in wealthier nations?
What is the income gap in Botswana?
What is the income gap in Bahrain?
Are women more likely to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of whom in the labor market?
In many countries, there is a pay gap in favor of males in the labor market due to what?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of whom?
Who is more likely to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
Who wrote Knowledge and Decisions?
How much of a difference does the US Census report show in earnings between women and men?
What type of programs help more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have what kind of distributions of wealth?
As a country develops, it acquires what?
What is one way that more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
What is Simon Kuznets?
What did Kuznets argue was in large part the result of stages of development?
As a country develops, it acquires what?
As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having what?
What do more developed countries move back to?
During what years did income inequality fall in the United States?
When did the level of income inequality begin to rise?
What sector did Kuznets' curve move from?
What sector did Kuznets' curve move from?
Who created the Kuznets curve?
What is the name of Kuznets' curve?
What has recent testing of Kuznets' theory shown it to be?
What does Kuznets' curve predict?
What may be possible for multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in at any given time?
What is the process by which newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities?
According to Piketty's theory, those who already hold wealth have what?
What does Piketty argue is the fundamental force for divergence?
What does Piketty believe generates higher returns?
Where does wealth concentrate under certain conditions?
Who are the beneficiaries of wealth concentration?
What can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society?
Who wrote Capital in the Twenty-First Century?
What does Thomas Piketty argue that larger fortunes generate?
What should serve as a brake on wealth and income concentration?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What type of skills will the market bid up compensation for?
What does Stiglitz believe is a better explainer of growing inequality?
What is the process of using political power to shape government policies financially beneficial to certain groups called?
Higher rates of health and social problems and lower rates of social goods are the effects of what?
When is there a lower level of economic growth?
What is lower in more unequal countries?
Higher rates of health and social problems and lower rates of social goods are the effects of what?
Is life expectancy higher or lower in more unequal countries?
When did Robert J. Shiller say that rising inequality is the most important problem?
What did Shiller say was the most important problem?
What effect does high and persistent unemployment have on long-run economic growth?
What can harm growth?
What type of growth does rising inequality harm?
What nationality are Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett?
Is inequality higher or lower in countries with higher rates of health and social problems?
Do countries with high levels of inequality have higher or lower rates of social goods?
How many developed countries did Wilkinson and Pickett study?
What did Wilkinson and Pickett find lower rates of social problems in states with high levels of?
What did higher material living standards lead to?
In what type of countries does the pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still hold?
What increases rapidly as per capita income increases?
Who has a higher GDP per capita than the Greeks?
How was income distributed in Japan?
What has strongly correlated with health in developed countries?
Who created an index of "Health and Social Problems"?
How many factors were used to create an index of "Health and Social Problems"?
Where did Wilkinson and Pickett find health and social problems more common?
What does the UNICEF index of "child well-being in rich countries" correlate with?
Crime has been shown to be correlated with what in society?
Most studies looking into the relationship between crime and inequality have concentrated on what?
How many studies have there been showing tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger?
What do Daly et al. estimate about half of all variation in homicide rates can be accounted for?
How much of a difference in homicide rates did Daly and others find between U.S States and Canadian Provinces?
What is the utilitarian principle?
A house that provides less utility to a millionaire as a summer home is an example of reduced what within society?
An additional dollar spent by a poor person will go to things that provide what to that person?
What happens to the marginal utility of wealth as a person becomes richer?
A society with more equality will have what?
What is more important than income?
What type of institute is the Cato Institute?
In what year was consumption inequality lower than it was in 1986?
Who wrote 'The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor'?
What is Thomas B. Edsall's profession?
What is Raghuram Rajan?
What does Rajan argue has created deep financial fault lines?
What is the most recent example of Rajan's argument?
What has political pressure developed to extend to the lower and middle income earners?
What has political pressure developed to extend to the lower and middle income earners?
What is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth spells?
High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but also what?
What happens to GDP growth if the income share of the top 20 percent increases?
An increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent is associated with what?
Which two groups matter the most for growth?
What is David Castells-Quintana?
According to economists David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms what?
What does high and persistent unemployment have a negative effect on?
Why does unemployment harm growth?
Policies aimed at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing its what will support economic growth?
What did Joseph Stiglitz present in 2009?
How did Stiglitz argue that inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What is the main reason for this shift?
What has become the secret to growth?
When did Galor and Zeira show that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development?
Is inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections beneficial or detrimental to human capital formation?
What did Perotti study in 1996?
What did Perotti find that inequality is associated with higher levels of?
What type of societies are very unequal societies?
Does high levels of inequality encourage or reduce growth in relatively poor countries?
According to Barro, high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries but do what in richer countries?
What did Barro find there was little correlation between income inequality and rates of?
Where was Robert Barro from?
When did a study of Swedish counties find a positive impact of inequality on growth?
Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming what?
When does the Kuznets curve hypothesis state that with economic development, inequality begins?
Who challenges the Kuznets curve hypothesis?
What is Thomas Piketty's profession?
What did Piketty claim reduced inequality from 1914 to 1945?
When did some theories establish possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development?
According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy were thought to offset what?
What did a 2013 report on Nigeria suggest about growth?
How long does it take for the effects of inequality to manifest as changes to economic growth?
What are longer growth spells associated with?
What must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth?
The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction can depend on what?
The growth elasticity of poverty is the effect of economic growth on what?
What organization is Ban Ki-Moon the Secretary General of?
What is economic growth not sufficient for?
What is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system?
How is much unregistered property held in informal form?
What type of property is held in informal form?
How many steps can it take in some countries to build on government land?
In some countries it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on what?
What is caused in part by income inequality?
What did David Rodda say decreased from 1984 to 1991?
Why did the number of quality rental units decrease between 1984 and 1991?
What caused rental prices to increase in East New York?
What policy made it difficult or impossible for low income residents to keep pace with rising prices?
Who shares the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care?
What are lower income people worse equipped to manage?
What describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts?
What is one way of achieving aspirational consumption?
What is the result of aspirational consumption?
What happens when there is more economic inequality?
The increase in environmental degradation is the result of the increase of what?
What is the result of the increase in emissions per person being multiplied by a multiplier?
What can be addressed/corrected while still not resulting in an increase of environmental damage?
What do socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to?
What does the private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners create?
What is the main source of income for the vast majority of the population?
How should the means of production be owned?
What do socialists argue that the means of production should be socially owned so that income differentials would be?
Who argued that government redistributes wealth by force?
How did Robert Nozick believe that government redistributes wealth by force?
How did Robert Nozick argue that government redistributes wealth?
What did Nozick believe some modern economic inequalities were the result of?
When did John Rawls argue that inequalities in the distribution of wealth are only justified?
What does the human development approach call income inequality and poverty?
Economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than what?
What is the goal of the human development approach?
How does the human development approach aim to widen people's choices?
What is agency?
What happens to a person when their capabilities are lowered?
An old, ill man cannot do what?
What may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home?
Why might people not go to work?
What can people work towards?
Who produces Doctor Who?
When did Doctor Who first air?
What is the name of the ship that the Doctor travels in?
What did the exterior of the TARDIS appear to be in 1963?
What genre is Doctor Who?
When did Doctor Who originally run?
Who was showrunner and head writer for the first five years of Doctor Who's revival?
What was the name of the single pilot episode of Doctor Who in 1981?
Who produced the first series of Doctor Who in 2005?
Who starred in the first series of Doctor Who in the 21st century?
How many actors have headlined the series as the Doctor?
Who took on the role of the Doctor after Matt Smith left the show?
What was the 2013 Christmas special called?
When does regeneration occur in Doctor Who?
Along with a new body, what does the Doctor take on after sustaining an injury that would be fatal to most species?
What planet is the main character of Doctor Who from?
What did the Doctor use to flee from Gallifrey?
What is the name of the time machine that the Doctor uses to travel across time and space?
What allows the TARDIS to take on the appearance of local objects?
Why does the Doctor's TARDIS remain fixed as a blue British Police box?
How often does the Doctor travel alone?
Who is a renegade Time Lord?
What can the Doctor do when his body is mortally damaged?
Who are the Doctor's companions?
What is the Doctor?
When did Doctor Who first appear on BBC TV?
What was the name of the second Doctor Who serial?
Why was the script rejected?
Who wrote the second Doctor Who serial?
How long was each episode of Doctor Who?
How many seasons did Doctor Who run?
Who suspended Doctor Who in 1989?
What was the name of the documentary that aired in 1989?
What did the BBC repeatedly say about Doctor Who in 1990?
On what channel was Doctor Who broadcast for 26 seasons?
What did the BBC hope to find an independent production company to do?
Who was the British expatriate who approached the BBC about relaunching Doctor Who?
On what network was the Doctor Who film broadcast in 1996?
How many viewers watched the Doctor Who film in the UK?
Where was Philip Segal from?
What was the first Doctor Who episode to air?
When did Doctor Who return?
When was the last full series of Doctor Who filmed?
Who will replace Steven Moffat in 2018?
What has happened every year since 2005?
When was the original Doctor Who series?
What version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963-1989 series?
When was the first Doctor Who telefilm released?
What are two other series relaunches that have been reboots?
What was the 1988 version of Doctor Who similar to?
When did the BBC broadcast the first episode of the new series?
How long did the first episode of the series go out?
How long was the first episode delayed?
What event caused the delay of the first episode of the show?
Why did the BBC believe that many viewers had missed the first episode?
What phrase entered British pop culture?
What museum in London named their exhibition "Behind the Sofa"?
What was the Museum of the Moving Image's 1991 exhibition celebrating Doctor Who called?
What did Digital Spy call Doctor Who in 2011?
What website called Doctor Who the "scariest TV show of all time"?
What was the most violent of the BBC's drama shows?
What percentage of the surveyed audience regarded Doctor Who as "very unsuitable" for family viewing?
Who said that Doctor Who was "sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare"?
What game did Philip Howard compare Doctor Who to?
In what newspaper did Philip Howard respond to the findings of the 1972 survey?
What has become firmly linked to the show?
What design did the BBC apply to use in 1996?
What did Anthony Coburn conceive the police box as?
Who filed an objection to the trade mark claim in 1998?
When did the Patent Office rule in favor of the BBC?
How many seasons did Doctor Who originally run?
When did Doctor Who end?
How many episodes did The Daleks' Master Plan air?
What was the name of the rogue Time Lord that the Doctor battled in season 8?
What was the name of the season 20 of Doctor Who?
In what year did the serial format change?
How long are the episodes in the 2005 revival?
On what day of the week is an extended episode of "Doctor Who" usually broadcast?
What was the name of the 2008 episode that exceeded an hour in length?
When was 'The Eleventh Hour' aired?
How many Doctor Who episodes have been aired since 1963?
What is the most common length of a Doctor Who episode?
How many Christmas specials are there?
How long is the longest Doctor Who Christmas episode?
In what year was Planet of the Dead filmed?
Who were the first two Doctors?
How many of the first six years of Doctor Who are not held in the BBC's archives?
What seasons of Doctor Who are missing from the BBC's archives?
When did the BBC stop wiping tapes and destroying "spare" film copies?
When were large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries destroyed?
How were some episodes returned to the BBC from other countries?
Who made early color videotape recordings off-air?
Along with The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve and Marco Polo, what is the only episode of The Times that has not been retrieved?
What type of film has been used to record some of the episodes?
Where can audio versions of all of the lost episodes be found?
Who released "official" reconstructions of The Invasion on VHS and DVD?
What animation studio did the BBC work with to reconstruct The Invasion?
When was The Invasion released?
What animation company animated The Reign of Terror?
When was The Invasion released on DVD?
What did producers introduce to permit the recasting of the main character?
When was the term "regeneration" first conceived?
Why was regeneration first introduced?
What did Hartnell's Doctor refer to his regeneration as?
What did the Second Doctor undergo?
How many times can a Time Lord regenerate?
How many incarnations of the Doctor were there?
What episode showed the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations?
What serials established that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times?
When was The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead released?
Who played the War Doctor in 2013?
What is the name of the 50th anniversary special of Doctor Who?
Who played the Valeyard?
What was the name of the 1986 serial in which Michael Jayston played the Valeyard?
Who were the previous two Doctors in the fictional chronology?
Who did John Hurt play in the 50th anniversary episode of Doctor Who?
In what 1973 episode did William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton return?
Who starred in the Children in Need short "Time Crash"?
What is the name of the story in which the first Doctor encounters himself?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special episode of Doctor Who?
Who starred in the 1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
What was the name of the audio drama released in 2003?
Who starred in the 2010 audio drama The Four Doctors?
Who starred in the audio drama Project: Lazarus?
In what year was the 40th anniversary of Doctor Who celebrated?
In what 2013 episode did the Eleventh Doctor clarify he was the product of the twelfth regeneration?
In what 1976 episode was it hinted that the First Doctor may not have been the first incarnation?
In what 1983 episode did the Fifth Doctor confirm that he was in his fifth incarnation?
In what 2010 episode did the Eleventh Doctor call himself "the Eleventh"?
When was Mawdryn Undead aired?
What was the first serial of Doctor Who?
Who is the Doctor's granddaughter?
In what year did the Ninth Doctor think he was the last surviving Time Lord?
What happened to the Ninth Doctor's home planet?
In what serial in 2007 did the Doctor say he didn't have a brother?
What type of character is a companion in Doctor Who?
What is the only story in which the Doctor travels alone?
Who were the Doctor's first companions?
What was Barbara Wright's job?
What is the name of one of the early companions of the Doctor?
What gender is the primary companion of the Doctor?
Who were the secondary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors?
Which Doctor was the first to travel with a married couple?
Who is the Doctor's newest traveling companion?
Who is Donna Noble?
Who was the executive producer of Doctor Who in 2005?
When did the Daleks first appear in Doctor Who?
What was introduced in series 2 of Doctor Who?
In what series did the Macra and the Master appear?
What is the name of the aliens introduced in the 50th anniversary special?
What are Doctor Who's oldest villains?
On what planet are the Daleks from?
What is the Daleks chief role in the series?
Who mutated the Daleks?
What is the main weakness of the Daleks?
Who is the Doctor's archenemy?
What is the Master?
Who played the Master in the 1996 Doctor Who movie?
What was the Master's role in Doctor Who?
Who was the first actor to play the Master?
Who played the Master in the 2007 episode "Utopia"?
What was the name of the 2007 episode in which Derek Jacobi introduced the Master?
In what year was it revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation?
What was the name of the Master's female incarnation?
Who plays the female incarnation of the Master?
Who composed the original theme?
Where was Delia Derbyshire from?
What technique was used to build up the theme?
How many seasons were there in 1979-80?
What did Grainer ask when he heard the finished result of the theme?
Who recorded the Doctor Who theme for season 18 in 1980?
Who replaced Peter Howell for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord?
What era did Keff McCulloch provide the new theme for?
Who provided a new Doctor Who theme in 2005?
What was the name of the 2005 Christmas episode?
What was the name of the 2007 Christmas special?
What radio station featured the Doctor Who theme in 2011?
In what year did Gold return as composer?
What was the number of the theme tune in 2011 on Classic FM's Hall of Fame?
Who was responsible for a new version of the theme in 2007?
Who played the Third Doctor?
What group released a disco version of the Doctor Who theme in 1978?
What number did the disco version of the Doctor Who theme reach in the UK charts?
What was the name of The Timelords single in 1988?
What was the name of The Timelords single in 1988?
Who was the most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years of Doctor Who?
What was Simpson's first Doctor Who score?
During what time period did Simpson write music for the Doctor Who stories?
What was Simpson's final Doctor Who score?
In what TV show did Simpson make a cameo appearance?
Who has performed incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
Who has performed incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
When was a Doctor Who Prom held in the Royal Albert Hall?
What was the name of the specially filmed mini-episode that featured David Tennant?
Who composed the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
How many Doctor Who soundtrack releases have been released since 2005?
What series were the first six soundtrack releases from?
What was contained in the fourth Doctor to End of Time soundtrack?
What was the name of the 2010 Christmas special?
When was the soundtrack for Series 5 released?
What was used for the First Doctor?
What Doctor Who logo had the "DW" TARDIS insignia removed?
What is the primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors?
What was used for the Third Doctor's final season?
During which Doctor's run was the "DW" TARDIS insignia placed to the right?
What event caused the first episode of Doctor Who to air the day after?
