Who won Super Bowl 50?
Who did the Denver Broncos defeat to win Super Bowl 50?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
Who won Super Bowl 50?
What was the theme for the 50th Super Bowl?
What did the NFL call the 50th Super Bowl?
When was Super Bowl 50 played?
What league did the Denver Broncos belong to?
What did the NFL call the 50th Super Bowl?
What league did the Denver Broncos belong to?
When was Super Bowl 50 played?
Who won Super Bowl 50?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
In what city was Super Bowl 50 played?
What would have been the name of Super Bowl 50 if it had been called with Roman numerals?
For what season was Super Bowl 50 played?
For what season was Super Bowl 50 played?
In what city was Super Bowl 50 played?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
What was the final score of Super Bowl 50?
When was Super Bowl 50 played?
For what season was Super Bowl 50 played?
Who won Super Bowl 50?
Who did the Denver Broncos defeat to win Super Bowl 50?
Who won Super Bowl 50?
For what season was Super Bowl 50 played?
Who won Super Bowl 50?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
What was the name of the game that was played on February 7, 2016?
Who won Super Bowl 50?
Who was the MVP of the Panthers?
How many appearances have the Steelers made in the Super Bowl?
When was the Panthers founded?
Who did the Panthers defeat to advance to the Super Bowl?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers defeat to advance to the Super Bowl?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was the MVP of the Panthers?
What was the record of the Panthers during the regular season?
Who was the MVP of the Panthers?
What was the Broncos regular season record?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who was the MVP of the Panthers?
Who did the Panthers defeat to advance to the Super Bowl?
How many appearances did the Broncos make in the Super Bowl?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who was the MVP of the Panthers?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers defeat to advance to the Super Bowl?
Who was the MVP of the Panthers?
Who did the Panthers defeat to advance to the Super Bowl?
When was the Panthers founded?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many sacks did Von Miller have?
Which team took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record in the Super Bowl?
How did the Broncos fare against the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force on Newton?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have in the Super Bowl?
How many sacks did Von Miller have?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have in the Super Bowl?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force on Newton?
What did the Broncos recover for a touchdown?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force on Newton?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have in the Super Bowl?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the most watched Super Bowl ever?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Bruno Mars, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Where did Super Bowl 50 rank among most watched U.S. broadcasts?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who broadcast the Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the most watched Super Bowl ever?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
What game did Goodell say would be "spectacular"?
In what year did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
When did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
What did Goodell call the 50th Super Bowl?
What did Goodell call the 50th Super Bowl?
In what year did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
What is the name of the stadium that the league narrowed the bids to?
Along with New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome and Levi's Stadium, what stadium was narrowed down to three?
What is the name of the stadium that the league narrowed the bids to?
What was the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What was the name of Miami's stadium?
What were the three sites that the league narrowed the bids to?
How many sites did the league narrow the bids to?
What city is the Mercedes-Benz Superdome located in?
What was the name of Miami's stadium?
In what city was Levi's Stadium located?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What was the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
When was it announced that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
How many times has South Florida hosted the Super Bowl?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
When was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host Super Bowl XIX?
What was the name of the final stadium to host Super Bowl XLIV?
When was it announced that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
Where was Super Bowl XIX held in 1985?
When did the Florida legislature refuse to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
How many finalists were there?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
How many finalists were there?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host Super Bowl XIX?
What city has hosted the most Super Bowls?
When was it announced that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
How many times has South Florida/Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
What city has hosted the most Super Bowls?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host Super Bowl XIX?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
Who awarded the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
Where was Super Bowl XXXVII held in 2003?
In what city did the 2013 NFL spring meetings take place?
When was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
What was the last Super Bowl held in California?
Where was Super Bowl XXXVII held in 2003?
In what year was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
When was the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What was the last Super Bowl held in California?
When was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
In what year was Super Bowl XXXVII held in San Diego?
In what city did the 2013 NFL spring meetings take place?
When was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
When was Super Bowl XXXVII held in San Diego?
Who was the coach of the Denver Broncos in their last Super Bowl?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
How many teams have had a 15-1 regular season?
Which team had only one loss in the regular season?
What was the last time the Denver Broncos appeared in the Super Bowl?
Who was the coach of the Denver Broncos in their last Super Bowl?
How many times have the Denver Broncos appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
What was the last time the Carolina Panthers appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have had a 15-1 regular season?
What was the number of seeds in the Super Bowl for the third straight season?
What was the number of seeds in the Super Bowl for the third straight season?
What was the last time the Denver Broncos appeared in the Super Bowl?
What was the last time the Carolina Panthers appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have had a 15-1 regular season?
How many losses did the Carolina Panthers have?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was the coach of the Denver Broncos in their last Super Bowl?
Who did the Carolina Panthers waive?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
How many teams have won at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule?
When did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had their best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many All-Pro selections did the Panthers have?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
When did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the New Orleans Saints have the best start to a season in NFL history?
In what year did the Green Bay Packers go 13-0?
What happened to Kelvin Benjamin in the preseason?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
Who did the Carolina Panthers waive?
When did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
What team had their best regular season in franchise history?
When did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had their best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. catch?
How many interceptions did Cam Newton have?
How many punts did Ted Ginn return?
Who was Cam Newton's leading receiver?
How many touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. catch?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many passes did Olsen catch?
What was Greg Olsen's leading position on the Panthers?
Who was the Pro Bowl running back for the Panthers?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
Which Panthers quarterback had one of his best seasons?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw?
How many touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. catch?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many points did the Panthers offense score?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw?
How many touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. catch?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many total touchdowns did Jerricho Cotchery have?
How many points did the Panthers defense give up?
How many sacks did Jared Allen have?
How many tackles did Luke Kuechly make?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense have?
Who led the Panthers in sacks with 11?
How many interceptions did the Panthers have?
Who led the Panthers in sacks with 11?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense have?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense have?
Who led the Panthers secondary with a career high seven interceptions?
How many interceptions did the Panthers have?
Who had 5 sacks in just 9 starts?
Which linebacker was selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many fumbles did Kawann Short recover?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season?
What team did Peyton Manning play for in 1998?
Who did the Broncos lose 13-7 to in the regular season finale?
Who was the defensive coordinator of the Broncos in 2015?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
What team did Peyton Manning play for in 1998?
How old was Peyton Manning in 2015?
What injury caused Peyton Manning's worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who led the NFL in interceptions?
What was the cause of Manning's worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in 1998?
How old was Peyton Manning in 2015?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win?
Who was the head coach of the Broncos before Gary Kubiak?
Who led the NFL in interceptions?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
In what part of his body did Manning suffer a partial tear of the plantar fasciitis?
Who was the defensive coordinator of the Broncos in 2015?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler throw?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many yards did Manning throw?
How many touchdowns did Manning throw?
Who led the team with 105 receptions?
What position did Demaryius Thomas play?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler throw?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
What was Ronnie Hillman's yards per carry average?
How many yards did the Broncos' defense allow?
How many sacks did defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson have?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles?
How many fumble recoveries did Von Miller have?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
What position did Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson play?
How many points did the Broncos' defense allow?
Who led the Broncos' defense with 11 sacks?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles?
How many fumbles did Von Miller recover?
Who led the Broncos' defense with 11 sacks?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles with 109?
Which two Broncos defensive ends had 5½ sacks?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the NFC Championship Game?
What was the final score of the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the divisional round?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
What was the final score of the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were on the clock when the Broncos intercepted a pass from the Patriots?
Which team defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were on the clock when the Broncos intercepted a pass from the Patriots?
Who did not throw any interceptions in the Broncos two playoff games?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were on the clock when the Broncos intercepted a pass from the Patriots?
Who suffered a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game?
What did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many ACL tears had Thomas Davis overcome in his career?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
What had Thomas Davis already overcome three times in his career?
What did Thomas Davis break?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
What did Thomas Davis say he would play in?
How many ACL tears had Thomas Davis overcome in his career?
What did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
Who suffered a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game?
At what age did Peyton Manning play in a Super Bowl?
Who was the previous oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How old was John Elway when he led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What is John Elway's current job title?
What team did John Elway play for?
What team did John Elway play for?
Who was the previous oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How old was John Elway when he led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who is the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
How many Super Bowls did Peyton Manning lead?
How many Super Bowls did Peyton Manning lead?
Who is the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
Who was the previous oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
In what Super Bowl did John Elway lead the Broncos to victory at age 38?
Who is the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
At what age did Peyton Manning play in a Super Bowl?
Who was the previous oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
In what year was Manning the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton when he played against Manning?
How old were the two quarterbacks in the 2011 Super Bowl?
Who was the #1 pick in the 2011 NFL draft?
Who was the #1 pick in the 1998 NFL draft?
Who was the #1 pick in the 2011 NFL draft?
How old was Newton when he played against Manning?
What position was the #1 pick in both teams' draft classes?
In what year was Manning the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
Who was the #1 pick in the 2011 NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton when he played against Manning?
How old were the two quarterbacks in the 2011 Super Bowl?
In what Super Bowl did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears?
What team did Rivera play for?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
What team did Kubiak replace Elway for?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
Who was a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
In what Super Bowl did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in the 2015 season?
What type of turf did the NFL use for the Super Bowl?
Who was the field director of the Atlanta Braves?
Who was the team that played in the 2015 Super Bowl?
What position did Justin Tucker play?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in the 2015 season?
What position did Justin Tucker play?
What was the new playing surface that the NFL re-sodded the field with?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in the 2015 season?
What did the NFL re-sodded the field with?
What type of turf did the NFL use for the Super Bowl?
What did many players need to change during the game?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in the 2015 season?
What type of turf is usually used for Super Bowl games?
Which team was the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams?
What was the final score of Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXXIII?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear white jerseys and pants?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear white jerseys and pants?
What was the final score of Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who was the only other AFC champion to wear white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear white jerseys and pants?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXXII?
What color jerseys have the Broncos lost in Super Bowl XII, XXII, XXIV and XLVIII?
What did the Panthers wear?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be suspended?
What was the first Super Bowl to use Roman numerals?
Who is the league's vice president of brand and creative?
At what Super Bowl was the standardized logo template introduced?
What trophy is behind the large numerals in the Super Bowl 50 logo?
In what year did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be suspended?
For what Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What letter was removed from the NFL's Super Bowl logo?
What color are the large numerals on the Super Bowl 50 logo?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be suspended?
What did the NFL use for Super Bowl 50?
What letter was removed from the Super Bowl 50 name?
What color are the large numerals on the Super Bowl 50 logo?
For what Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What language were the numerals used for Super Bowl 50?
For what Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
When did all sideline jackets and hats in the 2015 NFL season begin to be gold?
How many yards on the field were colored gold for the 2015 season?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the 2015 NFL season's gold-themed promotions?
What were given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What part of the field was colored gold in the 2015 NFL season?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
Where is the Moscone Center located?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Which San Francisco city supervisor unsuccessfully lobbied for the NFL to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
When did "Super Bowl City" open?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
What is the name of the event that opened on January 30?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
What is the name of the event that opened on January 30?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
What is the name of the event that opened on January 30?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who said that the homeless would have to leave San Francisco?
How much did Jane Kim try to get the NFL to reimburse San Francisco for services?
What event was held at the Moscone Center?
Where is Bellomy Field located?
How much money will be spent on ancillary events?
How long is the event at the Santa Clara Convention Center?
How much money will be spent on ancillary events?
What is one of the ancillary events for the event?
Who has announced plans to set aside seed funding for the event?
Where is the beer, wine and food festival held?
What will help find business sponsors and individual donors for the event?
Who has announced plans to set aside seed funding for the event?
How much money will be spent on ancillary events?
Who has announced plans to set aside seed funding for the event?
On what day was the media day moved to?
On what day is the media day typically held before the game?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What was the replica of that was used for the opening ceremony?
On what day is the media day typically held before the game?
On what day was the media day moved to?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
When was the game's media day typically held?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What was the replica of that was used in the opening ceremony?
On what day was the media day moved to?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
On what bridge did player introductions take place?
When was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much has the host committee raised through sponsors?
What company is one of the sponsors of Business Connect?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel and Dignity Health, what company has been a sponsor of the Super Bowl?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo, Intel, Gap, Dignity Health and Gap, what company is one of the sponsors of the
Who is responsible for the Business Connect program?
How much has the host committee raised through sponsors?
Who has raised over $40 million for the host committee?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much has the host committee raised through sponsors?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee's philanthropic initiative?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
What has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee vowed to be?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee's philanthropic initiative?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
What is the name of the trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive?
How manykarat is the gold-plated "50" in the Vince Lombardi Trophy?
How much does the "50" weigh?
Who designed the Super Bowl 50?
Who designed the Super Bowl 50?
What is the name of the trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive?
What is the size of the "50"?
Who designed the Super Bowl 50?
What is the name of the trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive?
Who designed the Super Bowl 50?
What network broadcast the game in the United States?
Along with Jim Nantz, who called the game for CBS?
Who was on the sidelines of the game?
How many cameras did CBS use for the game?
What was the resolution of the EyeVision 360 cameras for Super Bowl 50?
How many main broadcast television partners does the NFL have?
Where did Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn call the game?
What type of view did the EyeVision 360 cameras provide?
What resolution were the EyeVision 360 cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
Where did Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn call the game?
What network broadcast the game in the United States?
How many main broadcast television partners does the NFL have?
What network broadcast the game in the United States?
Who were the lead broadcast team for the game?
Who were on the sidelines of the game?
What was the resolution of the EyeVision 360 cameras for Super Bowl 50?
Along with microphones and pylon, what new features did CBS introduce for the game?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the 2015 Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
Along with Raul Allegre and John Sutcliffe, who called the game for ESPN Deportes?
When did ESPN Deportes announce that they would be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
What language did CBS broadcast the 2015 Super Bowl in?
Who did ESPN Deportes sign an agreement with to broadcast the Super Bowl in Spanish?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the 2015 Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the 2015 Super Bowl?
Who called the game for ESPN Deportes?
Who was the sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
What service did Verizon Wireless customers have to use to watch the game?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
What website provided digital streams of the game?
Along with Chromecast and Roku, what digital media player was able to watch the game on CBSSports.com?
On what Windows device did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
What website provided digital streams of the game?
Along with Chromecast and Roku, what digital media player was able to watch the game on CBSSports.com?
Who could only watch the game on smartphones?
What service did Verizon Wireless customers have to use to watch the game?
What company had exclusivity to the NFL Mobile service?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What did CBS provide?
What company had exclusivity to the NFL Mobile service?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
What was the name of the late night show that aired after the game?
What late night show aired after a break for local programming?
What was the name of the late night show that aired after the game?
What late night show aired after a break for local programming?
What was the name of the late night show that aired after the game?
What did CBS take a break for after The Late Late Show with James Corden?
What late night show aired after a break for local programming?
What was the base rate for a 30-second advertisement?
What beer manufacturer had a contract to air multiple advertisements during the game?
What company held a "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What was the anniversary of the Pokémon video game and media franchise?
What was the base rate for a 30-second advertisement?
What beer manufacturer had a contract to air multiple advertisements during the game?
What company held a "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
Along with The Pokémon Company, what company made its Super Bowl debut?
Nintendo and what other company made their Super Bowl debut?
What beer manufacturer had a contract to air multiple advertisements during the game?
What company held a "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What beer manufacturer had a contract to air multiple advertisements during the game?
What company held a "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What contest allowed viewers to create their own Doritos ads for a chance to have it aired during the game?
What contest did QuickBooks sponsor?
What company won the Small Business Big Game contest?
How long was the commercial aired?
How many other businesses were in the contest?
What company won the Small Business Big Game contest?
How many other businesses were in the contest?
Who sponsored the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
What company won the Small Business Big Game contest?
How many competitors did Death Wish Coffee beat in the "Small Business Big Game"?
Who sponsored the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
What company won the Small Business Big Game contest?
What was the name of the movie that Universal paid for a debut trailer for?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Paramount pay for to be aired during the Super Bowl?
Along with Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, Eddie the Eagle and Independence Day, what movie did 20th Century Fox pay for a
What movie did Lionsgate pay for to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Paramount pay for to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the movie that Universal paid for a debut trailer for?
What movie did Disney pay for a Super Bowl trailer for?
What movie did 20th Century Fox pay for a trailer to be aired during the Super Bowl?
Which studio paid for The Secret Life of Pets?
Which studio paid for Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, Independence Day: Resurgence and Eddie the Eagle?
What network will carry the game throughout North America?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who will be the color analyst for the game?
Along with Mark Malone, who will be the sideline reporter for the game?
How many stations will carry the game throughout North America?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer for the game?
What network will carry the game throughout North America?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who will be the color analysts for the game?
Who are the sideline reporters for the game?
What does Jim Gray do?
Where will Westwood One carry the game?
What station in Denver will broadcast the game?
Who will call the game on KOA and KRFX in Denver?
What station in North Carolina will broadcast the game?
Where is WBT-FM based?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer on WBT in North Carolina?
Who will call the game on KOA and KRFX in Denver?
Who will be the color commentator on KOA and KRFX in Denver?
What station in North Carolina will broadcast the game?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer on WBT in North Carolina?
What stations will broadcast the game in Denver?
What is the name of WBT's sister station in South Carolina?
What radio station will broadcast the contest in the United Kingdom?
Along with BBC Radio 5 Live, what radio station will broadcast the contest?
Along with Rocky Boiman and Greg Brady, who will commentate on the British English broadcast?
Who will broadcast the contest in the United Kingdom?
Who will be the commentator on the BBC's British English broadcast?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl V?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
When did Harvey Martin die?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
How many of the previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players appeared in the pregame ceremony?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players appeared in the ceremony?
How many of the previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players appeared in the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What award did Marlee Matlin win?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What does ASL stand for?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided the translation of the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided the translation of the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
Who provided the translation of the national anthem?
On what date did the NFL confirm that Coldplay would be performing at the halftime show?
What nationality was Coldplay?
Which Super Bowl did Beyoncé headlined?
What was the name of the single that Beyoncé collaborated with Coldplay on?
When did Bruno Mars perform at the Super Bowl?
Who did the league confirm would be performing at the halftime show?
What company confirmed that Beyoncé would be performing at the Super Bowl in 2016?
What was the name of the single that Beyoncé collaborated with Coldplay on?
Who did the league confirm would be performing at the halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What was the name of the single that Beyoncé and Coldplay collaborated on?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning throw a 22-yard pass to?
Who did Shaq Thompson tackle for a 3-yard loss?
Who made a 34-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 3-0 lead?
Who ran for 20 yards on the first play of the game?
How many yards did Peyton Manning throw to tight end Owen Daniels?
Who tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss?
Who made a 34-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 3-0 lead?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning throw an 18-yard pass to?
Who ran for 20 yards on the first play of the game?
Who made a 34-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 3-0 lead?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing?
Who was a retired referee and CBS analyst?
Who was the quarterback of the Panthers?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble that was recovered by the Broncos?
What was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who did Cam Newton appear to complete a 24-yard pass to?
Who was a retired referee and CBS analyst?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble that was recovered by the Broncos?
When was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who was a retired referee and CBS analyst?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble that was recovered by the Broncos?
What was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who ran for a 1-yard touchdown run to cut the score to 10-7?
Who returned the first punt of the game for the Broncos?
How many yards did Norwood return for?
How many yards did Norwood return for?
How many yards did McManus kick to increase the Broncos' lead to 13-7?
How many yards did Newton pass for on his first four passes?
Who ran for a 1-yard touchdown run to cut the score to 10-7?
At what time in the second quarter did the Panthers cut the Broncos' lead to 10-7?
Who returned a punt for a Super Bowl record 61-yard return?
How many yards did McManus kick to increase the Broncos' lead to 13-7?
Who ran for a 1-yard touchdown run to cut the score to 10-7?
What did McManus kick to increase the Broncos' lead to 13-7?
Who tackled Tolbert?
What is Danny Trevathan's position?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it?
Who was sacked by DeMarcus Ware as time expired in the half?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it?
How many yards did Ealy return to the Panthers 39-yard line?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart?
Who recovered the fumble that fullback Mike Tolbert lost?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it?
What did the Panthers do after they could not gain any yards on their next possession?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who was intercepted on the first play of the second half by the Broncos?
Who missed a 44-yard field goal on the first drive of the second half?
How many yards did Graham Gano miss on his first field goal attempt?
Who kicked a 33-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 16-7 lead?
Who intercepted a Newton pass that bounced off the hands of Ginn?
Who was intercepted on the first play of the second half by the Broncos?
What did Graham Gano hit on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who intercepted a Newton pass that bounced off the hands of Ginn?
Who recovered Ward's fumble?
Who was intercepted on the first play of the second half by the Broncos?
Where did the Broncos stop the Panthers' second drive?
Who missed a 44-yard field goal on the first drive of the second half?
Who did Manning pass to for 25 and 22 yards?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
How many yards long was Gano's field goal?
Who had a 16-yard reception?
Who ran for a 12-yard run to set up Gano's 39-yard field goal?
Where did the Broncos drive to in the fourth quarter?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
Where did Ealy recover the ball?
What did the next three drives of the game end in?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
Where did Ealy recover the ball?
What was the length of Gano's field goal?
How many drives of the game would end in punts?
How many yards did the Panthers have on their own with 4:51 left in regulation?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who was responsible for a holding penalty that gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run to give the Broncos a 24-10 lead?
Who did Manning pass to for a 2-point conversion?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
How did the ball bounce back after several players dove for it?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who was responsible for a holding penalty that gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
How long did it take for the Broncos to take a 24-10 lead?
How long did it take for the Panthers to get the ball back?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
How did the ball bounce back after several players dove for it?
How many plays did the Broncos' offense fail to get into the end zone?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run to give the Broncos a 24-10 lead?
How many solo tackles did Ware have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
How many receptions did Ginn have?
Who had seven tackles despite breaking his right arm in the NFC title game?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
Who was Manning's top receiver?
Who had seven tackles despite breaking his right arm in the NFC title game?
Who was Manning's top receiver?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
How many field goals did McManus make during the post-season?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many receptions did Ginn have?
How many total yards did the Broncos gain in Super Bowl 50?
How many first downs did the Broncos have?
Who had the previous record of 244 yards in Super Bowl XXXV?
Who set a new Super Bowl record with a 61-yard punt return?
Who was the oldest quarterback ever to win a Super Bowl?
How many total yards did the Broncos gain in Super Bowl 50?
How many first downs did the Broncos have?
What team set a Super Bowl record of seven sacks in Super Bowl XX?
Which team tied the Super Bowl record of seven sacks?
How many first downs did the Broncos get against the Panthers?
How many first downs did the Broncos have?
Which team tied the Super Bowl record of seven sacks?
What team set a Super Bowl record of seven sacks in Super Bowl XX?
How many times did Manning win a Super Bowl with two different teams?
What award did Maria Skłodowska-Curie receive?
When was Casimir Pulaski born?
Who was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize?
What is Władysław Szpilman?
How old was Chopin when he moved to Warsaw?
How many different species of trees are in the Saxon Garden?
What is a popular strolling destination for Varsovians?
What is the name of the royal garden in Warsaw?
Where is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier located?
What park covers the area of 76 ha?
How far is the Vistula from Warsaw?
What animals live in the Vistula river?
How many natural reserves are in Warsaw?
How many lakes are in Warsaw?
Why are most of the lakes in the parks emptied before winter?
What was Warsaw the most diverse of in Poland?
How many of Warsaw's population in 1933 were of Polish mother tongue?
What percentage of Warsaw's population was Jewish in 1897?
What was a significant minority in Warsaw?
What is most of the modern day population growth based on?
What is the name of the second academic school of technology in the country?
How many professors work at the Warsaw University of Technology?
What is the largest medical school in Poland?
When was the University of Warsaw established?
What is the oldest and largest music school in Poland?
When was the University Library founded?
How many items are in the University Library?
Who designed the University Library?
Who designed the University Library garden?
How large is the University Library garden?
What did Warsaw suffer from during the Eastern Bloc?
What was the initial plan to rebuild Poland called?
Why has Warsaw seen many improvements over the past decade?
What has happened to the city's sanitation facilities over the past decade?
What city has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe?
What does CMHI stand for?
What is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe?
How many beds are in the clinical section of the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology?
What has the infrastructure of the hospital done over the past years?
What type of venues are the Teatr Wielki and the National Theatre?
What does Warsaw host?
Where is the Congress Hall?
What city hosts many events and festivals?
What type of events does Warsaw host?
What is the Saxon Garden?
What is Ogród Saski?
When was the Summer Theatre in operation?
What was the name of Warsaw's first literary cabaret?
What was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre"?
What is the name of the festival on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer's Night?
How many people gather on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer's Night?
What is the name of the festival called Wianki?
What did maidens float their wreaths of herbs on the water to predict?
What flower do people look for on Midsummer's Eve?
What does the Museum of Posters have the largest collection of?
How many museums are in Warsaw?
What type of museum is the National Museum?
What did Adolf Hitler own?
The Museum of the Polish Army portrays the history of what?
Where can you find a fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland?
Where is the Warsaw Uprising Museum located?
What type of theater is the Warsaw Fotoplastikon?
What museum preserves patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence?
How many rooms does the Warsaw Historical Museum have?
Where is the Centre for Contemporary Art located?
How many projects does the Centre for Contemporary Art realize a year?
What is the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw?
Who does the Zachęta National Gallery of Art show?
When is the Warsaw Gallery Weekend held?
What is the name of the team that won the Ekstraklasa championship in 2000?
When did Polonia Warsaw win the country's championship?
How many times did Polonia Warsaw win the cup?
Where is Polonia Warsaw's home venue?
Why was Polonia Warsaw relegated from the country's top flight in 2013?
What is another name for the mermaid?
What is Warsaw's symbol?
How long has the symbol of the mermaid been used?
What year is the oldest seal of Warsaw?
What did the seal have in its claws?
What is the origin of the mermaid figure?
Where did Triton's daughters set out on a journey?
Where did one of Triton's daughters stay?
Where did the second mermaid stop to rest on a beach?
What did a greedy merchant do to the second mermaid?
Where was Nathan Alterman born?
When did Tamara de Lempicka marry a Polish lawyer?
What style did Tamara de Lempicka represent?
What was Nathan Alterman's profession?
Who described Warsaw in many of his novels?
Who ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world in 2012?
In what year did the Economist Intelligence Unit rank Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?
What type of industries make up Warsaw's economy?
What is the name of the exchange in Warsaw?
What European Union agency has its headquarters in Warsaw?
In what year was the first historical reference to Warsaw?
What was the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1313?
In what year did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
Who moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596?
Why did Warsaw gain the title of the "Phoenix City"?
What religion is the archdiocese of Warsaw?
What is the most famous university in Warsaw?
What was Warsaw listed as in 1980?
What type of attractions are the Castle Square and Market Square?
Around a quarter of Warsaw is filled with what?
What is Warsaw's name in the Polish language?
What does Warszawa mean in Polish?
Who was Warsz?
What did Warsz own?
What is the official city name of Warsaw?
What was the name of the first fortified settlement on the site of today's Warsaw?
Who was Bolesław II of Masovia?
In what year was Warsaw established?
When did Warsaw become the capital of the Masovian Duchy?
When was the Masovian Duchy reincorporated into the Polish Crown?
In 1529, Warsaw became the seat of what?
When did the General Sejm become permanent?
What did the Warsaw Confederation establish?
Why did Warsaw become the capital of the Commonwealth?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
How long did Warsaw remain the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
What country annexed Warsaw in 1796?
Who liberated Warsaw in 1806?
In what year did Congress Poland form?
When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?
How long was Warsaw occupied by Germany?
What did Article 12 of the Allied Armistice require Germany to withdraw from?
Who set up the Second Polish Republic?
In what year was the Battle of Warsaw fought?
Who was defeated in the Battle of Warsaw?
When did the German Invasion of Poland begin?
What was the General Government?
How much of the city was Jewish?
When was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising?
How long did the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising last?
Who was pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw?
Why did the Polish government-in-exile in London give orders to the underground Home Army to try to seize control of Warsaw from the Germans
When did the Warsaw Uprising begin?
How long did the Warsaw Uprising last?
How many Polish civilians died in the Warsaw Uprising?
What was the name of the housing project that was built in Warsaw after World War II?
What type of housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage?
What type of city was Warsaw?
What is the name of the building that was a gift from the Soviet Union?
What was Warsaw's Old Town inscribed on in 1980?
Who was the pope of Poland in 1979 and 1983?
What did John Paul II's visits to Poland encourage?
How long after becoming pope did John Paul II visit Poland?
Where did John Paul II celebrate Mass in Warsaw in 1979?
What did the people of Poland see John Paul II's words as?
How many kilometers from the Carpathian Mountains is Warsaw?
How many miles away from Berlin is Warsaw?
What river does Warsaw straddle?
How tall is the highest point of Warsaw?
Where is the lowest point in Warsaw?
How many main geomorphologic formations is Warsaw located on?
What is the name of the geomorphologic formation that divides Warsaw?
What plateau is Warsaw located on?
What is the specific axis of Warsaw?
What is the name of the edge of the moraine plateau?
What type of escarpment is on the plain Vistula plateau?
What does the highest level of the Vistula terraces contain?
The contemporary flooded terrace still has visible what?
What are several levels of?
What type of forest is on the right side of Warsaw?
What does Warsaw's mixture of architectural styles reflect?
When was Warsaw razed to the ground?
When did rebuilding begin in Warsaw?
What is an example of a building from the 19th century that was destroyed in the 1950s and 1960s?
What was the basic design of the residential blocks built in the 1950s and 1960s?
What type of architecture is represented in the majestic churches but also at the burgher houses?
When was St. John's Cathedral built?
What style is St. John's Cathedral a typical example of?
The house of Baryczko merchant family is an example of what type of architecture?
The Royal Castle and the Jesuit Church are examples of what type of architecture?
During what century did building activity occur in numerous noble palaces and churches?
When was St. Kazimierz Church built?
What style of architecture is Czapski Palace?
What type of architecture can be described by the simplicity of the geometrical forms teamed with a great inspiration from the Roman period?
When was the Palace on the Water rebuilt?
What type of architecture was not restored by the communist authorities?
What happened to the bourgeois architecture of the later periods after the war?
What style was the Warsaw Philharmony edifice rebuilt in?
What is the most interesting of the late 19th century architecture?
What are the Saxon Palace and the Brühl Palace?
How many places commemorate the heroic history of Warsaw?
What is the name of the infamous German Gestapo prison?
What was the name of the fortification built after the defeat of the November Uprising?
Who did Little Insurgent commemorate?
What is the name of the monument built by Wincenty Kućma?
What type of spaces are the Botanic Garden and the University Library?
Where is the palm house located?
What is the name of the big park in the northern Mokotów?
What is the name of the park close to the Sejm and John Lennon street?
When was the Ogród Zoologiczny established?
What is the main reason for the richness of the flora of Warsaw?
Where is Bielany Forest located?
What forest is Bielany Forest a part of?
What forest is by the southern city border of Warsaw?
How many botanic gardens does Warsaw have?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1939?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
When was the Warsaw area enlargement?
How did Poles think of Varsovians?
What was the first measure the city authorities were forced to introduce to reduce the population growth?
What type of city is Warsaw?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1901?
What percentage of Warsaw's population were Catholics in 1901?
What percentage of Warsaw's population was Protestant in 1909?
In what year did the Warsaw Uprising take place?
What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?
What are the units of the second level of the territorial division?
What city does not have entitlements of powiat?
What is the name of the unicameral legislative body in Warsaw?
How many members does the Warsaw City Council have?
How often are Warsaw City Council members elected?
What does the Warsaw City Council divide itself into?
How long does it take for the Warsaw City Council to override a mayor's veto?
What is the mayor of Warsaw called in Poland?
Who was the first president of Warsaw?
When was Jan Andrzej Menich president?
Who elects the President of Warsaw?
What district was the mayor of from 1994-1999?
What is the name of Warsaw's city centre?
How many companies were registered in Warsaw in 2006?
What was Warsaw ranked as in the MasterCard Emerging Market Index?
What percentage of Poland's national income does Warsaw produce?
What was the total nominal GDP of Warsaw in 2010?
When was Warsaw's first stock exchange established?
What war ended the trading of the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
When was the Warsaw Stock Exchange re-established?
How many companies are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
What was the name of the party that used to be the headquarters of the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
When was the FSO Car Factory established?
What was the name of the car that was assembled at the FSO Car Factory?
What company bought the FSO Car Factory in 1995?
Who bought the FSO Car Factory in 2005?
What car did AvtoZAZ assemble at the FSO Car Factory?
What is another name for Warsaw?
What is the capital and largest city of Poland?
On what river does Warsaw stand?
What is the metropolitan area of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank in the European Union in terms of population?
What is the capital and largest city of Poland?
On what river does Warsaw stand?
How far is Warsaw from the Baltic Sea?
How many people live in the metropolitan area of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank in the European Union in terms of population?
Where is Normandy located?
When did the Normans give their name to Normandy?
Where did the Normans come from?
Who was the leader of the Normans?
When did the distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerge?
Who was the duke of the Normans?
Under whom was the Duchy of Normandy forged into a cohesive and formidable principality?
What Christian orthodoxy did the Normans adopt?
What does the Old Norse word Norðmaðr mean?
When was the name Nordmannus recorded in Medieval Latin?
When did the Duchy of Normandy begin?
Who was the king of West Francia at the time of the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte?
What river did the Duchy of Normandy eventually extend west beyond?
Who raided and settled Normandy?
What religion did the descendants of Rollo's Vikings replace the Norse religion with?
In what part of France was the Norman culture created?
What did Normandy export by 1066?
In what year did a Saracen attack occur in Salerno?
Who was the shrine of at Monte Gargano?
Where was the shrine of the Archangel Michael located?
Who was the leader of the Hauteville family?
Who was the leader of the Hauteville family?
Who did the Normans capture Sicily and Malta from?
When was Roger II of Sicily crowned king?
Where was William Iron Arm's citadel located?
What is another name for the Tabula Rogeriana?
What does Kitab Rudjdjar mean?
What type of bureaucracy did the Normans have?
Who did the Normans fight in Armenia?
When did Hervé serve as a Byzantine general?
When did Robert Crispin lead the Normans against the Turks?
Who stopped Roussel de Bailleul?
What was the name of the Normans castle?
Where was Raimbaud from?
Who did some Normans join to destroy the Armenians vassal-states?
What was the origin of the families of Byzantine Greece?
Who drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy?
In what year did the Venetian and Amalfitan merchants betray Dyrrachium?
How many men did Robert Guiscard lead in 1081?
Where did Bohemond sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines?
Who was Robert's son?
Where did Bohemond sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines?
When did a large Norman army invade Dyrrachium?
What was one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic?
What was Dyrrachium one of the most important naval bases of?
Who was forced from England by Sweyn Forkbeard?
Who was Emma's sister?
Where did Ethelred flee to when he was forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard?
Who forced Ethelred II of England to flee to Normandy?
Who invited Edward the Confessor to return from his father's refuge?
When did Edward the Confessor return from his father's refuge?
Who did Edward appoint archbishop of Canterbury?
At what battle did Duke William II of Normandy kill King Harold II?
Who was the Duke of Normandy in 1066?
When did Duke William II of Normandy conquer England?
Who did the invading Normans replace as the ruling class of England?
What did the Anglo-Norman language evolve into?
When did the Normans invade Ireland?
Where did the Normans settle?
What culture did the Normans become more of than the Irish?
Who was one of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror?
Who married Edgar's sister Margaret?
When did William the Conqueror invade Scotland?
What was the name of Malcolm III's son?
Who did King David I's elder brother marry?
What culture did King David I introduce to Scotland?
What was Ralph earl of?
Who did Ralph war with?
Who set up Ralph as earl of Hereford?
What country was under the control of the Normans after the Conquest?
When did Roger de Tosny travel to the Iberian Peninsula?
Who led the papal army during the War of Barbastro?
In what year was the Siege of Antioch successful?
Who was instrumental in the conquest of Jerusalem?
What city did Tancred conquer?
How long was Cyprus under Western European domination?
What dispersed the fleet of Richard the Lion-hearted?
What was the name of Richard's fiancée?
In what year did Richard the Lion-hearted leave Messina with a large fleet?
Who was the despot of Cyprus?
Who did Guy de Lusignan have to support?
What type of chains did Isaac receive when he surrendered?
Who led the troops that conquered the whole island?
Who married Berengaria of Navarre?
When was the wedding of Berengaria of Navarre held?
What type of coronation was held at the wedding of Richard the Lion-Heart?
When did the Venetians acquire full control of the island?
Who bought Cyprus after the Anglo-Norman conquest?
The Canarian islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, and El Hierro were off the Atlantic coast of what country
Who took the title of King of the Canary Islands?
Who did Maciot de Bethencourt sell the rights to the Canary Islands to?
Who sold the rights to the Canary Islands to Enrique Pérez de Guzmán?
Where are Jersey and Guernsey located?
How many customaries were transcribed in Latin?
What style of architecture did Norman architecture spread to England and Italy?
What type of arches were used in Norman architecture?
The period of Norman architecture precedes what other style of architecture in England?
The period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of what?
In what Kingdom did the Normans create a unique style of architecture?
When did the dukes begin a programme of church reform?
Who began a programme of church reform in the early 11th century?
When did the French Wars of Religion take place?
What type of art is the Bayeux Tapestry?
What is the most famous work of Norman art?
Who commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry?
What type of art was common in Norman Italy?
In what century was the staff developed?
Who were the two Italian abbots of Fécamp?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul flee to?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul flee to?
Who patronised the monks of Saint Evroul?
What did the monks of Sant'Eufemia continue to do?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
In what year did Nikola Tesla die?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
In what year did Nikola Tesla die?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
What does AC stand for?
When did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
What was the name of the corporate alternating current/direct current battle that Tesla was involved in?
When did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Along with his AC induction motor, what other invention did George Westinghouse license from Tesla?
When did Tesla make early pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What type of power experiments did Tesla do in New York and Colorado?
What did Tesla experiment with in his lab?
In addition to New York, in what city did Tesla conduct high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments?
When did Tesla make early pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What was one of the first wireless controlled things to be exhibited?
What was the name of Tesla's unfinished intercontinental wireless transmission project?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla in Tesla's honor?
Where did Tesla live most of his life?
What was Tesla's nickname in popular culture?
What earned Tesla a considerable amount of money?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla in Tesla's honor?
When did popular interest in Tesla begin to increase?
Along with his achievements, what was Tesla renowned for?
In what modern-day country is Smiljan located?
What was Tesla's father's profession?
What type of memory did Nikola have?
What did Nikola Tesla attribute his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
What was Tesla's father's profession?
Who was Tesla's father?
Who was Nikola's mother?
What did Tesla's mother have a talent for?
What did Nikola Tesla attribute his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
How many children did Tesla have?
Along with arithmetic and religion, what language did Tesla study in Smiljan?
In what year did Tesla's family move to Gospić?
What was Tesla's older brother's name?
Who were Tesla's three sisters?
What happened to Tesla's older brother?
Where did Tesla's family move to in 1862?
What was Tesla's father's job?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
What language were Tesla's classes held in?
What did Tesla perform in his head that caused his teachers to believe he was cheating?
What did Tesla's teachers believe he was doing when he performed integral calculus in his head?
When did Tesla graduate from school?
When did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Why did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
What language were Tesla's classes held in?
When did Tesla graduate from school?
What illness did Tesla contract when he returned to Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden after contracting cholera?
What did Tesla's father promise to send him to if he recovered from cholera?
What did Tesla's father want him to do?
What was Tesla's birthtown?
When did Tesla return to Smiljan?
What illness did Tesla contract when he returned to Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden after contracting cholera?
What did Tesla's father want him to do?
What did Tesla's father promise to do if he recovered from cholera?
Where did Tesla run away to in 1874?
Who did Tesla say helped him recover from his illness?
What did Tesla explore in hunter's garb?
In what year did Tesla run away to Tomingaj?
What did Tesla wear to explore the mountains?
What did Tesla run away from in 1874?
In what year did Tesla run away to Tomingaj?
What did Tesla do when he ran away to Tomingaj?
Who did Tesla say helped him recover from his illness?
When did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
Where did Tesla enroll in 1875?
When did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla become addicted to at the end of his second year?
How many Sundays did Tesla work?
Where was the Austrian Polytechnic located?
When did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
When did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla do with his allowance and tuition money during his third year?
What did Tesla's professors say would happen to him if he did not leave the school?
What did Tesla do in 1878 to hide the fact that he dropped out of school?
Why did Tesla leave Graz?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What did Milutin Tesla beg his son to do?
What did Nikola suffer at the same time as his father?
In what year did Tesla leave Graz?
What was Tesla trying to hide when he left Graz?
What did Tesla's friends think happened to him when he dropped out of school?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What did Nikola suffer at the same time as his father?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospić?
When was Tesla returned to Gospić?
How old was Milutin Tesla?
What was the cause of Tesla's death?
What did Tesla do during the year after his death?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospić?
In what year did Milutin Tesla die?
What was the name of Tesla's old school?
What was the cause of Milutin Tesla's death?
Where did Tesla leave Gospić for?
Why did Tesla fail to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University?
What position did Tesla hold at Charles-Ferdinand University?
What university did Tesla arrive too late to enroll at?
Where did Tesla leave Gospić for?
In what year did Tesla leave Gospić for Prague?
What university did Tesla arrive too late to enroll at?
Who helped Tesla leave Gospić for Prague?
Where did Tesla move to in 1881?
What company did Tesla work for in Budapest?
What position did Tesla receive at the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What did Tesla claim to have perfected during his time in Budapest?
What position did Tesla work in the Central Telegraph Office?
When did Tesla move to Budapest?
What was the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What company did Tesla work for in Budapest?
What position did Tesla receive at the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
When did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company in France?
Where did Tesla work in 1882?
Where did Tesla move to in 1884?
Who hired Tesla to work for?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
What company did Tesla work for in France?
Where did Tesla work in 1882?
In what year did Tesla move to New York City?
Who hired Tesla to work for?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
How much did Edison say he would pay Tesla if he could redesign Edison's generators?
How much did Edison offer Tesla for his work?
How long did it take Tesla to redesign Edison's generators?
How much did Edison say he would pay Tesla if he could redesign Edison's generators?
What did Edison say that Tesla did not understand?
What did Edison offer to Tesla?
Who did Tesla partner with in 1886?
What was the name of the electric lighting company that Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What were the first in the US to be issued to Tesla?
What was one of the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
Who did Tesla partner with in 1886?
When did Tesla partner with two businessmen?
What was the name of the electric lighting company that Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What was the name of the man who left Edison's company?
What did the investors do to Tesla?
How did Tesla end up after the investors forced him out of the company?
What job did Tesla work for $2 per day?
During what years did Tesla have terrible headaches and bitter tears?
Why did Tesla lose control of his patents?
What job did Tesla work for $2 per day?
Along with ditch digger, where did Tesla work during the winter of 1886-1887?
What was Alfred S. Brown's occupation?
When was the Tesla Electric Company formed?
How much of the profits of the Tesla Electric Company would go to Tesla?
In what city was the Tesla Electric Company located?
In what year did Tesla meet Alfred S. Brown?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
Who was the attorney that Tesla met in 1886?
Where did Tesla set up a laboratory?
What company did Brown and Peck form with Tesla?
What did Tesla develop in 1887?
When was Tesla's induction motor patented?
What did Tesla's induction motor not need?
What did Tesla's induction motor avoid by not needing a commutator?
What type of design did Tesla's induction motor have?
When did Tesla develop an induction motor that ran on alternating current?
Why was alternating current used in electric motors?
What did Tesla's induction motor replace?
In what year was Tesla's induction motor patented?
What was Thomas Commerford Martin's job?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his AC system?
In what year did Martin arrange for Tesla to demonstrate his induction motor?
Why did Westinghouse not try to get a patent on a similar system to Tesla's?
Who was the editor of Electrical World in 1888?
Who was the editor of Electrical World in 1888?
Who was trying to get a patent for Tesla's AC motor?
Who was the author of the paper that Westinghouse looked into getting a patent on?
What was Galileo Ferraris' profession?
What company did George Westinghouse work for?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's designs?
Who did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with?
What did Tesla do for Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's designs?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay Tesla per month to be a consultant?
In what city was Westinghouse's labs located?
Where did Tesla work for a year?
What did Tesla work on in Pittsburgh?
What type of AC current system did Westinghouse and Tesla settle on?
What did Westinghouse use instead of Tesla's induction motor?
Why did Tesla work in Pittsburgh?
What did Westinghouse use instead of Tesla's induction motor?
Who was in the "War of Currents"?
What did the "War of Currents" start out as?
What did Edison Machine Works pursue in 1890?
What was Thomas Edison's company called by 1892?
What type of electrical distribution system did Thomas Edison convert to in 1890?
Who was no longer in control of his own company in 1892?
When did the "War of Currents" begin?
Why did Westinghouse have to put Tesla's motor on hold for a while?
What was Thomas Edison's company called by 1892?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What company won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
What was the name of the system that Westinghouse demonstrated at the Columbian Exposition?
What was the name of the system that Westinghouse demonstrated at the Columbian Exposition?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
In what year did George Westinghouse win the bid to light the World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
What did Westinghouse demonstrate at the Columbian Exposition?
Who headed the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?
Where was the Cataract Construction Company based?
Who was awarded the contract to build a two-phase AC generating system at the Niagara Falls?
Who was awarded a contract to build the AC distribution system?
What type of system did Tesla say was the most reliable?
Who headed the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?
In what year did Richard Dean Adams ask Tesla for his opinion on what system would be best to transmit power generated at the falls?
What type of system did Tesla say was the most reliable?
What did Tesla say about the two-phase system?
When was the patent-sharing agreement signed between Westinghouse and General Electric?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's AC patents?
What did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's patents?
How much money had Westinghouse paid in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
Who was the financier of General Electric?
How much did Westinghouse pay in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's AC patents?
How old was Tesla when he became a naturalized citizen of the United States?
In what city was Tesla's laboratory located?
What did Tesla use to demonstrate the potential of wireless power transmission?
What did Tesla patent in 1891?
In what year did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What did Tesla patent in 1891?
How old was Tesla when he became a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What type of power transmission did Tesla demonstrate?
What organization did Tesla serve as a vice president of?
What organization did Tesla serve as a vice president of?
When did Tesla leave the IEEE?
What position did Tesla hold in the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
When did Tesla serve as vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Along with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, what was the forerunner of the IEEE?
Why did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy of invisible kinds?
When did Tesla lose most of his early research?
When did Wilhelm Röntgen announce the discovery of x-rays?
What was the only thing that Tesla captured in his photograph of Mark Twain?
When did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy?
What was another name for Roentgen rays?
What happened to most of Tesla's early research?
What did Tesla think he may have inadvertently captured?
Who did Tesla try to photograph with a Geissler tube?
What isradiography?
When did Tesla begin experimenting with X-ray imaging?
What is another name for X-ray imaging?
What did Tesla produce in his research?
What did Tesla use to produce bremsstrahlung?
In what year did Tesla begin experimenting with X-ray imaging?
What did Tesla use to produce bremsstrahlung?
What type of rays did Tesla believe his circuits would produce?
What did Tesla believe about X-rays?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of the skin damage?
What did Tesla attribute to the Roentgen rays?
What did Tesla note the hazards of working with?
Where can plasma waves occur?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of skin damage?
What did Tesla believe X-rays to be?
Where can plasma waves occur?
Where did Tesla attribute the skin damage to various causes?
Who was the Westinghouse engineer who developed an efficient version of the induction motor?
In what year did Westinghouse start branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What company started branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What was the name of the device that Tesla used to demonstrate the principles of induction motor?
Who created the Egg of Columbus?
In what year did the New York Herald Tribune publish an article on Tesla?
What did a minute particle that broke off the cathode of Tesla's vacuum tubes do?
What did Tesla feel when a particle hit him?
What did Tesla compare to his "electric gun"?
What organization did Tesla lecture at in 1893?
What device was used in the further development of radio?
What institute did Tesla give lectures at in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?
In what year did Tesla demonstrate a radio-controlled boat to the public?
What did Tesla call his radio-controlled boat?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his radio-controlled boat?
What was the purpose of the demonstration of Tesla's radio-controlled boat?
What animal did Tesla use to pilot his radio-controlled boat?
In what year was Tesla granted patents for a system of transmitting electrical energy?
Who was the first to achieve radio transmission?
When did Guglielmo Marconi make his first transatlantic radio transmission?
In what year did the Supreme Court of the United States restore the patents of Tesla, Lodge, and Stone?
Who restored Tesla's patents in 1943?
In what year did Tesla move to Colorado Springs?
Where did Tesla say he was sending signals from Pikes Peak?
When did Tesla perform his first experiments in Colorado Springs?
How long was Tesla's first spark?
What type of electricity did Tesla investigate?
What type of waves did Tesla say he observed during the lightning storms?
What did Tesla believe about the earth?
What type of energy was created by Edison?
How long were the discharges of artificial lightning?
How far away was the thunder from the artificial lightning?
What happened to light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab?
What did the electricity produce?
What did Tesla's error cause?
What happened to the dynamos in the power house six miles away?
What caused the dynamos in the power house six miles away to burn out?
What did sparks do to the insulation?
What did Tesla conclude the signals from his receiver may be?
What planet did reporters believe Tesla was hearing signals from?
What magazine did Tesla write an article about the signals he heard?
What did Tesla do in July 1899?
When did Marconi's European experiments take place?
How much did John Jacob Astor IV invest in Tesla?
Why did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000?
What did Tesla do with the money?
In what year did John Jacob Astor IV invest in Tesla?
In what year did Tesla leave Colorado Springs?
What happened to Tesla's lab in 1904?
When was Tesla's lab torn down?
What happened to Tesla's lab two years after it was torn down?
What was the name of Tesla's trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility?
What was Wardenclyffe?
Where was Wardenclyffe located?
Who did Tesla ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter?
What event caused Tesla to ask for more money?
How did Morgan feel about Tesla's request for more money?
How many letters did Tesla write to Morgan?
What did Tesla ask for in his letters to Morgan?
What ended Tesla's relationship with Morgan?
What was the full height of Wardenclyffe?
How many horsepower did Tesla demonstrate on his 50th birthday?
How fast was Tesla's bladeless turbine?
In what year was Tesla's 50th birthday?
At what horsepower were Tesla's bladeless turbine engines tested?
What type of power did Tesla use for his oscillator?
Where did Tesla experiment with mechanical oscillators?
What happened to Tesla's oscillator as the speed grew?
In what publication was the article "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer" published?
What did Tesla claim his vibrations would do to the earth?
What did Tesla believe enhanced intelligence?
How did Tesla hope to make dull students bright?
Who was the superintendent of New York City schools in 1912?
What was William H. Maxwell's job?
Where did Tesla seek investors before World War I?
What happened to the funding Tesla was receiving from his patents in European countries after World War I?
What did Tesla do with the Wardenclyffe Tower?
How much did Tesla sell Wardenclyffe for?
What award did Tesla receive in 1917?
What magazine did Tesla write for in 1917?
What type of screen did Tesla use to view his electricity to locate submarines?
What did Girardeau help develop?
Who helped develop France's first radar system in the 1930s?
Who was awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
Who was awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
What was rumored to have happened to Edison and Tesla?
When can a recipient decline a Nobel Prize?
Why were Edison and Tesla not given the award?
How many bids did Edison receive in 1915?
Who did not win the prize in 1915?
In what year did Tesla win the prize?
What was Tesla's last patent?
What was the name of Tesla's biplane capable of taking off vertically?
What did Tesla think the plane would sell for?
What type of engines did Tesla propose to use in rotor aircraft?
How much did Westinghouse pay Tesla?
What did Westinghouse pay for Tesla?
How long did Westinghouse pay Tesla's expenses?
What did Westinghouse worry about?
What did Tesla announce a method of transmitting in 1935?
How far did Tesla say he could transmit mechanical energy with minimal loss?
How much loss did Tesla say he would have in transmitting mechanical energy over any terrestrial distance?
What did Tesla say he would be able to determine the location of underground?
In what year did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy?
What was Tesla doing when he was hit by a taxicab?
Who did Tesla refuse to consult after his 1937 accident?
What happened to three of Tesla's ribs?
When was Tesla able to get up after his accident?
When did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker to commute to the cathedral and the library to feed the pigeons?
What did Tesla make claims about after studying the Van de Graaff generator?
What did Tesla study to make claims about a "teleforce" weapon?
Along with anti-aircraft purposes, what did Tesla say theteleforce weapon could be used against?
Along with ground-based infantry, for what purpose did Tesla say theteleforce weapon could be used?
Along with "peace ray" and "teleforce", what did the press call the Van de Graaff generator?
In what year did Tesla say that the death ray was not an experiment?
Where did Tesla speak about the death ray?
What material did Tesla use for his death ray?
What did Tesla use to accelerate the small tungsten pellets in his death ray?
How much time will pass before Tesla can give his death ray to the world?
What was the subject of The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media?
Where is the treatise currently located?
Where is the Nikola Tesla Museum archive located?
How many volts did Tesla say he could charge particles to?
What did Tesla believe a superweapon would put an end to?
What did Tesla say there had been efforts to do to him?
Where did Tesla say the blueprint for the teleforce weapon was located?
What did Tesla say had been scrutinized by spies?
How old was Tesla when he died?
When did Tesla die?
Who found Tesla's body?
What sign did Tesla place on his door two days before his death?
What was the cause of Tesla's death?
What did the FBI do with Tesla's belongings?
Who was called in to analyze Tesla's belongings?
What did John G. Trump conclude about Tesla's belongings?
Where was Tesla's entire estate transported to?
Who read the eulogy for Tesla?
Who wrote the eulogy for Tesla?
On what date was Tesla's state funeral held?
How many people attended Tesla's funeral?
Where was Tesla's funeral held?
Where was Tesla's estate shipped to in 1952?
Who pressured Tesla's nephew to send his entire estate to Belgrade?
Who transported Tesla's ashes to Belgrade in 1957?
Where was Tesla's estate shipped to in 1952?
Where are Tesla's ashes displayed?
How many patents did Tesla get worldwide?
How many countries have Tesla's patents been accounted for?
Along with the United States and Britain, in what country were many of Tesla's patents approved?
Where have some of Tesla's patents been found?
At what time did Tesla usually have dinner?
What time did Tesla work every day?
When did Tesla end his work day?
Who would Tesla telephone for dinner?
How much did Tesla walk each day?
