What team won Super Bowl 50?
Who won Super Bowl 50?
In what city was Super Bowl 50 played?
What team won Super Bowl 50?
What was the theme of the 50th Super Bowl?
What did the NFL emphasize with various gold-themed initiatives?
On what date was Super Bowl 50 played?
What league did the Denver Broncos belong to?
What did the NFL emphasize with various gold-themed initiatives?
What league did the Denver Broncos belong to?
On what date was Super Bowl 50 played?
What team won Super Bowl 50?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
In what city was Super Bowl 50 played?
What would have been the game called under the Roman numerals?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 played?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 played?
In what city was Super Bowl 50 played?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
What was the final score of Super Bowl 50?
On what date was Super Bowl 50 played?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 played?
What team won Super Bowl 50?
Who won Super Bowl 50?
What team won Super Bowl 50?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 played?
What team won Super Bowl 50?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
What was the name of the game that was played on February 7, 2016?
What team won Super Bowl 50?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
How many times have the Pittsburgh Steelers been to the Super Bowl?
When was the Carolina Panthers founded?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the record of the Panthers during the regular season?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the record of the Broncos in the regular season?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many times have the Broncos been to the Super Bowl?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
When was the Carolina Panthers founded?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many sacks did Von Miller have?
Who took an early lead in Super Bowl 50?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record in the Super Bowl?
How did Newton fare in Super Bowl 50?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force on Newton?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have in the Super Bowl?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have in the Super Bowl?
How many sacks did Von Miller have?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have in the Super Bowl?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force on Newton?
What did the Broncos recover for a touchdown?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force on Newton?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have in the Super Bowl?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Which two artists performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the third most watched U.S. broadcast ever?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Bruno Mars, who performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the most watched U.S. broadcast of Super Bowl 50?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Which two artists performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Which two artists performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the third most watched U.S. broadcast ever?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British band headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Which two artists performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, who performed at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
What game did Goodell say would be "spectacular" in 2012?
In what year did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
When did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
What did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be?
What did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be?
In what year did Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
What is the name of the stadium that the league narrowed the bids to?
Along with New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome and Levi's Stadium, what stadium was narrowed to three bids?
What is the name of the stadium that was narrowed down to three?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What were the three sites the league narrowed the bids to?
How many sites did the league narrow the bids to?
In what city is the Mercedes-Benz Superdome located?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
In what city is Levi's Stadium located?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of the stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area?
When did the league announce the two finalists for Super Bowl XLIV?
How many times has South Florida/Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in South Florida?
In what year was Super Bowl XLIV held?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host Super Bowl XIX?
Which stadium was the finalist to host the Super Bowl in 2012?
When did the league announce the two finalists for Super Bowl XLIV?
Where was Super Bowl XIX held in 1985?
When did the Florida legislature refuse to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
In what year was Super Bowl XLIV held?
How many finalists were there for Super Bowl XLIV?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in South Florida?
How many finalists were there for Super Bowl XLIV?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host Super Bowl XIX?
What city has hosted the most Super Bowls?
When did the league announce the two finalists for Super Bowl XLIV?
How many times has South Florida/Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
What city has hosted the most Super Bowls?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host Super Bowl XIX?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
On what date was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
Who voted to award the Super Bowl to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost to build?
Where did Super Bowl XXXVII take place in 2003?
In what city did the 2013 NFL spring meetings take place?
On what date was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost to build?
What was the first Super Bowl held in California?
Where did Super Bowl XXXVII take place in 2003?
In what year was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost to build?
In what year was Super Bowl XIX held in the Bay Area?
What was the first Super Bowl held in California?
On what date was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
In what year did Super Bowl XXXVII take place in San Diego?
In what city did the 2013 NFL spring meetings take place?
On what date was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost to build?
In what year did Super Bowl XXXVII take place in San Diego?
Who coached the Broncos in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
How many teams have acquired a 15-1 record?
Who became one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss?
What was the last Super Bowl the Broncos reached?
Who coached the Broncos in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
How many times have the Denver Broncos appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
What was the first Super Bowl appearance for the Carolina Panthers?
How many teams have acquired a 15-1 record?
What is the number of seeds from both conferences in the Super Bowl?
What is the number of seeds from both conferences in the Super Bowl?
What was the last Super Bowl the Broncos reached?
What was the only other time the Carolina Panthers have appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have acquired a 15-1 record?
How many seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl for the third straight season?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who coached the Broncos in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
What running back was waived by the Carolina Panthers?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
How many teams have won at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had their best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many All-Pro selections did the Panthers have?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
In what year did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the New Orleans Saints have the best start to a season in NFL history?
In what year did the Green Bay Packers go 13-0?
What did Kelvin Benjamin suffer in the preseason?
Who was the top wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers?
What running back was waived by the Carolina Panthers?
In what year did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
What team had their best regular season in franchise history?
When did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had their best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense have?
How many touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. catch?
How many rushing touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. have?
How many punts did Ted Ginn Jr. return for 277 yards?
Who was Cam Newton's leading receiver?
How many touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. catch?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many passes did tight end Greg Olsen catch?
What was Greg Olsen's leading position on the Panthers offense?
Who was the Pro Bowl running back for the Panthers?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense have?
Who had one of his best seasons?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw for?
How many touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. catch?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense have?
How many points did the Panthers offense score?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw for?
How many touchdowns did Ted Ginn Jr. catch?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many touchdowns did Devin Funchess catch?
How many points did the Panthers defense give up?
How many career sacks did Jared Allen have?
How many tackles did Luke Kuechly make?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense have?
Who led the Panthers in sacks with 11?
How many interceptions did the Panthers defense have?
Who led the Panthers in sacks with 11?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense have?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense have?
Who led the team with a career high seven interceptions?
How many interceptions did the Panthers defense have?
Who had 5 sacks in just 9 starts?
Who led the team in tackles with 118?
How many fumbles did Kawann Short recover?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season?
What team did Peyton Manning play for in 1998?
Who did the Broncos lose 13-7 to in the Week 17 regular season finale?
Who is the defensive coordinator of the Denver Broncos?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
What team did Peyton Manning play for in 1998?
How old was Peyton Manning in the 2015 off-season?
What injury did Peyton Manning have in his heel?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who led the NFL in interceptions?
Why did Peyton Manning have his worst statistical season since his rookie year?
How old was Peyton Manning in the 2015 off-season?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win?
Who was the head coach of the Denver Broncos before Gary Kubiak?
Who led the NFL in interceptions?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Where did Manning suffer a partial tear of the plantar fasciitis?
Who is the defensive coordinator of the Denver Broncos?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who was the team's leading receiver with 105 receptions?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler throw?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many yards did Manning throw for?
How many touchdowns did Manning throw?
Who was the team's leading receiver with 105 receptions?
What position did Demaryius Thomas play?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who was the team's leading receiver with 105 receptions?
How many interceptions did Osweiler have?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
What was Ronnie Hillman's yards per carry average?
How many yards did the Broncos' defense allow?
How many sacks did defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson have?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles with 109?
How many fumbles did Von Miller recover?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
What position did Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson play?
How many points did the Broncos' defense allow?
Who led the Broncos with 11 sacks?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles with 109?
How many fumbles did Von Miller recover?
Who led the Broncos with 11 sacks?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles with 109?
Which two defensive ends had 5½ sacks?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the NFC Championship Game?
How did the Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
How did the Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers rack up against the Arizona Cardinals?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the divisional round?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
What was the final score of the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were on the clock when the Broncos intercepted a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt?
What team defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the divisional round?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
How many seconds were on the clock when the Broncos intercepted a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt?
Who didn't throw any interceptions in their two playoff games?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the divisional round?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
How many seconds were on the clock when the Broncos intercepted a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt?
Who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career?
What did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many ACL tears did Thomas Davis have in his career?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
What had Thomas Davis overcome three times in his career?
What did Thomas Davis break in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
What game did Thomas Davis say he would play in?
How many ACL tears did Thomas Davis have in his career?
What did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years old was Thomas Davis?
Who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career?
At what age is Peyton Manning the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
Who was the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How old was John Elway when he won Super Bowl XXXIII?
What is John Elway's position with the Broncos?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who was the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How old was John Elway when he won Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who is the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
How many Super Bowls did Peyton Manning lead?
How many Super Bowls did Peyton Manning lead?
Who is the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
Who was the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
In what Super Bowl did John Elway lead the Broncos to victory?
Who is the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
At what age is Peyton Manning the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
Who was the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
In what year was Manning the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton when he played against Manning?
What is the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
Who was the #1 pick in the 2011 draft?
Who was the #1 pick in the 1998 NFL draft?
Who was the first pick in the 2011 NFL draft?
How old was Newton when he played against Manning?
What was the first Super Bowl to feature a player who was the #1 pick in their draft classes?
In what year was Manning the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
Who was the #1 pick in the 2011 draft?
In what year was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton when he played against Manning?
What is the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
What was the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played?
What team did Rivera play for in Super Bowl XX?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
What team did Kubiak replace Elway for?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
Who was a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
What was the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens that slipped and missed a field goal?
What type of turf did the NFL re-sodd the field with?
Who is the field director of the Atlanta Braves?
Who was Justin Tucker a kicker for?
What position did Justin Tucker play?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens that slipped and missed a field goal?
What position did Justin Tucker play?
What type of turf did the NFL re-sodd the field with?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens that slipped and missed a field goal?
What did the NFL re-sodd the field with?
What type of turf did the NFL re-sodd the field with?
What did a number of players need to change during the game?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens that slipped and missed a field goal?
What type of turf is usually used for Super Bowl games?
Which team wore white in Super Bowl XXXIII?
How did the Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXI?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants?
How did the Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXI?
What did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who was the only other AFC champion team to wear white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXXII?
What color jerseys have the Broncos lost in Super Bowl XII, XXII, XXIV, and XLVIII?
What was the standard home uniform of the Panthers?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
On what date did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
What was the first Super Bowl to use Roman numerals?
Who is the league's vice president of brand and creative?
At what Super Bowl was the standardized logo template introduced?
What trophy is behind the large numerals in the Super Bowl 50 logo?
In what year did the NFL suspend the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals?
The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for what Super Bowl?
What letter was removed from the name of Super Bowl 50?
In what color are the large numerals in the Super Bowl 50 logo?
On what date did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
What did the NFL change the name of Super Bowl 50 to?
What letter did the NFL change the name of Super Bowl 50 to?
In what color are the large numerals in the Super Bowl 50 logo?
For what Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What language were the Roman numerals used for Super Bowl 50?
For what Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
When did all sideline jackets and hats begin to have gold trim?
How many yards on the field were colored gold in the 2015 season?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the 2015 NFL season's gold-themed promotions?
What were given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What part of the field was colored gold in the 2015 NFL season?
What color were footballs given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Who unsuccessfully lobbied for the NFL to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
On what date did "Super Bowl City" open?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
What is the name of the city that opened on January 30?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
What is the name of the city that opened on January 30?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
What is the name of the city that opened on January 30?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
How much did Jane Kim want the NFL to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
What event was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco?
Where is Bellomy Field located?
How much is the ancillary events worth?
How long is the Convention Center event?
How much is the ancillary events worth?
What is one of the ancillary events?
Who has announced plans to set aside seed funding for the event?
Where is the beer, wine and food festival at Santa Clara University?
What will aid in finding business sponsors and individual donors?
Who has announced plans to set aside seed funding for the event?
How much is the ancillary events worth?
Who has announced plans to set aside seed funding for the event?
On what day of the week was the media day moved to?
On what day is the media day typically held?
Where was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
In what city was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What was the Super Bowl Opening Night replica of?
On what day is the media day typically held?
On what day of the week was the media day moved to?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
In what city was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
When was the media day typically held?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What was the Super Bowl Opening Night replica of?
On what day of the week was the media day moved to?
What was the new name of the media day?
Where was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
On what bridge was the Super Bowl Opening Night ceremony held?
On what date was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much money has the host committee raised through sponsors?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Chevron, what company is a sponsor of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Chevron, and Dignity Health, what company is a sponsor of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, and Dignity Health, what company is a sponsor of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Who has openly sought disabled veteran and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender businesses?
How much money has the host committee raised through sponsors?
What has the host committee raised over $40 million through?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much money has the host committee raised through sponsors?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
What has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee vowed to be?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
What is the name of the trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive?
How many carat gold-plated "50" will the winner of Super Bowl 50 receive?
How many pounds will the "50" weigh?
Who designed the "50"?
Who designed the "50"?
What is the name of the trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive?
What is the size of the Vince Lombardi Trophy?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy do all Super Bowl champions receive?
Who designed the "50"?
What network broadcast the game in the United States?
Along with Jim Nantz, who called the game for CBS?
Who was on the sidelines with Evan Washburn?
How many cameras were in the upper deck of the stadium?
What was the resolution of the EyeVision 360 cameras for Super Bowl 50?
How many main broadcast television partners of the NFL are there?
Where did Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn call the game?
What kind of view did the EyeVision 360 provide?
What was the resolution of the EyeVision 360 cameras for Super Bowl 50?
Where did Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn call the game?
What network broadcast the game in the United States?
How many main broadcast television partners of the NFL are there?
What network broadcast the game in the United States?
Who were the lead broadcast team for the game?
Who were on the sidelines of the game?
What was the resolution of the EyeVision 360 cameras for Super Bowl 50?
Along with microphones and pylon, what new features did CBS introduce during the telecast?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl in 2015?
Who was the sideline reporter for the game?
Who called the game for ESPN Deportes?
On what date did ESPN Deportes announce that they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
In what language did CBS broadcast the Super Bowl in 2015?
Who does not have a Spanish-language outlet of its own?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl in 2015?
Who was the sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl in 2015?
Who called the game for ESPN Deportes?
Who was the sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
On what website did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Along with Chromecast, Roku, and Windows 10, what other digital media player was available to watch the game?
On what Windows operating system was the CBS Sports app available?
On what website did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Along with Chromecast, Roku, and Windows 10, what other digital media player was available to watch the game?
Who was only able to watch the game on smartphones?
What service did Verizon Wireless customers use to watch the game on their smartphones?
Who had exclusivity on the NFL Mobile service?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What did CBS provide?
Who had exclusivity on the NFL Mobile service?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
What late night show did CBS broadcast a special episode of after the game?
What late night show did CBS air after a break for local programming?
What late night show did CBS broadcast a special episode of after the game?
What late night show did CBS air after a break for local programming?
What late night show did CBS broadcast a special episode of after the game?
What did CBS take a break for after The Late Late Show with James Corden?
What late night show did CBS broadcast a special episode of after the break for local programming?
What was the base rate for a 30-second advertisement?
What beer manufacturer was the final sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What company held its "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What was the anniversary of the Pokémon video game and media franchise?
What was the base rate for a 30-second advertisement?
What beer manufacturer was the final sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What company held its "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What company made their Super Bowl debut?
Nintendo and what other company made their Super Bowl debut?
What beer manufacturer was the final sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What company held its "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What beer manufacturer was the final sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What company held its "Crash the Super Bowl" contest?
What contest did Doritos hold that allowed viewers to create their own ad for the game?
What contest did QuickBooks sponsor?
Who won the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
How long was Death Wish Coffee's commercial?
How many other contenders did Death Wish Coffee beat out?
Who won the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
How many other contenders did Death Wish Coffee beat out?
Who sponsored the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
Who won the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
How many competitors did Death Wish Coffee beat out for the free advertisement?
Who sponsored the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
Who won the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
What was the debut trailer for?
What movie did Lionsgate pay to air during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Paramount pay for a trailer to be aired during the Super Bowl?
Along with Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, Eddie the Eagle and Independence Day, what movie did Fox pay for a Super Bowl trailer for?
What movie did Lionsgate pay to air during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Paramount pay for a trailer to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What was the debut trailer for?
What Marvel movie did Disney pay for a Super Bowl trailer?
What movie did Fox pay for Resurgence?
Which studio paid for The Secret Life of Pets?
Which studio paid for Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, Independence Day: Resurgence and Eddie the Eagle?
What network will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who is the sideline reporter for Westwood One?
How many channels will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
What network will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?
Who are the color analysts for the game?
Who are the sideline reporters for the game?
What will Jim Gray anchor?
Westwood One will carry the game throughout what continent?
What station in Denver will broadcast the game on 103.5 FM?
Who is the play-by-play announcer on KOA and KRFX?
What station will carry the game in North Carolina?
Where is WBT-FM based?
Who will call the game on WBT in North Carolina?
Who is the play-by-play announcer on KOA and KRFX?
Who is the color commentator for the game on KRFX?
What station in North Carolina will broadcast the game?
Who will call the game on WBT in North Carolina?
What stations will carry the game in Denver?
What station will WBT simulcast the game on?
What radio station will broadcast the contest in the United Kingdom?
Along with BBC Radio 5 Live, what radio station will broadcast the contest in the UK?
Along with Rocky Boiman, Greg Brady and Greg Brady, who will commentate on the British English broadcast?
Who will broadcast the contest in the United Kingdom?
Who is the commentator for the BBC's British English broadcast?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl V?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
In what year did Harvey Martin die?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
How many of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players appeared in the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players appeared in the ceremony?
How many of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players appeared in the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What award did Marlee Matlin win?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What language did Marlee Matlin use to translate the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation?
Who performed the national anthem?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation?
On what date did the NFL confirm that Coldplay would be performing at the halftime show?
What nationality was Coldplay?
In what Super Bowl did Beyoncé perform?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Bruno Mars headlined what Super Bowl halftime show?
Who performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What company confirmed that Beyoncé would be performing at the Super Bowl in 2016?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Who performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What single did Beyoncé and Coldplay collaborate on?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show?
Who took the opening kickoff and started out strong?
Who did Peyton Manning throw a 22-yard pass to?
Who did Shaq Thompson tackle for a 3-yard loss?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 3-0 lead?
Who carried the ball 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
How many yards did Peyton Manning complete to tight end Owen Daniels?
Who tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 3-0 lead?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing?
Who took the opening kickoff and started out strong?
Who did Peyton Manning throw an 18-yard pass to?
Who carried the ball 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 3-0 lead?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing?
Who was the retired referee who disagreed with the call?
Who was the quarterback of the Panthers?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble in the end zone for the Broncos?
What was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who did Cam Newton appear to complete a 24-yard pass to?
Who was the retired referee who disagreed with the call?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble in the end zone for the Broncos?
In what year was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who was the retired referee who disagreed with the call?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered a fumble in the end zone for the Broncos?
What was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
Who was responsible for the punt that Jordan Norwood received?
How many yards did Brad Nortman punt?
How many yards did Jordan Norwood return for?
How many yards did McManus kick a field goal?
How many yards did Newton complete 4 of 4 passes?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
How long did it take for the Panthers to cut the score to 10-7?
Who took off for a Super Bowl record 61-yard return before Mario Addison dragged him down?
How many yards did McManus kick a field goal?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
What did McManus kick to increase the Broncos lead to 13-7?
Who tackled Tolbert?
What is Danny Trevathan's position?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
Who was sacked by DeMarcus Ware as time expired in the half?
Who sacked Newton as time expired in the half?
Who lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
How many yards did Kony Ealy return the interception for?