Where did Doctor Who first appear?
When did Tom Baker occasionally draw audiences of over 12 million?
When was the Dalekmania period?
On what channel are Doctor Who episodes now repeated?
When did the show's viewership peak at 16 million?
What was seen as a leading cause of the 1989 suspension of the show?
What was the most popular soap opera at the time?
What was Coronation Street?
When was the third notable period of high ratings for the show?
On what channel did The Five Doctors first appear?
In what country did Silver Nemesis air in 1988?
Where was the 1996 television film premièred on CITV?
How long before the BBC One broadcast did the 1996 television film premièred?
On what date did the 1983 20th anniversary special of The Five Doctors air?
Who has aired Doctor Who in Australia since 1965?
What did the ABC provide for the 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors in 1983?
After the closure of SF, on what channel were repeats of The Five Doctors shown?
What did the ABC do in 2003 for the show's 40th anniversary?
On what channel does the ABC broadcast the modern version of Doctor Who?
When did TVOntario pick up The Three Doctors?
What was the first show to air on TVOntario in 1976?
What Canadian cable channel aired The Three Doctors in 2009?
What show was cancelled by TVOntario due to accusations that it was racist?
Who was the science-fiction writer who introduced The Three Doctors in 1979 to 1981?
Who recorded a special video introduction for the Canadian broadcast of Doctor Who?
What was played over the closing credits of the Canadian broadcast?
What was the name of the episode that aired on 26 December 2005?
When did CBC begin airing series two?
On what day in most of the country was there a CFL double header?
In what countries are Doctor Who serials available on DVD?
How many Doctor Who serials have been released on Laserdisc?
What episode of Doctor Who was released on VCD?
What 1970 Doctor Who story was released on Blu-ray in 2013?
When was the last series of Doctor Who released on Blu-ray?
Who played the Doctor in the Seven Keys to Doomsday?
What was the name of the play in the late 1980s in which Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker played the Doctor?
What was the name of the play that Terry Nation wrote without the Doctor?
What was the name of the 1970s play in which Trevor Martin played the Doctor?
Who played the Doctor while Pertwee was ill?
What is the name of the Doctor Who spin-off series?
When did Torchwood first air?
When did the second series of Torchwood air?
What was the name of the fifth series of Torchwood?
What is the name of the fourth series of Torchwood?
Who starred in The Sarah Jane Adventures?
When did the Sarah Jane Adventures begin?
When was the third series of The Sarah Jane Adventures aired?
In what year did Matt Smith appear as the Eleventh Doctor?
Why was the final series of The Sarah Jane Adventures uncompleted?
What was the name of the 1993 charity special for Children in Need?
For what charity was Dimensions in Time produced?
What soap opera did Dimensions in Time crossover with?
What did the Pulfrich effect require?
What effect did the 3D system use in Dimensions in Time?
What was the name of the 1999 Doctor Who special made for Comic Relief?
How many segments did Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death have?
Who played the Doctor in Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death?
Who played the Doctor's second incarnation?
What was Steven Moffat's role in the revived Doctor Who?
What is another name for Star Trek: The Next Generation?
What are two Family Guy episodes that reference Doctor Who?
What Channel 4 show featured a character who was an avid Doctor Who fan?
Who is the main character on Coupling?
What are some of the young adult fantasy novels that have made references to Doctor Who?
What was the first Doctor Who-related audio release?
How long was the first Doctor Who audio?
What was the first Doctor Who audio released?
When was State of Decay released?
What was the first Doctor Who radio drama?
Who were the first series of Doctor Who audiobooks?
What was the name of the 2013 series of Doctor Who?
Who has released Doctor Who audiobooks since 1999?
When did Big Finish start releasing Doctor Who audiobooks?
When did Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor begin appearing for Big Finish?
When did the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures begin?
When were the first Doctor Who books published?
How long has a Doctor Who Magazine been published?
Who publishes the Doctor Who Magazine?
Who publishes Doctor Who novels?
When was the Doctor Who character created?
Who created the Doctor Who character?
Who has expressed distaste for the idea of Doctor Who stories being published?
Who produces the Doctor Who television episodes?
When did The Doctor win the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series?
During what years did Doctor Who win five consecutive National Television Awards?
When did Matt Smith become the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award?
Who was the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination?
What award did Michelle Gomez receive in 2016?
What is Doctor Who listed as the longest-running science fiction television show?
What is the longest-running science fiction television show in the world?
What type of music did Doctor Who first use?
In what year was Doctor Who honored with an Institutional Peabody?
What was the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama?
In what season did Doctor Who win a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial?
What was voted the "Best Popular Drama" by the British Film Institute?
Where was Doctor Who ranked in 2000 in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century?
What magazine ranked Doctor Who as the Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever?
In the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows in 2001, where was Doctor Who ranked?
What is the highest profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated?
How many BAFTA TV Awards did Doctor Who win?
How many BAFTA Cymru Awards did Doctor Who win?
When was Doctor Who voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4?
What award did the episode "Vincent and the Doctor" win?
How many times has Doctor Who won the Hugo Award?
How many awards has Doctor Who been nominated for?
How many awards has Doctor Who won?
Who won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards?
What was the 2010 episode of Doctor Who that won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation?
Who is one of the comedians that has lampooned Doctor Who?
Who frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series?
What does Spike Milligan hurl at the Dalek that invades his bathroom?
What has been lampooned on Saturday Night Live?
What BBC series does Jon Culshaw often impersonate the Fourth Doctor?
What type of university is the University of Chicago?
When was the University of Chicago established?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many academic research divisions does the University of Chicago have?
How many students are enrolled in the College of Chicago?
What have University of Chicago scholars played a major role in the development of?
Who helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction?
Where was the world's first self-sustaining nuclear reaction developed?
What is the largest university press in the US?
When is the Barack Obama Presidential Center expected to be completed?
Who founded the University of Chicago?
Who donated the first donation to the University of Chicago?
Who was the first president of the University of Chicago?
When did William Rainey Harper become the University of Chicago's first president?
When were the first classes held at the University of Chicago?
Who donated land for the University of Chicago?
Who provided the funds for the first building of the University of Chicago?
What was the name of the first building at the University of Chicago?
How much did Marshall Field pledge to the University of Chicago?
Who was the trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Commons?
What was the University of Chicago affiliated with in the 1890s?
When did the University of Chicago affiliate with Shimer College?
What did Shimer College have to do in order to receive a degree from the University of Chicago?
What happened to the Shimer College program in 1910?
When did the Shimer College program pass into history?
Who was the fifth president of the University of Chicago?
What was the name of the liberal-arts curriculum that Hutchins instituted?
Why did Hutchins eliminate varsity football from the university?
How long did Hutchins serve as president of the University of Chicago?
In what year did Robert Maynard Hutchins become president of the University of Chicago?
In what decade did student applications decline?
Why did student applications decline in the 1950s?
When did students enrolled at Shimer College transfer automatically to the University of Chicago?
In what neighborhood did the University of Chicago become a major sponsor of a controversial urban renewal project?
What was the purpose of the early entrant program?
When did student unrest begin at Washington University?
Why did students occupy President George Beadle's office?
When was the Kalven Report issued?
How long was the Kalven Report?
What was the Kalven Report a two-page statement of the university's policy in?
When did the University of Chicago begin a number of multimillion-dollar expansion projects?
What did the University of Chicago announce plans to establish in 2008?
How much will the Milton Friedman Institute cost?
What building will the Milton Friedman Institute occupy?
Who donated $300 million to the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business?
What are the first buildings of the University of Chicago campus called?
How many quadrangles make up the Main Quadrangles?
Who designed the Main Quadrangles?
What is Mitchell Tower modeled after?
What is Hutchinson Hall modeled after?
When did the Gothic style on campus begin to give way to modern styles?
Who was contracted to develop a second master plan in 1955?
What school did Ludwig Mies van der Rohe design a building for?
What is the home of the building designed by Edward Durrell Stone?
When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center built?
Where does the Booth School of Business have campuses?
On what river is the Center in Paris located?
When did the University of Chicago open a center in Beijing?
What university has a campus in Haidian District?
When did the University of Chicago's center in Hong Kong open?
Who governs the University of Chicago?
How many members are on the Board of Trustees?
How many Vice Presidents are there at the University of Chicago?
Who is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees?
Who is the President of the University of Chicago?
Who is the University of Chicago accredited by?
How many divisions of graduate research does the University of Chicago have?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many academic majors does the College of the University of Chicago offer?
How many minors does the College of the University of Chicago offer?
How many divisions are the college's academics divided into?
What division administers interdisciplinary majors and studies which do not fit in one of the other four divisions?
What is the name of the core curriculum at the University of Chicago?
How many students were in the Core classes at Chicago in 2012-2013?
According to Uni in the USA, what type of learning experience does the University of Chicago provide?
Who said that the University of Chicago provides the most rigorous, intense learning experience?
What is the name of the private day school that the University of Chicago operates?
What is a residential treatment program for those with behavioral and emotional problems?
How many public charter schools does the University of Chicago operate?
How many public charter schools does the University of Chicago operate?
Where is the Hyde Park Day School located?
How many libraries does the University of Chicago Library system contain?
How many volumes does the University of Chicago Library system contain?
What is the main library of the University of Chicago?
When was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library built?
How many volumes does the John Crerar Library contain?
How many research institutes does the University of Chicago operate?
How many research centers does the University of Chicago have on campus?
What is the name of the museum and research center for Near Eastern studies owned and operated by the university?
What is the name of the nearby particle physics laboratory that Chicago has a joint stake in?
Where is the Apache Point Observatory located?
What has the University of Chicago played an important role in?
What was the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction?
What is the name of the chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth?
When was REM sleep discovered?
When did the University of Chicago start offering a doctorate in music composition?
When did the UChicago Arts program begin offering a doctorate in Cinema & Media studies?
When was Cinema & Media studies added to the UChicago Arts program?
When was theater & performance studies added to the UChicago Arts program?
How many undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes?
How many students were enrolled in the College of Chicago in the fall quarter of 2014?
How many students were in the four graduate divisions of the University of Chicago in the fall quarter of 2014?
How many students were in the professional schools of the University of Chicago in 2014?
How many students attended the University of Chicago in the fall of 2014?
In the 2012 Spring Quarter, what made up almost 19% of the overall study body?
What does UAA stand for?
What NCAA division do the Chicago Maroons compete in?
What conference was the University of Chicago a founding member of?
Who was the first winner of the Heisman Trophy?
Why did the University of Chicago drop football in 1939?
How many Recognized Student Organizations does the University of Chicago have?
What are RSOs?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's football team?
What is the nation's longest continuously running student film society?
What is the name of the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe?
Who are the members of the University of Chicago Student Government?
What is the name of the committee that leads the Student Government?
How many Vice Presidents does the Executive Committee have?
What is the annual budget of the University of Chicago Student Government?
How many fraternities are there at the University of Chicago?
How many sororities are there at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
How many undergraduates participate in Greek life at the University of Chicago?
When is the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt held?
Since what year has the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt been held?
What does FOTA stand for?
What is the name of the winter festival held at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the summer carnival and concert held at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the Microsoft CEO?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who is the third richest man in America?
What former Governor of New Jersey is an alumnus of KU?
Who was the author of the first management accounting textbook?
Who was the founder of modern community organizing?
Who was the top political advisor to President Bill Clinton?
Who was the first federal judge to attend Washington University?
Who was the Governor of the Bank of Japan?
What Prohibition agent graduated from Yale?
Who is the author of "The Closing of the American Mind"?
What famous satirist is an alumni of the University of Kansas?
Who is the author of the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall?
Who wrote 'The Good War'?
What Pulitzer Prize winning novelist graduated from the University of Kansas?
What minimalist composer graduated from the University of Kansas?
Who is the developer of the Halo video game series?
What video game series did Bungie founder Alex Seropian develop?
What actor graduated from the University of Kansas?
What comedian graduated from the University of Kansas?
What famous astronomer graduated from Imperial?
What NASA astronaut graduated from Imperial?
What popular environmentalist graduated from Imperial?
Who was a notable lithium-ion battery developer?
Who developed the uranium-lead dating method?
Who was a major advisor to Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher?
Who was the Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who is known for his work on portfolio theory?
Who are the two anthropologists that graduated from Yale?
Who was a chess grandmaster?
Who was the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council?
Who was the speed of light calculator professor?
Who created the Compton Effect?
Who created the first nuclear reactor?
Who is considered one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century?
Who was the second female Nobel laureate?
What famous Egyptologist has been a faculty member of the Royal Institute?
What mathematician has been a faculty member of the University of Kansas?
What meteorologist has been a faculty member of the University of Kansas?
Who was the Nobel Prize winner of the actinide concept?
Who are two of the cancer researchers that have taught at the University of Kansas?
Who is the current governor of India's central bank?
What company was Hank Paulson the CEO of?
What Shakespeare scholar is a member of the faculty?
What are the names of the two political scientists on the faculty?
Who are the two paleontologists on the faculty of Imperial?
What was the pinyin name of the Yuan dynasty?
What was the official name of the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan declare the Yuan dynasty?
The Yuan dynasty is considered a successor to what?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
Who was Kublai's grandfather?
When did Kublai Khan establish the Yuan dynasty?
Where is the sentence "大哉乾元" from?
What is the counterpart of the name Great Yuan in Mongolian?
What does Yeke Mongghul Ulus mean?
What was the nominal title of the Yuan emperors?
Who did Genghis Khan unite?
When did Genghis Khan become Great Khan?
Who was Genghis' third son?
When did Möngke Khan become Great Khan?
Who did Ögedei offer Kublai a position in Xingzhou?
Who did many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
Who were the two Han Chinese leaders that defected to the Mongols?
How many troops did each Tumen have?
How many Khitan Tumens did Shimobeidier command?
What was Shi Tianze's ethnicity?
Where did Shi Tianze live?
What type of marriage became common during this time?
Who was Shi Tianze's father?
Chagaan and Zhang Rou jointly launched an attack on what dynasty?
Who started a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
Where was the Chinese Song dynasty based?
When did Kublai die?
Who was Kublai's brother?
What was the Chinese era name that Kublai adopted?
Who refused to submit to Kublai?
In what direction was the Song dynasty an obstacle to Kublai's rule?
Who did Kublai install as the ruler of Korea?
What border did Kublai secure in 1259?
When did Li Tan instigate a revolt against Mongol rule?
What was Kublai's government a compromise between?
What did Kublai leave unchanged?
What was the lowest rank in the Yuan society?
How many classes did Kublai divide Yuan society into?
What did Kublai maintain the traditional monopolies on?
Where was the Mongol capital located before it was moved to Khanbaliq?
Where was the Mongol capital moved to in 1264?
When did Kublai move the Mongol capital from Karakorum to Khanbaliq?
What was the former Jurchen capital?
What rituals did Kublai follow?
What type of growth did Kublai Khan promote?
What was Pax Mongolica?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal from?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal?
Who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China?
Who did Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou flee with?
When was the Jin dynasty established?
When did the Jin dynasty end?
Who remained in Qufu as Duke Yansheng?
How many descendants of Confucius are there in Quzhou?
Where did Kublai strengthen his government?
When did Kublai siege Xiangyang?
What was the last obstacle to Kublai's conquest of Xiangyang?
What was the capital of the Song dynasty?
How did the last Song emperor die?
When did Kublai's government face financial difficulties?
Why did Kublai's second invasion of Japan fail?
Where did the Tran dynasty rule?
At what battle did the Tran dynasty defeat the Mongols?
When was the Battle of Bạch Đằng?
When was the conquest of Dali?
Who did Kublai originally name as the Crown Prince?
When did Zhenjin die?
What was Temür Khan's title?
During what years did Temür Khan rule?
Who was the first Yuan emperor to actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture?
What did Buyantu Khan do after the reign of Kublai?
Who mentored Buyantu Khan?
What department did Buyantu Khan liquidate?
When were traditional imperial examinations reintroduced?
Who was Ayurbarwada's son and successor?
During what years did Emperor Gegeen Khan rule?
Who was Gegeen Khan's grand chancellor?
What does Da Yuan Tong Zhi mean?
How many princes were involved in the coup that killed Gegeen Khan?
Where did Yesün Temür die?
What was the civil war against Ragibagh called?
How long did Kusala live?
Who recalled Tugh Temür to Khanbaliq?