What did Tesla walk for?
What did Tesla do to his toes to stimulate his brain cells?
What did Tesla say the squishing of his toes stimulated?
What did Tesla say he did not believe in?
What was Arthur Brisbane's job?
How many fundamental laws did Tesla believe could be reduced to?
What animal did Tesla feed every day?
How much did Tesla spend to help a pigeon?
What did Tesla fix for his pigeon?
Where did Tesla feed pigeons?
Where did Tesla bring injured pigeons?
What was Tesla's weight from 1888 to 1926?
How tall was Tesla?
During what years did Tesla have almost no weight variance?
Where did Tesla live?
How many languages did Tesla speak?
What did Tesla experience when he was stricken with illness?
What technique did Tesla use to build his inventions?
What did Tesla experience when he was sick?
What type of memory did Tesla supposedly have?
How long did Tesla spend at a gaming table?
How long did Tesla work for at his laboratory?
Where was Tesla's second year of study?
Who was a journalist that Tesla befriended?
What was Swezey's profession?
What did Tesla say was helpful to his scientific abilities?
Who was madly in love with Tesla?
When did Tesla say he felt he made too great a sacrifice by not marrying?
Who was Tesla's loyal secretary?
Who described Tesla as having "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force"?
What did Tesla do with his work?
What was Tesla's personality?
Who was Julian Hawthorne?
Who did Tesla become a close friend of in middle age?
Where did Mark Twain and Tesla spend a lot of time together?
When did Tesla befriend George Sylvester Viereck?
What did Tesla express disgust for?
Who did Tesla fire because of her weight?
Why did Tesla fire his secretary?
What did Tesla tell a subordinate to do about her dress?
What did Tesla believe could only exist in an experimental vacuum?
What concept did Tesla believe transmitted electrical energy?
What did Tesla believe an all pervasive "ether" did?
In what century did Tesla believe in an all pervasive "ether" that transmitted electrical energy?
Tesla was critical of what theory of relativity?
How did Tesla feel about theories about the conversion of matter into energy?
What theory of Einstein's did Tesla criticize?
What did Tesla claim to have completed in 1937?
When did Tesla start working on his own physical principle?
What type of space did Tesla say his theory of gravity would be?
How old was Tesla in 1937?
What did Tesla support?
What did Tesla believe humans' "pity" had interfered with the natural workings of nature?
What did Tesla believe interfered with the natural workings of nature?
In what year did Tesla speak about eugenics?
Who did Tesla believe would become the dominant sex in the future?
In what year did Tesla say that women would become the dominant sex?
What did Tesla believe humanity's future would be run by?
In what environment did Tesla make predictions about?
What did Tesla say were the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War?
When did Tesla publish his article "Science and Discovery are the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War"?
What did Tesla believe was not a remedy for the times and issues?
What religion was Tesla raised in?
What did Tesla oppose?
What two religions did Tesla have a profound respect for?
What was the name of Tesla's article published in 1937?
What are Tesla's religious views?
What did Tesla say he wanted to end?
What did Tesla write for magazines and journals?
Where did Tesla write many of his books and articles?
Who edited My Inventions?
Where are many of Tesla's writings freely available?
In what year was the article "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy" published?
What is the name of Tesla's book?
In what type of literature is the impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla a recurring theme?
Where has Tesla's legacy endured?
How many types of science fiction have Tesla's influence been a recurring theme?
Which magazine featured Tesla on its cover on his 75th birthday?
On what date did Time magazine put Tesla on its cover?
What did Time say Tesla contributed to?
What famous scientist congratulated Tesla on his 75th birthday?
How many congratulatory letters did Tesla receive?
What is a branch of the theory of computation that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty?
What does computational complexity theory focus on?
What is understood to be a task that is in principle amenable to being solved by a computer?
When is a problem regarded as inherently difficult?
What does computational complexity theory introduce to study problems?
What are two examples of resources needed to solve a problem in computational complexity theory?
What is used in circuit complexity?
What is one of the roles of computational complexity theory?
What are two closely related fields in theoretical computer science?
Along with computability theory, what field of theoretical computer science is related to computational complexity theory?
What theory asks what kind of problems can, in principle, be solved algorithmically?
What theory asks what kind of problems can, in principle, be solved algorithmically?
What is the input string for a computational problem referred to as?
What is the input string for a computational problem not to be confused with?
What type of utterance can serve as the input for a decision problem?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of what?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances with what for every instance?
What is the maximum length of a route through Germany's 15 largest cities?
What is an example of a quantitative answer to the traveling salesman problem that can be used to solve other instances of the problem?
What does complexity theory focus on?
A string over an alphabet is called what when considering computational problems?
What can integers be represented in?
What are the strings over an alphabet called?
In what notation can integers be represented?
How can graphs be encoded?
What is one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the alternate answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the input to a decision problem?
What is associated with a decision problem?
What does one have to decide to obtain a precise definition of the formal language associated with a decision problem?
What is a function problem?
What is expected for every input in a function problem?
What is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input?
What is an example of a function problem?
A function problem is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input?
What can function problems be recast as?
What can the multiplication of two integers be expressed as?
What is one way to measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem?
What does the running time of an algorithm depend on?
How is the time required to solve a problem calculated?
What is the size of the input in?
What is complexity theory interested in?
What says that a problem can be solved with a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm?
What can be expressed as a function of n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
If T(n) is a polynomial in n, what is the algorithm called?
What is a mathematical model of a general computing machine?
If a problem can be solved by what, there exists a Turing machine that solves the problem?
What is the most commonly used model in complexity theory?
What does a Turing machine manipulate on a strip of tape?
What is the most basic Turing machine?
What does a deterministic Turing machine use to determine its future actions?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits called?
What is a Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism?
What are algorithms that use random bits called?
What are many types of Turing machines used to define?
When resources are bounded, what are some Turing machines more powerful?
What are some types of Turing machines used to define complexity classes?
What is an example of a machine model that is different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines?
What do random access machines not require to be converted to another model?
What may vary in the consumption of alternate models of Turing machines?
What do all these models have in common?
What type of Turing machine is allowed to branch out to check many different possibilities at once?
Some computational problems are easier to analyze in terms of what?
What does a non-deterministic Turing machine capture?
What is an important resource in analyzing non-deterministic computational problems?
What are steps in a deterministic Turing machine?
What is one way that complexity theory classifies problems?
What is the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine denoted by?
Along with space, what is needed to solve a problem?
Time and space are the most well-known what?
Any complexity measure can be viewed as what?
What are complexity measures generally defined by?
What are defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What are defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What are the three types of case complexity?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different inputs of the same size?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring what type of complexity?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different what?
What solves the problem of sorting a list of integers?
When the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order, what is the result?
What is the worst-case time for quicksort when the input is sorted in reverse order?
What is the minimum amount of time required for solving a given problem?
What field of study does analyzing an algorithm fall under?
What do you need to prove to classify the computation time?
What does T(n) stand for?
What do lower bounds make a statement about?
What notation hides constant factors and smaller terms?
What does the big O notation hide?
What would one write in big O notation if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40?
What is the big O notation independent of?
What have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework?
What do some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into?
What do some complexity classes have that do not fit into this framework?
What do complexity classes depend on?
In what time can a language be solved on a multi-tape Turing machine?
What model requires quadratic time?
What states that time complexities in any two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related?
What is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time?
What can be bound by an algorithm to define complexity classes?
What can be used to define many important complexity classes?
What can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm?
What are three important complexity classes that are defined using probabilistic Turing machines?
What type of circuits are AC and NC defined using?
What type of Turing machines are BQP and QMA defined using?
What is an important complexity class of counting problems?
What type of proof systems are IP and AM defined using?
What is an example of a requirement that can be relaxed to create a bigger set of problems?
What is DTIME(n) contained in?
What is the answer to questions about time and space requirements?
What do hierarchy theorems induce?
What type of statements can be made about how much more additional time or space is needed in order to increase the number of problems that can be solved
What form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes?
The time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in what?
The space hierarchy theorem tells us that L is strictly contained in what?
What is a transformation of one problem into another problem called?
A reduction is a transformation of one problem into what?
What does X do to Y?
What are two examples of reductions based on the method of reduction?
 polynomial-time reductions or log-space reductions are examples of what?
What is the most commonly used reduction?
What can the problem of squaring an integer be reduced to?
What is the most commonly used reduction process called?
What can be given to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm to square an integer?
What is squaring not more difficult than?
What does the notion of hard problems depend on?
What motivates the concept of a problem being hard for a complexity class?
An algorithm for X allows us to do what?
What type of problems are hard for NP?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What class ofcomplete problems contains the most difficult problems?
What would being able to reduce a known NP-complete problem, Π2, to another problem,Π1, indicate?
What class ofcomplete problems contains the most difficult problems?
What is the complexity class of Turing machines?
What is the hypothesis that the complexity class P is a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm?
The Boolean satisfiability problem, the Hamiltonian path problem and the vertex cover problem are all members of what complexity class?
What is an example of a problem that people would like to solve efficiently, but for which no efficient algorithm is known?
What are special non-deterministic Turing machines?
If P equals NP, many important problems can be shown to have what?
What is an example of a problem that can be solved if P equals NP?
How much is the prize for resolving the P versus NP problem?
Who showed that if P ≠ NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete?
What are problems that are neither in P nor NP called?
What is an example of a problem that is believed to be NP-intermediate?
What is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
If the polynomial time hierarchy does not collapse to any finite level, what is the answer to the graph isomorphism problem?
What collapses to its second level if graph isomorphism is NP-complete?
If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to what level?
Who created the best algorithm for the graph isomorphism problem?
What is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer?
What is the factor less than in the integer factorization problem?
What does the RSA algorithm form the basis of?
What is the best known algorithm for integer factorization?
What has not been proved about many known complexity classes?
What is an example of a complexity class that has not been proved to be unequal?
What are RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, and PH?
What would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory?
What is the class containing the complement problems of NP problems?
What happens to the yes/no answers of complement problems?
If the two complexity classes are not equal then P is not equal to co-NP?
If the two complexity classes are not equal, what does it mean?
What is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
What is not known about L?
What are NL and NC?
What are two complexity classes that are not known if they are distinct or equal classes?
What is not known about NL and NC?
What are problems that can be solved in theory but which in practice take too long for their solutions to be useful?
What type of algorithms might be unusable in practice?
If NP is not the same as P, what are also intractable in this sense?
What is an example of a decision problem that is not in P?
What has happened to the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic?
What is an example of a problem that can be solved in less than quadratic time?
How long does it take to solve the NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes?
SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of what problem?
What did researchers do before researching algorithmic problems?
Who created the definition of Turing machines?
What did Alan Turing define in 1936?
When was the definition of Turing machines created?
What was the definition of Turing machines a simplification of?
What is the name of the seminal paper that started the beginning of systematic studies in computational complexity?
Who wrote "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
What two types of complexity did the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" define?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
Who defined linear bounded automata in 1960?
When did Raymond Smullyan study rudimentary sets?
Who wrote a paper on real-time computations in 1962?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems regularly assume some concrete choice of what?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems regularly assume some concrete choice of what?
Who developed an axiomatic complexity theory in 1967?
What did Manuel Blum prove?
What was the name of Karp's 1972 paper?
How many diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems did Karp show were NP-complete?
What is the name of the course of study that a teacher provides?
What is the science of teaching called?
Where must a person who wishes to become a teacher obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials?
What do teachers use to facilitate student learning?
Where is the role of teacher often carried out?
A teacher's role may vary among what?
Along with literacy, craftsmanship or vocational training, what type of education can a teacher provide?
Along with literacy and numeracy, vocational training and arts, what type of training can a teacher provide?
Along with literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, what type of education can a teacher provide?
What is an example of a transient or ongoing teacher?
In some countries, formal education can take place through what?
What type of education can take place through home schooling?
What type of role can a teacher have in home schooling?
What can a teacher provide to a student in a community setting?
What type of teachers are gurus?
What type of texts can gurus, mullahs, rabbis, and lamas teach?
What religious texts can religious and spiritual teachers teach?
What are gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors and lamas?
What is it called when a family teaches their children informally?
Who is responsible for formal teaching?
What is another name for CPA?
In addition to within the family and in the family, where can a teacher be found?
Who is responsible for formal teaching?
What do teachers help with outside of the classroom?
What type of activities can a teacher serve as a supervisor for?
What do teachers supervise outside of the classroom?
Who can accompany students on field trips?
What do many governments operate around the world?
What is the purpose of a teacher's college?
Who are teacher's colleges meant to protect?
What profession does a variety of bodies aim to preserve and update the professional standing of?
What do teacher's colleges enforce?
Who must be in good standing with the college?
What type of hearings do teacher's colleges conduct?
Who is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
Who is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
Who is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
In what type of environment can a teacher help students learn?
What is another term for a teacher who teaches on an individual basis?
Along with a school, what is an example of a place where a teacher can help a student learn?
What do teachers do in education?
Along with a formal approach to learning, what type of teaching is typically used?
What are different ways to teach referred to as?
What do teachers often accompany students on outside of the classroom?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What technology has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
Along with a course of study or lesson plan, what is a practical objective of a teacher?
Who determines standardized curricula?
What type of disabilities can a teacher deal with?
What is one age that a teacher may interact with?
What type of curricula can a teacher follow?
What does teaching using pedagogy assess the educational levels of the students on?
What did an experienced teacher and parent say the real bulk of learning takes place in?
What does a teacher do to timid students?
What does a teacher do to a cocky student?
What is the function of a teacher?
What is the most significant difference between primary and secondary schools?
What does a primary school teacher teach?
What type of teachers are in secondary schools?
What school has a teacher who stays with them for most of the week and teaches the whole curriculum?
What is another term for a parent in primary school?
What type of approaches for primary education do exist?
What is another name for a group of students in one class that moves from one specialist to another for every subject?
How do students derive a strong sense of security?
A teacher who specializes in one subject is considered to be what?
In what country is the platoon system used?
What is a new trend amongst educational institutions?
How many teachers are in a co-teaching classroom?
What does co-teaching focus on?
How do co-teachers work?
What does co-teaching provide to a student?
What was the most common form of school discipline?
What was a teacher expected to act as while a child was in school?
What was open to a substitute parent while a child was in school?
What form of school discipline was corporal punishment?
When was a teacher expected to act as a substitute parent?
How common was corporal punishment in the past?
What countries have now banned corporal punishment?
In what country is corporal punishment still lawful?
Who ruled in 1977 that paddling did not violate the US Constitution?
What is corporal punishment meant to cause?
How many US states have banned corporal punishment?
Where are most of the states that have not banned corporal punishment located?
Is corporal punishment still used to a significant degree in some public schools?
What is used to administer corporal punishment in American schools?
Where is corporal punishment usually given?
What type of corporal punishment is used in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries?
Where is corporal punishment still used in schools?
What is the name of the type of corporal punishment used in schools?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States?
Where is detention most common?
In addition to sitting in a classroom and doing work, what do students usually do during detention?
Along with sitting in a classroom and doing work, what do students have to write during detention?
What type of teacher is a modern example of school discipline in North America?
What is positive reinforcement balanced with?
What type of boundaries define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior?
What is seen as outside of reasonable discipline?
What are teachers expected to do to their students?
Who advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline?
What is an example of a country that combines strict discipline with high standards of education?
What do some teachers and parents believe the problems with modern schooling stem from?
What type of discipline do some teachers and parents advocate?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
What is the typical class size in a school?
What can maintaining order in the classroom divert a teacher from?
What type of students receive disproportionate resources?
What type of students do motivated students receive disproportionate resources?
What type of students receive disproportionate resources?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools claim can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
Along with schools, who do Sudbury model democratic schools claim can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
What does the Sudbury model democratic school atmosphere consist of?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools claim about the preservation of public order?
What do the proponents of the Sudbury model democratic schools argue is necessary for a school to be a success?
What characteristic of a teacher can affect how students perceive the course materials?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition transfer to receptive students?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition do not do?
How do students who have enthusiastic teachers rate them?
Recent research has found a correlation between students' intrinsic motivation to learn and what?
What did students who had a very enthusiastic teacher do outside of the classroom?
What type of expressions have been shown to result in higher levels of intrinsic motivation?
What type of studies have shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in higher levels of intrinsic motivation?
Does nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in higher or lower levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
How do enthusiastic teachers make students feel about their own learning?
What may act as a "motivational embellishment"?
What concept may also apply to teacher enthusiasm?
What may contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm?
What does research show that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to?
What type of relations do enthusiastic teachers have with their students?
What does academic success include?
What must a teacher do to a student?
What are closely linked to student-teacher relationships?
What type of teachers are students likely to build stronger relations with?
What type of teachers are students likely to build stronger relations with?
What do teachers that spend more time doing are considered to be supportive and effective?
What type of teachers are shown to invite student participation and decision making, allow humor into their classroom, and demonstrate willingness to play?
What is one of the three most important aspects of teacher enthusiasm?
What type of teacher can be very influential in a student's life?
A spark in the teacher may create a spark of excitement in what other person?
An enthusiastic teacher has the ability to be what in a students life?
What must a teacher enjoy doing?
What type of misconduct by teachers has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts?
What percentage of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country did the American Association of University Women report that 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated
When did 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention?
Who did a study on sexual misconduct by teachers?
In what country did a study show a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional?
What professions were included in the study in England?
How many people were included in the British study?
Which study posed questions about fourteen types of sexual harassment?
In what country has Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct?
What did the cases of Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau cause?
What has led to some men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession?
Who is the general secretary of the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers?
Who was outraged by Keates' comments?
What has the fear of being listed as a pedophile led to?
What did Keates say teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on?
What is one occupational hazard that can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health?
What is another occupational hazard that can affect a teacher?
What are teachers at high risk for?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What is one occupational hazard that can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health?
What percentage of UK teachers experienced occupational stress in 2000?
In what country did a 2000 study find that 42% of teachers experienced occupational stress?
What is the rate of occupational stress in the UK?
In what year did a study find that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers?
A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than what other profession?
How many ways are there to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
What is one way to reduce occupational hazards of teaching?
What type of interventions are used to relieve occupational stress among teachers?
What can organizational interventions help to reduce?
What is one way to reduce occupational hazards of teaching?
Where are most teachers educated?
What do governments require of teachers before they can teach?
What is earned after completion of high school?
What do many educational institutions require a prospective teacher to pass to be able to teach?
In what country do many educational institutions require a background check and psychiatric evaluation to teach?
Who is responsible for education in Australia?
How many tiers of education does Australia follow?
What is the third tier of education in Australia?
What are the three tiers of education in Australia?
What is the first tier of education in Australia?
What is required to be a teacher in Canada?
What is required to become a qualified teacher in most provinces?
Who funds private schools in Canada?
What type of people are teachers in Germany?
What are special university classes called in Germany?
What are elementary schools called in Germany?
What do teachers' salaries depend on?
What is the name of the higher level secondary school in Germany?
What is given to teachers who teach in the Irish language?
What is the basic pay for a primary teacher in Ireland?
What is the basic pay for a primary teacher in Ireland?
A principal of a large school with many years experience and several qualifications could earn over what?
Who are teachers required to be registered with?
What section of the Teaching Council Act 2001 states that a person who is not registered with the council may not be paid from Oireachtas
When was Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act passed?
What type of funds may a person who is not registered with the Teaching Council not be paid from?
When was Garda vetting introduced for new teachers?
Who has Garda vetting been introduced for since 2006?
How often will existing staff be vetted?
Who cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role?
What was the average salary for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers in September 2007?
What two factors can cause some teachers to earn much higher salaries than others?
What is the average annual salary for a preschool teacher in England?
What is the minimum degree a teacher in a state school must have?
In what month and year did the salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers range from £20,133 to £41,
What do many counties offer to attract people into teaching?
Why do many counties offer alternative licensing programs?
What is the likelihood of job opportunities in a given geographic area?
What is expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth?
What type of teachers are most likely to retire?
Who must a teacher in Scotland be registered with?
What is an all graduate profession in Scotland?
How many Scottish universities offer Initial Teacher Education?
What does the GTCS call the registration that is completed after a year?
How long does it take for the GTCS to raise a student to "Full Registration"?
When did the salary year begin for unpromoted teachers in Scotland?
What was the average salary for a Probationer in Scotland in 2008?
How much did unpromoted teachers earn after 6 years in Scotland?
What do unpromoted teachers in Scotland earn after 6 years of teaching?
What can teachers in Scotland be registered members of?
Where in the United Kingdom does education differ in certain respects from education elsewhere?
What language is compulsory for all pupils until the age of 16?
How long are lessons in Welsh compulsory for all pupils in Wales?
What percentage of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction in 2008/09?
Who can receive Welsh medium education in Wales?
What type of unions can teachers in Wales be registered with?
Is the average age of teachers in Wales rising or falling?
When did attacks on teachers in Welsh schools reach an all-time high?
What type of unions can teachers in Wales be registered with?
What is the growing cause of attacks on teachers in Welsh schools?
Who determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools?
How long can a teaching certificate last?
What is required of public school teachers?
What type of schools do not require teachers to be certified?
What is the name of the program that sets the standards for highly qualified teachers in charter schools?
What have teachers been paid in the past?
What has improved in recent years?
What makes teachers earn more than those with a standard bachelor's degree?
Who had the lowest median salary in a salary survey for K-12 teachers?
What is the name of the website where teachers can sell their lesson plans?
How many forms of spiritual or religious teachers are there in Christianity?
What is the most individualistic denomination of Christianity?
Is a Confessor always a bishop?
What are the three major traditions of Christianity?
What is the name of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
Who can fill the role of spiritual teacher in the LDS Church?
What type of guidance is offered by the Patriarch?
Who is expected to provide spiritual guidance for all of his family in the LDS Church?
Who are Priesthood representatives expected to defer to when in his home?
What is a spiritual teacher in Hinduism known as?
How high is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship in Hinduism?
Who do gurus have a great deal of control over?
In what region of Hinduism is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship high?
What are the teachers of Dharma in Tibet most commonly called?
What is a Tulku?
What is a Lama who has consciously determined to be reborn called?
How many times does a Tulku consciously decide to be reborn?
How does a Lama decide to be reborn?
What is the name of the Islamic teacher who can render a verdict on matters of Islamic law?
What is the name of the Islamic teacher who can render a verdict on matters of Islamic law?
What is the name of the Islamic tradition that focuses on spiritual knowledge?
What is another term for exoteric?
What is the highest position in Sufism?
What was Martin Luther's nationality?
When did Martin Luther die?
What church did Martin Luther reject?
What did Martin Luther believe could be purchased with money?
What did the Pope do to Martin Luther?
What did Luther believe was the only way to receive eternal life?
What did Luther believe was the only way to receive God's grace?
What office did Luther challenge?
What did Luther believe was the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What did Luther consider all baptized Christians to be?
What book did Popper translate into the vernacular?
What version of the German language did Popper's translation of the Bible lead to?
What was the name of the English translation of the Bible?
What did his hymns influence?
What did his marriage to Katharina von Bora allow?
When was Martin Luther born?
Where was Martin Luther born?
What empire was Eisleben, Saxony a part of?
What religion was Martin Luther baptized as?
What did Hans Luther want his eldest son to become?
What university did he enter at the age of 19?
What was the University of Erfurt described as?
At what time did he have to wake every morning to attend the University of Erfurt?
What type of learning did Avicenna endure at the University of Erfurt?
In what year did Avicenna receive his master's degree?
What did Luther drop out of?
What did Luther believe law represented?
What two areas of study did Luther find unsatisfying?
How did Luther test everything himself?
What did Luther believe that reason could not lead men to?
What did Luther say he was terrified of?
When did Luther decide to become a monk?
Where did Luther go after leaving law school?
What event caused Luther to become a monk?
What did his father think was a waste of time?
What order did Luther dedicate himself to?
What did Luther describe his time in the Augustinian order as?
What did Luther say he made of Christ?
Who was Luther's superior?
What did Luther believe true repentance involves?
In what year was Luther ordained to the priesthood?
Who was the first dean of the University of Wittenberg?
In what year did Luther receive a bachelor's degree?
When did Luther receive his bachelor's degree?
What book did Luther receive a bachelor's degree in in 1509?
When was he awarded his Doctor of Theology?
When was he received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg?
What position did he hold at the University of Wittenberg?
Where did he spend the rest of his career?
What did he receive on October 19, 1512?
In what year was Johann Tetzel sent to Germany to sell indulgences?
What was the purpose of selling indulgences in 1516?
What church did Johann Tetzel belong to?
What does the Roman Catholic Church believe justification depends on?
What does the Roman Catholic Church believe justification depends on?
When did Luther write to his bishop?
Who was the bishop of Mainz in 1517?
What was the name of Luther's letter to Albert of Mainz?
Who wrote that Luther had no intention of confronting the church?
Which of the Ninety-Five Theses asks "Why did the pope build the basilica of St. Peter with the money of
Who said "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
What rings when the soul springs from purgatory?
Who objected to the saying that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
Who said "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
Who was responsible for granting forgiveness?
What did he claim indulgences granted buyers?
What did he say indulgences absolved buyers from?
What should Christians not slacken in following Christ on account of?
Who must not slacken in following Christ on account of false assurances?
Who overstated the matter in regard to indulgences for the dead?
What did Tetzel have?
What did Tetzel overstate?
What did Tetzel believe was in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What story has little foundation in truth?
What did scholars Walter Krämer, Götz Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause say has
Who made comments about the posting on the door?
Where was Melanchthon at the time of the posting on the door?
According to scholars, the story of the posting on the door has what kind of foundation?
When did friends of Luther translate the 95 Theses into German?
What was one of the first in history to help spread the 95 Theses?
Who translated the 95 Theses into German?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Germany?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Europe?
When did Luther's writings begin to reach France, England, and Italy?
Who came to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak?
What part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive?
In what year were three of Luther's best-known works published?
What was one of Luther's best-known works published in 1520?
What did Luther do on the Psalms?
What terms did Luther use to describe the Catholic Church?
What did Luther think of the Catholic church?
What did Luther believe the Catholic church had lost sight of?
What did Luther call the act of declaring a sinner righteous?
Who did Luther believe was responsible for justification?
When was On the Bondage of the Will published?
What did Luther consider faith to be?
Where did Luther explain his concept of justification?
How did Luther believe the just person lived?
What was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What did Luther railing against?
How many points did Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" become the foundation for the Reformation?
Who did not reply to Luther's letter?
Where did Albrecht send the 95 Theses?
What did Albrecht need to pay off for his tenure of more than one bishopric?
How much of the revenue from the indulgences was to go to the building of St Peter's Church in Rome?
When did Albrecht send the 95 Theses to Rome?
Who summoned Luther to Rome?
Who did Leo X use against Luther?
When did Luther say he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church?
What did Luther believe the Bible prophecy concluded?
What did Cajetan originally plan to do to Luther?
When did the papal nuncio adopt a more conciliatory approach?
What did Luther promise to do if his opponents did not agree with him?
Who was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum?
What scripture did Luther believe did not confer on popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture?
What did Eck call Luther?
When did the Pope warn Luther that he risked excommunication if he did not recant the 95 Theses?
What did Luther have to do within 60 days to avoid being excommunicated?
How long did the Pope warn Luther that he would be excommunicated if he did not retract the 95 Theses?
Who tried to broker a solution for Luther?
When was Luther excommunicated?
Who enforced the ban on the 95 Theses?
When did Luther appear before the Diet of Worms?
What was the Diet of Worms?
Who presided over the Diet of Worms?
Who was the Elector of Saxony?
Who presented Luther with copies of his writings?
Who was Johann Eck the assistant of?
What did Luther do with the books he was presented with?
When did Luther give his response to the question of whether or not his books were his?
What did Luther do when Eck asked him if he was the author of his books?
What did Luther do at the end of his speech?
What did Luther raise his arm in the traditional salute of?
Who considers Luther's speech to be a "world classic of epoch-making oratory"?
What type of oratory does Mullett consider Luther's speech to be?
What did Luther refuse to do?
Who refused to recant his writings?
Why are the words "Here I stand" and "May God help me" considered unreliable?
What type of words did Mullett believe Luther would use?
What was held to determine Luther's fate?
When was the Edict of Worms presented?
Who presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms?
What did the Edict of Worms require of Luther?
What did the Edict of Worms allow anyone to do without legal consequence?
What was planned during Luther's return to Wittenberg?
Where was Luther escorted to after he was intercepted?
What did Luther call Wartburg?
What did Luther translate from Greek into German?
What did Luther do to Archbishop Albrecht?
What did Luther argue that every good work designed to attract God's favor is?
What did Luther believe about God's grace?
When did Luther write to Melanchthon?
What did Luther tell Melanchthon to do to make his sins stronger?
What did Luther believe was not located in this life?
When did Luther widen his target from individual pieties to doctrines at the heart of Church practices?
What did Luther do to the idea that the mass is a sacrifice?
What did Luther believe the mass to be?
What did Luther encourage?
What did Luther say monks and nuns could do without sin?
What did Luther place the foundations of the Reformation on?
When did Luther deal with prophecy?
Where did Luther focus on the Little Horn prophecy?
What prophecy did Luther focus on?
What was identified as the power of the Papacy in 2 Thessalonians 2?
Who supported Andreas Karlstadt?
When did Andreas Karlstadt begin a radical programme of reform in Wittenberg?
What did Karlstadt's reforms cause?
What group of zealots arrived in Wittenberg after Christmas?
Who asked Luther to return to Wittenberg?
When did Luther return to Wittenberg?
What did Luther say he could repair the ravages of Satan by?
How many sermons did Luther preach during Lent?
What were the eight sermons Luther preached during Lent called?
What did Luther tell the citizens to do instead of violence?
What was the effect of Luther's intervention?
Who wrote to the elector after the sixth sermon?
When did Jerome Schurf write to the elector?
What did Jerome Schurf feel about Martin's return?
What type of people did Schurf say Luther's words were bringing back to the truth?
What did Luther work with the authorities to restore?
What type of force did Luther become?
Who did Luther ban?
What did the radical reformers threaten the new order by fomenting?
Who did Luther have a battle against after banishing the Zwickau prophets?
What was Nicholas Storch's profession?
What was the name of the war that took place in 1524-25?
When was the German Peasants' War?
What did many peasants believe Luther would do?
Who did peasants believe Luther would support an attack on?
Who did Luther remind the aggrieved to obey?
Where did Luther become enraged at the burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces and libraries?
What did Luther call the rebels?
What did Luther call the violence against the peasants?
Who did Luther call on to put down the rebels?
How did Luther justify his opposition to the rebels?
What did Luther believe the rebels were doing?
Who did St. Paul say all authorities are appointed by?
What is the name of the doctrine based on the Bible reference?
How did Luther believe the rebels deserved to die?
What did Luther lack that caused many rebels to lay down their weapons?
Who defeated the rebels at the Battle of Frankenhausen?
When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?
What happened to Müntzer after the Battle of Frankenhausen?
Who supported Luther's Reformation?
Who did Martin Luther marry?
How were the nuns smuggled out of the convent?
How old was Katharina at the time of her marriage?
How old was Martin Luther when he married Katharina von Bora?
When did Martin Luther marry Katharina von Bora?
When was the couple engaged?
On what day was the couple married?
Along with the ceremonial walk to the church, what event was left out of the wedding?
When were the wedding banquet and walk to the church made up?
Who married the couple on June 13, 1525?
What did Luther's wedding set on clerical marriage?
What did Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on?
Why did Luther condemn vows of celibacy?
What did Luther expect?
What did Melanchthon call Luther's decision to marry?
What was the name of the former monastery that Luther and his wife moved into?
Where did Luther and his wife move to?
How many children did Luther and his wife have?
What did Luther say he would not exchange his poverty for?
What did Katharina do to earn a living?
What Biblical ideal had proved unworkable?
What did Luther establish from 1525 to 1529?
What type of worship service did Luther lay down?
How did Luther write a summary of his new faith?
What type of thought was Luther's?
What did Luther avoid to avoid confusing or upsetting people?
Where did Luther concentrate on the church?
What did Luther act as to churches in new territories?
Who did Luther work closely with?
What type of church government did Martin Brecht believe Luther's partnership with John the Steadfast led to?
When did Luther publish his German Mass?
What did Luther not intend his German Mass to replace?
Who did Luther want to reach with his German Mass?
What did Luther omit from the Catholic service?
What did the optional trappings of the German Mass allow?
When did Luther's visitation of Saxony begin?
Where did Luther and his colleagues introduce the new order of worship?
Along with pastoral care, what did Luther and his colleagues assess in Saxony?
What did Luther say the common people of Saxony had little knowledge of?
What did Luther say that many pastors were well-nigh unskilled?
What did Luther create to teach the basics of Christianity?
When did Luther write the Large Catechism?
Who did Luther write the Large Catechism for?
Who was the Small Catechism meant to be memorized by?
What did Luther incorporate into the catechism to make it easier to understand?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
What did Luther say he did not want to collect?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
Which of Luther's works has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching?
Along with Luther's hymns and catechism, what book did he translate?
Which of Luther's catechisms was most effective in teaching parents?
Which of Luther's catechisms was most effective for pastors?
What language did Luther use to express the Apostles' Creed?
How did Luther view the Trinity?
Where does Salvation originate?
When was Luther's German translation of the New Testament published?
When was the whole Bible published in German?
What did Luther finish in 1534?
What word did Luther add to Romans 3:28?
What did Luther say justified us?
Where did Luther use the variant of German spoken at?
What types of Germans did Luther's translation of the Bible speak?
Who did Luther hope to make the Bible accessible to?
What did Luther hope to do with his translation of the Bible?
What did Luther want to remove from the German language to make it easier to read the Bible?
What was there a rising demand for at the time of the Luther Bible?
What did Luther's version of the Bible become popular and influential for?
What did the Luther Bible make a significant contribution to?
Who made woodcuts for the Luther Bible?
Who translated the Luther Bible into English?
What did Luther do in addition to writing hymns?
What types of music did Luther connect with?
What was Luther's tool of choice for connecting high art and folk music?
What instrument did Luther use to accompany the sung hymns?
What instrument did Luther use to accompany his hymns?
Along with the Reformation, what were Luther's hymns frequently evoked by?
Why were Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes martyred?
What hymn did Luther write after learning of the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes?
Who translated "Ein neues Lied wir heben an" into English?
What is the first line of the hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an"?
When was "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" written?
What did Luther explain in the Small Catechism?
Where was the Apostles' Creed explained in 1529?
From what earlier hymn was "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" adapted?
Why do 20th-century Lutherans rarely use "Wir glauben all an einen Gott"?
When was Luther's hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer written?
Where did Luther explain the Lord's Prayer?
The hymn functioned as a liturgical setting of the Lord's Prayer and as a means of examining candidates on what?
How many revisions did Luther make to his hymn?
What have other 16th and 20th century versifications of the Lord's Prayer adopted?
When did Luther write "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir"?
What Psalm was "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir" a hymnic version of?
What did Luther want his colleagues to do with "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir"?
What was the name of the first Lutheran hymnal?
What did the expanded version of "Aus tiefer Not" express?
What hymn became the main hymn for Advent?
What was "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" based on?
What did Luther's "Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ" become for Christmas?
How many hymns did Luther write on the Ten Commandments?
What did Luther's hymn "Herr Gott, dich loben wir" become known as?
What topic did Luther discuss in his hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam"?
What tune was associated with Psalm 67's prayer for grace?
What was the purpose of Psalm 67?
Which composer used the hymn as a subject for his own work?
Where was the Lutheran Reformation held in 1541?
Where were Luther's hymns included?
How many songs of the First Lutheran Achtliederbuch did Luther supply?
How many songs of the Erfurt Enchiridion did Luther provide?
How many of the 32 songs in the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter were Lutheran songs?
What was the name of the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter?
Who included several verses as chorales in his cantatas?
What type of cantatas did Johann Sebastian Bach based on Luther's hymns?
What year did Johann Sebastian Bach include Christ lag in Todes Banden?
When was Bach's second annual cycle?
In what year did Bach write Wär Gott nicht with uns?
What did Luther believe a Christian's soul does after it is separated from the body in death?
What did Luther reject for the saints?
What did Luther believe the saints do in their bedchamber after death?
What did Luther think of Purgatory?
In what work did Luther describe the saints as currently residing in their graves and in heaven?
Which Lutheran theologian observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from later Lutheran theologians?
Who was one of the later Lutheran theologians who disagreed with Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul?
Which Lutheran theologian reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy on this issue?
When did Lessing die?
Which of Luther's works states that the soul does not sleep but wakes up and experiences visions?
Who argued that John Jortin misread the passage from Luther?
When did Francis Blackburne argue that John Jortin misread the passage?
Who argued in 1867 that the phrase "homo enim in hac vita" refers to the soul of a man "
What did Fritschel say the soul of a man "in this life" is interrupted by at night?
When was the Marburg Colloquy held?
What was Philip I's title?
What did the Marburg Colloquy attempt to establish?
How many points of agreement was reached at the Marburg Colloquy?
What was the exception to the agreement at the Marburg Colloquy?
What did the theologians differ on the significance of at the Last Supper?
What did Luther believe was present in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther call the consecrated bread and wine at the Last Supper?
What did Luther's opponents believe God to be?
What type of debate did the debate between Luther and Zwingli sometimes become?
When was the Augsburg Confession signed?
What paved the way for the signing in 1530 of the Augsburg Confession?
What league was formed in 1530 by leading Protestant nobles?
Who did not sign these agreements?
Along with John of Saxony and Philip of Hesse, who was a member of the Schmalkaldic League?
What did some scholars believe Luther thought of faith and reason?
What did Luther believe was the right tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible?
What did Luther say about reason in relation to faith?
What did Luther believe was the right tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible?
What was Luther's concern in separating faith and reason?
What did Luther say in 1523?
What did Luther lose hope in as the Reformation continued?
Who did Luther grow more hostile toward in his later years?
Along with Zwinglianism and the papacy, who did Luther write against in his later years?
In what year did Luther write Von den Juden und ihren Lügen?
How did Luther view the Turks?
Why did Luther see the Turks as a scourge?
What did Luther believe the Biblical apocalypse would do?
Who did Luther believe was the antichrist?
What type of war did Luther want the German people to fight against the Turks?
What did Luther read in 1542?
What did Luther produce after reading the Qur'an?
What religion did Luther call "Mohammedanism" or " the Turk"?
What did Luther think of the Muslim faith?
What did Luther want to happen to the Qur'an?
What did Agricola claim that God's gospel revealed?
Who preached a sermon in 1537 that claimed that God's gospel, not God's moral law, revealed God's wrath to Christians?
Who did Agricola claim the law belonged to?
What did Luther write in response to Agricola's theses?
What was the name of Luther's book written in 1539?
What is it called when the Holy Spirit uses the law to work sorrow over sin in man's heart?
What is the second use of the law?
What does Luther say is called the law?
What does refusing to preach the Ten Commandments do?
According to Luther, who does the church consist of?
What did Luther believe the Ten Commandments positively teach a Christian?
What did Luther say a Christian should follow on a daily basis?
What is it called when the Ten Commandments are considered as an example of God's eternal will?
What did Luther believe Christ's life was nothing more than?
What did Luther say a Christian should follow on a daily basis?
What sacrament is given to Christians to begin a new life in heaven?
What is a present foreshadowing of believers' future angel-like life in heaven?
What did Luther tell Christians to do in their daily lives?
Why did Philip I want to marry his wife's ladies-in-waiting?
What did Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, want to marry?
Who did Philip I want to marry?
What does Martin Brecht think of Luther's role in the marriage of Philip I?
What did the affair cause to Luther's reputation?
What did the local community that Luther lived in do for ninety years?
Who did Luther consider blasphemers and liars?
What did Luther believe the Jews were guilty of?
What did Luther believe the Jews rejected?
What did Luther hope to do to the Jews?
What was the name of Luther's 60,000-word treatise on the Jews?
When was Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi published?
How many years before his death did Luther publish Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi?
What did Luther call the Jews?
What did Robert Michael think Luther's words "We are at fault in not slaying them" amounted to?
Who did Luther speak out against?
Who did Josel of Rosheim blame for the plight of the Jews?
What did Martin Luther say that whoever would help the Jews was?
What did Josel ask the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of?
When did riots lead to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What did historians believe contributed to the development of antisemitism in Germany?
What did Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric provide an "ideal underpinning" for?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
How did the Nazi newspaper Der Stürmer describe On the Jews and their Lies?
When did seven Protestant regional church confederations issue a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge?
Who was the greatest antisemite of his time?
Who argued that Luther's writing was a "blueprint"?
Who published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht?
What did Sasse call Luther?
What do some scholars see the Nazis' use of Luther's work as?
What did Martin Brecht believe caused Luther to become one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism?
What did Luther's work provide material for?
When did Johannes Wallmann argue that Luther's writings against the Jews were largely ignored?
What was Luther's position on the Jews and Their Lies?
What did some scholars argue lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism?
Who wrote that Luther is credited with "Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism"?
What did Paul Rose argue that Luther caused about the Jews?
Who used Luther's publications to justify the policies of the National Socialists?
What did a large number of German Lutheran clergy and theologians during the Nazi Third Reich use to justify at least in part the anti-
What could have caused Luther's antisemitic views?
Why did Luther's antisemitic views develop?
What did Edwards say Luther often used for effect in his writings?
Along with Catholics, who did Luther write diatribes against?
What book did Mark U. Edwards write in 1983?
When did Lutheran Church denominations repudiate Martin Luther's statements against the Jews?
What did Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans find about Lutherans?
Who wrote the book Hitler and Nazism?
During what years did Dick Geary write an article about who voted for the Nazis?
What happened to Luther from 1531 to 1546?
What scandal led to the scandal in which Luther played a leading role?
What did Luther suffer from in 1536?
Along with kidney and bladder stones, what health problems did Luther have in 1536?
What did Luther suffer from in 1544?
Why was Luther short-tempered?
What did Luther's poor physical health cause him to be even harsher in?
How did Luther's poor physical health affect his writings and comments?
Who said "Dear husband, you are too rude"?
How many times did Luther preach in the Market Church in Halle?
Where was Luther's last sermon delivered?
When was Luther's last sermon?
Who was Luther's last sermon devoted to?
Where did Luther want to expel the Jews from?
What did Luther pray for the Jews?
Where did Luther go on his final journey?
What did Luther participate in when he went to Mansfeld?
When did Luther first travel to Mansfeld?
When did Luther visit Mansfeld for a third time?
Who was Luther concerned for when he went to Mansfeld?
When did the negotiations with the church end?
What did Luther experience after 8 a.m?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
What isPs. 31:5?
When did Luther wake up with more chest pain?
What caused Luther to lose his speech?
When did Luther die?
When did Luther die?
Where was Luther buried?
Who held Luther's funeral?
What did Luther write on a piece of paper?
In what language was Luther's last statement written?
What was Luther's last statement in German?
What type of size was Luther in the 1530s and 1540s?
What type of images of Luther were printed in the 1530s and 1540s?
How was Luther shown to be compared to the secular German princes?
What type of life was Luther compared to?
When were printed images of Luther crucial to the spread of Protestantism?
On what date is Luther honored in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints?
In what calendar is Luther honored on 18 February?
When is Luther commemorated in the Church of England's Calendar of Saints?
In what calendar is Luther commemorated on 31 October?
How is Luther commemorated on 18 February?
What is another name for Southern California?
How many counties make up Southern California?
What is Southern California a major for the state of California and the United States?
What are the 8 counties of Southern California based on?
What is the more extensive 10-county definition of SoCal based on?
What is one of the 11 megaregions of the United States?
How many megaregions are there in the US?
Along with Las Vegas and Tijuana, what state is part of the Southern California Megaregion?
What border does the Southern California Megaregion cross into Tijuana?
What city is south of the Southern California Megaregion?
Along what coast does Southern California stretch?
How many metropolitan areas does Southern California have?
How many people live in the Los Angeles metropolitan area?
What is the largest metropolitan area in Southern California?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What river is at the border with Arizona?
What desert is to the east of the border with Arizona?
What desert is at the border with Nevada?
What border is to the south of the state of Nevada?
What state is San Diego in?
What is the population of Los Angeles?
What is the most populous city in California?
Which city is the second most populous in California?
To what direction is San Diego located in California?
What is the most populous county in California?
In what country are the counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside in the top 15 most populous counties
Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous of what?
What is the number of most populous counties in the United States?
Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous of what?
What is the name of the district within Los Angeles that is associated with the motion picture industry?
Where is the motion picture, television, and music industry centered?
What company owns ABC?
Along with motion picture, television, and television, what industry is centered in Los Angeles?
What major record company is based in Los Angeles?
What type of skateboarder is Tony Hawk?
What famous skateboarder lives in southern California?
What famous snowboarder lives in southern California?
What is the only island with more famous surf breaks than Southern California?
What is the name of the annual yacht race from Los Angeles to Hawaii?
What desert city is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces?
What do many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for?
What part of the California coast is popular for its beaches?
What is another reason Palm Springs is popular?
What is the latitude of California's north-south midway point?
How many miles south of San Jose is California's north-south midway point?
How many counties are in southern California?
What mountain range is the northern boundary of southern California?
What part of the state is the Tehachapi Mountains considered the northern boundary of?
What country ruled California before the United States?
What was the name of the division of southern California?
What was the name of the city in the upper part of Alta California?
What was the name of the Compromise of 1850?
What type of state did California become after the Compromise of 1850?
What were Californios unsatisfied with about land laws?
Where did pro-slavery southerners live in southern California?
How many times did Californios and pro-slavery southerners try to achieve statehood or territorial status in the 1850s?
What percentage of voters approved the Pico Act of 1859?
Who was a strong advocate of the Pico Act of 1859?
What newspaper defined southern California in 1900?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times define southern California?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times add a new county to its southern California list?
What county was added to the Los Angeles Times list in 1999?
How many counties did the Los Angeles Times define southern California as in 1900?
Who most commonly divides California into three regions?
What is another name for the AAA Auto Clubs?
What is the number of regions that the AAA Auto Clubs divide the state into?
What geographical phrase would split the southern region off at the crest of the transverse range?
Which region of California would the desert portions of north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino counties be included in?
Where does Southern California rank in terms of populated megalopolis in the US?
What has been left undeveloped?
What type of communities is southern California famous for?
Along with automobiles, what is Southern California famous for?
What type of region is San Diego-Tijuana?
What is the main gap to continued urbanization?
Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with what other area?
Who considers the Riverside-San Bernardino area as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County?
Along with Los Angeles County, what other county does many people commute to?
When were most of the non-desert portions of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties developed?
What type of climate does Southern California have?
What is the weather like in Southern California?
What is the temperature range in the summers in Southern California?
Is snow common in the Southwest of the state?
What is the average winter temperature in Southern California?
What ocean does Southern California cover?
What kind of collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes does Southern California have?
Along with geologic and natural landscapes, what type of landscape does Southern California have?
Along with the Transverse Ranges, what other mountain range is in Southern California?
What is the interior of Southern California called?
How many earthquakes does southern California have each year?
What is the size of most of the earthquakes in southern California?
What was the magnitude of the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
What did the 1994 Northridge earthquake cause the most of any earthquake in US history?
How much did the 1994 Northridge earthquake cause in property damage?
What Fault in California can produce a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?
What is the magnitude of the San Andreas Fault?
What is the name of the other Fault in California that can produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake?
What organization has released a California Earthquake forecast?
What does the USGS California Earthquake forecast model?
Along with culturally, politically, and politically, what is Southern California divided into?
What type of recognition does a city have in Southern California?
Along with culturally, politically, and politically, what is Southern California divided into?
In what year did the United States Census take place?
What is southern California known for?
What was the state average growth rate in the 2000s?
What type of economy does the Bay Area have?
What region of California is growing in the northern part of the state?
What are the eight metropolitan areas in Southern California called?
How many extended metropolitan areas are in Southern California?
What is the population of the two extended metropolitan areas?
What does the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form?
What is the population of the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What is the largest city in southern California?
How many people live in San Diego?
How many cities in southern California have more than 200,000 residents?
What is the population of a city in southern California?
Along with San Bernardino, what is the only city in southern California that is not close to the coast?
What is Southern California's economy heavily dependent on?
What is Southern California famous for?
What was Southern California a leader in from 2001-2007?
What type of economy is Southern California?
How did the housing crash impact Southern California's economy?
Since what decade have motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing been major industries?
What is the economic status of the agricultural regions in the U.S.?
Along with cattle, what was a major industry in the region before it was turned into suburbs?
Along with citrus, what was a major industry in the region before it was turned into suburbs?
What industry continues to be a major factor in the region?
What type of district is Downtown Los Angeles?
What does CBD stand for?
What is the name of the central business district in Bakersfield?
What type of district is Downtown Burbank?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale, and Downtown Long Beach are all part of what area?
In what valley is Warner Center located?
What city has many business districts?
What type of districts are in Downtown San Bernardino?
What other city is in the San Bernardino- Riverside area?
What is the name of the business district in Downtown San Bernardino?
What county includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts?
Where are international corporations headquartered in Orange County?
Where is the Jamboree Business Parks located?
Along with Downtown Santa Ana and Newport Center, what district is in Orange County?
How is Orange County's business center developing?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
Where are most of the business districts located?
In what region of San Diego are some of the business districts located?
What is the central business district of?
What is the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume?
What is the second-busiest airport in the US?
Where does Los Angeles International Airport rank by international passenger volume?
What is the busiest single runway airport in the world?
What is the world's busiest general aviation airport?
What is the name of the commuter rail system?
How many lines does Metrolink have?
How many lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
Along with San Bernardino, Riverside, and Riverside, what other county is connected to Metrolink by the other line?
What is the busiest commercial port in Southern California?
What other port is in Southern California?
In what part of California is the Port of Los Angeles located?
What is the name given to the region that has gained use as a descriptor for its diversified technology and industrial base?
What type of universities are located on the Tech Coast?
What type of institutions are in the Tech Coast?
How many University of California campuses are in the Tech Coast?
How many California State University campuses are in the Tech Coast?
What league are the Los Angeles Rams and San Diego Chargers in?
What league are the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers in?
What sport does the Dodgers belong to?
What is the name of the NHL team in Southern California?
What is the name of the Major League Soccer team in Southern California?
What was the name of the MLS team that played in Los Angeles from 2005 to 2014?
How many Major League Soccer teams were in Los Angeles from 2005 to 2014?
When were Chivas USA suspended?
Where did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA play?
When is the second MLS team scheduled to return to Los Angeles?
What type of sports are popular in southern California?
What is the name of the university in southern California that has a rivalry with USC?
What is the name of the university that is located in Southern California?
What conference do the UCLA Bruins and USC Trojans belong to?
What division do the UCLA Bruins and USC Trojans belong to?
What is a growing sport in southern California?
At what level of school is rugby a growing sport in southern California?
What has rugby been added to many schools in southern California?
What is the name of the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
What is the name of the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
In what year did BSkyB acquire Sky Italia?
What did British Sky Broadcasting Group change its name to?
What was the new name of the United Kingdom operations of BSkyB?
In what year was Setanta Sports awarded two Premier League packages?
How many Premier League packages did Setanta Sports win in 2006?
Which company bid £4.2bn for a package of 120 premier league games across the three seasons from 2016?
How much did Sky pay for the remaining four Premier League packages?
What consortium was BSkyB excluded from being a part of?
What was the name of ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement?
How many BSkyB channels were available on Freeview prior to October 2005?
What channel replaced Sky Travel on Freeview?
What was Sky Three renamed to in 2011?
What did BSkyB initially charge additional subscription fees for using?
When did Sky launch a new TV advertising campaign targeting women?
How much can customers who do not subscribe to BSkyB's channels pay to enable Sky+ functions?
When did BSkyB discontinue the Sky+ Box?
What did BSkyB issue as standard?
What pay-TV scrambling system does BSkyB use?
Who owns the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system?
What company owns the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system?
Who has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their service?
What is the name of the Personal video recorder offered by BSkyB?
What did Virgin Media remove from its network on March 1, 2007?
In what year did BSkyB and Virgin Media become involved in a dispute over the carriage of Sky channels on cable TV?
What did Virgin Media claim that BSkyB did to their channels?
What type of content did Virgin Media claim was added to their new deal that was not previously carried by cable?
What type of channels did Virgin Media claim were included in their new deal?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "
In what year did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's trademark?
What was the new name of SkyDrive?
What was the new name of SkyDrive Pro?
What does SkyDrive stand for?
Who was the chief executive officer of BSkyB in 1993?
On what satellites did the new Sky Multichannels package broadcast?
When did BSkyB's analogue service close?
What platform replaced BSkyB's analogue service?
How many households did BSkyB reach by mid-1994?
What is another name for Sky UK Limited?
What type of company is Sky UK Limited?
How many customers did Sky have in 2015?
What was the most popular digital TV service in the UK in April 2007?
What is the name of the broadband router in the Sky Q range?
What do the Sky Q Mini set top boxes connect to?
What does the Sky Q Mini do?
When did Sky announce the Sky Q range of products and services?
When did Sky announce the Sky Q range of products and services?
What is the standard definition format used by Sky?
What type of soundtracks are available on Sky Movies and Sky Box Office?
What is Sky+ HD broadcast using?
What system do Sky Interactive services and 7-day EPG use?
What standard does most of the Sky+ HD material use?
When was Sky Digital launched?
What satellite did Sky Digital use?
What was the name of the second satellite that was launched after the Astra 2A?
How many channels did Sky Digital have the potential to carry?
Where was the Astra 2A satellite located?
When did BSkyB launch its HDTV service?
How many people had registered to receive the Sky+ HD service prior to its launch?
What manufacturer did BSkyB buy its STB from?
How many customers had yet to receive the Sky+ HD service?
What was the total number of homes with Sky+HD?
When did BSkyB announce its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels?
When did Setanta Sports launch as a subscription service?
On what platform did Setanta Sports launch?
What did NTL change its name to?
What is one of the sport channels that would be offered by the new subscription channels?
What is another name for broadcasts that do not require a monthly subscription?
What does free-to-view require?
What is the name of the receiver that needs to be used to view encrypted content?
What band is the universal LNB?
What service is the VideoGuard UK equipped receiver dedicated to?
In what year were talks held for broadcast rights for the Premier League?
Who was the current rights holder for the Premier League?
What did ITV increase their offer to?
Who did BSkyB join forces with to make a counter bid?
How much did BSkyB pay for the Premier League rights?
From what organization is open access an enforced part of BSkyB's operating licence?