Who sacked Newton as time expired in the half?
Who lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart?
Who recovered Tolbert's fumble?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
What did the Panthers do with their possession after losing a fumble?
Who sacked Newton as time expired in the half?
Who did the Panthers fail to score on their second offensive play of the second half?
Who missed a 44-yard field goal attempt on the first drive of the second half?
How many yards did Graham Gano miss on his first field goal attempt?
Who kicked a 33-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 16-7 lead?
Who intercepted a Newton pass that bounced off the hands of Ginn?
Who did the Panthers fail to score on their second offensive play of the second half?
What did Graham Gano hit on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who intercepted a Newton pass that bounced off the hands of Ginn?
Who recovered T. J. Ward's fumble?
Who did the Panthers fail to score on their second offensive play of the second half?
Where did the Broncos defense stop the Panthers' second drive?
Who missed a 44-yard field goal attempt on the first drive of the second half?
Who did Manning pass to for gains of 25 and 22 yards?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
How long was Gano's field goal?
Who caught a 16-yard reception to cut the Panthers deficit to one score?
Who ran for a 12-yard run to set up Gano's 39-yard field goal?
Where did the Broncos drive to in the fourth quarter?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
Where did Ealy recover the ball?
What did the next three drives of the game end in?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
Where did Ealy recover the ball?
What was the length of Gano's field goal?
How many drives of the game would end in punts?
How many yards did the Broncos have on 3rd-and-9?
Who did several players dove into the pile to attempt to recover the ball?
Who committed a holding penalty that gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
Who did Manning pass to for a 2-point conversion?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
What did the ball bounce back to after several players dove for it?
Who did several players dove into the pile to attempt to recover the ball?
Who committed a holding penalty that gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
How long did it take for the Broncos to take a 24-10 lead?
How long did it take for Carolina to get the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game winning drive?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
What did the ball bounce back to after several players dove for it?
How many plays did Denver's offense fail to get into the end zone?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
How many solo tackles did Ware have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have in the game?
How many receptions did Ginn have?
Who had the most tackles in the game?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have in the game?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
Who was Manning's top receiver?
Who had the most tackles in the game?
Who was Manning's top receiver?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
How many field goals did McManus make during the post-season?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many receptions did Ginn have?
How many total yards did the Carolina Panthers gain in Super Bowl 50?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose?
Who set the previous record of 244 yards in Super Bowl XXXV?
Who's 61-yard punt return set a new record?
Who became the oldest quarterback ever to win a Super Bowl at age 39?
How many total yards did the Carolina Panthers gain in Super Bowl 50?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose?
Who set a Super Bowl record with seven sacks in Super Bowl XX?
Which team tied a Super Bowl record with seven sacks?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose to the Panthers?
How many first downs did the Broncos lose?
Which team tied a Super Bowl record with seven sacks?
Who set a Super Bowl record with seven sacks in Super Bowl XX?
How many teams' combined third down conversion percentage of 13.8 was a Super Bowl low?
What award did Maria Skłodowska-Curie receive?
In what year was Casimir Pulaski born?
Who was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize?
Władysław Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin are what?
How old was Chopin when he moved to Warsaw?
How many different species of trees are in the Saxon Garden?
What is a popular strolling destination for Varsovians?
What is the name of the royal garden in Warsaw?
Where is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier located?
What park covers the area of 76 ha?
How far is the Vistula river from Warsaw?
What animals live in the Vistula river's habitat?
How many natural reserves are in Warsaw?
How many lakes are in Warsaw?
Why are most of the lakes emptied before winter?
What type of city is Warsaw?
How many people in 1933 were of Polish mother tongue?
What percentage of Warsaw's population was Jewish in 1897?
What minority was in Warsaw in 1897?
What is most of the modern day population growth based on?
What is the second academic school of technology in the country?
How many professors are employed at the University of Warsaw?
What is the largest medical school in Poland?
When was the University of Warsaw established?
What is the oldest and largest music school in Poland?
When was the University Library founded?
How many items are in the University Library?
Who designed the University Library?
Who designed the University Library garden?
How large is the University Library garden?
What did Warsaw suffer during its time as an Eastern Bloc economy?
What was the name of the initial plan to rebuild Poland?
Why has Warsaw seen many improvements over the past decade?
What has happened to the city's sanitation facilities over the past decade?
What city has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe?
What is the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland?
What is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe?
How many beds does the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology have?
What has the infrastructure of the CMHI done over the past years?
What type of venues are in Warsaw?
What type of events does Warsaw host?
Where is the Congress Hall located?
In what city is the Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture and Science located?
What type of events does Warsaw host?
What is the Saxon Garden?
What is Ogród Saski?
When was the Summer Theatre in operation?
What was Warsaw's first literary cabaret?
What was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre"?
What is the festival called on Midsummer's Night?
How many people gather on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer's Night?
What is the name of the festival called Wianki?
What did maidens float their wreaths of herbs on the water to predict?
What flower are people looking for on Midsummer's Eve?
The Museum of Posters has one of the largest collections of what in the world?
How many museums are in Warsaw?
What type of museum is the National Museum?
What is Adolf Hitler's private collection?
The Museum of the Polish Army portrays the history of what?
Where can a fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland be found?
In what city is the Warsaw Uprising Museum located?
What kind of theater is the Warsaw Fotoplastikon?
What museum preserves patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence?
How many rooms does the Warsaw Historical Museum have?
Where is the Centre for Contemporary Art located?
How many projects does the Centre for Contemporary Art realize each year?
What is the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw?
Who does the Zachęta National Gallery of Art show modern art by?
When is Warsaw Gallery Weekend held?
What is the name of the team that won Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000?
In what year did Polonia Warsaw win the country's championship?
How many times did Polonia Warsaw win the cup?
Where is Polonia Warsaw's home venue?
Why was Polonia relegated from the country's top flight in 2013?
What is Warsaw's symbol?
What is Warsaw's symbol?
How long has the symbol of the mermaid been in use?
What is the oldest existing seal of Warsaw?
What is in the claws of the seal of Warsaw?
What type of figure is not fully known?
Where did two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey?
Where did one of Triton's daughters stay?
In what village did the second mermaid stop to rest?
What did a greedy merchant do to the mermaid?
Where was Tamara de Lempicka born?
When did Tamara de Lempicka marry Tadeusz Łempicki?
What style of art did Tamara de Lempicka represent?
What was Nathan Alterman's profession?
Who described Warsaw in many of his novels?
Who ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world in 2012?
In what year did the Economist Intelligence Unit rank Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?
What type of industries make up Warsaw's economy?
What is one of the largest and most important exchanges in Central and Eastern Europe?
What European Union agency has its headquarters in Warsaw?
In what year was the first historical reference to Warsaw?
What was the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1313?
In what year did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
Who moved his court from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596?
Why did Warsaw gain the title of the "Phoenix City"?
What religion is the archdiocese of Warsaw?
What is the name of the University of Warsaw?
What was the Old Town listed as in 1980?
What type of attractions are the Castle Square with the Royal Castle?
Around a quarter of the city is filled with what?
What is Warsaw's name in the Polish language?
What does Warszawa mean?
Who was Warsz?
What did Warsz own?
What is the official city name of Warsaw?
What settlement was raided by nearby clans and dukes?
Who was Bolesław II of Masovia?
In what year did the Prince of Płock establish Warsaw?
When did Warsaw become the official capital of Masovian Duchy?
When was the Masovian Duchy reincorporated into the Polish Crown?
In 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of what?
In what year did the General Sejm become permanent?
What did the Warsaw Confederation establish in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Why did Warsaw become the capital of the Commonwealth?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
How long did Warsaw remain the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
What kingdom annexed Warsaw in 1796?
Who liberated Warsaw in 1806?
In what year was the Congress of Vienna held?
When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?
How long was Warsaw occupied by Germany?
Where did the Allied Armistice terms require Germany to withdraw from?
Who set up the Second Polish Republic?
In what year was the Polish-Bolshevik War fought?
Who was defeated in the Battle of Warsaw?
On what date did the German Invasion of Poland begin?
What was the General Government?
How much of Warsaw's Jewish population was in the Warsaw Ghetto?
When was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising?
How long did the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising last?
Who was pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw?
Why did the Polish government-in-exile in London give orders to the underground Home Army to try to seize control of Warsaw?
When did the Warsaw Uprising begin?
How long did the Warsaw Uprising last?
How many Polish civilians died in the Warsaw Uprising?
What campaign was initiated after World War II?
What type of housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage?
What type of city was the Palace of Culture and Science?
What is the name of the building that was a gift from the Soviet Union?
What was Warsaw's historic Old Town inscribed onto in 1980?
Who was the pope of Poland in 1979 and 1983?
What did John Paul II's visits to Poland encourage?
How long after becoming pope did John Paul II visit Poland?
Where did John Paul II celebrate Mass in 1979?
What did the Polish people see John Paul II's words as?
How many kilometers from the Carpathian Mountains is Warsaw?
How many miles is Warsaw from Berlin?
What river does Warsaw straddle?
How tall is Szczęśliwice hill?
Where is the lowest point of Warsaw?
How many main geomorphologic formations is Warsaw located on?
What geomorphologic formation is located on the plain moraine plateau?
What plateau is the Warsaw Escarpment located on?
What is the specific axis of Warsaw?
What is the name of the edge of moraine plateau?
What type of escarpment is on the plain of Warsaw?
What does the highest level of the Vistula terraces contain?
The contemporary flooded terrace still has visible what?
What are several levels of the Vistula terraces?
What type of forest is on the right side of Warsaw?
What does Warsaw's mixture of architectural styles reflect?
When was Warsaw razed to the ground?
When did rebuilding begin in Warsaw?
What is an example of a building that was destroyed in the 1950s and 1960s?
What was the basic design of the residential blocks built in the 1950s and 1960s?
What style of architecture is represented in the majestic churches but also at the burgher houses and fortifications?
When was St. John's Cathedral built?
What style is St. John's Cathedral a typical example of?
The house of Baryczko merchant family is an example of what type of architecture?
The Royal Castle and the Jesuit Church are examples of what type of architecture?
During what century did building activity occur in numerous noble palaces and churches?
When was St. Kazimierz Church built?
Czapski Palace is an example of what style of architecture?
What style of architecture can be described by the simplicity of the geometrical forms teamed with a great inspiration from the Roman period?
When was the Palace on the Water rebuilt?
What type of architecture was not restored by communist authorities after the war?
What happened to the Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company Rosja?
What style was the Warsaw Philharmony rebuilt in?
What is the most interesting of the late 19th-century architecture?
What are the Saxon Palace and the Brühl Palace?
How many places commemorate the heroic history of Warsaw?
What is the name of the infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom?
What is the name of the 19th-century fortification built after the defeat of the November Uprising?
Who did Little Insurgent commemorate?
What is the name of the monument erected by Wincenty Kućma?
What kind of spaces are the Botanic Garden and the University Library?
Where is a palm house located?
What is the name of the big park in the northern Mokotów?
What park is close to the Sejm and John Lennon street?
In what year was a zoological garden established in the Praga Park?
What is the main reason for the richness of the flora of Warsaw?
Where is Bielany Forest located?
Bielany Forest is the remaining part of what forest?
What is the name of the big forest area by the southern city border?
How many botanic gardens does Warsaw have?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1939?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
When was the Warsaw area enlargement?
What did Poles think Varsovians thought of themselves?
What was the first measure the city authorities were forced to introduce?
What type of city is Warsaw?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1901?
What percentage of Warsaw's population were Catholics in 1901?
What percentage of Warsaw's population in 1909 were Protestants?
In what year did the Warsaw Uprising take place?
What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?
What are the units of the second level of the territorial division?
What city does not have entitlements of powiat?
What is the unicameral legislative body in Warsaw?
How many members are in the Warsaw City Council?
How often are Warsaw City Council members elected?
What does the Warsaw City Council divide itself into?
How long does the Warsaw City Council have to override a mayor's veto?
What is the mayor of Warsaw called in Poland?
Who was the first president of Warsaw?
When was Jan Andrzej Menich president?
Who elects the President of Warsaw?
In the years of 1994-1999 the mayor of what district automatically was designated as the President of Warsaw?
What is the name of the city centre of Warsaw?
How many companies were registered in Warsaw in 2006?
What type of market was Warsaw ranked as the 7th greatest?
What percentage of Poland's national income does Warsaw produce?
What was the total nominal GDP of Warsaw in 2010?
When was Warsaw's first stock exchange established?
What war ended the trading of Warsaw's first stock exchange?
When was the Warsaw Stock Exchange re-established?
How many companies are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
What political party was the WSE formerly the headquarters of?
When was the FSO Car Factory established?
What was the name of the car that was assembled at the FSO Car Factory?
What South Korean car manufacturer purchased the FSO Car Factory in 1995?
Who bought the FSO Car Factory in 2005?
What car did AvtoZAZ assemble at the FSO Car Factory?
What is another name for Warsaw?
What is the capital and largest city of Poland?
On what river does Warsaw stand?
How many people live in the greater metropolitan area of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank as the most-populous capital city in the European Union?
What is the capital and largest city of Poland?
On what river does Warsaw stand?
How far is Warsaw from the Baltic Sea?
How many people live in the greater metropolitan area of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank as the most-populous capital city in the European Union?
In what country is Normandy located?
When did the Normans give their name to Normandy?
From where did the Normans come from?
Who was the leader of the Normans?
In what century did the distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerge?
Who led an expedition on behalf of their duke?
Who was the ruler of the Duchy of Normandy?
What type of orthodoxy did the Normans adopt?
What does the Old Norse Norðmaðr mean?
When was Nordmannus recorded in Medieval Latin?
In what year did the Duchy of Normandy begin?
Who was the ruler of West Francia at the time of the Duchy of Normandy?
The Duchy of Normandy would eventually extend west beyond what river?
Who raided and settled Normandy and parts of the Atlantic coast?
What religion did the descendants of Rollo's Vikings replace the Norse religion and Old Norse language with?
In what part of France is the Norman culture located?
What did Normandy export by 1066?
In what year did the Norman pilgrims returning from Jerusalem call in at the port of Salerno when a Saracen attack occurred?
Who was the shrine of at Monte Gargano?
Where was the shrine of the Archangel Michael located?
Who was the leader of the Hauteville family?
Who was the elected leader of the Hauteville family?
Who did the Normans capture Sicily and Malta from?
When was Roger II of Sicily crowned king?
Where was William Iron Arm's citadel located?
What is the name of the Book of Roger?
What does Kitab Rudjdjar mean?
What type of bureaucracy did the Normans have?
Who did the Normans fight against in Armenia?
In what decade did Hervé serve as a Byzantine general?
When did Robert Crispin lead the Normans of Edessa against the Turks?
Who stopped Roussel de Bailleul from carving out an independent state in Asia Minor?
What was the name of the castle of Raimbaud?
What Norman led a force of "Franks" into the upper Euphrates valley?
Who did some Normans join to destroy the Armenians vassal-states of Sassoun and Taron?
Several families of Byzantine Greece were of what origin during the Comnenian Restoration?
Who drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy?
In what year was Dyrrachium betrayed to the Normans?
How many men did Robert Guiscard lead in 1081?
What city did Bohemond sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines?
Who was Robert's son?
What city did Bohemond sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines?
In what year did a large Norman army invade Dyrrachium?
What was one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic?
Dyrrachium was one of the most important naval bases of what body of water?
Who was forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard?
Who was Emma's sister?
Where did King Ethelred flee to in 1013?
Who forced Ethelred II of England to flee to Normandy?
Who invited Edward the Confessor to return to England?
When did Edward the Confessor return from his father's refuge?
Who did Edward appoint archbishop of Canterbury?
At what battle did Duke William II of Normandy kill King Harold II?
Who was the Duke of Normandy in 1066?
In what year did Duke William II of Normandy conquer England?
Who did the invading Normans replace as the ruling class of England?
What did the Anglo-Norman language evolve into?
When did the Normans invade Bannow Bay?
In what country did the Normans settle?
The Normans had a profound effect on what culture and history?
Who was one of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror?
Who married Edgar Atheling's sister Margaret?
In what year did William invade Scotland?
What was the name of Malcolm III's son?
Who did King David I of Scotland's elder brother marry?
What culture did King David I introduce to Scotland?
What was Ralph earl of?
Ralph was charged with defending the Marches and warring with whom?
Who set up Ralph as earl of Hereford?
In what country did Norman words first enter Welsh?
When did Roger de Tosny travel to the Iberian Peninsula to carve out a state for himself?
Who led the papal army during the War of Barbastro?
In what year was the Siege of Antioch successful?
Who was instrumental in the conquest of Jerusalem?
Tancred was instrumental in the conquest of what city?
How long did Western European domination of Cyprus last?
What caused the fleet to disperse?
What was the name of Richard's fiancée?
In what year did Richard the Lion-hearted leave Messina with a large fleet?
Who was the despot of Cyprus in 1191?
Who was Guy de Lusignan's rival?
What type of chains did Isaac surrender with?
Who led the troops that conquered the whole island?
Who was crowned King of Cyprus?
When was the wedding of Richard the Lion-Heart and Berengaria?
What was one of the grand ceremonies of the wedding?
In what year did the Venetians acquire full control of Cyprus?
Who bought Cyprus after the Anglo-Norman conquest?
In what continent were the Canarian islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro located?
Who took the title of King of the Canary Islands?
Who did Maciot de Bethencourt sell the rights to the Canary Islands to?
Who sold the rights to the Canary Islands in 1418?
Where are Jersey and Guernsey located?
How many customaries was Norman customary law transcribed in Latin?
What idiom did Norman architecture spread to England and Italy?
What type of arches did Norman architecture have?
In England, the period of Norman architecture precedes what style of architecture?
In England, the period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of what?
In what Kingdom did Norman-Arab architecture begin?
When did the dukes begin a programme of church reform?
Who used the church as a unifying force for their disparate duchy?
In what century did the French Wars of Religion take place?
What is the Bayeux Tapestry a work of?
What is the most famous work of Norman art?
Who commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry?
What type of art was common in Norman Italy?
In what century was the staff around which neumes were oriented first developed?
Who were the two Italian abbots at Fécamp?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul flee to?
What monastery did the monks of Saint-Evroul establish in Italy?
Who patronised the monks of Saint-Evroul?
At Saint Evroul, a tradition of what had developed?
In what year was Nikola Tesla born?
What nationality was Nikola Tesla?
In what year did Nikola Tesla die?
In what year was Nikola Tesla born?
In what year did Nikola Tesla die?
What nationality was Nikola Tesla?
What type of electricity supply system did Nikola Tesla design?
In what year did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for in 1884?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
In what city did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
What was the name of the corporate alternating current/direct current battle that Tesla was involved in?
In what year did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for in 1884?
In what city did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Along with the AC induction motor, what other invention did George Westinghouse license from Tesla?
When did Tesla make early pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What type of power experiments did Tesla do?
What did Tesla experiment with in his lab?
In what city did Tesla conduct high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments?
When did Tesla make early pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What did Tesla build that was one of the first ever exhibited?
What was Tesla's unfinished intercontinental wireless transmission project?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla in his honor?
Where did Tesla live most of his life?
What was Tesla's nickname in popular culture?