Who won the civil war against Ragibagh?
What is Tugh Temür known for?
What was Tugh Temür's most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning?
When was the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature established?
What was the name of the compendium that the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature created?
What other religion did Tugh Temür practice?
When did Tugh Temür die?
What was Rinchinbal's title?
How old was Toghun Temür when he succeeded Tugh Temür?
How many successors did Kublai Khan have?
What dynasties did Toghtogha finish in 1345?
What were the final years of the Yuan dynasty marked by?
Why did the Mongols lose influence in China?
Who were the later Yuan emperors separated from?
What happened without interference from the weakening Yuan armies?
What did the later Yuan emperors not seem interested in?
When did people in the countryside suffer from frequent natural disasters?
What rebellion started in 1351?
Why did Toghun Temür dismiss him?
Who did Toghtogha lead a large army to crush in 1354?
During what years did the Míng dynasty rule?
What promoted trade between East and West?
What produced a fair amount of cultural exchange during the Yuan dynasty?
What was the name of the ally of the Yuan dynasty in Persia?
What crops were introduced during the Yuan dynasty?
What type of musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts?
What other religions enjoyed toleration during this period?
What religion was persecuted by the Yuan?
What type of governmental practices were reinstated by the Yuan court?
In what fields were advances realized during the period of toleration?
Who was the most famous traveler of the period?
Where was the capital of the Great Khan?
What is the English translation of Il milione?
What was the name of Marco Polo's book about his travels to China?
How did Marco Polo acquire much of his knowledge?
Who helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar?
How far off the modern Gregorian calendar was the lunisolar calendar?
What did the Yuan do to prevent famines?
What city became the terminus of the Grand Canal of China?
What major food crop was introduced to China by the West?
Who ruled all of China?
What do Mongols worship?
The Yuan dynasty is usually considered to be the legitimate dynasty between which dynasty?
What dynasty overthrew the Yuan dynasty?
What do some Chinese people consider the Yuan dynasty as?
What cultures did Kublai Khan's bureaucracy reflect?
Where did the Chinese-style elements of the bureaucracy come from?
Who were the Chinese advisers to Kublai's early court?
What type of division of authority did the Yuan government adopt?
What did the Yuan government divide authority among?
Where did the real military authority in Yuan times reside?
How long had the Six Ministries been introduced?
Who had their own courts of justice?
What was the insignificance of compared with native Chinese dynasties?
When was the Phags-pa script invented?
What languages did the Phags-pa script represent?
How well did most of the Mongol Emperors speak Chinese?
Who ordered the compilation of books?
What was Tugh Temur's title?
By what year were commoners selling their children into slavery?
When did Kublai forbade the sale of Mongols abroad?
What was the source of income for the average Mongol garrison family?
What were some of the arts of the Yuan dynasty?
What three arts were combined during the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty is linked to the Yuan dynasty?
What form of poetry was used by most of the famous Yuan poets?
What was the name of the variety show during the Yuan dynasty?
What type of khanates did the Yuan dynasty not convert to Islam?
What religion did Kublai Khan favor?
What was established as the de facto state religion?
What was the top-level department and government agency known as?
What sect of Tibetan Buddhism did Kublai Khan favor?
When was Zhu Shijie born?
When did Zhu Shijie die?
What did Zhu Shijie use to solve simultaneous equations?
What advances were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era?
When was the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns written?
What did Guo Shoujing do?
What did Gou use for his astronomical calculations?
What was the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty?
What is another name for the Shoushi Li?
When was the Shoushi Li first disseminated?
What type of doctors were otachi?
What did otachi doctors use?
What type of medicine did Mongol shamans use?
What did Kublai create to manage medical treatises?
Why were Confucian scholars attracted to the medical profession?
How many great schools did the Yuan have?
Where did the Yuan get their "Four Great Schools" from?
Were Chinese physicians brought with the Mongols as they expanded towards the west?
What Chinese medical techniques were transmitted to the Middle East and the rest of the empire?
When did Wei Yilin die?
What was another name for huihui?
Who founded the Office of Western Medicine?
When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?
Why did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
What philosophy did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
How was Chinese printing technology transferred to the Mongols?
Who wrote Nong Shu?
When was movable type invented?
Who was the name of Ögedei's wife?
When was the Imperial Library Directorate created?
What was the paper money of the Yuan called?
What was the chao made from?
When did the Yuan switch to bronze plates?
What did the Yuan government use to print paper money?
When did the Il-khanate issue paper money?
What was the compromise between Kublai Khan and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system?
What was the compromise between Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and what?
What were the Semuren?
What type of color did the Yuan regime have?
Where did Persians reach the highest position in the government?
Who did the Mongols import to serve as administrators in China?
Who did the Mongols send to serve as administrators in Bukhara?
Where were the Han Chinese moved to by the Mongols?
What did the Mongols use the Han Chinese for?
Who was the Governor of Samarqand?
What did the Yuan Emperors do to Muslim practices?
What type of butchering did the Yuan Emperors ban for Jews?
Who was the founder of the Ming dynasty?
What could a Chinese surname mean?
Who revolted against the Yuan dynasty?
Who wrote that the term "social classes" for this system was misleading?
What did Frederick W. Mote say the four-class system entailed?
What type of Chinese were there?
Why were Mongol and Semu not considered to be social classes?
Which group of Chinese were ranked higher?
Which Chinese were ranked lower because they fought to the last?
Why were the Northern Chinese ranked higher than the Southern Chinese?
What was the order of the classes?
Who did major commerce during this era give favorable conditions for?
Who surrendered to the Mongols first?
Who did Kublai Khan say the Uighur King of Qocho was higher than?
Who objected to being ranked higher than the Karluk Kara-Khanid?
How did the Uighurs surrender to the Mongols?
What was considered the most important region of the dynasty?
What was the name of the body that governed the Central Region?
Where was the Central Secretariat located?
Where is Khanbaliq?
What was the Central Secretariat called?
Where is Kenya located?
What is the EAC?
What is the capital of Kenya?
What country borders Kenya to the south?
What was the population of Kenya in July 2014?
What type of climate does Kenya have?
What is the climate like in the savannah grasslands around Nairobi?
What mountain in Kenya has snow permanently on its peaks?
What countries border Kenya in the north-eastern region?
What is Kenya known for?
When did humans first inhabit the African Great Lakes?
When did the Bantu expansion reach the area?
What populations make up around 97% of the population of Kenya?
When did European exploration of the interior of Kenya begin?
When did Kenya obtain independence?
What is the Republic of Kenya named after?
What are the three words that mean "God's resting place" in all three languages?
What does Kiinyaa mean in all three languages?
What did Ludwig Krapf record the name as?
What did some people say the name was?
Who drew the 1882 map that indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia?
When was the name Mt. Kenya first used as Mt. Kenia?
What is the name of the game animals of Africa?
What are the "Big Five" game animals of Africa?
Where can the "Big Five" game animals of Africa be found?
When does the annual animal migration occur?
How far do the wildebeest migrate?
How long ago did primates live in Kenya?
When did Homo erectus live in Kenya?
Who discovered the Turkana Boy?
How old was the Turkana Boy?
Who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill?
Who built Mombasa into a major port city?
What city did the Swahili build into a major port city?
Who claimed that Mombasa was a place of great traffic?
Where has played host to many merchants and explorers throughout the centuries?
What is one of the cities that line the Kenyan coast?
When did Malindi become an important Swahili settlement?
When did World War I begin?
Who agreed to a truce in 1914?
Who took command of the German military forces?
How did von Lettow-Vorbeck conduct his guerrilla warfare?
Where did von Lettow-Vorbeck surrender?
What was home to over a million members of the Kikuyu?
How did the Kikuyu people live?
What did the settlers do to protect their interests?
How many white settlers lived in Kenya in the 1950s?
When was Warũhiũ Itote captured?
What did the capture of Warũhiũ Itote do?
When did Operation Anvil open?
How many Mau Mau were killed by the end of Operation Anvil?
What was the Swynnerton Plan?
When did the first direct elections for the Legislative Council take place?
Who formed a government in 1957?
When did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya end?
When did Kenya become an independent country?
What was Kenya's new name in 1964?
What was the mlolongo system?
What did the mlolongo system lead to?
Who won re-election in 1992 and 1997?
What type of government is Kenya?
What is the title of the president in Kenya?
How is executive power exercised in Kenya?
Who has legislative power in Kenya?
Who is independent of the executive and the legislature?
Where does Kenya rank on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index?
What does the CPI attempt to do?
Where did Kenya rank in the CPI in 2012?
What is EACC?
What party did Kibaki belong to?
What was the main opposition party?
What happened to Kibaki as the ECK continued to count the votes?
Who declared himself the "people's president"?
What did the government and civil society organisations start after the election riots?
What group started community dialogues?
What church started peace meetings in Kenya?
What is the name of the process that started after the election riots?
When did Kibaki and Odinga sign an agreement on the formation of a coalition government?
What position would Odinga hold?
Who would the president appoint cabinet ministers from?
How many cabinet ministers would Kibaki appoint?
How long would the coalition hold?
What is the new office of the PM?
Who brought the former rivals to the signing ceremony?
Where was the signing ceremony of the power-sharing agreement held?
When did representatives of PNU and ODM begin working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement?
What did the deal between Kibaki's PNU and Odinga's ODM mean?
What was the proposed constitutional change?
When was the new constitution promulgated?
What did the new constitution do?
When was the new Kenyan constitution promulgated?
What is the name of the new Kenyan constitution?
When did Uhuru Kenyatta sign a Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Why did supporters of the Security Laws Amendment Bill say it was necessary?
Who criticized the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Why did opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries criticize the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What countries issued a press statement cautioning about the potential impact of the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What was the cause of President Kenyatta's decision not to visit the United States in 2013?
Who was the first American president to visit Kenya while in office?
What country did Kenyatta visit in the summer of 2013?
When did Obama visit Kenya?
Where are the armed forces regularly deployed?
What caused the Waki Commission?
What have there been serious allegations of?
What has been tainted by corruption allegations?
Why has corruption been less in public view and thus less subject to public scrutiny?
What happened in 2010?
What has been publicly questioned?
What is Kenya's HDI?
What is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa?
How much did 17.7% of Kenyans live on in 2005?
What is Kenya usually classified as?
What has boosted the service sector in East and Central Africa?
What is an important catalyst of economic growth?
What is the smallest sector of the economy?
How much of the economy does the unreliable agricultural sector employ?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP comes from the services sector?
What is Kenya's largest foreign exchange earning sector?
What has the tourism sector exhibited in most years since independence?
Where are tourists from Germany and the United Kingdom mainly attracted to?
What countries are the largest number of tourists to Kenya?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP was agriculture in 2005?
What are the principal cash crops in Kenya?
What is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product?
Why is the production of major food staples such as corn subject to sharp fluctuations?
What is the name of the consortium that has helped farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties?
Why can pigeon pea be grown in areas with less than 650 millimeters of annual rainfall?
How did ICRISAT encourage the commercialization of legumes?
How much did the work of ICRISAT help to increase local producer prices?
What is the commercialization of the pigeon pea doing?
Where are tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat grown in Kenya?
What is grown in the fertile highlands?
Where does livestock predominate in Kenya?
What percentage of the population lives below the poverty line?
What is the name of the initiative by the Red Cross?
What is the most industrially developed country in the African Great Lakes region?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP does manufacturing account for?
What are the three largest urban centers in Kenya?
What does Jua Kali engage in?
What has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years?
When did AGOA take effect?
Where does the largest share of Kenya's electricity supply come from?
What is the name of the two major dams in the west of Kenya?
When was the Kenya Electricity Generating Company established?
Where does Kenya have proven deposits of oil?
What is Tullow Oil's estimate of Kenya's oil reserves?
What is still continuing to determine if there are more oil reserves in Kenya?
What percentage of the national import bill does petroleum account for?
How much was the amount of Chinese investment in Kenya in 2013?
What did Liu Guangyuan say about Kenya's Chinese investment?
What did President Kenyatta hope to gain from his 2013 trip to China?
Who shipped Kenya's first major consignment of minerals to China?
What has China been causing in Kenya?
What is the name of the economic development program that the Kenyan government unveiled in 2007?
What is Vision 2030?
What did the Kenyan government launch in 2013?
Why did Kenya launch a National Climate Change Action Plan in 2013?
What did the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030 say at the launch of the National Climate Change Action Plan?
Where are most working children in Kenya?
What percentage of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution in 2006?
What is the age range of most prostitutes in Kenya?
What are the causes of child labour in Kenya?
Do Kenya's various ethnic groups speak their mother tongues?
What are the two official languages of Kenya?
Where is English widely spoken in Kenya?
Where is British English primarily used in Kenya?
What is the religion of the majority of Kenyans?
What religion does 47.7% of Kenyans consider themselves to be?
How many people are members of the Presbyterian Church of East Africa?
Where is the only Jewish synagogue in Kenya?
What percentage of the Kenyan population is nonreligious?
What percentage of Kenya's Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region?
What is the religion of Western areas of the Coast Region?
How many Hindus live in Kenya?
Who treats 80% of the population who visit dispensaries?
Who are complicated cases referred to?
How many nurses were there in Kenya in 2011?
How many doctors were there in Kenya in 2011?
What directly correlates with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution?
What percentage of Kenyans live below the poverty level?
What are the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity?
What are the main causes of the disease burden in Kenya?
How many people in Kenya had malaria in 2006?
Who introduced Kenya's first system of education?
When was Kenya's independence?
What was the name of the authority that was formed to introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty?
What was the focus of the Ominde Commission?
When was the Ominde Commission created?
What was the Presidential Working Party on the Second University commissioned to do?
What system did the committee recommend that the 7-4-2-3 system be changed to?
What system did the committee recommend that the 7-4-2-3 system be changed to?
When did the last batch of students from the former system graduate from Kenyan Universities?
When was the current 8-4-4 system launched?
What subjects did the 8-4-4 system put more emphasis on?
Why did the 8-4-4 system put more emphasis on vocational subjects?
When did the Government of Kenya announce the introduction of free primary education?
How much did primary school enrolment increase as a result of the introduction of free education?
When does basic formal education start?
How long does basic education last?
What can primary school students do?
What are the options for high school graduates?
What is the literacy level in Kenya?
What is the age range of children in Kenya's Preschool?
What is the purpose of Preschool?
What does the KCPE determine?
What is the name of the national examination at the end of Form Four?
What does KNLS stand for?
What is KNLS mandated to do?
What is a public library seen as in Kenya?
Why is a public library seen as a peoples university?
What are some sports that Kenya is active in?
What is Kenya known for?
Who continues to dominate the world of distance running?
What countries have reduced the dominance of Kenyan athletes in distance running?
How many gold medals did Kenya win in the 2008 Olympics?
What was Kenya's record in the 2008 Olympics?
What did Pamela Jelimo win?
What has caused controversy in Kenyan athletics circles?
Why do most of the defections occur?
What sport has Kenya been a dominant force in?
What is the most popular team sport in Kenya?
In what year did Kenya reach the semi-finals of the Cricket World Cup?
Who is the current captain of the Kenya cricket team?
When was the FIFA suspension of the Kenya Football Federation lifted?
What is one of the toughest rallies in the world?
What is the Safari Rally known for?
Who are some of the best rally drivers in the world?
How many meals do Kenyans generally have?
What are the two times of tea in Kenya?
What is the typical breakfast in Kenya?
What is eaten by most of the population for lunch or supper?
Who is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change under the auspices of?
Who established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?
What is the goal of the UNFCCC?
What is the main international treaty on climate change?
What did the UN General Assembly pass to endorse the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?
Who is the chair of the IPCC?
What nationality is Hoesung Lee?
Who was the IPCC's vice-Chair before Hoesung Lee?
Who was the chair of the IPCC in 1988?
When did Rajendra K. Pachauri resign?
Who is the IPCC Panel composed of?
How many government officials attended the 2003 meeting?
Who attended the 2003 meeting?
How much of the 2003 meeting's participants were from governmental organizations?
When was the IPCC Trust Fund established?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What does UNEP stand for?
What is the IPCC required to comply with?
What does the WMO stand for?
Does the IPCC conduct research?
What do the lead authors of IPCC reports assess?
What is the "grey literature"?
What are examples of non-peer-reviewed sources?
How many "coordinating lead authors" does a chapter typically have?