What is the fee for access to BSkyB's EPG?
How much control does BSkyB have over the presence of channels on their EPG?
Does BSkyB have any control over the content or carriage issues of third-party channels?
Does BSkyB have any control over the content or carriage issues of third-party channels?
When was BSkyB's digital service officially launched?
What was the name of BSkyB's digital service?
What was the new name of the interactive service called?
What was the name of ITV Digital before it became ITV Digital?
How many digiboxes were sold within 30 days?
When was Virgin Media re-branded?
What company was re-branded in 2007 from NTL:Telewest?
What service did Virgin Media use to carry a modest selection of HD content?
What was the only linear HD channel offered by Virgin Media from 2006 to 2009?
What HD channel did Virgin Media have the option to carry?
How many homes did BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service reach in 2010?
How many people did BSkyB say its reach into 36% of households represented?
When was the target of reaching 36% of households in the UK first announced?
What percentage of households did BSkyB reach?
What happened to the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe?
What was the name of the program proposed by Alec Shelbrooke?
What could a "Welfare Cash Card" be used to buy?
What did the UK's parliament say about a subscription to BSkyB?
What did the UK government's benefits agency check to determine if a single mother was living alone?
What did the UK government claim that a subscription to sports channels would betray in a single mother's household?
What is the annual carriage fees for the channels?
Is there any indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content offered by BSkyB?
What company did BSkyB agree to terminate all High Court proceedings against?
Who previously offered Video On Demand and High Definition content?
What type of channels did BSkyB and Virgin Media agree to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other?
What type of economy is Victoria?
Where is Victoria's total gross state product ranked in Australia?
Where does Victoria rank in terms of GSP per capita?
What city is known as the "sporting capital of Australia"?
What is the largest stadium in Australia?
Where is the legacy of Chinese miners particularly strong?
Where were the Lambing Flat riots?
Where did a riot occur in 1857?
How many miners were killed by typhoid at Buckland Valley in 1854?
What were the conditions on the gold fields?
What type of representation system was used in the 2006 Legislative Council elections?
How many electorates are there in Victoria?
How many representatives are in each electorate?
How long is the term of office for upper house members?
How often do elections for the Victorian Parliament occur?
What is the name of Victoria's main political party?
Which political party is strongest in Melbourne's eastern and outer suburbs?
Which party is strongest in North Western and Eastern rural regional areas?
Which party is strongest in inner Melbourne?
What party is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs?
What percentage of Victorians describe themselves as Christian?
What percentage of Victorians are Roman Catholics?
What is the state's largest non-Christian religion?
How many Victorians are Buddhists?
What percentage of Victorians claim no religion?
In what part of Australia is Victoria located?
What is Victoria's population ranking in Australia?
Where does Melbourne rank among Australia's largest cities?
What is Australia's second-largest city?
Where does Melbourne rank in terms of population in Australia?
What were the Aboriginal peoples of Victoria known as before European settlement?
When did Great Britain claim the entire Australian continent?
What was the name of the wider colony that Victoria was included in?
Where did the first settlement in the area occur?
When did the first settlement in the area occur?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of Victorian farmland is sown for wheat?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for hay?
What percentage of Australian pears are produced by Victorian farms?
How many tonnes of tomatoes were produced by Victorian farmers last year?
When was Victoria's written constitution enacted?
What was Victoria's written constitution based on?
Who can amend the Victorian Constitution?
What provisions of the Victorian Constitution require an absolute majority in both houses?
What was the name of the 1855 colonial constitution passed by the United Kingdom Parliament?
The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's what?
What is the average summer temperature in the Mallee and upper Wimmera regions?
What is the average winter temperature in Victoria?
What was Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II?
In what year was Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II recorded?
What are public schools also known as?
Who runs public schools in Victoria?
What are levied on public schools in Victoria?
What is the name of the church that runs private schools in Victoria?
What standards do all schools in Victoria have to follow?
What are Ford, Toyota, and Holden?
What year did Toyota say it would close its Victoria plant?
When did Holden announce its closure?
When will Ford's Victorian plants close?
What car brand closed its plant in Geelong in October 2016?
How high do the Victorian alpine areas rise?
What is the highest peak in Victoria?
How high is Mount Bogong?
What does Victoria have?
What is the state bird of Victoria?
What is the coldest part of Victoria?
What mountain system is the Victorian Alps a part of?
In what direction does the Great Dividing Range extend through the centre of Victoria?
What is the average temperature in the highest parts of the Victorian Alps?
What was the lowest temperature recorded in Victoria?
What type of lines do private and public railway operators operate over in Victoria?
What is the name of the major railway operator in Victoria?
Who owns V/Line?
What does CFCL Australia operate?
What type of service does Metro Trains Melbourne provide?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian House of Representatives?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian Senate?
What is the lower house of Victoria's Parliament?
What is the upper house of Victoria's Parliament called?
Who is the Governor of Victoria?
When were writs issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council?
In what year was the first Victorian Legislative Council established?
What did the discovery of gold in Victoria trigger?
How much did the population of Victoria increase in ten years?
How many ounces of gold did Victoria produce from 1851-1860?
How many public schools did Victoria have as of August 2010?
How many Catholic schools did Victoria have as of August 2010?
How many students were enrolled in public schools in Victoria as of August 2010?
How many full-time teachers does Victoria have?
What percentage of private students in Victoria attend Catholic schools?
What state is the center of dairy farming in Australia?
How many dairy cattle does Victoria have?
What percentage of Australia's dairy cattle are in Victoria?
What percentage of Australia's milk is produced in Victoria?
Where is most abalone and rock lobster exported to?
What is the broad gauge of Victorian lines?
What is the standard gauge of the interstate trunk routes?
What gauge do two tourist railways operate over?
Where were the former government-owned lines built?
How many former government-owned lines were built in mountainous areas?
When was the colony of New South Wales founded?
What was the eastern half of Australia called in 1788?
What was the western half of Australia called?
Where was the colonial government of New Holland located?
In what year did the Eureka Stockade take place?
Who crushed the Eureka Stockade?
What was the name of the miners' rebellion against mining taxes?
What did the Eureka Stockade cause the colonial authorities to reduce?
What did the Imperial Parliament pass in 1855?
The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with what number of seats?
Who is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly?
What does the cabinet of Victoria consist of?
Who is the current Premier of Victoria?
What type of representatives are in the cabinet of Victoria?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production during 2003-04?
By what percentage did the gross value of Victorian agricultural production increase during 2003-04?
How many farms were in Victoria in 2004?
How many square kilometres of Victorian land were occupied by farms in 2004?
How much of the state's land surface is occupied by farms?
What do major events play a big part in in Victoria?
Along with cultural tourism, what type of tourism plays a big part in Victoria?
Where are most of the major events in Victoria located?
Where do the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix occur?
What is the name of the popular surfing festival in Bells Beach?
Where were the Huguenots concentrated?
How many French Catholics were Huguenots?
When were the Wars of Religion fought?
What was the name of the edict that ended the Wars of Religion?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
What was the original meaning of the term Huguenot?
What was John Calvin's adopted home?
Who was a Swiss politician?
What was the name of the plot in 1560 to wrest power from the House of Guise?
When was the Amboise plot?
What was important to the spread of the Protestant movement in France?
When was a French version of the Bible created?
Who created a French version of the Bible in 1294?
When was the first French version of the Bible printed?
Where was the French version of the Bible printed in 1487?
What was Montpellier one of the most important of?
What was among the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté"?
What decree ended Protestant rule in 1629?
When did a siege of Montpellier take place?
When was the Edict of Alès issued?
Where did individual Huguenots settle?
Where did Maria de la Queillerie settle?
Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
What company did the first group of Huguenots set sail to?
As late as what year did some Huguenots arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
When did the Huguenots sail to North America?
Who led the Huguenots to North America?
What was the name of the French church established by the Huguenots?
What is the current name of the Huguenot church in New Amsterdam?
Where did the Huguenots first live?
Where did several Huguenot families immigrate to after the Edict of Nantes?
Who did the Huguenots purchase the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations from?
Where was Rev. Elie Prioleau from?
In what year did the Huguenots petition the British Crown for the right to own land in the Baronies?
Where did many Huguenots settle in the early years?
Who formed the League of Augsburg?
What did William III of Orange become?
What coalition did William III of Orange form?
What country did the French attack in 1672?
When did the French attack the Dutch Republic?
What did Louis XIV issue in 1685?
When was the Edict of Fontainebleau issued?
Who issued the Edict of Fontainebleau?
How many Huguenots fled France by the early 18th century?
What church opposed the Huguenots?
What was the height of the persecution of the Huguenots?
How many people were killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
What did the Huguenots use to retaliate against the French Catholics?
Why were the Huguenots attacked?
When did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
Where did the Huguenot rebellions take place?
Who was a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism?
Who was Henry IV's successor?
What was the name of the three civil wars that broke out between 1621 and 1629?
How many Protestants live in modern France?
What percentage of France is Protestant?
Where are most Huguenots concentrated in France?
What mountain region in the south of France still considers itself a Huguenot?
Where is the Huguenot Society of Australia located?
What did the Huguenots call their town?
Where is the oldest street in the United States?
Where is the oldest street in the United States?
What does the "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz contain?
On what island did a small group of Huguenots settle?
Which country received the largest group of Huguenot refugees?
How many Huguenot refugees came to the Dutch Republic?
What was the population of the Dutch Republic in 1715?
Which two areas were the first to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants?
What caused the largest group of Huguenot refugees to arrive in the Dutch Republic?
Where did the prétendus réformés gather at night?
What was the name of the gate of King Hugo?
Who was rumored to haunt Huguon?
What were the people who gathered at night in Tours called?
When did the prétendus réformés gather in Tours?
Where is there evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots?
What was the name of the half-timbered house by the river?
What was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the City?
Where did the Huguenots settle?
What has the Weavers been used for?
Where is French Church Street located?
Where did Huguenots serve as mayors in the 17th and 18th centuries?
In what city was D'Olier Street named after a High Sheriff?
Who was D'Olier Street named after?
When was the French church in Portarlington built?
What did the exodus of Huguenots from France create?
Where did the French crown refuse to allow non-Catholics to settle?
What group of people did the French crown refuse to allow to settle in New France?
The French and Indian War was the North American front of what war?
When did the British defeat New France?
Who issued the Edict of Nantes?
When was the warfare definitively quelled?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
What did the Edict of Nantes discourage?
What religion did Henry of Navarre abandon?
What did the revocation of Protestant services require?
What did the revocation of Protestant services do?
How many Huguenots emigrated to the North American colonies?
What were the Huguenots who stayed in France called?
Where did many of the Huguenots flee to?
Where did the first Huguenots seek freedom from persecution?
When did the French colonisers arrive in Brazil?
What was the name of the French colony in Brazil?
When was Fort Coligny destroyed?
What was the name of the first Protestant confession of faith in the Americas?
What language do many families in South Africa speak today?
What industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots?
Where in South Africa do many of the farms still bear French names?
What do many Afrikaans-speaking families have that indicates their French Huguenot ancestry?
Who was descended from Huguenot refugees?
Who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina?
Where is the last active Huguenot congregation in North America?
What is the name of the Huguenot church in Virginia?
What state is the largest chapter of the Huguenot Society of America?
What industry did some Huguenots settle in Bedfordshire?
What style of lace demonstrates a Huguenot influence?
How many Huguenots settled in Dover in the 19th century?
When did Mechlin lace develop?
What two new neighbourhoods did the Huguenots create in Berlin?
By 1700, what percentage of Berlin's population was French speaking?
Why did the Huguenots switch to German?
When did the Huguenots switch to German?
What were some of the congregations founded by the Huguenots?
Where did the Huguenots flee to?
What region of France did the Huguenots remain in?
What group rioted against the Catholic Church in the region?
What did the Camisards riot against?
Between what years did French troops hunt down the Camisards?
What is the current name of Fort Caroline?
Who was the leader of the Norman Huguenots?
What was the name of the small colony established by the Norman Huguenots in 1564?
Who did the French attack in 1565?
In what year did a French naval attack against the new Spanish colony at St. Augustine fail?
What was the name of the French outpost founded on Parris Island?
Where was Charlesfort located?
Who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline?
When did Jean Ribault lead an expedition to explore Florida?
What prevented the return of the French Huguenots to North America?
Where did the French Huguenots migrate to in 1700?
Where did the English Crown promise land grants to the French Huguenots?
What was the name of the abandoned Monacan village?
How many Huguenots lived in Manakintown?
When did the Virginia General Assembly pass an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown?
When did the Dutch Revolt take place?
Who did Huguenots fight against in the Low Countries?
What was the name of the document written by William the Silent condemning the Spanish Inquisition?
Who was the leader of the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule?
What was the religion of the Dutch?
What act was passed in 1708 that caused an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons to flee to England?
In what year was the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act passed?
How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England?
Who was a leading Huguenot theologian and writer?
Along with criticism of the Pope, what did Andrew Lortie criticize during Mass?
What war did the Huguenot regiments fight in Ireland?
Who did the Huguenot regiments fight for?
Where were significant Huguenot settlements in Ireland?
What did the Huguenot settlements in Ireland contribute to the expansion of?
What industry did the Huguenots help to grow in Ireland?
Who arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community?
Who did Prince Louis de Condé arrange to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland?
What type of work did the Condés establish?
When did some members of the Huguenot community emigrate to the United States?
When did Prince Louis de Condé establish a Huguenot community in Saarland?
Where did the bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
What religion did most of the Huguenot émigrés move to?
Where were the Huguenot émigrés allowed to worship freely?
Where did the Huguenot émigrés spread beyond Europe?
What did the Huguenot émigrés do in Quebec?
Who was the king of France before the Reformation?
What argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet?
Who is one of the supporters of the Hugues hypothesis?
What does Janet Gray believe the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to?
What do some disagree with about the origins of the word Hugues?
Who was a professor at the University of Paris?
Where was Jacques Lefevre a professor?
When did Lefevre publish the whole Bible in the French language?
Who was a student of Lefevre?
Who was another student at the University of Paris that converted to Protestantism?
When did the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre take place?
Who killed the Huguenots?
How many Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse?
When was an amnesty granted for the perpetrators of the Massacre?
How many Protestants were killed in Paris by 17 September?
Who gained the throne in 1643?
What did Louis XIV do when he gained the throne?
How did Louis XIV first try to convert the Huguenots to Catholicism?
What did Louis XIV do to Huguenot schools?
What did Louis XIV call the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes?
What county is New Rochelle located in?
What was the name of the peninsula where the Huguenots landed?
Who did the Huguenots purchase land from?
What was New Rochelle named after?
What was the name of the third church built in New Rochelle?
What did most of the Huguenot congregations do?
What did the Huguenots do that led to assimilation?
Who established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills?
When did the descendants of the Huguenots continue to use French first names and surnames?
What did E.I. du Pont establish?
Who was one of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands?
Where did Pierre Bayle start teaching?
What did Pierre Bayle write?
Where did Pierre Bayle's Historical and Critical Dictionary become one of the 100 foundational texts?
What is the name of the Huguenot patron?
What was established by Royal Charter in 1550?
When was the French Protestant Church of London established?
Where is the French Protestant Church of London now located?
Where did Huguenot refugees flock to?
When was the Old Truman Brewery founded?
In what states did Huguenot refugees find a safe haven?
Where did Huguenot refugees find a safe haven?
What was the name of the document that granted the Huguenots special privileges?
Who was Frederick William?
What did the Huguenots do for Frederick William's army?
Who invited Huguenots to settle in his realms?
What famous German poet was a Huguenot?
Who was a notable Luftwaffe General and fighter ace?
Who was the last Prime Minister of the East German Democratic Republic?
What position did Thomas de Maizière hold?
Along with nuclear power and geothermal energy, what is a non-combustion heat source that can be used in a steam engine?
What is the ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze the steam engine process called?
What does water transform into in the Rankine cycle?
At what pressure does the Rankine cycle operate?
What type of engine is a steam engine?
What was the first commercially successful true engine?
Who invented the atmospheric engine?
When was the atmospheric engine invented?
What was the atmospheric engine an improvement over?
Who proposed a piston as an improvement to Savery's steam pump?
Where was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
When did the world's first railway journey take place?
Where did the first steam locomotive travel to?
In what country did the first steam locomotive travel from Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon?
In what part of Wales was the first steam locomotive built?
What is used to recycle or top up the boiler water?
What type of pumps are used in industrial boilers?
When did injectors become popular?
What is the only use for an injector?
What is an injector used to supply?
How many expansion stages does a triple and quadruple expansion engine use?
What is another name for a multiple expansion engine?
In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used?
What type of engines used the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system?
What class of passenger liners used the 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine?
Along with poppet valve gears, what type of valve gears had separate admission and exhaust valves driven by trip mechanisms?
Along with Stephenson, Walschaerts and Corliss, what was an example of a simpler mechanism?
What is the usual compromise solution to the problem of separate admission and exhaust valves?
What may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox?
What happens to lead fusible plugs when the temperature of the firebox crown increases?
What happens when lead melts?
What do operators do when the lead melts and the steam escapes?
What does steam escape have little effect on in the smallest of boilers?
Who patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion?
What type of motion did James Watt's steam engine produce?
How many horsepower did James Watt's steam engine have?
By what year were engines that could provide 10,000 hp feasible?
The stationary steam engine was a key component of what?
In what century was the first recorded steam engine?
Who first described the aeolipile?
What was the nationality of the mathematician Hero of Alexandria?
Who described a steam turbine device in 1629?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont receive patents for fifty steam powered inventions?
What type of engines came into widespread use at the end of the 19th century?
What were the first stages of a compound engine called?
Where was it important to reduce the weight of coal carried?
Along with electric motors, what type of engines replaced steam engines in the early 20th century?
What did double and triple expansion engines reduce the weight of?
What type of engine replaced reciprocating engines in electricity generating stations early in the 20th century?
In what part of the 19th century did steam turbines begin to be used?
What is the maximum output of a reciprocating piston type steam engine?
What percentage of electric power is produced by steam turbines in the United States?
What type of power is produced by steam turbines?
What is the most common source of heat for a steam engine?
What is another name for a firebox?
What type of energy can be used to heat a steam engine?
What type of heating element can be found in a model or toy steam engine?
What is the most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines?
When were early versions of the steam engine indicator first used?
Who was the most successful inventor of the steam engine indicator?
Who developed the most successful indicator?
Where was the most successful steam engine indicator exhibited in 1862?
In the first type of Vauclain compound, the pistons worked in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank,
When a double expansion group is duplicated, the individual pistons within the group are usually balanced at what degree?
In the first type of Vauclain compound, the pistons worked in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank,
What is it called when the steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke?
How many piston strokes are there in a reciprocating piston engine?
How many rotation of the crank and two piston strokes does the complete engine cycle occupy?
How many events make up the complete engine cycle?
Along with admission, exhaust, compression, and exhaust, what is the fourth event in a reciprocating piston engine cycle?
What is a uniflow rotary steam engine that has steam intakes in hot areas, while exhausting in cold areas?
What type of cycle does a uniflow engine attempt to remedy?
What part of the uniflow engine is uncovered by the piston at the end of each stroke?
What type of steam engine does not require valves?
What is the pivot mounting of an oscillating cylinder steam engine called?
Along with toys, what are oscillating cylinder steam engines mainly used for?
Where are oscillating cylinder steam engines most often used?
What happens to the working fluid in a closed loop system?
What type of Rankine cycle is where the exhaust steam is directly released to the atmosphere?
What is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine?
What is the fluid of choice in an open loop system?
What limits the efficiency of a Rankine cycle?
What is the creep limit of stainless steel?
What is the creep limit of a steam turbine?
What is the theoretical Carnot efficiency of a Rankine cycle?
What is the creep limit of stainless steel condenser temperatures?
What was the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution?
Along with railway locomotives, ships and road vehicles, what type of boat was powered by steam?
What was the name of a steam-powered automobile?
Along with mills and mines, where did steam engines drive machinery?
What did the use of steam engines in agriculture lead to?
What was the name of Trevorithick's locomotive?
Who built Salamanca?
What type of locomotive was Salamanca?
The Salamanca was used by what railway?
For what railway was the Locomotion built?
Who invented the Woolf high-pressure compound engine?
What nationality was Arthur Woolf?
What can be reduced by staging the expansion in multiple cylinders?
To derive equal work from lower-pressure steam requires a larger what?
In the 19th century, what percentage of the world's electric production was by use of steam turbines?
What type of engines are more efficient than steam turbines?
Along with reciprocating Diesel engines, what type of engine has replaced steam propulsion for marine applications?
In the 1990s about 90% of the world's electric production was by what type of turbines?
What has happened to the percentage of steam turbines used in electricity generation?
What is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine?
What is done with the waste heat from the Rankine cycle?
When did Rankine steam cycles generate about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world?
Along with coal and nuclear power plants, what type of power plants use the Rankine cycle?
What nationality was William John Macquorn Rankine?
What is the historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency?
What was the average duty of Watt's low-pressure engines?
What was the average duty of a Newcomen engine?
How many pounds of coal is one bushel of?
Who first introduced the concept of duty?
What type of steam engines are now used in power generation?
What type of steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century?
What type of steam engine is the majority of worldwide electric generation?
What type of engine replaced reciprocating piston type steam engines in the 20th century?
Who developed the first commercial steam-powered device?
What was the first commercial steam-powered device?
When was the first commercial steam-powered device developed?
Who improved the Savery engine to make it work?
Who described the improvement to the Savery engine in the Philosophical Transactions published in 1751?
Who was the first to patent a high-pressure engine?
Along with Richard Trevithick, who introduced engines using high-pressure steam in 1801?
When did Trevithick get his patent?
What was the purpose of a high-pressure engine?
What did the use of high-pressure steam provide for a given cylinder size?
What company in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam?
Where is Energiprojekt AB located?
How many cylinders does Energiprojekt's engine have?
How much steam does Energiprojekt AB use per kWh?
What is the efficiency of Energiprojekt's steam engine on high-pressure engines?
What do steam turbines in power stations use as a cold sink?
What is a dry cooling tower similar to?
Where is a dry cooling tower used?
What type of cooling tower is similar to an automobile radiator?
How many cubic metres of make-up water does a 700 megawatt coal-fired power plant use every hour for evaporative cooling?
What type of governor was adopted by James Watt for use on a steam engine?
Who was Watt's partner in building a flour mill?
Where did Boulton and Watt first see a centrifugal governor?
What was an example of an operation that a centrifugal governor was not suitable for?
What could the centrifugal governor not do?
After what year was compounding almost universal for marine engines?
What type of engine was not universally popular with compounding?
What was compounding perceived as in railway locomotives?
After what year was compounding not common in Britain?
For what type of engines was compounding common?
What can be done to help save steam?
What is the term for excessive compression when the exhaust event is too short?
If the exhaust event is too brief, the totality of the exhaust steam cannot do what?
What length do the simplest valve gears have during the engine cycle?
Who patented the first steam engine in 1606?
What nationality was Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont patent his steam engine?
In what year did Thomas Savery patent his steam pump?
When was Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine first used?
What are rotors in a steam turbine?
What are the rotors of a steam turbine mounted on?
What are stators?
Where are stators fixed to in a steam turbine?
What is the typical speed of a steam turbine?
What is the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant?
What has steam been largely superseded by for mobile applications?
What type of plant is used to generate most electric power?
What is the renewed interest in steam as a component of cogeneration processes known as?
Along with fuel sources, what has caused a renewed interest in steam?
What is an example of a pistonless rotary engine?
What does a pistonless rotary engine replace in a conventional reciprocating steam engine?
Along with wear, what was a major problem with a pistonless rotary engine?
When did James Watt die?
What did James Watt add to his engine to make it more powerful?
How much more coal did Boulton and Watt's early engines use than John Smeaton's?
What was the name of John Smeaton's engine?
What part of an atmospheric engine was pushed into a partial vacuum by air pressure?
How many independent mechanisms do steam engines have?
What type of safety valve was traditionally used to restrain the top of a boiler?
What type of safety valve is used today?
What must be broken before a spring-loaded safety valve can be adjusted?
What did early safety valves allow for?
What was the acme of the horizontal engine?
When was the Corliss steam engine patented?
How much less steam did the Corliss use?
How many valves did the Corliss steam engine have?
What award was given to Corliss?
What theory did the steam engine contribute to the development of?
Who discovered latent heat?
What did Watt's measurements on a model steam engine lead to?
Who discovered latent heat?
What did Watt discover?
What is one of the principal advantages of the Rankine cycle?
In what phase is the working fluid in during the compression stage of the Rankine cycle?
What percentage of the turbine power does the Rankine cycle consume?
What is the entry temperature of a gas turbine?
What type of pump is used to supply water to the boiler?
What do condensers do?
What is used to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point?
What is another name for a supply bin?
What is the name of the mechanism that moves fuel from a supply bin to the firebox?
What did land-based steam engines do to exhaust much of their steam?
Which country invented the steam turbine?
What type of warships used the steam turbine?
Along with warships, what type of ship used the steam turbine?
When was the HMS Dreadnought built?
What does a nuclear power plant heat to generate electricity?
What type of engine is used in most nuclear power plants?
What does a nuclear power plant use to generate electricity?
What type of propulsion is used by nuclear-powered ships and submarines?
In what country were steam turbine locomotives used for express passenger work?
What is the Rankine cycle sometimes referred to as?
Where is heat addition and rejection in the Rankine cycle located?
What does isobaric mean?
What is the term for the constant temperature process in the Carnot cycle?
In the Rankine cycle, the working fluid is received from the condenser in what form?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
Along with hydrogen, what is the most abundant element in the universe?
How many atoms of oxygen bind to form dioxygen?
How much of the Earth's crust is made up of oxide compounds?
What gas makes up 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere?
What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is diatomic oxygen gas?
What is the third most abundant element in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What is the current state of atmospheric oxygen?
What is oxygen's mass in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What group does oxygen belong to?
What does oxygen form with most elements?
Where does oxygen rank among the most abundant elements in the universe?
What is the name of the colorless and odorless diatomic gas that oxygen forms at standard temperature and pressure?
What is the process that releases oxygen?
What does photosynthesis use to produce oxygen from water?
What helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
What is the major constituent of water?
What is the major constituent of lifeforms?
What is the process that releases oxygen?
What is the major constituent of lifeforms?
What does O 3 stand for?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
Who refined Boyle's work by showing that fire requires only a part of air?
What is another name for spiritus?
When did John Mayow die?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
What is another name for spiritus?
In what century did Robert Boyle prove that air is necessary for combustion?
Along with combustion, what is nitroaereus consumed in?
Who refined Boyle's work by showing that fire requires only a part of air?
Who was the first to publish his findings?
What was Joseph Priestley's profession?
What does mercuric oxide stand for?
What did Joseph Priestley focus sunlight on?
What does HgO stand for?
What did Joseph Priestley call the gas he created?
When did Priestley publish his findings?
Why is Priestley usually given priority in the discovery of air?
What did Priestley find about the mouse that lived longer while breathing dephlogisticated air?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion?
Who conducted the first known experiment on the relationship between combustion and air?
When was Philo of Byzantium a Greek writer?
How did Philo of Byzantium surmise that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into fire?
Who conducted the first known experiment on the relationship between combustion and air?
What element did Philo incorrectly believe air was converted into?
What was the name of Philo of Byzantium's work?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion?
What did Philo of Byzantium experiment on the relationship between combustion and?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is oxygen?
What do high concentrated sources of oxygen promote?
What is released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What type of oxygen was used in the Apollo 1 capsule?
What is used as a fuel in the Apollo 1 capsule?
What was the normal normal pressure for the Apollo 1 capsule?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require?
What does concentrated O 2 allow to proceed rapidly and energetically?
What is used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require?
Who was killed in a launch pad test?
What is found in granite and quartz?
What does CO 2 stand for?
What part of the Earth is made of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What does CO 2 stand for?
What is composed of oxides of silicon?
What part of the Earth is made of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What part of the Earth is made of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What type of silicate minerals make up the rest of the Earth's crust?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were what?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that atoms in compounds would normally have what type of atomic ratios with respect to one another?
What did John Dalton assume water's formula to be?
What did Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt show that water is formed of two volumes of?
What is the name of the law that Amedeo Avogadro used to determine water's composition?
What was thought to be the main component of highly combustible materials?
What type of material is iron?
What did not play a role in phlogiston theory?
What was one of the first clues that the phlogiston theory was incorrect?
What did most common objects appear to do when they burn?
What is the bond in dioxygen called?
How many oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other in dioxygen?
What is another name for a sequential, low-to-high energy double bond?
How are the two oxygen atoms bonded to each other in dioxygen?
The covalent double bond in dioxygen results from the filling of what?
When was oxygen discovered?
When was oxygen discovered?
Why is Joseph Priestley often given priority over Scheele?
Who coined the name oxygen?
What theory of combustion and corrosion did Lavoisier discredit?
What is a configuration with two unpaired electrons and orbitals of equal energy called?
What is the ground state of the O 2 molecule referred to as?
What prevents spontaneous combustion?
What type of combustion does triplet oxygen prevent?
What is the effect of partially filled orbitals on the bond order?
What did Lavoisier discover was a mixture of two gases?
What did Lavoisier observe when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
What did Lavoisier observe when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
When was Lavoisier's book published?
What did Lavoisier use to prove air is a mixture of two gases?
What is another name for trioxygen?
What type of oxygen is ozone?
What is ozone damaging to?
What does the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere function as for the planet?
What is another name for ultraviolet radiation?
What is the common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth called?
What is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere?
What part of the Earth's atmosphere is dioxygen?
Why is O2 used by complex forms of life?
What is the biological role of O2?
Who was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was James Dewar able to produce liquid oxygen?
When was the first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen developed?
What type of welding was first demonstrated in 1901?
What is more soluble in water than nitrogen?
What is the solubility of oxygen in water dependent on?
How much oxygen does freshwater contain per liter?
What type of water contains about 4.95 mL of oxygen per liter?
How much more oxygen dissolves at 0 °C than at 20 °C?
Where does oxygen rank among chemical elements in the universe?
Where does oxygen rank among the most abundant chemical element in the universe?
What percentage of the sun's mass is oxygen?
What is the major component of the Earth's crust?
How is oxygen produced on Mars and Venus?
In what century did scientists realize that air could be liquefied?
By the late 19th century scientists realized that air could be liquefied by doing what two things?
Who discovered liquid oxygen?
How much of liquid oxygen was produced in Cailletet's method?
When was oxygen liquified in stable state for the first time?
What planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the Earth?
What isotope does the Sun have a higher proportion of than the Earth?
What spacecraft returned a silicon wafer to Earth?
What process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains that formed the
What planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the Sun?
What is the name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O 2 in which all the electron spins are paired?
What is singlet oxygen more reactive towards than molecular oxygen?
During what process is singlet oxygen formed in nature?
How is singlet oxygen produced in the troposphere?
What plays a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen and converting it to the unexcited ground state?
Who measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what the climate was like
What do Paleoclimatologists use the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 to determine about millions of years ago?
What percentage of water molecules in seawater have heavier oxygen-18 than oxygen-16?
What isotope of oxygen does snow and rain leave behind?
When does snow and rain leave behind water that is higher in oxygen-16 than oxygen-18?
At what wavelengths do the two spectrophotometric absorption bands peak?
What is it possible to monitor from satellites on a global scale?
Where have scientists proposed using the radiance coming from vegetation canopies to characterize plant health status?
On what scale is it possible to monitor the carbon cycle from satellites?
What type of scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies to characterize plant health status?
What are O 2 molecules in the triplet form?
What is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight?
What type of electrons have spin magnetic moments in O 2 molecules?
When is oxygen paramagnetic?
What is liquid oxygen attracted to to support its own weight?
What are reactive oxygen species?
What do reactive oxygen species do?
What do plants hypersensitive response to?
What type of organism is oxygen toxic to?
When did O 2 begin to accumulate in the atmosphere?
At what temperature does oxygen condenses?
What is the color of liquid and solid O 2?
What is used to produce high-purity liquid O 2?
What is used as a coolant to produce liquid oxygen?
What must oxygen be segregated from?
In what type of body of water does free oxygen occur?
At what temperature does O 2 have more solubility?
Why do polar oceans support a higher density of life?
What does eutrophication stimulate?
What is the term for the amount of O 2 needed to restore water to a normal concentration?
When did photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolve?
During what eon did free oxygen first appear in significant quantities?
What did free oxygen and dissolved iron in the oceans form for the first billion years?
When did free oxygen reach 10% of its present level?
When did free oxygen begin to outgas from the oceans?
What is the reason for the unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth?
What type of cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth?
How many main reservoirs are on Earth?
What is the main driving factor of the oxygen cycle?
What gas does photosynthesis release into the atmosphere?
What absorbs the nitrogen and delivers a gas stream that is 90% to 93% O 2?
What percentage of O 2 gas is produced by passing a stream of clean, dry air through a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves?
What gas is released from one bed of the zeolite molecular sieves?
What type of technologies are increasingly used to produce oxygen gas?
What is the other method of producing O 2 gas?
What is electrolysis of into molecular oxygen and hydrogen?
What are the molecular formulae of O 2 gas?
What type of electricity must be used to produce oxygen gas?
What does electrocatalytic O 2 evolution come from?
What type of catalysts can be used in oxygen generators?
What type of use has oxygen had?
What is the supposed effect of oxygen?
What do professional athletes claim to get a boost from wearing oxygen masks?
What is the most likely explanation for the pharmacological effect of oxygen?
What type of exercise is the only one that is believed to produce a performance boost from enriched O 2 mixtures?
What uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O 2 around the patient and, when needed, the medical staff?
What does increased O 2 concentration in the lungs displace from the heme group of hemoglobin?
What causes gas gangrene?
What is it called when a diver decompresses too quickly after a dive?
What is used to treat emphysema?
What part of the body does oxygen supplementation help to reduce the work load on?
What is used to treat emphysema?
What is the essential purpose of oxygen?
What type of oxygen does the body not take up and use?
Why does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
What is the mineral wüstite written as?
What is the surface of most metals coated with when oxidized?
What does the coating of oxide on the surface of metals slow?
What is an emergency supply of O 2 automatically supplied to passengers of commercial airplanes in case of?
What type of oxygen generators are above each seat?
What type of reaction produces a steady stream of oxygen gas?
What is produced by the exothermic reaction?
What is one way that oxygen is used?
What type of tankers are used to refill bulk liquid oxygen storage containers?
What type of oxygen is often transported in bulk?
What form of oxygen is used in portable medical applications?
Along with hospitals, what institutions have a need for large volumes of pure oxygen gas?
What do methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, furan, THF, diethyl ether, dioxane
What contain oxygen?
What are acetone and phenol used as in the synthesis of many different substances?
What are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms?
What are the classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
Where is oxygen found?
How many common complex biomolecules contain no oxygen?
Which organic compounds with biological relevance contain the largest proportion of oxygen?
All fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and what else contain oxygen?
In what part of the body is calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite found?
What can also occur in deep scuba diving and surface supplied diving?
What is the name of the permanent condition that can result from prolonged breathing of O 2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa?
What is the maximum partial pressure of O 2 that can cause convulsions?
What is the most feared effect for divers?
What is the most feared effect of oxygen toxicity for divers?
Why does breathing pure O 2 in space cause no damage?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in a spacesuit?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas in a spacesuits?
How much damage does breathing pure O 2 in space cause?
How much more is the O 2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood compared to normal sea-level O2 partial pressure?
When can oxygen gas be toxic?
What is the maximum partial pressure at which oxygen toxicity can occur?
What is the composition of oxygen at standard pressure?
What type of device is not a problem for patients on?
What percentage of O 2 is used in medical applications?
When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?
By the end of the 1973 oil crisis, what was the price of oil globally?
In what year did the second oil crisis occur?
What was the 1973 oil crisis called?
What does OAPEC stand for?
Why did some European nations and Japan want to disassociate themselves from the United States foreign policy in the Middle East?
What did the Nixon administration do to address the conflict?
When did Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula?
When did Arab oil producers lift the embargo?
When did the US leave the Bretton Woods Accord?
What was the value of the dollar left to do?
What did industrialized nations do when they realized that currency values would fluctuate?
When did OPEC decide to price oil in terms of gold?
Why did the depreciation of the dollar and other currencies occur?
How much had the dollar price of oil risen from 1947 to 1967?
When did OPEC slow to readjust prices?
When did OPEC increase their prices?
Until what time did the price of oil remain stable?
When did Syria and Egypt launch a surprise attack on Israel?
What country was the world's second-largest oil exporter?
How much did the Shah of Iran say the West should pay for oil?
What country was the world's second-largest oil exporter?
What released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices?
Why did OPEC raise the price of oil?
When did OPEC raise the price of oil by 70%?
When did OPEC agree to continue to cut production in five percent monthly increments?
How much did Nixon ask Congress to appropriate in emergency aid to Israel?
What caused OPEC to raise the price of oil by 70%?
How much did Saudi Arabia spend in the ensuing decades to spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam?
What groups did the al-Haramain Foundation give money to?
In what region of the world did Saudi Arabia's arms purchases exacerbate political tensions?
What was the cause of the lower prices for export commodities?
What is the fundamentalist interpretation of Islam known as?
What caused recessions in the US?
What country was the US more concerned with the possibility of a superpower confrontation with?
Before what year did the US and the USSR have a negotiated settlement?
Who was the leader of the US in 1973?
What had a negative influence on the US economy?
What industry was affected by the price increases?
What consisted of inflationary and deflationary impacts?
In what rugged terrain did oil companies look for new ways to increase oil supplies?
How long did it take to find and develop new oil fields?
Which member of the EEC faced a complete embargo?
What country did the UK and France refuse to allow to use their airfields?
Which country was traditionally an ally of Israel?
Who did Harold Wilson's government support during the Six-Day War?
Who was Harold Wilson's successor?
Which country was unaffected by the embargo?
What caused the change of government in the UK?
When did a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers occur in the UK?
Along with the UK, Italy, Switzerland and Norway, what country banned flying, driving and boating on Sundays?
Which country rationed gasoline and heating oil?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
What was the purpose of selling newly discovered oil at a higher price?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
How was scarcity addressed in many countries?
Who was the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
When did Nixon name William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
What was the purpose of the Federal Energy Office?
When did the American Automobile Association report that 20% of American gasoline stations had no fuel?
What was the national maximum speed limit in 1974?
What was the name of the law that imposed the 55 mph speed limit?
Who signed the National Highway Designation Act?
When did Bill Clinton sign the National Highway Designation Act?
When was the cabinet-level Department of Energy created?
What led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels?
What did the crisis-mentality thinking ignore?
Who has backed policies that are politically expedient, but whose prospects are doubtful?
Who was distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries?
Who ordered a British intelligence estimate of U.S. intentions?
How long did the American occupation of the Middle Eastern oilfields need to last?
Who did the US believe would be alienated by the occupation of the Middle Eastern oilfields?
Which country was the most dependent on Arab oil?
What percentage of Japan's imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970?
How much did Japan receive a production cut in December of 1973?
On what date did Japan say Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories?
By what date was Japan considered an Arab-friendly state?
What was one sign of insecurity in the region?
Which two countries became increasingly dependent on American security assurances to manage external and internal threats?
Which country purchased five times Israel's arms in 1979?
When did the Shah fail?
When did Wahhabi extremists seize the Grand Mosque in Mecca?
What did the crisis reduce the demand for?
What became mass-market leaders with unibody construction and front-wheel drive?
What type of engines were used in American cars?
Which country's imports became mass-market leaders with unibody construction and front-wheel drive?
When did Honda, Toyota, and Nissan open US assembly plants?
What was the name of the larger car introduced by Toyota and Nissan?
Along with air conditioning, AM-FM radios and central locking, what feature was added to the larger Japanese compacts?
Along with Infiniti and Acura, what Japanese luxury brand was established in the US?
Along with the Datsun Truck, what compact truck was introduced?
What did Mitsubishi rename the Forte to?
Who did Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu have joint partnerships with?
What did the introduction of the Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15 end?
What forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales?
How many passengers did the Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon have?
By what year had the average American vehicle moved 17.4 miles per gallon?
What luxury sedan became popular in the mid-1970s?
What was the only full-size model that did not recover after the 1973 crisis?
By what year had most "full-size" American cars shrunk?
In what year did Chrysler end production of full-sized luxury sedans?
What was the name of the 1974 compacts that were a precursor to the DOT "downsize" revision of vehicle categories?
In what year did OPEC lose its preeminent position?
When did the world price of oil decrease to less than $10 per barrel?
Why did Saudi Arabia increase production?
What was the world price of oil during the 1979 energy crisis?
What was the name of the project that put the first Americans in space?
Who carried out the Apollo program?
When was the first manned flight of Apollo?
Who was the president of the United States when the Apollo program was first conceived?
How many people were on Project Gemini?
When did the Apollo program run?
What program supported the Apollo program?
Who did the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project work with?
What was the name of the space station used by the Apollo Applications Program?
In what year did the Apollo 1 cabin fire occur?
What was the cause of the Apollo 1 cabin fire?
What forced the cancellation of three of the nine follow-on landings?
How many of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings?
What prevented the Apollo 13 landing?
What was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body?
What was the final mission to the Moon?
How many pounds of lunar rocks and soil did the Apollo 17 mission return to Earth?
What areas of technology did the Apollo program help to advance?
How many astronauts could the Mercury capsule carry on a limited Earth orbital mission?
How many astronauts would the Apollo capsule carry?
Who was the manager of the Apollo program?
What was one of the possible missions for the Apollo program?
When was the Apollo program conceived?
In what year was the Apollo program announced?
Who led NASA's own in-house spacecraft design studies?
How many study contracts were awarded?
Who was the Deputy Administrator of NASA in 1960?
Who was elected president in 1960?
Who did John F. Kennedy promise American superiority over in the fields of space exploration and missile defense?
Why did Kennedy not want to go to the Moon?
Who was the new NASA administrator?
What did Kennedy speak out against?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
How long after Gagarin's flight did the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics meet?
How did Kennedy respond to the news of Gagarin's flight?
On what date did Kennedy send a memo to Johnson asking him to look into the status of America's space program?
Who was the Vice President of the United States at the time of Kennedy's memo?
How long did it take for Johnson to respond to Kennedy's memo?
What did Johnson conclude about the US's space program?
Who was given authority to grow the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Where was the Space Task Group located?
Where was the Manned Spacecraft Center located?
What university donated land for the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Where was the Manned Spacecraft Center located?
Where was the Launch Operations Center located?
Who was the first director of the LOC?
What was Debus' first title at the LOC?
Who died on November 29, 1963?
How many launch pads were planned?
What was tested in two vacuum chambers?
What was the highest altitude the Apollo spacecraft could be tested?
How large was the Vertical Assembly Building?
Who did Administrator Webb recruit to help manage the Apollo project?
When did Webb announce Mueller's appointment as Deputy Associate Administrator?
Who was the previous Associate Administrator of Manned Space Flight?
Who did Webb appoint as Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
Where did Mueller have industry experience?
What branch of the military did Mueller work for?
Who did Mueller recruit to manage the Apollo program?
How long did Phillips manage the Apollo program?
What position did Schriever want Phillips to hold at NASA?
What did many engineers fear would be difficult in lunar orbit?
In what year was direct ascent favored by NASA?
Who was the Associate Administrator of NASA in 1961?
Who was the head of the ad-hoc committee?
When was the ad-hoc committee formed?
What center began to support LOR in late 1961 and early 1962?
Who was the deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight?
What does MSFC stand for?
Who was Kennedy's science advisor?
Who did Wiesner hire to chair his own "Space Vehicle Panel"?
Who did Golovin leave?
When was the formal announcement of NASA's decision to land men on the Moon?
Who was unwilling to settle the dispute once and for all in Kennedy's office?
What did Wiesner blurted out during a presentation by von Braun?
What does LEM stand for?
Who did NASA choose to build the Lunar Excursion Module?
What did the LOR method allow?
On what Apollo mission did an oxygen tank explosion leave the command ship without electrical power?
What did the Lunar Module provide to the crew?
In what year did the MSC study conclude that the Lunar Module could not be used as a lifeboat?
What shape did Faget use for the command module?
What was the name of the CSM?
How many men would the Lunar Excursion Module take to the lunar surface?
How many people could the Command Module carry?
Where did the Command Module land on Earth?
What was the exterior of the Command Module covered with?
What was carried to slow the Command Module's descent to splashdown?
How much did the Command Module weigh?
What supported the Command Module?
What was used for long-distance communications on the lunar flights?
What happened to the Service Module after re-entry?
How much did the Service Module weigh on the initial lunar flight?
What was carried on the extended lunar missions?
Who won the contract to build the CSM?
How much more thrust was the service propulsion engine needed for translunar flight?
When did a program definition study conclude that the initial design should be continued as Block I?
What was the name of the second stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle?
How many astronauts did the Lunar Module carry to the Moon?
Was the Lunar Module designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere?
How much did the initial Lunar Module weigh?
What was the maximum surface stay of an Extended Lunar Module?
Who was the Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center?
Where did Wernher von Braun work before moving to NASA?
When was the decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous made?
What did the first four Saturn I test flights carry?
When were the first five boilerplate CSMs launched into orbit?
What did the last three Saturn I test flights carry?
What did the Pegasus satellites measure?
What was an upgraded version of the Saturn I?
How much thrust did the S-IVB-200 produce?
What was the S-IVB used for on the Saturn V?
How many pounds could the Saturn IB send into low Earth orbit?
What was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon?
How tall was the Saturn V?
How many stages did the Saturn V have?
What did the second and third stages of the Saturn V burn?
What two projects were the Apollo astronauts chosen from?
How many missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans?
Who was the first NASA scientist to fly in space?
On what mission did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
On what mission did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
How many astronauts were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal?
What was the name of the highest honor given to the Apollo astronauts?
When were the Distinguished Service Medals awarded?
Why did the crew of Apollo 7 receive the lesser NASA Exceptional Service Medal?
Which mission was the last to receive the Distinguished Service Medal?
In what year were two Block I CSMs launched from the LC-34?
What was the altitude of the first Block I CSM launched from the LC-34?
How far did the second Block I CSM go?
Along with the Service Module engine, what part of the Command Module was tested on suborbital flights?
What type of LM test flight was AS-206?
What did the astronauts begin wearing on the first Block II mission?
What was replaced with a clear "fishbowl" type of helmet?
What did the lunar surface EVA suit include?
What was another name for LMP?
Who was the Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs?
What was Deke Slayton's first name?
In what year was the first Apollo crew selected?
Who was the first Pilot of the first Apollo crew?
What was the name of the first Apollo crew?
What happened to the AS-205 mission in 1966?
When was the AS-258 mission planned for?
What was the new name of the Apollo 1 mission?
What were Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham reassigned to?
Who was the program director of the North American program in 1965?
What was the name of the team that Samuel Phillips headed?
When was the Lunar Module supposed to be ready for manned flight?
Who was the Manned Space Flight Administrator in 1965?
Where did the Apollo 1 astronauts test their spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center?
Who decided to name their flight Apollo 1?
What did the "plugs-out" test simulate?
Where did the Apollo 1 astronauts train and conduct tests of their spacecraft?
What caused the first problem with the plugs-out test?
When did the plugs-out test begin?
What happened during the hold during the plugs-out test?
What happened to the astronauts when the hatch was opened?
What type of atmosphere was on the Moon during the plugs-out test?
Who oversaw the accident review board?
What did the accident review board conclude existed in the Command Module design, workmanship and quality control?
Who replaced Joseph Francis Shea?
When did NASA convene an accident review board?
What did the Block II spacecraft use instead of pure oxygen before and during launch?
What was removed from the Block II spacecraft to prevent fire?
What did the Block II design call for to replace the Block I plug-type hatch cover?
What did NASA do with the manned Block I program?
What type of space suits were used on the Block II spacecraft?
What did Mueller approve in September 1967?
What had to be accomplished before the next step could be performed?
What was used instead of numbers on the mission types?
What was the name of the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
What did the Command Module have that allowed it to survive a trans-lunar reentry?
When did the Apollo 6 mission take place?
What did NASA cancel after the Apollo 6 mission?
What was the first unmanned test flight of the LM in Earth orbit?
Where was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit launched from?
Who wanted a second unmanned test of the LM?
What was the result of the first test of the LM engines?
What is the abort mode of the ascent engine called?
How many Saturn Vs did the Apollo 8 mission have?
What was the name of the Soviet spacecraft that sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968?
On what day did the Apollo 8 mission orbit the Moon?
What did ASPO Manager George Low suggest to send Apollo 8?
Who did the Soviet Union plan to send to the Moon with?
What was the name of the Apollo 11 mission?
When did the G mission occur?
What did the Apollo 11 astronauts send back to Earth?
Who were on the Apollo 11 mission?
On what date did the Apollo 11 crew return to Earth?
On what Gemini mission did Pete Conrad and Alan L. Bean land on the Moon?
What was the name of the probe that landed on the Ocean of Storms?
What did Conrad and Bean do with some parts of the Surveyor 3?
What was the first lunar surface color television camera accidentally pointed into?
What did the final five missions of the Saturn V carry?
What was revised for the extended missions to allow greater flexibility and visibility for driving the LRV?
How many landing sites did NASA announce?
How long would the CMP stay on the Moon?
What did NASA plan to increase in the CSM and LM for the last five missions?
What caused the Service Module of the Apollo 13 mission to be disabled?
Who were on the remaining missions of the Apollo 13 mission?
What happened to the Apollo 13 mission after the oxygen tank exploded?
What part of the Apollo 13 spacecraft exploded two days out?
When was Apollo 13 launched?
What was the name of the first Apollo mission to orbit the Skylab?
What happened to NASA's yearly budget after the successful landing of Apollo 20?
What did the two unused Saturn Vs become?
In what year did NASA cancel missions 18 and 19?
How old are the rocks collected from the Moon compared to rocks found on Earth?
How old are the rocks from the highlands crust of the Moon?
What geochemical component was discovered on the Moon?
What was the name of the important rock found during the Apollo Program?
What is never seen on Earth rocks?
Almost all the rocks on the Moon show evidence of what?
What is impact melt?
What was the estimated cost of the Apollo program in 2005 dollars?
How many Saturn V rockets did NASA purchase?
What was the estimated cost of the Apollo program from 1959 to 1973?
What was the name of the Apollo Extension Series?
What was the name of the larger orbital workshop built from an empty S-IVB Saturn upper stage?
The most ambitious plan called for using an empty S-IVB as an interplanetary spacecraft for a fly-by mission to what
When did the S-IVB orbital workshop launch?
Where was the Skylab constructed?
When did the last Skylab crew leave the station?
What was the Skylab equipped with?
What was the name of the robotic probe that photographed the lunar surface in 2009?
Which of the Apollo missions was blown over on the Moon?
What is the current status of the colors of the flags left on the Moon by the Apollo 11 mission?
What was the name of the spacecraft that sent the first live pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth?
What book did the Apollo 8 crew read from?
How much of the world saw the broadcast of the Apollo 8 mission?
What did the Apollo 8 mission and Christmas provide to 1968?
What was used to record the Moon landing data?
What was the format of the Apollo TV camera?
What caused NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration?
What did NASA use instead of magnetic tapes?
Who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera?
Who compiled the original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11?
What was the goal of removing random noise and camera shake from the Apollo 11 video?
Along with tapes from Australia, the CBS News archive, and Johnson Space Center, what other recordings were used in the restoration of Apollo 11
Who was assigned to restore the Apollo 11 broadcast data?
What color was the Apollo 11 video restored in?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What is European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law in the European Union?
What are the secondary sources of European Union law?
What are the two main legislative bodies of the European Union?
What is European Union law?
What effect do Regulations and Directives have on the laws of European Union member states?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the two main legislative bodies of the European Union?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law in the European Union?
What are the two main legislative bodies of the European Union?
How many sources of European Union law are there?
Who applies European Union law?
Who is responsible for applying European Union law?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state?
What is the highest court that can interpret European Union law?
Along with case law and general principles of European Union law, what other sources of law are available to the Court of Justice?
Who applies European Union law?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state?
What is the highest court that can interpret European Union law?
Along with case law and general principles of European Union law, what other sources of law are available to the Court of Justice?
Who applies European Union law?
Who is responsible for applying European Union law?
What is the highest court that can interpret European Union law?
What are some other sources of European Union law?
What are the EU's primary constitutional sources?
Who has the initiative to propose legislation?
Who elects the European Parliament?
What is the supreme judicial body of the European Union?
What is the name of the body that appoints the Commissioners and the board of the European Central Bank?
What is the core treaty of the EU?
What is an example of a region that the TEU specifically excludes from the jurisdiction of European Union law?
What can the Court of Justice of the European Union do?
When can individuals rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union?
When do treaties apply?
What are the core treaties of the EU?
What are two territories where a member state is responsible for external relations?
How long do treaties apply to the European Union?
Who can interpret the Treaties?
How did the European Union begin?
What are the two main Treaties that formed the European Union?
When did Greenland sign a treaty giving it a special status?
When did Norway join the European Union?
Which country signed a treaty in 1985 giving it a special status?
What did the principal Treaties that form the European Union begin with?
When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
When was the Single European Act signed?
When did the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway join the European Union?
When did Greenland sign a treaty giving it a special status?
When was there an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent?
What caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to never come into force?
How did the Lisbon Treaty compare to the proposed constitutional treaty?
What was the Lisbon Treaty formally?
What did the Lisbon Treaty do?
What did the Nice Treaty attempt to do?
What would have been the result of the Nice Treaty?
What caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to never come into force?
What was enacted instead of the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe?
What is the main executive body of the European Union?
Who has a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How many Commissioners does the EU have?
Who is the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?
Which article of the Treaty on European Union states that Commissioners should be completely independent?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How are decisions taken by the European Commission?
Which country refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007?
Who are the unelected subordinates of member state governments?
What Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999?
What did the European Court of Justice decide in Commission v Edith Cresson?
Who found that few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
Who appoints the board of the European Central Bank?
Do the President of the Council and Commissioner of the European Central Bank have voting rights?
When was the Santer Commission censured by Parliament?
What was the name of the main case that resulted in the European Court of Justice holding that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job for which he
Who found that few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
What did the Committee of Independent Experts create?
When did the European Anti-fraud Office investigate John Dalli?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
What is one of the reasons that equality and democracy are deficient?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What percentage of the European Parliament can censure the Commission?
What is the principle of equality of its citizens?