What earned Tesla a considerable amount of money?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla in his honor?
When did popular interest in Tesla begin to increase?
What was Tesla known for?
In what modern country is Smiljan located?
What was Milutin Tesla's profession?
What type of memory did Nikola Tesla attribute to his mother?
What did Nikola Tesla attribute his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
What was Milutin Tesla's profession?
Who was Tesla's father?
Who was Nikola Tesla's mother?
What did Tesla's mother have a talent for?
What did Nikola Tesla attribute his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
How many children did Tesla have?
Along with arithmetic and religion, what language did Tesla learn in primary school?
In what year did the Tesla family move to Gospić, Austrian Empire?
What was Tesla's older brother's name?
Who were Tesla's three sisters?
What happened to Dane when Nikola was five?
Where did Tesla's family move to in 1862?
What was Tesla's father's job?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
In what language did Tesla attend school?
What did Tesla perform in his head that caused his teachers to believe he was cheating?
What did Tesla's teachers believe he was doing?
When did Tesla graduate from the Higher Real Gymnasium?
In what year did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Why did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
In what language did Tesla attend school?
When did Tesla graduate from the Higher Real Gymnasium?
What illness did Tesla contract when he returned to Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden from cholera?
What school did Tesla's father promise to send him to if he recovered from cholera?
What did Tesla's father want him to do?
What was Tesla's birthtown?
In what year did Tesla return to his birthtown?
What illness did Tesla contract when he returned to Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden from cholera?
What did Tesla's father want him to do?
What did Tesla's father promise to do if he recovered from cholera?
Where did Tesla run away to in 1874?
Who did Tesla say helped him recover from his illness?
Where did Tesla explore in hunter's garb?
In what year did Tesla run away to Tomingaj?
What did Tesla wear to explore the mountains?
What did Tesla run away from in 1874?
In what year did Tesla run away to Tomingaj?
What did Tesla do in Tomingaj?
Who did Tesla say helped him recover from his illness?
In what year did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
Where did Tesla enroll in 1875?
In what year did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla become addicted to after losing his scholarship?
How many Sundays did Tesla work?
Where was Austrian Polytechnic located?
In what year did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
In what year did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla do during his third year at Austrian Polytechnic?
What did Tesla's professors say would happen if he was removed from the school?
What did Tesla do in December 1878?
Why did Tesla leave Graz?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What did Milutin Tesla beg his son to do?
What did Nikola suffer when he refused to return to Maribor?
In what year did Tesla leave Graz?
What was Tesla trying to hide when he left Graz?
What did Tesla's friends think happened to him after he dropped out of school?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What did Nikola suffer when he refused to return to Maribor?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospić?
When was Tesla returned to Gospić?
How old was Milutin Tesla when he died?
What did some sources say Milutin Tesla died of?
What did Milutin Tesla do in 1879?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospić?
In what year did Milutin Tesla die?
What was Milutin Tesla's old school?
How did Milutin Tesla die?
Where did Tesla leave Gospić for?
Why did Tesla fail to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University?
What position did Tesla hold at Charles-Ferdinand University?
What university did Tesla fail to enroll at?
Where did Tesla leave Gospić for?
In what year did Tesla leave Gospić for Prague?
What university did Tesla fail to enroll at?
Who helped Tesla leave Gospić for Prague?
Where did Tesla move to in 1881?
What telegraph company did Tesla work for in 1881?
What position did Tesla hold at the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What did Tesla claim to have perfected?
What was Tesla's job title in the Central Telegraph Office?
In what year did Tesla move to Budapest?
What was the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What telegraph company did Tesla work for in 1881?
What position did Tesla hold at the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
In what year did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company in France?
In what country did Tesla work for the Continental Edison Company?
Where did Tesla move to in 1884?
Who hired Tesla to work for?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
What company did Tesla work for in 1882?
In what country did Tesla work for the Continental Edison Company?
In what year did Tesla move to New York City?
Who hired Tesla to work for?
Where was Edison's Edison Machine Works located?
How much did Edison say he would pay Tesla for redesigning Edison's generators?
How much did Edison offer Tesla for redesigning Edison's direct current generators?
How long did it take Tesla to redesign Edison's direct current generators?
How much did Edison say he would pay Tesla for redesigning Edison's generators?
What did Edison say that Tesla didn't understand?
How much did Edison offer to Tesla?
Who did Tesla partner with in 1886?
What was the name of Tesla's electric lighting company?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What type of patents were issued to Tesla in the US?
What was one of the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
Who did Tesla partner with in 1886?
In what year did Tesla partner with two businessmen?
What was the name of Tesla's electric lighting company?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What was the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
What did the investors do to Tesla?
How did Tesla end up after being forced out of Tesla's company?
What type of job did Tesla work for $2 per day?
During what years did Tesla have terrible headaches and bitter tears?
Why did Tesla lose control of his patents?
What type of job did Tesla work for $2 per day?
What did Tesla have to work at during the winter of 1886/1887?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
When did Brown and Peck form the Tesla Electric Company?
What did the profits of the Tesla Electric Company go to?
Where was the Tesla Electric Company laboratory located?
In what year did Tesla meet Alfred S. Brown and Charles F. Peck?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
Who was the New York attorney that Tesla met in 1886?
Where did Brown and Peck set up a laboratory for Tesla?
What company did Alfred S. Brown and Charles F. Peck form in April 1887?
What type of motor did Tesla develop in 1887?
When was the induction motor patented?
What did the self-starting induction motor not need?
What did the self-starting design of the induction motor avoid?
What type of motor did Tesla's induction motor have?
In what year did Tesla develop an induction motor that ran on alternating current?
Why was alternating current being built in Europe and the United States?
What did Tesla's induction motor replace?
In what year was Tesla's induction motor patented?
Who was Thomas Commerford Martin?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his alternating current system?
In what year did Westinghouse look into getting a patent on a similar commutator-less, rotating magnetic field-based induction motor?
Why did Westinghouse decide not to get a patent on an induction motor?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine in 1888?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine in 1888?
Who did Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company report to that Tesla had a viable AC motor?
Who presented a paper in 1888 about an induction motor?
What was Galileo Ferraris' profession?
What company did George Westinghouse work for?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's polyphase induction motor and transformer designs?
Who did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with?
What was Tesla's job at Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's polyphase induction motor and transformer designs?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay Tesla per month to be a consultant?
In what city was Westinghouse's labs located?
In what city did Tesla work for a year?
What did Tesla help to create in Pittsburgh?
What was the length of the AC current system Tesla proposed?
What did Westinghouse use instead of the 60-cycle AC current system?
Why did Tesla work in Pittsburgh?
What did Westinghouse use instead of the 60-cycle AC current system?
Who was in the "War of Currents"?
What did the "War of Currents" begin as a competition between?
What did Edison Machine Works pursue in 1890?
What was Thomas Edison's company consolidated into in 1892?
What type of system did Westinghouse use to power arc lights?
Who was no longer in control of his own company in 1892?
In what year did the "War of Currents" reach the point of all-out warfare?
What caused Westinghouse to put Tesla's motor on hold for a while?
What was Thomas Edison's company consolidated into in 1892?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
In what city was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
What was the banner announcing at the Columbian Exposition?
What was the banner announcing at the Columbian Exposition?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
In what city was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held?
In what year did George Westinghouse win the bid to light the World's Columbian Exposition?
What was the 1893 World's Fair a key event in the history of?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?
Where was the Cataract Construction Company based?
Who was awarded the contract to build a two-phase AC generating system at the Niagara Falls?
Who was awarded a contract to build the AC distribution system?
What type of system did Tesla say would be the most reliable?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?
In what year did Richard Dean Adams seek Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power generated at the falls?
What type of system did Tesla say would be the most reliable?
What did Tesla say a two-phase system would be?
In what year was a patent-sharing agreement signed between Westinghouse and General Electric?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's patents?
How much did Westinghouse pay for the AC horsepower royalty?
How much did Westinghouse pay out in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
What financier backed General Electric?
How much did Westinghouse pay out in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's patents?
At what age did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
In what city was Tesla's laboratory located?
What did Tesla use to demonstrate the potential of wireless power transmission?
What did Tesla patent in 1891?
In what year did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What did Tesla patent in 1891?
At what age did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
How did Tesla demonstrate the potential of wireless power transmission?
What organization did Tesla serve as a vice president of?
What organization did Tesla serve as a vice president of?
In what year did Tesla leave the IEEE?
What position did Tesla hold in the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
When did Tesla serve as vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Along with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, what was the forerunner of the IEEE?
Why did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy of invisible kinds?
When did Tesla lose most of his early research?
When did Wilhelm Röntgen announce the discovery of x-rays?
What was the only thing captured in the image of Mark Twain illuminated by a Geissler tube?
In what year did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy?
What is another name for Roentgen rays?
What happened to much of Tesla's early research?
What may have Tesla inadvertently captured when he tried to photograph Mark Twain?
Who did Tesla try to photograph with a Geissler tube?
What is radiography?
When did Tesla begin doing his own experiments in X-ray imaging?
What is the modern term for X-ray imaging?
In his research, Tesla devised several experimental setups to produce what?
What did Tesla use to produce bremsstrahlung?
In what year did Tesla begin experimenting with X-ray imaging?
What did Tesla use to produce bremsstrahlung?
What type of rays did Tesla believe his circuits would enable one to generate?
What did Tesla incorrectly believe about X-rays?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of skin damage?
What did Tesla believe was caused by ozone generated in contact with the skin?
What did Tesla note the hazards of working with?
Where can plasma waves occur?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of skin damage?
What did Tesla believe X-rays to be?
Where can plasma waves occur?
Where did Tesla note the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices?
Who was the Westinghouse engineer who developed an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor?
In what year did Westinghouse begin branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What company started branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What device did Tesla use to demonstrate how to make a copper egg stand on end?
Who explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor?
In what year did the New York Herald Tribune publish an article on Tesla?
What did a minute particle break off the cathode, pass out of the tube, and do to Tesla?
How did Tesla feel when a particle hit him?
What did Tesla compare his "electric gun" to?
Along with the Franklin Institute and the National Electric Light Association, what organization did Tesla lecture for?
What device was used in the further development of radio?
Where was the National Electric Light Association located?
In what year did Tesla demonstrate a radio-controlled boat?
What did Tesla call his radio-controlled boat?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his "teleautomaton"?
During what event did Tesla demonstrate his radio-controlled boat?
What animal was used to pilot Tesla's boat?
In what year was Tesla granted patents for a system of transmitting electrical energy?
Who was the first to achieve radio transmission?
In what year did Guglielmo Marconi make his first transatlantic radio transmission?
In what year did the Supreme Court of the United States restore the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
Who restored the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge and John Stone?
In what year did Tesla move to Colorado Springs?
What city did Tesla say he was transmitting signals from Pikes Peak to?
When did Tesla perform his first experiments at his Colorado Springs lab?
How long was Tesla's first spark length?
What type of electricity did Tesla investigate?
What type of waves did Tesla observe?
What did Tesla believe about the earth?
What type of energy did he produce?
How long was the discharges of artificial lightning?
How far away was the thunder from Cripple Creek, Colorado?
What happened to light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab?
What type of insects were electrified?
What did Tesla cause?
What happened to the dynamos in a power house six miles away?
What caused the dynamos in a power house six miles away to burn out?
What did the sparks do to the insulation?
What did Tesla conclude the signals from his receiver may be?
What planet did reporters think Tesla was hearing signals from?
Who wrote the article "Talking With Planets"?
What did Tesla do in July 1899?
When did Marconi's European experiments take place?
How much did John Jacob Astor IV invest in Tesla in 1899?
Why did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000?
What did Tesla use the money for?
In what year did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000 in Tesla?
In what year did Tesla leave Colorado Springs?
What happened to Tesla's lab in 1904?
In what year was Tesla's lab torn down?
What happened to Tesla's lab after it was torn down?
What was the name of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility that Tesla established?
What was Wardenclyffe?
Where was Wardenclyffe located?
Who did Tesla ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter?
What event caused Tesla to ask Morgan for more money?
What was Morgan's reaction to Tesla's request for more money?
How many letters did Tesla write to Morgan?
What did Tesla ask for in his letters to Morgan?
What ended Tesla's relationship with Morgan?
How tall was Wardenclyffe?
How many horsepower was Tesla's 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine?
How fast was Tesla's bladeless turbine?
In what year did Tesla celebrate his 50th birthday?
At what horsepower were Tesla's bladeless turbine engines tested?
What type of power did Tesla use to create his oscillator?
Where was Tesla experimenting with mechanical oscillators?
What happened to Tesla's oscillator as the speed grew?
What did Allan L. Benson publish in 1912?
What did Tesla say would happen to the earth?
What did Tesla theorize enhanced intelligence?
How did Tesla hope to make dull students bright?
Who was the superintendent of New York City schools in 1912?
What was William H. Maxwell's job?
Where did Tesla seek investors before World War I?
What happened to Tesla's funding after the war started?
What did Tesla do with Wardenclyffe?
How much did Tesla sell Wardenclyffe for?
What award did Tesla receive in 1917?
In what magazine did Tesla postulate that electricity could be used to locate submarines?
What type of screen did Tesla use to view his electricity to locate submarines?
What did Girardeau help develop in the 1930s?
Who helped develop France's first radar system in the 1930s?
Who was the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to?
Who was awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
What were unsubstantiated rumors at the time of the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
A recipient could only decline a Nobel Prize after he is what?
Why are there claims that Edison and Tesla were not given the award?
How many possible bids did Edison receive in 1915?
Who won the prize in 1915?
In what year did Tesla receive one of 38 possible bids?
What was Tesla's last patent?
What type of aircraft did Tesla patent in 1928?
What did Tesla think the plane would sell for?
What type of engines did Tesla propose to use in rotor aircraft?
How much did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla?
What did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla for the rest of his life?
How long did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla's rent?
What was Westinghouse worried about with regards to Tesla's living conditions?
What did Tesla announce a method of transmitting with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance?
In 1935, Tesla announced a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss?
In 1935, Tesla announced a method of transmitting mechanical energy with how much loss over any terrestrial distance?
In 1935, Tesla announced a method of accurately determining the location of what?
When did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance?
What did Tesla do on his regular commute to the cathedral and library?
Who did Tesla refuse to consult after his accident?
What happened to Tesla's ribs in the accident?
When was Tesla able to get up?
When did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker to make his regular commute to the cathedral?
What did Tesla make claims about after studying the Van de Graaff generator?
After studying what generator did Tesla make claims about a "teleforce" weapon?
Along with anti-aircraft purposes, what did Tesla say the Van de Graaff generator could be used against?
Along with ground-based infantry, for what purpose did Tesla say the Van de Graaff generator could be used?
What did the press call the Van de Graaff generator?
In what year did Tesla speak about the death ray?
When did Tesla talk about the death ray?
What kind of pellets did Tesla use for his death ray?
How is the death ray accelerated?
How much time will pass before Tesla can give the death ray to the world?
The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media was about what?
Where is The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media located?
In what city is the Nikola Tesla Museum located?
How many volts of volts did Tesla say he could charge particles to in his treatise?
What did Tesla believe a superweapon would put an end to?
What did Tesla say efforts were made to do to his invention?
Where was the blueprint for the teleforce weapon?
What had been scrutinized in Tesla's room?
How old was Tesla when he died?
When did Tesla die?
Who found Tesla's body?
What sign did Alice Monaghan ignore to enter Tesla's room?
What was the cause of Tesla's death?
What did the FBI do with Tesla's belongings?
Who was called in to analyze Tesla's belongings?
What did John G. Trump conclude about Tesla's belongings in OAP custody?
Where was Tesla's estate transported to?
Who read the eulogy for Tesla?
Who wrote the eulogy for Tesla?
On what date was Tesla's state funeral held?
How many people attended the state funeral for Tesla?
Where was Tesla's state funeral held?
Where was Tesla's estate shipped to in 1957?
Who pressured Tesla's nephew to send his entire estate to Belgrade?
Who transported Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade?
Where was Tesla's estate shipped to in 1957?
Where are Tesla's ashes displayed?
How many patents did Tesla obtain worldwide?
How many countries have Tesla's patents been accounted for?
In addition to the United States, Britain, and Canada, what other country did many of Tesla's patents come from?
Where have some of Tesla's patents been found?
At what time did Tesla have dinner?
What time did Tesla work every day?
When did Tesla end his work?
Who did Tesla call to order his dinner?
How many miles did Tesla walk each day?
What did Tesla walk for?
What did Tesla do one hundred times for each foot every night?
What did Tesla say that squishing his toes one hundred times a night stimulated?
What did Tesla say he did not believe in?
Who was Arthur Brisbane?
How many fundamental laws did Tesla believe could be reduced to?
What animal did Tesla feed every day?
How much did Tesla spend to fix a pigeon?
What did Tesla fix the pigeon with?
At the end of his life, where did Tesla feed pigeons?
Where did Tesla bring injured pigeons to nurse back to health?
What was Tesla's weight from 1888 to 1926?
How tall was Tesla?
During what years did Tesla have almost no weight variance?
In what city did Tesla live?
How many languages did Tesla speak?
What did blinding flashes of light appear before Tesla's eyes?
What technique did Tesla use to visualize an invention before moving to the construction stage?
What did Tesla suffer from when he was sick?
What type of memory did Tesla supposedly have?
How long did Tesla spend at a gaming table?
How long did Tesla work at his laboratory?
Where was Tesla's second year of study?
Who confirmed that Tesla rarely slept?
What was Swezey's profession?
What did Tesla say was very helpful to his scientific abilities?
Who was madly in love with Tesla?
When did Tesla tell a reporter that he felt he made too great a sacrifice to his work?
Who was Tesla's loyal secretary?
Who described Tesla as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force"?
What was Tesla prone to do with his work?
What type of person was Tesla?
Who was Julian Hawthorne?
Who did Tesla become a close friend of in middle age?
Where did Mark Twain and Tesla spend a lot of time together?
When did Tesla befriend George Sylvester Viereck?
What did Tesla express disgust for?
What position did Tesla fire because of her weight?
Why did Tesla fire a secretary?
What did Tesla tell a subordinate to do?
What did Tesla believe could only exist in an experimental vacuum?
What concept did Tesla believe transmitted electrical energy?
What did Tesla believe an all pervasive ether did?
In what century did Tesla believe in an all pervasive "ether" that transmitted electrical energy?
Tesla was critical of what theory of relativity?
How did Tesla feel about theories about the conversion of matter into energy?
Tesla was critical of Einstein's theory of what?
In 1937, Tesla claimed to have completed a dynamic theory of what?
When did Tesla start working on his theory?
What type of space did Tesla say his theory would put an end to idle speculations and false conceptions?
At what age did Tesla die?
Tesla was a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of what?
What did Tesla believe the natural workings of nature were?
What did Tesla believe had interfered with the natural workings of nature?
In what year did Tesla speak about eugenics?
Who did Tesla believe would become the dominant sex in the future?
In what year did Tesla say that humanity's future would be run by "Queen Bees"?
What did Tesla believe humanity's future would be run by?
In what environment did Tesla make predictions?
What are the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War?
When was Tesla's article published?
What organization did Tesla believe was not a remedy for the times and issues?