How many lead authors does a chapter typically have?
How many "contributing authors" are there in a chapter?
Who is responsible for assembling the contributions of other authors?
Who do the coordinating lead authors report to?
What is the executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report certain that emissions resulting from human activities are doing to the greenhouse gases?
What does the WG I Summary for Policymakers report say that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases will result in?
How much of the enhanced greenhouse effect does the WG I Summary for Policymakers say CO2 is responsible for?
Under what scenario does the WG I Summary for Policymakers predict that global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the 21st century?
How much has global mean surface air temperature increased over the last 100 years?
When did 16 national science academies issue a joint statement on climate change?
Who issued a joint statement on climate change in 2001?
In what journal was the joint statement on climate change published?
What percentage of science academies support the TAR's conclusion that temperatures will continue to rise?
What is the average global surface temperature projected to increase by by by 2100?
Who has made a number of criticisms of the TAR?
Why did Lindzen criticize the WGI?
Who was a co-chair of the TAR WGI?
What was John Houghton's role in the TAR?
What must any changes to the SPM be supported by?
How does the preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follow?
In what year were the first two IPCC Special Reports finalized?
In what year were the first two IPCC Special Reports finalized?
Why were the Special Reports on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
What other activities does the IPCC support?
What does the Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme publish?
What are the default emission factors used to derive emissions estimates?
The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by what two groups?
What has the IPCC since acknowledged was incorrect?
What did the IPCC express regret for?
The date of 2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC from what report?
What ICSI report has the WWF misquoted?
What position did Robert Watson hold?
What did former IPCC chairman Robert Watson say the mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of?
What position did Martin Parry hold?
What did Martin Parry say started with a single unfortunate error?
What did Martin Parry say about the other alleged mistakes?
In what year was the "hockey stick graph" created?
Who created the "hockey stick graph"?
What has the MBH99 graph been referred to as?
Who supported the MBH99 finding?
When were these studies presented as demonstrating that the current warming period is exceptional in comparison to temperatures?
Who held a press event in May 2000?
Where did Fred Singer hold a press event in May 2000?
When did Fred Singer hold a press event on Capitol Hill?
At what hearing did Wibjörn Karlén and Singer argue against the graph?
Who was the chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce?
Who was the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations?
When did Rep. Joe Barton write a joint letter with Ed Whitfield demanding full records on climate research?
Who was the chairman of the House Science Committee?
Who was the chairman of the House Science Committee?
When was the third Assessment Report published?
When was the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report published?
How many of the 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
What problem affected certain tree ring data?
How many reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
When was a study published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report in 2001?
What did the 2007 study suggest?
What was the actual temperature rise over the six years studied?
What was the actual sea level rise in the six years studied?
What did a study show that previous estimates by the IPCC have actually understated?
What were the projected sea levels of the IPCC's Third Assessment Report in 2001?
What is the range of projected sea levels in 2100?
When was the IPCC's Third Assessment Report published?
What was Michael Oppenheimer's role in the IPCC?
In what magazine did Michael Oppenheimer concede the limitations of the IPCC consensus approach?
What did Michael Oppenheimer ask for?
What was the Ozone depletion global regulation based on?
The Kyoto Protocol failed in what issue?
Who still follow different, if not opposing, goals?
Who compared the ozone depletion case to global warming?
What remains an unsolved problem?
What was the stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge based on successfully reducing?
Who ordered the Stern Review?
The IPCC operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from what?
What can't be included in an IPCC report before the deadline?
Who is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science?
How many climate scientists wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC?
Where did the five climate scientists write in response to the claims in the Fourth Assessment Report?
What did the five climate scientists want to do with the IPCC?
What did the five scientists want to do to avoid political interference?
What is the main function of chloroplasts?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What is the process in which chloroplasts make organic molecules from carbon dioxide?
What is the number of chloroplasts per cell in algae?
How are chloroplasts able to reproduce?
What influences chloroplasts behavior?
What makes chloroplasts different from mitochondria?
What is the ancestor of chloroplasts?
How can chloroplasts be made?
Where are chloroplasts only found?
What nationality was Konstantin Mereschkowski?
What was Konstantin Mereschkowski's profession?
When did Konstantin Mereschkowski first suggest the origin of chloroplasts?
Who observed that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria?
What are the ancestors of chloroplasts?
What type of bacteria are cyanobacteria?
What is gram-negative?
What type of cell wall does Cyanobacteria have?
What are cyanobacteria sometimes called?
What type of cell did a free-living cyanobacterium enter?
When did a free-living cyanobacterium enter an early eukaryotic cell?
What surrounds all chloroplasts?
What membrane from the host was probably lost?
What happened to the cyanobacterium over time?
What does plastid mean?
How many chloroplast lineages do all primary chloroplasts belong to?
What is the rhodophyte lineage?
What is the one that contains the land plants?
What is the one that contains the land plants?
What is the smallest of the three primary chloroplast lineages?
What is Cyanophora?
What are muroplasts?
What is the icosahedral structure that glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in?
What type of structure do glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria have?
What do Rhodoplasts have for photosynthetic pigments?
What are phycobilin pigments organized into on the thylakoid membranes?
What is responsible for giving red algae their distinctive red color?
Why is the red phycoerytherin pigment used in red algae?
What does floridean synthesize?
What do green chloroplasts lose that makes them different from glaucophyte and red algal chloroplast?
Why are some green chloroplasts not green?
What have chloroplastidan chloroplasts lost?
What have some plants been repurposed for?
What do green chloroplasts contain?
What type of membrane do primary chloroplasts have from their cyanobacterial ancestor?
What do secondary chloroplasts have?
What is a secondary endosymbiotic event?
Along with the two cyanobacterial membranes, what else is present in a chloroplast with three or four membranes?
What was the engulfed alga broken down into?
What do Euglenophytes contain?
What type of protists are Euglenophytes?
How are the pyrenoid and thylakoids stacked in a euglenophyte?
What is stored in the form of paramylon?
What is thought to have been lost?
What is another name for cryptophytes?
What do cryptophytes contain?
What do cryptophyte chloroplasts contain that superficially resembles that of chlorarachniophytes?
Where is ordinary starch stored in cryptophytes?
How many stacks of pyrenoid and thylakoids are inside cryptophyte chloroplasts?
Apicomplexans are parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast like what?
Apicomplexans are another group of what?
What is Plasmodium?
What do many apicomplexans keep?
How do apicomplexans store their energy?
What do apicoplasts synthesize?
What is the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to cure?
What is the most important apicoplast function?
Apicoplasts have lost all photosynthetic function, and contain no what?
How many membranes do apicoplasts have?
What pigment is not found in any other group of chloroplasts?
What is the most common dinophyte chloroplast?
What type of thylakoids do the peridinin-type chloroplast have?
What has the peridinin chloroplast lost?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
How many membranes does a haptophyte chloroplast have?
How many membraned chloroplast would tertiary endosymbiosis create?
Members of the genus Dinophysis have a phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from what?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What do members of the genus Dinophysis have?
What does the chloroplast of a cryptophyte leave?
What is a diatom?
What do Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have?
How many membranes are a diatom's chloroplast bounded by?
What is another way to count a diatom's chloroplast?
Where does the diatom endosymbiont store its starch?
Where have all the nucleomorph genes been transferred to?
What is the only dinophyte that has a chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage?
What did Lepidodinium viride lose?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace their original peridinin chloroplast with?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace their original peridinin chloroplast with?
Where do most chloroplasts originate from?
What makes Paulinella chromatophora different from most chloroplasts?
How many base pairs long is chromatophore DNA?
How many protein encoding genes does chromatophore DNA contain?
How many base pairs long is the Synechococcus genome?
What is another name for the plastome?
What is another name for chloroplasts?
When was the existence of the plastome first proved?
When was the plastome first sequenced?
Who sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco?
What is highly conserved among land plants?
What have some chloroplast DNAs since lost or flipped the inverted repeats?
What do the inverted repeats help do?
How have scientists tried to observe chloroplast replication?
How many main models have been proposed for the mechanism for chloroplast DNA replication?
What form does the D-loop adopt as it moves through the circular DNA?
What is another name for theta intermediary form?
How does the D-loop complete replication?
What is the leading theory today?
When does DNA become susceptible to deamination?
What type of structure does a second theory suggest most cpDNA is?
How does a second theory suggest that most cpDNA replicates?
Where is the rest of the genetic material kept?
What is another competing model for cpDNA replication?
What type of cpDNA is maize believed to have?
What type of DNA is most likely replicates via a D loop mechanism?
How does the predominant theory believe most cpDNA is circular and likely replicates?
What is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages?
What do the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus provide evidence for?
What do diatoms now have?
What type of chloroplast did the diatom ancestor have?
What did most chloroplast genes become?
What percentage of the protein products of transferred genes aren't targeted back to the chloroplast?
What new functions did many exaptations take on?
To reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross what?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized on a ribosome?
What does phosphorylation do?
What does phosphorylation do to a polypeptide?
What shape are chloroplasts in land plants?
How large are chloroplasts in land plants?
How thick are chloroplasts in land plants?
What is the shape of Oedogonium?
What shape does Chlamydomonas have?
What is often cited as evidence that chloroplasts are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria?
What is the outer chloroplast membrane often interpreted as?
Are both chloroplast membranes similar to the cyanobacterium's original double membranes?
What is the chloroplast double membrane often compared to?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used for?
What is the purpose of the inner mitochondria membrane?
What is the only chloroplast structure that can be considered analogous to the mitochondrial double membrane?
What regulates metabolite passage?
What is very rare in chloroplasts?
What is a stromule?
Why might stromules exist?
When were stromules first observed?
Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum often found?
Where has the chloroplast peripheral reticulum been found?
What is the name of the maze of membranous tubes and vesicles continuous with the inner chloroplast membrane?
What is the purpose of the chloroplast peripheral reticulum?
The small vesicles sometimes observed may serve as transport vesicle to shuttle stuff between what?
What do chloroplasts use their own ribosomes for?
What is the size of a chloroplast ribosome?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What is considered essential for translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes?
What is shine-dalgarno sequence recognition?
What is another name for plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli made of?
How large are plastoglobuli?
What surrounds plastoglobuli?
How are plastoglobuli permanently attached?
A configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with what allows it to be permanently attached?
How do the majority of plastoglobuli occur in normal green chloroplasts?
When do plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains?
What contain structures called pyrenoids?
What shape are pyrenoids?
What property do pyrenoids have?
What is accumulated around the pyrenoids when CO2 is scarce?
What can pyrenoids do?
What model of grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes?
What shape are the granal thylakoids in the helical thyakoid model?
How many thylakoids can each granum contain?
How many thylakoids are most common in grana?
What is wrapped around the grana in the helical thylakoid model?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb?
What do photosystem II and photosystem I absorb light energy and use it to do?
What do molecules in the thylakoid membrane use the energized electrons to do?
What is an example of a protein complex that harnesses the concentration gradient of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space?
How many types of thylakoids are there?
How are granal thylakoids arranged?
What are stromal thylakoids?
What are granal thylakoids?
How large are granal thylakoids?
How many photosynthetic carotenoids are there?
What do carotenoids do?
Why do some plants change their leaves in the fall?
What is β-carotene?
What is an example of a carotenoid that is common in xanthophylls?
What are phycobilins?
What color does phycoerytherin make algae?
What type of algae is phycoerytherin one of the pigments that makes?
What do phycobilins often organize into?
How large are phycobilins?
What does chloroplasts use to fix carbon dioxide?
Why does rubisco have a problem?
When does rubisco have a problem?
What cycle uses rubisco?
What is wasted when rubisco accidentally adds oxygen to sugar precursors?
What are mesophyll cells specialized for?
In mesophyll cells, chloroplasts are specialized for the light reactions, so they lack what?
What do mesophyll cells have?
Where do chloroplasts store CO2?
What is the job of bundle sheath chloroplasts?
What parts of a plant contain chloroplasts?
What makes a plant green?
What are the plant cells which contain chloroplasts called?
Where can chloroplasts be found?
What is a chlorenchyma cell?
Where are chloroplasts found in cacti?
Where are chloroplasts found in most plants?
How many stomatal guard cells are there?
How many chloroplasts can one square millimeter of leaf tissue contain?
Where are chloroplasts mainly found in a leaf?
When do chloroplasts spread out in a sheet?
When will chloroplasts seek shelter?
What does the orientation of chloroplasts protect them from?
What is the reason why land plants have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones?
What has been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move?
How many main immune responses do plants have?
What is the hypersensitive response?
What is systemic acquired resistance?
How do chloroplasts stimulate both immune responses?
What do chloroplasts produce that causes the hypersensitive response?
What molecules do chloroplasts begin producing after detecting stress?
When do chloroplasts begin producing molecules like salicylic acid?
How do reactive oxygen species leave the chloroplast?
What is retrograde signaling?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What does photosynthesis produce?
What is used in photosynthesis?
What is made using light energy?
What do chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient?
Where do the molecules between the photosystems pump hydrogen ions?
How many hydrogen ions are in the thylakoid system than in the stroma?
What does ATP synthase convert the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to?
What does ATP stand for?
What takes the reenergized electrons from photosystem I?
What is it called when electrons are recycled?
Where is cyclic photophosphorylation most common?
Why is cyclic photophosphorylation common?
What starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate molecules?
What does the result of the Calvin cycle?
What do the unstable six-carbon molecules break down into?
How many of the G3P molecules leave the Calvin cycle?
What can be done to make starch?
When can starch grains grow very large?
What happens to the grana and thylakoids when starch grains grow very large?
What can cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts?
What might the starch grains themselves be a side effect of?
What can Rubisco do when the oxygen concentration is too high?
When can photorespiration occur?
How doesPhotorespiration reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis?
How much carbon can Rubisco waste?
Why are chloroplasts in C4 plants notable?
Where do chloroplasts make most of a plant's amino acids?
What are the sulfur-containing amino acids in a plant?
Why is cysteine synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria?
What is unclear about the last leg of the pathway?
What is a special type of a plant cell organelle called a plastid?
Where are all chloroplasts in a plant descended from?
Where are proplastids commonly found?
What is the most common way that chloroplasts develop?
What happens if angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation?
What is an etioplast?
What is a prolamellar body?
What do etioplasts have?
Which plants do not require light to form chloroplasts?
What are pigment filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers?
What are chromoplasts?
What are pigment filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers?
What are pigment filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers?
What can turn back into proplastids if a plant is injured?
What do FtsZ1 and Fts Z2 assemble into?
What does the division process start with?
What does ARC6 form?
Where does the Z-ring form?
What manages the placement of the Z-ring?
What are PD rings?
How many plastid-dividing rings are there?
How long are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
How many nanometers apart are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
What is located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space?
What has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division?
What type of light is required for chloroplasts to complete division?
What shape of chloroplasts do spinach leaves grown under green light have?
Under what type of light can chloroplasts grow and progress through constriction stages?
Why are chloroplasts not inherited from the male parent?
What do genetically modified plants that are biologically contained pose significantly lower?
What is the failure rate of transplastomic plants?
What type of plants have a failed containment rate of 3 in 1,000,000?
A prime number has no positive divisors other than what?
What is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime called?
What establishes the central role of primes in number theory?
How can an integer greater than 1 be expressed?
Why does the fundamental theorem of arithmetic require excluding 1 as a prime?
What is the property of being prime called?
What is a simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number?
What is fast but has a small probability of error?
What is the name of the test that always produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical?
What is the largest known prime number?
How many primes are there?
Who demonstrated that there are infinitely many primes?
What can be modeled of the distribution of primes in the large?
What was the first result in that direction?
When was the prime number theorem proven?
What conjecture states that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes?
What conjecture states that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2?
What aspect of numbers did the twin prime conjecture focus on?
What makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors?
Along with prime elements, what is an example of a generalization of prime numbers?
The image at the right illustrates that 1 greater than what is not prime?
What are the three distinct divisors of n?
What term refers to any prime number greater than 2?
In the usual decimal system, all prime numbers larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or what?
What numbers are multiples of 2?
What did early Greeks not consider to be a number?
Who listed 1 as the first prime?
Who did Christian Goldbach have a famous correspondence with in the mid-18th century?
What was Derrick Norman Lehmer's list of primes up to?
What did mathematicians begin to accept in the early 20th century?