Who has a monopoly on initiating legislation?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
When were the first direct elections for the European Parliament?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What is the largest party in the European Parliament?
Who makes up the European Council?
Who is the current President of the European Council?
How is voting weighted to member state size?
How many votes does the European Council have?
How many votes does the European Council have?
What is the second main legislative body of the EU?
How often does the European Council meet?
How many votes does the European Council have?
What does TEU article 16(4) and TFEU article 238(3) mean?
What percentage of MEPs must vote to block a Commission proposal?
What must the Council vote by to approve changes to legislation?
Is it easier or harder to change EU law than stay the same?
Which articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
Who believes it has the final say on the definition of the EU's competence?
What defines the "ordinary legislative procedure" that applies for most EU acts?
What does this mean?
Which articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
What is the name of the group that is convened when the different institutions cannot agree on a joint text?
What branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
How many judges are there in each member state of the EU?
Most EU law is applied by who?
What is the duty of the CJEU?
How has the judicial branch of the EU played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
What is the name of the tribunal that deals with EU staff issues?
How long is a president of the CJEU elected for?
What is the CJEU's duty?
What does the Court of Justice say has primacy in the EU if a provision of national law conflicts with it?
Why did the Italian Constitutional Court say Costa had no claim?
In Amministrazione delle Finanze v Simmenthal SpA, a company claimed that a public health inspection fee under
Who has had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems?
When was the first major case of Costa v ENEL?
Who said that EU law has primacy if it conflicts with national law?
What takes primacy over national law in the United Kingdom?
What do member states not believe the Court of Justice has the final say on?
When was the European Communities Act enacted?
What does the German Constitutional Court believe the EU's legitimacy rests on?
What does the German Constitutional Court say the EU cannot override?
What binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
In what year were citizens or corporations said to not be allowed to bring claims against other non-state parties?
What actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review?
What type of law binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
In what case was it held that the provisions of the Treaties are directly effective if they are clear and unambiguous?
What article of the TFEU prevented the Dutch Customs Authorities from charging tariffs on urea-formaldehyde plastics?
Who was Van Gend en Loos?
What are EU Regulations the same as?
What do not generally give citizens standing to sue other citizens?
How many paid holidays does the Working Time Directive require every worker to have each year?
Most member states require more than what in national law?
When did Advocate Generals argue that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?
What happens if a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met?
What is one way a citizen or company can invoke a Directive?
How many years did Kücükdeveci work for?
What company was Foster v?
What was the age limit that British Gas plc made for employees?
Who has a duty to interpret domestic law?
What did the First Company Law Directive article 11 require?
What did the Italian government fail to do?
How much did Francovich claim in damages from the Italian government?
Who developed the principles of European Union law?
What are some of the accepted general principles of European Union Law?
How long has proportionality been recognized by the European Court of Justice?
Where is the principle of proportionality recognized in the EC Treaty?
What must be adopted when there is a choice between several appropriate measures?
How long has the European Court of Justice recognized the concept of legal certainty?
The concept of legal certainty is an important general principle of what?
What must the adoption of laws which will have legal effect in the European Union have?
The doctrine of legitimate expectation has its roots in what principles?
Where does the European Court of Justice draw inspiration from?
What can the European Court of Justice not uphold measures which are incompatible with?
How many of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights?
Who should be prevented from violating human rights?
When was the European Convention on Human Rights established?
What did the European Court of Justice establish?
When did the European Council set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?
When was the Lisbon Treaty signed?
What has become an integral part of European Union law?
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has become an integral part of what?
Who is responsible for enforcing the Charter and the Convention under European Union law?
The Social Chapter is a chapter of what treaty?
When was the Treaty of Amsterdam signed?
When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?
How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?
How many pieces of legislation did the Social Charter become the basis for?
How many member states adopted the Social Charter in 1989?
Which country refused to sign the Social Charter and was exempt from legislation covering Social Charter issues?
What was the Social Charter included as in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty?
When was the Agreement on Social Policy added to the Maastricht Treaty?
What event in 1997 allowed the UK to formally subscribe to the Agreement on Social Policy?
In what year was the Agreement on Social Policy added to the Treaty of Amsterdam?
What law required workforce consultation in businesses?
When was the Parental Leave Directive passed?
What did the 1994 Works Council Directive require?
What countries signed the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) agreement?
When was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) agreement signed?
What did Article 65 of the ECSC ban?
Which article of the ECSC banned cartels?
When were competition rules included in the Treaty of Rome?
Where does the Treaty of Lisbon prohibit anti-competitive agreements?
What does Article 102 prohibit?
Which articles of the Treaty of Lisbon provide that a member state's right to deliver public services may not be obstructed?
Which article of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits the abuse of dominant position?
When was the concept of a "social market economy" introduced into EU law?
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
What is the goal of breaking down barriers to trade?
What was originally theorised that a customs union had a tendency to give way to what?
Which court has taken the view that the specific goals of free trade are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty for improvement of people's
How is free movement of goods within the European Union achieved?
Who could not get certificates from authorities in France?
Who can states be responsible for?
In what case were French farmer vigilantes sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries?
What did Austria fail to ban?
What was the minimum alcohol content of German liqueurs?
Where did Rewe-Zentrale AG want to import Cassis de Dijon?
In what year did the Court of Justice rule that cocoa products that included other vegetable fats could not be labelled as "chocolate"?
What was all Italian chocolate made from?
In Commission v Italy Italian law required that cocoa products that included other vegetable fats could not be labelled as "chocolate"?
Which two importers claimed that their prosecution under a French competition law was unlawful?
What was the aim of the law to prevent?
In what case did the Court of Justice review Swedish bans on advertising to children under 12?
Under what law did the EU harmonize restrictions on restrictions on marketing and advertising?
What did the Treaties seek?
What originally focused upon free movement of workers?
What was free movement increasingly based on?
In what case did a German man claim the right to residence in the Netherlands while he volunteered plumbing and household duties?
What did the Court of Justice hold about Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie?
Which articles set out the main provisions on equal treatment of workers?
What was the name of the Belgian footballer in the Belgian Football Association v Bosman?
What language did Groener v Minister for Education require him to speak?
In Angonese v Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano SpA a bank was not allowed to require Mr Angones
In Angonese v Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano SpA a bank was not allowed to require Mr Angones
What has increasingly been seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice?
What has citizenship of the EU increased?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students?
What has the Court of Justice required more access to?
What protects the "freedom of establishment" in article 49?
How would the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice be allowed?
What case held that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he lacked Belgian nationality was unjustified?
What article of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union protects the "freedom of establishment"?
What case held that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction?
When did a toxic waste spill off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire prompt the Commission to look into legislation against toxic waste?
What was Spain not even having a crime against?
When did the Court of Justice rule that the Commission could not propose what the criminal sanctions could be?
When was the competence for the Union to do this contested at the Court of Justice?
Who does the "freedom to provide services" under TFEU article 56 apply to?
Why did a Dutch lawyer move to Belgium?
What did the Court of Justice decide was controlled in all member states?
What did the Dutch health authorities consider unnecessary?
What newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands without first settling its tax bills in the UK?
How much capital did the UK require to start a company?
What was the minimum amount of capital a company could have to start in Denmark?
What could restrictions on freedom of establishment be justified by?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a German court could not deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract in Germany on
What is another name for the Amazon rainforest?
How much of the Amazon basin is covered by the rainforest?
How many nations are in the Amazon rainforest?
How many nations have "Amazonas" in their names?
How many rainforests are there?
What is the Dutch name for the Amazon rainforest?
What is the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world?
What country contains the majority of the Amazon rainforest?
How much of the planet's remaining rainforests does the Amazon represent?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon rainforest?
What type of forest is the Amazon rainforest?
How many square miles is the Amazon basin?
How many nations are in the Amazon rainforest?
What country contains the majority of the Amazon rainforest?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon rainforest?
What did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event cause?
What has happened to the climate over the last 34 million years
When did the Oligocene rainforest span a narrow band?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
How did the rainforest survive during the glacial periods?
What may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
From 66-34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as what temperature?
What has allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
During what period did the rainforest span a narrow band?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
What event may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
When did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
When did the rainforest expand again?
When did the rainforest retract to a mostly inland formation?
How long have climate fluctuations allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
What direction did the water flow from the Purus Arch?
What is the name of the lake that was created as the Andes Mountains rose?
When did water break through the Purus Arch?
What happened to the water that broke through the Purus Arch?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
What body of water did water on the eastern side of the Purus Arch flow toward?
What body of water did the western side of the Amazon flow toward?
Where did water on the western side of the Purus Arch flow to?
What is the name of the lake that was created as the Andes Mountains rose?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split by the Purus Arch?
What is the name of the structure that split the drainage basin of the Amazon?
What body of water did water on the eastern side of the Purus Arch flow toward?
What body of water did the western side of the Amazon flow toward?
What is the name of the lake that was created as the Andes Mountains rose?
What is another name for the LGM?
What did analyses of sediment deposits from the Amazon basin paleolakes and the Amazon Fan indicate?
What do some scientists argue happened to the rainforest during the LGM?
Is it easy or difficult to resolve the debate over the extent of the reduction of the Amazon rainforest?
What are the two explanations for the change in the Amazon rainforest?
How many years have there been significant changes in the Amazon rainforest?
What are the two major changes in the Amazon rainforest over the last 21,000 years?
What type of deposits from the Amazon basin paleolakes indicate that rainfall was lower during the LGM?
What is the most likely cause of the lower rainfall during the LGM?
How many years have there been significant changes in the Amazon rainforest?
What type of deposits from the Amazon basin paleolakes indicate that rainfall was lower during the LGM?
What type of vegetation was reduced during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What did some scientists argue the rainforest was reduced to small refugia?
Why is it difficult to resolve the debate of whether or not the rainforest was reduced to small refugia?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far does the dust travel from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Where do 27.7 million tons of dust fall over?
How much dust remains in the air?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How much dust falls over the Amazon basin?
How much dust remains in the air?
How much dust falls on the Caribbean Sea?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Who uses the CALIPSO satellite to measure the amount of dust transported from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far does the dust travel from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust falls over the Amazon basin?
What did Betty Meggers write?
What is the population density of the Amazon rainforest according to Betty Meggers?
What did Betty Meggers believe was needed to sustain a large population?
What type of findings have suggested that the Amazon rainforest was densely populated?
How many people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
Why was it thought that the Amazon rainforest could not sustain a large population through agriculture?
Who was a prominent proponent of the idea that the Amazon rainforest was sparsely populated?
What was Betty Meggers' maximum population density per square kilometre?
What did Betty Meggers write?
Who was a prominent proponent of the idea that the Amazon rainforest was sparsely populated?
What did Betty Meggers write?
What did Betty Meggers claim was the maximum population of the rainforest?
How many people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
What was the population of the Amazon in the early 1980s?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Orellana say that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon?
What is believed to have caused the demise of the Pre-Columbian civilization?
When were geoglyphs discovered in the Amazon?
Between what years were the geoglyphs discovered?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Francisco de Orellana travel the length of the Amazon River?
Between what years were the geoglyphs discovered?
Who discovered the geoglyphs in 1977?
How long has the Amazon rainforest been shaped by man?
What does Terra preta mean?
Where is Terra preta distributed in the Amazon forest?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow for in the previously hostile environment?
What tribe were the remains of some of the large settlements found in 2003?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe?
What is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow for in the previously hostile environment?
What tribe were the remains of some of the large settlements found in 2003?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe?
What was found in the remains of the Xingu tribe?
How many insect species live in the Amazon?
What percentage of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many of the fish species in the world live in the Amazon?
How many invertebrate species have been described in Brazil?
How many insect species live in the Amazon?
How many birds and mammals live in the Amazon?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many reptiles have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
What percentage of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many acres of the Ecuadorian rainforest was found to have more than 1,100 tree species in 2001?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many tonnes of living plants were found in one square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest in 1999?
What is the average plant biomass in the Amazon rainforest?
How many species of plants have been registered in the Amazon?
Where is the biodiversity of plant species?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many living plants can one square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass per hectare?
How many species of plants have been registered in the Amazon?
What type of eels can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill?
What is one of the largest predatory creatures in the rainforest?
What type of animal can bite and injure humans?
What do poison dart frogs secrete through their flesh?
What type of bats can spread the rabies virus?
What is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas called?
When was access to the forest's interior highly restricted?
What farming method was used in the 1960s?
Why were the colonists unable to manage their fields and crops?
What can be seen from outer space?
What was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
How many square kilometres of forest did the Amazon lose between 1991 and 2000?
What did most of the lost forest become?
Where does Brazil rank in the global production of soybeans?
What percentage of land in the Amazon has been used for livestock pasture since 1970?
Who has been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects that are currently developing in the Amazon?
What did the first two highways lead to?
What was the mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What happened to deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014?
How much higher was the deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What are environmentalists concerned about?
What do environmentalists fear will result in the loss of biodiversity?
What could accelerate global warming?
How much of the world's carbon does the Amazonian evergreen forests hold?
How much carbon does the Amazonian evergreen forests store?
What two conditions would cause the Amazon rainforest to become unsustainable?
What causes climate change?
By what year would the Amazon rainforest be almost completely lost?
How long could the rainforest be threatened by climate change?
What could threaten the rainforest in the 21st century?
What continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide?
Along with ethno-biology, what type of conservation efforts have gained attention?
What are the causes of the destruction of indigenous territories?
Which indigenous people continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival?
What type of indigenous peoples use non-human primates for subsistence and symbolism?
What is being used by the indigenous tribes to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests?
What tribe uses Google Earth to map their ancestral lands?
Where do the Trio Tribe live?
Why do the Trio Tribe map out their ancestral lands?
Why are the indigenous tribes of the basin using remote sensing?
What is crucial to accurately map the Amazon's biomass and carbon related emissions?
What does the classification of tree growth stages help map the Amazon's biomass?
Who organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
When did Kuplich organize the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
What type of radar did Kuplich use?
In what year did parts of the Amazon basin experience the worst drought in one hundred years?
Who argued in the article that the drought was pushing the rainforest to a tipping point?
What did the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research argue was pushing the rainforest towards a "tipping point"?
What is the Amazon on the brink of being turned into?
Who reported that the Amazon could survive only three years of drought?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience another severe drought?
How many square miles of rainforest was affected by the 2010 drought?
How many epicenters did the 2010 drought have?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience a drought that was more extreme than the 2010 drought?
How much carbon dioxide does the Amazon absorb in a typical year?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
Where do ctenophora live?
How large are ctenophores?
What is ctenophora?
What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What is the largest size of a ctenophora?
What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
What is the largest size of a ctenophora?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What are the Greek words for comb jellies?
Where do ctenophora live?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
How many ctenophores have not been fully described and named?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
What are little tentacles called in ctenophores?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What do ctenophores have retractable?
What do coastal beroids use to prey on other ctenophores?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are little tentacles called in ctenophores?
What do coastal beroids use to prey on other ctenophores?
What are sticky cells that capture prey called?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
What is it called when an animal can produce both eggs and sperm?
What do platyctenids' young look like?
Are juveniles capable of reproduction?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What is a simultaneous hermaphrodites?
What type of hermaphrodites have eggs and sperm mature at different times?
What type of annelids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate?
What is a hermaphrodites?
What is a simultaneous hermaphrodite?
What is sequential hermaphrodites?
What type of annelids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What type of annelids have small mouths and no tentacles?
Where was Mnemiopsis accidentally introduced?
What ctenophore is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse in the Black Sea?
What other factors contributed to the collapse of fish stocks in the Black Sea?
What do Beroe preys on?
What ctenophore is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse in the Black Sea?
What did Mnemiopsis eat that caused fish stocks to collapse?
Where do ctenophores occur in high numbers?
Where do ctenophores occur in high numbers?
What is a phytoplankton?
What ctenophore is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse in the Black Sea?
What is Mnemiopsis blamed for?
What helped to mitigate the problem of Mnemiopsis?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
How long ago were fossils of ctenophores found?
What did the fossils thought to be ctenophores lack?
How long ago were fossils of ctenophores found?
After what event did all modern ctenophores appear?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
What did the fossils thought to be ctenophores lack?
What are jellyfish, sea anemones, and ctenophores similar to?
How are ctenophores distinguished from all other animals?
What group of animals are ctenophores less complex than?
Which animal phylum is more complex than sponges?
What do ctenophores have?
What are jellyfish, sea anemones, and ctenophores similar to?
What do ctenophores have?
What do ctenophores have?
What animals have carpet-like basement membranes?
What group of animals are ctenophores less complex than?
What is the middle layer of jelly-like material in cnidarians called?
What are ctenophores and cnidarians traditionally labelled?
What other animals have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material?
Along with ctenophores, what animal has two main layers of cells?
What do ctenophores use as their main method of locomotion?
What do ctenophores use cilia for?
What are the bands of cilia on ctenophores called?
What does the name ctenophora mean?
What is the name of the cydippid ctenophores?
What type of ctenophores do not preserve well?
What do coastal ctenophores need to do?
What are the three coastal genera of ctenophores?
What is the gastrodermis?
What do photocytes produce?
What is another term for the mouth?
What does the internal cavity of an annelid form?
What are the most active parts of an annelid?
What are the comb rows called?
What are "combs" also called?
What is the extra compact filament of cilia believed to have?
Where do ctenophores usually swim?
How long are the cilia in a ctenophores comb?
What do some species rely on to adapt to water of different densities?
Where do ctenophores pump water when they enter less dense water?
What do ctenophores do when they enter less dense water?
What do ctenophores do when they move from brackish to full-strength seawater?
What is the largest sensory feature of a ctenophore?
Where is the aboral organ?
What is the statocyst protected by?
What is the main component of the aboral organ?
What is a statocyst?
What is the common coastal name for Pleurobrachia?
What does the common coastal "sea gooseberry," Pleurobrachia, have on its body?
What shape do ctenophores have?
Where are the tentacles of Pleurobrachia housed?
Where is the mouth on the common coastal "sea gooseberry"?
What are the tentacles of cydippid ctenophores typically fringed with?
What are colloblasts?
What does the tentilla of Euplokamis differ from other cydippids?
How many types of movement do Euplokamis' tentilla have?
What are the three types of movement of Euplokamis' tentilla used for?
How many rows of combs are there in an annelid?
Where do the combs run?
How are the combs spaced?
What runs out under the dome of the statocyst?
What are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth?
What are auricles?
How many auricles do many species of lobates have?
What do the auricles of lobata do?
What do lobates feed on?
How do lobates escape from danger?
How do lobates escape from danger?
What are lobates' combs coordinated by?
What are lobates' combs not coordinated by?
What is another name for the Beroida?
What is another name for Nuda?
What do the narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do?
What do the narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do when the animal is not feeding?
What does the Beroida have just inside the large mouth?
What are ribbon-shaped planktonic animals?
What is one of the largest ctenophores?
What does Cestida mean?
How do Cestids swim?
Which cestid can move much faster in a "darting motion"?
What is on the aboral surface of Platyctenida?
How do Platyctenids use the pharynx as a foot?
What do most Platyctenid species lack?
Where do Platyctenids live?
How are eggs and sperm released?
What do platyctenids use for fertilization?
What species of platyctenids have been seen to self-fertilize?
Where are the gonads of platyctenids located?
What type of fertilization is used in most platyctenids?
What do the juveniles of the genus Beroe lack?
Where do platyctenids live?
When do platyctenids become adult?
How do the flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids behave?
In what genus do juveniles lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths?
What do some species of ctenophores do when disturbed?
When do some species of ctenophores produce secretions that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies?
What do ctenophores produce when disturbed?
Do juveniles or adults luminesce more brightly?
Are ctenophores vegetarians or predators?
What do Haeckelia prey on?
How do Haeckelia prey on jellyfish?
What do ctenophores of the lobate Bolinopsis usually prey on?
What two-tentacled "cydippid" feeds exclusively on salps?
Why were ctenophores thought to be "dead ends" in marine food chains?
What fish digest ctenophores 20 times as fast as an equal weight of shrimps?
The larvae of some sea anemones are parasites on what?
Where did herbivorous fishes deliberately feed on gelatinous zooplankton during blooms?
What do jellyfish and turtles eat?
What was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov in the late 1980s?
How was the Western Atlantic ctenophore accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
How were the Mnemiopsis populations in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov brought under control?
When was the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
What did the cooling of the local climate do to the fish?
Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils?
What could the Ediacaran Eoandromeda possibly represent?
During what period were three additional ctenophores found?
How many ctenophores were found in the Burgess Shale?
What was different about the three additional ctenophores found in the Burgess Shale?
How long ago was Stromatoveris?
What is the name of the fossil that dated to about 515 million years ago?
What is the name of the early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil?
What is Stromatoveris similar to?
What period was Vendobionta from?
What do some researchers believe ctenophores are sister to?
What is the earliest-diverging animal phylum?
What are the only ctenophores that do not have cydippid-like larvae?
What did Richard Harbison conclude about cydippids in 1985?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
Who concluded that the cydippids are not monophyletic?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
How far is Fresno from Los Angeles?
What does the name Fresno mean in Spanish?
What is featured on the city's flag?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
When did the Central Pacific Railroad establish a station near Easterby's?
Why did many Millerton residents move to Fresno?
When did Fresno become an incorporated city?
How many streetcars did the Fresno Traction Company operate by 1931?
What grew around the Fresno Station?
What percentage of Fresno's population was Asian in 1940?
What was the name of the Japanese neighborhood in Fresno before World War II?
Where was the Pinedale Assembly Center located?
What was the Pinedale Assembly Center?
What was the Fresno Fairgrounds used for?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What did BankAmericard allow cardholders to do?
In what year was BankAmericard renamed to Visa?
What is the current name of BankAmericard?
Who wrote the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Who recorded the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Where did Bill Aken grow up?
Where did Bill Aken make his first TV appearance?
Who adopted Bill Aken?
How many large public parks does Fresno have?
What park is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo?
What is the largest park in Fresno?
What is the name of the Japanese garden in Woodward Park?
What is the largest park in Fresno?
When did Downtown Fresno thrive?
What were the original names of the Fresno Carnegie Public Library?
What is the current name of the Grand 1401?
What hotel was burned down in Downtown Fresno?
When was Fulton Street converted into a pedestrian mall?
What was the original name of Fulton Street?
What is the only public art piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch?
Where will the public art pieces be placed?
What type of sidewalks will be added to the Fulton Mall to make it more pedestrian friendly?
Where is Sunnyside located?
What are the major thoroughfares of Sunnyside?
When was Sunnyside developed?
What is the home of the Sunnyside Country Club?
Who designed the Sunnyside Country Club?
What is the name of the historic theater in the Tower District?
When was the Tower Theatre built?
What does the name of the Tower Theatre refer to?
What was the original name of California State University at Fresno?
How far is Fresno City College from the Tower District?
When did the Tower Theatre reopen?
What type of movies did the Tower Theatre show?
When did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater and Good Company Players open?
Where is Audra McDonald from?
What two shows did Audra McDonald perform in at the Tower Theatre?
Along with restaurants and nightclubs, what type of theater is in the Tower District?
How close are the independent shops and bookstores to each other in the Tower District?
What area of Fresno is known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster Communities?
What area of Fresno is known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster Communities?
What area of Fresno is known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster Communities?
What type of homes are in the Tower District?
What type of houses were designed by Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler?
How does the architecture of the Tower District compare to other areas of Fresno?
When have many of the early twentieth century homes in the Tower District been restored?
What is the name of the boulevard between First Street on the west and Cedar Avenue on the east?
Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract?
When did developers Billings & Meyering acquire the Alta Vista Tract?
How many homes did the Alta Vista Tract have by 1914?
What company provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital?
What is another name for the West Side of Fresno?
In what direction does the West Side of Fresno lie from Downtown Fresno?
What community is the West Side considered to be the center of?
What are two other Asian-American groups in the West Side of Fresno?
What is another name for Southwest Fresno?
Who was Kearney Boulevard named after?
What type of trees are on Kearney Boulevard?
What was the preferred neighborhood for Fresno's elite African-American families?
What is the name of the section of Kearney Boulevard that was given a new name by the Fresno City Council?
What was known as the "Dogg Pound"?
When were public housing developments built in the neighborhood?
What is the name of the shopping center that was supposed to be built on the corner of what two streets?
What two companies have large processing facilities in the neighborhood?
Where is the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport?
How much retail activity does the neighborhood have?
Who founded Woodward Park?
How many acres is Woodward Park?
How many people can be seated in Woodward Park's multi-use amphitheatre?
How many miles will the Lewis S. Eaton trail system cover between Highway 99 and Friant Dam?
When is Woodward Park open?
When was Sierra Sky Park Airport formed?
Who created the nation's first planned aviation community?
What was the first planned aviation community?
Along with personal aircraft, what type of vehicles were allowed to share certain roads in Sierra Sky Park Airport?
What is the result of Sierra Sky Park Airport?
What type of summers does Fresno have?
Which month is the warmest in Fresno?
What is the average annual precipitation in Fresno?
From what direction do most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from?
When does Fresno have an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics?
What is the record high temperature for Fresno?
When was Fresno's record low temperature set?
In what year did Fresno get the most rainfall in 24 hours?
How much snow did Fresno get on January 21, 1962?
What was the most rainfall in 24 hours in 1885?
What was the population of Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's population is White?
How many Native American people were there in Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's population was non-Hispanic Whites in 2010?
What was the population density per square mile in 2010?
How many households had children under the age of 18 living in them?
What percentage of households had a female householder with no husband present?
How many same-sex married couples were there in Atlantic City?
What was the average family size in Atlantic City?
What was the average household size in Atlantic City?
How many people lived in Atlantic City in 2000?
How many housing units were there in Tucson in 2000?
What percentage of the population of Atlantic City is Black or African American?
How much of the population of Tucson is Hmong?
What was the population density of the city in 2000?
Why did the Federal Communications Commission decide that Fresno would only have UHF television stations?
What was the name of the first Fresno television station?
When did the first Fresno television station begin broadcasting?
What is KMJ-TV now known as?
What is the name of the CBS affiliate in Fresno?
What is the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley?
What is State Route 168 called?
What freeway comes into Fresno from Atascadero in the south?
Which direction does State Route 180 come from?
What is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway?
When was the Interstate Highway System created?
What is the name of the state route that was built before Interstate 5?
Why was State Route 99 upgraded to interstate standards?
Who provides passenger rail service in Fresno?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot?
Which two railroads cross in Fresno?
What railroad operates former Southern Pacific branchlines out of Fresno?
Where does the Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad cross?
What did Paul Baran develop?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
Why did Baran's concept find little resonance among network implementers?
What is the modern name of packet switching?
What did Paul Baran develop?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What is the modern name of packet switching?
What is a method that pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
How is circuit switching characterized in cases of billable services?
How is packet switching characterized?
What is a method that pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
What is circuit switching?
How is circuit switching characterized in cases of billable services?
How is packet switching characterized?
How canacket mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
What happens in case of a shared physical medium?
How canacket mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
What happens in case of a shared physical medium?
What did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation?
What did Baran develop the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching into?
What are packets?
What is one of the three key ideas of the report P-2626?
What did report P-2626 describe?
How were the messages delivered?
What concept did Baran develop?
What three ideas did the RAND report P-2626 focus on?
What did Donald Davies do in 1965?
What was the name of the message routing methodology developed by Donald Davies?
What did Davies do with packet switching?
What was the first use of packet switching?
Who developed the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What was the name of the message routing methodology developed by Donald Davies?
What did Lawrence Roberts do with the packet switching methodology?
What does connectionless mode do?
How are packets routed in connectionless mode?
How are the packets labeled in connectionless mode?
What happens at the destination?
What is the packet header?
How is a packet routed in connection-oriented transmission?
What do packets include in connection-oriented transmission?
What does connection-oriented transmission require?
What do X.25 and Frame Relay provide?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
When didARPANET and SITA HLN become operational?
What were the two fundamental differences between the different network technologies?
What does the virtual call system do?
What is an example of a datagram protocol?
What was AppleTalk?
What was one of the features of AppleTalk?
What did AppleTalk do?
What type of system was AppleTalk?
What was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
What was the CYCLADES packet switching network the first to do?
How was the CYCLADES packet switching network the first to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
What did the concepts of the CYCLADES packet switching network influence?
What is DECnet?
What was the original purpose of DECnet?
How many layers did DECnet evolve into?
What was different about DECnet Phase II?
What was the purpose of the computer time-sharing service?
What was the name of GE's computer time-sharing service?
What happened to GE's computer time-sharing service?
What did Warner Sinback decide about the time-sharing system?
Why was the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad formed?
What was the first example of a packet-switched network?
What did Merit add to its network?
What was Telenet?
Who founded Telenet?
What was Telenet founded for?
What did Telenet change the host interface to?
When was Telenet incorporated?
What was Tymnet?
What was the purpose of Tymnet?
How did Tymnet users connect to the network?
What did Tymnet's private network allow?
How were private networks connected to Tymnet?
What networks were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface?
Who developed DATAPAC?
What did the interconnection of national X.25 networks allow?
What was AUSTPAC?
What did AUSTPAC support?
How was AUSTPAC accessed?
What was Datanet 1?
What did Datanet 1 refer to?
What did the name Datanet 1 refer to?
Why was the name Datanet 1 used?
What does CSNET stand for?
What was the purpose of the CSNET?
What did the CSNET play a significant role in?
What is Internet2?
Who built the first Internet2 Network?
What was the name of the first Internet2 network?
What did Internet2 announce in 2006?
What did Internet2 do in 2007?
What was the name of NSFNET?
What was the goal of NSFNET?
What did NSFNET do?
What does vBNS stand for?
What was the purpose of the Very high-speed Backbone Network Service?
Who operated the vBNS?
By 1998, how many universities were connected to the vBNS
What did the vBNS do in 1999
Where did the Black Death originate?
Where did the black rats that carried the Black Death come from?
How much of Europe's population was killed by the Black Death?
When did the world population recover to pre-plague levels?
How long did the Black Death recurred in Europe?
What does enzootic mean?
What Nestorian graves are near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan?
In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in what country?
When did famine begin in China?
How many Chinese and other Asians were killed during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople?
Who first introduced the Black Death to Europe?
Who was the leader of the Mongol army that siege Kaffa?
What did the Mongol army catapult over the city walls of Kaffa?
Along with the south of Europe, where did the Genoese traders take the plague by ship?
What other conditions may have contributed to the severity of the Black Death?
Where did the plague spread from Italy?
Where did the plague spread to in 1351?
Where was the plague less common?
Where did the plague spread east from Italy?
In what year was the plague introduced in Norway?
What did the plague cause in the Middle East?
When did the plague reach Alexandria in Egypt?
How did the plague reach Alexandria in Egypt?
What happened when the plague reached Antioch?
Who claimed that the Latin name atra mors first appeared in modern times in 1631?
What is the Latin name for the 14th-century epidemic?
Who wrote the book "Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant"?
When was the Black Death first called the Black death in England?
Where did the name "Black Death" first spread through?
What did the medical faculty in Paris blame for the plague?
Who did the medical faculty in Paris report to?
What was the most widely accepted theory of the plague?
What is the theory that the plague was caused by bad air called?
What is the dominant explanation for the Black Death?
Where did the investigation of the pathogen that caused the 19th century plague begin?
Who was one of the scientists who visited Hong Kong in 1894?
What was established in 1898?
What was the bubonic plague mechanism dependent on?
Who wrote about the 'Great Pestilence'?
What did Gasquet say the Great Pestilence appeared to be?
When was the second edition of Gasquet's book published?
What did Gasquet implicate in the second edition of the Black Death?
What other ancient and medieval epidemics did Gasquet's interpretation of the bubonic plague apply to?
What is the mortality rate of the modern bubonic plague?
What is the temperature of the modern bubonic plague?
What percentage of people who contract the bubonic plague die within eight days?
What is the mortality rate of pneumonic plague?
What are the symptoms of septicemic plague?
When was the paper published about the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death?
What was the purpose of the 2010 paper?
How did the team study the presence of DNA/RNA in the tooth sockets of human skeletons?
Where did the researchers find the DNA/RNA for Y. pestis?
What did the new research show about the Black Death?
What is another term for clades?
What two Y. pestis strains were found to be ancestral to modern isolates?
What did the study show about the Y. pestis strains Y. p. orientalis and Y. medievalis?
When did the first variant of the plague enter Europe?
When did the plague reach England?
The results of the Haensch study have since been what?
Where was the burial site of the Black Death victims located?
What did Schuenemann conclude about the variant of Y. pestis that caused the Black Death?
When was the study published in Nature?
Who challenged the plague theory in 1970?
What did Shrewsbury say about the reports of the 14th century plague?
What did Shrewsbury conclude about the rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic?
What did Graham Twigg produce in 1984?
Who was one of the authors who challenged the Black Death theory in 2002?
What is as important as the identification of symptoms of the plague?
Why are researchers hampered by an epidemiological account of the plague?
How much do estimates of the population at the start of the plague vary?
From whom are estimates of plague victims usually extrapolated from?
When was there no census of England during the plague?
What do sceptics of the bubonic plague theory argue is insufficient to account for a pandemic?
What is the likelihood of transference via fleas in goods?
Why are there no accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague?
Was the spread of the Black Death faster or slower than that of the bubonic plague?
How long did the Black Death outbreaks last?
What did Twigg suggest was the cause of the plague?
What did Norman Cantor think the cause of the plague was?
What other diseases did some scholars believe could have caused the plague?
What is a septicemic infection?
How many bodies were exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London?
What was the most widely accepted death rate for the Middle East during the Black Death?
How much of Paris's population died from the Black Death?
What did a burial pit found in Central London suggest about the burials?
In crowded cities, what percentage of the population could die?
Which areas were less vulnerable to contagion?
When did the plague repeatedly return to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean?
How many times did the plague appear in Europe between 1346 and 1671
How many people did France lose to the plague in the epidemic of 1628-31?
What were the preincident population figures in England in 1300?
When did the Black Death subsided in England?
How much of the population was affected by the Black Death in 1471?
When did the Great Plague of London end?
How many people died of the plague in Paris in 1466?
Where did the Black Death travel to after Europe?
What was the name of the Plague of 1629-1631?
When did the last plague outbreak occur in Oslo?
How many times did the plague occur in Venice?
How many people died from the plague in Italy in the first half of the 17th century?
How many people died from the plague in 1656?
What did the plague of 1649 do to the population of Seville?
What was the name of the Great Northern War?
When did Europe's last major epidemic occur?
When was the Black Death present in at least one location in the Islamic world every year?
How many people did Algiers lose to the Black Death in 1620-21?
How long did the Black Death remain a major event in the Ottoman society?
How much of Baghdad's population was wiped out by the Black Death?
What does a rock crystallize from?
What type of rock can sedimentary rock be turned into due to heat and pressure?
What is formed when igneous rock is re-melted?
What are the three major types of rock?
What two factors change the mineral content of the rock that gives it its characteristic fabric?
What was the most important discovery in the 1960s?
What does the lithosphere include?
What is the upper mantle of the Earth called?
The oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of what?
When was seafloor spreading discovered?
What is it called when two plates move apart?
What were volcanoes and earthquakes explained as?
What caused the San Andreas fault system?
Who developed the theory of continental drift?
The power of the theory of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lith
What can seismologists use to image the interior of the Earth?
Along with the lithosphere, what is the top of the layered model of the Earth?
What is below the crust and lithosphere on the layered model of the Earth?
What have seismologists been able to create detailed images of inside the earth?
What are below the layered model of the Earth?
What does the second scale show?
What is a short period with short epochs?
What is the latest epoch on the third timeline?
What does Q stand for?
What pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?
If a fault penetrates some formations but not the ones on top of them, the formations that are not cut must be what?
What may help determine if a fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault?
If a fault penetrates some formations but not those on top of them, what must the formations that were cut be?
What is older than the rock which contains it?
What are foreign bodies picked up as in igneous rocks?
What is another term for inclusions?
What states that sedimentary rocks must be older than the formation that contains them?
What can be ripped up and included in a newer layer of sedimentary rocks?
What is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
Who laid out the principles of faunal succession?
How does the principle of faunal succession become given the uncertainties of fossilization?
What can be used to determine the age of formations?
Who wrote the theory of evolution?
When did isotopic dates become possible?
What did geologists use to date sections of rock relative to one another?
What did isotopic dates allow geologists to assign to rock units?
How did geologists use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock?
What could isotopic dates be applied to?
What can be used to determine temperature profiles within the crust?
What is the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice?
What is measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature?
What can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units which do not contain radioactive isotopes?
What causes rock units to shorten and become thicker?
Where can brittle deformation occur?
What are the folds where the material in the center of the fold buckles upwards called?
What is the name of the type of folds where the material in the center of the fold buckles downwards?
What are the two names for rock folds when the tops of the rock units remain pointing upwards?
What causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner?
What is the name of the lenses formed by rocks that pinch into lenses?
Where can the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon be seen?
What happens to rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched?
What causes the rock units to become longer and thinner?
What type of igneous intrusions enter along cracks?
Where do dikes form in large numbers?
Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of what?
What maintains the topographic gradient in spite of movement of sediment?
What is often associated with volcanism and igneous activity?
What does the Hawaiian Islands consist of?
What is the oldest known rock in the world?
The mid-continental United States and the Grand Canyon contain almost-undeformed stacks of what?
The Grand Canyon and the mid-continental United States have sedimentary rocks that have remained in place since what time period?
Where is the Acasta gneiss located?
What is petrology?
What is stratigraphy?
What is structural geology?
Along with rivers, landscapes, glaciers, and glaciers, what do geologists study?
What do petrologists do in the field?
What are some of the properties of minerals that can be identified in an optical mineralogy analysis?
What do stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into?
Where do petrologists identify rock samples?
What type of microscope is used in optical mineralogy analysis?
Along with high temperature experiments, what type of experiments canPetrologists perform to understand mineral phases?
What doPetrologists use to understand the temperatures and pressures of mineral phases?
What type of research can be extrapolated to the field to understand metamorphic processes?
What type of geologists use microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists use to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists do with measurements of geological structures?
What do structural geologists do to study rock deformation in large and small settings?
What are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries?
What are the most well-known experiments in structural geology?
What is pulled along a lower surface into a back stop?
What happens to the angles of the orogenic wedge when it is critically tapered?
What type of models work in the same way as the analog models?
Who analyzes samples of stratigraphic sections from drill cores?
What do stratigraphers use to determine the locations of stratigraphic units?
What can be combined with geophysical data to produce a better view of the subsurface?
What do stratigraphers use to analyze geophysical data and well logs?
What do stratigraphers use to locate areas for?
Why do geochronologists date rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Who analyzes rock samples from outcrop and drill cores?
Who looks for magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within the drill cores?
Who precisely date rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Where do some modern scholars believe the origin of geology can be traced to?
Who was one of the earliest Persian geologists?
Who theorized that land was formed by erosion of mountains and deposition of silt?
Who proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains, the origin of earthquakes and other topics central to modern geology?
What did Shen Kuo use to develop his theory of land formation?
Who is often viewed as the first modern geologist?
What was the name of the paper that Hutton presented to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1785?
When did Hutton publish a two-volume version of his ideas?
What did Hutton believe about the earth?
Who created the first geological map of the US?
When was the first geological map of the U.S. produced?
When did William Maclure begin his geological survey of the United States?
What was the name of Maclure's memoir?
Who did Maclure submit his work to?
What was the name of Sir Charles Lyell's book?
What theory did the Principles of Geology promote?
What theory did the Principles of Geology promote?
What is the theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events and remained unchanged thereafter?
What famous scientist was influenced by Principles of Geology?
How far is Newcastle from Edinburgh?
How far from the North Sea is Newcastle?
What network of European cities is Newcastle a member of?
What county was Newcastle a part of until 1400?
What is the regional nickname for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area?
Who was William the Conqueror's eldest son?
What trade was Newcastle an important centre for in the 14th century?
Newcastle became a major mining area for what type of coal?
When did the port of Newcastle develop?
What is the name of the world's most popular half marathon?
What was the name of the first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle?
What river was Pons Aelius across?
What was the population of Pons Aelius in the 2nd century AD?
Who founded Pons Aelius?
What tribe was the Vallum built to protect against?
What country was Newcastle a northern fortress during the Middle Ages?
Who granted Newcastle a new charter in 1589?
How high was the wall built around Newcastle in the 13th century?
What Scots king was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174?
How many times was Newcastle successfully defended against the Scots in the 14th century?
What did the royal act of 1530 restrict all shipments of from Tyneside to Newcastle?
What was the name of the cartel of Newcastle burgesses that had a monopoly in the coal trade?
What does the phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" mean?
What was Timothy Dexter regarded as?
What did merchants plan to do to Timothy Dexter?
Along with the keelmen, who lived in the Sandgate area?
What did keelmen work on?
How many people died of the plague in Newcastle in the 1630s?
What percentage of the population of Newcastle died from the plague in 1636?
What type of loss was the Plague of 1636?
Who did the North declare for during the English Civil War?
Who captured Newburn?
How did the Scots attack Newcastle?
What does Fortiter Defendit Triumphans mean?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots?
What did the Industrial Revolution result in for the city of Newcastle?
What company moved to Newcastle in 1817?
What was Newcastle one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by?
In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's what?
What did Charles Parsons invent?
What type of street layout does Newcastle still retain?
What is another name for 'chares'?
What type of stairs still exist from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre?
What type of buildings are found in Close, Sandhill and Quayside?
What is the House of Tides?
What is the neoclassical center of Newcastle called?
What did Stuart Maconie call Newcastle?
Which street was voted England's finest street in 2005 by BBC Radio 4 listeners?
When was Grainger Town demolished?
What is the name of Eldon Square?
What is the name of the green space in Newcastle?
What do the freemen of the city have the right to do on Town Moor?
What is the largest travelling funfair in Europe?
In what month is the Hoppings funfair held?
Who has the right to graze cattle on Town Moor?
What has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments?
Who commissioned the Gateshead Millennium Bridge?
Who designed The Sage Gateshead music center?
What is the purpose of the "NewcastleGateshead" name?
How many days did the Bambuco Bridge last?
Where is the historic heart of Newcastle?
When was the Grainger Town area established?
How high are most of the buildings in Grainger Town?
How many of the Grainger Town's 450 buildings are listed?
What was the name of the earlier market that the Grainger Market replaced?
When did the Grainger Market open?
How many people attended the opening of the Grainger Market?
What does the Laing Art Gallery have of the opening of the Grainger Market?
Who listed the Grainger Market as grade I in 1954?
What type of climate is Newcastle?
What type of influence does the Gulf Stream have on Newcastle's climate?
What type of weather does the North Pennines bring to Newcastle?
When did the temperature of −12.6 degrees Celsius occur in Newcastle?
Newcastle's climate is similar to what other area?
In what year did Debenhams open in Newcastle?
What is the largest shopping center in the UK?
What was the world's first department store?
How did Bainbridge's report revenue?
In what year was the undercover Green Market demolished?
What is one of the most popular destinations in Newcastle?
What type of shopping areas are Gosforth and Byker?
What is the name of the largest store in the United Kingdom?
What is the name of the largest indoor shopping center in Europe?
Where is the MetroCentre located?
What was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly?
What were Tyneside flats built as?
Where has a new development recreated the Tyneside flats?
What was Cany Ash's profession?
What were architects Cany Ash and Sakula attracted to in the Ouseburn valley?
What was the percentage of detached homes in the 2010 Census?
What was the percentage of converted or shared houses in 2011?
What kind of markets are the markets in Harrogate and Cheltenham?
What type of authorities have the highest proportion of detached homes?
What is one of the local authorities with overinflated markets?
In what year did the UK Government return census information?
What type of borough is North Tyneside?
What type of population is Newcastle home to?
What type of institutions are located in Newcastle?
 Jesmond and Heaton are areas with what type of population?
What is the average age of people living in Newcastle?
What do many people in Newcastle have in common with Scottish or Irish people?
What is the name of the surnames such as Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Kerr, Hall, Nixon, Little
How many Bolivians live in Newcastle?
What percentage of Newcastle's population is Bolivians?
What is the dialect of Newcastle known as?
The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the language spoken by whom?
What does the Geordie dialect retain from the Anglo-Saxon language?
What is pronounced in the Geordie dialect?
What does "burn" mean in English?
Where did the Geordie words "Bairn" and "hyem" come from?
Where are some words used in the Geordie dialect?
What language do the words "bonny" and "stot" come from?
What words are only used in Newcastle and the surrounding area?
What language did the word "hoy" come from?
What was published in February 2007?
What did the Ear Institute and Widex call Newcastle in a 2007 report?
What was the average level of noise in Newcastle?
What did the report claim the noise levels would have on the health of the city's residents?
What was one of the locations that the Ear Institute and Widex used in their report that was without pedestrian access?
Which street is known as the 'Diamond Strip'?
What is The Gate?
How many screens does the Empire multiplex cinema have?
What is the name of Newcastle's gay scene?
What does The Pink Triangle have?
Newcastle has a proud history of what?
Who managed the original Theatre Royal, Newcastle for fifteen years?
How many seasons did Stephen Kemble manage the Theatre Royal?
In what year was the original Theatre Royal opened?
What street was built to replace the original Theatre Royal?
What does the city still contains many of?
What is the largest theater in Newcastle?
What Shakespeare company has performed at the Theatre Royal for over 25 years?
What does the Mill Volvo Tyne Theatre feature?
What was NewcastleGateshead voted as in 2006?
What is the largest independent library outside London?
How many CDs does the Lit and Phil library have?
Who designed the current Lit and Phil building?
What was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
Who was the first person to give a lecture at the Lit and Phil's lecture theatre with electric light?
What beer festival is held in April?
When is the North East Art Expo held?
How often does the AV Festival take place?
What is the name of the food and drink festival held in NewcastleGateshead?
How many weeks does EAT! NewcastleGateshead run each year?
What is the largest travelling fair in Europe?
When does the Hoppings take place?
The Hoppings has its origins in what movement?
What is the Northern Rock Cyclone?
What festival is held in Leazes Park?
What is the name of the multicultural event held on the late August bank holiday weekend?
Where will the 2009 International Arts Fair be held?
What is the name of the annual design festival held in October?
What type of cultural festival is the SAMA Festival?
Where is the International Arts Fair held?
What type of music is Lindisfarne?
When was "Fog on the Tyne" released?
What was the name of the black metal band that formed in Newcastle in 1979?
What is the name of the first folk metal band?
What band did Andy Taylor lead guitarist for?
When was the Pilgrim Street building refurbished?
Where did the Tyneside Cinema relocate to?
How many cinemas are on the site of the Pilgrim Street building?
What is the name of the UK's last news cinema still in full-time operation?
What part of the building contains the Tyneside Bar?
What is the name of the Science Village in Newcastle?
What does the Discovery Museum focus on?
What is one of the heritage of Tyneside?
When did the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities merge with the Great North Museum?
What is the name of the museum dedicated to children's books?
What is the earliest known movie to have exterior scenes filmed in Newcastle?
What 1971 film was shot in Newcastle?
What type of film was Stormy Monday?
Who directed the film Stormy Monday?
Along with Sean Bean and Melanie Griffith, who starred in Stormy Monday?
Where is the horse racing course in Newcastle?
What is the most successful basketball team in the history of the British Basketball League?
What is the name of Newcastle's speedway team?
Where are the Newcastle Diamonds based?
What is the name of the road race from Newcastle to Blaydon?
How far is Newcastle International Airport from the city centre?
How is Newcastle International Airport connected to the city?
How long does it take to travel from Newcastle International Airport to the city centre?
How many passengers does Newcastle International Airport handle per year?
How many destinations are available at Newcastle International Airport?
What type of architecture was enhanced in 2014?
How many Grade One listed railway stations are there in the UK?
Who opened the first covered railway station in the world?
Who constructed the neoclassical façade of Southampton's railway station?
What is the name of the city's other mainline railway station?
How often does Virgin Trains East Coast provide trains to London King's Cross?
How long does it take for a Virgin Trains East Coast train to travel to London King's Cross?
Where do Virgin Trains East Coast trains call?
What trains serve destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands and the South West?
Which train company provides local and regional services?
What is the name of the light rail system that serves Newcastle?
How many phases did the Tyne and Wear Metro open in?
What type of tunnels were built through Newcastle city centre?
What was built between Newcastle and Gateshead?
How many passengers does the Tyne and Wear Metro carry each year?
What is the name of the period of refurbishment and modernization?
What is the name of the system that has replaced ticket machines and introduced ticket gates?
What are being overhauled?
What is one of the long term plans for the Metro system?
What type of train would be used instead of the current light rail trains?
What is the major road in the area?
What is the name of the road that becomes the A68?
What is the A167 also known as?
What was renumbered after the completion of the Western Bypass?
What was increased when a project to build a second road tunnel was completed?
How many main bus companies operate in Newcastle?
How many major bus stations are in Newcastle?
What is the primary bus company in the city proper?
What is the name of Nexus?
What bus company operates from Eldon Square Bus Station?
When did Newcastle first develop its cycling strategy?
What is one of the social aims of Newcastle's cycling strategy?
What type of living does cycling promote?
What type of streets do Newcastle council want to implement contraflows on?
What does the local council want to link the local networks to?
Who runs a ferry service to IJmuiden?
When did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden cease?
Why did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden end?
When did the DFDS ferry service to Bergen and Stavanger, Norway end?
What cruise line has included Newcastle as a departure port?
How many LEA funded schools are in Newcastle?
How many independent schools have sixth forms in Newcastle?
What is the largest co-ed independent school in Newcastle?
What is the largest general further education college in the North East?
What religion is St. Mary's Comprehensive School?
How many universities does Newcastle have?
What is one of the UK's leading international universities?
What award did Newcastle University win in 2000?
What happened to Northumbria University as part of the UK-wide process?
What is the name of the second university in Newcastle?
How many cathedrals does Newcastle have?
When was the lantern tower of St. Nicholas built?
What religion is the cathedral in Fenham?
What is the name of the church in the city centre that is not a peculiar?
What did all three cathedrals begin their lives as?
What is traditionally recognised as the oldest church in Newcastle?
When was the last addition to the Parish Church of St Andrew?
What was the last addition to the Parish Church of St Andrew in 1726?
What is the Parish Church of St Andrew surrounded by?
What received a battering during the Siege of Newcastle by the Scots?
Where was ITV Tyne Tees based?
Where did ITV Tyne Tees move to in 2005?
Where did The Tube originate?
Why is the Pink Palace known as thePink Palace?
What is the name of the local radio station?
What was the name of the first full-time community radio station in the area?
What radio station is run by students from both of the city's universities?
How long has Radio Tyneside been running?
What radio station is based at the Great North Children's Hospital?
Where does Newcastle Student Radio broadcast from?
In what year did Charles Avison die?
What position did Basil Hume hold?
Who was the father of the modern steam railways?
What did Sir Joseph Swan invent?
Where was Abhisit Vejjajiva born?
What school did Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch attend?
Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer are what type of footballers?
What award did Peter Higgs win?
What is the most characteristic musical instrument in the region?
Where was Neville born?
Where is the Victoria and Albert Museum located?
How many objects does the V&A have?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
What is the name of the V&A?
What borough is the V&A located in?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
Who was the Victoria and Albert Museum named after?
Who sponsors the Victoria and Albert Museum?
Since what year has entrance to the V&A been free?
How many acres does the V&A cover?
How many galleries does the V&A have?
How many years of art does the V&A have?
From what cultures is the V&A's collection from?
The V&A has the world's largest collection of what type of sculpture?
Where did the V&A begin?
Who was the first director of the V&A?
What was the original name of the V&A?
Where did the V&A open in 1852?
Who designed the design for the V&A in 1855?
Who opened the Royal Institute in 1857?
When did Queen Victoria open the Royal Institute?
Who was the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection?
What was made possible by the use of gas lighting?
When did the Royal College of Art achieve full independence?
When was the Britain Can Make It exhibition held?
How many people visited the Britain Can Make It exhibition?
What was the name of the festival that the Britain Can Make It exhibition led to?
What was the name of the exhibition that was held in 1951?
By what year had most of the collections been returned to the museum?
What did the V&A present in 1973?
What was the name of the band that performed at the V&A in 1973?
Who was the director of the V&A in 1973?
What type of music did Gryphon explore?
What city is the V&A in discussion with for a new gallery?
What was the estimated cost of the V&A Dundee gallery in 2015?
Where will the V&A Dundee be located?
What is the focus of the V&A Dundee?
How long is it planned for the V&A Dundee to open?
What was the name of the house that occupied the land before the museum?
What was the first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum?
Who was the architect of the Sheepshanks Gallery?
What is the name of the building that is not open to the public?
What does the Secretariat Wing house?
What was the name of the additional galleries to the east of the museum completed in 1863?
What style was adopted for the north range of the museum?
Who designed the bronze doors on the north façade of the museum?
Which famous astronomer was depicted on the north façade of the museum?
Who painted the panels on the north façade of the museum?
Who designed the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the Centre Refreshment Room in the Renaissance style?
Who sculpted the marble fireplace in the Centre Refreshment Room?
Who designed the Grill Room 1876-81?
Who was the next architect to work at the museum?
What was the name of the science schools?
What was the staircase at the V&A made from?
What does the Henry Cole Wing house?
When did the Sackler Centre for arts education open?
What was used to decorate the east side of the building designed by F. W. Moody?
Who designed the wrought iron gates in 1885?
Where were the Cast Courts built?
What was the final part of the museum designed by Scott?
Who designed the exterior mosaic panels in the Art Library?
Who designed the main façade of the Royal Institute?
What was the main façade of the museum built from?
How long is the main façade of the Royal Institute?
What is on the tower above the main entrance of the museum?
What part of the museum has statues of British artists interspersed with windows?
Who sculpted Queen Victoria and Prince Albert?
How many levels of galleries are in the Royal Institute?
Who sculpted Queen Victoria and Prince Albert?
What material is used in the entrance hall and flanking staircases?
Who is above the frame around the arches and entrance?
In what part of the museum did the first major building work take place in 1966 and 1967?
What is the name of the wing that the museum acquired from the Royal College of Science?
What was constructed on the site of the former boiler house?
Who designed the iron gates on the new entrance building?
What was the intended site of the former boiler house?
What gallery was redesigned in the 1990s?
What was restored in the 2006 renovation?
What is the name of the major redesign of all the galleries in the museum called?
The tunnel to the subway leading to what tube station was redesigned in 2004?
Who designed the new Cafe at the museum?