What religion was Tesla raised in?
What type of religion did Tesla oppose?
What religions did Tesla have a profound respect for?
What was the name of Tesla's article published in 1937?
What are Tesla's religious views?
What did Tesla say he wanted to end?
What did Tesla write for magazines and journals?
What type of publications did Tesla write for?
Who wrote My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla?
Where are many of Tesla's writings freely available?
In what year was the article "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy" published?
In what book was the article "Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency" published?
In what type of literature is the impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla a recurring theme?
Where has Tesla's legacy endured?
In how many types of science fiction is the impact of Tesla's technologies a recurring theme?
What magazine featured Tesla on its cover on his 75th birthday?
On what date did Time magazine put Tesla on its cover?
What was Tesla's contribution to?
What famous scientist congratulated Tesla on his 75th birthday?
How many pioneers of science and engineering congratulated Tesla on his 75th birthday?
What branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their what?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying what according to their inherent difficulty?
Why is a problem regarded as inherently difficult?
What does computational complexity theory introduce to study problems?
What are two examples of resources needed to solve a problem?
What is used in circuit complexity?
What is one of the roles of computational complexity theory?
What are two closely related fields in theoretical computer science?
What is a key distinction between computational complexity theory and computability theory?
What theory asks what kind of problems can, in principle, be solved algorithmically?
What theory asks what kind of problems can, in principle, be solved algorithmically?
What is the input string for a computational problem referred to as?
In computational complexity theory, what refers to the abstract question to be solved?
What type of utterance can serve as the input for a decision problem?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of what?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with what?
How many kilometres does the traveling salesman problem require?
What is an example of a quantitative answer to the traveling salesman problem?
What type of problems does complexity theory address?
What is a string over an alphabet?
What can integers be represented in?
What are strings that are over an alphabet called?
In what notation can integers be represented?
How can graphs be encoded directly?
What is one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory?
A decision problem is a special type of computational problem whose answer is either what?
What is an alternate answer to a decision problem?
A decision problem is a special type of computational problem whose answer is either what or no?
A decision problem is a special type of computational problem whose answer is either what or no?
What is an example of a decision problem?
What is associated with a decision problem?
What does one have to decide to obtain a precise definition of a decision problem?
What is a function problem?
What is expected for every input in a function problem?
What is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input?
Along with the traveling salesman problem, what is an example of a function problem?
What is the output of a function problem more like than a decision problem?
What can be recast as function problems?
The multiplication of two integers can be expressed as what?
What is one way to measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem?
The running time may, in general, depend on what?
How is the time required to solve a problem calculated?
The size of the input is usually taken to be the size of what?
Complexity theory is interested in how algorithms scale with what?
What thesis says that a problem can be solved with a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm?
What can be expressed as a function of n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
What is the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
If T(n) is a polynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be a what?
What is a mathematical model of a general computing machine?
If a problem can be solved by what, there exists a Turing machine that solves the problem?
What is the most commonly used model in complexity theory?
A Turing machine manipulates what contained on a strip of tape?
What is the most basic Turing machine?
A deterministic Turing machine uses a fixed set of what to determine its future actions?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism?
What are algorithms that use random bits called?
Many types of Turing machines are used to define what?
When resources are bounded, some Turing machines may be more powerful than others?
Along with deterministic Turing machines, what types of Turing machines are used to define complexity classes?
What is an example of a machine model different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines?
What can be converted to another model without providing any extra?
What types of consumption of alternate models may vary?
What do all these models have in common?
What type of Turing machine is a computational model that is allowed to branch out to check many different possibilities at once?
Some computational problems are easier to analyze in terms of what?
What does a non-deterministic Turing machine capture?
What is a very important resource in analyzing computational problems?
What is the total number of steps that a deterministic Turing machine makes before it halts and outputs the answer?
 complexity theory is interested in classifying problems based on their what?
What is the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine denoted by?
A Turing machine M is said to operate within what amount of space?
Time and space are the most well-known what?
What can any complexity measure be viewed as?
What are complexity measures generally defined by?
What are generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What are generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What are the three ways of measuring time complexity of different inputs of the same size?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different inputs of the same size?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring what complexity of different inputs of the same size?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different what?
What solves the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input?
What is the worst case when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order?
What is the worst-case time for a deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort?
What is the minimum amount of time required by?
What field of study does analyzing a particular algorithm fall under?
What makes a statement about all possible algorithms?
What is the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm?
Lower bounds make a statement about what?
What notation hides constant factors and smaller terms?
What does the big O notation hide?
What would one write in big O notation if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40?
The big O notation makes bounds independent of the specific details of what?
What have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework?
Some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into what?
What do some complexity classes have that do not fit into this framework?
What does bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f(n) often yields complexity classes that depend on?
In what time can the language {xx | x is any binary string} be solved on a multi-tape Turing machine?
In what model does quadratic time require?
What thesis states that the time complexities in any two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related?
What is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time?
What can be bound by an algorithm?
What can be used to define many important complexity classes?
What can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm?
What are three important complexity classes defined using probabilistic Turing machines?
AC and NC are defined using what kind of circuits?
BQP and QMA are defined using what type of Turing machines?
What is an important complexity class of counting problems?
IP and AM are defined using what type of proof systems?
What does relaxing the requirements on define a bigger set of problems?
What is DTIME(n) contained in?
What is the answer to such questions for time and space requirements?
What do hierarchy theorems induce?
What can we make about how much more additional time or space is needed in order to increase the number of problems that can be solved?
What form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes?
The time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in what?
Where is L strictly contained in the space hierarchy theorem?
What is a transformation of one problem into another problem?
A reduction is a transformation of one problem into what?
What does X do to Y?
Along with Cook reductions, what are two other types of reductions?
 polynomial-time reductions or log-space reductions are examples of what?
What is the most commonly used reduction?
What can the problem of squaring an integer be reduced to?
How long does the reduction process take?
What can be given to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm?
Squaring is not more difficult than what algorithm?
What does the notion of hard problems depend on?
How is a problem X hard for a class of problems C?
An algorithm for X allows us to do what?
The set of problems that are hard for NP is the set of what?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What class ofcomplete problems contains the most difficult problems?
What would being able to reduce a known NP-complete problem to another problem indicate?
What class ofcomplete problems contains the most difficult problems?
What is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm?
What is the hypothesis that the complexity class P is a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm called?
What complexity class contains many problems that people would like to solve efficiently, but for which no efficient algorithm is known?
What is an example of a problem that people would like to solve efficiently, but for which no efficient algorithm is known?
What are special non-deterministic Turing machines?
If the answer is yes, many important problems can be shown to have what?
What is an example of a problem in biology that can be solved if P equals NP?
How much is the prize for resolving the P versus NP problem?
Who showed that if P ≠ NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete?
What are problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete called?
Along with the discrete logarithm problem and integer factorization problem, what is an example of an NP-intermediate problem?
What is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
If the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level, it is believed that graph isomorphism is what?
If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, what collapses to its second level?
If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to what level?
Who created the best algorithm for the graph isomorphism problem?
What is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer?
The integer factorization problem is the problem of deciding whether the input has a factor less than what?
What does the RSA algorithm form the basis of?
What is the best known algorithm for integer factorization?
Many known complexity classes are what?
What is possible that P = PSPACE?
What are RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, PH?
What would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory?
What is the class containing complement problems?
What is a complement problem?
If the two complexity classes are not equal then P is not equal to NP?
What has been shown if the two complexity classes are not equal?
What is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
What is not known about L?
NL and NC are examples of what?
What are two complexity classes between P and L?
What is not known about NL and NC?
What are problems that can be solved in theory but which in practice take too long for their solutions to be useful?
What might be unusable in practice?
If NP is not the same as P, what are also intractable?
What is an example of a decision problem that is not in P?
What has happened to the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic?
Algorithms can solve what over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time?
How quickly can algorithms solve the NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes?
SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of what problem?
What did researchers do before the actual research on algorithmic problems started?
Who created the definition of Turing machines?
What did Alan Turing define in 1936?
In what year did Alan Turing define Turing machines?
What did Alan Turing's definition of Turing machines simplify?
What is the name of the seminal paper written by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns?
Who wrote the seminal paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?
In what year was "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
What did Hartmanis and Stearns define?
In what year was "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
Who wrote the definition of linear bounded automata?
When was Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets published?
Who wrote a paper on real-time computations in 1962?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems regularly assume some concrete choice of what?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems regularly assume some concrete choice of what?
Who developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms?
What is the name of Manuel Blum's important result?
What was the name of Richard Karp's 1972 paper?
How many diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems did Karp show were NP-complete?
What is the course of study that a teacher provides called?
What is the science of teaching?
In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials from what?
What do teachers use to facilitate student learning?
Where is the role of teacher often carried out?
A teacher's role may vary among what?
Along with literacy, what type of education can a teacher provide?
Along with literacy and numeracy, vocational training, religion, civics, community roles, and life skills, what type of training can a teacher provide?
Along with literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, what type of education can a teacher provide?
What is an example of a transient or ongoing teacher?
In some countries, formal education can take place through what?
In some countries, what type of education can take place through home schooling?
What type of role can a teacher occupy in home schooling?
In addition to a teacher, what else can be used in a community setting?
Gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors, youth pastors and lamas are examples of what type of teachers?
What type of texts can gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas teach?
What religious texts can religious and spiritual teachers teach?
What are gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas?
What is teaching within the family called?
Who is responsible for formal teaching in some societies?
What is another name for CPA?
In addition to homeschooling, where else can a student be taught?
Who is responsible for formal teaching in some societies?
Outside of the classroom, what do teachers help with the organization of?
What type of activities can a teacher serve as a supervisor for?
What do teachers supervise outside of the classroom?
Who may accompany students on field trips, supervise study halls, and help with the organization of school functions?
Around the world many governments operate what?
What is the purpose of a teacher's college?
Who are teacher's colleges generally established to serve and protect?
What is a body designed to preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of?
What do teacher's colleges enforce?
In many situations teachers in publicly funded schools must be what?
What does a teacher's college conduct hearings on?
What type of college is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
What type of college is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
What type of college is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
In what type of environment can a teacher facilitate student learning?
A teacher who teaches on an individual basis may be described as what?
In addition to a school, what is an example of an environment in which a teacher can help a student learn?
What does a teacher do in education?
What type of approach is typically used to teach?
What are different ways to teach often referred to as?
What do teachers often accompany students on outside of the classroom?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
The rise of what technology has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What is an example of a practical goal of a teacher?
A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by who?
What type of disabilities can a teacher deal with?
What is an example of an age in which a teacher may interact with students?
What type of curricula may a teacher follow?
Teaching using pedagogy also involve assessing the educational levels of the students on what?
Where does the real bulk of learning take place?
What does a teacher do to timid students?
What does a teacher do to cocky students?
What is the function of a teacher to get rookies off the bench?
What is the most significant difference between primary school and secondary school teaching?
What does a primary school teacher teach?
What type of teachers do secondary schools have?
In what type of school does the relationship between children and teachers tend to be closer?
What is another term for a parent in primary school?
What types of approaches do exist for primary education?
What is another name for a platoon system?
How do students derive a strong sense of security?
What is the advantage of a teacher who specializes in one subject?
In what country is the platoon system common?
What has become a new trend amongst educational institutions?
How many teachers are involved in co-teaching?
What does co-teaching focus the student on?
How do two or more teachers work to fulfill the needs of every student?
What does co-teaching provide to a student?
What is the most common form of school discipline?
A teacher was expected to act as what while a child was in school?
What was open to a substitute parent while a child was in school?
What form of school discipline was most common throughout the history of education?
When was a teacher expected to act as a substitute parent?
How common was corporal punishment in the past?
What countries have now banned corporal punishment?
In what country is corporal punishment still lawful?
Who ruled in 1977 that paddling did not violate the US Constitution?
What did corporal punishment cause?
How many US states have banned corporal punishment?
Where are most states that have not banned corporal punishment located?
Is corporal punishment still used to a significant degree in some public schools?
What is used to administer corporal punishment in American schools?
Where is corporal punishment usually given in American schools?
What is an official corporal punishment in some Asian, African, and Caribbean countries?
In what countries is official corporal punishment common?
What is the name of the official corporal punishment in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States?
Where is detention one of the most common punishments?
How do students usually sit during detention?
What do students have to write during detention?
What type of teacher is a modern example of school discipline in North America?
What is positive reinforcement balanced with?
What defines what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior?
What is seen as falling outside of reasonable discipline?
What are teachers expected to do with their students?
Who advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline?
In what region of the world are countries that combine strict discipline with high standards of education?
What do many problems with modern schooling stem from?
What type of discipline do some teachers and parents advocate?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
What is the typical school class size?
What can maintaining order in the classroom divert a teacher from?
What type of students receive disproportionate resources?
What type of students may teachers concentrate their attention on?
What type of students receive disproportionate resources?
Sudbury model democratic schools claim that what can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for whom?
What is the school atmosphere in Sudbury model democratic schools?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools claim about the preservation of public order?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools' proponents argue is a school in which community discipline prevails?
What characteristic of a teacher can affect how students perceive course materials?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition towards the course content transfer to receptive students?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition towards the course content not do?
How do students who had enthusiastic teachers rate them?
Recent research has found a correlation between students' intrinsic motivation to learn and what?
What did students who experienced a very enthusiastic teacher do outside of the classroom?
What type of expressions result in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
What type of studies have shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation?
Nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in college students reporting what levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
Enthusiastic teachers may also lead to students becoming more what in their own learning process?
What may contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm?
What concept may also apply to teacher enthusiasm?
What may contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm?
Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to what?
Enthusiastic teachers are particularly good at creating what relations with their students?
What does academic success include?
What must a teacher guide his student in?
What are closely linked to student-teacher relationships?
What type of teachers are students likely to build stronger relations with?
What type of teachers are students likely to build stronger relations with?
What do teachers spend more time doing?
What type of teacher is shown to invite student participation and decision making?
Along with enthusiasm about teaching and enthusiasm about the subject matter, what is the third most important aspect of teacher enthusiasm?
What type of teacher can be very influential in a young students life?
A spark in the teacher may create a spark of excitement in what other person?
An enthusiastic teacher has the ability to be what in the young students life?
What must a teacher enjoy doing?
What has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts?
What percentage of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country did the American Association of University Women report that 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
When did 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
Who did a study on sexual misconduct by teachers?
In what country did a study show a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional?
What professions were included in the study in England?
How many people were included in the British study?
Which study posed questions about fourteen types of sexual harassment and various degrees of frequency?
In what country has Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct?
What has Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau caused?
What has led to several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession?
Who is the general secretary of the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers?
Who has been outraged by Chris Keates' comments?
What has fear of being labelled a pedophile or hebephile led to in some jurisdictions?
What should teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent not be placed on?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health?
What is an occupational hazard for teachers?
Teachers are also at high risk for what?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health?
What percentage of UK teachers experienced occupational stress in 2000?
In what country did a 2000 study find that 42% of teachers experienced occupational stress?
What was the rate of occupational stress for UK teachers in 2000?
In what year did a study find that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers?
A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than who?
How many ways are there to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
What can be used to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
What type of interventions are used to relieve occupational stress among teachers?
What can organizational interventions help to reduce?
What can be used to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
In almost all countries teachers are educated in what?
What do governments require of teachers before they can teach in a school?
In many countries, what is earned after completion of high school?
What do many educational institutions require prospective teachers to pass to be able to teach in classroom?
What country requires a background check and psychiatric evaluation to be able to teach in classroom?
Who is responsible for education in Australia?
How many tiers does education in Australia follow?
What is the third tier of education in Australia?
What are the three tiers of education in Australia?
What type of education does the three-tier model include?
What is required to teach in Canada?
What is required to become a qualified teacher in most provinces?
Who funds a private school in Canada?
In Germany, teachers are mainly recruited in special university classes by whom?
What are special university classes called in Germany?
What are elementary schools called in Germany?
What does the salary of teachers depend on?
What is the name of the higher level secondary school in Germany?
What is also given for teaching through the Irish language?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher in Ireland?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher in Ireland?
What is the average salary for a principal of a large school in Ireland?
Who are teachers required to be registered with?
Under what section of the Teaching Council Act 2001 can a person not be paid from Oireachtas funds?
In what year was Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act passed?
A person who is not registered with the Teaching Council may not be paid from what?
In what year was Garda vetting introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession?
Who has Garda vetting been introduced for since 2006?
How will existing staff be vetted?
Who cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role?
What was the average salary for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers in September 2007?
What can cause some salaries to go much higher?
What is the annual salary of a preschool teacher?
What must a teacher in state schools have in order to be hired?
In what month and year did salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers range from £20,133 to £41,004?
What do many counties offer to attract people into teaching?
What are many counties offering alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching?
How will opportunities vary by geographic area and subject taught?
What is expected as retirements outweigh slowing enrollment growth?
What type of teacher is most likely to retire?
Who must anyone wishing to teach in Scotland register with?
What is an all graduate profession in Scotland?
How many Scottish Universities offer Initial Teacher Education?
What does the GTCS call it when a student has successfully completed their Initial Teacher Education?
When is "Provisional Registration" raised to "Full Registration" status?
When did the salary year begin for unpromoted teachers in Scotland?
How many unpromoted teachers in Scotland earned in April 2008?
How much did unpromoted teachers earn after 6 years of teaching?
What can unpromoted teachers in Scotland earn up to £39,942 after 6 years of teaching?
What can teachers in Scotland be registered members of?
Where is education in the United Kingdom different from education elsewhere in the UK?
In 2008/09, 22 per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used what as the sole or main medium of instruction?
How long are lessons in the language compulsory for all pupils in Wales?
In 2008/09, what percentage of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction?
Welsh medium education is available to whom?
What are ATL, NUT or NASUWT?
Is the average age of teachers in Wales rising or falling?
When did attacks on teachers in Welsh schools reach an all-time high?
What are ATL, NUT or NASUWT?
What is a growing cause of?
Who determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools?
How long can a teaching certificate last?
What type of degree are public school teachers required to have?
What type of schools do not require teachers to be certified?
Many charter schools do not require that their teachers be certified, provided they meet the standards set by what?
What have teachers been paid in the past?
What has improved rapidly in recent years?
What does a teacher with a bachelor's degree and a certificate have?
Who had the lowest median salary earning $39,259?
What website allows teachers to sell their lesson plans?
How many forms of spiritual or religious teachers are there in Christianity?
What is the most individualistic denomination of Christianity?
How often is a Confessor a bishop?
What are the three major traditions of Christianity?
What is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
Who can fill the role of spiritual teacher in the LDS Church?
What type of guidance is offered by those holding the office of Patriarch?
Who is expected to provide spiritual guidance for all of his family?
Who are Priesthood representatives expected to defer to when in his home?
In Hinduism, what is a spiritual teacher known as?
How high is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship in Hinduism?
Who do gurus often exercise a great deal of control over?
In what part of the world are many traditions of Hinduism common?
What are the teachers of Dharma in Tibet most commonly called?
A Lama who has consciously determined to do what is called a Tulku?
A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, is called what?
How many times is a Tulku reborn?
How is a Lama determined to be reborn?