What theorem would not hold as stated if 1 was considered a prime?
When would the sieve of Eratosthenes not work correctly?
The relationship of the number 1 to its corresponding value of what is a prime number?
Along with Euler's totient function, what is another property that the number 1 lacks?
A modified version of the sieve that considers 1 as prime would eliminate all multiples of 1 and produce what?
Where are the Egyptian fraction expansions found?
Where are the earliest records of the explicit study of prime numbers?
What is the name of the book that contains important theorems about primes?
Who showed how to construct a perfect number from a Mersenne prime?
What is the Sieve of Eratosthenes?
When did Pierre de Fermat state his little theorem?
Who discovered the next Fermat number?
What number did Fermat believe to be prime?
What are Mersenne primes of the form?
How far did Fermat verify his conjecture that all numbers of the form 22n + 1 are prime?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n?
When can trial division be implemented more efficiently?
What is the minimum amount of an integer that must be divided by each other to check the primality of n?
How many divisions are necessary to check the primality of 37?
What is the square root of n?
How many primality tests are there?
What type of primality tests do not completely prove that a number is prime?
What type of algorithm provides a way to tell whether a given number is prime or not?
What type of algorithm provides a way to tell whether a given number is prime or not?
What is the probability that a number is composite?
What is an example of a probabilistic test?
What does the Fermat primality test rely on?
What satisfies the Fermat identity even though they are not prime?
What is an example of a powerful extension of the Fermat primality test?
What are guaranteed to fail at least some of the time when applied to a composite number?
What are Sophie Germain primes?
What is the form of prime numbers that are of the form 2p + 1 with p prime?
What test is particularly fast for numbers of the form 2p − 1?
What are prime numbers that are of the form 2p + 1 with a particular shape called?
What is another type of prime that has a shape of a particular shape?
How have some of the largest known primes been found?
When was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded a US$100,000 prize?
How much was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded in 2009?
Who offers $150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits?
What is the interval of possible primes?
What represents the largest integer not greater than the number in question?
Who was the first to prove Bertrand's postulate?
For what natural number does Bertrand's postulate state that there always exists at least one prime number?
What does Bertrand's postulate state that there always exists at least one prime number?
What is another formula based on?
What is the necessary condition for a and q to be coprime?
What asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes?
What is the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9?
How many prime numbers do the rows starting with a = 3, 6, or 9 contain?
What does Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions say in all other rows?
What is closely related to prime numbers?
What would ζ(1) have if there were only finitely many primes?
What happens to the harmonic series when it exceeds any given number?
What happens when the harmonic series diverges?
What is the Basel problem?
When did the Riemann hypothesis date from?
What zeroes of the ζ-function have real part equal to 1/2?
What does the Riemann hypothesis say causes the irregularity in the distribution of primes?
What distribution of primes holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What distribution of primes holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes?
When were all four of Landau's problems from?
Goldbach's conjecture has been verified for what numbers?
What states that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes?
What states that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime?
What is it conjectured that there are infinitely many pairs of primes with difference 2?
What is the twin prime conjecture?
What is a strengthening of Legendre's conjecture?
What is the form of infinitely many primes?
What says that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2?
What was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics?
What British mathematician prided themselves on doing work that had absolutely no military significance?
When was it announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms?
Along with pseudorandom number generators, what are prime numbers used for?
Along with hash tables, what are prime numbers used for?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always what?
What is the period of a recurring decimal?
What does Wilson's theorem say that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial?
What is the only condition for an integer n > 4 to be composite?
What must happen for the fraction 1/p expressed in base q to have the same effect?
What relies on the assumption that it is much easier to perform the multiplication of two large numbers than to calculate x and y if only the product xy is known?
Along with RSA, what is an example of a public-key cryptography algorithm that is based on large prime numbers?
What size of primes are frequently used for RSA?
What does the Diffie-Hellman key exchange rely on?
What size of primes are typical for Diffie-Hellman?
What insects use prime numbers?
How do cicadas spend most of their lives?
How long do cicadas spend their lives underground?
Why are the prime number intervals between emergences of cicadas so important?
How much higher would the average predator populations be during an outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas over a 200 year period?
What does the word "prime" indicate in an appropriate sense?
What is a prime field?
How can any knot be uniquely expressed?
What is the second meaning of the word prime?
Why is a prime knot indecomposable?
What is an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined?
What is an element p of R called if it is neither zero nor a unit?
In the ring Z of integers, the set of prime elements equals what?
What is a prime element?
Why is an element irreducible if it is not a unit?
What continues to hold in unique factorization domains?
What is an example of a unique factorization domain?
What is the set of complex numbers of the form Z[i] that is an example of a unique factorization domain?
What are a and b in the Gaussian integers Z[i]?
What is the form of a rational prime in Z?
Where is the notion of number replaced with that of ideal?
What generalizes prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal?
Along with algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, in what field are prime ideals an important tool and object of study?
What generalizes to the Lasker-Noether theorem?
The Lasker-Noether theorem expresses every ideal in what?
What are the points of algebro-geometric objects?
Factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field bears some resemblance to what?
What can be used in proving quadratic reciprocity?
What does quadratic reciprocity concern?
When a number is multiplied by p, what happens to the norm?
Some arithmetic questions related to Q may be transferred back and forth to what?
What does completing Q with respect to yield the field of real numbers?
What principle underlines the importance of primes to number theory?
Who used prime numbers to create ametrical music through natural phenomena?
What was the name of Olivier Messiaen's 1935 work?
What was the name of the 1949-50 work that Olivier Messiaen created?
In which of Olivier Messiaen's works do the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear?
What did Olivier Messiaen say he was inspired by?
Where does the Rhine begin?
Where does the Rhine empties into?
What is the biggest city on the river Rhine?
What is the second longest river in Central and Western Europe?
How long is the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine located?
Where does the Rhine end?
How long is the Rhine?
What is the name of the Rhine in modern languages derived from?
What is another name for the Gaulish name Rēnos?
What was the Gaulish name for the Rhine?
When was the Gaulish name Rēnos adapted in Roman-era geography?
What is the name of the Rhine in modern languages derived from?
What is another name for the Gaulish name Rēnos?
What is the Dutch name for the Rhine?
What was the Gaulish name for the Rhine?
What was the Dutch name for the Rhine?
What is the length of the Rhine usually measured in?
When was the Rheinkilometer introduced?
Where does the Rheinkilometer begin?
Where does the Rheinkilometer begin?
Why is the length of the Rhine significantly shortened?
What is the length of the Rhine usually measured in?
When was the Rheinkilometer introduced?
Where does the Rheinkilometer begin?
Why is the length of the Rhine significantly shortened?
Where does the Rheinkilometer begin?
What direction does the Rhine turn to near Chur?
How long is the Alpine Rhine near Chur?
What is the name of the glacial alpine valley that the Alpine Rhine flows through?
Where is a natural dam that prevents the Rhine from flowing into the Seeztal valley?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein and later what country to the East?
Where does the Rhine make a distinctive turn to the north?
How long is the Alpine Rhine Valley?
What is the height of the Rhine Valley?
What is the name of the glacial alpine valley that the Alpine Rhine flows through?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Liechtenstein and what other country?
What is the mouth of the Rhine into?
What is the West delimited by the Rhine?
What delimits the delta in the East?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
What does Esel mean?
What is the mouth of the Rhine into?
What delimits the delta in the East?
What is the West delimited by the Rhine?
What did the natural Rhine form by precipitating sediments?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
Where is the upper canal for the Rhine?
Where is the lower canal for the Rhine?
What is the problem with constant flooding in the western Rhine Delta?
Where does the Dornbirner Ach now flow?
What will the continuous input of sediment into the lake result in?
Where is the lower canal for the Rhine?
What was the main reason for the regulation of the Rhine?
Where is the upper canal for the Rhine?
What is the name of the canal that flows parallel to the canalized Rhine?
What is expected to silt up the lake?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
What is the Untersee?
What does the Seerhein mean?
Where does the Rhine flow into Lake Constance?
What does the Obersee mean?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
Lake Constance is located in Germany, Switzerland, and what other country?
Lake Constance is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near what mountains?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Along with Bavaria, in what German state does Lake Constance's shorelines lie?
Why does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths at the Rheinbrech?
Where is a small fraction of the flow diverted off the island of Mainau?
Where does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
How long is the flow of the Rhine water clearly visible along the lake?
Where does the flow of cold, gray mountain water return to the surface?
Where does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
Where does the flow of cold, gray mountain water return to the surface?
Where is a small fraction of the flow diverted off the island of Mainau?
What is the Rheinrinne also known as?
What determines the flow of the Rhine water in the lake?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average water discharge of the Aare?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
Where does the Rhine leave Switzerland?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average water discharge of the Aare?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
What language does the Rhine roughly form the Swiss-Swiss border?
What is the first major city in the course of the Rhine?
What is the name of the bend where the direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
How long is the Upper Rhine Plain?
How wide is the Upper Rhine Plain?
What is the first major city in the course of the Rhine?
What is the name of the bend where the direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
What direction does the Rhine change?
Where does the "Rhine knee" end?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow?
What happened to the ground water level?
What carries a significant part of the river water and all of the traffic?
What is the Bassin de compensation de Plobsheim
What region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow?
What happened to the ground water level?
What carries a significant part of the river water and all of the traffic?
Where is the Rhine located?
What is the average discharge of the Moselle?
What is the longest river in Germany?
What is the name of the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average width of the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine located?
Where is the Rhine located?
What is the name of the major tributary of the Rhine?
What country drains to the Rhine via the Moselle?
What is the mean discharge of the Rhine as it approaches the Dutch border?
What river flows through the Rhine Gorge?
Where does the Middle Rhine flow through between Bingen and Bonn?
What caused the formation of the Rhine Gorge?
What is the name of the Rhine Gorge?
What river flows through the Rhine Gorge?
Where does the Middle Rhine flow through between Bingen and Bonn?
Along with vineyards, what is the Rhine Gorge known for?
What is the Rhine Gorge known as?
What can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland?
Where does the Ruhr join the Rhine?
Which river provides the region with drinking water?
What does the Ruhr provide the region with?
Along the Rhine, where can many plants and factories be found?
What was industry a major source of water before the early 1980s?
Along what river are most of the plants and factories located?
Along the Rhine, where can many plants and factories be found?
Where does the Ruhr join the Rhine?
Which river provides the region with drinking water?
Along with viniculture, what is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
Where is the Rhine Gorge located?
What famous rock is near Sankt Goarshausen?
What is considered the epitome of the Rhine romanticism?
Along with viniculture, what is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
What is the Rhine Gorge listed as?
Where is the Rhine Gorge located?
What famous rock is near Sankt Goarshausen?
Where is the rock Lorelei located?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What is the name of the canal that runs parallel to the Lippe?
The Wesel-Datteln Canal runs parallel to what river?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
What river flows through North Rhine-Westphalia?
What is the largest conurbation in Germany?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
What river does the Merwede merge with to form the North Sea?
What Dutch name no longer coincides with the main flow of water?
How much of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west?
In what direction does the Rhine flow?
Where does two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flow through?
What river does the Merwede merge with to form the North Sea?
What branches off near Dordrecht to form Het Scheur?
Where does the other third of the Rhine flow through?
Which river changes its name and becomes the Lek?
What does the Nederrijn change its name to at Wijk bij Duurstede?
What river does the Nederrijn rejoin?
Where does the other third of the Rhine flow through?
Which river changes its name and becomes the Lek?
How much of the Rhine flows through the IJssel branch?
What does the Nederrijn change its name to at Wijk bij Duurstede?
Where does the Nederrijn change its name to the Lek?
What is the name of the smaller streams to the north of the Rhine?
What are the smaller streams used for?
What is the name of the old north branch of the Rhine?
What does Kromme Rijn mean?
What does Oude Rijn mean?
What is the most important natural region of the Netherlands?
Where does the Rhine-Meuse Delta begin?
What is the shorter term for the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
What does the Rhine change its name to?
How many main flows does the Rhine split into?
What is the largest and southern main branch of the Rhine?
What does the Oude Maas mean?
What does Het Scheur mean?
What was the name of the flood in 1421?
When did the St. Elizabeth's flood occur?
What is the name of the archipelago-like estuary with Waal and Lek?
When did the Meuse and Waal merge?
What did the Meuse form with Waal and Lek?
Many rivers have been closed and now serve as what for the polders?
What changed the Delta in the second half of the 20th century?
What is another term for a river that has been closed?
When did the construction of Delta Works change the Delta fundamentally?
What type of delta is the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
What shape the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
What could strong tidal currents do?
Between Brakel and what city can the most landward tidal influence be detected?
The present Mediterranean Sea descends from what sea?
When did the two plates reverse direction and begin to compress the Tethys floor?
What did the microplates caught in the squeeze and rotated or were pushed laterally generate?
During what era was the Triassic period?
Which microplate pushed up the Pyrenees?
What rift system did the ongoing Alpine orogeny cause?
What is considered the first Rhine river?
When did the Upper Rhine Graben develop?
Along with the Rhone, what river drained the northern flanks of the Alps?
How did the Rhine extend its watershed southward?
When did the Rhine capture streams down to the Vosges Mountains?
By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to what mountains?
What geological period ended around 2.5 million years ago?
How many major Ice Ages have occurred?
How much did sea level drop during the Ice Ages?
In what direction did the Rhine follow in the Early Pleistocene?
Where was the Rhine's mouth located during glacial times?
What year was the last glacial period?
When did the Pleistocene end?
In what direction did the lower Rhine flow through the Netherlands?
How much lower was the sea level during the last glacial?
Along with the Irish Channel and most of the North Sea, what channel was dry land during the last glacial?
What was the source of the Rhine's current course?
What type of land covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum?
When was the Last Glacial Maximum?
What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What type of dust settled in and around the Rhine Valley during the Last Glacial Maximum?
When did northwest Europe begin to warm up?
What happened to frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers?
To what river was much of the discharge routed to?
When did the rapid warming and changes of vegetation begin?
By what year was Europe fully forested?
Since when has a situation with tides and currents existed?
What has dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together could compensate the transgression by the sea?
During what time period was the coast line roughly at the same location?
Why is the sea level still rising in the southern North Sea?
What is the rate of sea level rise in the southern North Sea?
When did the Rhine occupy its Late-Glacial valley?
When did the formation of the Rhine-Meuse delta begin?
Where did the Rhine occupy at the start of the Holocene?
In what country did sea-level continue to rise in the Holocene?
When has human impact been seen in the delta?
What did the shifting of river channels cause?
What has increased in the Rhine?
When did embankment and damming of minor distributaries take place?
How many avulsions have occurred over the past 6000 years?
Where do the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to?
Where did the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea?
Where does the river IJssel branch enter?
Since 1932, what has been the IJsselmeer?
How many branches does the Rhine have?
When did the Rhine first enter the historical period?
The Rhine formed the boundary between Gaul and what?
When was the Upper Rhine part of the late Hallstatt culture?
Who wrote the Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil?
When did Augustus die?
What river did Rome accept as her Germanic frontier?
What happened to the northern section of the Germanic frontier?
Where did Roman subjects from Alsace-Lorraine drift across the river?
Which part of the Germanic frontier remained the Roman boundary until the empire fell?
How many legions did the Romans keep along the Rhine?
What army did the Romans have two legions for?
What was the name of the town that was renamed Colonia Agrippina?
The number of legions in a base depended on whether a state or what existed?
What does oppidum Ubiorum mean?
When did the kingdoms of Francia, Burgundy, and Alemannia form?
What did the 5th century establish on the Lower Rhine?
What does Siebengebirge mean?
Who is the hero of the Nibelungenlied?
Who threw Kriemhild's golden treasure into the Rhine?
When was the Rhine within the borders of Francia?
When was the Rhine fully within the Holy Roman Empire?
Along with Swabia, Franconia, and Fran Conia, where did the Rhine flow in the 10th century?
Who sold the Alsace to Burgundy?
When was the Alsace sold to Burgundy?
Since what treaty has the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany?
What was a long-term goal of French foreign policy?
Who established the Confederation of the Rhine?
When was the Confederation of the Rhine established?
When was the Rhine crisis?
When was the Rhineland subject to the Treaty of Versailles?
When did the Treaty of Versailles end?
Who was forbidden to enter the Rhineland after 1935?
What did the Treaty of Versailles help?