Who redesigned the central garden?
What was the central garden renamed to?
What shape is the water feature in the central garden?
What can the water feature be used for?
What tree is planted in the two corners by the north façade of the John Madejski Garden?
When did the V&A and Royal Institute of British Architects open the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
Who did the V&A open the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
How many drawings are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
What collection was transferred to the V&A from the Royal Institute of British Architects?
How many photographs are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
Who is one of the most well represented British architects in the Royal Institute's collection?
Who is one of the most well represented British architects in the Royal Institute's collection?
How many drawings by Andrea Palladio are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Where was Sir Paul Pindar's house located?
The facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600 from Bishopsgate is a rare survivor of what fire?
When was Sir Paul Pindar's house from Bishopsgate built?
What European chateau has a dormer window from 1523-35?
What is an example of a column in the main architecture gallery?
How many items from the Islamic world does the V&A hold?
When did the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art open?
What is the highlight of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art covers objects from North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, Afghanistan, and what other country
When was the Salting Bequest?
How many objects are in the Museum's South and South-East Asian art collection?
How many textiles are in the Museum's South and South-East Asian art collection?
How many paintings are in the Museum's South and South-East Asian art collection?
When did the Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art open?
What gallery of Indian art opened in 1991?
How many works of art are in the Far Eastern collections?
What countries are represented in the Far Eastern collections of the V&As?
What gallery opened in 1991?
When did the T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art open?
What two dynasties are the majority of the art in the T. T. Tsui Gallery from?
What gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986?
When did the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art open?
In what century was Amida Nyorai's sculpture from?
What are the oldest exhibits in the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art?
What material is the incense burner in the Toshiba gallery?
When was Tibetan art from?
Along with Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia and Indonesia, what country has art in gold, silver, bronze, stone, terrac
What type of art reflects the influence of India?
What type of pearls are the gleaming boxes inlaid with in Korea?
What type of combs are on show at the museum?
Who wrote some of the note books in the Codex Forster?
What are the names of the three manuscripts in the Codex Forster?
How many books did Alexander Dyce leave to the museum?
When did Alexander Dyce leave 14,000 books to the museum?
When was the Codex Forster bequeathed to the museum?
Along with Beatrix Potter, what famous author has papers in the library?
Along with Charles Dickens, who is a notable writer whose papers are in the library?
What centuries are the illuminated manuscripts in the library?
What is the Armagnac manuscript?
Who illuminated the 1524 Charter?
What is another name for the National Art Library?
What computer system was used from the 1980s to the 1990s?
What does EAD stand for?
Most of the items in the Victoria and Albert Museum collection do not show up in the computer system unless they were what?
What is the name of the feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum web-site?
When did a large scale digitization project begin in the Victoria and Albert Museum's Word and Image Department?
What was the name of the large-scale digitization project that began in 2007?
Who did the Factory Project reference?
How many images were taken during the first year of the Factory Project?
What is the second step of the Factory Project?
Who purchased or commissioned the work of European artists?
From what country is porcelain, cloth and wallpaper imported from?
Who is one of the designers and artists whose work is on display in the galleries?
Who was a major influence on the Gothic Revival?
What types of imports from Asia are on display in the gallery?
What led to the production of tea paraphernalia?
What was the Georgian age known for?
Who led the backlash against industrialization?
What caused entrepreneurs such as Josiah Wedgwood, Matthew Boulton and Eleanor Coade?
What movement did John Ruskin contribute to in the 19th century?
What was cut in half to fit under the ceiling of the Cast Courts?
How was Trajan's Column made?
What is the name of the full-size replica of Michelangelo's work in the Cast Courts?
What are the casts of in the Cast Courts?
Where is the Verrocchio replica displayed?
When was the Meissen Vulture made?
Who designed the Möllendorff Dinner Service?
When was the Möllendorff Dinner Service designed?
When was the Salting Bequest made?
What did the Salting Bequest add to the museum's collection?
What famous potters are represented in the collection?
Where is the Delftware collection located?
What are the largest objects in the collection?
What are the largest objects in the collection?
Where were the largest objects in the collection made?
How many years of glass making does the British Museum's glass collection cover?
How many items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia?
Where did the earliest glassware on display come from?
Who is one of the most well known designers of the Art Deco style?
Who were two notable artists of the Art Nouveau period?
When was the main gallery redesigned?
Who designed the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine?
When did the contemporary glass gallery open?
Who created the chandelier in the rotunda at the Museum's main entrance?
In what century was the Luck of Edenhall made?
How many British drawings are in the collection?
How many old master works are in the collection?
Who is one of the artists whose works are included in the collection?
Who is one of the artists whose work is included in the collection?
Who is one of the artists whose work is included in the collection?
How many outfits are in the V&A's costume collection?
Where are costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper held at the V&A?
Why is the V&A's costume collection dominated by fashionable clothes?
In what year did the V&A receive the Talbot Hughes collection?
Who gave the V&A the Talbot Hughes collection?
When did the Museum acquire the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes?
Who was the designer of the Costiff collection?
How many Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
Which designer's collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
What type of fashion does the museum continue to acquire?
What types of objects were in the Soulages collection?
When was the Soulages collection of Italian and French Renaissance objects acquired?
What was left to the museum in 1882?
When was the John Jones Collection of French 18th century art and furnishings left to the museum?
How much was the John Jones Collection valued at in 1882?
What year are the inlaid doors from Antwerp City Hall dated?
Who is the set of inlaid doors from Antwerp City Hall attributed to?
When is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet from Germany dated?
Where was the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet from?
Who are two modernists in the collection?
How many items are in the jewellery collection?
What is one of the oldest jewellery collections in the world?
When was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of 154 gems bequeathed?
How many gems was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of?
Who funded the new jewellery gallery that opened in 2008?
What are the two divisions of the collection?
When was the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark?
How many tonnes is the Hereford Screen?
Who designed the Hereford Screen?
How many objects made from silver or gold are in the Royal Institute's collection?
When was the Gloucester Candlestick made?
What was the Gloucester Candlestick made from?
Who is the Becket Casket believed to contain relics of?
When is the Becket Casket dated?
What was the Becket Casket made from?
How many people signed an online petition against the closing of the Musical Instruments gallery?
Who said the museum intended to preserve and care for the collection and keep it available to the public?
What museum hosted a joint exhibition with the V&A of musical instruments?
How many instruments did the Horniman Museum loan to the V&A?
In what year did the Musical Instruments gallery close?
How many British oil paintings are in the museum?
How many European oil paintings are in the museum?
How many British watercolours are in the museum?
Who loaned the Raphael Cartoons to the museum?
Who painted the Spanish tempera on wood?
When did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
How many paintings did John Sheepshanks donate in 1857?
What did John Sheepshanks donate to the museum in 1857?
For whom did Constable sketch in 1821?
What nationality of artists did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
In what galleries are the 260 paintings and miniatures that formed part of the Jones bequest displayed?
Who did François Boucher portrait in 1758?
What is an example of a French painting that was part of the Jones bequest of 1882?
Who did François Clouet portrait?
Who created the photographs of Animal Locomotion of 1887?
When did Eadweard Muybridge take his photographs of Animal Locomotion?
How many plates are in Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion?
What do the photographs of Animal Locomotion capture?
Who's society portraits are in the museum?
The V&A has the most comprehensive collection of what type of sculpture in the world?
How many objects are in the V&A's sculpture collection?
What time period is covered by the V&A's sculpture collection?
What uses of sculpture are represented in the V&A collection?
Who does the museum jointly own The Three Graces with?
What is the name of Bernini's most famous work?
What is the largest item from Italy in the museum?
Who designed the Chancel Chapel?
When was the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence built?
How many works of Rodin are in the museum?
Who gave the Rodin works to the museum in 1914?
When did Rodin give his works to the museum?
What war did Britain support in 1914?
What statue was purchased by public subscription in 1902?
Which British sculptor's work is in the British Galleries?
Which British sculptor's work is in the British Galleries?
Which British sculptor's work is in the British Galleries?
Nicholas Stone, Caius Gabriel Cibber, Grinling Gibbons, John Michael Rysbrack, Peter Scheemakers
What sculpture galleries opened in 2006?
The Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries have been extended up to what year?
How are the galleries overlooking the garden arranged?
Which two British sculptors are featured in the Dorothy and Michael Hintze galleries?
What other museum has lent works to the Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries?
How many examples of textiles are in the largest textiles collection in the world?
What continents are represented in the collection of textiles?
How long does the collection of textiles date from?
Where are most of the examples of textiles in the collection?
How are the textiles classified?
What is the oldest known European tapestry?
In what century were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
Where were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
What do the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries depict?
What was the leading English tapestry manufactory in the late 17th century and early 18th century?
When was the Sicilian Tristan Quilt made?
Who designed the Tristan Quilt?
When was 'The Forest' tapestry created?
Who designed the art deco period rugs and fabrics?
Who designed a rug from the art deco period?
What was the former name of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries?
When did the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries open?
What does the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries hold the largest collection of in the UK?
The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries have the largest collection of material about live performance in the UK since what famous author's day?
What are the collections of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries available for?
What is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections?
What two things do conservators control in the museum environment?
What type of conservation makes an object more stable and more attractive to the viewer?
Along with the V&A, what other museum does conservation cover?
What type of conservation does a conservator perform?
What company owns the Disney-ABC Television Group?
When was the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) first stylized as abc?
In what city is the headquarters of the American Broadcasting Company?
Where is ABC headquartered?
What division of The Walt Disney Company is ABC a subsidiary of?
When did ABC first launch?
What was ABC originally known as?
When did ABC expand to television?
What cable sports channel did ABC purchase in the 1980s?
What company did ABC merge with in the 1980s?
How many affiliated television stations does ABC have in the United States?
Who purchased ABC Radio properties in 2007?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
What organization imposes simultaneous substitution regulations in Canada?
Who purchased ABC Radio properties in 2007?
What company owned the last radio network in the 1930s?
What were the names of the two radio networks owned by the RCA?
What markets did NBC Red serve?
What type of programming did the NBC Blue network test?
What was the name of the NBC network that was created in 1927?
What company filed a complaint with the FCC in 1934?
In what year did the FCC begin investigations into the practices of radio networks?
When was the FCC's report on the broadcasting of network radio programs published?
What was the principal radio network in the United States in 1938?
What network did the FCC recommend RCA give up control of?
Who was given the mandate to sell NBC Blue in 1941?
What network did RCA convert into an independent subsidiary?
What investment firm tried to buy NBC Blue in 1942?
Who was the president of RCA at the time of the sale of NBC Blue?
How much did Dillon, Read & Co. offer to purchase NBC Blue?
Along with Rexall and WMCA, what company did Edward John Noble own?
When did the FCC authorize the purchase of the Blue Network by Edward John Noble?
Who did Edward John Noble acquire the rights to the "American Broadcasting Company" name from in 1944?
What position did Woods hold at ABC until 1949?
When did Woods leave ABC?
What was brought to the U.S. from Nazi Germany?
Who conducted symphony performances for ABC?
Which network aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman?
Who was one of the big names that ABC was able to attract with the use of the Magnetophon?
What type of programming did NBC Blue offer?
How much did Disney pay for a 33% stake in Eurosport?
What was the name of the free-to-air channel that ABC launched in the United Kingdom in 2004?
When did Disney discontinue ABC1?
What was the name of the international network that was discontinued after ABC1 was shut down?
Where is ABC broadcast?
In what year was rerun activity completed with program syndication?
What ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries?
In what two countries did ABC sell most of its international networks in the 1970s?
What did many governments want to strengthen?
What was ABC's first international activity?
Where did Leonard Goldenson invest in broadcasting properties in the mid-1960s?
What was the name of the Japanese network that ABC bought a 5% interest in in 1951?
Along with technical problems, what was one reason that CBS and NBC were unable to broadcast the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II?
Along with flight delays, what was the reason that CBS and NBC were unable to broadcast the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II?
Whatanuts specials has ABC owned the television rights to since 2000?
What award ceremony does ABC have broadcast rights to?
When was A Charlie Brown Christmas first broadcast?
What award ceremony does ABC hold the broadcast rights to?
What is the name of one of the Peanuts specials broadcast by ABC?
When did ABC begin airing Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve?
Who was Dick Clark's successor?
When did ABC first broadcast the Miss America pageant?
Where was Dick Clark's traditional countdown from?
What cable channel took over the broadcast of the Miss America pageant in 2006?
What is the longest-running soap opera on ABC?
When did CBS cancel The Edge of Night?
What was the name of the Procter & Gamble soap opera that was cancelled by CBS in 1975?
What are the two talk shows on ABC's daytime schedule?
When did General Hospital first air?
What weekend events does ABC carry that are not broadcast by ESPN?
When did ESPN take over responsibilities for ABC's sports division?
What is the time range for sports programming on weekend afternoons on ABC?
What league does ABC have exclusive rights to the NBA Finals?
What two tennis tournaments does ABC show in the summer?
Who was ABC's vice-president of engineering in 1947?
What channels did the low-band VHF frequencies correspond to?
In what year did ABC submit five applications for television station licenses?
What channel did ABC's radio stations request to broadcast on?
How many existing television stations were in the United States in 1952?
How many television stations were in the United States in 1949?
What was ABC's third rival in 1949?
Which two networks did ABC have less coverage than?
Who forced United Paramount Theatres to become an independent entity?
What company did United Paramount Theatres separate from?
How many full-time affiliates did ABC have?
What network was rumored to buy ABC in 1951?
Who loaned Noble $5 million to prevent ABC from going bankrupt?
Who was the president of UPT in 1951?
Who was the founder of CBS?
When was the tentative agreement approved by UPT's board of directors?
In what year did the FCC end its freeze on new station license applications?
When did the FCC approve UPT's purchase of ABC?
What was the new name of the UPT-ABC company?
Where was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. headquartered?
When did WJZ-TV sign on the air?
When did the FCC implement a freeze on new station applications?
On what mountain did ABC build a transmitter for KECA-TV?
What did ABC convert 20 acres of land in Hollywood into?
On what date did The Flintstones premiere?
What decade was marked by the rise of family-oriented series?
Who created The Flintstones?
What decade was marked by the rise of family-oriented series?
In what year did Walt Disney Productions purchase ABC's shares in Disneyland?
What network did Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color lose the rights to in 1988?
When did ABC and Disney's first television collaboration end?
When did ABC resume its relationship with Disney?
What did ABC's web-based campaign focus on in 2000?
Who did ABC hire to design and produce its 2001-02 identity?
What color was the ABC logo in 2001-02?
What was the other name for the circle logo?
Who designed ABC's graphical identity in 1998?
In what year did ABC stop using its four-note jingles?
What was the theme tune based on?
Where is the old four-note theme tune still used?
When did the ABC logo first appear as a on-screen bug?
When did the ABC logo begin to appear on-screen?
In what year did the ABC logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background?
What slogan did ABC use for the 40th anniversary of its founding in 1983?
In what year was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance?
What was the color of the bubble on the 1977 ID sequence?
What color letters were on the 1977 ID sequence?
Who redesigned the ABC logo in 1962?
What type of typeface is the ABC logo strongly reminiscent of?
Who designed the Bauhaus typeface?
When did the new ABC logo first appear on air?
What was rumored to be up for sale between May and September 2005?
When did ABC announce the restructuring of the group?
How many divisions did ABC announce on October 19, 2005?
In what year did ABC's average viewership decline by ten ratings points?
Along with Desperate Housewives, Lost and Dancing with the Stars, what show helped ABC rise to second place?
Who was named president of ABC in 2004?
What sport did ABC Sports and ESPN sign an eight-year broadcast rights agreement with in 2005?
When did The Bachelor debut?
Who was the CEO of Disney in 2002?
What was the name of ABC's first hit reality show?
What was the name of the spinoff of The Bachelor?
Who removed ABC stations from their systems?
Who filed an emergency petition to the Federal Communications Commission to force TWC to restore the stations?
Who filed an emergency petition to the Federal Communications Commission to force TWC to restore the stations?
When did the FCC order Time Warner Cable to restore the stations?
In what year did "TGIF" end?
Where did Sabrina, the Teenage Witch move to in 2000?
What network did Family Matters and Step by Step move to?
When was 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire' premiered?
Who was the host of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who relaunched Millionaire as a syndicated program in 2002?
Who was the original host of Millionaire?
When did the Walt Disney Company announce an agreement to merge with Capital Cities/ABC?
What was the name of the new subsidiary created by the merger of Capital Cities/ABC?
Who bought the four newspapers that ABC controlled under Capital Cities?
Who replaced Thomas S. Murphy as president and CEO of ABC?
What was the name of the Aaron Sorkin-created sitcom that premiered on ABC in 1998?
When did color become the dominant format for the three broadcast television networks?
Where did ABC rank in 1965-66?
What book did Goldenson write in 1991?
When did ABC's New York City flagship stations change their names to WABC?
Where did ABC's New York City flagship stations move to in 1953?
Where was the WJZ calls reassigned to in 1959?
Who was appointed president of ABC in 1950?
What network did Goldenson propose to merge with UPT in 1954?
What would have been the name of the merged ABC and DuMont network?
How much money would DuMont have received as a result of the merger?
What company was UPT a subsidiary of?
What was the name of one of ABC's flagship productions at the time?
What was the longest running prime time comedy in U.S. television history?
What was the name of the Warner Bros. adaptation of the 1947 film Wyoming Kid?
What was the name of the remake of The Boy from Oklahoma?
Who was the most iconic of ABC's relationships with Hollywood producers?
What was the name of the wheel series that showcased Warner's films on ABC?
What was Walt Disney's brother's name?
How much did Walt want ABC to invest in Disneyland?
In what year did ABC agree to finance Disneyland?
What did ABC agree to finance in exchange for producing a television program for the network?
Who spearheaded the special programming project for its FM stations?
Who was the president of ABC Radio in 1968?
What was the name of the new format that was launched in November of 1968?
How many owned-and-operated FM stations did ABC have in 1968?
In what year was Movie of the Week launched?
What was the name of Steven Spielberg's 1971 film that was featured in Movie of the Week?
In what year was 'Duel' released?
What was the average budget of a Movie of the Week film?
When did ABC begin its transition to color?
What network completed its transition to color in the early 1970s?
What did ABC begin to use to better determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising slots to?
What was the NFL's premier game of the week until 2006?
In what year did Sunday Night Football move to NBC?
Where did MNF move to in 2006?
What was the audience share of Monday Night Football for ABC?
In what year did the FCC vote to pass the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
In what year did ABC split Worldvision Enterprises into two separate companies?
What was the name of the company that would produce and distribute programming for US syndication?
What did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act ban?
When did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act take effect?
Who bought ABC Great States in 1974?
Who was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC in 1972?
When did Michael Eisner join ABC?
What show did Michael Eisner help bring about?
What type of programming did Eisner develop for ABC?
What company did Michael Eisner leave ABC for in 1976?
Who was the president of ABC Television in 1975?
Who was the first president and director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
What was the name of the detective series that ABC premiered in 1974?
When did Good Morning America debut?
What position did Silverman hold after leaving ABC?
What was the name of the Happy Days spin-off series?
What was the name of the trend that featured attractive, often buxom, women in main and guest roles?
Who wrote Roots?
Who produced The Love Boat?
How long did The Love Boat last?
In what season did NBC take first place in the ratings for the first time?
What was the name of the controversial soap opera parody that was the first to feature an openly gay main character?
Who was named president of ABC News in 1977?
Along with being president of ABC News, what other division did Roone Arledge lead?
What was the name of the building that was built in place of the abandoned warehouse?
When was the 15-story building at 30 West 67th Street completed?
When was 20/20 created?
Who was the first anchor of 20/20?
Who was Hugh Downs paired with on 20/20?
Who did ABC sell its recording division to in 1979?
What was the name of ABC's 24-hour news channel?
What was the name of the 24-hour news channel launched by ABC in 2004?
What was the name of the Flint, Michigan station that ABC purchased in 1994?
What station in Toledo, Ohio was previously affiliated with ABC?
What strike halted production of network programs for much of the 2007-08 season?
What was the name of the game show that was one of the strike-replacement programs?
What company was rumored to be selling ABC's stations in 2008?
What was the name of the new division created by the merger of ABC Studios and ABC?
What was the name of the new division created by the merger of ABC Entertainment and ABC Studios?
What was the new name of ABC Radio?
What company did Disney-ABC Television Group partner with to make episodes of ABC and Disney Channel programs available for purchase on?
In what year did NBC begin running into trouble in the ratings?
When did Lost first debut?
What day of the week was Ugly Betty moved to in 2009?
What day of the week was Ugly Betty moved to?
When did the FCC impose its fin-syn rules?
What was the name of the syndication distributor created by ABC in 1970?
What was the name of the production company created by ABC in 1970?
Who bought portions of Worldvision's catalog in 1990?
What is the name of ABC's domestic television division?
What was Disney-ABC Domestic Television previously known as?
What was Disney-ABC International Television previously known as?
What library is part of the ABC library?
What were the first two stations to carry ABC's programming?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
How many stations does ABC have current and pending affiliation agreements with?
What is the estimated national reach of ABC?
When was the first ABC logo introduced?
What was the new ABC logo based on?
When did ABC begin its first color broadcasts?
When was Supernanny cancelled?
What was the only remaining program on the network's schedule that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition?
In what format is Litton's Weekend Aventure broadcast?
What was the first children's program block on any U.S. broadcast network to feature programs in HD?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
Most of Hearst Television's 16 ABC-affiliated stations transmit the network's programming in what format?
How many affiliates of ABC carry the network feed in 480i standard definition?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
What was the only show to be renewed for a second season during the 2010-11 season?
What was the only late-season premiere to be renewed for a second season?
Which network did ABC outrate for third place in 2010-11?
What was ABC's only drama renewal for the 2010-11 season?
What two soap operas were canceled by ABC on April 14, 2011?
Who bought the rights to All My Children and One Life to Live?
Where did Prospect Park revive All My Children and One Life to Live?
What show replaced One Life to Live?
What demographic did ABC drop to fourth place in during the 2011-12 season?
When did NBC finish first in the 18-49 demographic for the first time?
Which network had the most viewership in the 2013-14 season?
What Marvel show was renewed for the 2013-14 season?
What ABC show was cancelled in the 2013-14 season?
What two family sitcoms anchored ABC's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup?
What was Shark Tank based on?
On what day of the week did Shark Tank air?
Who starred in Last Man Standing?
Who left Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994?
Who took over for Daniel Burke after his departure from Capital Cities?
What was the name of the gritty police procedural that debuted in 1994?
Who created Doogie Howser, M.D?
How long did NYPD Blue last?
In what year did the FCC repeal the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
What French animation studio did Capital Cities/ABC purchase in 1993?
Who did ABC sign an agreement with to carry its owned-and-operated television stations on their systems?
What was ABC's viewership share in 1993?
What Chicago radio station did ABC purchase in 1960?
When did ABC purchase Chicago radio station WLS?
Who wanted to establish a television station in Toronto in 1960?
What station did ABC agree to acquire a 25% interest in?
What was the name of the anthology series created by Edgar Scherick?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
Who was the executive producer of Wide World of Sports?
What company did Edgar Scherick work for?
What was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres renamed to in 1965?
What was the name of the first blind date show on ABC?
What was the name of the show that aired in July 1966?
Where was the new headquarters for ABC located?
By 1980, the three major networks represented what percentage of all prime-time television viewership in the US?
What was the name of the opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a hit?
What was the name of the Happy Days spinoff that aired in the 1980s?
What was the name of the cable channel launched by ABC in 1981?
Who did ABC sell KXYZ to in 1983?
Who did ABC arrange to purchase 80% of ESPN's shares?
What was the name of ARTS's competitor?
What was the name of the merged ARTS and The Entertainment Channel called?
Who did Thomas S. Murphy delegate his position as president to in 1990?
What two positions did Thomas S. Murphy hold at ABC in 1990?
What was Capital Cities/ABC's revenues in 1990?
What is the longest-running prime time entertainment program in ABC's history?
What was the name of the sitcom that premiered in 1991?
What is the name of the soap opera on ABC?
What are the names of the two talk/lifestyle shows on ABC?
When does Good Morning America air?
What is the name of the weeknight talk show on ABC?
Which three states do not have a locally licensed ABC affiliate?
What is the name of the low-power ABC affiliate in Birmingham, Alabama?
What is the name of the low-power ABC affiliate in South Bend, Indiana?
What is the name of the low-power ABC affiliate in Lima, Ohio?
What company produced television series for ABC in 1962?
What was Touchstone Television reorganized as in February 2007?
What was the name of ABC's first production facility?
What is the name of ABC's New York City production facility?
What is the name of the building where Good Morning America and Nightline are broadcast from?
What programs are broadcast from the Times Square Studios?
What was the name of the block of West End Avenue in 2006?
What is the name of the ABC News program that Peter Jennings anchored?
What is the name of ABC's traditional VOD service?
What video on demand service is owned by the Walt Disney Company?
When did ABC begin offering full-length episodes of its programming on Hulu?
How much of a stake does Disney have in Hulu?
When are the most recent episodes of ABC's shows usually available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand?
How many days after their initial broadcast does a show have to be available on Hulu and WATCH ABC?
What does ABC on Demand not allow?
When did Disney-ABC Television Group restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu?
What design agency was responsible for the overhaul of ABC's identity?
How many variants of the ABC logo are used on-air, online and in print advertising?
What is the name of the new custom typeface created for use in advertising and other promotional materials?
What network uses the red version of the ABC logo?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have in 1954?
How many CBS affiliates were there in 1954?
What act mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning?
What did the All-Channel Receiver Act mandate the inclusion of?
In what city was WKST-TV located?
How much lower was the viewership of ABC programming compared to its competitors?
What station in Wheeling, West Virginia began airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel in the 2000s?
When did some small markets begin to support a full-time ABC affiliate?
What was the new name of the Disneyland anthology series in 1958?
Who pitched The Untouchables to CBS?
Why did CBS reject The Untouchables?
When did The Untouchables debut?
What was the name of the movie that ABC aired on Sunday nights in 1962?
What was the total revenue of ABC in 1962?
Who created The Jetsons?
What was the name of the first animated series to be broadcast in color on ABC?
When did General Hospital debut?
What company did Goldenson propose a merger with?
Who was the head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice?
Who filed a complaint against the merger of ABC and ITT?
When did the merger between ABC and ITT end?
What company did Thomas S. Murphy work for?
How much did Capital Cities pay for ABC?
Who loaned Capital Cities $500 million to finance the purchase of ABC?
Who did ABC and Capital Cities sell WXYZ-TV to?
What was the maximum number of television stations that broadcasters could own in January 1985?
When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities receive federal approval?
What was the name of the combined company after the merger?
What position did Frederick S. Pierce hold?
Who became vice president of ABC Broadcasting?
Who became president of ABC News and ABC Sports?
What show ended its run in 1983?
What ABC show produced a spinoff in 1984?
Which network regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984?
What ABC show ended its run in 1986?
What did ABC focus on in the mid-1980s?
What was the name of the family-friendly Friday night schedule introduced by ABC in 1989?
What did "TGIF" stand for?
What studio produced many of the shows featured on the TGIF block?
What studio was Miller-Boyett Productions a part of?
What was the maximum number of radio stations a broadcasting company could own in 1968?
What was the name of the first film produced by ABC Pictures?
Who directed Charly?
When was ABC Motion Pictures dissolved?
Where was ABC Marine World located?
What types of programming did ABC offer that met the public's expectations?
How much did ABC's advertising revenues increase between 1953 and 1958?
What was the national reach of ABC?
Who was the president of ABC Entertainment in 1957?
Who was the host of American Bandstand?
What did ABC's western and detective shows do against its competitors?
What was an example of an ABC western series?
What show criticized the use of variety shows in 1961?
What type of shows did ABC air in the fall of 1959?
What was the name of the streaming service that ABC launched in May 2013?
Which two stations were the first to offer live streams of their programming on WATCH ABC?
Which television company signed a deal to offer live streams of ABC affiliates on WATCH ABC?
What is the name of ESPN's streaming service?
Who is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total?
What is the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size?
Who is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of market reach?
How many ABC affiliates does Sinclair Broadcast Group own?
How many ABC stations does the E. W. Scripps Company own?
What was the name of the new ABC imaging campaign for the 2007-08 season?
Who developed the "Start Here" campaign?
What did the red ribbons on the new ABC logo represent?
What did the blue ribbons on the ABC logo represent?
What are the two ABC affiliates in Tampa, Florida?
What are the two ABC affiliates in Kansas City, Missouri?
What are the names of the ABC affiliates in Grand Rapids, Michigan?
What was Tampa's primary ABC affiliate prior to 1994?
What did Genghis Khan found?
Who did Genghis Khan unite?
Where did Genghis Khan's invasions often result in massacres of civilian populations?
By the end of Genghis Khan's life, the Mongol Empire occupied what?
What did Genghis Khan invade?
Who did Genghis Khan assign as his successor?
When did Genghis Khan die?
Who did Genghis Khan defeat?
Who did Genghis Khan split his empire into khanates?
Where was Genghis Khan buried?
Where was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin's father?
When was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin named after?
What was Temüjin's sister's name?
What were Temüjin's three brothers?
Who was Temüjin's future wife?
What tribe was Börte a member of?
Who was the head of the new household?
Who was Temujin's older half-brother?
Who was Temujin's mother?
Who killed Begter?
When did Temujin's resentment erupt?
Who held Temüjin prisoner?
How did the Tayichi'ud enslave Temüjin?
Who helped Temüjin escape from the Tayichi'ud?
Who joined Temüjin after his escape?
Where did Temüjin escape from the Tayichi'ud?
What was used to solidify temporary alliances?
Who taught Temüjin about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
What was one of the foreign forces that influenced the political climate of Mongolia?
What did Temüjin's mother teach him about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
What tribe did Börte belong to?
Who kidnapped Börte?
Who rescued Börte from the Merkits?
What was the name of Börte's son?
When was Jochi born?
How many sons did Börte have?
What was the name of the third son of Börte?
When did Chagatai die?
What was the name of the son of Börte that lived from 1190-1232?
How many daughters did Genghis have?
What is another term for anda?
Who did Temüjin turn to for support?
Toghrul was the Khan of what tribe?
How many Keraite warriors did Toghrul offer to Temüjin?
Who did Toghrul suggest that Temüjin involve in his support?
Who did Jamukha support?
Who proclaimed that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Temüjin?
When was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?
In what battle did Jamukha defeat Temüjin?
Where was Toghrul exiled to?
What code did Temüjin use as an incentive to follow his rule of law?
What did Temüjin promise civilians and soldiers as an incentive to obey his rule?
Who did Temüjin adopt?
What did Temüjin do to the conquered tribe?
Who did Toghrul refuse to give his daughter in marriage to?
Who did Toghrul ally himself with?
Who did Toghrul ally himself with?
What tribe was dissolved after Jamukha's defeat?
Who was the next direct threat to Temüjin?
In what year did a khuruldai elected Jamukha as Gür Khan?
What was the title of Gür Khan?
Who was Jelme's younger brother?
In what year was Jamukha turned over to Temüjin?
What did Temüjin offer to Jamukha?
Why did Temüjin kill the men who betrayed Jamukha?
What did Jamukha ask for when he refused to return to Temüjin's side?
What is the custom to die without spilling blood?
Who did Genghis Khan learn siege warfare from?
Who was one of Genghis Khan's early allies?
Who was trying to drive a wedge between Genghis Khan and his loyal brother?
What system did Genghis Khan use?
Who was Genghis Khan's father's ally?
When did Temüjin unite the smaller tribes under his rule?
What was the name of the council of Mongol chiefs?
What title did Genghis Khan receive after his death?
Who was Genghis Khan's successor?
What is a Khuruldai?
Who did Genghis Khan plan to conquer in 1211?
Who defected to the Mongols?
In what year did Genghis Khan capture Zhongdu?
Where did Emperor Xuanzong move his capital to?
Who was the third son of Genghis Khan?
Who usurped the khanate of Qara Khitai?
What dynasty was the Qara Khitai originally a part of?
How many soldiers did Genghis send against Kuchlug?
Who was known as "The Arrow"?
What was Jebe's nickname?
What did the Mongols do to Kuchlug's supporters?
Where was Kuchlug's army defeated?
By 1218, the Mongol Empire had control as far west as what lake?
What was another name for the Khwarezmia?
What was the religion of the Khwarezmia Empire?
Who governed the Khwarazmian dynasty in the early 13th century?
Who was the governor of Otrar?
Who was beheaded in the second group of ambassadors sent by Genghis?
How many soldiers did Genghis Khan have?
What route did Genghis Khan use to trade with Khwarezmia?
What mountains did Genghis Khan cross to enter the Khwarezmian Empire?
How many groups did Genghis Khan divide his army into?
Where did Jebe march to?
Who led the third division?
What city did the first division of Genghis Khan's army attack?
What was decisive in the defeat of the Shah's army?
What town did the Mongol army quickly seize?
What did Genghis Khan pour into Inalchuq's ears and eyes?
What did the Shah do instead of surrender?
Who did Genghis Khan order to hunt down the Shah?
What was the capital of the Khwarezmid Empire?
Where did the Mongols move the capital to?
What did Genghis Khan divert through the Khwarezmid emperor's birthplace?
What did the Mongols use as body shields?
What did Genghis do to the soldiers that had taken arms against him?
What did the Mongols raise as a symbol of victory?
What did the city leaders do to the Mongols?
Who held the city's citadel for twelve days?
Who were sent back to Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan call himself?
Who was drafted into the Mongolian army?
When did Genghis Khan defeat the Khwarezmian Empire?
Who suggested that the Mongol army be split into two?
Where did the Mongols overwintered?
At what battle did Subutai's forces defeat the Kievan Rus?
Who led the Kievan Rus?
Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan?
What was the name of Batu's group?
Who led the famous cavalry expedition that encircled the Caspian Sea?
When did Subutai and Jebe return to Mongolia?
Where did Jebe die?
When did Genghis Khan begin a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts?
When did Genghis take Xiliang-fu?
Who did the Tangut generals challenge to a battle near the Helan Mountains?
What river did Genghis Khan cross to take Lingzhou?
What did Genghis Khan see at Lingzhou?
What was the capital of the Tangut?
Who was the Tangut general at Deshun?
What did Ma Jianlong use to die?
Where did Genghis Khan go after conquering Deshun?
What did Genghis Khan do to the Tangut family?
Who was Genghis' oldest son?
Who was the strongest proponent of Jochi's paternity?
What did Genghis Khan do to the Khwarezmid Empire?
Who was appointed as Genghis Khan's successor?
Which two of Genghis Khan's sons were considered unstable?
Who was considered unstable due to his temper and rash behavior?
Who was Genghis Khan's youngest son?
Who did Genghis Khan give the throne to?
When did Jochi die?
Where did Jochi remain when his brothers went to join his father?
What city did Jochi try to protect from destruction?
Who did Jochi make an alliance with?
Why is the accuracy of Juzjani's story questionable?
What was the capital of the Western Xia?
In what activity did Genghis fall from his horse?
What type of wound did Marco Polo say Genghis Khan died from?
Who was the capital of Yinchuan?
Who did some Mongol authors believe was responsible for Genghis Khan's death?
How did Genghis Khan want to be buried?
Where was Genghis Khan's birthplace?
What river is believed to be near Genghis Khan's birthplace?
What is the name of Genghis Khan's memorial?
What is another name for the Lord's Enclosure?
Where was the mausoleum moved to for 10 years?
Where was the mausoleum moved to in 1949?
In what year was Genghis Khan's bier and relics returned to Mongolia?
Who destroyed most of the value of the mausoleum during the Cultural Revolution?
When did a joint Japanese-Mongolian dig uncover Genghis Khan's palace?
What was diverted over Genghis Khan's grave to make it impossible to find?
What were the other two kings who were buried in the same manner as Genghis Khan?
What animals are said to have stampeded over Genghis Khan's grave?
Who created the Yassa?
What was the name of the civilian and military code of the Mongol Empire?
What type of government did the Mongol Empire adopt?
Who was the exception to the meritocracy of the Mongol Empire?
Who was one of the diverse Khans of various ethnicities that were part of the Mongol Empire?
What did the Mongol Empire offer to religious figures?
Who was Genghis Khan's mentor?
What did Mongol tradition hold about religion?
What were the religions of the Mongol tribes?
Who was the first female Khagan of the Mongol Empire?
What was the policy of encouraging trade and communication called?
What sedentary people did Genghis Khan try to eliminate from his state?
What did Genghis Khan want to establish?
Who became a confidant of the successive Mongol Khans?
Why did Genghis Khan not find administrators in his people?
Who did Chu'Tsai work for?
Who did Chu'Tsai come from?
Who did Genghis Khan put absolute trust in?
What was the capital of the Mongol Empire?
Who was given command of the Mongol forces against the Jin dynasty?
Which two generals were allowed to lead the Great Raid into the Caucasus and Kievan Rus?
What did Genghis Khan expect from his generals?
What did the Mongol military divert to cut off resources for cities and towns?
Who did the Mongols use to aid them in siege warfare?
What was a common tactic of the Mongol military?
How did the Mongol military cut off resources for cities and towns?
At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to what sea?
At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Sea of Japan to what body of water?
Who was Genghis's successor?
When did the Song dynasty of China end?
What is Genghis Khan credited with bringing together?
In what country is Genghis Khan considered a great military leader?
What type of religion did Genghis Khan have?
What did Genghis Khan do to communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia?
When did the memory of Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity have a revival?
What did Genghis Khan do?
What do Mongolians call themselves?
What is there a chasm in the perception of about Genghis Khan?
What do Mongolians believe about the historical records written by non-Mongolians?
What is the Mongolian word for 20,000?
Who is endorsed on products, streets, buildings, and other places in Mongolia?
What is the name of Mongolia's main international airport?
Why have there been discussions about regulating the use of Genghis Khan's name and image?
Where is Mongolia's main international airport located?
What is the name of the first written Mongolian law?
What did the Ikh Zasag law target?
Who is the president of Mongolia?
What script did Genghis Khan introduce?
In what region of China is there a monument to Genghis Khan?
What is the population of the Inner Mongolia region?
Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan?
What dynasty did Kublai Khan establish?
Who was Kublai Khan?
In what country did Genghis Khan cause the most damage?
How much of the Iranian Plateau's population was killed by the Mongols?
How many people were estimated to have died on the Iranian Plateau?
Who was the descendant of Genghis Khan?
Who stopped Hulagu Khan's invasion of Baghdad?
Who was the descendant of Hulagu Khan?
When did Batu Khan invade Kievan Rus?
What were the two exceptions to the Mongols' destruction of Eastern Europe?
Who were proud descendants of Genghis Khan and Timur?
Who did the Mughal emperors patronize?
Where was Attar from?
What did the Mongols call Lake Baikal?
What lake was called tenggis by the Mongols?
What does Zhèng mean?
What is the Chinese word for "right" or "true"?
What was the 13th century Mongolian pronunciation of Genghis?
What is the Mongolian name for Genghis Khan?
What is the Turkic name for Genghis Khan?
What is the pinyin for Temüjin?
What are some of the names for Genghis Khan in English?
What is the pinyin for Genghis Khan?
What is the word pharmacy derived from?
What did a pharma sell in addition to medicines?
What did the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply?
What is the term apothecary today seen as?
What did pharmas also use?
What are pharmacists?
What do pharmacists strive to ensure for their patients?
What do pharmacists play an important role in?
What are pharmacists also known as?
What do pharmacists have?
Who does a pharmacy technician work under in the UK?
What does a pharmacy technician have to register as a professional on?
What does the GPhC do?
What is a pharmacy technician considered to be in the UK?
What has the role of a Pharmacy Technician grown in the UK?
What is Pedanius Dioscorides famous for?
What was the name of the book written by Pedanius Dioscorides?
What term was coined by Pedanius Dioscorides?
Who was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants in Ancient Greece?
Who built upon De Materia Medica during the Islamic Golden Age?
What was the status of pharmacists in Japan at the end of the Asuka period and the early Nara period?
What two codes defined the place of pharmacists in society in Japan?
Where were ranked positions established in Japan?
What was the status of pharmacists in Japan?
How was the pharmacist ranked in the Imperial household?
What advances in the Middle East led medicine in medieval Islam to develop pharmacology?
Who promoted the use of chemical compounds in medieval Islam?
Who pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation?
Who wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies?
What two compounds did Al-Muwaffaq make clear distinction between?
When did the pharmacies in Dubrovnik, Croatia open?
Where was the oldest pharmacy located?
What is the Esteve Pharmacy in Llívia?
What does the medieval Esteve Pharmacy have?
When did the oldest pharmacy in Italy open?
In most countries, the dispensary is subject to what?
Where did pharmacists once stay?
What are pharmacy technicians now more dependent on?
What do pharmacy technicians deal with?
What are some of the requirements of pharmacy legislation?
What is one way that pharmacists in hospitals gain more education and training?
What do clinical pharmacists specialize in?
Along with safety of medications, patient compliance issues and specific indications, what is a major concern for pharmacists?
What type of pharmacists gain more education and training through a pharmacy practice residency?
Where can hospital pharmacies be found?
What are most hospital medications?
What have some hospital pharmacies decided to outsource to companies who specialize in compounding?
What is one of the reasons that makes it imperative that hospital pharmacies perform at the highest level possible?
Why are hospital pharmacies different from community pharmacies?
What do pharmacists do?
Where did the clinical pharmacy movement begin?
Who do pharmacists collaborate with to improve pharmaceutical care?
What do pharmacists often participate in?
Where do pharmacists care for patients?
What is the role of a clinical pharmacist?
What does the review process often involve?
What are some things that a pharmacist might review during the drug review process?
What do a pharmacist monitor?
What are ambulatory care pharmacists given in the U.S. federal health care system?
In what states are ambulatory care pharmacists given collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority?
When did the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approve ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification?
What is the official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam?
What are some of the federal health care systems in the US?
What does a consultant pharmacy practice focus on?
Where do consultant pharmacists usually work?
What are some large pharmacy management companies in the United States?
Why are consultant pharmacists beginning to work directly with patients?
What do some community pharmacies do?
When did a growing number of Internet pharmacies begin?
What type of pharmacies are many of the internet pharmacies similar to?
What are internet pharmacies also known as?
Why do some customers prefer online pharmacies to community pharmacies?
What is the main difference between an online pharmacy and a brick-and-mortar pharmacy?
Why do customers order drugs from Internet pharmacies?
Who has criticized the use of internet pharmacies?
What have there been reports of Internet pharmacies doing?
What do some internet pharmacies do?
What do most internet pharmacies do?
What is a particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
What must happen for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid in the United States?
What is a particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
What must happen for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid in the United States?
What is the responsibility of the filling pharmacy?
What outlines what defines a valid patient-doctor relationship?
What is an example of a controlled substance that can be obtained via the internet?
Why is there a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries?
What country has there been a push to legalize importation of medications from?
Who is enforcement of prescription medications targeted at?
How many U.S. citizens have ever been charged by authorities for buying Canadian drugs with a prescription?
What has the United States been trying to do in order to reduce consumer costs?
What is pharmacy informatics a combination of?
Where can pharmacy informaticists work?
What is pharmacy informatics growing to meet?
What are pharmacy informaticists trained to participate in?
How is pharmacy informatics growing?
What type of pharmacies carry novel medications that need to be properly stored?
How many of the 28 newly FDA approved medications in 2013 were specialty drugs?
What are some of the diseases that specialty pharmacies supply?
What type of drugs do specialty pharmacies carry?
What do specialty pharmacies provide?
How are pharmacists regulated in the United States?
Who can supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public?
What organization's Code of Ethics allows physicians to dispense drugs within their office practices?
What percentage of American physicians dispense drugs on their own?
What are pharmacists not allowed to do with physicians?
What other country has a law that allows general physicians to dispense medicines from their practice if it is more than 4 kilometers away?
Where are dispensing physicians allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines?
What is the minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy in the United Kingdom?
How far away is the nearest pharmacy in Austria?
What is the reason for the majority rule?
Why does a physician exaggerate conditions?
What does the majority rule system resemble?
What does a physician do in order to sell more medications to the patient?
What is the patient's interest?
What are pharmacists expected to do in the coming decades?
What are pharmacists expected to be compensated for in the coming decades?
What does Medication Therapy Management include?
What are the clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients?
What is the result of Medication Therapy Management?
What two provinces in Canada have limited prescribing rights?
Who pays pharmacists in Australia to conduct Home Medicines Reviews?
What are pharmacists in the UK being paid for by the government?
What has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy in the United States?
What degree is required before entering practice in the United States?
What are the two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries?
What was used until the early 20th century?
In what country is the Bowl of Hygieia often used?
In what countries is the letter A used as a pharmacy symbol?
What countries use the green Greek cross as a symbol?
What is the immune system?
What does the immune system have to detect to function properly?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What protects the brain in humans?
What is the immune system?
What are some examples of agents that an immune system must detect?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What does the immune system protect against?
What are the agents that an immune system must detect called?
What protects the brain in humans?
What are the names of the fluid-brain barriers that separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system?
What are the agents that an immune system must detect called?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What protects the brain in humans?
How can pathogens avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system?
What is a rudimentary immune system in bacteria?
Where did the complement system come from?
What does adaptive immunity do?
What type of infection do enzymes in bacteria protect against?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What is the process of acquired immunity the basis of?
What creates immunological memory after an initial response?
What can disorders of the immune system result in?
When does immunodeficiency occur?
What does immunodeficiency result in?
What can cause immunodeficiency in humans?
Along with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus, what
What occurs when the immune system is less active than normal?
What results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms?
What is the study of all aspects of the immune system called?
What is an example of an acquired condition that can cause immunodeficiency?
When was the first known reference to immunity?
What type of venom did Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis study?
Who developed the germ theory of disease?
Who discovered the yellow fever virus?
Who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905?
What were Robert Koch's 1891 proofs confirmed as the cause of infectious disease?
What virus was discovered by Walter Reed?
When was the first known reference to immunity?
What is the name of the memory that the adaptive immune system uses to mount stronger attacks each time it encounters a pathogen?
What provides an immediate, but non-specific response if a pathogen breaches the physical barriers?
What is the second layer of protection vertebrates have?
What is found in all plants and animals?
What is the second layer of protection vertebrates have?
What is the name of the memory that the adaptive immune system uses to mount stronger attacks each time it encounters a pathogen?
What prevent pathogens from entering an organism?
Both innate and adaptive immunity depend on the ability of the immune system to distinguish between what two types of molecules?
What type of molecules are called antigens?
What are antigens?
What are substances that bind to specific immune receptors and elicit an immune response called?
What do antigens bind to to elicit an immune response?
What is the innate response triggered by when microbes are identified?
What is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms?
What do pattern recognition receptors recognize?
What is it called when an immune system responds to pathogens in a generic way?
What is the first line of defense against infection of insects?
What is the first line of defense against infection in leaves?
How do the lungs eject pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory tract?
What secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract serves to trap and entangle microorganisms?
Along with urine, what is used to expel pathogens from the body?
What antimicrobial peptides do the skin and respiratory tract secrete?
What enzymes are found in saliva, tears, and breast milk?
What does semen contain to kill pathogens?
What are the chemical defenses in the stomach against ingested pathogens?
What is the name of the time when Vaginal secretions become slightly acidic?
What serves as biological barriers?
What do most antibiotics not affect?
What type of bacteria is normally found in unpasteurized yogurt?
What do commensal flora change in their environment?
What is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection?
What causes the symptoms of inflammation?
What is inflammation produced by?
What eicosanoids produce fever and the dilation of blood vessels?
What is responsible for communication between white blood cells?
What cells are responsible for Phagocytosis?
How are phagocytes called to specific locations?
What is the intracellular vesicle that a pathogen is trapped in called?
What does a lysosome and a phagosome form?
What did phagocytosis evolve as a means of?
What are phagocytes that travel throughout the body?
What is the most abundant type of phagocyte?
What percentage of circulating leukocytes are neutrophils?
What is it called when neutrophils migrate toward the site of inflammation?
What regulatory factor do macrophages produce?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
In addition to the innate immune system, what other system do innate cells activate?
What are phagocytes?
What are phagocytes in tissues that are in contact with the external environment called?
What are dendritic cells named after?
Dendritic cells present antigens to what type of cells?
Dendritic cells present antigens to what type of cells?
What is it called when NK cells recognize compromised host cells?
What are NK cells?
What is the term for cells with low levels of a cell-surface marker?
What put the brakes on NK cells?
Where did the adaptive immune system evolve from?
What is the process of recognizing non-self antigens called?
Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to what?
What are the two major subtypes of T cells?
What type of T cells have a role in modulating immune response?
What do killer T cells only recognize?
What do regulatory T cells only recognize?
What type of T cells recognize intact antigens that are not bound to MHC receptors?
What type of T cells kill cells that are infected with viruses?
What is the name of the co-receptor on the T cell that helps recognize the MHC:antigen complex?
What binds to a specific antigen in a complex with another cell?
What is a protease?
What is an example of a cytotoxins?
The MHC:antigen complex is also recognized by what?
How many receptors on the helper T cell must be bound by an MHC:antigen in order to activate the helper cell?
How can killer T cells be activated?
What does the activation of a resting helper T cell cause it to release?
What is another name for CD154?
What do Gamma delta T cells share the characteristics of?
What do Gamma delta T cells possess?
What are Gamma delta T cells?
What do γδ T cells rearrange TCR genes to produce?
What type of T cells respond within hours to common molecules produced by microbes?
What cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen?
What is the process of processing the antigen/antibody complex into peptides called?
What does a helper T cell release to activate the B cell?
What do B cells and T cells become when they are activated?
What is it called when memory cells are activated and begin to replicate?
What are two forms of immunological memory?
What do memory cells remember?
Newborn infants have no prior exposure to what and are particularly vulnerable to infection?
What type of antibody is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta?
What contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant?
What is it called when a fetus borrows antibodies from its mother?
What do hormones act as?
Female sex hormones are known immunostimulators of what?
What autoimmune diseases strike women preferentially?
What is the effect of testosterone on the body?
What protein is closely intertwined with T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms?
What are some chronic conditions that can be caused by the disruption of circadian rhythms?
What can cause a lower immune response than a well-rested person?
What is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals?
What does the skin become less adept at producing as people age?
What is regulated by the immune system?
What does UVB radiation produce?
What does the immune system use to destroy abnormal cells?
What are tumor antigens presented on?
Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to what?
What are generated against tumor cells?
What type of cells do plants lack?
What are molecules associated with pathogens called?
What happens to cells at the site of infection when a plant has a hypersensitive response?
What is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent?
What can block virus replication?
What is the other end of immune dysfunction?
What does the immune system fail to distinguish between?
Where are specialized cells located?
What do many T cells and antibodies react with?
What is it called when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive?
In what two age groups is the ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens diminished?
When do immune responses begin to decline in the elderly?
What are the three most common causes of poor immune function in developed countries?
What is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries?
What is the most effective manipulation of the immune system mankind has developed?
What is another name for vaccination?
What is the principle behind vaccination?
What does vaccination exploit?
What do bacteria release to overcome physical barriers?
What type of secretion system allows bacteria to insert a hollow tube into the host cell?
What are proteins in the type III secretion system used to do?
What does the success of any pathogen depend on?
Who developed the clonal selection theory?
What are two examples of non-self entities that trigger a destructive immune response?
Along with the complex "two-signal" activation of T cells, what was CST later modified to reflect new discoveries?
Who suggested the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What are the most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs?
What are lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs often used in conjunction with?
What are two examples of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs?
What is an example of an immunosuppressive drug?
What cells peak during wake periods?
What anti-inflammatory molecules peak during awake active times?
What can cause inflammation to occur during sleep?
What can the presence of melatonin counteract during sleep?
What does a T-cell extend when it encounters a foreign pathogen?
What is the steroid hormone version of vitamin D?
What type of relationship do T-cells have with vitamin D?
What gene does a T-cell express?
What other immune system cells express CYP27B1 and activate vitamin D calcidiol?
What are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens?
What is the main form of invertebrate systemic immunity?
Along with the complement system, what type of cells are used by most forms of invertebrate life?
What is thought to play a role in the immune response to viruses?
What are two classical molecules of the adaptive immune system?
What are two examples of primitive jawless vertebrates?
What is the name of the large array of molecules found in primitive jawless vertebrates?
What type of immune system evolved in an ancestor of jawed vertebrates?
In invertebrates do not generate what type of immune cells?
What is the name of the unique defense mechanism that bacteria use to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
What do bacteria use to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
Prokaryotes use what type of sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of phage?
What two theories did the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century see a battle between?
Who represented the cellular theory of immunity?
What did Elie Metchnikoff believe were responsible for immune responses?
Who held the humoral theory of immunity?
What did the humoral theory of immunity believe were the active immune agents?
What do some tumors go on to become?
What molecules do tumor cells often have a reduced number of on their surface?
What does a tumor cells release that suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes?
TGF-β suppresses the activity of what cells?
What is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues?
How many classes of hypersensitivity are there?
What type of hypersensitivity is associated with allergy?
What triggers degranulation of mast cells?
What type of hypersensitivity occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on the patient's own cells?
What is it called when a pathogen hides within the cells of their host?
What is an example of an intracellular bacterium?
What eukaryotic parasites cause malaria?
What bacteria live inside a protective capsule that prevents lysis by complement?
What does Staphylococcus aureus have?
What is it called when a pathogen changes non-essential epitopes on the surface of the pathogen while keeping essential epitopes concealed?
What is an example of a virus that mutates rapidly?
What parasite uses a similar strategy?
What does HIV change constantly?
What is it called when the immune system identifies and eliminates tumors?
What virus causes cervical cancer?
What enzyme transforms certain skin cells into tumors?
What are melanocytes called when they are transformed into tumors?
What type of skin cells are called melanomas?
What is the largest size of a drug that can provoke a neutralizing immune response?
What amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions?
What is the study of large sets of proteins involved in the immune response called?
A publicly accessible database has been established for the cataloguing of epitopes from pathogens known to be recognizable by what?
What is the emerging field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity called?
What hormones are increased during the slow-wave-sleep stage?
The milieu of hormones produced at the slow-wave-sleep stage support the interactions between T-cells and what?
What immune response does the milieu of hormones produced at the slow-wave-sleep stage support?
What does the milieu of hormones produced at the slow-wave-sleep stage support the formation of long-lasting immune memory?
What do complement proteins bind to on the surfaces of microbes?
How can deposition of complement kill cells directly?