Who can render legal verdicts upon matters of Islamic law?
Who can render legal verdicts upon matters of Islamic law?
In what Islamic tradition is the position of spiritual teacher more important?
What is another term for exoteric?
What is the highest title of a spiritual teacher in Sufism?
In what language did Martin Luther speak?
When did Martin Luther die?
What church did Martin Luther reject?
What did Martin Luther believe could be purchased with money?
What did the Pope do to Martin Luther?
What did Luther believe salvation to be?
What did Luther believe was the only way to receive God's grace?
Who did Luther challenge the authority of?
What is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What did Luther consider baptized Christians to be?
What was translated into the vernacular?
What version of the German language did his translation of the Bible foster?
What is the name of the English translation of the German Bible?
What did his hymns influence the development of?
What did his marriage to Katharina von Bora allow?
When was Martin Luther born?
Where was Martin Luther born?
What empire was Eisleben, Saxony a part of?
What religion was Martin Luther baptized as?
What did Hans Luther want his eldest son to become?
What university did he enter in 1501?
What was the University of Erfurt described as?
When did he have to wake up every morning?
What type of learning did he endure at the University of Erfurt?
In what year did he receive his master's degree?
What type of school did Luther drop out of?
Why did Luther drop out of law school?
What two areas of study did Luther want assurances about life?
How did Luther test everything himself?
Why did Luther believe that reason could not lead men to what?
What did Luther say he was terrified of?
On what date did Luther decide to become a monk?
Where did Luther go after leaving law school?
What did one friend blame for Luther's decision to become a monk?
What did his father see as a waste of?
What order did Luther dedicate himself to?
What did Luther describe his time in the Augustinian Order as?
What did Luther make of Christ?
Who was Luther's superior?
What did Luther believe was true repentance?
In what year was Luther ordained to the priesthood?
Who was the first dean of the University of Wittenberg?
In what year did Luther receive a bachelor's degree in Biblical studies?
On what date did Luther receive his bachelor's degree?
What book did Luther receive a bachelor's degree in in 1509?
When was he awarded his Doctor of Theology?
On what date did he receive his Doctor of Theology?
What position did he hold at the University of Wittenberg?
Where did he spend the rest of his career?
What degree did he receive on October 19, 1512?
In what year was Johann Tetzel sent to Germany to sell indulgences?
What did Johann Tetzel sell indulgences to raise money for?
What church stated that faith alone cannot justify man?
What does the Roman Catholic Church believe justification depends on?
What does the Roman Catholic Church believe justification depends on?
When did Martin Luther write to his bishop, Albert of Mainz?
Who was the bishop of Mainz?
What did Martin Luther's letter to Albert of Mainz come to be known as?
Who wrote that Luther had no intention of confronting the church?
Which of The Ninety-Five Theses asks why does the pope build the basilica of St. Peter with the money of poor believers rather than with his own money?
Who said "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
As soon as what rings, the soul from purgatory springs?
Who objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
Who said "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs"?
Who was responsible for granting forgiveness?
What did he say indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments?
What did he say indulgences absolved buyers from?
What should Christians not slacken in following Christ on account of?
Who must not slacken in following Christ on account of false assurances?
Who overstated the matter in regard to indulgences for the dead?
What was Tetzel known for?
What did Tetzel overstate the matter of?
What did Tetzel say was in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What story has little foundation in truth?
According to scholars Walter Krämer, Götz Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause, what story has little foundation in truth?
Who made comments on the story of the posting on the door?
Where was Philipp Melanchthon at the time of the posting?
According to scholars Walter Krämer, Götz Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause, the story of the posting on the door has what?
When did friends of Luther translate the 95 Theses into German?
The 95 Theses controversy was one of the first in history to be aided by what?
Who translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Germany?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Europe?
When did Luther's writings begin to reach France, England, and Italy?
Who came to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak?
What part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive?
In what year were three of Luther's best-known works published?
Which of Luther's works was published in 1520?
What did Luther do from 1510 to 1520?
What terms did Luther view the Catholic Church in new ways?
What did Luther believe the Catholic church was?
What did Luther believe the Catholic church had lost sight of?
What did Luther call God's act of declaring a sinner righteous?
Luther came to understand justification as entirely the work of who?
In what year was On the Bondage of the Will published?
What did Luther consider faith to be?
Where did Luther explain his concept of justification?
What did Luther discover about the righteousness of God?
What was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What did Luther railing against?
Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" was the first of how many points?
Who did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses?
Where did Luther send the 95 Theses?
What did Albrecht need to pay off for his tenure of more than one bishopric?
How much money was to go to the building of St Peter's Church in Rome?
When did Luther send his 95 Theses to Rome?
Who was used to reformers and heretics?
Who did Pope Leo X use against Luther?
When did Luther say he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church?
What did historistical interpretation of Bible prophecy conclude that the papacy was?
What was Cajetan's original plan to do to Luther?
When did the papal nuncio Karl von Miltitz adopt a more conciliatory approach?
What did Luther promise to do if his opponents did not agree with him?
Who branded Luther a new Jan Hus?
What scripture did Luther say did not confer on popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture?
What did Eck call Luther?
When was the papal bull Exsurge Domine issued?
What did Luther have to do to avoid being excommunicated?
How long did the Pope want Luther to recant the 95 Theses?
Who was the papal nuncio who tried to broker a solution for Luther?
When was Luther excommunicated by Pope Leo X?
The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses fell to who?
When did Luther appear before the Diet of Worms?
The Diet of Worms was a general assembly of what?
Who presided over the Diet of Worms?
Who was the Elector of Saxony?
Who was the assistant of the Archbishop of Trier?
Who was Johann Eck's assistant?
What did Luther do with the books he was presented with?
When did Luther give his response to the question?
What was Luther's response to the question of whether or not he was the author of the books?
What did Luther do at the end of his speech?
What did Luther raise his arm in the traditional salute of?
Who considers Luther's speech as a "world classic of epoch-making oratory"?
What type of oratory does Mullett consider Luther's speech to be?
What did Luther refuse to do?
Who refused to recant his writings?
How are the words inserted before "May God help me" recorded in witness accounts?
What type of words did Mullett believe Luther would tend to select?
What was held to determine Luther's fate?
When was the final draft of the Edict of Worms presented?
Who presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms?
What did the Edict of Worms require of Luther?
What did the Edict of Worms allow anyone to do without legal consequence?
What was planned during Luther's return trip back to Wittenberg?
Where did Frederick III escort Luther to?
What did Luther call the castle at Wartburg?
What book did Luther translate from Greek into German?
How did Albrecht respond to Luther's attack on him?
What did Luther argue that every good work designed to attract God's favor is?
How can God's grace be earned?
When did Luther write to Melanchthon?
What did Luther tell Melanchthon to do to make his sins stronger?
What did Luther say this life is not a place where?
When did Luther widen his target from individual pieties to doctrines at the heart of Church practices?
In On the Abrogation of the Private Mass, what did Luther do to the idea that the mass is a sacrifice?
In On the Abrogation of the Private Mass, Luther asserted that the mass is what?
What did Luther encourage?
What did Luther say monks and nuns could do without sin?
What did Luther place the foundations of the Reformation on?
In what year did Luther deal with prophecy?
In what books did Luther focus on the Little Horn prophecy?
What prophecy did Luther focus on in 1521?
What was identified as the power of the Papacy in 2 Thessalonians 2?
Who supported Andreas Karlstadt?
When did Andreas Karlstadt begin a radical program of reform at Wittenberg?
What did Karlstadt's reforms provoke?
What group of zealots arrived at Wittenberg after Christmas in 1521?
Who asked Luther to return to Wittenberg?
When did Luther return to Wittenberg?
What did Luther use to repair the ravages of Satan?
What did Luther do for eight days in Lent?
What were the eight sermons preached by Luther called?
What did Luther tell the citizens to do to bring about necessary change?
What was the effect of Luther's intervention?
Who wrote to the elector after the sixth sermon?
When did Jerome Schurf write to the elector?
What emotion did Jerome Schurf feel after Martin's return?
What type of people did Martin's words bring back every day?
What did Luther work with the authorities to restore?
What type of force did Luther become during the Reformation?
Who did Luther banish?
What did the radical reformers threaten the new order by fomenting?
Who did Luther face a battle against after banishing the Zwickau prophets?
What was Nicholas Storch's profession?
What was the name of the war that took place in 1524-25?
When was the German Peasants' War?
What did many peasants believe Luther would do?
Who did peasants believe Luther would support an attack on?
Who did Luther remind the aggrieved to obey?
Where did Luther become enraged at the burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries?
In Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants, Luther called the rebels what?
What did Luther call the violence against the peasants?
Who did Luther call on to put down the rebels?
How did Luther justify his opposition to the rebels?
What did Luther believe the rebels were doing by choosing violence over lawful submission?
Who did Paul say all authorities are appointed by?
What doctrine is based on the reference from the Bible?
How did Luther believe the peasants deserved to die?
What did Luther do that caused many rebels to lay down their weapons?
Who defeated the rebels at the Battle of Frankenhausen?
When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?
What brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close?
Luther's Reformation flourished under the wing of who?
Who did Martin Luther marry?
How were the nuns smuggled out of the convent?
How old was Katharina when she married Martin Luther?
How old was Martin Luther when he married Katharina von Bora?
When did Martin Luther marry Katharina von Bora?
On what date was the couple engaged?
On what day was the couple married by Bugenhagen?
What was left out of the wedding?
On what date were the wedding banquet and walk to the church made up?
Who married the couple on June 13, 1525?
What did Luther's wedding set on clerical marriage?
What type of marriage did Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on?
Why did Luther condemn vows of celibacy?
What did Luther expect?
What did Melanchthon call Luther's decision to marry?
What was the name of the former monastery that Luther and his wife moved into?
Where did Luther and his wife live?
How many children did Luther and his wife have?
What did Luther say he would not exchange his poverty for?
What did Katharina do for a living?
What did Luther's Biblical ideal of congregations fail to work?
What did Luther establish from 1525 to 1529?
What type of worship service did Luther lay down?
How many catechisms did Luther write?
What type of thought is Luther's thought?
What did Luther avoid to avoid confusing or upsetting the people?
Where did Luther concentrate on the church?
What did Luther act as to churches in new territories?
Who was the new elector of Saxony?
What did Martin Brecht say was the beginning of a questionable and originally unintended development towards a church government?
When did Luther publish his German Mass?
What did Luther not intend his German Mass to replace?
Who did Luther want to reach with his German Mass?
What did Luther omit from the Catholic service?
What did the optional trappings of the German Mass allow?
When did the visitation of the Electorate of Saxony begin?
During what event did Luther introduce the new order of worship?
Along with pastoral care, what did Luther assess the standard of in Saxony?
What did Luther say the common people had little knowledge of?
What did Luther say many pastors were well-nigh unskilled and what?
What method did Luther use to impart the basics of Christianity to congregations?
In what year did Luther write the Large Catechism?
Who did Luther write the Large Catechism for?
Who was the Small Catechism meant to be memorised by?
What did Luther incorporate in the catechism?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
What did Luther plan to collect?
Along with the Bondage of the Will, what is one of Luther's most personal works?
Which of Luther's works has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching?
Along with Luther's hymns and the Small Catechism, what book did Luther translate?
Which of Luther's catechism was especially effective in helping parents teach their children?
Which of Luther's catechisms was most effective for pastors?
What language did the Larger Catechism use to express the Apostles' Creed?
How did Luther depict the Trinity?
Where does Salvation originate?
When was Luther's German translation of the New Testament published?
In what year was the whole Bible published?
What part of the Old Testament did Luther finish in 1534?
What word did Luther add to Romans 3:28?
What did Luther say justifies us, and not works?
Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at where?
Luther's translation of the Bible was intelligible to both what types of Germans?
Who did Luther want the Bible to be accessible to?
What did Luther want other people to do with the Bible?
What did Luther want to remove from the Bible to make it more accessible to Germans?
At a time of rising demand for what was the Luther Bible published?
What did Luther's version of the Bible become a popular and influential?
What did the Luther Bible make a significant contribution to?
Who created woodcuts for the Luther Bible that contained anti-papal imagery?
Who translated the Luther Bible into English?
What did Luther do in addition to writing hymns?
What types of music did Luther connect with?
What was Luther's tool of choice for connecting high art and folk music?
What instrument did Luther use to accompany the sung hymns?
What became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century?
Luther's hymns were frequently evoked by what?
Why were Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes martyred?
What hymn did Luther write after learning of the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes?
Who translated the hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an"?
What is the first line of the hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an"?
When was "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" written?
What document did Luther explain in the Small Catechism?
Where did Luther explain the Apostles' Creed in 1529?
Luther's hymn was adapted and expanded from what earlier hymn?
Why do 20th-century Lutherans rarely use "Wir glauben all"?
In what year was "Vater unser im Himmelreich" written?
Luther's 1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in what?
The hymn functioned as a liturgical setting of the Lord's Prayer and as a means of examining candidates on what?
How many revisions does the extant manuscript of the Lord's Prayer show?
Other 16th- and 20th-century versifications of the Lord's Prayer have adopted what?
In what year did Luther write "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir"?
What psalm was "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir" a hymnic version of?
What did Luther want evangelical colleagues to do?
What was the name of the first Lutheran hymnal?
What did the expanded version of "Aus tiefer Not" express?
What hymn became the main hymn for Advent?
What hymn was "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" based on?
What did Luther's "Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ" become?
How many hymns did Luther write on the Ten Commandments?
What is the hymn "Herr Gott, dich loben wir" known as?
Luther's hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" reflects the structure and substance of his questions and answers concerning what?
Who was the tune associated with Psalm 67's prayer for grace?
What is Psalm 67?
What composer used the hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam"?
Where was the Lutheran Reformation held in 1541?
Where were Luther's hymns included?
How many songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch did Luther supply?
How many songs were in the Erfurt Enchiridion?
How many songs were in the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter?
What was the name of the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter?
Who included several verses as chorales in his cantatas?
What type of cantatas did Johann Sebastian Bach base on Luther's hymns?
In what year was Christ lag in Todes Banden written?
When was Bach's second annual cycle?
In what year did Bach write Wär Gott nicht with uns diese Zeit?
What did Luther believe a Christian's soul does after it is separated from the body in death?
What did Luther reject for the saints?
What did Luther believe the saints do in their prepared bedchamber?
What did Luther think of Purgatory?
In what article did Luther describe the saints as currently residing "in their graves and in heaven"?
Who observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians?
Who was one of the later Lutheran theologians who differed from Luther?
Which Lutheran theologian reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy?
When was Lessing born?
Which of Luther's works contains a passage that concludes that the soul does not sleep but wakes (sed vigilat) and experiences visions?
Who argued in 1765 that John Jortin misread Luther's Commentary on Genesis?
In what year did Francis Blackburne argue that John Jortin misread Luther's Commentary on Genesis?
Who pointed out in 1867 that it actually refers to the soul of a man "in this life"?
What did Fritschel say interrupts a man's sleep?
When was the Marburg Colloquy held?
What was Philip I's title?
What did the Marburg Colloquy aim to establish?
How many points of agreement was reached at the Marburg Colloquy?
What was an issue crucial to Luther?
What did the theologians disagree on the significance of at the Last Supper?
What did Luther insist on the Real Presence of in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther call the consecrated bread and wine at the Last Supper?
What did Luther's opponents believe God to be?
How did the debate between Luther and Zwingli sometimes become?
In what year was the Augsburg Confession signed?
What paved the way for the signing in 1530 of the Augsburg Confession?
What league was formed the following the Marburg Colloquy?
Who did not sign these agreements?
Along with John of Saxony and Philip of Hesse, who was a member of the Schmalkaldic League?
Some scholars have asserted that Luther taught that faith and reason were what?
What did Luther believe was the best tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible?
What did Luther say about reason in relation to faith?
What did Luther believe was the best tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible?
What did Luther want to honor by separating faith and reason?
What did Luther write in 1523?
What did Luther lose hope in as the Reformation continued?
Who did Luther believe Jesus Christ was born a Jew?
What group did Luther write against in his later years?
When was Von den Juden und ihren Lügen written?
How did Luther view the Turks?
Why did Luther see the Turks as a scourge?
What did Luther believe the Biblical apocalypse would do to the papacy?
Who did Luther believe to be the antichrist?
By 1529, Luther was actively urging Emperor Charles V and the German people to fight a what?
In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of what?
What did Luther produce after reading the Qur'an?
What religion did Luther call "Mohammedanism"?
What did Luther see the Muslim faith as?
What did Luther want to happen to the Qur'an?
What did Agricola claim God's gospel revealed?
Who preached a sermon in 1537 that claimed that God's gospel not God's moral law revealed God's wrath to Christians?
Who did Agricola claim the law belonged to?
What did Luther write in response to the antinomian theses?
What was the name of the book that Luther wrote in 1539?
What is the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart called?
What is the second use of the law?
What does Luther say is called the law?
What does refusing to preach the Ten Commandments among Christians not do?
According to Luther, what does the church consist of?
What does the third use of the law teach a Christian?
What does Luther say a Christian should follow in his or her vocations on a daily basis?
What is the term for the way the Ten Commandments positively teach how a Christian ought to live?
For Luther, Christ's life is nothing more than what?
What does Luther say a Christian should follow in his or her vocations on a daily basis?
What sacrament is used to renew the life of Christians?
What is a present foreshadowing of the believers' future angel-like life in heaven in the midst of this life?
What does Luther's teaching of the Ten Commandments direct the Christian to do?
What did Philip I want to do with his wife's ladies-in-waiting?
What was Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse implicated in?
Who did Philip I want to marry?
What does Martin Brecht believe happened to Luther as a result of his advice to Philip I?
What did the affair cause to Luther's reputation?
What did the local community do to the Jews?
Who did Luther consider blasphemers and liars?
What did Luther believe the Jews were guilty of?
What did Luther think the Jews rejected?
What did Luther try to do with the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew?
What was the name of Luther's 60,000-word treatise on the Jews?
When was Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi published?
How many years before his death was Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi published?
What did Luther call the Jews?
In Robert Michael's view, Luther's words "We are at fault in not slaying them" amounted to what?
Who did Luther speak out against in Saxony, Brandenburg and Silesia?
Who did Josel blame for the plight of the Jews of Saxony?
What did Martin Luther say that whoever would help the Jews was?
What did Josel ask the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of?
When did riots lead to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What did historians believe contributed to the development of antisemitism in Germany?
What did Luther provide an "ideal underpinning" for the Nazis?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What did Der Stürmer describe On the Jews and their Lies as?
When did seven Protestant regional church confederations issue a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge?
Who was the greatest antisemite of his time?
Who argued that Luther's writing was a "blueprint"?
Who published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht?
What did Bishop Martin Sasse call Luther?
What did some scholars see the Nazis' use of Luther's work as?
What caused Luther to become one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism?
What did Martin Brecht argue that Luther's work provided material for?
When were Luther's writings against the Jews largely ignored?
What was Luther's position on the Jews and Their Lies?
What lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism?
Who wrote that Luther is credited with "Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism"?
What did Paul Rose argue that Luther caused to enter German thought and discourse?
Who used Luther's publications to justify anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists?