When did the German army occupy the Rhineland?
Where was the Rhine bridge located?
What did the Rhine present to the Western Allies in World War II?
When did Operation Market Garden fail?
What bridge crossing the Rhine at Remagen became famous?
What was the name of the Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War?
What was the generally accepted length of the Rhine until 1932?
What German encyclopedia stated the length of the Rhine as 1,320 kilometres in 1932?
Why did the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon give the length of the Rhine as 1,320 kilometres?
What was the length of the Rhine in 1932?
When was the error discovered?
When did the Scottish electorate vote for devolution?
What was the name of the act that convened the current Scottish Parliament?
What does the Scotland Act delineate the legislative competence of the Parliament?
The Scotland Act 1998 explicitly specifies powers that are "reserved" to whom?
The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to whom?
What remained an important element in Scottish national identity?
How many years was Scotland directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain?
What caused the shelving of proposals for a devolved Parliament?
When did a sharp rise in nationalism in Scotland occur?
What did Kilbrandon recommend in 1973?
In what sea was oil discovered in Scotland?
What was the name of the campaign that led to rising support for Scottish independence?
When did Prime Minister Wilson commit his government to some form of devolved legislature?
Why did the SNP argue for Scottish independence?
When were the final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed by the United Kingdom Parliament?
Where would an elected assembly be set up in 1978?
What percentage of the Scottish electorate had to vote for an elected assembly in 1979?
What was the vote in favor of a Scottish Assembly in 1979?
What happened to the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly?
What percentage of the eligible voting population did not vote?
What demand grew in the 1980s and 1990s?
Who controlled the government of the United Kingdom in the 1980s and 1990s?
When was the Scottish Constitutional Convention held?
What did the Scottish Constitutional Convention publish in 1995?
What is the official home of the Scottish Parliament?
Who designed the Scottish Parliament Building?
What nationality was Enric Miralles?
What shape are the buildings in the Scottish Parliament Building?
Who opened the new Scottish Parliament Building in 2004?
What was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland vacated twice?
Where was the Parliament's temporary home?
Where were official photographs and television interviews held in the General Assembly Hall?
Where was the Parliament temporarily relocated to in May 2002?
Where was the Parliament temporarily relocated in May 2000?
Who rented the General Assembly Hall to the Parliament?
The former administrative building of what organization was used for MSP's offices?
What happened to the Lothian Regional Council building after the Parliament moved to Holyrood?
Where are the former Midlothian County Buildings located?
Which hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room?
How many MSPs are elected at the beginning of each parliamentary session?
Who is the speaker of the Scottish Parliament?
What type of ballot is used to elect the Presiding Officer?
How many MSPs are there?
Who operates the electronic voting equipment and chamber clocks?
Who is responsible for ensuring that the Parliament functions effectively?
What is the name of the group that allocates time and sets the work agenda?
How many seats does each political party have in the Parliament?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad?
What is the seating arranged in the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament?
Why is the seating arranged in a hemicycle in the Scottish Parliament?
How many seats are in the debating chamber?
How many seats are for the Scottish Law Officers?
What can Law Officers not do?
Where is the gold in the mace from?
What is the mace made from?
Who presented the mace to the Scottish Parliament?
What are the words on the mace?
Where is the mace displayed?
In what month does Parliament typically take two week recess?
Where are plenary meetings held in Scotland?
Who are chamber debates and committee meetings open to?
How much is the cost to enter the debating chamber?
What is the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates called?
On what day of the week is Time for Reflection usually held?
How long does a speaker address members of Parliament on Wednesdays?
Who decides who is invited to address Parliament on Wednesdays?
According to the Scottish census, what do speakers represent the balance of?
What can Faith groups make direct representations to the Presiding Officer?
Who decides who speaks in chamber debates?
What does the Presiding Officer decide?
What does the Presiding Officer try to achieve a balance between?
Who are the opening speakers in an open debate?
In what language is the Scottish Parliament's debates conducted?
When do MSPs decide on motions and amendments?
What is heralded by the sounding of the division bell?
What do MSPs who are not in the chamber do?
How do MSPs vote during Decision Time?
How long does it take to know the outcome of each division?
What can be predicted beforehand?
Who instructs members which way to vote?
What are MSPs known as?
What type of issues are "free votes" typically done on?
What can an errant member of the Scottish Parliament do?
When is a "Members Debate" held?
What is the definition of an MSP?
How long does a Members Debate last?
Along with the proposer and the minister, who usually contributes to a Members Debate?
What does the relevant minister do during the debate?
Much of the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in what?
Is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament stronger or weaker than in other parliamentary systems?
Why is the role of committees stronger in the Scottish Parliament than other parliamentary systems?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
Where can committees meet in Scotland?
How many MSPs make up a committee?
What does the membership of the committees reflect?
What do different committees have in different ways?
What type of committees are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders?
In what session of the Scottish Parliament are the current Mandatory Committees?
When are Subject Committees established?
How many departments does each committee typically correspond with?
What is the name of the committees in the fourth Session?
In what session are the current Subject Committees established?
What type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party?
What type of private bills typically relate to?
What is the name of the government that is not a member of the Scottish Parliament?
What type of committee has been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network?
What governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament?
Who gave royal assent to the Scotland Act 1998?
What does the Scotland Act 2012 extend?
Who continues to constitute the supreme legislature of Scotland?
Who has limited tax-varying capability?
Where are the specific devolved matters found in the Scotland Act?
All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to who?
What happens to matters that are not specifically reserved?
How much can the Scottish Parliament alter income tax in Scotland?
What act conferred further fiscal devolution?
What type of matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament?
What is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to Westminster?
The Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to, and dealt with at, what?
Who does the Scottish Parliament usually delegate Ministerial functions to?
What can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways?
Who can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill?
A member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as what?
A private bill can be submitted to Parliament by what?
How long do bills pass through Parliament?
What is the first stage of a bill called?
Along with the Explanatory Notes, what is included in Stage 1 of a bill?
What do Statements from the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill indicate?
Where does Stage 1 usually take place?
If the whole Parliament agrees in a vote to the general principles of the bill, it moves to what stage?
What is the final stage of a bill?
How many parts does the final stage of a bill have?
What is the final stage of a bill?
What type of amendments can opposition members table to cause a bill to fall without a final vote?
What is the final stage of a bill called?
To whom does the Presiding Officer submit a bill for royal assent?
What does the Presiding Officer submit the bill to the Monarch for?
How long can the Presiding Officer submit a bill to the Monarch for royal assent?
Where can the Law Officers of the Scottish Government or UK Government refer a bill to for a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the Parliament?
On what date does a bill receive royal assent?
What party forms the Scottish Government?
Who can put their name forward to be First Minister?
Who is the head of the Scottish Government?
Most ministers and their juniors are drawn from whom?
Who makes the formal appointment or dismissal of Scottish ministers?
On what day are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
When are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
Who can change the date of an ordinary general election by up to one month?
What happens if an extraordinary general election is held less than six months before the due date of an ordinary general election?
How many days must the Parliament nominate one of its members to be First Minister?
What enables the Scottish Parliament to scrutinize the Government?
Who is invited to question the First Minister?
What does the First Minister deliver at the beginning of each parliamentary year?
After the statement has been delivered, MSPs question the First Minister on what issues?
What is also set aside for question periods in the debating chamber?
On what day of the week does General Question Time take place?
Who can members ask questions during General Question Time?
What does First Minister's Question Time give members an opportunity to ask the First Minister?
How many general questions are available to opposition leaders?
How many Scottish Parliament constituencies shared the same boundaries as the UK Parliament constituencies in Scotland?
When did the number of Scottish MPs reduce?
How many constituency MSPs are there?
Why are the island archipelagos of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles such a small number of electors?
How many electors are in the average Scottish Parliament constituency?
How are the total number of seats in the Parliament allocated?
What method is used to allocate the number of seats in the Parliament?
The party with the highest number of votes is awarded the seat, which is called what?
What is added to the party with the highest quotient in allocating the second seat?
How is the d'Hondt method repeated?
What qualifications apply to being an MSP?
When was the British Nationality Act introduced?
What is the minimum age to be an MSP?
What groups are disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament?
What act states that an individual may not sit in the Scottish Parliament if they are judged to be insane?
What was the first time in the Scottish Parliament that a party had a majority?
Who did the SNP take 16 seats from?
How many votes did Iain Gray get in East Lothian?
How many seats did the SNP take from the Liberal Democrats?
What referendum was there sufficient support in the Scottish Parliament to hold?
Which party lost Edinburgh Pentlands to the SNP?
What seat did the Conservatives lose to the SNP?
How many seats did the Conservatives lose?
Who was the leader of the Conservatives?
Who congratulated the SNP on their victory?
What is a procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament?
What are English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs unable to vote on?
What is the name of the issue of Scottish MPs being able to vote on domestic legislation that applies only to England, Wales and Northern Ireland?
What political party won the 2015 UK election?
What is the only country in the UK that Scottish MPs can vote on domestic legislation?
What is the reordering of government and society in accordance with Shari'a?
In what areas of life does Political Islam attempt to implement Islamic values?
What does Islamism favor?
The different Islamist movements have been described as oscillating between what?
How is state power seized by Islamists?
What type of political process do Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine participate in?
Where is Hamas located?
What do Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine seek to do?
What do al-Qaeda and the Taliban reject?
On what type of basis do some Islamist groups call for attacks?
What is the division between Salafis and the Muslim Brotherhood?
What did Olivier Roy argue underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century?
What did the Salafi movement focus on?
What do Islamists need to maintain their legitimacy?
Why do Islamists need democratic elections?
What type of role does Islamism posits?
What is a controversial concept because it posits a political role for?
Who believes their views only reflect Islam?
What does Hayri Abaza argue the failure to distinguish between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support?
What do progressive moderates want to separate?
What is the term for those who want to live by the principles of Islam?
Who did a writer for the International Crisis Group claim created the conception of political Islam?
What did a writer for the International Crisis Group believe apolitical Islam was?
When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?
What type of Islam is apolitical?
What did Western and pro-Western governments see Islamist groups as in the 1970s?
When did Western and pro-Western governments often support sometimes fledgling Islamists?
What did the veterans of the war have?
Who did the US spend billions of dollars to aid?
What did Western governments consider to be more dangerous than Islamists?
What did the veterans of the war have?
Who was the first Egyptian president to make peace with Israel?
What did Anwar Sadat make with Israel?
What did Anwar Sadat release Islamists from prison in exchange for?
When did the "gentlemen's agreement" between Sadat and Islamists break down?
What happened to Anwar Sadat?
What type of Islam was Wahhabism?
What did Wahhabism say Muslims should do to infidels for their religion?
What did Wahhabism claim democracy was responsible for in the 20th century?
What did Wahhabism say Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims were?
What country is Wahhabism based in?
What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?
What type of government does the Muslim Brotherhood compare to?
What type of assistance to students from out of town does the Muslim Brotherhood provide?
What is the commitment to social justice limited to?
Why are mass marriage ceremonies important to the Muslim Brotherhood?
What did Iqbal study in England and Germany?
What was the name of the London branch of?
What was Iqbal a critic of?
When did Iqbal return to Lahore?
What was the title of Iqbal's 1934 book?
What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam?
What did Iqbal fear that India's Hindu population would do to Muslim heritage, culture and political influence?
What did Iqbal call for the shedding of?
When was Sir Muhammad Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League?
What movement was inspired by Iqbal's Allahabad Address?
Who was an important early 20th century figure in the Islamic revival in India?
What profession did Maududi choose?
When was the Jamaat-e-Islami party founded?
How did Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
How did Maududi's books place Islam?
Who was an important early 20th century figure in the Islamic revival in India?
What profession did Maududi choose?
How did Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
What did Maududi's books place Islam in?
What did Maududi believe a Muslim society could not be Islamic without?
What did Maududi believe Islam required?
What does tawhid mean?
How did Maududi describe the process of changing the hearts and minds of people?
What did Maududi use to change the hearts and minds of people?
When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?
What is the Muslim Brotherhood's motto?
What type of influence did Hassan al Banna want to eliminate from the Muslim world?
What did some elements of the Brotherhood engage in against the government?
When was Al-Banna assassinated?
Who was assassinated three months before Al-Banna?
When was the Brotherhood banned in Egypt?
Who was the president of Egypt in 1948?
What has the Brotherhood become in the Islamic world?
What percentage of seats did the Muslim Brotherhood win in the 2011-2012 election?
What was the Brotherhood's legal status for many years?
What was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do during elections?
Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt?
How did the defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops occur?
How did the Six-Day War impact the Arab Muslim world?
What type of stagnation was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes?
What happened to the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics?
Along with democratic movements, what movements gained ground after the Six-Day War?
What type of father was Mohammad Iqbal?
Who was the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?
Where is Khomeini's beliefs perceived to be placed in relation to Mawdudi and Qutb?
Who did Khomeini believe was essential to Islam?
What did Khomeini believe the plundering of Muslim lands was part of?
What type of Republic has maintained power in Iran despite US economic sanctions?
What type of groups has the Islamic Republic created or assisted?
What type of sanctions does the US have against Iran?
When did the Iranian government enjoy a resurgence in popularity?
Who said that Israel shall vanish?
What country sent its 40th Army into Afghanistan in 1979?
What was the Soviet Union trying to stop in 1979?
What did the conflict galvanize Muslims around the world to do?
What was the military effectiveness of the Afghan Arabs?
How many Muslim volunteers came to fight in Afghanistan?
What did the Gulf War do?
Who was the enemy of Saudi Arabia in the Gulf War?
What movement did the Gulf War work to radicalize?
What country did Saddam attack?
Who did Islamists accuse the Saudi regime of being a puppet of?
Who did the 9/11 attacks resonate with?
Who did Saudi Arabia try to repress?
Where did American troops remain after Saddam's defeat?
In what country was there a civil war?
Who was responsible for the 9/11 attack?
Who's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment?
When was Qutb executed?
What group did Hasan al-Hudaybi lead?
What type of movements were inspired by the final writings of Qutb?
When did the Brotherhood renounce violence?
What group assassinated Anwar Sadat in 1981?
When was Anwar Sadat assassinated?
What term did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad use to describe leaders of Muslim states?
What did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad group believe that some of the leaders of Muslim states were doing?
Who wrote the pamphlet outlining the views of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad?
What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya employ in their struggle for Islamic order?
What Egyptian group used violence in their struggle for Islamic order?
When did Jamaa Islamiya renounce violence?
What was the result of al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya's campaign to overthrow the government?
Who have the Islamic Liberation Party, Salvation from Hell and Takfir wal-Hijra attempted to assassinate?
What was the Muslim Brotherhood's stance towards Israel prior to the First Palestine Intifada?
What group did the Muslim Brotherhood form in support of the First Palestine Intifada?
What did the 1988 Hamas charter call for?
What did the Muslim Brotherhood disapprove of the secular middle class drinking?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood based?
Who has been praised by Muslims for driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip?
How many people did Hamas kill from 2000 to 2007?
What did Hamas win in the 2006 legislative election?
When did Hamas drive the PLO out of Gaza?
What has Hamas been praised by Muslims for?
What type of regime did Hassan al-Turabi lead?
Who was the leader of the Islamist regime in Sudan?
What group did General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invite to serve in his government?
How did Hassan al-Turabi build his economic base?
Where did Hassan al-Turabi place his loyalists?
When was al-Nimeiry overthrown?
How did the NIF overthrow the post-al-Nimeiry government?
What type of law did Turabi apply?
Who did the NIF regime harbor?
What did the NIF work to unify Islamist opposition to?
What did women do in response to the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men?
When was the FIS founded?
Where was the FIS based?
What is the FIS also known as?
What caused the cancellation of the 1991 elections?
What did the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union not lead to?
How was the civil war in Afghanistan in the 1980s?
When did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse?
What did the civil war in Afghanistan make it?
What percentage of Afghanistan did the Taliban take over in 1996?
What group was spawned by the thousands of madrasahs?
What country was the Deobandi movement located in?
What is another term for the Taliban?
What did the Taliban want to spread to an entire country?
Who was the guest of the Taliban?
When did General Zia-ul-Haq overthrow Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto?
What did Ali Bhutto ban within six months?
What was the official state ideology of Zia-ul-Haq?
What did Zia-ul-Haq use Islamization to legitimize?