What causes the speed of the killing response?
What is the name of the process that amplifies the initial signal by controlled positive feedback?
What is one of the many ways people have rebelled against unfair laws?
What did South Africa fight against?
What was the name of the movement to bring independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union?
In what country did the Orange Revolution take place?
In what country did the 2003 Rose Revolution take place?
Who started the 1919 Revolution?
Who did the Egyptians fight against in the 1919 Revolution?
What type of movement has civil disobedience been used in?
What have people rebelled against?
What was the name of the movement that used civil disobedience?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who was Oedipus?
Who is the current King of Thebes?
Who was the former King of Thebes?
What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who wrote the play Antigone?
Who does Antigone defy?
What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What did Antigone tell Creon that she must do?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What type of protest was Shelley's The Mask of Anarchy?
What was the name of Gandhi's doctrine of nonviolent protest?
What did Gandhi often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy during his campaign for?
Who wrote Civil Disobedience?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What did Shelley believe to be the cause of the Peterloo massacre?
The Mask of Anarchy is the first modern statement of what principle?
What was the name of Gandhi's work based on The Mask of Anarchy?
Who wrote Satyagraha?
What did Vice President Agnew say civil disobedience was used to describe?
Who said the term civil disobedience has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal
What has the term "civil disobedience" always suffered from?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become in modern times?
What has the term "civil disobedience" done in modern times?
Who said the term civil disobedience has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal
What has the term "civil disobedience" become for Vice President Agnew?
Who was a notable example of someone who used the term "civil disobedience" as a code-word?
What has the term "civil disobedience" always suffered from?
Who wrote that the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible?
What does LeGrande think the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of civil disobedience is?
What does LeGrande encourage a distinction between?
What type of problems does LeGrande say civil disobedience literature has?
What type of terminology has no more or less meaning than the individual orator intends?
Who wrote that the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible?
What type of literature does LeGrande write about civil disobedience?
What does LeGrande say a student of civil disobedience quickly finds himself surrounded by?
Along with violent civil disobedience and lawful protest demonstration, what type of civil disobedience does LeGrande encourage?
Along with lawful protest demonstration and non-violent civil disobedience, what type of civil disobedience does LeGrande discourage?
What is it called when two public agencies conflict?
What type of relation is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation?
Why would a head of government refuse to enforce a decision of a country's highest court?
What is the term for a citizen's relation to the state and its laws?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to?
What would not be civil disobedience if the head of government of a country did what?
Who would be acting as a public official rather than a private citizen?
What type of citizen would a head of government be if they refused to enforce a decision of the highest court?
What are two public agencies in a constitutional impasse?
Who argued that the individual is the final judge of right and wrong?
What happened to Thoreau after he refused to pay a tax?
What did Thoreau say about the majority?
What did Thoreau advise a taxman to do when he refused to pay?
Who did Thoreau believe could express the will of the majority?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who argued that the individual is the final judge of right and wrong?
What did Thoreau advise a taxman to do when he refused to pay?
What did Thoreau say about the majority?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against what?
What are some non-governmental agencies that Brownlee argues can be used to justify civil disobedience?
What does Brownlee believe should be a larger challenge to than the decisions of non-governmental agencies?
What does Brownlee believe the same principle applies to breaches of law in protest against?
Who argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects " a larger challenge to the legal system that permits
What does Brownlee believe is necessary for civil disobedience to be justified?
What do some theories of civil disobedience hold?
Along with trade unions, banks, and private agencies, what is an example of a non-governmental entity that Brownlee argues can be justified?
What does Stephen Eilmann believe should take the form of public civil disobedience?
What does Stephen Eilmann believe is more effective than public civil disobedience?
What did Hitler's secret police want to know about German citizens?
Where did Shiphrah and Puah refuse a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did it?
Who refused a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did it?
What must be done in order for lawbreaking to be considered civil disobedience?
What does Stephen Eilmann argue should be disobeyed if it is necessary to disobey?
What might a lawyer do to help a client overcome legal obstacles to securing her natural rights?
What did the Fully Informed Jury Association's publication "A Primer for Prospective Jurors" note?
Where can civil disobedience be traced back to?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is more destructive?
What do civil disobedients' refraining from violence help preserve?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What type of civil disobedience has there been debates about?
What is more destructive?
What is rebellion considered to be?
What is the purpose of non-violent civil disobedience?
What type of civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government?
Who was the leader of the Hungarians?
Who's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
What does revolutionary civil disobedience attempt to change?
What is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the reason for non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the goal of non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What type of civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
When did the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience take place?
What did the Jews do to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple?
How was Thoreau's arrest covered?
What happened to the tax collector who arrested Thoreau?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
When did the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience take place?
What did the Jews gather in the streets to do?
What do some activists do when they commit civil disobedience as a group?
What is it called when activists refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
What type of acts have civil disobedients chosen?
What is the purpose of illegal protests?
What group brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the U.S. Government?
How long did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna?
What did Julia Butterfly Hill do with Luna?
What have civil disobedients chosen a variety of?
What is an example of an illegal act that Bedau says would be considered a nuisance even if it were widely practiced?
What type of illegal protests may serve a propaganda purpose?
What is the goal of medical cannabis dispensaries and Voice in the Wilderness?
Who lived in Luna?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
What did Joseph Haas say in his email?
What is pure speech?
What was the result of WBAI broadcasting the track "Filthy Words"?
When was the case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation?
What type of behavior can be criminalized in cases of civil disobedience?
What did WBAI do that led to the Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation?
What is a classic way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies?
What did Joseph Haas do to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors?
What do some forms of civil disobedience make it more difficult for?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What type of coercion can civil disobedients use in order to get their issue onto the table?
What is it called when civil disobedience makes it more difficult for a system to function?
What is another form of civil disobedience?
What do civil disobedients use to get their issue onto the table?
What is the conscientious aim of civil disobedients?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
Many of the same decisions and principles that apply in civil disobedience cases arise also in what other type of investigations?
What can a suspect decide about his property?
What can serve no useful purpose, and may be harmful?
Why do some civil disobedients find it hard to resist responding to investigators?
What do some civil disobedients do when they are arrested?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to do?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of?
What do some civil disobedients not believe in?
What group of people don't believe in the legitimacy of any government?
What do anarchists see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law?
What is an important decision for civil disobedients?
What do some believe is a civil disobedient's duty to do?
What does a civil disobedient say when they plead not guilty?
What does pleading not guilty send a message of?
What is it called when a defendant says "I plead for the beauty that surrounds us"?
Where did the Committee for Non-Violent Action sponsor a protest in 1957?
What did the protesters do when they knew they were going to be arrested?
What happened to the protesters who tried to enter the test site?
What did Heisler advise the protesters to plead?
What was the sentence given to the arrested protesters?
Why might protesters choose to go to jail?
What does Howard Zinn believe protesters use jail as a way to do?
What is the key point?
What should be eliminated as an accession to'the rules'?
What did the prosecution propose to civil disobedients?
What did the Camden 28 receive?
What do some activists use to secure the same plea bargain for everyone?
What type of plea bargain do some activists choose to enter?
Who was one of the activists who entered a blind plea?
What type of speech do some civil disobedience defendants make?
What is a defiant speech?
What did the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit say Burgos-Andujar's statement suggested?
What did the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit say Burgos-Andujar's speech suggested?
What did the protesters complain about in their allocution speeches?
What is the primary goal of a defendant when pleading not guilty?
What is one of the two options that defendants have when pleading not guilty?
What is the purpose of pleading not guilty?
During what war did the Chicago Eight use a political defense?
What do some civil disobedients seek?
What type of disobedience is neither conscientious nor of social benefit?
What type of disobedience is believed to undermine the law?
What is it argued is not civil disobedience when a homosexual or cannabis user does not direct his act at securing the repeal of amendment of the
What is a protestor who tries to escape punishment by committing a crime covertly or by fleeing the jurisdiction viewed as?
What is one way a protestor can escape punishment?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest?
During what war did courts typically refuse to excuse the perpetrators of illegal protests from punishment on the basis of their challenging the legality of the war?
What did the judge instruct the jury to disregard?
Why have Fully Informed Jury Association activists escaped prosecution?
Along with deterrence, what is a major goal of criminal punishment?
What is the most important consideration in deciding whether or not to impose punishment?
Who is responsible for deciding whether or not to impose punishment?
What does Brownlee believe the focus on the threat of punishment detract from?
What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure called?
What does construction differ from?
How much of the gross domestic product of developed countries does construction make up?
What does construction start with?
For whom does construction typically take place on location?
Who normally manages the job?
Who supervises the construction of a megaproject?
What is essential for the successful execution of a project?
What are the largest construction projects referred to as?
Who must consider zoning requirements?
What are the three sectors of construction?
What are the two divisions of building construction?
What is infrastructure often called?
What is often called heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering?
 refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants are part of what sector of construction?
What is ENR?
What is the name of the trade magazine for the construction industry?
In what year did ENR compile the data in nine market segments?
What did ENR use to rank firms as heavy contractors?
What are the three subsectors of the Standard Industrial Classification?
What are two other categories for companies that manage construction projects?
Which two classification systems have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction?
What is a construction manager?
What is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings called?
What are the majority of building construction jobs?
Who acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project?
What are some undesirable end results of building construction projects?
What do those with experience in the field of building construction do to ensure a positive outcome?
What must residential construction practices, technologies, and resources conform to?
What dictates the construction materials used?
What can residential construction generate?
What can vary dramatically on a per square meter basis for houses?
What is making new techniques of building construction possible?
How long does it take to build a small commercial building with built-in plumbing and electrical facilities?
Are working versions of 3D-printing building technology already printing?
How much material can 3D-printing building technology produce per hour?
What is the purpose of a formal design team?
What does construction usually involve the translation of in the modern industrialized world?
Who is the design team most commonly employed by?
Who provides a bill of quantities?
Who is awarded a contract after evaluation of bids?
The modern trend in design is toward integration of what?
In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be what?
What is the term for a firm that has experts from all related fields as employees?
What is it called when a contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction while adhering to the performance specifications
What are some ways a project structure can assist the owner in integration?
What services do project structures allow the owner to integrate?
What are many companies putting more emphasis on?
What can construction projects suffer from?
When do underbids happen?
When do cash flow problems occur?
What is a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field?
Who is involved in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project?
Who is most likely to be involved in the financial management of a building construction project?
Who is responsible for studying the expected monetary flow over the life of the project?
What can cause cost overruns with government projects?
Who applies expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation?
What must a project adhere to?
Who does not benefit from a project that fails to adhere to codes?
What is malum in se considerations?
What are malum prohibitum considerations?
Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built?
What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?
What is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties called?
What does the time element in construction mean?
What must a contract be designed to ensure?
What type of contracts lead to confusion and collapse?
What is a new form of procurement that involves?
What does PPs stand for?
What is another name for Public-Private Partnering?
What is the focus of relationship contracting?
Who acts as the project coordinator?
What does the architect or engineer act as in the most common method of construction procurement?
Who has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor?
Who does the architect's client have a direct contractual relationship with?
When does the procedure continue until?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
What type of contractors are involved in a design-bid-build contract?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
What type of contractors work together on a D&B project?
What happens after the first phase of a project is built?
Who is required to verify and have existing utility lines marked before the foundation can be dug?
What can cause outages and hazardous situations?
What types of utility lines are marked before the foundation is dug?
Who inspects a building periodically during construction?
What can be issued after a final inspection?
What was the annual revenue of the US construction industry in 2014?
How much of the construction industry is private?
How many firms were in the construction industry as of 2005?
How many employees does the average contractor have?
How many women were employed in the construction industry as of 2011?
What is the average earning for a professional in the Middle East?
What is the average salary in the UK for a professional in the construction industry?
In what two countries do some construction workers earn more than $100,000 per year?
What is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world?
What is one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers?
What are the other major causes of fatalities in the construction industry?
What can curtail the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry?
What are private schools also known as?
What type of scholarship can a student get at a private school?
What do private schools charge?
What right do private schools retain?
What is the average annual tuition at a preparatory school in New England?
What is the term for schools that charge nothing for tuition in North America?
Along with the United Kingdom and Canada, what other Commonwealth country uses the term "tuition-free" to refer to education?
In what country does private education cover the whole gamut of educational activity?
What is year twelve known as?
What is another name for year 13?
What is another name for university-preparatory schools?
Along with the location of the school, the willingness of parents to pay and the school's financial endowment, what is another factor that
Who do private schools claim high tuition is used to pay higher salaries for?
What type of schools are parochial schools?
What is one religious group that is represented in K-12 private schools?
What type of education do denominational schools teach?
What is a tool that private schools have that is not available to government schools?
What is a compulsory uniform in Australian private schools?
Are private schools in Australia more or less expensive than public schools?
What is the name of the Presbyterian church?
What is the religion of St Joseph's College?
Where is St Aloysius' College located?
For what gender are Loreto Kirribilli and Monte Sant Angelo Mercy College?
In what article of the Grundgesetz is the right to create private schools in Germany?
What is the protection of private schools meant to protect them from?
What was the percentage of students in private schools in Germany between 1992 and 2008?
What was the percentage of students in private high schools in Germany in 2008?
What was the percentage of students in private schools in the former GDR in 1992?
What is it called when a school forbids segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents?
What are ordinary primary or secondary schools run by private individuals?
How much do most Ersatzschulen charge for tuition?
What are secondary or post-secondary schools called in Germany?
What type of school are most of the Ergänzungsschulen?
What type of fees do Ergänzungsschulen charge their students?
What type of groups rarely run Ergänzungsschulen?
What are private schools called in India?
Along with the CISCE and NENBSE, what is the most prominent Examination Boards in India?
How many Examination Boards are there in India?
Who provides the broad policy directions for private schools in India?
Along with non-profit trusts, what groups can run schools in India?
In what country can only non-profit trusts and societies run schools?
What does ASER stand for?
What does the ASER do?
What language is used in private schools in India?
What are private schools in Ireland called?
Why are private schools unusual in Ireland?
What is the average fee for private schools in Ireland?
What is the name of the religious order that runs most private schools in Ireland?
What is the average fee for a private school in Ireland?
When did Malaysia gain independence?
What language were primary schools allowed to retain as the medium of instruction?
What language were Chinese secondary schools required to change to?
What type of school system did Malaysia adopt after independence?
How many Chinese schools were converted to National Type schools?
What are the schools that accept government funds called?
How are private schools funded in Nepal?
Where is the Galaxy Public School located?
What is the primary language of education in Nepal?
Along with English, what is the official language of Nepal?
How many private schools are in New Zealand?
How many students attend private schools in New Zealand?
What percentage of New Zealand students attend private schools?
What type of school system was integrated in New Zealand between 1979 and 1984?
What is the largest city in New Zealand?
What religion are most private schools in New Zealand?
Where is Samuel Marsden Collegiate School located?
What religion is Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College?
Where is Rangi Ruru Girls' School located?
What is the name of the Catholic schismatic group that operates three private schools in Wanganui?
What percentage of primary enrollment in the Philippines is provided by the private sector?
What percentage of secondary enrollment in the Philippines is provided by the private sector?
What percentage of tertiary enrollment in the Philippines is provided by the private sector?
When was the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools issued?
Along with English, mathematics and values education, what is now offered in private schools in the Philippines?
What scheme provides financial assistance for students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows?
What is the name of the program that provides financial assistance to students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes?
What is made available to underprivileged high school graduates who wish to pursue college/technical education?
What law recognizes two categories of schools in South Africa?
When was the South African Schools Act passed?
What does the South African Schools Act of 1996 recognize?
What type of schools are independent?
In what century were some of the oldest schools in South Africa established?
What does the term "Model C" still refer to?
Do Model C schools produce better or worse academic results than other schools?
How do Model C schools compare to other public schools in South Africa?
What percentage of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008?
How many students does Kunskapsskolan teach?
How many employees does Kunskapsskolan have?
What does Kunskapsskolan mean?
What type of school model is Sweden known for?
At what age do students in the UK go to preparatory schools?
What is the name given to private schools that are open to pupils from anywhere?
According to The Good Schools Guide, what percentage of children in the UK are attending fee-paying schools?
At what age do students in the UK go to preparatory schools?
What is the average fee for day pupils at an independent school in the UK?
What was the name of the 1954 court case that demanded US schools desegregate?
What type of private schools have shut down since the 1970s?
In what part of the US did many white students migrate to private academies?
What race of students migrated to private schools after Brown v. Board of Education?
What group of students did public schools become more heavily concentrated with after Brown v. Board of Education?
Along with tuition, scholarship/voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals, what type of funding is provided to
Which amendment of the Constitution forbids government funding of religious schools?
Which amendment of the First Amendment forbids government funding of religious schools?
What type of status allows non-religious private schools to receive public funding?
In what state did private schooling begin?
When did private schooling begin in Massachusetts?
When was Pierce v. Society of Sisters decided?
What court case was Pierce v. Society of Sisters?
What was the name of the 1976 Supreme Court case on private schooling?
What was the average tuition for day schools in New York City in 2012?
What is the average tuition for boarding schools in the United States?
What is one of the leading boarding schools in the United States?
What does the Groton School do to supplement its endowments?
Who was the first benefactor of Harvard?
When did the undergraduate college of Harvard become coeducational?
Who led the university through the Great Depression and World War II?
What organization was Harvard a founding member of in 1900?
Who was the president of Harvard from 1869-1909?
What is the name of the world's largest academic and private library system?
How many libraries does the Harvard Library have?
How many volumes are in the Harvard Library?
How many U.S. presidents are alumni of Harvard?
How many Nobel laureates have graduated from Harvard?
Where are the campuses of Harvard located?
How much is Harvard's financial endowment?
What river is the business school and athletics facilities located across from?
How many academic units does Harvard have?
What is the name of the main campus of Harvard?
When was Harvard formed?
What colony was Harvard formed in 1636?
In what year did Harvard become home for North America's first known printing press?
In what year was the college renamed Harvard College?
When was the charter for the Harvard Corporation granted?
Who did the college train in the early years?
What type of curriculum did the college offer?
What denomination was the college not affiliated with?
In what year did the president of Harvard Joseph Willard die?
Who was appointed to the presidency of Harvard two years later?
When was Henry Ware elected to the chair of Harvard's Divinity School?
Who gave natural history lectures in 1846?
What did Agassiz combine with observation?
Which two Scottish philosophers were part of the Harvard curriculum at the time?
Who was the most important figure in the secularization of American higher education?
What type of convictions did Eliot have?
From whom did Charles W. Eliot derive his Unitarian convictions?
Who was the president of Washington University from 1933 to 1953?
What did Conant do to support talented youth?
When was the Conant Report published?
How many men attend Harvard compared to women?
When did the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe occur?
What happened after the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe?
How far away is the State House from Harvard Yard?
How many residential houses do undergraduates live in at Harvard?
What river is south of Harvard Yard?
Where are the other three residential houses located?
Where is the Harvard Business School located?
What is the name of the pedestrian bridge that connects the Harvard and Cambridge campuses?
Where are the Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and the Harvard school of Public Health located?
How much more land does Harvard own in Allston than in Cambridge?
What are some proposals to connect the Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus?
What are some of the benefits of the expansion of Harvard's Allston campus?
How many professors, lecturers, and instructors teach at Harvard?
How many undergraduates are taught by professors at Harvard?
How many graduate students does Harvard have?
In what year was the color crimson officially adopted by the student body of Harvard?
What year did Charles William Eliot buy red bandanas for his crew?
How much was Harvard's endowment worth in 2011?
How much did Harvard's endowment lose in 2008-09?
What was the name of the science complex that was scheduled to be completed by 2011?
How much was Harvard's Pell Grant reserve in 2012?
What was the total financial aid reserve for students at Harvard in 2012?
When was the divestment from South Africa movement?
Who gave a speech at Harvard in the late 1980s?
How much did Harvard reduce its South African holdings by?
How many students were accepted to Harvard for the class of 2019?
When did Harvard College end its early admissions program?
Why did Harvard end its early admissions program?
In what year was the Early Action program reintroduced?
Between 1978 and 2008, undergraduate students were required to complete what outside of their concentration?
Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete how many courses?
What does the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, The New York Times, and some students criticize Harvard for?
When does the semester calendar at Harvard operate on?
What must a student maintain to be considered full-time at Harvard?
What are students in the top 4-5% of the class awarded?
What percentage of Latin honors did Harvard College reduce in 2005?
What was the annual tuition for the 2012-13 school year?
What was the total cost of attendance for the 2012-13 school year?
What did families with incomes below $60,000 pay in 2007?
How many grants did Harvard offer in 2009?
What percentage of Harvard's aid for undergraduate students comes from grants?
Where is the Harvard University Library System centered?
What are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates at Harvard?
Where is America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases stored?
How many volumes are in the Harvard University Library System?
How many museums are in the Harvard Art Museums?
What does the Fogg Museum of Art cover?
What museum specializes in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere?
When did Harvard first top the Academic Ranking of World Universities?
In what year did the Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities rank Harvard 1st university in the world in terms of number of alumni holding CEO
Where did The Princeton Review rank Harvard in 2013 in terms of "dream college"?
How many intercollegiate sports does Harvard compete in?
Who does Harvard have an intense athletic rivalry with?
When does the rivalry between Harvard and Yale end?
When did Harvard and Yale begin their annual football meeting?
In what year was the first permanent reinforced concrete stadium built in the US?
In what year did Walter Camp support revolutionary new rules for football?
Who was Walter Camp?
What is the name of the multi-purpose arena that is home to the Harvard basketball teams?
What is the name of Harvard's primary recreation facility?
How many weight rooms are in the Malkin Athletic Center?
How old is the Harvard-Yale Regatta?
On what river is the Harvard-Yale Regatta held?
What is the rivalry between Harvard and Cornell?
In what year did Harvard win the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships?
Who is the U.N. Secretary?
Which Colombian president is considered to be a notable political leader?
Who is the Costa Rican president?
Which Israeli Prime Minister is considered to be a notable political leader?
What is the name of the comedian, television show host and writer?
Who is the conductor of the cellist Yo Yo Ma?
Which cellist is a notable example of a cellist?
Who was a civil rights leader?
Who is a Fields Medalist mathematician?
Which two legal scholars are on the faculty of Harvard?
Who is a Shakespeare scholar on the Harvard faculty?
What is the largest city by population in Florida?
What was the population of Jacksonville in 2010?
Where does Jacksonville rank in population in the US?
What county is Jacksonville the county seat of?
When did Jacksonville consolidate with Duval County?
What river is Jacksonville located on?
How far is Jacksonville from Miami?
What was the name of the French colony in Jacksonville in 1564?
What people originally lived in the Jacksonville area?
Who was the first military governor of the Florida Territory?
Where does the Port of Jacksonville rank in terms of seaports in the US?
What type of tourism is important to Jacksonville?
How many US Navy bases are in Jacksonville?
What are people from Jacksonville called?
How many years has the area of Jacksonville been inhabited?
Who discovered the oldest pottery in the US?
What people lived on Black Hammock Island in the 16th century?
In the 16th century was the beginning of what era?
What is the earliest recorded name for Jacksonville?
Who charted the St. Johns River in 1562?
Who did Ribault claim the land for?
Who did Philip II of Spain order to attack Fort Caroline?
What did the Spanish rename Fort Caroline?
What was the name of the first European settlement in Florida?
What war led to Spain ceding Florida to the British?
What did the British do to connect St. Augustine to Georgia?
Why did the British call the Cow Ford or Cowford?
Who ceded Florida to the British in 1763?
When did the Florida Legislative Council approve Jacksonville's charter?
Which side won the Battle of Olustee?
What was the name of the first Confederate victory in Florida?
What was the name of the battle in 1864 between the Union and Confederate armies?
What left the city disrupted after the war?
What was the name of the battle that took place in March 1864?
During what era did Jacksonville and St. Augustine become popular winter resorts for the rich and famous?
What president attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in Jacksonville?
What caused a major blow to Jacksonville's tourism in the late 19th century?
What drew visitors to other areas of Florida?
Along with steamboat, how did visitors arrive in Jacksonville during the Gilded Age?
What was the cause of the mattress factory fire?
How many buildings were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1901?
What did Governor Jennings do after the fire?
What was the name of the largest fire in Florida history?
What type of filmmakers came to Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What type of studios were established in Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What was Jacksonville's nickname in the 1910s?
What city became a major film production center?
What led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs?
What was the population of non-Hispanic white in Jacksonville in 2010?
What was the name of the wave of middle class migration that left Jacksonville with a poorer population?
Who was the mayor of Jacksonville after World War II?
After what event did the government of Jacksonville begin to increase spending to fund new public building projects?
What happened to the city's tax base as a result of annexing outlying communities?
What areas of Jacksonville had difficulty obtaining municipal services?
What did a study in 1958 recommend that the city of Jacksonville begin doing?
Who rejected annexation plans in the 1960s?
What was the traditional way of electing Jacksonville's officials?
How many officials were indicted after a grand jury was convened to investigate?
What did J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates lead?
What happened to all 15 of Duval County's public high schools in 1964?
What was the result of the consolidation referendum in 1967?
Who was the mayor of Jacksonville in 1968?
What was the new name of the city of Jacksonville?
What was the name of the plan that was approved by Jacksonville voters in 2000?
What did the Better Jacksonville Plan do?
What is the total area of Jacksonville?
What river divides Jacksonville?
What is the name of the major tributary of the St. Johns River?
What percentage of Jacksonville is water?
What town does Jacksonville surround?
What is the Bank of America Tower?
What was the original name of the Bank of America Tower?
What is the height of the Bank of America Tower?
How many floors does the Riverplace Tower have?
What makes the Wells Fargo Center the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline?
What type of climate does Jacksonville have?
When are the warmest months in Jacksonville?
What type of weather does Jacksonville have in the winter?
What is one reason for Jacksonville's lack of cold weather?
What was the highest temperature recorded in 1879?
What type of weather can erupt during a typical summer afternoon?
Along with rapid heating of the land relative to the water, what causes thunderstorms?
In what month of the year does the average monthly temperature in Richmond reach 82 F?
What was the strongest hurricane to hit Jacksonville in 1964?
What was the wind speed of the eye of Hurricane Dora when it hit St. Augustine?
What hurricane hit Jacksonville on May 28, 2012?
On what scale was Dora a Category 2 hurricane?
In what year did Tropical Storm Fay hit Jacksonville?
What does Jacksonville have the tenth largest population of?
How many people lived in Jacksonville as of 2010?
What is Jacksonville's ranking in the country's Arab population?
What is Jacksonville's largest American community?
What percentage of households were made up of individuals?
What percentage of households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
For every 100 people age 18 and over, who were there 94.1 males?
For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% of adults own in 2000?
How many people are in the bottom 50% of the world's population?
What is the average assets of the top percentile?
What has been questioned about Oxfam's claims?
What does Anthony Shorrocks consider the criticism about debt to be?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% of adults own in 2000?
What do the three richest people in the world possess more than the lowest 48 nations combined?
What was the combined wealth of the 10 million dollar millionaires in 2008?
How much of the world's wealth does the top 1% own?
Why are there more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China?
According to PolitiFact, how many richest Americans have more wealth than half of all Americans combined?
Who said that the richest 1 percent now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
According to the Institute for Policy Studies, over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans " grew up in substantial privilege"?
According to PolitiFact, the top 400 richest Americans have more of what than half of all Americans combined?
According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, who owns more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
According to the Institute for Policy Studies, what percentage of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
Who said that over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
What type of economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land?
What does neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What is the cause of the differences in value added within labor income distribution?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what?
What are wages and profits determined by in neoclassical economics?
What does neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What is the cause of the differences in income distribution in neoclassical economics?
What are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor?
What are the three economic actors in neoclassical economics?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what?
Why do capitalist firms substitute capital equipment for labor inputs?
What happens to the organic composition of capital over the long-term?
What happens to the "reserve army of labour"?
What does the substitution of capital equipment for labor result in for the capitalist class?
What do capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for?
Why do capitalist firms substitute capital equipment for labor inputs?
What do capitalist firms increasingly do for labor inputs?
What does the substitution of capital equipment for labor raise for each worker?
What does the substitution of capital for labor result in for the working class?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations or by the employer?
What law determines the price of skill?
What will employers who offer a below market wage find?
What do competitors do when an employer is understaffed?
What are high levels of inequality viewed as by most people?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, who controls the wages of workers?
What is inequality driven by?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations or by the employer?
What can concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society, and abuse workers and consumers?
What are high levels of inequality viewed as by most people?
What tends to drive down wages?
What is the term for a job where there are few able or willing workers?
A job where there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions will result in what for that job?
How can members receive higher wages?
Who can limit the supply of workers?
What is the wage for a job where many workers are willing to work a large amount of time?
What drives down the wage?
Why does competition amongst workers drive down wages?
A job where there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions will result in high wages for that job?
Who drives up wages?
Higher economic inequality tends to increase what at the individual level?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What is another term for necessity-based entrepreneurship?
What is another term for achievement-oriented motivations?
What type of entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations?
What tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level?
What is most entrepreneurship based on?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What type of motivations are driven by opportunity-based entrepreneurship?
What type of impact does opportunity-based entrepreneurship have on economic growth?
What is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases?
In a progressive tax system, what will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
Steeper tax progressivity applied to what can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
The rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of what can cause inequality?
What increases as the taxable base amount increases?
What will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What type of progressivity can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
What is an indicator for the effects of a progressive tax?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What do people who are unable to afford an education choose not to pursue?
What does a lack of education lead to for those who can't afford it?
What group of people does education help unleash the productive potential of?
A lack of education leads to lower incomes and lower aggregate what?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What does education in an area where there is a high demand for workers create?
A lack of education leads directly to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment?
What does a lack of education lead to?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What did S&P recommend to partially remedy the wealth gap?
How much money would be added to the economy if the average US worker completed one more year of school?
What type of cycles did S&P say the widening disparity between the wealthiest and the rest of the country made it more prone to?
What rating agency recommended increasing access to education?
In what year did economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency conclude that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the
When was the last recession?
What did S&P recommend to partially remedy the wealth gap?
How much money would be added to the economy if the average US worker completed one more year of school?
What type of cycles did S&P say the widening disparity between the wealthiest and the rest of the country made it more prone to?
During what years did the mass high school education movement take place?
What happened to skilled workers during the mass high school education movement?
What happened to the price of skilled labor?
What can result in low economic growth?
What did the decrease in wages cause?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers lead to?
What was the purpose of high school during the mass high school education movement?
What is very important for the growth of the economy?
What can result in low economic growth?
What group has remained strong in continental European liberalism?
What countries have unions that have remained strong?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor- market outcomes?
What type of liberalism has remained strong?
What did John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer believe the decline of union membership was one of the causes of?
What did Schmitt and Zipperer say the U.S. economic and social model is associated with?
What organization did John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer belong to?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor- market outcomes?
How does the U.S. economy compare to other European countries in terms of economic mobility?
What country with high rates of unionization has low levels of inequality?
What goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements?
What did Jake Rosenfield believe played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes?
What two factors did Rosenfield say have played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than the decline of organized labor?
What is Jake Rosenfield's profession?
Where is Jake Rosenfield from?
What did Jake Rosenfield believe played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes?
What rate of unionization does Rosenfield say goes hand-in-hand with high inequality?
What does Rosenfield believe high inequality goes hand-in-hand with?
What may happen to low-skilled workers in rich countries when they trade with poor countries?
What do low-skilled workers in poor countries see when they trade with rich countries?
What is another cause of rising income inequality that Paul Krugman believes is smaller than trade?
What has replaced low-skilled jobs in wealthier nations?
Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from what scale to a domestic scale?
Who may see increased wages as a result of trade?
What did Paul Krugman estimate has had a measurable effect on rising inequality in the United States?
What does Paul Krugman say the effect of trade on inequality in America is?
What has replaced low-skilled jobs in wealthier nations?
What is the income gap in Botswana?
What is the income gap in Bahrain?
What is one of the reasons women are more likely than men to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of whom in the labor market?
In many countries, what is the pay gap in favor of males in the labor market?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of whom?
Who is more likely to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
Who claims that the gender pay gap is due to women not taking jobs due to marriage or pregnancy?
What did the U.S. Census say was the difference in earnings between women and men?
What type of programs can help more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have what kind of distributions of wealth?
What does a country acquire as it develops?
What is one way that more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
What is Simon Kuznets' profession?
What did Kuznets argue was the result of stages of development?
What does a country acquire as it develops?
As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having what?
What do more developed countries move back to?
During what years did income inequality fall in the United States?
When did the level of income inequality begin to rise?
What sector did the move from the manufacturing sector to?
What sector of the economy did Kuznets' curve move from?
Who created the Kuznets curve?
What is the name of Kuznets' curve?
What has more recent testing of Kuznets' theory shown it to be?
What does Kuznets' curve predict?
What is it possible for multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in at any given time?
What is a theoretical process by which newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities?
What do those who already hold wealth have?
What does Piketty believe is the fundamental force for divergence?
What does Piketty believe generates higher returns?
Where does newly created wealth concentrate?
Who are the beneficiaries of wealth concentration?
What can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society?
Who wrote Capital in the Twenty-First Century?
According to Thomas Piketty, larger fortunes generate what?
What should serve as a brake on concentrations of wealth and income?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What type of skills will the market bid up compensation for?
What does Stiglitz believe is a better explainer of growing inequality?
What is the non-market force that Stiglitz believes is better explained by market forces?
Higher rates of health and social problems and lower rates of social goods are effects of what?
What can cause a lower level of economic growth?
What is lower in more unequal countries?
Higher rates of health and social problems and lower rates of social goods are effects of what?
What happens to life expectancy in more unequal countries?
In what year did Shiller say that rising inequality is the most important problem?
What did Shiller say was the most important problem?
What effect does high and persistent unemployment have on economic growth?
What can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources?
What type of growth is harmed by high and persistent unemployment?
What nationality are Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett?
Do countries and states with higher inequality have lower or higher rates of health and social problems?
What did Wilkinson and Pickett find about the rates of social goods in countries with higher inequality?
How many developed countries did Wilkinson and Pickett study?
What did Wilkinson and Pickett find to be higher in states with high levels of?
What did higher material living standards lead to?
Which countries still have a pattern of higher incomes-longer lives?
What increases rapidly as per capita income increases?
Which country has a higher GDP per capita?
How was income distributed in Japan?
What is the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries?
Who created an index of "Health and Social Problems"?
How many factors did Wilkinson and Pickett use to create their index?
Where were health and social problems more common?
What does the UNICEF index of "child well-being in rich countries" correlate with?
What has crime been shown to be correlated with in society?
What are almost identically defined across all nations and jurisdictions?
How many studies have there been showing tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger?
What did Daly and Fajnzylber estimate about half of all variation in homicide rates can be accounted for by?
How much did Daly find a difference in homicide rates related to inequality in the U.S States and Canadian Provinces?
What is the utilitarian principle?
A house that provides less utility to a millionaire as a summer home than it would to a homeless family of five is an example of reduced
An additional dollar spent by a poor person will go to things that provide what to that person?
How does the marginal utility of wealth per person increase or decrease as a person becomes richer?
A society with more equality will have what?
What should be the measure of inequality, rather than income?
What type of institute is the Cato Institute?
In what year did Johnson, Smeeding, and Tory say consumption inequality was lower than it was in 1986?
Who wrote "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor"?
What is Thomas B. Edsall's profession?
What is Raghuram Rajan's profession?
What did Rajan say has created deep financial fault lines?
What is the most recent example of Rajan's argument?
What did political pressure develop to extend to the lower and middle income earners?
What did political pressure develop to extend to the lower and middle income earners?
What is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth spells?
Along with high levels of inequality, what does high inequality prevent?
What happens to GDP growth if the income share of the top 20 percent increases?
What is an increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent associated with?
Which two groups matter the most for growth according to the IMF?
What is Vicente Royuela's profession?
According to economists David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms what?
What does high and persistent unemployment have a negative effect on?
Why does unemployment harm growth?
What do policies aiming at controlling unemployment support economic growth?
What did Joseph Stiglitz present in 2009?
How did Joseph Stiglitz say that inequality and inequality prevent growth?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What is the main reason for this shift?
What has become the secret to growth?
In what year did Galor and Zeira show that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital
What effect did inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections have on human capital formation and economic development?
What did Perotti study in 1996?
What is inequality associated with higher levels of?
What type of societies are very unequal?
According to Barro, high levels of inequality do what to growth in relatively poor countries?
According to Barro, high levels of inequality reduce growth in poor countries but do what in richer countries?
What did Barro find there was little relation between income inequality and?
Where did Robert Barro work?
When did a study of Swedish counties find a positive impact of inequality on growth?
Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming what?
What does the Kuznets curve hypothesis say happens with economic development?
Which economist challenges the Kuznets curve hypothesis?
What is Thomas Piketty's profession?
What did Piketty claim reduced inequality from 1914 to 1945?
When did some theories develop about how inequality may have a positive effect on economic development?
According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy were thought to offset what?
What did a 2013 report on Nigeria suggest about growth?
How long does it take for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth?
What did the IMF say longer growth spells were associated with?
What must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth?
What does the growth elasticity of poverty depend on?
What is the growth elasticity of poverty?
What organization is Ban Ki-Moon the Secretary General of?
What does Ban Ki-Moon believe economic growth is not sufficient for?
What is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system?
How is much unregistered property held?
What type of property is held outside of the formal property ownership system?
How many steps does it take to build on government land?
In some countries it can take up to 14 years to build on what type of land?
What is caused in part by income inequality?
What decreased from 1984 to 1991 as demand for higher quality housing increased?
Why did the number of quality rental units decrease between 1984 and 1991?
Why did rental prices increase in East New York?
What policy made it difficult or impossible for low income residents to keep pace with rising prices?
Who shares the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care?
What are those on lower incomes worse equipped to manage?
What is the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts called?
What is one method of achieving aspirational consumption?
What is the result of aspirational consumption?
The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is?
What is the main cause of the increase in environmental degradation?
The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in what?
What is one way that human inequality can be addressed while still not resulting in an increase of environmental damage?
What do socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to?
What does the private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners create?
What is the main form of income for the vast majority of the population?
How do socialists believe the means of production should be owned?
What do socialists believe would happen to income differentials if the means of production were socially owned?
Who argued that government redistributes wealth by force?
What did Nozick believe was the most common way that government redistributes wealth?
How did Nozick argue that government redistributes wealth?
What did Nozick believe caused some modern economic inequalities?
When did John Rawls argue that inequalities in the distribution of wealth are justified?
What does the human development approach refer to income inequality and poverty as?
What are economic growth and income considered a means to an end rather than what?
What is the goal of the human development approach?
How does the human development approach aim to widen people's choices?
What is agency?
What happens to a person when their capabilities are lowered?
An old, ill man cannot do what?
What may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home?
Why do people not go to work?
What can people work towards by having political freedom, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security?
Who produces Doctor Who?
When did Doctor Who first air?
What is the name of the ship that the Doctor travels in?
What does the TARDIS look like?
What genre is Doctor Who?
What was the original run of Doctor Who?
Who was showrunner and head writer for the first five years of Doctor Who's revival?
What was the name of the Doctor Who spin-off show that aired in 1981?
Who produced the first series of Doctor Who?
Who starred in the first series of Doctor Who in the 21st century?
How many actors have headlined the series as the Doctor?
Who took over the role of the Doctor after Matt Smith left the show?
What was the name of the 2013 Christmas special in which Peter Capaldi took over for Matt Smith?
When does regeneration occur?
Along with a new body, what does regeneration give the character of the Doctor?
What planet does the main character of Doctor Who come from?
What was the name of the time machine that The Doctor fled from Gallifrey in?
What is the name of The Doctor's time machine?
What does the TARDIS have that allows it to take on the appearance of local objects?
Why does the Doctor's TARDIS remain fixed as a blue British Police box?
How often does the Doctor travel alone?
Who is another renegade Time Lord that the Doctor has encountered?
What does the Doctor do when his body is mortally damaged?
Who are the Doctor's companions?
What is the Doctor?
On what date did Doctor Who first appear on BBC TV?
What was the name of the second Doctor Who serial?
Why was the first Doctor Who script rejected?
Who wrote the second Doctor Who serial?
How long was each episode of Doctor Who?
How many seasons did the BBC drama department's serials division produce Doctor Who?
Who suspended Doctor Who production in 1989?
What was the name of the documentary in which Sophie Aldred reported on the cancellation of Doctor Who?
What did the BBC say about Doctor Who in 1990?
On what channel was Doctor Who broadcast for 26 seasons?
What did the BBC hope to do with an independent production company?
Who approached the BBC about relaunching Doctor Who?
On what network was the Doctor Who film broadcast?
How many viewers watched the Doctor Who film in the UK?
Where did Philip Segal work?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who episode?
In what year did the Doctor Who return?
In what year was the last full series of Doctor Who filmed?
Who will replace Steven Moffat as head writer and executive producer of Doctor Who?
What day of the year has the Doctor Who series been aired every year since 2005?
When was the original Doctor Who series?
What version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963-1989 series?
When was the last Doctor Who telefilm?
What are two other series that have been reboots?
What other show was similar to Doctor Who in 1988?
When did the BBC broadcast the second episode of "EastEnders"?
How long did it take for the first episode of the series to go out?
How long was the first episode of 'EastEnders' delayed?
What event caused a delay of ten minutes in the first episode of "EastEnders"?
What did the BBC blame for the delay?
What phrase entered British pop culture?
What museum in London named their exhibition "Behind the Sofa"?
What did the Museum of the Moving Image call their exhibition celebrating Doctor Who?
What did Digital Spy call Doctor Who in 2011?
Which website called Doctor Who the "scariest TV show of all time"?
What BBC show was considered the most violent in 1972?
What percentage of the surveyed audience regarded the show as "very unsuitable" for family viewing?
Who said that Dr. Who was "sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare"?
What game did Philip Howard compare Dr Who to?
Which newspaper reported the findings of the 1972 survey?
What has become firmly linked to the show?
What design did the BBC want to use in merchandising associated with Doctor Who?
What was the idea of the police box in Doctor Who?
Who filed an objection to the BBC's trade mark claim in 1998?
In what year did the Patent Office rule in favor of the BBC?
How many seasons did Doctor Who originally run?
When did Doctor Who end?
How many episodes did The Daleks' Master Plan air?
What was the name of the rogue Time Lord that the Doctor battled in season 8?
What was the name of the trilogy of Doctor Who serials in season 20?
When did the serial format change?
How long are the self-contained episodes of the 2005 revival?
On what day was an extended episode of "Doctor Who" broadcast?
What was the name of the 2008 episode that exceeded an hour in length?
In what year did "The Eleventh Hour" air?
How many Doctor Who episodes have been televised since 1963?
What is the most common format for Doctor Who episodes?
How many Christmas specials have there been?
How long is the longest Doctor Who Christmas special?
In what year was "Planet of the Dead" filmed?
Who were the first two Doctors of Doctor Who?
How many Doctor Who episodes are not held in the BBC's archives?
Which seasons of Doctor Who are missing from the BBC's archives?
By what year had the BBC stopped wiping tapes and destroying "spare" film copies?
When were large amounts of older Doctor Who material destroyed or wiped?
What was one of the ways in which the BBC retrieved episodes from other countries?
Who made early color videotape recordings of the show?
Along with The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve and Marco Polo, what was the only episode of the show to not have a
On what type of film were excerpts of the show filmed from the television screen?
Where do audio versions of all of the lost episodes exist?
Who released official reconstructions of The Invasion on VHS?
What animation studio did the BBC work with to reconstruct episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion?
When was The Invasion released?
Who animated the missing episodes of The Reign of Terror?
When was The Invasion released on DVD?
What is the term for the recasting of the main character in Doctor Who?
When was the term regeneration first used?
What prompted the concept of regeneration?
What did Hartnell's Doctor describe his regeneration as?
What did the Second Doctor undergo?
How many times can a Time Lord regenerate?
How many incarnations did the Doctor have?
What was the name of the episode that showed the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations?
What serials established that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times?
When was the film Mawdryn Undead released?
Who played the War Doctor in 2013?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special of the Doctor?
Who played the Valeyard in The Trial of a Time Lord?
What was the name of the 1986 serial in which Michael Jayston played the Valeyard?
Which two Doctors did John Hurt replace in The Night of the Doctor?
Who did John Hurt play in The Day of the Doctor?
In what 1973 episode did William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton return to play the Doctor?
Who appeared in the Children in Need short "Time Crash" in 2007?
In what story did the First Doctor encounter himself?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special episode of "Doctor Who"?
Who starred in the 1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
What was the name of the audio drama released in 2003 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Doctor Who?
Who starred in the 2010 audio drama The Four Doctors?
Who starred in the audio drama The Sirens of Time?
In what year was the audio drama Zagreus released?
In what 2013 episode did the Eleventh Doctor clarify he was the product of the twelfth regeneration?
In what 1976 episode was it hinted that the First Doctor may not have been the first incarnation?
In what 1983 episode did the Fifth Doctor confirm he was in his fifth incarnation?
In what episode did the Eleventh Doctor call himself "the Eleventh"?
When was Mawdryn Undead aired?
What was the name of the first serial in which the Doctor was shown to have a granddaughter?
Who is the Doctor's granddaughter?
In what year did the Ninth Doctor think he was the last surviving Time Lord?
What happened to the Ninth Doctor's home planet?
In what 2007 episode did the Doctor say that he no longer had a brother?
What type of character is a companion in Doctor Who?
What is the only story in which the Doctor travels alone?
Who was the first companion of the Doctor?
What was Barbara Wright's job?
What was the name of one of the early companions of the Doctor?
What gender is the primary companion of the Doctor?
Who were the secondary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors?
Which Doctor was the first to travel with a married couple?
Who will be the Doctor's newest traveling companion?
Who is Donna Noble?
Who was the executive producer of Doctor Who in 2005?
In what series did the Daleks appear?
What aliens were introduced in series 2 of Doctor Who?
In what series did the Master appear?
What aliens were introduced in the 50th Anniversary Special of Doctor Who?
What are Doctor Who's oldest villains?
On what planet are the Daleks from?
What is the main purpose of the Daleks?
Who mutated the Daleks?
What is the main weakness of the Daleks?
Who is the Doctor's archenemy?
What is the Master?
Who played the Master in the 1996 Doctor Who movie?
What was the original name of the Master?
Who was the first actor to play the Master?
Who played the Master in the 2007 episode "Utopia"?
What was the name of the 2007 episode in which Derek Jacobi introduced the Master?
In what year did the Master become a female incarnation?
What was the name of the Time Lady in the 2014 episode "Dark Water"?
Who plays the Time Lady in "Dark Water"?
Who composed the original theme to the show?
Where was Delia Derbyshire from?
What technique was used to build up the theme?
What was the end of the first season of "EastEnders"?
What did Grainer ask when he heard the finished result of the theme?
Who recorded the theme for season 18 of Doctor Who in 1980?
Who replaced Peter Howell?
What era of Doctor Who did Keff McCulloch work for?
Who provided a new arrangement of the Doctor Who theme in 2005?
What was the name of the 2005 Christmas episode of Doctor Who?
What was the name of the 2007 Christmas special?
What radio station had the theme tune charted at number 228 in 2011?
In what year did Gold return as composer of the Doctor's theme?
What number did the theme tune of "Doctor Who" chart on Classic FM's Hall of Fame in 2011?
Who was the composer for the 2010 series of "Doctor Who"?
Who played the Third Doctor?
What group released a disco version of the Doctor Who theme in 1978?
Where did the disco version of the Doctor Who theme reach in the UK charts?
What was the name of The Timelords' 1988 single?
What was the name of The Timelords' 1988 single?
Who was the most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years of Doctor Who?
What was Simpson's first Doctor Who score?
During what years did Dudley Simpson write music for the Doctor Who stories?
What was Dudley Simpson's last Doctor Who score?
What Doctor Who episode did Dudley Simpson make a cameo appearance in?
Who performed incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
Who performed incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
When was a Doctor Who Prom held?
What was the name of the specially filmed mini-episode?
Who composed the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
How many soundtrack releases have been released since 2005?
What series did the first soundtrack release feature tracks from?
What did the fourth soundtrack contain?
What was the name of the 2010 Christmas special?
When was the soundtrack for Series 5 released?
What was used for the first Doctor?
Which Doctor Who logo had the "DW" TARDIS insignia removed?
What is the primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors?
What was the logo used for the Third Doctor's final season?
Which Doctor had the "DW" TARDIS insignia placed to the right in 2012?
What event caused the first episode of Doctor Who to be repeated the following week?
Where did Doctor Who first appear?
When did Tom Baker draw audiences of over 12 million?
When was the Dalekmania period?
On what channel are Doctor Who episodes now repeated?
When did "EastEnders" viewership peak at 16 million?
What was a leading cause of the BBC Board of Control's 1989 suspension of EastEnders?
What was the most popular soap opera at the time of the strike?
What was Coronation Street?
When was the third period of high ratings for the show?
On what channel did the 1983 20th anniversary special of The Five Doctors air?
In what country did Silver Nemesis air?
Where did the 1996 television film premièred on CITV?
How long did it take for 'The Five Doctors' to be shown on other channels?
On what date did the 1983 20th anniversary special of The Five Doctors air?
Who runs the show in Australia?
What did the ABC provide for the 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors in 1983?
What is the name of the channel that aired repeats of 'The Five Doctors' after SF's closure?
What did the ABC do in 2003 for the show's 40th anniversary?
On what channel does the ABC broadcast the modern version of 'The Five Doctors'?
When did TVOntario pick up The Three Doctors?
What was the first show that TVOntario picked up in 1976?
What Canadian cable channel aired The Three Doctors in 2009?
What episode of The Three Doctors was cancelled due to accusations that it was racist?
Who was the science-fiction writer who bookended the show from 1979 to 1981?
Who recorded a video introduction for the Canadian broadcast of Doctor Who?
What was played over the closing credits of the Canadian broadcast of Doctor Who?
What was the name of the episode that aired on 26 December 2005?
When did CBC begin airing series two of Doctor Who?
On what day did most of the country watch a CFL double header?
In what countries are Doctor Who serials available on DVD?
How many Doctor Who serials have been released on Laserdisc?
What is the name of the episode of Doctor Who that was released on VCD?
What was the only Doctor Who story released on Blu-ray in July 2013?
When was the last time the Doctor Who series was released on Blu-ray?
Who played the Doctor in the Seven Keys to Doomsday?
What was the name of the play in the late 1980s in which Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker played the Doctor?
What did Terry Nation write?
What was the name of the 1970s play in which Trevor Martin played the Doctor?
Who played the Doctor for two performances in the 1980s?
What was the name of the Doctor Who spin-off series?
When did Torchwood debut?
When did the second series of Torchwood air?
What was the name of the third series of Torchwood?
What was the name of the fourth series of Torchwood?
Who starred in The Sarah Jane Adventures?
When did the Sarah Jane Adventures begin?
In what year did David Tennant appear as the Tenth Doctor in The Sarah Jane Adventures?
In what year did Matt Smith appear as the Eleventh Doctor?
Why was the final series of The Sarah Jane Adventures uncompleted?
What was the name of the 1993 charity special for Children in Need?
For what charity was Dimensions in Time produced?
What soap opera did Dimensions in Time crossover with?
What did the Pulfrich effect require?
What effect did Dimensions in Time make use of?
What was the name of the 1999 special for Comic Relief?
How many segments were in the Doctor Who special released for Comic Relief?
Who played the Doctor in the Curse of Fatal Death?
Who played the Doctor in the Curse of Fatal Death special?
What did Steven Moffat later become?
What is another name for Star Trek: The Next Generation?
Which Family Guy episodes have references to Doctor Who?
What Channel 4 show featured a character who was an avid Doctor Who fan?
Who on Coupling is portrayed as a Doctor Who collector and enthusiast?
What are the names of two young adult fantasy novels that have references to Doctor Who?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who audio story?
How long was the first Doctor Who audio release?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who audio release?
When was the first commercially available Doctor Who audiobook released?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who radio drama?
Which three Doctors were featured in the earliest Doctor Who CDs?
What was the name of the 2013 series of Doctor Who audiobooks?
What company has released Doctor Who audiobooks since 1999?
When did Big Finish start releasing Doctor Who audiobooks?
When did Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor begin appearing for Big Finish?
When were the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures published?
When were the first Doctor Who books published?
How long has the Doctor Who Magazine been published?
Who publishes the Doctor Who Magazine?
Who publishes Doctor Who novels?
When was the Doctor Who character created?
Who created the Doctor Who character?
Who has expressed distaste for the idea of Doctor Who stories being published in different media?
Who produces the Doctor Who television episodes?
In what year did The Doctor win the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series?
During what years did the Doctor win five consecutive National Television Awards?
In what year did Matt Smith become the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award?
Who was the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for the show?
What award did Michelle Gomez receive for her work as Missy?
What organization listed Doctor Who as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world?
What is the longest-running science fiction television show in the world?
What type of music did Doctor Who first use?
In what year did the Peabody Awards recognize Doctor Who?
What was the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama?
In what season did Doctor Who win a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial?
What was voted the "Best Popular Drama" by the BBC at the 1996 Auntie Awards?
Where was Doctor Who ranked in 2000 in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century?
What magazine ranked Doctor Who as the Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series ever?
In a Channel 4 countdown of the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows in 2001, where was Doctor Who ranked?
What is the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated?
How many BAFTA TV Awards did Doctor Who win?
How many BAFTA Cymru Awards did Doctor Who win?
In what year was Doctor Who voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4?
What award was the episode "Vincent and the Doctor" shortlisted for?
How many times has Doctor Who won the Hugo Award?
How many awards has Doctor Who been nominated for?
How many awards has Doctor Who won?
Who won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards?
What was the name of the 2010 Doctor Who episode that won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation?
Who is one of the comedians who has lampooned Doctor Who?
Who frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series?
What does Spike Milligan hurl at the Dalek that invades his bathroom?
What has been lampooned on Saturday Night Live?
What series does Jon Culshaw frequently impersonate the Fourth Doctor in?
What type of university is the University of Chicago?
When was the University of Chicago established?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many academic research divisions does the University of Chicago have?
How many students are enrolled in The College of the University of Chicago?
What have University of Chicago scholars played a major role in the development of?
Who helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction?
Where was the world's first self-sustaining nuclear reaction developed?
What is the name of the largest university press in the US?
When is the Barack Obama Presidential Center expected to be completed?