What did a large number of German Lutheran clergy and theologians use to justify at least in part the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists?
What could have caused Luther's antisemitic views to develop?
During what time did Luther's antisemitic views develop?
What did Mark U. Edwards say that Luther often deliberately used for effect?
What other groups did Luther write diatribes against?
What book did Mark U. Edwards write in 1983?
When did Lutheran Church denominations repudiate Martin Luther's statements against the Jews?
What did Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans find about Lutherans toward Jews?
Who is the author of Hitler and Nazism?
During what years did Professor Richard (Dick) Geary write an article on who voted for the Nazis?
What happened to Luther from 1531 to 1546?
What scandal resulted from the scandal in which Luther played a leading role?
What did Luther suffer in 1536?
Along with kidney and bladder stones, what caused Luther's ear drum to rupture in 1536?
What disease did Luther begin to feel the effects of in 1544?
What made Luther short-tempered and even harsher in his writings?
What did Luther's poor physical health make him even harsher in?
What type of comments did Luther make in his writings and comments?
Who said to Luther that he was too rude?
How many times did Luther preach in the Market Church?
Where was Luther's place of birth?
When was Luther's last sermon delivered?
Who did Luther want to expel from all German territory?
Where did Luther want to expel the Jews from?
What did Luther pray for the Jews?
Where did Luther go on his final journey?
What did Luther participate in when he went to Mansfeld?
When did Luther travel to Mansfeld twice?
When did Luther visit Mansfeld for a third time?
Who did Luther travel to Mansfeld for?
On what date were the negotiations successfully concluded?
What did Luther experience after 8 a.m.?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
What is "Into your hand I commit my spirit"?
At what time did Luther wake up with more chest pain?
What caused Luther to lose his speech?
When did Luther die?
When did Luther die?
Where was Luther buried?
Who attended Luther's funeral?
What did Luther write on a piece of paper?
In what language was Luther's last statement written?
What was Luther's last statement in German?
In the 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther emphasized his what size?
Who were the images of Luther in contrast to?
How was Luther portrayed in the woodcuts?
What was the ascetic life of the medieval era?
When were printed images of Luther crucial to the spread of Protestantism?
On what date is Luther honored in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints?
In what calendar is Luther commemorated on 18 February?
On what date is Luther commemorated in the Church of England's Calendar of Saints?
In what calendar is Luther commemorated on 31 October?
What happens on 18 February in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints?
What is another name for Southern California?
How many counties are in Southern California?
Southern California is a major what for the state of California?
What are the eight counties of Southern California traditionally described as?
What is the more extensive 10-county definition of SoCal based on?
What is one of the 11 megaregions of the United States?
How many megaregions are in the United States?
Along with Las Vegas, what state does the Southern California Megaregion extend into?
What border does the Southern California Megaregion cross into Tijuana?
What is the southern border of the Southern California Megaregion?
Along what coast does Southern California stretch?
How many metropolitan areas does Southern California have?
How many people live in the Los Angeles area?
What is the largest metropolitan area in Southern California?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What river is at the border with Arizona?
What desert is to the east of the Colorado River?
What desert is at the border with Nevada?
What border is to the south of the Mojave Desert?
In what state is Los Angeles the most populous city?
What is the population of Los Angeles?
What is the most populous city in California?
What is the second most populous city in the state?
In what direction is San Diego located?
What is the most populous county in California?
In what country are the counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside in the top 15 most populous?
What are the five most populous counties in California?
How many most populous counties in the US are in California?
What are the five most populous counties in California?
What district within Los Angeles is associated with the motion picture industry?
Where is the motion picture, television, and music industry centered?
What company owns ABC?
Along with motion picture, television, and music, what industry is centered in Los Angeles?
Along with Universal, Warner Brothers, MGM, Paramount and 20th Century Fox, what major record company is based in Los Angeles?
Along with surf, what sport is popular in southern California?
What famous skateboarder lives in southern California?
What famous snowboarder lives in southern California?
What island is Southern California second only to in terms of famous surf breaks?
What is one of yachting's premier events?
What desert city is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces?
What is one of the most popular attractions of the southern California coast?
What part of the California coast is popular for its beaches?
 Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby what?
What is California's north-south midway point?
How many miles south of San Jose is California's north-south midway point?
How many southern-most counties are in California?
Along with Point Conception, what mountains form the northern boundary of southern California?
What is the name of the area of California that is divided into two?
What country ruled California before the United States?
In what part of California is Los Angeles located?
What is the name of the city in the upper part of Alta California?
What agreement prevented California from becoming its own separate slave state?
The Compromise of 1850 allowed California to be admitted to the Union as what state?
What were Californios dissatisfied with?
In what southern California counties did pro-slavery southerners try three times to achieve statehood?
How many times did Californios and pro-slavery southerners attempt to achieve statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California?
What percentage of voters approved the Pico Act of 1859?
Who was the advocate of the Pico Act of 1859?
What newspaper defined southern California in 1900?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times define southern California?
In what year was Imperial added to the Los Angeles Times list?
What county was added to the Los Angeles Times list in 1999?
How many counties did the Los Angeles Times define southern California as in 1900?
Who most commonly divides California into three regions?
What is another name for the Automobile Club of Southern California?
What is the point of view of the AAA Auto Clubs of the state?
What geographical phrase would split the southern region off at the crest of that transverse range?
What region of California is the desert portions of north Los Angeles County included in?
Where does Southern California rank among the most populated megalopolis in the United States?
What has been left undeveloped in southern California?
What type of communities are in southern California?
Along with automobiles, what is used in southern California?
What type of region is San Diego-Tijuana?
What is the main gap to continued urbanization on Interstate 5?
Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with what other area?
Who considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County?
What county does many commute to Los Angeles?
When did most of the non-desert portions of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties develop?
What type of climate does Southern California have?
What is the weather like in Southern California?
In the summers, what is the range of temperature in Southern California?
How common is snow in the Southwest of the state?
What is the average winter temperature in Southern California?
In what ocean is Southern California located?
What kind of collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes does Southern California have?
Along with geologic, natural, and ecosystem landscapes, what type of landscape does Southern California have?
Along with the Transverse, what mountain range is in Southern California?
What is the interior of Southern California?
How many earthquakes occur each year in the southern California area?
What is the size of most of the earthquakes in the southern California area?
What was the magnitude of the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
What did the 1994 Northridge earthquake cause the most of?
How much property damage did the 1994 Northridge earthquake cause?
What Fault can produce a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?
What is the magnitude of the San Andreas Fault?
What is another name for the San Jacinto Fault?
Who released a California Earthquake forecast?
The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models what?
Along with culturally, politically, and politically, what is Southern California divided into?
What type of recognition does a city have in southern California?
Along with culturally, politically, and politically, what is Southern California divided into?
In what year did the United States Census take place?
What is the reputation of southern California?
What was the state average growth rate in the 2000s?
What type of economy does the Bay Area have?
What is the name of the emerging region in the northern part of California?
What are the eight metropolitan areas in Southern California?
How many extended metropolitan areas are in Southern California?
How many people live in the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area?
What does the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form?
What is the population of the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What is the largest city in southern California?
How many people live in San Diego?
How many cities with more than 200,000 residents are in southern California?
What is the largest population in southern California?
Along with San Bernardino, what is the largest city in southern California?
What is Southern California's economy heavily dependent on?
Along with tourism, what is Southern California famous for?
What was Southern California a leader in from 2001-2007?
What type of economy does Southern California have?
How has Southern California's economy been impacted by the housing crash?
Since what decade have motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing been major industries?
What is one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S.?
Along with cattle, what was a major industry in the region before it was turned into suburbs?
Along with citrus, what was a major industry in the region before it was turned into suburbs?
What industry continues to be a major factor?
What type of district is Downtown Los Angeles?
What does CBD stand for?
Along with Downtown Riverside, Downtown Bakersfield, Downtown Los Angeles, and Downtown San Diego, what is a central business district in Southern California?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach are what type of districts?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale, and Downtown Long Beach are all part of what area?
In what valley is Warner Center located?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach are part of what area?
What type of district is Downtown San Bernardino?
In what city is the Hospitality Business/Financial Centre located?
What is the name of the business district in Downtown San Bernardino?
What county includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts?
Where are international corporations headquartered in Orange County?
In what area of Irvine is the Jamboree Business Parks located?
Along with Downtown Santa Ana and Newport Center, what district is in Orange County?
How rapidly is Orange County developing?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
Where are most of the business districts located?
In what region of San Diego are some of the business districts located?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
What is the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume?
What is Los Angeles International Airport the second-busiest airport in the United States by?
Where does Los Angeles International Airport rank by international passenger volume?
What is the busiest single runway airport in the world?
What is the world's busiest general aviation airport?
What is the name of the commuter rail system?
How many lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
Along with San Bernardino, Riverside, and Riverside, what county is served by Metrolink?
What is the United States' busiest commercial port?
What is the second busiest container port in Southern California?
What part of California is home to the Port of Los Angeles?
What has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base?
What type of university is the Tech Coast known for?
What type of institutions are in the Tech Coast?
How many University of California campuses are in the Tech Coast?
How many California State University campuses are in the Tech Coast?
What league are the Los Angeles Rams and San Diego Chargers in?
What league are the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers in?
What sports league does the Los Angeles Dodgers belong to?
What is the name of the NHL team in Southern California?
What is the name of the Major League Soccer team in Southern California?
What was the name of the MLS team that was suspended after the 2014 season?
How many Major League Soccer teams were in Los Angeles from 2005 to 2014?
In what year was Chivas USA suspended?
Where did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA play?
When is the second MLS team scheduled to return to Los Angeles?
What type of sports are popular in southern California?
What is the name of the school in southern California that has a rivalry with the USC Trojans?
What is the name of the USC football team?
What conference are the UCLA Bruins and USC Trojans in?
In what division are the UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans in?
What is a growing sport in southern California?
At what level is rugby a growing sport in southern California?
What is rugby becoming in southern California?
What is the name of the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
What is the name of the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
In what year did BSkyB acquire Sky Italia?
What was the new name of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc?
What is the name of the United Kingdom operations of BSkyB?
In what year was Setanta Sports awarded two Premier League packages?
How many Premier League packages was Setanta Sports awarded in May 2006?
What company bid £4.2bn for a package of 120 premier league games across the three seasons from 2016?
How much did Sky pay for the remaining four Premier League rights?
What consortium was BSkyB excluded from being a part of?
What is the name of ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement?
How many BSkyB channels were available on Freeview prior to October 2005?
What channel replaced Sky Travel on Freeview?
What was Sky Three re-branded as in 2011?
BSkyB initially charged additional subscription fees for using what with their service?
When did Sky launch a new TV advertising campaign targeting Sky+ at women?
How much can customers who do not subscribe to BSkyB's channels pay to enable Sky+ functions?
When did BSkyB discontinue the Sky+ Box?
What did BSkyB start to issue as standard?
What pay-TV scrambling system does BSkyB use?
Who owns the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system?
What company owns the VideoGuard scrambling system?
Who has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their service?
What is the name of the Personal video recorder offered by BSkyB?
What channels did Virgin Media remove from their network on March 1, 2007?
In what year did BSkyB and Virgin Media become involved in a dispute over carriage of Sky channels on cable TV?
What did Virgin Media claim that BSkyB had done to their channels?
What type of content was not previously carried by cable?
What type of channels did Virgin Media claim BSkyBSkyB's new deal included?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's trademark?
In what year did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's trademark?
What is the new name for SkyDrive?
What is the new name for SkyDrive Pro?
What did Microsoft rename its SkyDrive service to?
Who was the chief executive officer of BSkyB in 1993?
On what satellite did BSkyB's new channels broadcast?
When did BSkyB's analogue service end?
What platform replaced BSkyB's analogue service?
How many households did BSkyB reach by mid-1994?
What was the former name of Sky UK Limited?
What type of company is Sky UK Limited?
How many customers did Sky have as of 2015?
What was the UK's most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Sky?
What is the name of the broadband router in the Sky Q range?
What do the Sky Q Mini set top boxes connect to?
What can all set top boxes in a household do with Sky Q?
In what year will the Sky Q Silver set top box be introduced?
In what year will the Sky Q Silver set top box be introduced?
BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts are in what?
What type of soundtracks are available on Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels?
What is Sky+ HD material broadcast using?
What is the name of the proprietary system used by Sky Interactive services and 7-day EPG?
What standard does most of the Sky+ HD material use?
In what year was Sky Digital launched?
What satellite did Sky Digital use?
What was the name of the first satellite to be used by Sky Digital?
How many channels did Sky Digital have the potential to carry?
Where was the Astra 2A satellite located?
When did BSkyB launch its HDTV service?
How many people had registered to receive the Sky+ HD service prior to its launch?
What company did BSkyB buy its STB from?
How many customers had yet to receive the service due to failed deliveries?
What was the total number of homes with Sky+HD in March 2012?
When did BSkyB announce its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels?
When did Setanta Sports launch as a subscription service?
On what platform did Setanta Sports launch in March?
What was NTL's new name?
What sport did BSkyB plan to offer with its new subscription channels?
What is the term for broadcasts that do not require a monthly subscription?
What does free-to-view require?
What is the name of the receiver that needs to be used to view encrypted content?
What band is the universal LNB?
What service is the VideoGuard UK equipped receiver dedicated to?
In what year were talks held for broadcast rights for the Premier League?
Who was the current rights holder for the Premier League?
How much did ITV increase their offer to keep the Premier League rights?
Who did BSkyB join forces with to make a counter bid?
How much did BSkyB pay for the Premier League rights?
From whom is open access an enforced part of their operating licence?
What is the fee for access to BSkyB's EPG?
Does BSkyB have a veto over the presence of channels on their EPG?
Does BSkyB have control over the channel's content or carriage issues?
Does BSkyB have control over the channel's content or carriage issues?
When was BSkyB's digital service officially launched?
What was the name of BSkyB's digital service?
What was the new name of Open?
What was the original name of ITV Digital?
How many digiboxes did BSkyB sell within 30 days?
In what year was Virgin Media re-branded?
What company was re-branded in 2007 from NTL:Telewest?
What service did Virgin Media use to carry a modest selection of HD content?
What was the only linear HD channel offered by Virgin Media from 2006 to 2009?
What channel did Virgin Media have an option to carry in the future?
How many homes did BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service reach in 2010?
How many people did BSkyB's reach into 36% of households in the UK represent?
When was BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service first announced?
What percentage of households did BSkyB's direct-to-home service reach in the UK?
What happened to the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe?
What is the name of the card proposed by Alec Shelbrooke?
What could the "Welfare Cash Card" be used to buy?
What did the UK's parliament hear a claim that a subscription to BSkyB was?
What did the Daily Mail report that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants'?
What did the Daily Mail claim a subscription to sports channels would betray in a single mother's household?
What is the annual carriage fee for the channels?
What is the indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content offered by BSkyB?
BSkyB and what other company agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels?
Who previously offered Video On Demand and High Definition content?
BSkyB and Virgin Media agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their respective what?
What type of economy does Victoria have?
Where is Victoria's total gross state product ranked in Australia?
Where is Victoria ranked in terms of GSP per capita?
What city is the "sporting capital of Australia"?
What is the largest stadium in Australia?
Where is the legacy of Chinese miners particularly strong?
In what state were the Lambing Flat riots?
Where was a riot in 1857?
How many miners were killed by typhoid in 1854?
What were the conditions on the gold fields?
What type of representation system were the Victorian Legislative Council elections held under in 2006?
How many electorates does Victoria have?
How many representatives are there in the Victorian Legislative Council?
How long is the term of office for lower house members?
How often do elections for the Victorian Parliament occur?
What is the main political party in Victoria?
Which political party is strongest in Melbourne's eastern suburbs?
What political party is strongest in Victoria's North Western and Eastern rural regional areas?
Who won their first lower house seats in 2014?
What party is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs?
What percentage of Victorians describe themselves as Christian?
What percentage of Victorians are Roman Catholics?
What is the state's largest non-Christian religion?
How many Victorians are Buddhists?
What percentage of Victorians claim no religion?
In what part of Australia is Victoria located?
What type of state is Victoria?
Where does Melbourne rank among Australia's largest cities?
What is Australia's second-largest city?
Where does Melbourne rank among Australia's largest cities?
What were the Aboriginal peoples of Victoria known as before European settlement?
In what year did Great Britain claim the entire Australian continent?
What colony was Victoria included in in 1788?
Where was the first settlement in the area?
In what year did the first settlement in the area occur?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of Victorian farmland is sown for wheat?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for hay?
What percentage of Australian pears are produced by Victorian farms?
How many tonnes of tomatoes were produced in Victoria last year?
In what year was Victoria's written constitution enacted?
What is the Victoria Constitution Act 1855 based on?
Who can amend the Victorian Constitution?
What type of provisions require an absolute majority in both houses?
What was the 1855 colonial constitution passed by the United Kingdom Parliament called?
The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's what?
What is the average summer temperature in the Mallee and upper Wimmera?
What is the average winter temperature in Victoria?
What was Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II?
In what year was the highest maximum temperature recorded in Hopetoun?
What are public schools also known as?
Who runs public schools in Victoria?
What are levied on public schools in Victoria?
Who runs private fee-paying schools in Victoria?
What standards must all schools comply with?
What has Victoria been the base for the manufacturing plants of?
In what year did Toyota announce it would close its plant in Victoria?
When was Holden's announcement?
When will Ford's Victorian plants close?
What major car brand closed its plant in Victoria in October 2016?
How high do the Victorian alpine areas rise?
What is the highest peak in Victoria?
How tall is Mount Bogong?
What is an extensive series of in Victoria?
What is the state bird of Victoria?
What is the coldest part of Victoria?
The Victorian Alps are part of what mountain system?
In what direction does the Great Dividing Range mountain system extend through the centre of Victoria?
What is the lowest temperature in the highest parts of the Victorian Alps?
What is the lowest temperature recorded in Victoria?
What type of lines do private and public railway operators operate in Victoria?
What is the name of the major railway operator in Victoria?
Who owns V/Line?
What does CFCL Australia operate?
What type of service does Metro Trains Melbourne provide?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian House of Representatives?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian Senate?
What is the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria?
What is the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria?
Who is the Governor of Victoria?
When were writs issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council?
In what year was the first Victorian Legislative Council elected?
What was the name of the largest economic event the world has ever seen?
How much did the population of Victoria increase in ten years?
How much gold did Victoria produce in the decade 1851-1860?
How many public schools did Victoria have as of August 2010?
How many Catholic schools did Victoria have as of August 2010?
How many students were enrolled in public schools as of August 2010?
How many full-time teachers does Victoria have?
What percentage of private students attend Catholic schools?
What state is home to 60% of Australia's dairy cattle?
How many dairy cattle does Victoria have?
What percentage of Australia's dairy cattle are in Victoria?
How much of the nation's milk is produced in Victoria?
Where is most abalone and rock lobster exported to?
What is the broad gauge of Victorian lines?
What is the standard gauge of the interstate trunk routes?
How large are the narrow gauge lines that two tourist railways operate over?
Where were the former government-owned lines built?
How many formerly government-owned lines were built in mountainous areas?
When was the colony of New South Wales founded?