When did Zia-ul-Haq die?
What type of group is the Islamic State?
Who is the majority of the Islamic State's membership?
How many people lived in Iraq and Syria in March 2015?
What does the Islamic State lack?
What did the Islamic State declare in 2014?
When did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?
When did the Iraqi insurgency begin?
What did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad complain about?
When did the Syrian Civil War begin?
What has the United Nations designated ISIL?
How does HT view Muslim history?
When did HT see Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring?
When was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished?
What type of system does HT believe the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate ended?
What does HT believe the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate did?
What type of jihad does HT not engage in?
How does HT try to take power?
Who does HT want to "facilitate" a change of government?
In what country was HT banned in 1974?
Many HT members have gone on to join what?
How many Muslims live in Greater London?
What type of outlook do some of the Muslims in London have?
When was the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque aired?
What is the term given to the large number of Muslims in London?
What was Abu Hamza al-Masri charged with?
How long has the US government been trying to counter Islamism?
What department is responsible for public diplomacy programmes in the US?
Who called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of "political warfare"?
What position did Robert Gates hold?
What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with doing during the Cold War?
What language did the word "imperium" originate from?
Along with colonization and other means, what is an example of a means of imperialism?
Along with the West, what country has the term imperialism been applied to?
What has imperialism allowed for the rapid spread of?
Along with military force, what is another way of extending a country's power?
What is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule"?
What is another term for imperialism based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes?
Informal imperialism is less what?
What is the second definition of imperialism?
Along with "informal" imperialism, what is another term for imperialism?
What is the general purpose of imperialism?
What is one way that informal rule can expand the controlled area?
What type of rule is generally less costly than taking over territories formally?
What is the greatest aspect of an empire?
What caused the world to be divided by how developed and developing nation are portrayed?
Who suggested that imperialism was the highest form of capitalism?
Some states today are viewed as what due to their political and economic authority over other nations?
What type of empires are most books on the subject of imperialism confined to?
What is another term for imperialism?
What does colonialism lack?
Along with financial reasons, for what reason is imperialism developed?
Along with the Russian, what is an example of a land empire that is generally excluded from discussions of colonialism?
What have imperialism and colonialism been used to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon?
What is the term for the process of a country taking physical control of another country?
What does colonialism refer to the process of a country doing?
How does imperialism create an empire?
What is the core meaning of colonialism?
What can be inherited by the conquered indigenous populations?
What is a controversial aspect of imperialism?
What did Friedrich Ratzel believe was needed in order for a state to survive?
What did Hobson believe was the reason for imperialism?
Along with the purportedly scientific nature of "Social Darwinism," what theory formed a supposedly rational justification for imperialism?
What is still prized today in Latin America?
Where was Friedrich Ratzel from?
What country did Mackinder support?
What type of geographers supported imperialism?
The Royal Geographical Society of London and other what had great influence?
What did the Royal Geographical Society of London do for travelers who came back with tales of their discoveries?
What theory suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance?
In what zone did Ellen Churchill Semple argue that humans were only able to become fully human?
What did Edward Said's Tropicality parallel with?
What did environmental determinism suggest that tropical environments created?
According to Siad, orientalism allowed Europe to establish itself as what?
What concept did British imperialism often use?
When did the country of Australia serve as a case study in relation to British settlement and colonial rule?
The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of what?
What type of inhabitants lived in Australia?
What does Terra nullius mean?
What does Orientalism refer to?
What did early European studies of the Orient position the East as?
What did Orientalism define the East as?
What is the term for the West's imaginative geography of the East?
What type of West was the East compared to?
What did Bassett focus on during the "scramble for Africa"?
What did Bassett believe the use of blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory provided incentives for imperial and colonial powers to obtain?
What did Bassett use blank space to denote?
What did Bassett focus on during his analysis of the "scramble for Africa"?
Along with the British, what European power did Bassett claim maps contributed to the expansion of?
When did the Americas have large empires?
Imperialism was a basic component to the conquests of whom?
How many historically recognized Muslim empires are there in Sub-Saharan Africa?
What is an example of a Sub-Saharan African empire that predated the European colonial era?
What continent has had dozens of empires that predate the European colonial era?
What is it called when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
What is the term for a country's influence in social and cultural circles?
What American soap opera changed the expectations of Romanians during the Cold War?
What culture did Dallas change the expectations of?
What do authoritarian regimes do to fight foreign popular culture?
When did the Age of Imperialism begin?
What did industrializing nations engage in the process of doing during the Age of Imperialism?
How many years have imperialist practices existed?
When did the Age of Imperialism end?
What was the name of the policy that was implemented in China during the Age of Imperialism?
When was John Gallagher born?
When did Ronald Robinson die?
John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson are what?
What grew significantly and became more interconnected in the decades before World War I?
Who was rich and prosperous in the decades before World War I?
What was the focus of Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism?
When was the colonization of India?
Where did Europe collect resources from?
The British exploited the political weakness of what state?
Along with advancements in military technology, what other technology did Europe continue to advance in?
What did European chemists make that could be used in combat?
What had become an effective battlefield weapon by the 1880s?
What were armies in less developed countries still fighting with?
What type of chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat?
In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on what experience?
When was the term "imperialism" introduced into English?
What did some people consider imperialism to be a policy of?
Why did Lenin believe that imperialism was a natural extension of capitalism?
Along with capitalism and imperialism, what other group has been linked to imperialism?
When did the rise of the military-political complex in the US begin?
When were these writers at their most prolific?
What did Hobson believe imperialism to be?
What did Hobson believe could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world?
What was used to categorically place indigenous people in a racial hierarchy?
What was it believed that a certain person's behaviours were determined by?
What were people living in tropical environments seen as?
Along with the Americas, Asia and Africa, where was the last wave of European colonialism?
What are the two forms of environmental determinism?
Who believed that the world could be split into climatic zones?
What two climates were believed to produce a hard working, moral, and upstanding human being?
What were the people of the temperate climates believed to need?
What is a view of a people based on their geographical location?
According to geographic scholars, the world could be split into climatic zones under what?
When did Britain's imperialist ambitions begin?
When was the British East India Company established?
Who chartered the British East India Company?
What did political activity in 1767 cause in the East India Company?
What other empire had already established trading posts in India?
When did France take control of Algeria?
When did France begin to rebuild its worldwide empire?
Along with French civilization and language, what religion did Germany spread?
In what continent did France begin to rebuild its empire after 1850?
When did Republicans become supportive of the French empire?
What did Jules Ferry claim France had a duty to do?
What was always on the distant horizon?
What did France send to its colonies?
What did Ferry claim was a moral justification to bring the world up to French standards?
What was the only colony where French settlers remained a small minority?
What did the Free French use as bases in World War II?
What began to challenge the Empire after 1945?
In what country did France fight and lose a bitter war in the 1950s?
Where did the Free French win the war in the 1950s?
When did most of France's colonies gain independence?
Where were the original homelands of the Germanic tribes?
What was the last area to be conquered by the Germans by 1000 CE?
When did Germanic tribes expand throughout northern and western Europe?
When did the Holy Roman Empire form?
What did "Germany" remain largely a conceptual term referring to?
When did Germany begin to participate in Western imperialism?
When did Otto von Bismarck become Chancellor?
When did Prussia unite the other states?
Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
What did Otto von Bismarck believe the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from?
Along with Africa, where did Germany begin to build a colonial empire in 1883-84?
Why did Bismarck want colonies?
When was German New Guinea established?
What was the first German colony?
Who influenced Bismarck?
What did Japan take from Russia in 1905?
When was the First Sino-Japanese War?
What country did Japan force into an alliance?
What territory did Japan conquer in 1931?
What country did the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China support after World War II?
When did the policy of "Indigenization" stop being implemented?
Who asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory?
Where did the Soviet Union's forces occupy in 1919-20?
Who reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as the Tsarist Empire by 1921?
What did Trotsky believe the revolution could only succeed in Russia?
Who declared that imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism?
Who argued that the Soviet Union had become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade?
Who was the new political leader in the late 1950s?
What did Joseph Stalin establish for the Soviet Union?
What was the First British Empire based on?
When did Britain lose its American colonies?
What did Britain adopt in the 1840s?
When did the Spanish and Portuguese lose their colonies?
When did Britain defeat Napoleonic France?
What was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen in terms of landmass and population?
What type of science was Social Darwinism?
What was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury?
Along with Asia, in what region did the British add to their empire in the late 19th century?
What was the name of the policy that the US used to express its opposition to imperialism?
What was Theodore Roosevelt's policy in Central America?
What happened in the Philippines in 1898?
Along with Cuba, what country did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose the annexation of?
What was American foreign policy denounced as by Smedley Butler?
Who was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914?
When was Bowman appointed to President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry?
Along with President Wilson, who was responsible for the creation of the American Empire?
What was the point of the inquiry?
What was Isiah Bowman known as as a result of his role in the inquiry?
What have some people described as a form of imperialism or colonialism?
What is the internal form of imperialism referred to as?
How many Africans did the United States treat in the slave trade?
What did Edward Said say the US was using aggressive means of attack towards?
When did the Ottoman Empire end?
Who was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries?
How many provinces did the Ottoman Empire have at the beginning of the 17th century?
Along with Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa, in what continent did the Ottoman Empire control?
When was the Ottoman Empire's power at its height?
What was the capital of the Ottoman empire?
Who did the Ottoman empire ally with in the early 20th century?
What caused the end of the Ottoman Empire?
What new state was formed in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland after World War I?
What is the name of the mainline Protestant Methodist denomination?
What is the United Methodist Church?
When was the United Methodist Church founded?
What was the United Methodist Church founded by?
What is the theological orientation of the UMC?
What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement?
How many members does the United Methodist Church have across the world?
What does the UMC rank as in the United States?
What percentage of the U.S. population identified with the United Methodist Church in 2015?
When did the United Methodist Church begin?
Where did the United Methodist Church begin?
What did other students mock the Methodists for?
When did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel?
Where did John and Charles Wesley go to teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Who did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel to?
What did John and Charles Wesley's teaching emphasize?
What separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church?
In what year was the Methodist Episcopal Church established?
Who did Wesley appoint to lead the Methodist Society?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
When was St. George's United Methodist Church founded?
Where did St. George's United Methodist Church first meet?
When was the Methodist Episcopal Church founded?
Who were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
Who licensed the first African Americans to be ordained by the Methodist Church?
When were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
When did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
Why did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
When did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two?
Why did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split in 1844?
When was the United Methodist Church created?
Where did the Evangelical United Brethren Church and The Methodist Church join?
Who represented the Methodist Church?
What type of church does the United Methodist Church consider itself to be a part of?
What recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon?
What does the concept of the "visible and invisible Church" mean?
Why did John Wesley break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers?
Who assisted Wesley in his decision to ordain Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat?
Who were the two lay preachers John Wesley ordained in 1784?
When was the United Methodist Church formed?
Who were the founding fathers of the United Methodist Church?
Who was the first United Methodist theologian?
Who was the first United Methodist theologian?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is Prevenient grace?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is the name of the grace offered by God to all people?
Where is it that we are received by God, in spite of our sin?
What is another name for justifying grace?
What is another name for justifying grace?
What did John Wesley call the experience of being born again?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is the name of the grace of God that sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection?
What is Christian Perfection?
What did Wesley believe was possible for all Christians?
What type of theology stands at a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental?
What does the United Methodist Church believe in?
What is considered one of the more moderate and tolerant denominations with respect to race, gender, and ideology?
According to what book is United Methodist theology at once "catholic, evangelical, and reformed"?
When did the General Conference go on record in support of the work of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
What is the denomination's stance on abortion?
What group was the United Methodist Church a founding member of?
What are the names of the two official bodies of the United Methodist Church?
Who does the church emphasize the need to be in supportive ministry with?
Who does the church hold that they are equally bound to respect the sacredness of?
What is the name of the group that members of the United Methodist Church have organized into?
When was the General Conference held?
Who is president of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality?
What movement has the Methodist Church historically supported?
When did the United Methodist Church call on all United Methodists to abstain from alcohol for Lent?
What was the name of John Wesley's famous sermon?
What does the United Methodist Church use in the sacrament of Holy Communion?
What does the United Methodist Church condemn?
When did Jesus abolish the death penalty?
When does the United Methodist Church believe Jesus repudiated the lex talionis?
What part of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment?
What does the United Methodist Church prohibit the celebration of?
When was Rev. Jimmy Creech defrocked?
When was same-sex marriage legalized nationwide?
What is the name of the governing committee of the United Methodist Church?
Many organizations, conferences, and congregations have recently called for broader acceptance of what community within the UMC?
What have many conferences voted in favor of?
When was Rose Mary Denman defrocked?
When were clergy credentials removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud?
Who has approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose?
What is not always righteous according to the United Methodist Church?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose?
What does the United Methodist Church believe war is incompatible with?
What does the United Methodist Church reject war as?
What does the United Methodist Church endorses?
Who states that pornography is harmful and is generally addictive?
What does the United Methodist Church teach that pornography is about?
Who do people who are addicted to pornography change their perceptions of?
What type of research does the UMC support federal funding for?
What does the UMC support research on?
What does the UMC support federal funding for?
What was the name of John Wesley's revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
When was the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America created?
What did John Wesley provide a revised version of?
Where is exorcism an occasional practice by some clergy in the United Methodist Church?
What is the source of many of the liturgies in the United Methodist Church?
Along with the laying on of hands and anointing of the sick, what does the United Methodist Church's official liturgies involve?
What may be named after a biblical figure?
Who was the founder of the Salvation Army?
Who is Methodism's founder?
What is the name of the church that is organized into conferences?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
What is the name of the book that records legislative changes in the United Methodist Church?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
How often does the General Conference meet?
How many jurisdictions is the United States divided into?
How many central conferences does the church have outside of the United States?
What is the main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences?
Who are the chief administrators of the church?
What is the name of the area where bishops are elected?
Who makes decisions in-between the four-year meetings?
Who are the members of the Mission Council?
How many acres did the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction approve a 99-year lease of?
What was the purpose of the 99-year lease?
Where is the George W. Bush Presidential Library located?
How many members does the Judicial Council have?
What is the highest court in the denomination?
How long is the term of a member of the Judicial Council?
How often does the Judicial Council meet?
Where does the Judicial Council meet?
What is the basic unit of organization within the UMC?
What does the term Annual Conference refer to?
What are clergy members of?
What is the guidebook for local churches and pastors?
How many members must a board of trustees have in a United Methodist church?
How many members must a board of trustees have in a United Methodist church?
What is the name of the annual meeting of all the officers of the church?
What is the name of the annual meeting of all the officers of the church?
How many colleges and universities does the United Methodist Church have in the US?
How many schools does the United Methodist Church operate overseas?
What is the name of the association that the United Methodist Church is a part of?
Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?
What do elders serve as in local congregations?
What is the name of the group that elders in full connection are each a member of?
What is the name of the group that each deacon in full connection is a member of?
Who advises the resident bishop on clergy appointments?
How long can an appointment be made?
When are no appointments officially fixed?
Who is given the authority to preach the Word of God?
Where can Elders be appointed?
How long do provisional Elders serve?
What is an example of a position that an Elder may be assigned?
How long do provisional deacons serve?
Who gives leadership, preach the Word, contribute in worship, conduct marriages, bury the dead, and aid the church in embodying its mission?
Who gives leadership, preach the Word, contribute in worship, conduct marriages, bury the dead, and aid the church in embodying its mission?
What can a deacon do if they are appointed as a pastor?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
Who serves a two-three year term in a full-time appointment?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is the official title of a local pastor?
What is the official title of a local pastor?
How many years of study are local pastors required to attend?
What does a licensed local pastor have the ability to continue towards?
What are those who have been baptized as an infant or child but have not subsequently professed their own faith?
How do Baptized Members become Professing Members?
How can an individual become a Professing Member?
What is a sacrament in the UMC?
In what classes do students learn about Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition?
What directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes to all people?
What do students learn in confirmation and membership preparation classes?
What is another position in the United Methodist Church?
What must a local church lay servant do to be recognized?
How often must a lay servant report how long they have served?
How many courses must a certified lay servant complete?
What is one tradition within the Christian Church?
What status did the United Methodist Church vote to seek in the National Association of Evangelicals?
What do some members of the United Methodist Church feel that false ecumenism might result in?