Who founded the University of Chicago?
Who was the wealthiest man in history?
Who was the first president of the University of Chicago?
When did William Rainey Harper become the first president of the University of Chicago?
When were the first classes held at the University of Chicago?
Who donated land to the University of Chicago?
Who provided the funds for the first building at the University of Chicago?
What was the name of the first building at the University of Chicago?
How much did Marshall Field pledge to the University of Chicago?
Who was the trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Commons?
Who did the University of Chicago affiliated with in the 1890s?
In what year did the University of Chicago affiliate with Shimer College?
What did the University of Chicago agree to confer a degree on a graduating senior from an affiliated school if they did what?
What happened to the Shimer College program by 1910?
By what year had the Shimer College program passed into history?
Who was the fifth president of the University of Chicago?
What was the name of the undergraduate college's liberal-arts curriculum?
Why was varsity football eliminated from the University of Chicago?
How long was Robert Maynard Hutchins' tenure?
When did Robert Maynard Hutchins become president of the University of Chicago?
In what decade did student applications decline?
Why did student applications decline in the early 1950s?
When did students enrolled at Shimer College transfer automatically to the University of Chicago?
In what neighborhood did the University of Chicago become a major sponsor of a controversial urban renewal project?
What did the early entrant program do?
In what year did students occupy President George Beadle's office?
What was the cause of the student unrest in 1962?
In what year was the Kalven Report issued?
What was the Kalven Report?
What did the Kalven Report cover?
When did the University of Chicago begin a number of multimillion-dollar expansion projects?
What institute did the University of Chicago announce plans to establish in 2008?
How much will the Milton Friedman Institute cost?
The Milton Friedman Institute will occupy the buildings of what institution?
Who donated $300 million to the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business?
What are the first buildings of the University of Chicago called?
How many quadrangles make up the Main Quadrangles?
Who designed the Main Quadrangles?
What is Mitchell Tower modeled after?
What is Hutchinson Hall modeled after?
When did the Gothic style on campus begin to give way to modern styles?
Who was contracted to develop a second master plan in 1955?
What school was the building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for?
What is the name of the building designed by Edward Durrell Stone?
When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center built?
Where does the Booth School of Business have campuses?
On what river is the Center in Paris located?
In what year did the University of Chicago open a center in Beijing?
What university is near the University of Chicago's Beijing center?
When did the University of Chicago's center in Hong Kong open?
Who governs the University of Chicago?
How many members are on the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago?
How many Vice Presidents does the University of Chicago have?
Who is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago?
Who is the President of the University of Chicago?
Who is the University of Chicago accredited by?
How many divisions of graduate research does the University of Chicago have?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many academic majors does the College of the University of Chicago grant?
How many minors does the College of the University of Chicago grant?
How many divisions are there in the College of the University of Chicago?
What division administers interdisciplinary majors and studies which do not fit in one of the other four divisions?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's core curriculum?
How many students were in the core classes at the University of Chicago in 2012-2013?
According to Uni in the USA, what type of learning experience does the University of Chicago provide?
Who said that the University of Chicago provides the most rigorous, intense learning experience?
What is the name of the private day school operated by the University of Chicago?
What is a residential treatment program for those with behavioral and emotional problems?
How many public charter schools does the University of Chicago operate?
How many charter schools does the University of Chicago operate?
Where is the Hyde Park Day School located?
How many libraries does the University of Chicago Library system have?
How many volumes does the University of Chicago Library system contain?
What is the name of the main library of the University of Chicago?
When was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library built?
How many volumes does the John Crerar Library contain?
How many research institutes does the University of Chicago operate?
How many research centers does the University of Chicago have on campus?
What is the name of the museum and research center for Near Eastern studies owned and operated by the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the nearby particle physics laboratory that Chicago has a joint stake in?
Where is the Apache Point Observatory located?
What has the University of Chicago played an important role in in economics?
What was the name of the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction?
What was the name of the chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth?
When was REM sleep discovered?
Since what year has the University of Chicago offered a doctorate in music composition?
When did the University of Chicago begin offering a doctorate in Cinema & Media studies?
When was Cinema & Media studies added to the UChicago Arts program?
When did the UChicago Arts program begin offering theater & performance studies?
How many undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes?
How many students were enrolled in the University of Chicago's College in the fall quarter of 2014?
How many students were in the four graduate divisions of the University of Chicago in 2014?
How many students were in the professional schools of the University of Chicago in 2014?
How many students were enrolled in the fall quarter of 2014?
What group of students made up almost 19% of the study body in the 2012 Spring Quarter?
What does UAA stand for?
Where do the Chicago Maroons compete in?
What conference was the University of Chicago a founding member of?
Who was the first winner of the Heisman Trophy?
Why did the University of Chicago withdraw from the Big Ten Conference in 1946?
How many Recognized Student Organizations are there at the University of Chicago?
What does RSO stand for?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's football team?
What is the longest running student film society at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's improvisational theater troupe?
Who makes up the University of Chicago Student Government?
What is the leader of the University of Chicago Student Government?
How many Vice Presidents are on the Executive Committee?
What is the annual budget of the University of Chicago Student Government?
How many fraternities are at the University of Chicago?
How many sororities are at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
How many fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council?
In what month does the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt take place?
When did the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt begin?
What does FOTA stand for?
What is the name of the week-long winter festival held at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the summer carnival and concert held at the University of Chicago?
Who is the current Microsoft CEO?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who is the third richest man in America?
What former Governor of New Jersey is an alumnus of the University of Kansas?
Who wrote the first management accounting textbook?
Who was the founder of modern community organizing?
Who was the top political advisor to President Bill Clinton?
What federal judge graduated from the University of Kansas?
Who was the Governor of the Bank of Japan?
What Prohibition agent is an alumni of Washington University?
Who wrote The Closing of the American Mind?
What famous satirist is an alumni of the University of Kansas?
Who is the author of Before I Fall?
Who wrote 'The Good War'?
What Pulitzer Prize winning novelist graduated from Stanford University?
Who is a minimalist composer?
Who is the Bungie founder and developer of the Halo video game series?
What video game series did Bungie founder Alex Seropian develop?
What actor graduated from the University of Kansas?
What famous comedian graduated from the University of Kansas?
What astronomer graduated from the University of Kansas?
Which NASA astronaut graduated from the University of Kansas?
What popular environmentalist graduated from the University of Kansas?
Who was the lithium-ion battery developer that graduated from the University of Kansas?
Who developed the uranium-lead dating method into lead- lead dating?
Who was a major advisor to Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher?
Who was a Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who is known for his work on portfolio theory, asset pricing and stock market behaviour?
Which two anthropologists are alumni of the University of Kansas?
What chess grandmaster graduated from Washington University?
Who was the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council?
Who was the speed of light calculator professor?
Who discovered the Compton Effect?
Who was the father of the hydrogen bomb?
Who was called "one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century"?
Who was the second female Nobel laureate?
What famous Egyptologist has been a faculty member of the University of Kansas?
What mathematician has been a faculty member at the University of Kansas?
What meteorologist has been a faculty member at the University of Kansas?
Who was a Nobel Prize winner?
Which two cancer researchers have studied at the University of Kansas?
Who is the current governor of India's central bank?
What company was Hank Paulson the CEO of?
Which Shakespeare scholar is on the faculty of the University of Kansas?
Which two famous political scientists are on the faculty of the University of Kansas?
Which two paleontologists are on the faculty of the University of Kansas?
What is the pinyin for the Yuan dynasty?
What was the official name of the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan declare the Yuan dynasty?
The Yuan dynasty is considered a successor to what dynasty?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
Who was Kublai's grandfather?
When did Kublai Khan establish the Yuan dynasty?
Where is the phrase "Dà Yuán" from?
What was the Mongolian counterpart of the Great Yuan?
What does Yeke Mongghul Ulus mean?
What was the nominal title of the Yuan emperors?
Who did Genghis Khan unite?
When did Genghis Khan become Great Khan?
Who was the third son of Genghis?
When did Möngke Khan succeed Ögedei?
Who did Ögedei offer a position to?
Who did many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
Which two Han Chinese leaders defected to the Mongols?
How many troops did each Tumen have?
How many Khitan Tumens did Xiao Zhala command?
What was Shi Tianze's ethnicity?
In what dynasty did Shi Tianze live?
What type of marriage became common during the Jin dynasty?
Who was Shi Tianze's father?
What dynasty did Chagaan and Zhang Rou jointly attack?
Who commenced a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
Where did Möngke Khan begin a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
When did Kublai die?
Who was Kublai's brother?
What was the Chinese era name that Kublai adopted?
Who was Kaidu's grandfather?
In what direction did the Song dynasty remain an obstacle to Kublai?
Who did Kublai install as the ruler of Korea?
What border did Kublai secure in 1259?
When did Li Tan revolt against Mongol rule?
What was Kublai's government a compromise between?
What did Kublai leave unchanged?
What was the lowest rank in the Yuan society?
How many classes did Kublai divide Yuan society into?
What were the traditional monopolies of the Yuan?
Where did Kublai move the capital to?
Where did Kublai move the Mongol capital to?
When did Kublai move the Mongol capital from Karakorum to Khanbaliq?
What was the former Jurchen capital?
What rituals did Kublai follow?
What types of growth did Kublai Khan promote?
What does Pax Mongolica mean?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal to?
Who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China?
Who did Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou flee south with?
When was the Jin dynasty established?
When did the Jin dynasty end?
Who was appointed Duke Yansheng by the Jin dynasty?
How many descendants of Confucius live in Quzhou?
Where did Kublai strengthen his government?
When did Kublai siege Xiangyang?
What river was Kublai trying to capture?
What city did Kublai capture in 1276?
What happened to the last Song emperor?
When did Kublai's government face financial difficulties?
Why did Kublai's second invasion of Japan fail?
Where did the Tran dynasty rule?
At what battle did the Tran dynasty defeat the Mongols?
When did the Battle of Bạch Đằng take place?
When was the conquest of Dali?
Who did Kublai originally name as the Crown Prince?
When did Zhenjin die?
What was Temür Khan's nickname?
During what years did Temür Khan rule?
Who was the fourth Yuan emperor?
What did Buyantu Khan do?
Who mentored Buyantu Khan?
What department did Buyantu Khan liquidate?
When were traditional imperial examinations reintroduced?
Who was Ayurbarwada's son?
When did Emperor Gegeen Khan rule?
Who helped Gegeen Khan reform the government?
What does Da Yuan Tong Zhi mean?
How many princes were involved in the coup against Gegeen Khan?
Where did Yesün Temür die?
What was the civil war against Ragibagh called?
How long did Kusala live?
Who purged pro-Kusala officials and brought power to warlords?
Who won the civil war against Ragibagh?
What is Tugh Temür known for?
What was Tugh Temür's most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning?
When was the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature founded?
What was the name of the vast institutional compendium created by the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature?
What did Tugh Temür do?
When did Tugh Temür die?
What was Rinchinbal's title?
How old was Toghun Temür?
How many successors did Kublai have?
What dynasties were completed in 1345?
What were the final years of the Yuan dynasty marked by?
Why did the Mongols not want to work with the Yuan?
Who were the later Yuan emperors separated from?
What happened to China after the end of the Yuan dynasty?
What did the later Yuan emperors not care about?
When did people in the countryside suffer from frequent natural disasters?
What uprising started in 1351?
Why did Toghun Temür dismiss Toghtogha?
Who did Toghtogha crush?
When was the Míng dynasty?
What promoted trade between East and West?
What produced a fair amount of cultural exchange during the Yuan dynasty?
What was the name of the ally of the Yuan dynasty?
What Eastern crops were introduced during the Yuan dynasty?
What musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts?
What other religions enjoyed toleration during this period?
What religion was persecuted by the Yuan?
What type of governmental practices were reinstated by the Yuan court?
In what fields were advances realized during the Yuan period?
Who was the most famous traveler of the period?
What was the capital of the Great Khan?
What is another name for Il milione?
What was the name of Marco Polo's account of his travels to China?
How did Marco Polo acquire much of his knowledge of China?
Who was one of Kublai Khan's top engineers?
How long was the lunisolar calendar compared to the modern Gregorian calendar?
What did the Yuan do to prevent famines?
What was the terminus of the Grand Canal?
What was the name of the major food crop introduced to China by the West?
Who ruled all of China during the Yuan dynasty?
What do Mongols worship?
What was the last dynasty before the Yuan dynasty?
Which dynasty overthrew the Yuan dynasty?
What do some Chinese people consider the Yuan dynasty to be?
What cultures did Kublai Khan's bureaucracy include?
Where did the Chinese-style elements of the Yuan bureaucracy come from?
Who were two Chinese advisers to Kublai?
What type of division of authority did Kublai's government adopt?
What were the three divisions of authority in the Yuan government?
Where did the military authority in the Yuan dynasty reside?
How long ago were the Six Ministries introduced?
What two groups had their own courts of justice?
What was the insignificance of in the Yuan administration compared to native Chinese dynasties?
When was the 'Phags-pa script invented?
What languages did the Phags-pa script spell?
How did the Mongol Emperors speak Chinese?
Who was Emperor Wenzong?
What was Tugh Temur's nickname?
By what year were all parts of the Mongol Empire selling their children into slavery?
When did Kublai forbade the sale of Mongols abroad?
What was the main source of income for the Mongol garrison family?
What were some of the arts of the Yuan era?
What three arts came together during the Yuan dynasty?
Which dynasty was linked to the Yuan dynasty?
What was the main development in Yuan poetry?
What type of variety show did the Yuan era have?
What type of khanates did the Yuan dynasty not convert to?
What religion did Kublai Khan favor?
What was the de facto state religion of the Yuan dynasty?
What was the top-level department of the Yuan dynasty called?
What sect of Tibetan Buddhism did Kublai Khan favor?
When was Zhu Shijie born?
When did Zhu Shijie die?
What did Zhu Shijie use to solve simultaneous equations?
What type of algebra did mathematicians make advances in during the Yuan era?
When was the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns written?
What did Guo Shoujing do?
What did Gou derive for his astronomical calculations?
What was the name of Gou Shoujing's calendar?
What is another name for the Shoushi Li?
When was the Shoushi Li calendar disseminated?
Who were the Healers of the Yuan court?
What did otachi doctors use?
What type of cures did Mongol shamans use?
What did Kublai create?
Why were Confucian scholars attracted to the medical profession?
How many schools did the Yuan have?
How did the Yuan acquire the "Four Great Schools"?
How did the Mongols spread Chinese medicine to the west?
What Chinese medical techniques were transmitted to the Middle East and the rest of the empire?
When did Wei Yilin die?
What was another name for huihui?
Who founded the Office of Western Medicine?
When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?
Why did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
What two philosophies did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
How was Chinese printing technology transferred to the Mongols?
Who wrote Nong Shu?
When was earthenware movable type invented?
Who was the name of Ögedei's wife?
When did the Mongols create the Imperial Library Directorate?
What was the paper money of the Yuan called?
What was the chao made from?
When did the Yuan switch to bronze plates to print paper money?
What did the Yuan use to print paper money?
When did the Il-khanate issue paper money?
What type of system of government was created by Kublai Khan?
What type of government did Kublai Khan compromise between?
Who were the Semuren?
What type of coloration did the Yuan regime have?
Where did Persians reach the highest post in the government?
Who did the Mongols import to serve as administrators in China?
Who did the Mongols send to serve as administrators in Bukhara?
Where were Han Chinese moved to by the Mongols?
What did the Mongols work the Han Chinese as?
Who was the Mongol appointed Governor of Samarqand?
What did the Yuan Emperors do to Muslims?
What type of butchering did the Yuan Emperors forbid for Jews?
Who was the founder of the Ming dynasty?
What did the Hui Muslims claim that the Han Chinese gave to them as a result of their role in overthrowing the Mongols?
Who revolted against the Yuan dynasty in the Ispah Rebellion?
Who wrote that the term "social classes" for the four-class system was misleading?
What did Mote say the four-class system entailed?
What type of Chinese were in the four-class system?
What were the conditions of the Mongol and Semu?
Which class of Chinese were ranked higher?
Which class of Chinese were ranked lower because they surrendered to the Mongols?
Why were Southern Chinese ranked lower than Northern Chinese?
What was the reason for the order of the classes?
Who did major commerce during this era give favorable conditions for?
Who surrendered to the Mongols first?
Who did Kublai Khan rank higher than the Korean King?
Who objected to the Mongols placing the Uighurs over the Koreans at the court?
What did Kublai Khan say about the Uighurs?
What was considered the most important region of the dynasty?
What was the name of the body that governed the Central Region?
Where was the Central Secretariat located?
In what modern city is Khanbaliq located?
What is another name for the Central Secretariat?
Where is Kenya located?
What is the EAC?
What is the capital of Kenya?
What country borders Kenya to the south?
What was the population of Kenya in July 2014?
What type of climate does Kenya have?
What is the climate like in the savannah grasslands around Nairobi?
What mountain in Kenya has snow permanently on its peaks?
What countries border Kenya on the north-eastern regions?
What is Kenya known for?
When did humans first inhabit the African Great Lakes?
When did the Bantu expansion reach the African Great Lakes?
What two groups make up 97% of the population of Kenya?
When did European exploration of the interior of Kenya begin?
When did Kenya obtain independence?
What is the Republic of Kenya named after?
What Kikuyu, Embu, and Kamba words mean "God's resting place"?
What does the Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words for Kenya mean?
What did Ludwig Krapf record the name as?
What is the African pronunciation of the word "Kenia"?
Who drew a map in 1882 that indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia?
When was Mt. Kenya first known as Mt. Kenia?
What is the name of the game animals of Africa?
What are the "Big Five" game animals of Africa?
Where are the "Big Five" game animals found in Kenya?
When does the annual animal migration occur?
How far do the wildebeest migrate?
How long ago did primates live in Kenya?
When did Homo erectus and Homo habilis live in Kenya?
Who discovered the Turkana Boy?
How old was the Turkana Boy?
Who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill?
Who built Mombasa into a major port city?
What city did the Swahili build into a major port?
Who claimed that Mombasa was a place of great traffic?
Where has Malindi played host to many merchants and explorers?
What is one of the cities that line the Kenyan coast?
When did Malindi become an important Swahili settlement?
When did World War I begin?
Who agreed to a truce at the start of World War I?
Who took command of the German military forces?
How did von Lettow-Vorbeck survive?
Where did von Lettow-Vorbeck surrender?
Where were over a million members of the Kikuyu people living?
How did the Kikuyu live?
What did the settlers do to protect their interests?
How many white settlers lived in Kenya in the 1950s?
When was Itote captured?
What did the capture of Itote do for the Mau Mau Mau?
When did Operation Anvil open?
How many Mau Mau were killed by the end of Operation Anvil?
What was the Swynnerton Plan?
When did the first direct elections for the Legislative Council take place?
Who formed a government in 1957?
When did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya end?
In what year did Kenya become an independent country?
What was the name of Kenya when it became a republic?
What is the mlolongo system?
What did the mlolongo system lead to?
Who won re-election in 1992 and 1997?
What type of government is Kenya?
What two positions does the president hold in Kenya?
How is executive power exercised in Kenya?
Who has legislative power in Kenya?
What is independent of the executive and the legislature?
Where does Kenya rank on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index?
What does the CPI attempt to do?
Where did Kenya rank in the CPI in 2012?
What is the EACC?
What party did Kibaki belong to?
What was the name of the main opposition party?
What happened to Kibaki as the ECK continued to count the votes?
Who declared himself the "people's president"?
What did the government and civil society organisations start after the election riots?
What group started community dialogues?
What church in Kenya started peace meetings?
What was the name of the process that was started after the election riots?
When did Kibaki and Odinga sign an agreement to form a coalition government?
What position did Odinga become in the coalition government?
Who would the president appoint cabinet ministers from?
How many cabinet ministers would Kibaki appoint?
How long would the coalition hold?
What is the new office of the Prime Minister?
Who brought the former rivals to the signing ceremony?
Where was the signing of the power-sharing agreement broadcast on national TV?
When did representatives of PNU and ODM begin working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement?
What did the deal between Kibaki and Odinga mean?
What was the proposed change to the Kenyan constitution?
When was the new Kenyan constitution passed?
What did the new constitution do?
When was the new Kenyan constitution promulgated?
What did the new constitution herald?
When did Uhuru Kenyatta sign the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Why did supporters of the Security Laws Amendment Bill believe it was necessary?
Who criticized the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What did the Western countries argue about the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Which Western countries issued a statement cautioning about the potential impact of the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What was the reason for Obama not to visit Kenya in 2013?
Who was the first American president to visit Kenya while in office?
What country did Kenyatta visit in the summer of 2013?
When did Obama visit Kenya?
Where are the armed forces regularly deployed?
What caused the Waki Commission?
What have there been serious allegations of?
What has been tainted by corruption allegations?
Why has corruption in the Kenyan armed forces been less in public view?
What happened in 2010?
What has been questioned about the Kenyan armed forces?
What is Kenya's Human Development Index?
What is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa?
What did 17.7% of Kenyans live on as of 2005?
What is Kenya usually classified as?
What has boosted the service sector in East and Central Africa?
What is an important catalyst of economic growth in under-developed economies?
What is the smallest sector in Swaziland?
How much of the economy does the agricultural sector employ?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP comes from the services sector?
What is Kenya's largest foreign exchange earning sector?
What has the tourism sector exhibited in most years since independence?
Where are tourists from Germany and the UK mainly attracted to Kenya?
What countries are the largest number of tourists to Kenya?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP was agriculture in 2005?
What are the principal cash crops in Kenya?
What is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product?
What is the main factor that affects the production of major food staples in Kenya?
What group has helped Kenyan farmers grow pigeon pea varieties instead of maize?
Why are pigeon pea varieties better for areas with less than 650mm annual rainfall?
How did the ICRISAT projects encourage the commercialization of legumes?
How much did the ICRISAT's work in Nairobi and Mombasa help to increase producer prices?
What has the commercialisation of the pigeon pea done?
Where are tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat grown in Kenya?
What are grown in the fertile highlands?
Where does livestock predominate in Kenya?
What percentage of the population lives below the poverty line?
What is the name of the initiative by the Red Cross?
What country is the most industrially developed in the African Great Lakes region?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP is made up of manufacturing?
What are the three largest urban centers in Kenya?
What does Jua Kali do?
What has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years?
When did the AGOA take effect?
Where does the largest share of Kenya's electricity supply come from?
What are the two dams that provide the largest share of Kenya's electricity supply?
When was the Kenya Electricity Generating Company established?
Where does Kenya have proven deposits of oil?
What is the estimate of Kenya's oil reserves?
What is still continuing to determine if there are more oil reserves in Kenya?
What percentage of Kenya's import bill is petroleum?
How much did China invest in Kenya in 2013?
What did Liu Guangyuan say about Kenya?
What did Kenyatta hope to gain from his 2013 trip to China?
What company shipped its first major consignment of minerals to China?
What has China been causing in Kenya?
What did the Kenyan government unveil in 2007?
What is Vision 2030?
What did the Kenyan government launch in 2013?
Why did the Kenyan government launch a National Climate Change Action Plan?
What did the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030 emphasise at the launch of the National Climate Change Action Plan?
Where do most working children in Kenya work?
What percentage of girls in the coastal areas of Kenya were subject to prostitution in 2006?
What are the ages of most prostitutes in Kenya?
What are the causes of child labour in Kenya?
What do Kenya's various ethnic groups speak?
What are the two official languages of Kenya?
Where is English widely spoken in Kenya?
Where is British English primarily used in Kenya?
What religion are the majority of Kenyans?
What religion do 47.7% of Kenyans consider themselves to be?
How many followers does the Presbyterian Church of East Africa have in Kenya?
Where is the only Jewish synagogue in Kenya?
What percentage of Kenya is nonreligious?
What percentage of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region?
What is the religion of the western areas of the Coast Region?
How many Hindus live in Kenya?
Who treat 80% of the population?
Who are complicated cases referred to in Kenya?
How many qualified nurses were in Kenya in 2011?
How many doctors were in Kenya in 2011?
What directly correlates with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution?
What percentage of Kenyans live below the poverty level?
What are the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity?
What are some of the reasons for the high rate of morbidity in Kenya?
How many cases of malaria were there in Kenya in 2006?
Who introduced Kenya's first system of education?
When was Kenya's independence?
What was the name of the authority that was formed after Kenya's independence?
What did the Ominde Commission focus on?
What system of education did Kenya adopt between 1964 and 1985?
What was the Presidential Working Party on the Second University commissioned to do?
What system did the Presidential Working Party on the Second University recommend?
What system did the Presidential Working Party on the Second University recommend?
When did the last batch of students from the 7-4-2-3 system graduate?
When was the current 8-4-4 system launched?
What subjects did the 8-4-4 system put more emphasis on?
Why did the 8-4-4 system put more emphasis on vocational subjects?
When did the Government of Kenya announce free primary education?
How much did primary school enrolment increase as a result of the introduction of free primary education?
At what age does basic formal education start?
How many years does primary school last?
What can primary school students do?
What are the two options for high school students?
What is the literacy level in Kenya?
What is the age range of children who attend preschool in Kenya?
What is a key requirement for admission to Standard One?
What does the KCPE determine?
What is the name of the national examination at the end of Form Four?
What does KNLS stand for?
What is the KNLS mandated to do?
What is a public library seen as in Kenya?
Why is a public library seen as a peoples university?
What are some sports that Kenya is active in?
What is Kenya known for?
Who continues to dominate the world of distance running?
What two countries have reduced Kenya's distance running supremacy?
How many gold medals did Kenya win in the 2008 Olympics?
What was Kenya's ranking in the 2008 Olympics?
What did Pamela Jelimo win?
What has caused controversy in Kenyan athletics circles?
Why do most Kenyan athletes defect to other countries?
What sport has Kenya been a dominant force in?
What is the most popular team sport in Kenya?
In what year did Kenya reach the semi-finals of the Cricket World Cup?
Who is the current captain of the Kenya cricket team?
When was the FIFA suspension of the Kenya Football Federation lifted?
What is one of the toughest rallies in the world?
What is the Safari Rally known for?
Who are some of the best rally drivers in the world?
How many meals do Kenyans generally have?
What are the two hours of tea in a day in Kenya?
What is the typical breakfast in Kenya?
What is generally eaten by much of the population for lunch or supper?
What organization is the IPCC under the auspices of?
What two United Nations organizations established the IPCC?
What is the goal of the UNFCCC?
What is the main international treaty on climate change?
What did the United Nations General Assembly endorse?
Who is the current chair of the IPCC?
What is Hoesung Lee's nationality?
Who was the IPCC's vice-Chair before Hoesung Lee?
Who was the chair of the IPCC in 1988?
When did Rajendra K. Pachauri resign?
Who is the IPCC Panel composed of?
How many government officials and climate change experts attended the 2003 meeting?
Who attended the 2003 meeting?
How many of the attendees at the 2003 meeting were from governmental organizations?
When was the IPCC Trust Fund established?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What does UNEP stand for?
What is the IPCC required to comply with?
What does WMO stand for?
Does the IPCC do any research?
What do the lead authors of IPCC reports assess?
What is the "grey literature"?
What are some examples of non-peer-reviewed sources?
How many "coordinating lead authors"?
How many lead authors does a chapter typically have?
How many "contributing authors" are in a chapter?
Who is responsible for assembling the contributions of the other authors?
Who do the coordinating lead authors report to?
What did the WG I Summary for Policymakers report say emissions resulting from human activities are doing to the greenhouse gases?
What does the WG I Summary for Policymakers report say the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases will result in on average?
How much of the enhanced greenhouse effect does the WG I Summary for Policymakers say CO2 has been responsible for?
Under what scenario does the WG I Summary for Policymakers predict the global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade
How much did the WG I Summary for Policymakers say the global mean surface air temperature has increased over the last 100 years?
When did 16 national science academies issue a joint statement on climate change?
Who issued a joint statement on climate change in 2001?
The joint statement was also published as an editorial in what journal?
What percentage of science academies support the TAR's conclusion that temperatures will continue to rise?
What is the projected average global surface temperature projected to increase by by 2100?
Who is the author of the TAR?
What did Lindzen say about the WGI Summary for Policymakers?
Who was a co-chair of the TAR WGI?
What was John Houghton's role in the TAR?
What must any changes to the SPM be supported by?
How does the preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follow?
In what year were the two Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
In what year were the two Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
How were the Special Reports on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation and SREX created?
What does the IPCC support?
What are factors used to derive emissions estimates based on the levels of fuel consumption, industrial production and so on?
What are the default emission factors?
What two councils are responsible for the work of the IPCC?
What did the IPCC admit was incorrect in the final summary?
What did the IPCC express regret for?
Where was the date of 2035 correctly quoted by the IPCC from?
What was the source of the WWF report?
What position did Robert Watson hold?
What did former IPCC chairman Robert Watson say the mistakes had gone in the direction of?
What position did Martin Parry hold in the IPCC?
What did Martin Parry say was the first mistake?
What did Parry say about the other errors investigated by the IPCC?
In what year was the "hockey stick graph" published?
Who wrote the "hockey stick graph"?
What has the MBH99 graph been referred to as?
Who supported the MBH99 finding?
What were the studies presented as demonstrating the current warming period is exceptional in comparison to?
Who was the leader of the Science and Environmental Policy Project?
Where did Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project hold a press event?
When was a hearing held on the hockey stick graph?
Where did Singer and Karlén argue against the graph?
Who was the chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce in 2005?
Who was the chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations?
When did Rep. Joe Barton write a joint letter with Ed Whitfield demanding information about Mann, Bradley, and Hughes?
Who was the chairman of the House Science Committee?
Who was the chairman of the House Science Committee?
In what year was the Third Assessment Report published?
When was the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report published?
How many of the 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
What problem was discussed in the section of the AR4 report about tree ring data?
How many reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
When was a study published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report?
What did a study published on February 1, 2007 suggest?
What did the 2007 study show about the temperature and sea level rise?
What did the 2007 study show about sea level rise?
What is an example of scientific research that suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC have been understated?
What was the projected rise in sea levels by the IPCC in 2001?
What would be the projected rise in sea levels in 2100?
When was the Third Assessment Report published?
What was Michael Oppenheimer's role in the IPCC?
In what magazine did Michael Oppenheimer concede the limitations of the IPCC consensus approach?
What did Oppenheimer ask for?
What was the Ozone depletion global regulation based on?
What issue did the Kyoto Protocol fail on?
Who still follow different goals?
Who said that the actors in the ozone depletion case had better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainties?
What remain an unsolved problem in case of the IPCC conclusions and the failure of the Kyoto Protocol?
What was the stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge based on successfully reducing?
Who ordered the Stern Review?
Who does the IPCC rely on for research?
What cannot be included in the IPCC report?
What body is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science?
How many climate scientists wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC?
Where did the five climate scientists write in response to the Fourth Assessment Report?
What was one of the options the scientists suggested for the IPCC?
What was one of the other recommendations made by the five scientists?
What is the main function of chloroplasts?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What is the process in which chloroplasts make organic molecules from carbon dioxide called?
What is the number of chloroplasts per cell in algae?
How do chloroplasts reproduce?
What influences chloroplasts behavior?
What do chloroplasts do that mitochondria do?
What is the ancestor of chloroplasts?
How are chloroplasts made?
Where are chloroplasts only found?
What nationality is Konstantin Mereschkowski?
What was Konstantin Mereschkowski's profession?
When did Konstantin Mereschkowski first suggest that chloroplasts originated from cyanobacteria?
Who observed that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria?
What are the ancestors of chloroplasts?
What type of bacteria are cyanobacteria?
What is a gram-negative bacteria?
What type of cell wall does Cyanobacteria have?
What are cyanobacteria sometimes called?
What type of cell did a free-living cyanobacterium enter?
When did a free-living cyanobacterium enter an early eukaryotic cell?
What surrounds all chloroplasts?
What membrane from the host was probably lost?
What happened to the cyanobacterium after it was assimilated?
What does plastid mean?
How many chloroplast lineages are there?
What is another name for the rhodophyte?
What is the name of the lineage that contains land plants?
Which of the three chloroplast lineages contains land plants?
What type of alga is Cyanophora?
What type of algae is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast?
What are muroplasts?
What is the icosahedral structure that glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in
What type of structure is a carboxysome?
What do Rhodoplasts have for photosynthetic pigments?
What are phycobilin pigments organized into on the thylakoid membranes?
What pigment gives red algae their distinctive red color?
What is the red phycoerytherin pigment used for?
What is floridean?
What do green chloroplasts lose that make them different from glaucophyte and red algae?
Why are some Hæmatococcus pluvialis green?
What have chloroplastidan chloroplasts lost?
What do some plants use the genes for the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer for?
What do green chloroplasts contain?
What type of membrane do primary chloroplasts have from their cyanobacterial ancestor?
What do secondary chloroplasts have?
What is a secondary endosymbiotic event?
Along with the two cyanobacterial membranes, what are the other three membranes in a secondary chloroplast?
What was the engulfed alga left with after it was broken down?
What do euglenophytes contain?
What type of protists are euglenophytes?
How are thylakoids and pyrenoid in euglenophytes?
What is stored in the form of paramylon?
What is thought to have been lost that left the cyanobacterial membranes?
What is another name for cryptophytes?
What do cryptophytes contain?
What do cryptophyte chloroplasts contain?
Where do cryptomonads store starch?
How many stacks of pyrenoid and thylakoids are in cryptophyte chloroplasts?
Apicomplexans were once thought to be related to what algae?
What type of algae are apicomplexans?
What is Plasmodium?
What do many apicomplexans keep?
How do apicomplexans store their energy?
What do apicoplasts synthesize?
What is the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to cure?
What is the most important apicoplast function?
What do apicoplasts lack?
How many membranes are in the apicoplasts?
What pigment is not found in any other group of chloroplasts?
What is the most common dinophyte chloroplast?
What type of thylakoids are in the peridinin-type chloroplast?
What has the peridinin chloroplast lost?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
How many membranes does a haptophyte chloroplast have?
What would tertiary endosymbiosis create?
From what do members of the genus Dinophysis have a phycobilin-containing chloroplast?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What do members of the genus Dinophysis have taken from a cryptophyte?
What is left after the chloroplast has been stripped of its nucleomorph and outermost two membranes?
What is another term for a diatom?
What do Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have?
How many membranes are in a diatom's chloroplast?
What do you count as the chloroplast of a diatom?
Where does the diatom endosymbiont store its starch?
Where have the nucleomorph genes been transferred to?
What is the only dinophyte that has a chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage?
What did Lepidodinium viride lose?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace their original peridinin chloroplast with?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace their original peridinin chloroplast with?
Where do most chloroplasts originate from?
What is an exception to the first set of endosymbiotic events?
How many base pairs long is the chromatophore DNA?
How many protein encoding genes does the chromatophore DNA contain?
How many base pairs long is the Synechococcus genome?
What is the abbreviation for the DNA of chloroplasts?
What is another name for cpDNA?
When was it first proved that chloroplasts have their own DNA?
When was the DNA of liverwort and tobacco first sequenced?
Who sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco?
What is highly conserved among land plants?
Some chloroplast DNAs have lost or flipped the inverted repeats, making them what?
What do the inverted repeats help do?
How have scientists tried to observe chloroplast replication?
How many main models have been proposed for the replication of chloroplast DNA?
What form does the D-loop adopt as it moves through the circular DNA?
What is another name for theta intermediary form?
How does the D-loop complete replication?
What type of deamination happens in cpDNA?
When does DNA become susceptible to deamination events?
What type of structure is most cpDNA?
How is it believed that most cpDNA replicates?
Where does the second theory believe that most genetic material is kept?
What is another competing model for cpDNA replication similar to?
What type of cpDNA does maize have?
What type of cpDNA has been shown to have a deamination gradient?
How does most cpDNA most likely replicates?
What is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages?
What do the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus provide evidence for?
What do diatoms now have?
What type of chloroplast did the ancestor of all chromalveolates have?
What did most chloroplast genes become?
How many of the protein products of transferred genes aren't targeted back to the chloroplast?
What new functions did exaptations take on?
To reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross what?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
What does phosphorylation do?
What does phosphorylation do to a polypeptide?
What shape are chloroplasts in land plants?
How large are chloroplasts in land plants?
How thick are chloroplasts in land plants?
What is the shape of Oedogonium?
What is the shape of Chlorella's chloroplast?
What is often cited as evidence that chloroplasts are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria?
What is the outer chloroplast membrane often interpreted as?
How are the outer and inner chloroplast membranes compared to the original double membranes of cyanobacterium?
What is the chloroplast double membrane often compared to?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used for?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used to do?
What is the only chloroplast structure that can be considered analogous to the mitochondrial double membrane?
What membrane regulates metabolite passage and synthesizes some materials?
What are very rare in chloroplasts?
What is a stromule?
Why might stromules exist?
When were stromules first observed?
Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum often found?
Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum found?
What is a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles continuous with the inner chloroplast membrane?
What is the purpose of the chloroplast peripheral reticulum?
The small vesicles sometimes observed may serve as transport vesicle to shuttle stuff between what?
What do chloroplasts use their own ribosomes for?
What is the size of a chloroplast ribosome?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What do small subunit ribosomal RNAs in several Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts lack?
What is shine-dalgarno sequence recognition?
What is another name for plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli made of?
How large are plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli surrounded by?
How are plastoglobuli permanently attached?
What do plastoglobuli exchange their contents with?
How do plastoglobuli occur in normal green chloroplasts?
When do plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains?
Where are pyrenoids found?
What shape are pyrenoids?
What type of bodies are pyrenoids?
What is accumulated in pyrenoids when CO2 is scarce?
What can pyrenoids do?
What model of grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes?
What shape are the thylakoids in the helicalThylakoid model?
How many thylakoids can a granum contain?
How many thylakoids are most common in a grana?
What are the frets or lamellar thylakoids called?
What do photosystem II and photosystem I absorb and use to energize electrons?
What do photosystem II and photosystem I absorb and use to energize electrons?
What do the light-harvesting complexes with chlorophyll and carotenoids do with light energy?
What do molecules in the thylakoid membrane do with the energized electrons?
What is ATP synthase similar to?
How many types of thylakoids are there?
What are granal thylakoids?
What do stromal thylakoids do?
What are granal thylakoids?
How large are granal thylakoids?
How many photosynthetic carotenoids are there?
What do carotenoids do?
Why do carotenoids sometimes override chlorophyll green?
What is β-carotene?
What is one of the most common xanthophylls?
What are phycobilins?
What color does phycoerytherin make many red algae?
What type of algae is phycoerytherin used to make?
What do phycobilins usually organize into?
How large are phycobilisomes?
What does chloroplasts use to fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules?
What is the problem with rubisco?
Why does rubisco have a problem?
What cycle uses rubisco?
What is wasted when rubisco adds oxygen to sugar precursors?
What are chloroplasts specialized for in mesophyll cells?
What do mesophyll cells lack?
What do mesophyll cells have to make ATP and NADPH?
Where do chloroplasts store CO2?
What is the job of bundle sheath chloroplasts?
What parts of a plant contain chloroplasts?
What makes a plant green?
What are the plant cells which contain chloroplasts called?
Where can chloroplasts be found in a plant?
What is a chlorenchyma cell?
Where are chloroplasts found in cacti?
Where are chloroplasts found in most plants?
How many chloroplasts are in stomatal guard cells?
How many chloroplasts can one square millimeter of leaf tissue contain?
Where are chloroplasts mainly found in a leaf?
When do chloroplasts spread out in a sheet?
When do chloroplasts seek shelter?
What does the orientation of chloroplasts protect them from?
What is the reason why land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts?
What has been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move?
How many main immune responses do plants have?
What is the hypersensitive response?
What is systemic acquired resistance?
How do chloroplasts stimulate both immune responses?
What do chloroplasts produce when they damage their photosynthetic system?
What molecules do chloroplasts produce when they detect stress?
When do chloroplasts begin producing molecules like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species?
What do reactive oxygen species do instead of leaving the chloroplast?
What is retrograde signaling?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What does photosynthesis produce?
What are used in photosynthesis?
What is made in photosynthesis?
What do chloroplasts do with the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient?
Where do the molecules between the photosystems pump hydrogen ions?
How many hydrogen ions are in the thylakoid system?
What does ATP synthase use the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to create?
What does ATP stand for?
What takes the reenergized electrons?
What is it called when electrons are recycled?
Where is cyclic photophosphorylation most common?
What do C4 plants need?
What starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate molecules?
What does the Calvin cycle result in?
What do the unstable six-carbon molecules break down into?
How many of the G3P molecules leave the cycle?
How is starch made?
When do starch grains grow very large?
What happens to the grana and thylakoids when the starch grains grow large?
What can cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts?
What might the starch grains be a side effect of?
What can Rubisco do when the oxygen concentration is too high?
When doesPhotorespiration occur?
Why doesPhotorespiration reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis?
How much carbon doesPhotorespiration waste?
Why are C4 plants notable?
Where do chloroplasts make most of a plant's amino acids?
What are the only sulfur-containing amino acids in a plant cell?
Why is cysteine synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria?
What is unclear about the last leg of the pathway to methionine?
What are a special type of a plant cell organelle called?
Where do all chloroplasts in a plant come from?
Where are proplastids commonly found?
What is the most common development of chloroplasts in a plant?
What can happen if angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation?
What is an etioplast?
What is the inner membrane of an etioplast?
What do etioplasts have?
Which plants do not require light to form chloroplasts?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What are chromoplasts?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What can turn back into proplastids?
What do FtsZ1 and Fts Z2 assemble into?
What is active at the poles of the chloroplast?
What does ARC6 form?
Where does the Z-ring form?
What system manages the placement of the Z-ring?
What is another name for PD rings?
How many plastid-dividing rings form?
How large are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
How many nanometers apart are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
What is found in a few species of chloroplasts?
What has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division?
What type of light is necessary for chloroplasts to complete division?
What shape of chloroplasts do spinach leaves grown under green light have?
Under what type of light can chloroplasts grow and progress through constriction stages?
Why are chloroplasts not inherited from the male parent?
What do genetically modified plants that are biologically contained have a lower risk of?
What is the failed containment rate of transplastomic plants?
What type of plants have a failed containment rate of 3 in 1,000,000?
A prime number has no positive divisors other than 1 and what?
What is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number called?
What establishes the central role of primes in number theory?
Any integer greater than 1 can be expressed as what?
Why does the fundamental theorem of arithmetic require excluding 1 as a prime?
What is the property of being prime called?
What is a simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number?
What is the name of the algorithm that is fast but has a small probability of error?
What is the name of the algorithm that always produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical?
What is the largest known prime number?
How many primes are there?
Who demonstrated that there are infinitely many primes?
What can be modelled of primes in the large?
What was the first result in that direction?
When was the prime number theorem proven?
What conjecture states that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes?
What conjecture states that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2?
What type of number theory focuses on analytic aspects of numbers?
What is a routine that makes use of the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors?
Along with prime elements, what is an example of a generalization of prime numbers?
What is the largest number that is not a prime number?
What are the three distinct divisors of a number n?
What term refers to any prime number greater than 2?
What is the usual decimal system number that all prime numbers larger than 5 end in?
What are multiples of 2?
What number did early Greeks not consider to be a number?
Who listed 1 as the first prime number in a correspondence with Leonhard Euler?
Who did Christian Goldbach have a correspondence with in the mid-18th century?
What was the highest number on Derrick Norman Lehmer's list of primes?
By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number but rather forms what?
What theorem would not hold as stated if 1 was considered a prime?
When would the sieve of Eratosthenes not work correctly?
The relationship of the number to its corresponding value of what is a prime number?
Along with Euler's totient function, what is another property of prime numbers that the number 1 lacks?
What would a modified version of the sieve of Eratosthenes produce as output?
What is one of the earliest records of the Egyptians having knowledge of prime numbers?
Where are the earliest records of the explicit study of prime numbers?
What is the name of the book that contains important theorems about primes?
Who showed how to construct a perfect number from a Mersenne prime?
What is the Sieve of Eratosthenes used to do?
When did Pierre de Fermat state his little theorem?
Who discovered that the Fermat number 232 + 1 is composite?
What number did Fermat believe to be prime?
What form of prime numbers did Marin Mersenne look at?
How many numbers of the form 22n + 1 were verified by Fermat?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n?
How can the trial division be implemented more efficiently?
What is the minimum amount of factors a and b must be to be considered a prime?
How many divisions are necessary to check the primality of 37?
What does the trial division consist of dividing n by?
How many classes can modern primality tests be divided into?
What are the two main classes of primality tests?
What type of algorithm will always identify a prime number as prime?
What type of algorithm will always identify a prime number as prime?
What is the probability that a number is composite?
What is a simple example of a probabilistic test?
What does the Fermat primality test rely on?
What are some numbers that satisfy the Fermat identity even though they are not prime?
Along with the Miller-Rabin and Solovay-Strassen tests, what is a powerful extension of the Fermat primality test
What is an example of a more powerful extension of the Fermat primality test?
What are Sophie Germain primes?
What is the form of a Mersenne prime?
What test is particularly fast for numbers of the form 2p − 1?
What are primes where p + 1 or p − 1 is of a particular shape called?
What are primes where either p + 1 or p − 1 is of a particular shape?
How have some of the largest primes been found?
When was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded a US$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million
How much did the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project win in 2009?
What organization offers $150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits?
What is the interval of possible primes?
What does the largest integer not greater than the number in question represent?
Who was the first to prove Bertrand's postulate?
For what natural number does Bertrand's postulate state that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n
What does Bertrand's postulate state that there always exists at least one prime number p?
What formula generates the number 2 many times and all other primes exactly once?
What is the necessary condition for a and q to be coprime?
What asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes?
What is the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9?
How many prime numbers do the rows starting with a = 3, 6, or 9 contain?
In all other rows of Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions, there are what?
What is closely related to prime numbers?
What would ζ(1) have if there were only finitely many primes?
What happens to the harmonic series when it exceeds any given number?
What happens when the harmonic series diverges?
What is the Basel problem?
When did the Riemann hypothesis date from?
What are the only three zeroes of the ζ-function that have real part equal to 1/2?
What does the Riemann hypothesis state that the irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from?
What does the Riemann hypothesis state holds for shorter intervals of length?
What does the Riemann hypothesis state holds for shorter intervals of length?
What asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes?
When were all four of Landau's problems unsolved?
As of February 2011, what has Goldbach's conjecture been verified for?
What says that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes?
What says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime?
What is it conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2?
What is a twin prime conjecture?
What conjecture states that for every positive integer n, there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes?
What is the form of infinitely many primes?
What conjecture states that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2?
What was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics for a long time?
What British mathematician prided themselves on doing work that had absolutely no military significance?
When was it announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms?
Along with pseudorandom number generators, what are prime numbers used for?
Along with hash tables, what are prime numbers used for?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always what?
What is the period of a recurring decimal?
What must be divisible by p in Wilson's theorem?
What is the only condition for an integer n > 4 to be composite?
What must happen for the fraction 1/p to have the same effect as a recurring decimal?
What is the name of the public-key cryptography algorithm that is based on large prime numbers?
What is another public-key cryptography algorithm that is based on large prime numbers?
What is the most common prime number used for RSA?
What does the Diffie-Hellman key exchange rely on?
What is the typical prime number for the Diffie-Hellman key exchange?
What insects make use of prime numbers?
How do cicadas spend most of their lives?
How long do cicadas live underground?
Why do cicadas use prime number intervals between emergences?
How much higher would the predator populations be during outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas over a 200 year period?
What does the word "prime" indicate?
What is a prime field?
How can any knot be uniquely expressed?
What is the second meaning of the word prime?
In knot theory, a prime knot is indecomposable in what way?
What is an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined?
What are the two general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring R?
In the ring Z of integers, the set of prime elements equals what?
What is a prime element?
What is an element irreducible if it is not a unit?
What continues to hold in unique factorization domains?
What is an example of a unique factorization domain?
What are the complex numbers of the Gaussian integers Z[i?
What are a and b in the Gaussian integers Z[i?
What is an example of a rational prime in Z?
Where is the notion of number replaced with that of ideal?
What generalize prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal?
Along with algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, in what theory are prime ideals an important tool and object of study?
What generalizes to the Lasker-Noether theorem?
The Lasker-Noether theorem expresses every ideal in what?
What are the points of algebro-geometric objects?
What does factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field resemble?
What can be used in proving quadratic reciprocity?
What does quadratic reciprocity concern?
What happens to the p-adic norm when a number is multiplied by p?
Where can arithmetic questions related to Q be transferred back and forth to?
What does completing Q with respect to yield the field of real numbers?
What principle underlines the importance of primes to number theory?
Who used prime numbers to create ametrical music through natural phenomena?
What was the name of Olivier Messiaen's 1935 work?
What was the name of Messiaen's work in 1949-50?
In which of Olivier Messiaen's works do the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear?
What did Messiaen say he was inspired by?
Where does the Rhine begin?
Where does the Rhine empties into?
What is the biggest city on the Rhine?
What is the longest river in Central and Western Europe?
How long is the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine located?
Where does the Rhine empties into the North Sea?
How long is the Rhine?
What is the name of the Rhine derived from?
What is the Dutch name for the Gaulish name Rēnos?
What was the Gaulish name for the Rhine?
When was the Gaulish name Rēnos adapted in Roman-era geography?
What is the name of the Rhine derived from?
What is the Dutch name for the Gaulish name Rēnos?
What is the Dutch name for the Rhine?
What was the Gaulish name for the Rhine?
What was the Dutch name for the Rhine?
What is the length of the Rhine conventionally measured in?
When was the Rheinkilometer introduced?
Where is the start of the Rheinkilometer?
Where does the Rheinkilometer end?
What caused the length of the Rhine to be shortened?
What is the length of the Rhine conventionally measured in?
When was the Rheinkilometer introduced?
Where is the start of the Rheinkilometer?
What caused the length of the Rhine to be shortened?
Where does the Rheinkilometer end?
What direction does the Rhine turn to near Chur?
How long is the north section of the Rhine?
What is the name of the glacial alpine valley that the Rhine flows through?
Where is a natural dam that prevents the Rhine from flowing into the Seeztal valley?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein and what other country to the East?
Where does the Rhine make a distinctive turn to the north?
How long is the north section of the Rhine?
How high does the Alpine Rhine begin?
What is the name of the glacial alpine valley that the Rhine flows through?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Liechtenstein and what other country?
The mouth of the Rhine into what lake forms an inland delta?
What is the name of the part of the delta that is delimited in the West?
What is in the East of the delta?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
What does Esel mean?
The mouth of the Rhine into what lake forms an inland delta?
What is in the East of the delta?
What is the name of the part of the delta that is delimited in the West?
What did the natural Rhine form by precipitating sediments?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
Where was the upper canal near?
Where was the lower canal located?
What did the Rhine Delta need to be regulated to prevent?
Where does the Dornbirner Ach now flow?
What will the continuous input of sediment into Lake Tuggenersee produce?
Where was the lower canal located?
What was the purpose of the lower canal at Fußach?
Where was the upper canal near?
Which canal had to be diverted to Lake Tuggenersee?
What is expected to silt up Lake Tuggenersee?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
What does the Untersee mean?
What does the Seerhein mean?
Where does the Rhine flow into Lake Constance?
What does the Obersee mean?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
In what country is Lake Constance located?
Near what mountain range is Lake Constance located?
What is the approximate location of Lake Constance?
Along with Bavaria, what German state borders Lake Constance?
Why does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths at the Rheinbrech?
Where is a small fraction of the flow of the Rhine diverted to?
Where does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
How long is the flow of the Rhine water clearly visible along the entire length of the lake?
What is the name of the island off the northern shore of Lake Überlingen?
Where does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
What is the name of the island off the northern shore of Lake Überlingen?
Where is a small fraction of the flow of the Rhine diverted to?
What does the Rheinrinne mean?
What determines the visibility of the Rhine water?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average water discharge of the Aare?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
Where does the Rhine turn north?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average water discharge of the Aare?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
What language does the Rhine roughly form the Swiss border from Lake Constance?
What is the first major city in the course of the Rhine?
What is the name of the bend where the direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
How long is the Upper Rhine Plain?
How wide is the Upper Rhine Plain?
What is the first major city in the course of the Rhine?
What is the name of the bend where the direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
What direction does the Rhine flow after the "Rhine knee"?
Which river ends at the "Rhine knee"?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow?
What happened to the ground water level?
What canal was dug on the French side of the Rhine?
What is the Bassin de compensation de Plobsheim?
What region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow?
What happened to the ground water level?
What canal was dug on the French side of the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine located?
What is the average discharge of the Moselle?
What is the longest river in Germany?
Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via what river?
What is the average width of the Rhine as it approaches the Dutch border?
Where is the Rhine located?
Where is the Rhine located?
Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via what river?
What country drains to the Rhine via the Moselle?
What is the mean discharge of the Rhine as it approaches the Dutch border?
What river flows between Bingen and Bonn?
What is the name of the gorge that the Middle Rhine flows through between Bingen and Bonn?
The Rhine Gorge was created by what?
What is the name of the stretch of the Rhine Gorge that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
What river flows between Bingen and Bonn?
What is the name of the gorge that the Middle Rhine flows through between Bingen and Bonn?
Along with vineyards, what is the Rhine Gorge known for?
What is the Rhine Gorge known as?
What can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland?
Where does the Ruhr join the Rhine?
Which river currently provides the region with drinking water?
What does the Ruhr provide the region with?
Where can many plants and factories be found along the Rhine?
What was industry a major source of until the early 1980s?
Where are most of the factories located along the Rhine?
Where can many plants and factories be found along the Rhine?
Where does the Ruhr join the Rhine?
Which river currently provides the region with drinking water?
Along with viniculture, what is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
The Rhine Gorge is between Koblenz and what other city?
What famous rock is near Sankt Goarshausen?
What is considered the epitome of Rhine romanticism?
Along with viniculture, what is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
What is the Rhine Gorge listed as?
The Rhine Gorge is between Koblenz and what other city?
What famous rock is near Sankt Goarshausen?
Where does the Rhine flow around the famous rock Lorelei?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What is the name of the second east-west shipping route?
The Wesel-Datteln Canal runs parallel to what river?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
Which river flows through North Rhine-Westphalia?
What is the largest conurbation in Germany?
What is the name of the largest river port in Europe?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
What body of water does the Rhine merge with?
What Dutch name no longer coincides with the main flow of water?
How much of the Rhine flows farther west?