What was the eastern half of Australia called after the founding of the colony?
What was the western half of Australia called?
Where was the colonial government of New Holland located?
In what year did the Eureka Stockade take place?
Who crushed the Eureka Stockade?
What was the name of the armed rebellion against the government of Victoria?
What did the Eureka Stockade reduce?
What act granted Victoria responsible government in 1855?
What does the Premier of Victoria have in the Legislative Assembly?
Who is the public face of government in Victoria?
What does the cabinet of Victoria consist of?
Who is the current Premier of Victoria?
Who is in the cabinet of Victoria?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production in 2003-04?
How much did the gross value of Victorian agricultural production increase during 2003-04?
How many farms were in Victoria as of 2004?
How many square kilometers of Victorian land did 32,463 farms occupy in 2004?
How much of the state's land surface is farmland?
Major events play a big part in what in Victoria?
Along with cultural tourism, what type of tourism plays a big part in Victoria?
Where are most of Victoria's major events centred?
Where do some major events occur in Victoria?
What is the name of the popular surfing festival in Bells Beach?
Where were the Huguenots concentrated?
How many Huguenots were there in France in 1562?
When were the Wars of Religion fought?
What gave the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
What was Huguenot originally used for?
Where was John Calvin's adopted home?
Who was the nickname Huguenot a combined reference to?
What was the name of the plot to wrest power in France from the House of Guise?
When was the Amboise plot?
What was important to the spread of the Protestant movement in France?
When was a French version of the Bible created?
Who prepared the French version of the Bible?
In what year was a French version of the Bible printed?
In what city was the French version of the Bible printed in 1487?
Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 what?
What was among the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté"?
What document ended Protestant rule in Montpellier in 1629?
In what year did the siege of Montpellier take place?
When was the Edict of Alès issued?
Where did individual Huguenots settle?
Where did Maria de la Queillerie settle?
Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
What company did the first group of Huguenots go to?
In what year did many Huguenots arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
When did the Huguenots sail to North America?
Who led the Huguenots to North America?
What was the name of the French church that the Huguenots established in 1628?
What is the current name of the French church in New Amsterdam?
What neighborhood is Bushwick now known as?
Where did several Huguenot families immigrate to after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
Who did the Huguenots purchase the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations from?
Where was Rev. Elie Prioleau from?
In what year did the Huguenots petition the British Crown for the right to own land in the Baronies?
Where did many Huguenots settle in the early years?
Who was the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV?
What did William III of Orange later become?
What coalition did William III of Orange form to oppose Louis and the French state?
What country did many Huguenots consider to be the most attractive country for exile?
In what year did the French attack the Dutch Republic?
What was the name of the edict that abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France?
When was the Edict of Fontainebleau issued?
Who issued the Edict of Fontainebleau?
How many Huguenots fled France by the early 18th century?
Who opposed the Huguenots?
What was the height of the persecution of the Huguenots?
How many people were killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
What did the Huguenots use to retaliate against the French Catholics?
Why was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
When did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
Where did the Huguenot rebellions take place?
Who was a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism?
Who was the successor of Henry IV?
What was the name of the three civil wars that broke out between 1621 and 1629?
How many Protestants live in modern France?
How much of France's population are Protestants?
Where are most Protestants in France concentrated?
What mountain region is in the south of France?
Where is the Huguenot Society of Australia located?
What was the name of the town that Huguenot immigrants settled in?
Where is the "Huguenot Street Historic District" located?
What is the oldest street in the United States of America?
What does the "Huguenot Street Historic District" contain?
On what island did a small group of Huguenots settle?
Who received the largest group of Huguenot refugees?
How many Huguenot refugees did the Dutch Republic receive?
What was the population of the Dutch Republic in 1715?
What were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants?
After what event did the Dutch Republic receive the largest group of Huguenot refugees?
Where did the prétendus réformés gather at night?
What was the gate of King Hugo called?
Who was thought to haunt Huguon?
What were the people who gathered at night in Tours called?
When did the prétendus réformés gather at Huguon?
In what city did the Walloons and Huguenots settle?
What is the name of the half-timbered house by the river?
What was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the City?
Where did the refugees settle?
What has The Weavers been adapted into?
In what city is French Church Street located?
Where did Huguenots serve as mayors in the 17th and 18th centuries?
In what city was D'Olier Street named after a High Sheriff?
Who is D'Olier Street in Dublin named after?
When was the French church in Portarlington built?
What did the exodus of Huguenots from France create?
The French crown refused to allow non-Catholics to settle in what colony?
Who did the French crown refuse to allow to settle in New France?
The French and Indian War was the North American front of what war?
When did the British defeat New France?
Who issued the Edict of Nantes?
In what year was the warfare definitively quelled?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
What did the Edict of Nantes discourage?
What religion did Henry of Navarre renounce?
What did the revocation of Protestant services require?
What did the revocation of Protestant services do to the Huguenots?
How many Huguenots emigrated to the North American colonies?
What were the Huguenots who stayed in France called?
Where did many of the Huguenots flee to?
Where did the first Huguenots seek freedom from persecution?
When did the French colonisers arrive in Brazil?
What was the name of the French colony that arrived in Brazil in 1555?
In what year was Fort Coligny destroyed?
What was the first Protestant confession of faith in the whole of the Americas?
What language do many families in South Africa speak today?
What industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots?
In what province of South Africa do many farms still bear French names?
What do many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have indicating their French Huguenot ancestry?
Who was descended from Huguenot refugees?
Who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina?
Where is the last active Huguenot congregation in North America?
What church does the Huguenot Society of America maintain?
What state is the largest chapter of the Huguenot Society of America?
What industry did some Huguenots settle in Bedfordshire?
What style of lace demonstrates a Huguenot influence?
What is the only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period?
When did Mechlin lace develop?
What two new neighbourhoods did the Huguenots create in Berlin?
By 1700, what percentage of the city's population was French speaking?
Why did the Berlin Huguenots switch to German?
When did the Huguenots switch to German?
What were some congregations founded by the Huguenots?
What country welcomed the Huguenots?
What region of France did Huguenots remain in large numbers?
What group rioted against the Catholic Church in the early 18th century?
What did the Camisards riot against?
Between what years did the Camisards riot?
What is the current name of Fort Caroline?
Who led the group of Norman Huguenots that established Fort Caroline?
What was the name of the small colony established by the Norman Huguenots?
Who defeated the French at Fort Caroline in 1565?
In what year did a French naval attack against the new Spanish colony at St. Augustine fail?
What was the name of the outpost that Jean Ribault founded on Parris Island?
Where was the outpost of Charlesfort located?
Who established the settlement of St Augustine near Fort Caroline?
In what year did Jean Ribault lead an expedition that explored Florida and the Southeastern U.S.?
What prevented a return voyage to North America by Jean Ribault?
In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to what colony?
Where did the English Crown promise land grants to the French Huguenots?
What was the abandoned Monacan village known as?
How many original settlers were there in Manakin Town?
When did the Virginia General Assembly pass an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown?
During what years did the Dutch Revolt take place?
Who did some Huguenots fight against during the Dutch Revolt?
What was the name of the document written by William the Silent condemning the Spanish Inquisition?
Who was the leader of the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule?
What was William the Silent's religion?
What act was passed in 1708 that allowed Protestant Walloons and Huguenots to immigrate to England?
In what year was the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act passed?
How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England?
Who was a leading Huguenot theologian and writer?
What doctrine did Andrew Lortie criticize during Mass?
In what war did the Huguenot regiments fight for William of Orange?
Who did the Huguenot regiments fight for?
Where were significant Huguenot settlements in Ireland?
What did the smaller settlements of Killeshandra contribute to the expansion of?
What industry did the Huguenots help grow in Ireland?
Who arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community?
Who did Prince Louis de Condé arrange with to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland?
What type of work did the Condés establish?
When did some members of the Huguenot community emigrate to the United States?
When did Prince Louis de Condé establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland?
Along with the Holy Roman Empire, where did the Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
What religion did the bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
Where were the Huguenot émigrés allowed to worship freely?
Where did the Huguenot émigrés spread beyond Europe?
What happened to the Huguenot émigrés in Quebec?
Who did the "Hugues hypothesis" argue that the name was derived from?
What argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet, king of France?
Who suggested that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to little Hugos?
What do Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to?
What do some disagree with about the origins of the word Hugues?
Who was a professor at the University of Paris during the Protestant Reformation?
Where was Jacques Lefevre a professor?
In what year did Jacques Lefevre publish the whole Bible in the French language?
Who was a student of Jacques Lefevre?
Who was another student at the University of Paris who converted to Protestantism?
When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Who killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris?
How many Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse?
In what year was an amnesty granted?
By 17 September, how many Protestants had been massacred in Paris?
Who gained the throne in 1643?
What did Louis XIV do after he gained the throne?
How did Louis XIV try to convert the Huguenots to Catholicism?
What did Louis XIV do to Huguenots?
What was the name of the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops?
In what county is New Rochelle located?
What was the name of the peninsula where the Huguenots landed?
Who did the Huguenots purchase land from?
What was New Rochelle named after?
What is the name of the third church that was built in New Rochelle?
Most of the Huguenot congregations in North America eventually did what?
How did the Huguenots adapt quickly and often?
Who established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills?
When did the descendants of the Huguenots continue to use French first names and surnames for their children?
What did E.I. du Pont establish?
Who was one of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands?
Where did Pierre Bayle begin teaching?
What is the name of Pierre Bayle's multi-volume masterpiece?
Where is Pierre Bayle's Historical and Critical Dictionary located?
What is the name of the Huguenot patron?
What was established by Royal Charter in 1550?
When was the French Protestant Church of London established?
Where is the French Protestant Church of London now located?
Where did Huguenot refugees flee to?
In what year was the Black Eagle Brewery founded?
What types of states did Huguenot refugees find a safe haven in?
Where did Huguenot refugees find a safe haven in 1685?
What document granted special privileges to Huguenots in Brandenburg-Prussia?
Who was Frederick William?
What did the Huguenots do for Frederick William's army?
Who invited Huguenots to settle in his realms?
What famous German poet was a Huguenot?
Who was a Luftwaffe General and fighter ace?
Who was the last Prime Minister of the (East) German Democratic Republic?
What position is held by Thomas de Maizière?
Along with nuclear power and geothermal energy, what non-combustion heat source can be used in a steam engine?
What is the ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process called?
In the Rankine cycle, water is heated and transforms into what?
At what pressure is the Rankine cycle boiler operating?
What type of engines are steam engines?
What was the first commercially successful true engine?
Who invented the atmospheric engine?
When was the atmospheric engine invented?
What was the atmospheric engine an improvement over?
Who proposed a piston for the atmospheric engine?
Where was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
On what date did the world's first railway journey take place?
Where did Trevithick's locomotive travel from Merthyr Tydfil to?
In what country did the world's first railway journey take place?
In what direction was Abercynon located?
The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a what?
What type of pumps do Utility and industrial boilers commonly use?
When did injectors become popular?
Injectors are no longer used in what type of engines?
What is an injector used to supply?
How many expansion stages are used in a multiple expansion engine?
What is another name for a multiple expansion engine?
In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used on some marine triple expansion engines?
What type of engines used the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system?
What class was the 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine popular with?
Which poppet valve gears had separate admission and exhaust valves driven by trip mechanisms?
Along with Stephenson and Walschaerts, what motions were used in patent valve gears?
What is the usual compromise solution to provide lap by?
What may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox?
What happens to lead fusible plugs when the temperature of the firebox crown increases?
What happens when lead melts in a firebox crown?
What do operators do if the water level drops and the steam escapes?
In the smallest of boilers, steam escape has little effect on what?
Who patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion?
What type of motion did James Watt's steam engine produce?
How many horsepower were James Watt's engines?
By what year had engines that could provide 10,000 hp become feasible?
The stationary steam engine was a key component of what?
In what century was the aeolipile first described?
Who described the aeolipile?
What nationality was Hero of Alexandria?
Who described a rudimentary steam turbine device in 1629?
In what year did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont receive patents for fifty steam powered inventions?
What type of engines came into widespread use at the end of the 19th century?
What were the stages of compound engines called?
In what industry were double and triple expansion engines most common?
Along with electric motors, what type of engine replaced reciprocating (piston) steam engines?
What did double and triple expansion engines reduce the weight of?
What is today most electric power provided by?
In what part of the 19th century did the use of steam turbines begin?
What is the maximum output of a reciprocating piston type steam engine?
What percentage of electric power is produced in the United States using a variety of heat sources?
In what type of generating stations are steam turbines most often used?
What is the most common source of heat for a steam engine?
What is another name for a firebox?
What type of energy can be used to heat water?
What type of heating element can be found in a model or toy steam engine?
What is the most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines?
When were early versions of the steam engine indicator first used?
Who developed the most successful indicator?
Who developed the most successful indicator for Charles Porter?
Where was the most successful indicator exhibited in 1862?
In the first type of Vauclain compound, the pistons worked in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank, again set at what angle?
When a 4-cylinder compound is duplicated, the individual pistons within the group are usually balanced at what degree?
In the first type of Vauclain compound, the pistons worked in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank, again set at what angle?
What is it called when the steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke?
How many piston strokes does a reciprocating piston engine have?
How many revolutions does the complete engine cycle occupy?
How many events are in a reciprocating piston engine cycle?
Along with admission, exhaust, compression, and compression, what is the fourth event in a reciprocating piston engine cycle?
What is a uniflow rotary steam engine where steam intakes in hot areas, while exhausting in cold areas?
Uniflow engines attempt to remedy the difficulties arising from the usual what cycle?
What is uncovered by the piston at the end of each stroke?
What type of steam engine does not require valves?
What is another name for a pivot mounting?
Along with toys, what are oscillating cylinder steam engines mainly used for?
Where are oscillating cylinder steam engines most often used?
What happens to the working fluid in a closed loop system?
What type of system is a Rankine cycle?
What is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine?
What is the fluid of choice in an open loop system?
The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by what?
What is the creep limit of stainless steel?
What is the creep limit of a steam turbine?
What is the theoretical Carnot efficiency of a Rankine cycle?
What is the condenser temperature in a steam turbine?
What is considered to have been the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution?
Along with railway locomotives, ships, and road vehicles, what type of boat was powered by steam engines?
What is an example of a steam-powered automobile?
Along with mills and mines, where did steam engines drive machinery in the Industrial Revolution?
What did the use of steam engines in agriculture lead to?
What was the name of the locomotive Trevorithick built in 1808?
Who built Salamanca?
What type of locomotive was Salamanca?
What railway used the Salamanca?
What railway did George Stephenson build the Locomotion for?
Who invented the Woolf high-pressure compound engine?
What nationality was Arthur Woolf?
What can be reduced by staging the expansion in multiple cylinders?
To derive equal work from lower-pressure steam requires a larger what?
In the 19th century, how much of the world's electric production was by use of steam turbines?
What type of engines are more efficient than steam turbines?
In recent decades, reciprocating Diesel engines and what have almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications?
In the 1990s about 90% of the world's electric production was by use of what?
What has the recent widespread application of large gas turbine units and typical combined cycle power plants caused?
What is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine?
What happens to waste heat in the Rankine cycle?
In what decade did Rankine steam cycles generate about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world?
Along with coal and nuclear power plants, what type of power plants use Rankine steam cycles?
What nationality was William John Macquorn Rankine?
What is the historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency?
How many foot-pounds of duty did Watt's low-pressure designs average?
The best examples of Newcomen designs had a duty of about what?
How many pounds of coal was one bushel of coal?
Who first introduced the concept of duty?
What type of power generation replaced reciprocating piston type steam engines in the 20th century?
What type of steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century?
What type of steam engine produces the majority of worldwide electric generation?
What type of engines replaced reciprocating piston type steam engines in the 20th century?
Who developed the first commercial steam-powered device?
What was the first commercial steam-powered device?
In what year was the first commercial steam-powered device developed?
Who improved the Savery engine to make it capable of working itself?
Who described Bento de Moura Portugal's improvement of Savery's construction?
Who obtained his high-pressure engine patent in 1802?
Along with Trevithick, who introduced engines using high-pressure steam in 1801?
In what year did Trevithick obtain his high-pressure engine patent?
What type of applications could high-pressure engines be made small enough for?
What did technological developments and improvements in manufacturing techniques bring about?
What company in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam?
Where is Energiprojekt AB located?
How many cylinders does Energiprojekt's steam engine have?
How many pounds of steam does Energiprojekt's steam engine consume per kWh?
What is the efficiency of Energiprojekt's steam engine?
What do steam turbines in power stations use as a cold sink?
What is a dry type cooling tower similar to?
Where is a dry type cooling tower used?
What type of cooling tower is used in locations where water is costly?
How many cubic metres of make-up water does a 700 megawatt coal-fired power plant use every hour for evaporative cooling?
What type of governor was adopted by James Watt for use on a steam engine?
Who was James Watt's partner?
Where did Boulton & Watt see a centrifugal governor?
What is an example of an operation that a centrifugal governor was not suitable for?
What could the governor not do?
After what year was compounding almost universal for marine engines?
In what type of engines was compounding not universally popular?
Why was compounding not universally popular in railway locomotives?
After what year was compounding not common in Britain?
Along with marine engines, for what type of engines was compounding common?
How can speed and momentum be gained by gradually?
What is the term for excessive compression?
If the exhaust event is too brief, the totality of the exhaust steam cannot do what?
The simplest valve gears give events of what length during the engine cycle?
Who obtained the first patent for a steam engine in 1606?
What nationality was Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont?
In what year did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont patent a steam engine?
In what year did Thomas Savery patent a steam pump?
When was Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine used for pumping in a mine?
What are rotors?
On what part of a steam turbine are the rotors mounted?
What are stators?
Where are stators fixed to in a steam turbine?
What is the typical speed of a steam turbine with 60 Hertz power?
What is the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant?
What has steam been largely superseded by for mobile applications?
Most electric power is generated using what type of plant?
What is the renewed interest in steam as a component of cogeneration processes called?
What has caused a renewed interest in steam?
What is an example of a pistonless rotary engine?
What does a pistonless rotary engine replace in a conventional reciprocating steam engine?
What is a major problem with sealing the rotors to make them steam-tight?
When did James Watt die?
What did James Watt add to his improved version of Newcomen's engine?
How much coal did Boulton and Watt's early engines use?
What was the name of John Smeaton's improved version of?
What did air pressure push into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam?
How many independent mechanisms do steam engines often possess?
What type of safety valve was traditionally used in the top of a boiler?
What type of safety valve is used today?
What must be broken in order for a spring-loaded safety valve to be used?
What did early safety valves allow the engine to get from the engine?
What was the acme of the horizontal engine?
When was the Corliss steam engine patented?
How much less steam did the Corliss steam engine use than Watt's?
How many valves did the Corliss steam engine have?
What award was given to Corliss?
The Rankine cycle is an example of what type of theory?
Who discovered latent heat?
What did Watt's measurements on a model steam engine lead to the development of?
Who was the original discoverer of latent heat?
What did Watt independently discover?
What is one of the principal advantages of the Rankine cycle?
What phase is the working fluid in during the compression stage of the Rankine cycle?
How much of the turbine power does the Rankine cycle consume?