When did the Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union form?
When did the United Methodist Church enter into full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
Since what year has the United Methodist Church been exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations?
How many members did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many congregations did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many members were there in 2005?
How many congregations did the UMC have in 2005?
What state has the largest number of members?
What was the total UMC membership at the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
How many members were estimated to be in the U.S. in 2008?
How many UMC members were estimated to be overseas in 2008?
What group is the UMC a member of?
What is the name of the interdenominational group that the UMC is active in?
When did the World Methodist Council vote to adopt the "Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification"?
When was the French and Indian War?
Who was the French and Indian War fought between?
What was the population of the French North American colonies at the start of the war?
How many people lived in the British North American colonies?
Where was the war fought?
What started the war?
When did the dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers begin?
When did the British capture Fort Beauséjour?
What was the result of Braddock's attack on the French?
Why did British operations in 1755, 1756 and 1757 fail?
What was captured by the British in 1755?
What did the British order after capturing Fort Beauséjour?
Who came to power after the British government fell?
Why was France not willing to send troops to help the British in the colonies?
Where did France concentrate its forces?
Where did the British lose to the French?
What territory did France cede to Britain?
What territory did France cede to Britain?
What was the result of France's loss of territory east of the Mississippi?
When was King George's War?
What does the traditional name of the French and Indian War omit?
What was the Seven Years' War?
What are other names for the French and Indian War?
What are the official dates of the Seven Years' War?
How long did the Seven Years' War last?
When was Montreal captured?
What was the first battle of the Seven Years' War?
What was the population of the French in the St. Lawrence River valley?
Where was the French population located?
Where did French fur traders and trappers travel throughout?
How much did British settlers outnumber French settlers?
Where was the eastern coast of the continent?
Where were the population centers of the British colonies located?
Who dominated large areas between the French and the British?
Which two tribes were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War?
The Iroquois Confederation dominated much of what?
Were the tribes under Iroquois rule?
What were the three Siouan-speaking tribes in the Southeast interior?
Where did the French recruit fighters from?
Who supported the British in the Anglo-Cherokee War?
Did the French have regular army troops in North America at the start of the war?
How many British troops were in North America at the start of the war?
What did most British colonies do to deal with native threats?
How many miles did the expedition cover?
How many people were in Céloron's expedition?
Who did Céloron tell to leave the Ohio Country?
What did the Native Americans do when Céloron's expedition arrived at Logstown?
What was the home of the Miami chief known as "Old Briton"?
What did Céloron do to Old Briton?
What did Old Briton do?
What did Céloron say about the Natives?
What did each side of the conflict in the Ohio Country want to do?
What did William Shirley say about the British colonists?
When did the British government give land to the Ohio Company of Virginia?
Who was given land in 1749?
Who explored the Ohio territory in 1750?
What was the name of the treaty that Christopher Gist completed in 1752?
Where was the Treaty of Logstown?
What is the North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession known as?
When did the War of the Austrian Succession end?
What colonies in North America were turned over to a commission to resolve?
What was claimed by both sides of the treaty?
Who was the Governor-General of New France in 1752?
How many men did Langlade have?
What was the purpose of Langlade's expedition?
How many people were killed in the attack on Pickawillany?
Who was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians?
What was the name of the first fort that Marin constructed?
What was the name of the second fort built by Marin?
What was Paul Marin de la Malgue's orders?
Who was the chief of the Mingo?
Who was William Johnson?
What was William Johnson's nickname?
What was William Johnson made in 1746?
Who was the Speaker of the Iroquois tribal council?
What company was Governor Robert Dinwiddie an investor in?
Who did Dinwiddie order to warn the French to leave Virginia territory?
Who did Washington pick up along the way to warn the French to leave Virginia?
On what date did Washington and his men reach Fort Le Boeuf?
Who succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces?
What letter did Washington give Saint-Pierre?
What did Saint-Pierre say about the letter from Dinwiddie?
Why did Saint-Pierre refuse to leave the Ohio Country?
When did Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecœur lead 500 men south?
When did William Trent begin construction of a small stockaded fort?
What was the name of the small stockaded fort built by William Trent?
What was the name of the Battle of Jumonville Glen
What happened to many of the Canadians?
Why did Tanaghrisson kill the Canadians?
What did the Duke of Newcastle want to do with his army?
What caused the British military to send an army to North America?
What did King Louis XV do in response to the news of the two battles?
What did the British intend to do with their fleet?
What was the name of the congress that was convened in June and July of 1754?
What was the goal of the Albany Congress?
Why was the Albany Congress never ratified by the colonial legislatures?
What did the Albany Congress do?
Who led the expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
What was the result of the expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
How many British soldiers were killed or injured in the attack on Fort Duquesne?
Who played a key role in organizing the retreat?
Who did the French acquire a copy of the British war plans?
Why did the French acquire a copy of the British war plans?
What did Shirley do when he was aware that the French were massing for an attack on Fort Oswego?
What did Shirley leave at Oswego?
Who noticed that Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's?
What did Vaudreuil do when Johnson was seen as the larger threat?
How did the Battle of Lake George end?
Where did Johnson's advance stop?
Where did the French retreat to after the Battle of Lake George?
Who captured Fort Beauséjour in 1755?
What did Governor Charles Lawrence order?
Where were the only clashes of any size?
Who assumed command of British forces in North America after Braddock's death?
In what city did William Shirley lay out his plans for 1756?
What did William Shirley want to do in 1756?
What was Shirley's plan to attack Quebec?
Who was Newcastle's second in command?
Who led the French regular army reinforcements to New France?
When did England declare war on France?
Where did Shirley build forts?
What was the name of the battle in which French forces destroyed the Oneida Carry?
How much gunpowder did the French destroy at Fort Bull?
What did the Battle of Fort Bull set back the British?
Who refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them?
Where did Montcalm move his headquarters?
What garrison did Montcalm attack in August?
What did Montcalm and the Indians disagree about?
What was Loudoun planning for 1757?
Why did Loudoun leave a large force at Fort William Henry?
Who ordered Loudoun to attack Louisbourg first?
What did Loudoun do in response to news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry?
Who harassed Fort William Henry in 1757?
On what body of water did the French raid on Fort William Henry?
What did some of Montcalm's Indian allies do when the British withdrew?
Why were Vaudreuil and Montcalm limited in supplies in 1758?
What caused the situation in New France to worsen in 1757?
Where did Montcalm focus his resources?
What led to the fall of Newcastle and Cumberland?
Who developed the plan for the 1758 campaign?
What was Pitt's plan for the 1758 campaign?
What were the results of Pitt's three major offensive actions?
How many French men fought in the Battle of Carillon?
How many troops were in the Battle of Carillon?
What did Abercrombie do to save something from the disaster?
What happened to Abercrombie?
What did the duc de Choiseul decide to focus on?
What was the result of the invasion?
Where did the French Navy fail in the 1759 naval battles?
Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?
What did the victory at Fort Niagara do?
In what battle did the British lose outside Quebec City?
In what battle was the British able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships?
Who negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst?
What did Amherst give the French residents who chose to remain in the colony?
Who did Governor Vaudreuil negotiate a capitulation with?
When did the war in North America end?
When was the Seven Years' War settled?
What did the British offer France to surrender?
Why did the British want the Caribbean islands?
How many people lived in French Canada and Acadia?
When did the deportation of Acadians begin?
Where did the British resettle many Acadians?
Where did some Acadians flee to after the Haitian Revolution?
Who issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 do?
Where was the reservation of lands included in the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
Where did most of the Spanish Catholic population of Florida go?
Why was the Ohio Country particularly vulnerable to legal and illegal settlement?
When was the Spanish takeover of Louisiana completed?
Which two tribes did the British exploit to cause tensions?
What did the elimination of French power in North America mean for native populations?
What did philosophers in antiquity use in the study of stationary and moving objects?
What was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion, even at a constant velocity?
Who formulated laws of motion that were not improved on for nearly three hundred years?
How long were Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion not improved on?
Who developed the theory of relativity?
What has particle physics devised to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms?
What does the Standard Model predict are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed?
What is the strongest of the four main interactions?
Along with strong, electromagnetic, weak, and weak, what is the fourth main interaction in the Standard Model?
High-energy particle physics observations made during the 1970s and 1980s confirmed that the weak and electromagnetic forces are expressions of what?
Who provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology?
Aristotle provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of what?
How many elements did Aristotle believe to be in the terrestrial sphere?
Where did Aristotle believe motionless objects on Earth to be in their natural place?
What type of motion required continued application of a force?
When did Galileo Galilei disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion?
Who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus?
 Galileo Galilei was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of what?
What scientist disproved the Aristotelian theory of motion early in the 17th century?
 Galileo Galilei argued that objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force such as what?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia?
Newton's First Law of Motion is an extension of Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with what?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia?
What law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force?
In every inertial frame of reference, the laws of physics are what?
What does not change from being at rest?
What type of path does the ball follow in the same direction as the motion of the vehicle?
What do the laws of physics not change from while traveling in a moving vehicle?
What applies equally well to constant velocity motion as it does to rest?
What is the rotational inertia of planet Earth?
What fixes the constancy of the length of a day?
Who extended the principle of inertia to reference frames subject to constant acceleration?
What do astronauts experience when in free-fall orbit around the Earth?
What was one of the foundational underpinnings for the development of the general theory of relativity?
What asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force?
What type of measurements are well-described through reference frame analysis?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
The relative units of force and mass then are what?
What law states that all forces are interactions between different bodies?
What law states that all forces are interactions between different bodies?
What type of force does Newton's Third Law say there is no such thing as?
F and −F are equal in what?
A action-reaction force shared between two objects in a closed system will not cause what part of the system to accelerate?
In what type of system are there no internal forces that are unbalanced?
A action-reaction force shared between two objects in a closed system will not cause the center of what?
What does the perception of forces provide for describing forces?
The intuitive understanding of forces is quantified using operational definitions that are consistent with direct observations and compared to what?
What is the conceptual definition of force?
Through what is it determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics?
What are forces classified as?
What are physical quantities that do not have direction called?
What avoids the problem of not knowing the direction of the forces?
What happens if both of these pieces of information are not known for each force?
What avoids the problem of not knowing the direction of the forces?
In what conditions were forces first quantitatively investigated?
What are the crucial properties that forces have?
What is another name for the resultant of two forces acting on a point particle?
What must be specified in order to account for the effects of forces on the motion of the body?
What is the name of the rule of vector addition?
What can forces be resolved into?
How many forces can a horizontal force pointing northeast be split into?
What does summing forces using vector addition yield?
What type of components are independent of each other?
What type of orthogonal force vectors can be?
What is generated between the object and the table surface?
What is generated between the object and the table surface?
What type of force is opposed by static friction?
What is opposed by static friction?
A static equilibrium between two what is the most usual way of measuring?
What is the force of gravity balanced by?
What is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
What is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
Who wrote the Three Laws of Motion?
Who first described dynamic equilibrium?
 Galileo concluded that motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to what?
Who first described dynamic equilibrium?
Where would a cannonball fall in an Aristotelian universe?
Where would a cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
A simple case of what occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction?
What opposes the applied force?
A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with what?
Who misinterpreted the motion as being caused by the applied force?
Who describes the physics of quantum mechanics?
What type of equations are not used in quantum mechanics?
What are potentials treated similar to?
What is it called when the results of a measurement appear in discrete portions?
What is difficult to imagine in the context of quantum mechanics?
What is a discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable?
What principle relates the space and the spin variables?
What is a discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable?
What type of spins must the position variables be symmetric?
What type of spins must the position variables be symmetric for?
In modern particle physics, forces and the acceleration of particles are explained as what?
The conservation of momentum can be directly derived from the homogeneity or symmetry of space and so is usually considered more fundamental than what?
What can be directly derived from the homogeneity or symmetry of space?
What diagram represents any force arising from an interaction as occurring at the vertex?
In a Feynman diagram, each matter particle is represented as a what kind of line?
How many fundamental interactions are all of the forces in the universe based on?
What are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances?
What force acts between the atoms of two surfaces?
The gravitational force acts between what?
What does not permit atoms to pass through each other?
Who unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with celestial mechanics in his universal theory of gravitation?
In what century did the development of quantum mechanics lead to a modern understanding that the first three fundamental forces are manifestations of matter?
The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of what?
Physicists are still attempting to develop what?
Who identified gravity as a universal force?
Who was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects?
What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth?
Where is the magnitude of gravity measured from?
What is directly proportional to the object's mass?
When did Newton come to realize that the effects of gravity might be observed in different ways?
Newton determined that the acceleration of what could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased?
The acceleration due to gravity is proportional to what of the attracting body?
Along with the mass of the Earth, what does Newton's formula relate the gravitational acceleration to?
What is the name of the dimensional constant used to describe the relative strength of gravity?
Who was the first to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
When was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
Who realized that since all celestial bodies followed the same laws of motion, his law of gravity had to be universal?
What planet's orbit did Albert Einstein turn his attention to?
What planet did some astrophysicists predict would explain the discrepancies in the orbit of Mercury?
What theory did Albert Einstein create to explain the discrepancies in Mercury's orbit?
Who created the theory of general relativity?
Who created the theory of general relativity?
What theory is acknowledged as the theory that best explains gravity?
What is the straight line path in space-time called?
What is the time derivative of the changing momentum of an object called?
In what type of motion can the curvature of space-time be observed?
What is the definition of the time rate of change of electric charge?
The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of what type of force?
What describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field?
What is the sum of the electric field and the magnetic force?
Who unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?
When did James Clerk Maxwell unite a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?
How many scalar equations did James Clerk Maxwell unite?
How many vector equations did Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs create?
Who discovered that electric and magnetic fields could be "self-generating"?
What did the photoelectric effect and the nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe challenge?
What was used to develop a new theory of electromagnetism?
What is the name of the theory that describes all electromagnetic phenomena as being mediated by wave-particles known as photons?
What is the fundamental exchange particle in QED?
What is the name of the theory that describes all electromagnetic phenomena as being mediated by wave-particles known as photons?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What causes the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
What does it take to pack electrons together?
How is this effect manifested macroscopically?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What causes the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
What does it take to pack electrons together?
How is this effect manifested macroscopically?
The strong force only acts directly upon what?
What is observed between hadrons?
What type of force does the virtual pi and rho mesons transmit?
How is the strong force transmitted?
What is the phenomenon that shows that the elementary particles affected are not directly observable?
What is stronger than gravity over short distances?
What is the most familiar effect of the weak force?
Along with beta decay, what is the most familiar effect of the weak force?
At what temperature is the field strength of the weak force less than the strong force?
At what temperature are electromagnetic forces and the weak force indistinguishable?
What is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors?
What follows when electron clouds overlap?
Why is Pauli repulsion?
What force is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors?
What can be used to model tension forces?
What allows ideal strings to switch physical direction?
How do ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously?
What does the tandem effects result in?
What is used to connect the same string multiple times?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect what?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than what?
In what type of fluids do differences in pressure result in forces being directed along the pressure gradients?
In real life, forces that act on one part of an object might affect what?
In real life, matter has what kind of structure?
What accounts for forces that cause all strains?
What terms are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What terms are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What is angle?
What is the rotational inertia that ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum?
What can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body?
Where is the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object always directed?
The unbalanced force that accelerates an object can be resolved into a component that is what to the velocity vector?
What type of force is always directed toward the center of the curving path?
What direction does the unit vector point outwards from the center of the circular path?
Which force accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system allows energy to convert between potential forms and what other form?
A conservative force can be considered to be an artifact of what field?
What is conserved whenever a conservative force acts on a closed system?
The force is related directly to what between two different locations?
What can the direction and amount of a flow of water be considered to be?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model what as being due to gradient of potentials?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to what?
What is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms?
Other than friction, what type of forces other than friction include other contact forces?
The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with what?
According to the Second law of thermodynamics, what results in energy transformations within closed systems?
According to the Second law of thermodynamics, what results in energy transformations within closed systems?
What law of thermodynamics states that nonconservative forces necessarily result in energy transformations within closed systems?
According to the Second law of thermodynamics, what results in energy transformations within closed systems?
What is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass?
What is another name for the kilogram-force?
What is the metric mass that accelerates at 1 m·s−2?
What is the unit of force that is equivalent to 1000 lbf?
What is equivalent to 1000 N?