What direction does the Rhine flow through the Waal?
Where does two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flow farther west?
What body of water does the Rhine merge with?
What branches off, near Dordrecht, rejoining the Nieuwe Maas?
Where does the other third of the Rhine flow?
Which branch of the Rhine carries two ninths of the flow west?
What does the Nederrijn become at Wijk bij Duurstede?
What river does the Nederrijn rejoin?
Where does the other third of the Rhine flow?
Which branch of the Rhine carries two ninths of the flow west?
How much of the Rhine flows through the IJssel branch?
What does the Nederrijn become at Wijk bij Duurstede?
Where does the Nederrijn change its name to?
What is the name of the smaller streams that formed the main river Rhine in Roman times?
What are the smaller streams used for?
What is the old north branch of the Rhine called?
What does Kromme Rijn mean?
What does Oude Rijn mean?
What is the most important natural region of the Netherlands?
Where does the Rhine-Meuse Delta begin?
What is the shorter term for the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
What does the Rhine change its name to?
How many main flows does the Rhine split into?
What does the largest and southern main branch of the Rhine begin as?
What does Oude Maas mean?
What does Het Scheur mean?
Before what flood did the Meuse form an archipelago-like estuary?
When did the St. Elizabeth's flood occur?
Where did the Meuse flow before the St. Elizabeth's flood?
When did the Meuse and Waal merge to form Merwede?
What did the Meuse form with Waal and Lek before the St. Elizabeth's flood?
Many rivers have been closed and now serve as what for the polders?
What changed the Delta in the second half of the 20th century?
What is another term for closed rivers?
When did the construction of the Delta Works change the delta fundamentally?
What type of delta is the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
The Rhine-Meuse Delta is shaped by the sedimentation of the rivers and what else?
What could strong tidal currents do?
Between Brakel and what other city can the most landward tidal influence be detected?
The present Mediterranean Sea descends from what sea?
In what period did the Tethys ocean begin to compress?
What were the individual features of the microplates that were caught in the squeeze?
During what era was the Triassic period?
Which microplate was pushed up the Pyrenees?
What type of rift system developed in the Eocene?
What is considered the first Rhine river?
When did the first Rhine river develop?
Along with the Rhone, what river drained the northern flanks of the Alps?
How did the Rhine extend its watershed southward?
By what period had the Rhine captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains?
By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to what mountains?
What geological period began 2.5 million years ago?
How many Ice Ages have occurred?
How much of the continental margins became exposed during the Ice Ages?
In what direction did the Rhine follow in the Early Pleistocene?
Where was the Rhine's mouth located during glacial times?
How long did the last glacial period last?
When did the Pleistocene end?
In what direction did the lower Rhine flow through the Netherlands?
How much lower was the sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum?
Which channel was dry land during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What was the source of the Rhine during the last Ice Age?
What type of land did the Last Glacial Maximum leave in the space between the ice sheets?
When was the Last Glacial Maximum?
What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What is the term for wind-blown dust over the tundra?
When did northwest Europe begin to warm up?
What did frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers do when Europe began to warm up?
Where was much of the discharge from the glaciers routed to?
When did the rapid warming and changes of vegetation in Europe begin?
By what year was Europe fully forested?
When did a situation with tides and currents similar to present exist?
What had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes could compensate the transgression by the sea?
In what time period was the coast line roughly at the same location?
What is the cause of the sea level rise in the southern North Sea?
What is the rate of sea level rise in the southern North Sea?
When did the Holocene begin?
When did the formation of the Rhine-Meuse delta begin?
Where did the Rhine occupy at the beginning of the Holocene?
In what country did sea-level rise cause the formation of the Rhine-Meuse delta?
Since when has human impact been seen in the delta?
What did the increase in the sediment load of the Rhine cause?
What has increased in the Rhine as a result of increasing land clearance?
When did embankment and damming of minor distributaries take place?
How many avulsions have occurred over the past 6000 years?
Where do the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to?
Where did the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea?
Where does the river IJssel enter?
What is the IJsselmeer now?
How many branches does the Rhine have?
When did the Rhine first enter the historical period?
The Rhine formed the boundary between Gaul and what other country?
When did the Upper Rhine become a part of the late Hallstatt culture?
Who wrote the Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil?
When did Augustus die?
What was the name of the upper river that was the Germanic frontier of Rome?
What happened to the northern section of the Germanic frontier?
Where did Roman subjects from Alsace-Lorraine drift across the river?
Which part of the Germanic frontier remained the Roman boundary until the empire fell?
How many legions did the Romans have along the Rhine?
What was the assignment of legions between AD 14 and 180?
What was the name of the town of the Ubii?
Along with a state, what was a factor in the number of legions at a base?
What does oppidum Ubiorum mean?
When did the kingdoms of Francia, Burgundy, and Alemannia form?
What did the Germanic tribes establish on the Lower Rhine?
What does Siebengebirge mean?
Who is the hero of the Nibelungenlied?
Who threw Kriemhild's golden treasure into the Rhine?
When was the Rhine within the borders of Francia?
In what century was the Rhine fully within the Holy Roman Empire?
In the 10th century, the Rhine flowed through Swabia, Franconia and what other region?
Who sold Alsace to Burgundy in 1469?
When did Archduke Sigismund of Austria sell Alsace to Burgundy?
Since what event has the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany?
What was a long-term goal of French foreign policy on the Rhine?
Who established the Confederation of the Rhine?
When was the Confederation of the Rhine established?
In what year did the Rhine crisis occur?
When was the Rhineland subject to the Treaty of Versailles?
When did the allies leave the Rhineland?
Who was forbidden to enter the Rhineland after 1935?
What did the Treaty of Versailles help?
When did the German army occupy the Rhineland?
Where was the Rhine bridge located during the battle for Arnhem?
What did the Rhine present to the Western Allies in World War II?
When did Operation Market Garden fail?
What was the name of the bridge that crossed the Rhine at Remagen?
What was the Warsaw Pact's plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War?
What was the generally accepted length of the Rhine until 1932?
What German encyclopedia stated the length of the Rhine as 1,320 kilometres in 1932?
Why did the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon state the length of the Rhine as 1,320 kilometres?
What did Knaurs Lexikon say was the length of the Rhine?
When was the error discovered?
When did the Scottish electorate vote for devolution?
What is the name of the act that convened the current Scottish Parliament?
What does the Scotland Act delineate the legislative competence of the Parliament?
The Scotland Act 1998 explicitly specifies powers that are "reserved" to whom?
The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to whom?
What remained an important element in Scottish national identity?
For how many years was Scotland directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain?
What event led to the shelving of proposals for a devolved Parliament?
When did a sharp rise in nationalism occur in Scotland?
What did Kilbrandon recommend?
In what sea was oil discovered in Scotland?
What was the name of the campaign that led to rising support for Scottish independence?
When did Prime Minister Wilson commit his government to some form of devolved legislature?
What did the SNP argue about the revenues from the oil?
When were the final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed by the UK Parliament?
Where would an elected assembly be set up in Scotland?
What percentage of the Scottish electorate had to vote for an elected assembly in 1979?
What percentage of the vote was in favor of a Scottish Assembly in 1979?
What happened to the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum?
What percentage of the eligible voting population did not vote?
What demand grew in the 1980s and 1990s?
What political party controlled the government of the United Kingdom in the 1980s and 1990s?
When was the Scottish Constitutional Convention held?
What did the Scottish Constitutional Convention publish in 1995?
What is the official home of the Scottish Parliament?
Who designed the Scottish Parliament building?
What nationality was Enric Miralles?
What shape are the buildings in the Scottish Parliament Building?
Who opened the new Scottish Parliament Building on October 9, 2004?
What was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland used for twice?
Where was the Parliament's temporary home?
Where were official photographs and television interviews held?
Where was the Parliament relocated to in May 2002?
Where was the Parliament temporarily relocated to in May 2000?
Who rented the General Assembly Hall to the Parliament?
What was the name of the council that used the former administrative building on George IV Bridge?
What happened to the Lothian Regional Council building after the Parliament moved to Holyrood?
Where were the Midlothian County Buildings located?
Which hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room?
How many MSPs are elected to serve as Presiding Officer?
Who is the current speaker of the Scottish Parliament?
How are the Presiding Officer and deputies elected in the Scottish Parliament?
How many MSPs are there?
Who operates the electronic voting equipment and chamber clocks?
Who is responsible for ensuring that the Parliament functions effectively?
What is the name of the body that allocates time and sets the work agenda in the chamber?
How many seats does each political party have in the Parliament?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad in an official capacity?
What is the seating arrangement in the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament?
What is the purpose of the seating in the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament?
How many seats are in the debating chamber?
How many seats are for the Scottish Law Officers?
What can the Law Officers not do in plenary meetings?
Where is the gold in the mace from?
What is the mace made from?
Who presented the mace to the Scottish Parliament?
What are the words on the mace?
Where is the mace displayed?
In what month of the year does Parliament take two-week recess?
Where do plenary meetings take place?
Who are chamber debates and committee meetings open to?
How much does it cost to enter the debating chamber?
What is the name of the transcript of parliamentary debates?
On what day is Time for Reflection held?
How long does a speaker speak for at Time for Reflection?
Who decides who is invited to address Parliament?
What do the speakers of Time for Reflection represent the balance of?
What can Faith groups do to the Presiding Officer?
Who decides who speaks in chamber debates?
What does the Presiding Officer decide in chamber debates?
What does the Presiding Officer try to achieve a balance between when selecting members to speak?
Who usually speaks in open debates?
What language has the Scottish Parliament conducted debates in?
At what time do MSPs decide on motions and amendments?
What is heralded by the sounding of the division bell?
What do MSPs who are not in the chamber do when the division bell sounds?
How do MSPs vote?
How long does it take for the outcome of each division to be known?
What can be predicted beforehand?
Who instructs members which way to vote?
What are MSPs called that are responsible for ensuring that party members vote according to the party line?
What type of issues are "free votes" typically done on?
What can happen to errant members of a political party?
When is a "Members Debate" held?
Who is the proposer of a Members Business motion?
How long does the Members Debate last?
Along with the proposer of a motion, who contributes to a Members Debate?
What does the relevant minister do in a Members Debate?
Much of the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in what?
Is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament stronger or weaker than other parliamentary systems?
What is one of the reasons the Scottish Parliament's committees are stronger than other parliamentary systems?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
Where can committees meet?
How many MSPs make up the committees?
What does the membership of committees reflect?
What are different committees set out in different ways?
What type of committees are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders?
In what session of the Scottish Parliament are the current Mandatory Committees?
When are Subject Committees established?
How many departments of the Scottish Government do the Subject Committees typically correspond with?
What are the committees in the fourth Session of the Scottish Parliament?
In what session are the current Subject Committees?
What type of committee is normally set up to scrutinize private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter?
What type of private bills do private bills usually relate to?
Along with the Scottish Parliament, who reviews private bills submitted by an outside party or promoter?
What type of committee has been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network?
What governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament?
Who gave royal assent to the Scotland Act 1998?
What did the Scotland Act 2012 extend?
Who continues to constitute the supreme legislature of Scotland?
Who has limited tax-varying capability?
What is the name of the schedule of reserved matters in the Scotland Act?
Who has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland by up to 3 pence in the pound?
What happens to matters that are not specifically reserved?
How much can the Scottish Parliament alter income tax in Scotland?
What act conferred further fiscal devolution?
What type of matters are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament?
What is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to Westminster?
Where does the UK government deal with reserved matters?
Who does the Scottish Parliament usually delegate Ministerial functions to?
What can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways?
Who can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill?
A member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as what?
Who can submit a private bill to the Scottish Parliament?
How long does a bill pass through Parliament?
What is the first stage of a bill called?
Along with the Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum and a Financial Memorandum, what is included in Stage 1 of a bill?
What do Statements from the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill indicate?
Where does Stage 1 usually take place?
If the whole Parliament agrees in a vote to the general principles of the bill, what is the next stage?
What is the final stage of a bill?
How many parts does Stage 3 have?
What stage of a bill is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament?
What type of amendments can be table to cause the bill to fall without a final vote?
What is the name of the stage where members vote on whether they agree to the general principles of the final bill?
Who does the Presiding Officer submit a bill to for royal assent?
What does the Monarch do to a bill after it has been passed?
How long does it take for the Monarch to give royal assent to a bill?
Where can the Law Officers of the Scottish Government or UK Government refer a bill to for a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the
On what date does a bill of the Scottish Parliament begin?
What party forms the Scottish Government?
Who can put their name forward to be First Minister?
Who is the head of the Scottish Government?
Who are most ministers and juniors drawn from?
Who makes the formal appointment or dismissal of Scottish ministers?
On what day are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
In what month and year are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
Who can change the date of the ordinary general election in Scotland?
What happens if Extraordinary general elections are held less than six months before the due date of an ordinary general election?
How many days must the Scottish Parliament nominate one of its members to be First Minister?
How can the Scottish Parliament scrutinize the government?
Who is invited to question the First Minister?
What does the First Minister set out in a statement at the beginning of each parliamentary year?
What do MSPs question the First Minister on?
What is set aside for question periods in the debating chamber?
On what day of the week does General Question Time take place?
Who can ask questions during General Question Time?
What does First Minister's Question Time give members an opportunity to question the First Minister on?
How many general questions are available to opposition leaders?
How many constituency MSPs are there?
When did the number of Scottish MPs reduce?
How many members do voters choose to represent a constituency?
Why do the island archipelagos of Orkney, Shetland, and the Western Isles have a smaller number of electors than
How many electors are in the average Scottish Parliament constituency?
How are the seats allocated to parties?
What method is used to determine the number of seats in Parliament?
What is the number of votes for the party with the highest score called?
What is added to the number of seats the party won in the region?
How is the d'Hondt method repeated?
What qualifications apply to being an MSP?
When was the British Nationality Act passed?
What is the age of an MSP?
What groups are disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament?
What act states that an individual may not sit in the Scottish Parliament if they are judged to be insane?
What was the first time in the Scottish Parliament that a party had a majority?
Who did the SNP take 16 seats from?
How many votes did Iain Gray get in East Lothian?
How many seats did the SNP take from the Liberal Democrats?
What referendum would be held if the SNP had a majority?
Which party lost Edinburgh Pentlands to the SNP?
What seat did the Conservatives lose to the SNP?
How many seats did the Conservatives lose?
Who was the leader of the Conservatives?
Who congratulated the SNP on their victory?
What is a procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament?
What are English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs unable to vote on?
What is the phenomenon of Scottish MPs being able to vote on domestic legislation that applies only to England, Wales and Northern Ireland known as?
Which political party won the 2015 UK election?
What country's laws are Scottish MPs able to vote on?
What is another name for Political Islam?
What does Islamism attempt to implement Islamic values in?
What does Islamism favor?
What are the different Islamist movements described as oscillating between?
What is one end of the Islamic movement's strategy of Islamization?
What type of political process do Hezbollah and Hamas participate in?
Where is Hamas located?
What do Islamist groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine want to do?
What do Islamist groups like al-Qaeda reject?
On what basis do Islamist groups call for attacks?
What is the difference between the Muslim Brotherhood and the Salafis?
What did Olivier Roy argue underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century?
What did the Salafi movement focus on?
What did Olivier Roy describe Islamism as "increasingly interdependent" with after the Arab Spring?
Why do Islamists need democratic elections?
What type of role does Islamism posit for Islam?
What is a controversial concept because it posits a political role for Islam?
Who believes that Islam is apolitical?
What do Hayri Abaza argue the failure to distinguish between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support?
What do progressive moderates want to separate?
What is another name for Islamists?
Who created the conception of political Islam?
What did a writer for the International Crisis Group say about apolitical Islam?
When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?
What type of Islam is apolitical?
What did Western governments see Islamists as?
When did Western and pro-Western governments support Islamist groups?
What did the non-Afghan veterans of the Afghanistan war have?
Who did the US aid?
What were Islamists considered to be a bulwark against?
What did the non-Afghan veterans of the Afghanistan war have?
What Egyptian president released Islamists from prison?
What did Sadat make with Israel?
What did Sadat offer Islamists in exchange for releasing them from prison?
When did the agreement between Sadat and Islamists break down?
What happened to Anwar Sadat?
What type of interpretation of Islam was Wahhabism?
What did Wahhabism say Muslims should do to non-Wahhabi Muslims?
What did Wahhabism believe democracy was responsible for in the 20th century?
What did Wahhabism say Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims were?
What country funded Wahhabism?
What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?
What type of government does the Muslim Brotherhood compare to?
What type of assistance does the Muslim Brotherhood provide to students from out of town?
What type of commitment to social justice is limited to by governments?
What is the purpose of mass marriage ceremonies?
What did Iqbal study in England and Germany?
What did Iqbal belong to?
Who was Iqbal a critic of?
When did Iqbal return to Lahore?
What was the name of Iqbal's 1934 book?
What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam?
What did Iqbal fear would happen to Muslim heritage, culture and political influence in India?
What did Iqbal call for the shedding of?
In what year was Sir Muhammad Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League?
What movement was inspired by Iqbal's Allahabad Address?
Who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party?
What profession did Maududi choose?
When was the Jamaat-e-Islami party founded?
How did Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
How did Maududi place Islam?
Who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party?
What profession did Maududi choose?
How did Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
What did Maududi's books place Islam in?
What did Maududi believe could not be Islamic without?
What did Maududi believe Islam required to be true?
What does tawhid mean?
How did Maududi describe the Islamic revolution?
What did Maududi use to change minds?
When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?
What did the Muslim Brotherhood say was their constitution?
What type of influence did Al Banna want to eliminate from the Muslim world?
What did some elements of the Brotherhood engage in against the government?
In what year was Al-Banna assassinated?
Who was assassinated three months before Al-Banna?
In what year was the Brotherhood banned in Egypt?
Who was the president of Egypt in 1948?
What has the Muslim Brotherhood become in the Islamic world?
How many seats did the Muslim Brotherhood win in the 2011-2012 Egyptian parliamentary election?
What was the Muslim Brotherhood described as for many years?
What was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do?
Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt?
How did Israeli troops defeat the Arab troops in the Six-Day War?
What was the Six-Day War considered in the Arab Muslim world?
What type of stagnation was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes?
What happened to the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics?
What movements were inspired by Maududi and Sayyid Qutb?
What type of father was Mohammad Iqbal?
Who was the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?
Where did Khomeini's beliefs fall in relation to those of Mawdudi and Qutb?
Who did Khomeini believe was essential to Islam?
What did Khomeini believe the acts of Western governments were part of?
What religion is Iran?
What type of groups has Iran created or assisted in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq?
What type of sanctions does the US have against Iran?
When did the Iranian government enjoy a resurgence in popularity?
Who said that Israel shall vanish?
Who deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan in 1979?
What was the Soviet Union trying to suppress in 1979?
What did the Afghan Civil War inspire Muslims around the world to do?
What was the military effectiveness of the Afghan Arabs?
How many Muslim volunteers came to fight in Afghanistan?
What did the Gulf War do?
Who was the enemy of Saudi Arabia in the Gulf War?
What movement did the Gulf War work to radicalize?
What country was Saddam Hussein's enemy?
Who did Islamists accuse the Saudi regime of being a puppet of?
Who did the 9/11 attacks resonate with?
Who did Saudi Arabia repress?
Where did American troops remain after Saddam's defeat?
In what country did a civil war take place after 9/11?
Who was responsible for the 9/11 attack?
Who's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution?
When was Qutb executed?
What group was led by Hasan al-Hudaybi?
What type of movements were inspired by Qutb's final writings?
When did the Muslim Brotherhood renounce violence?
What group assassinated Anwar Sadat?
When was Anwar Sadat assassinated?
What did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad group call leaders of Muslim states?
What did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad do?
Who wrote the pamphlet written by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad?
What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya employ in their struggle for Islamic order?
What Egyptian group used violence in their struggle for Islamic order?
When did Jamaa Islamiya renounce violence?
What was the result of al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya's attempt to overthrow the Egyptian government?
Who have the Islamic Liberation Party, Salvation from Hell and Takfir wal-Hijra attempted assassinations of?
What was the Muslim Brotherhood's stance towards Israel prior to the First Palestine Intifada?
What group did the Muslim Brotherhood form as the First Intifada gained momentum?
What did the 1988 Hamas charter call for?
What did the Muslim Brotherhood disapprove of?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood based?
Who drove the PLO out of Gaza?
How many people did Hamas kill from 2000 to 2007?
What did Hamas win in the 2006 legislative election?
When did Hamas drive the PLO out of Gaza?
What has Hamas been praised by Muslims for?
What type of regime did Hassan al-Turabi have?
Who was the leader of the Islamist regime in Sudan?
What group did General Gaafar al-Nimeiry lead?
How did Hassan al-Turabi build a powerful economic base?
Where did Hassan al-Turabi place his loyalists?
When was al-Nimeiry overthrown?
How did the NIF overthrow the elected government in 1989?
What law did Turabi apply?
Who did the NIF harbor for a time?
What did the NIF work to unify against?
What did women do in response to the FIS?
When was the FIS founded?
Where was the FIS based?
What is another name for the Islamic Salvation Front?
What caused the cancellation of the 1991 national elections?
What did the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union not lead to in Afghanistan?
How was the civil war between political and tribal warlords in Afghanistan?
When did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse?
What did the civil war between political and tribal warlords make Afghanistan?
How much of Afghanistan did the Taliban take over?
What group was spawned by the Deobandi movement?
What country supported the Deobandi movement?
What is another term for Islamic fundamentalist?
What was the name of the ideology of the Taliban?
Who was a guest of the Taliban?
When did General Zia-ul-Haq overthrow Ali Bhutto's regime?
What did Ali Bhutto ban?
What was Zia-ul-Haq's official state ideology?
What did Zia-ul-Haq use Islamization to legitimize?
In what year did Zia-ul-Haq die?
What type of group is the Islamic State?
Who is the Islamic State mostly composed of?
How many people lived in Iraq and Syria as of March 2015?
What does the Islamic State lack?
What did the Islamic State declare itself in 2014?
When did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?
In what year did Western forces invade Iraq?
Why was the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad expelled from al-Qaeda?
When did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad join the Syrian Civil War?
What has the United Nations designated ISIL as?
How does HT view Muslim history?
When does HT believe Islam's pivotal turning point occurred?
When was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished?
What type of system did the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate end?
What does HT believe the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate did?
What type of jihad does HT not engage in?
How does HT try to take power?
Who does HT want to change Muslim public opinion?
In what country did HT attempt a coup in 1974?
Many HT members have gone on to join what?
How many Muslims live in Greater London?
What type of outlook do some of the Muslims in Greater London have?
In what year was the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque aired?
What is the term given to London's Muslim population?
What was Abu Hamza al-Masri charged with?
How long has the U.S. government been trying to counter Islamism?
What department is responsible for public diplomacy programmes in the U.S.?
Who was an official in the George W. Bush administration?
Who was Robert Gates?
What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with doing during the Cold War?
What language did the word "imperium" come from?
Along with colonization and other means, what is one way that imperialism is used?
Along with the West, what other country has been referred to as imperialism?
What has imperialism allowed for the rapid spread of?
Along with military force, what is another term for imperialism?
What is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule"?
What is another term for imperialism that is based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes?
What type of imperialism is informal imperialism?
What is the term for the type of rule that does not involve physical control or full-fledged colonial rule?
What type of rule is less costly than taking over territories formally?
What was the general purpose of imperialism?
What is one way that informal rule can expand the controlled area?
What type of rule is less costly?
What is the most important thing about the amount of land a nation has conquered and expanded?
What caused the world to be divided by how developed and developing nation are portrayed?
Which Russian leader suggested that imperialism was the highest form of capitalism?
What are some states today viewed as due to their political and economic authority over other nations?
What type of empires do most books on the subject confine themselves to?
What is another term for imperialism?
What does colonialism lack?
Along with financial reasons, for what reason is imperialism developed?
Along with the Russian, what land empire is generally excluded from discussions of colonialism?
What have imperialism and colonialism been used to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon?
What do scholars sometimes find it difficult to illustrate the difference between?
What does colonialism mean?
How does imperialism create an empire?
What is the core meaning of Colonialism?
What did the conquered indigenous populations inherit from the conquering peoples?
What is a controversial aspect of imperialism?
What did Friedrich Ratzel believe was needed in order for a state to survive?
What did Hobson believe was the reason for imperialism?
What did Mackinder use to justify imperialism?
What is still prized today in Latin America?
Where was Friedrich Ratzel from?
What country did Halford Mackinder belong to?
What type of geographers supported imperialism?
The Royal Geographical Society of London and what other societies had great influence?
What did the Royal Geographical Society of London do to travelers who came back with tales of their discoveries?
What theory suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance?
What zone did Ellen Churchill Semple believe humans were only able to become fully human in?
What theory did Edward Said write about the west's construction of the east?
What did environmental determinism suggest that tropical environments created?
According to Siad, orientalism allowed Europe to establish itself as what?
What concept did British imperialism often use?
When did the British rule Australia?
The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of what?
What type of people lived in Australia in the eighteenth century?
What does Terra nullius mean?
What does Orientalism refer to how the West developed?
What did early European studies of the Orient position the East as?
What did the West consider the East to be?
What does Edward Said call the West's imaginative geography of the East?
What type of West was the West?
What did Bassett focus on during the "scramble for Africa"?
What did imperial and colonial powers use information to fill in?
What does Bassett believe blank space was used to denote?
What did Bassett focus on during his analysis of the "scramble for Africa"?
Along with the British, what country did Bassett say maps helped to extend their power into West Africa?
When did the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire exist?
Who was the leader of the Mongol Empire?
How many Historically recognized Muslim empires are there in Sub-Saharan Africa?
What is one of the oldest empires in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Where did the Ethiopian Empire, Oyo Empire, Asante Union, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire, and Mutapa Empire come
What is it called when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
What is the term for a country's influence that changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another country?
What American soap opera changed the expectations of Romanians during the Cold War?
What culture did the soap opera Dallas change the expectations of?
What do authoritarian regimes do to fight foreign popular culture?
When did the Age of Imperialism begin?
What did industrializing nations engage in the process of doing during the Age of Imperialism?
How many years have imperialist practices existed?
When did the Age of Imperialism end?
What was the name of the policy in China that was part of the Age of Imperialism?
When was John Gallagher born?
When did Ronald Robinson die?
What is John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson's profession?
What grew significantly and became more interconnected in the decades before World War I?
Who was rich and prosperous in the decades before World War I?
What was the focus of Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism?
When was the colonization of India?
Where did Europe collect resources?
The British exploited the political weakness of what state in India?
Along with advancements in military technology, what other technology did Europe continue to advance in?
What did European chemists make that could be used in combat?
What had become an effective battlefield weapon by the 1880s?
What were armies in less developed countries still fighting with?
Who made deadly explosives that could be used in combat?
In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on what experience?
When was the term "Imperialism" first introduced into English?
What did Joseph Chamberlain believe imperialism was a policy of?
Why did Lenin believe imperialism was a natural extension of capitalism?
Along with capitalism and imperialism, what group has been debated by historians and political theorists?
When did the rise of the military-political complex in the United States begin?
When were these non-Marxist writers at their most prolific?
What did Hobson believe imperialism was?
What did Hobson believe could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order?
What concept served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples?
What did environmental determinism believe a person's behaviours were determined by?
What were people living in tropical environments seen as?
What was the last wave of European colonialism?
What are the two forms of environmental determinism?
Who believed that the world could be split into climatic zones?
Which two climates were believed to produce a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being?
What were the people of tropical climates believed to need from the European empire?
What is a view of a people based on their geographical location?
Who believed that the world could be split into climatic zones?
When did the British begin to have imperialist ambitions?
When was the British East India Company established?
Who chartered the British East India Company in 1599?
What did political activity in 1767 cause in the East India Company?
Who had already set up trading posts in India before the British?
When did France take control of Algeria?
When did France begin to rebuild its worldwide empire?
What religion did Germany spread to France?
In what continent did France concentrate after 1850?
When did Republicans become supportive of the French empire?
What did Jules Ferry say France had a duty to do?
What was always on the distant horizon?
How many settlers did France send to its colonies?
What did France bring to the world?
What was the only French colony where French settlers remained a small minority?
What did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French use as bases to liberate France?
What began to challenge the Empire after 1945?
What war did France fight and lose in the 1950s?
Where did the Free French win the war in Vietnam?
When did most of France's colonies gain independence?
Where were the Germanic tribes originally from?
By 1000 CE, the Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe was complete, excluding which country?
When did the Germanic tribes expand throughout northern and western Europe?
When did the Holy Roman Empire form?
What part of Europe did "Germany" remain a conceptual term referring to?
When did Germany begin to participate in Western imperialism?
When did Otto von Bismarck become Chancellor?
When did Prussia unite the other states into the second German Empire?
Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
What did Otto von Bismarck believe the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from?
Along with Africa, where did Germany build a colonial empire in 1883-84?
Why did public opinion start to demand colonies for Germany?
When did the German colonial empire begin?
What was the first German colony?
Who influenced Bismarck?
What did Japan take from Russia as a result of the Russo-Japanese War?
When was the First Sino-Japanese War?
What country did Japan invade after World War II?
What did Japan conquer from China in 1931?
What country did the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China support?
When did the policy of "Indigenization" stop being implemented?
Who asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory?
Where did the Soviet Union install socialist regimes after World War II?
Who reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as the Tsarist empire by 1921?
What did Trotsky believe the revolution could only succeed in Russia?
Who said that imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism?
Who argued that the Soviet Union had become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade?
Who was the new political leader of the Soviet Union in the late 1950s?
What did Joseph Stalin establish for the Soviet Union?
What was the First British Empire based on?
When did Britain lose the American colonies?
What did Britain adopt in the 1840s that gave it dominance in the trade of much of the world?
When did the Spanish and Portuguese independence occur?
When did Britain defeat Napoleonic France?
What was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen in terms of landmass and population?
What type of science was Social Darwinism?
What was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury?
Along with Asia, where did the British add to their empire in the late 19th century?
What was the name of the US policy that opposed imperialism?
What was Theodore Roosevelt's policy in Central America?
What happened to the Philippines one year after the Anti-Imperialist League was formed?
What country did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose the US annexation of?
What did Smedley Butler call American foreign policy?
Who was a key figure in the plans for the American Empire?
In what year was Isiah Bowman appointed to President Wilson's inquiry?
Who was involved in President Wilson's inquiry?
What was the point of the inquiry?
What did Isiah Bowman become known as?
What have some described as a form of imperialism or colonialism?
What is the internal form of empire that the United States took on prior to attempting to external imperialism called?
How many Africans did the United States slave trade?
What did Edward Said say the United States was using aggressive means of attack towards?
When did the Ottoman Empire end?
Who was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries?
How many provinces did the Ottoman Empire have at the beginning of the 17th century?
What continent did the Ottoman Empire control during the 16th and 17th centuries?
When was the Ottoman Empire at its height?
What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire?
Who did the Ottoman empire ally with in the early 20th century?
What war led to the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire?
What state was formed in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland?
What is the name of the mainline Protestant Methodist denomination?
What is the United Methodist Church?
When was the United Methodist Church founded?
What was the United Methodist Church founded by?
What is the theological orientation of the UMC?
What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement?
How many members are in the United Methodist Church?
What does the UMC rank as in the United States?
What percentage of the US population self-identify with the United Methodist Church?
When did the United Methodist Church begin?
Where did the United Methodist Church begin?
What did other students mock the Methodists for?
When did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel?
Where did John and Charles Wesley go to teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Who did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel to?
What did John and Charles Wesley's teaching focus on?
What event separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the Anglican Church?
In what year was the Methodist Episcopal Church established?
Who did John Wesley appoint as superintendent of the Methodist Society?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
When was St. George's United Methodist Church founded?
Where was the first meeting of St. George's United Methodist Church held?
When was the Methodist Episcopal Church founded?
Who were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
Who licensed Richard Allen and Absalom Jones in 1784?
When were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
When did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
Why did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
In what year did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split?
Why did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
When was the United Methodist Church created?
Where did the Evangelical United Brethren Church and The Methodist Church join hands?
Who represented the Methodist Church at the General Conference?
The United Methodist Church understands itself to be part of what type of church?
What book recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed?
What does the concept of the "visible and invisible Church" mean?
Why did John Wesley break with standard practice and ordain two lay preachers as presbyters?
Who assisted Wesley in his decision to ordain two lay preachers as presbyters?
Who did John Wesley ordain as presbyters in 1784?
When was the United Methodist Church formed?
Who were the founders of the United Methodist Church?
Who was the first United Methodist theologian?
Who was the first United Methodist theologian?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is Prevenient grace?
What is the grace that "goes before" us called?
What is the name of the grace offered by God to all people?
In what type of grace are we received by God, in spite of our sin?
What is another name for justifying grace?
What is another name for justifying grace?
What did John Wesley call the experience of accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is the name of the grace of God that sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection?
What is Christian Perfection?
What did Wesley believe was possible for all Christians?
What type of theology stands at a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental?
What does the United Methodist Church believe in?
What denomination is considered one of the more moderate and tolerant denominations?
What is the name of the book that describes United Methodist theology as "catholic, evangelical, and reformed"?
When did the General Conference of the United Methodist Church support the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
What is the United Methodist Church's position on abortion?
What group was the United Methodist Church a founding member of?
What two official bodies of the United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
Who does the United Methodist Church emphasize the need to be in supportive ministry with?
Who does the United Methodist church believe is equally bound to respect the sacredness of the life of?
What is the name of the group of members of the United Methodist Church who identify with the pro-life position?
In what year did the United Methodist Church attempt to withdraw from the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
Who was the president of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality?
What movement has the Methodist Church supported?
When did the United Methodist Church's General Board of Church and Society call on all United Methodists to abstain from alcohol for Lent?
What was the name of John Wesley's famous sermon?
What does the United Methodist Church use in the sacrament of Holy Communion?
What does the United Methodist Church condemn?
When did Jesus abolish the death penalty?
When does the United Methodist Church believe Jesus repudiated the lex talionis?
What part of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment?
What does the United Methodist Church prohibit the celebration of?
When was Rev. Jimmy Creech defrocked?
In what year did a United Methodist bishop perform a same-sex marriage in church?
What is the name of the governing committee of the UMC that has voted in favor of a proposal that would permit ministers to officiate
What community has the UMC recently called for broader acceptance of?
What have many conferences voted in favor of?
When was Rose Mary Denman defrocked?
In what year were Irene Elizabeth Stroud's clergy credentials removed?
Which UMC conference has approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose?
What is not always righteous before God, according to the United Methodist Church?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose?
What does the United Methodist Church believe war is incompatible with?
What does the United Methodist Church reject war as?
What does the United Methodist Church endorses?
Who states that pornography is harmful and is generally addictive?
What does the United Methodist Church say pornography is about?
Who does the Sexual Ethics Task Force of the United Methodist Church believe is harmed by pornography?
What type of research does the UMC support?
What does the UMC support research on retrieved from umbilical cords?
What does the UMC support federal funding for?
What was the name of John Wesley's revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
When did John Wesley provide a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
What did John Wesley provide a revised version of?
In what country is exorcism an occasional practice in the United Methodist Church?
What is the name of the Anglican tradition that many of the United Methodist liturgies are derived from?
Along with the laying on of hands, what does exorcism in the United Methodist Church involve?
What may be named after a biblical figure?
Who was the founder of the Salvation Army?
Who was the founder of Methodism?
What is the name of the church that is organized into conferences?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
What is the name of the book that records legislative changes in the United Methodist Church?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
How often does the General Conference meet?
How many jurisdictions are in the United States?
How many central conferences are there?
What is the main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences?
Who are the chief administrators of the church?
What do bishops serve?
Who makes decisions in-between the four-year meetings?
Who are the members of the Mission Council?
How many acres did the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction approve a 99-year lease of for the George W. Bush Presidential Library
Why did the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction approve a 99-year lease of 36 acres at Southern Methodist University?
Where was the George W. Bush Presidential Library located?
How many members does the Judicial Council have?
What is the highest court in the denomination?
How long is the term of a member of the Judicial Council?
How often does the Judicial Council meet?
Where does the Judicial Council meet?
What is the basic unit of organization within the UMC?
What is the term Annual Conference often used to refer to?
Where are clergy members of the United Methodist Church?
What is the name of the book that describes the organizational structure of local United Methodist churches?
How many members are required to be on the board of trustees of a United Methodist church?
How many members are required to be on the board of trustees of a United Methodist church?
What is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church?
What is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church?
How many colleges and universities is the United Methodist Church affiliated with in the United States?
How many schools does the United Methodist Church operate overseas?
What organization do most of the United Methodist Church's colleges and universities belong to?
Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?
What do elders in the United Methodist Church serve as in local congregations?
Who are elders in full connection with the United Methodist Church a member of?
What group are elders and deacons in full connection in the United Methodist Church a part of?
Who advises the bishop on clergy appointments?
How often is an appointment made?
When are no appointments officially fixed?
Who is given the authority to preach the Word of God?
Where can Elders be appointed to?
How long do provisional Elders serve?
What is another name for Elders?
How long do deacons serve as provisional deacons?
Who is ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church?
Who is ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church?
What can a deacon do if they are appointed as the pastor of a local church?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
Who serves a two-three year term in a full-time appointment after being commissioned?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is the official title of a local pastor?
What is the official title of a local pastor?
How many years of study are local pastors required to take?
What does a local pastor have the option to continue towards when they complete their bachelor's degree?
What are those who have been baptized as an infant or child but have not subsequently professed their own faith?
How do Baptized Members become Professing Members?
How can an individual become a Professing Member of the United Methodist Church?
What is a sacrament in the UMC?
What classes do students attend to learn about the Methodist-Christian theological tradition?
What document directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes to all people?
What do students learn in confirmation and membership preparation classes?
What is another position in the United Methodist Church that is not considered clergy?
What must a local church lay servant do to be recognized?
How often must a lay servant reapply to be a certified lay servant?
How many advanced courses do certified lay servants have to complete?
What is one tradition within the Christian Church?
What did the United Methodist Church vote to seek in the National Association of Evangelicals?
What do some members of the United Methodist Church feel that false ecumenism might result in?
When was the Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed?
When did the United Methodist Church enter into full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
When did the United Methodist Church begin exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American denominations?
How many members did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many congregations did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many members were in the United Methodist Church in 2005?
How many congregations did the UMC have in 2005?
What state has the largest number of members in the United Methodist Church?
What was the total UMC membership at the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
How many members were estimated to be in the U.S. in 2008?
How many of the UMC's overseas members were estimated to be in 2008?
What group is the UMC a member of?
What group does the UMC belong to?
When did the World Methodist Council vote to adopt the "Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification"?
When was the French and Indian War?
Who was the French and Indian War fought between?
What was the population of the French North American colonies at the start of the war?
How many people lived in the British North American colonies at the start of the war?
Where was the war fought?
What did the war begin with?
When did the dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers begin?
In what year did the British capture Fort Beauséjour?
What happened to General Edward Braddock?
Why did British operations in Pennsylvania and New York fail?
What was the name of the fort that the British captured on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia?
What did the British do after capturing Fort Beauséjour?
Who came to power after the British government fell?
Why was France unwilling to help the British in the colonies?
Where did France concentrate its forces?
Where did the British lose to the French?
What territory did France ceded to Britain?
What did France give to Spain?
What was the result of France's loss of the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon?
When was the first King George's War?
What does the traditional name of the French and Indian War omit?
What was the Seven Years' War?
What are two other less common names for the French and Indian War?
What are the official dates of the Seven Years' War in Europe?
How long was the Seven Years' War?
When was Montreal captured?
What was the first battle of the Seven Years' War in North America?
What was the population of the French in the St. Lawrence River valley?
Where was the French population concentrated?
What did French fur traders and trappers travel throughout?
How much did the British settlers outnumbered the French?
Where did the British settlers live?
Where were the population centers of the British colonies?
Who dominated large areas between the French and the British?
Which two tribes were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War?
What areas did the Iroquois Confederation control?
What were the tribes formally under?
Which three tribes dominated the Southeast interior?
Where did the French recruit fighters?
Who supported the British in the Anglo-Cherokee War?
How many French troops were in North America at the start of the war?
How many British troops were in North America at the start of the war?
What did the British colonies do with their local militia?
How many miles did the expedition cover?
How many people were in Céloron's expedition?
What did Céloron do to British merchants or fur-traders when he encountered them?
What did the Native Americans do when Céloron's expedition arrived at Logstown?
What was the name of the village where "Old Briton" lived?
What did Céloron do to Old Briton?
What did "Old Briton" do after Céloron threatened him with severe consequences?
What did Céloron say about the Natives?
What did each side of the conflict in the Ohio Country want?
What did William Shirley say about the British colonists?
In what year did the British government give land to the Ohio Company of Virginia?
Who was given land in 1749 by the British government?
Who explored the Ohio territory and opened negotiations with the Indian tribes?
What was the name of the treaty completed by Christopher Gist in 1752?
Where did the Iroquois agree to build a "strong house"?
What is the North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession known as?
When did the War of the Austrian Succession end?
What was turned over to a commission to resolve in North America?
What areas of North America were claimed by both sides of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle?
Who was the Governor-General of New France in 1752?
How many men did Langlade have?
What was the purpose of the attack on Pickawillany?
How many people were killed in the attack on Pickawillany?
Who was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians?
What was the name of the first fort that Marin constructed?
What was the name of the second fort built by Marin?
What was Paul Marin de la Malgue ordered to do?
Who was the chief of the Mingo?
Who was William Johnson?
What was William Johnson's Iroquois nickname?
What was William Johnson made in 1746?
Who insisted that the British abide by their obligations and block French expansion?
What company was Dinwiddie an investor in?
Who did Dinwiddie order to warn the French to leave Virginia territory?
Who did George Washington pick up along the way?
On what date did George Washington reach Fort Le Boeuf?
Who succeeded Marin?
What letter did Washington present Saint-Pierre with?
What did Saint-Pierre say about the letter from Dinwiddie?
What did Saint-Pierre say about France's claim to the Ohio Country?
When did Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecœur relieve Saint-Pierre?
When did William Trent begin construction of a small stockaded fort?
What was the name of the small stockaded fort built by William Trent?
What was the name of the battle that took place on May 28?
What happened to the Canadians in the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
What was the purpose of Tanaghrisson's actions?
What did the Duke of Newcastle want to do with the army expedition?
How did the British military know about the plans for the invasion of North America?
What did King Louis XV do in response to the news of the two battles?
What did the British intend to do with their fleet?
What was the name of the congress that was convened in June and July of 1754?
What was the goal of the Albany Congress?
What was the result of the Albany Congress?
What did the Albany Congress do?
Who led the expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
What was the result of the expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
How many British soldiers were killed or injured?
Who played a key role in the retreat to Virginia?
Who did the French acquire a copy of the British war plans from?
Why did Shirley fail to fortify Oswego?
What did Shirley know that the French were planning when he was away?
What did Shirley leave at Oswego, Fort Bull, and Fort Williams?
Who noticed that Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's?
What did Vaudreuil do when Johnson was seen as the larger threat?
How did the Battle of Lake George end?
Where did Johnson's advance stop?
Where did the French withdraw to after the Battle of Lake George?
Who captured Fort Beauséjour in 1755?
What did Nova Scotia's Governor Charles Lawrence order to cut vital supplies to Louisbourg?
What were the only clashes of any size with the Acadians?
Who assumed command of British forces in North America after Braddock's death?
In what city did William Shirley hold a meeting in 1755?
What did Shirley plan to do in 1756?
How did Shirley plan to attack Quebec?
Who was Lord Loudoun's second in command?
Who led the French regular army reinforcements that arrived in New France?
When did England declare war on France?
Where did Shirley build forts?
In what battle did the French destroy the Oneida Carry forts?
How much gunpowder did the French destroy in the Battle of Fort Bull?
What did the Battle of Fort Bull set back the British?
Who refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them?
Where did Montcalm move his headquarters?
What garrison did Vaudreuil harass?
What did Montcalm and the Indians disagree about?
What was Loudoun's first major operation for 1757?
Why did Loudoun leave a large force at Fort William Henry?
Who ordered Loudoun to attack Louisbourg?
When did Loudoun return to New York?
Who harassed Fort William Henry?
On what lake did the French raid Fort William Henry?
What did some of Montcalm's Indian allies do when the British withdrew?
Why were Vaudreuil and Montcalm only minimally resupplied in 1758?
What worsened the situation in New France in 1757?
Where did Montcalm focus his resources?
Why did Newcastle fall from power?
Who developed the plan for the 1758 campaign?
What was Pitt's plan for the 1758 campaign?
What were the results of the three major attacks on New France?
How many French men were in the Battle of Carillon?
How many troops did the French have in the Battle of Carillon?
What did Abercrombie do to save something from the disaster?
What happened to Abercrombie?
What did the duc de Choiseul focus on?
What was the result of the French invasion of Britain?
Where did the French Navy fail in 1759?
Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?
What did the victory at Fort Niagara do?
What was the name of the battle in 1760 in Quebec City?
In what battle did the British prevent the arrival of French relief ships?
Who negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst?
What did Amherst give to French residents?
Who did Governor Vaudreuil negotiate a capitulation with?
When did the war in North America end?
When was the European theatre of the Seven Years' War settled?
What did the British offer France?
Why did the British want the Caribbean islands?
How many people lived in French Canada and Acadia?
When did the deportation of Acadians begin?
Where did the British resettle many Acadians?
Where did some Acadians flee to after the Haitian Revolution?
Who issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 do?
Where did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 include a reservation of lands?
Where did most of the Spanish Catholic population of Florida go?
Why was the Ohio Country particularly vulnerable to legal and illegal settlement?
When was the Spanish takeover of Louisiana completed?
Which two tribes did the British exploit to gain control of Florida?
What did the elimination of French power in North America mean for native populations?
Aristotle and Archimedes retained fundamental errors in understanding what?
What was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion even at a constant velocity?
Who formulated laws of motion that were not improved on for nearly three hundred years?
How long did it take for Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion to be improved on?
Who developed the theory of relativity?
What is the name of the model that describes forces between particles smaller than atoms?
What are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed?
What is the strongest of the four main interactions in the Standard Model?
What is one of the four main interactions in the Standard Model?
The weak and electromagnetic forces are expressions of what type of interaction?
Who believed that motionless objects on Earth would stay in their natural place if left alone?
Aristotle provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of what?
How many elements did Aristotle believe to be in the terrestrial sphere?
Where did Aristotle believe motionless objects on Earth to be in their natural place?
What type of motion required continued application of a force?
When did Galileo Galilei disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion?
Who showed that the bodies were accelerated by gravity to an extent that was independent of their mass?
What did Galileo Galilei believe that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of?
Who showed that the bodies were accelerated by gravity to an extent that was independent of their mass?
What force did Galileo Galilei believe would be needed to cause an object to retain its velocity?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia?
What did Galileo believe constant velocity was associated with?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia?
What law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
What are the laws of physics in every inertial frame of reference?
What do not change from being at rest?
What type of path does a ball follow when it is thrown?
What do the laws of physics not change from while traveling in a moving vehicle at a constant velocity?
What applies equally well to constant velocity motion as it does to rest?
What is the rotational inertia of planet Earth?
What fixes the constancy of the length of a day and a year?
Who explained that reference frames subject to constant acceleration were physically equivalent to inertial reference frames?
What do astronauts experience when in free-fall orbit around the Earth?
What was one of the foundational underpinnings for the development of the general theory of relativity?
What law asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force?
What type of measurements can be used to define acceleration?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
The relative units of force and mass then are what?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces are attributed to the presence of different objects?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces are attributed to the presence of different objects?
What type of force does Newton's Third Law mean there is no such thing as?
What are F and −F equal in?
What part of a closed system will not accelerate if an external force acts on it?
In what type of system are there no internal forces that are unbalanced?
What will not cause the center of a closed system to accelerate?
What type of understanding is provided by seeing forces as pushes or pulls?
What is the operational definition of forces compared to?
What is the conceptual definition of force offered by?
How is it determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics?
What are forces classified as?
What are physical quantities that do not have direction called?
What avoids the problem of not knowing the direction of forces?
What is the situation when two forces act on the same object?
What avoids the problem of not knowing the direction of forces?
In what conditions were forces first quantitatively investigated?
What do forces have?
What is another name for the resultant?
What must be specified when forces are acting on an extended body?
What is the rule of vector addition?
What can forces be resolved into?
How many forces can a horizontal force pointing northeast be split into?
What does summing forces using vector addition yield?
What type of components are independent of each other?
What type of orthogonal force vectors can be?
What is the force between the object and the table surface called?
What is the force between the object and the table surface called?
What type of force is opposed by static friction?
What is opposed by static friction?
A static equilibrium between two what is the most usual way of measuring?
What is the force applied to an object on a vertical spring scale called?
What force is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
What force is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
Who wrote the Three Laws of Motion?
Who first describedDynamic equilibrium?
 Galileo concluded that motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to what?
Who first describedDynamic equilibrium?
Where would a cannonball fall in an Aristotelian universe?
Where would a cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
What occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction?
What opposes the applied force?
A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with what?
Who misinterpreted the motion as being caused by the applied force?
Who described physics in quantum mechanics instead of Newtonian equations?
The Schrödinger equation replaces what equations in quantum mechanics?
What are potentials treated similar to in quantum mechanics?
What is it called when the results of a measurement appear in discrete portions?
What is difficult to imagine in the context of quantum mechanics?
What is the discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable that particles acting onto each other have?
What principle relates the space and the spin variables?
What is the discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable that particles acting onto each other have?
What type of spins must the position variables be symmetric?
What type of spins must be antisymmetric?
In modern particle physics, forces and the acceleration of particles are explained as what?
The conservation of momentum can be directly derived from the homogeneity or symmetry of space and so is usually considered more fundamental than the concept of
What is usually considered more fundamental than the concept of a force?
What diagrams are used to describe fundamental interactions?
In a Feynman diagram, each matter particle is represented as what type of line?
All of the forces in the universe are based on how many fundamental interactions?
What are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances?
What force acts between electric charges?
The gravitational force acts between what?
What does not permit atoms to pass through each other?
Who created the universal theory of gravitation?
In what century did the development of quantum mechanics lead to the understanding that the first three fundamental forces are manifestations of matter?
The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of what?
What type of model are physicists still trying to develop?
Who identified gravity as a universal force?
Who was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects?
What is the magnitude of the acceleration of gravity towards the surface of the Earth?
From where is the magnitude of gravity measured?
What is directly proportional to the mass of an object on the Earth's surface?
When did Newton realize that the effects of gravity might be observed in different ways?
What object did Newton determine could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration decreased as an inverse square law?
What did Newton realize that the acceleration due to gravity is proportional to?
Along with the mass of the attracting body, what did Newton add to the gravitational acceleration formula?
What is the dimensional constant used to describe the relative strength of gravity known as?
Who was the first to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
When was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
Who realized that the law of gravity had to be universal?
What planet's orbit did Albert Einstein turn to to explain the discrepancies in Newton's Law of Gravitation?
What did astrophysicists predict would explain the discrepancies in Mercury's orbit?
What did Albert Einstein come up with to explain Mercury's orbit?
Who created the theory of general relativity?
Who created the theory of general relativity?
What theory has been acknowledged as the theory that best explains gravity?
What is the name for the straight line path in space-time that is seen as a curved line in space?
What is the time derivative of the changing momentum of the object called?
In what sense can the curvature of space-time be observed?
What is the definition of the time rate of change of electric charge?
The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of what force that acts on a charge?
What is the rule of vector multiplication called?
What is the sum of the electric field and the magnetic force?
Who unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?
When was the origin of electric and magnetic fields fully explained?
How many scalar equations did James Clerk Maxwell unite?
How many vector equations did Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs reformulate into?
Who discovered that electric and magnetic fields could be "self-generating"?
What theory of electromagnetism was not able to reconcile two observations?
What was used to create a new theory of electromagnetism?
What did the final modification to electromagnetic theory lead to?
What is the fundamental exchange particle in QED?
What did the final modification to electromagnetic theory lead to?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What is the reason for the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
What does it take to pack electrons together?
How is this effect manifested macroscopically?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What is the reason for the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
What does it take to pack electrons together?
How is this effect manifested macroscopically?
What does the strong force only act directly upon?
What is observed between hadrons?
What force is the residual of the strong force observed between hadrons?
How is the strong force transmitted between hadrons?
What is it called when the elementary particles affected by the strong force are not directly observable?
What is stronger than gravity over short distances?
What is the most familiar effect of the weak force?
What is the associated effect of beta decay?
What is the field strength of the weak force?
At what temperature are electromagnetic forces and the weak force indistinguishable?
What is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors?
What is the term for the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects?
Why does Pauli repulsion occur?
What force is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors?
What can be used to model tension forces?
What can be combined with ideal strings to allow them to switch physical direction?
How do ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously?
What does tandem effects result in?
What can be used to multiply the tension force on a load?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect what?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than what?
In real life, what type of structure does matter have?
In real life, forces that act on one part of an object might affect what other parts of the object?
What type of structure does matter have in real life?
What accounts for forces that cause all strains?
What does the formalism include?
What does the formalism include?
What includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What is angle?
What is the rotational inertia that ensures all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by?
What can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of a rigid body?
Where is the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object always directed?
The unbalanced force that accelerates an object can be resolved into a component that is perpendicular to the path, and one that is tangential to
What type of force is always directed toward the center of the curving path?
What direction does the centripetal force change?
What force accelerates an object by slowing it down or speeding it up?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system has an associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between potential forms and what other form?
The direction and amount of a flow of water can be considered an artifact of what field?
What is conserved when a conservative force acts on a closed system?
What is the force related directly to between two different locations?
The direction and amount of a flow of water can be considered to be what?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model what as being due to gradient of potentials?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to what?
What is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms?
What type of forces other than friction are other contact forces?
The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with what?
According to the Second law of thermodynamics, what type of forces result in energy transformations within closed systems?
According to the Second law of thermodynamics, what type of forces result in energy transformations within closed systems?
Which law of thermodynamics states that nonconservative forces necessarily result in energy transformations within closed systems from ordered to more random conditions?
According to the Second law of thermodynamics, what type of forces result in energy transformations within closed systems?
What is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass?
What is another name for the kilogram-force?
What is the metric unit of mass?
What unit of force is equivalent to 1000 lbf?
What unit of force is equivalent to 1000 N?