What is the entry temperature of a gas turbine?
What type of pump is used to supply water to the boiler?
What do condensers do?
What is used to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point?
What is another name for a supply bin?
What mechanism is used to move fuel from a supply bin to the firebox?
What was usually readily available to land-based steam engines?
Which country invented the steam turbine?
What type of warships used the steam turbine?
Along with warships, what type of ship used the steam turbine?
When was the HMS Dreadnought built?
Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating what?
What is the main propulsion of nuclear-powered ships and submarines?
What is the turbine connected to in a nuclear power plant?
What type of transmission is used by nuclear-powered ships and submarines?
In what country were non-condensing direct-drive locomotives used for express passenger work?
What is the Rankine cycle sometimes referred to as?
Where is heat addition and rejection in the Rankine cycle?
What does isobaric mean?
What is the term for constant temperature processes in the theoretical Carnot cycle?
In the Rankine cycle, the working fluid is received from the condenser in what form?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
Along with hydrogen, what is the third most abundant element in the universe?
How many atoms of oxygen bind to form dioxygen?
How much of the Earth's crust is made up of oxide compounds?
What type of gas makes up 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere?
How much of the Earth's atmosphere is diatomic oxygen gas?
What is the third most abundant element in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What is the current trend of atmospheric oxygen levels?
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What group is oxygen a member of?
What is an example of a compound that oxygen forms with most elements?
What is oxygen's rank as the most abundant element in the universe?
What colorless and odorless diatomic gas does oxygen form at standard temperature and pressure?
What uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water?
What does photosynthesis use to produce oxygen from water?
What helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
Most of the mass of living organisms is what?
What is the major constituent of lifeforms?
What uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water?
What is the major constituent of lifeforms?
What is another form of oxygen that absorbs UVB radiation?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
Who was the English chemist who refined Boyle's work?
What did John Mayow call the part of air that is consumed in respiration and combustion?
When did John Mayow die?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
What did John Mayow call the part of air that is consumed in respiration and combustion?
In what century did Robert Boyle prove that air is necessary for combustion?
In what process is nitroaereus consumed?
Who was the English chemist who refined Boyle's work?
What British clergyman conducted an experiment on August 1, 1774?
What was Joseph Priestley's profession?
What is mercuric oxide?
What did Joseph Priestley focus sunlight on?
What does HgO stand for?
What did Joseph Priestley call the gas he created?
In what year did Priestley publish his findings?
Why is Priestley usually given priority in the discovery of air?
What did Priestley find about the mouse that lived longer while breathing the gas?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
In what century was Philo of Byzantium a Greek writer?
How did Philo surmise that parts of air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
What element did Philo incorrectly surmise that parts of air in the vessel were converted into?
What was the name of Philo's work on combustion and air?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion?
Philo of Byzantium conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and what?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote what?
Oxygen is the source of most of what released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What type of oxygen was used in the Apollo 1 capsule?
Steel pipes and storage vessels are used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid what?
What is the normal pressure that would be used in a mission?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require?
Concentrated O 2 will allow what to proceed rapidly and energetically?
What is used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require?
Who died in a launch pad test?
What is the Earth's crustal rock composed of?
In what form is oxygen present in the atmosphere?
What part of the Earth's crust is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
In what form is oxygen present in the atmosphere?
What is composed in large part of oxides of silicon?
What part of the Earth is mostly composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What part of the Earth's crust is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What type of silicate minerals are in the Earth's crust?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were what?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that atoms in compounds would normally have what type of atomic ratios?
What did Dalton assume water's formula was?
In 1805, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt showed that water is formed of two volumes of what?
Amedeo Avogadro arrived at the correct interpretation of water's composition based on what?
Highly combustible materials that leave little residue were thought to be made mostly of what?
What type of substance is iron?
What did not play a role in phlogiston theory?
What was one of the first clues that the phlogiston theory was incorrect?
What happens to most common objects when they burn?
What is the bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms?
How many oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other in dioxygen?
The double bond is the result of sequential, low to high energy, or what?
How are the two oxygen atoms bonded to each other in dioxygen?
What is formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms?
In what year was oxygen discovered?
In what year was oxygen discovered?
Why is Joseph Priestley often given priority?
Who coined the name oxygen in 1777?
What theory of combustion and corrosion did Lavoisier discredit?
What is a configuration with two unpaired electrons called?
What is the ground state of the O 2 molecule referred to as?
What does triplet oxygen react only slowly with most organic molecules?
What type of combustion does triplet oxygen prevent?
What happens when orbitals are partially filled?
What did Lavoisier prove was a mixture of two gases?
What did Lavoisier observe when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
What did Lavoisier observe when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
When was Lavoisier's book published?
What did Lavoisier's work show did not support?
Trioxygen is usually known as what?
What type of oxygen is ozone?
What is ozone damaging to?
What does the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere function as for the planet?
In what part of the spectrum does ozone absorb strongly?
What is the common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth called?
What is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere?
What part of the Earth's atmosphere is dioxygen?
Why is O2 used by complex forms of life?
O2 is used by complex forms of life in what?
Who was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was James Dewar able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
In what year was the first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen developed?
What type of welding was demonstrated for the first time in 1901?
What is more soluble in water than nitrogen?
What is the solubility of oxygen in water dependent on?
How many milliliters of oxygen does freshwater contain per liter?
What type of water contains about 4.95 mL of oxygen per liter?
How much more oxygen dissolves at 0 °C than at 20 °C?
Oxygen is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe?
Where does oxygen rank among the most abundant chemical elements in the universe?
What percentage of the Sun's mass is oxygen?
Oxygen is the major component of what?
How is oxygen produced on Mars and Venus?
In what century did scientists realize that air could be liquefied?
How was air liquefied in the late 19th century?
Who was the Swiss chemist and physicist who used a cascade method to liquefy carbon dioxide?
How much liquid did Cailletet produce?
When was oxygen liquified in stable state for the first time?
What planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the Earth?
What isotope does the Sun have a higher proportion of than the Earth?
What spacecraft returned a silicon wafer from space?
What process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material?
What planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the Sun?
What is a name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O 2 in which all the electron spins are paired?
What is singlet oxygen more reactive towards?
During what process is singlet oxygen commonly formed in nature?
How is singlet oxygen produced in the troposphere?
What plays a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen and converting it to the unexcited ground state?
Who measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms?
Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what was like millions of years ago?
What percentage of water molecules contain heavier oxygen-18?
During periods of lower global temperatures, snow and rain from that evaporated water tends to be higher in what isotope?
When does snow and rain tend to be higher in oxygen-16?
Oxygen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands at what wavelengths?
What has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring on a global scale?
What is a possible method of monitoring the carbon cycle on a global scale?
On what scale is the carbon cycle monitored by satellites?
What type of scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies to characterize plant health status from a satellite platform?
In the triplet form, O 2 molecules are what?
What is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight?
What type of electrons are in the molecule in the triplet form?
In the triplet form, O 2 molecules impart magnetic character to oxygen when it is in the presence of what?
Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of what?
What are reactive oxygen species?
What is the purpose of reactive oxygen species?
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the hypersensitive response of plants against what?
Oxygen is toxic to obligately what type of organisms?
When did O 2 begin to accumulate in the atmosphere?
At what temperature does oxygen condense?
What is the color of liquid and solid O 2?
What is used to produce high purity liquid O 2?
What is used as a coolant to produce liquid oxygen?
Oxygen must be segregated from what?
In what type of body of water does free oxygen occur?
At what temperature does O 2 solubility increase?
Why do polar oceans support a higher density of life?
What does eutrophication stimulate growth of?
What is the term for the amount of O 2 needed to restore water to a normal concentration?
When did photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolve?
During what eon did free oxygen first appear in significant quantities?
What did free oxygen and dissolved iron in the oceans form for the first billion years?
When did free oxygen reach 10% of its present level?
When did free oxygen begin to outgas from the oceans?
The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth is the result of what?
What type of cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth?
How many main reservoirs are on Earth?
What is the main driving factor of the oxygen cycle?
What gas on Earth is the result of the oxygen cycle?
What type of sieves are used to produce O 2 gas?
What percentage of O 2 gas is produced by the method of pressure swing adsorption?
What gas is released from the other zeolite bed?
What type of technologies are increasingly used to produce oxygen gas?
What is the other method of producing O 2 gas?
Oxygen gas can also be produced through electrolysis of what?
What are the molecular formulae of oxygen gas?
What type of electricity must be used to produce oxygen gas?
What is the electrocatalytic O 2 evolution from?
What type of catalysts can be used in chemical oxygen generators?
Oxygen has a history of what use in oxygen bars and in sports?
What is the supposed effect of oxygen?
What do professional athletes sometimes go off field between plays to get a "boost" in?
What is a more likely explanation for the effect of oxygen bars?
What type of exercise do studies support a performance boost from enriched O 2 mixtures?
What uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O 2 around the patient?
Increased O 2 concentration in the lungs helps to displace what from the heme group of hemoglobin?
Oxygen gas is poisonous to what bacteria?
What occurs in divers who decompress too quickly after a dive?
What is used to treat emphysema, pneumonia, and some heart disorders?
What part of the body does oxygen supplementation reduce the work load on?
What is used to treat emphysema?
Uptake of O 2 from the air is the essential purpose of what?
Oxygen therapy is used to treat emphysema, pneumonia, some heart disorders, and what?
Why does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides?
Oxygen forms chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give what?
What is the mineral wüstite written as?
Aluminium and titanium are coated with a thin film of what?
What does oxide on the surface of aluminium and titanium slow?
What is an emergency supply of O 2 automatically supplied to them in case of?
Sudden cabin pressure loss activates what type of oxygen generators?
What type of reaction produces a steady stream of oxygen gas?
What is produced by the exothermic reaction?
What is another term for high pressure oxygen tanks?
What type of tankers are used to refill bulk liquid oxygen storage containers?
In what form is oxygen often transported in bulk?
What form of oxygen is used in portable medical applications?
What is an example of an institution with a need for large volumes of pure oxygen gas?
What is an important class of compounds that contain oxygen?
What is one of the most important classes of what that contain oxygen?
What are acetone and phenol used as in the synthesis of many different substances?
What are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms?
Are alcohols (R-OH), ethers, ketones, and aldehydes among the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
What is oxygen found in almost all of?
How many common complex biomolecules contain no oxygen?
Of the organic compounds with biological relevance, what contain the largest proportion by mass of oxygen?
All fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and what else contain oxygen?
Where can oxygen be found in calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite?
What can also occur in deep scuba diving and surface supplied diving?
Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O 2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent what?
What is the maximum partial pressure that can cause convulsions in divers?
What is the most feared effect of breathing an air mixture with 21% O 2 at 66 m or more of depth?
What is the most feared effect of acute oxygen toxicity for divers?
Breathing pure O 2 in space applications causes no damage due to what?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas in spacesuits?
How much more than normal is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas in spacesuits?
Breathing pure O 2 in space applications causes what?
How much more is the O 2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood compared to normal sea-level O2 partial pressure?
When can oxygen gas be toxic?
At what partial pressure does oxygen toxicity usually begin to occur?
What is the composition of O 2 at standard pressure?
What type of ventilator is not a problem for patients on?
What percentage of O 2 is the gas supplied through oxygen masks in medical applications?
When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?
What was the price of oil at the end of the 1973 oil crisis?
In what year did the second oil crisis occur?
What was the 1973 oil crisis called?
What does OAPEC stand for?
Why did European nations and Japan want to disassociate themselves from US foreign policy in the Middle East?
What did the Nixon administration do to address the conflict?
When did Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula?
When did Arab oil producers lift the embargo?
When did the US withdraw from the Bretton Woods Accord?
What was the value of the dollar left to do?
What did industrialized nations do in response to the devaluation of the dollar?
When did OPEC issue a joint communiqué stating that they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold?
Why did oil producers' real income decrease?
How much did the dollar price of oil rise from 1947 to 1967?
When was OPEC slow to readjust prices to reflect the depreciation of oil?
When did OPEC increase their prices?
Until what time did the price of oil remain fairly stable?
When did Syria and Egypt launch a surprise attack on Israel?
What country was the world's second-largest oil exporter?
How much did the Shah of Iran say you should pay for oil?
What country was the world's second-largest oil exporter?
What released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices?
Why did OPEC raise the price of oil on October 16, 1973?
On what date did OPEC raise the price of oil by 70%?
How long would OPEC continue to cut production in five percent monthly increments?
How much did Nixon ask Congress to appropriate in emergency aid to Israel?
What did OPEC raise the price of oil by 70% in response to?
How much did Saudi Arabia spend in the ensuing decades for helping spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam?
What groups did the al-Haramain Foundation give money to?
In what part of the world did Saudi Arabia's arms purchases exacerbate political tensions?
What was the cause of lower prices for export commodities?
What is the fundamentalist interpretation of Islam known as?
What has been held responsible for recessions in the US production?
What country was the US worried about the Middle East becoming another superpower confrontation with?
Before what year did scholars argue that there already existed a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties?
Who was the leader of the United States in 1973?
What caused immediate demands to address the threats to U.S. energy security?
What is an example of an industry that was affected by the price increases?
What consisted of inflationary and deflationary impacts?
In what rugged terrain did oil companies look for new ways to increase oil supplies?
How long did it take to find oil and develop new fields?
Which member of the EEC faced a complete embargo?
Who did the UK refuse to allow to use their airfields?
Which country supported Israel during the Six-Day War?
Who did Harold Wilson's government support during the Six-Day War?
Who was the successor to Harold Wilson?
Which country faced an oil crisis of its own?
What caused the change of government in 1973-74?
When did a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers occur in the UK?
Along with the UK, Italy, Switzerland and Norway, what country banned flying, driving and boating on Sundays?
Which country rationed gasoline and heating oil?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
What was the purpose of allowing newly discovered oil to be sold at a higher price?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
How was scarcity addressed in many countries?
Who was the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
When was William E. Simon named the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
What was the purpose of the Federal Energy Office?
When did the American Automobile Association report that 20% of American gasoline stations had no fuel?
What was the national maximum speed limit in 1974?
What act imposed a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph in 1974?
Who signed the National Highway Designation Act?
When did Bill Clinton sign the National Highway Designation Act?
In what year was the cabinet-level Department of Energy created?
What led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels?
What did crisis-mentality thinking ignore?
Who has repeatedly backed policies that promise solutions that are politically expedient, but whose prospects are doubtful?
Who considered military action to seize Middle Eastern oilfields in 1973?
Who ordered a British intelligence estimate of U.S. intentions?
How long did intelligence say the US occupation of the Middle East would need to last?
Who would be alienated by a US occupation of the Middle Eastern oilfields?
Which country was the most dependent on Arab oil?
How much of Japan's imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970?
What did Japan receive in December of 1973?
On what date did Japan issue a statement stating that Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories?
By what date was Japan considered an Arab-friendly state?
What was one sign of insecurity in the region?
Who became increasingly dependent on American security assurances to manage both external and internal threats?
Who is an Arab, largely Sunni Muslim nation headed by a near absolutist monarchy?
When did the Shah fail to maintain control of Iran?
When did Wahhabi extremists seize the Grand Mosque in Mecca?
What did the crisis reduce the demand for?
What became mass-market leaders with unibody construction and front-wheel drive?
What type of engines were more fuel efficient in the US?
Which country became mass-market leaders with unibody construction and front-wheel drive?
When did Honda, Toyota, and Nissan open US assembly plants?
What was the name of the larger car that Toyota and Nissan introduced?
Along with air conditioning, AM-FM radios, and power windows, what feature was added to the Datsun 810?
Along with Infiniti and Acura, what luxury division did Honda, Toyota, and Nissan establish?
What was the name of the compact truck that was introduced?
What did Mitsubishi rename its Forte to?
Who did Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu have joint partnerships with?
What policy did the American makers end with the introduction of their domestic replacements?
What forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales?
How many passengers did the Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon have?
In what year did the average American vehicle move 17.4 miles per gallon?
Along with the Mercury Marquis, what luxury sedan became popular in the mid-1970s?
What was the only full-size model that did not recover after the 1973 crisis?
By what year had most full-size American cars shrunk?
In what year did Chrysler end production of full-sized luxury sedans?
What was the name of the 1974 compacts?
In what year did OPEC lose its preeminent position?
During what decade did the world price of oil decrease to less than $10 per barrel?
Why did Saudi Arabia increase production?
What was the world price of oil during the 1979 energy crisis?
What was the name of the project that put the first Americans in space?
Who carried out the Apollo program?
In what year did the first manned flight of Apollo take place?
Who was the president of the United States when the Apollo program was first conceived?
How many people did Project Gemini have?
What years did the Apollo program run?
What program ran concurrently with the Apollo program from 1962 to 1966?
The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was a joint Earth orbit mission with what country?
What was the name of the space station that supported three manned missions in 1973-74?
In what year did the Apollo 1 cabin fire occur?
What was the cause of the Apollo 1 cabin fire?
What forced the cancellation of three of the nine follow-on landings?
How many of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings?
What prevented the Apollo 13 landing?
What was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body?
What was the final mission of the Apollo program?
How many pounds of lunar rocks and soil did the Apollo program return to Earth?
What areas of technology did the Apollo program help advance?
How many astronauts could the Mercury capsule carry on a limited Earth orbital mission?
How many astronauts would the Apollo program carry?
Who was the manager of the Apollo program?
Along with circumlunar flights, ferrying crews to a space station, and manned lunar landings, what was a possible mission for the Apollo program?
When was the Apollo program conceived?
In what year was the Apollo program announced?
Who led NASA's own in-house spacecraft design studies?
How many feasibility study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair?
Who was the Deputy Administrator of NASA in 1960?
Who was elected president in 1960?
Who did John F. Kennedy promise American superiority over in the fields of space exploration and missile defense?
What was Kennedy put off by about the Apollo program?
Who was Kennedy's NASA Administrator?
What did Kennedy speak out against?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
How many days after Gagarin's flight did the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics meet?
How did Kennedy respond to the news of Gagarin's flight?
On what date did Kennedy send a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson?
Who was the Vice President of the United States at the time?
How long did it take for Johnson to respond to Kennedy's memo?
What did Johnson conclude about America's space program?
Who was given authority to grow the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Where was the Space Task Group located?
Where was the Manned Spacecraft Center located?
What university donated land for the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Where was the Manned Spacecraft Center located?
Where was the Launch Operations Center located?
Who was the first director of the Launch Operations Center?
What position did Debus hold at the LOC?
Who died on November 29, 1963?
How many launch pads were planned?
What type of spacecraft could be tested in two vacuum chambers?
At what altitude could the Apollo spacecraft be tested?
How large was the Vertical Assembly Building?
Who did Administrator Webb recruit for a high management job?
When did Webb announce Mueller's appointment as Deputy Associate Administrator?
Who was the previous Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
Who was appointed Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
What industry experience did Mueller have?
In what branch of the military did General Samuel C. Phillips serve?
Who did Mueller recruit to manage the OMSF program?
How long did General Samuel C. Phillips manage Apollo?
What position did General Samuel C. Phillips receive from NASA?
What did many engineers fear would be difficult in lunar orbit?
In what year was direct ascent generally the mission mode in favor at NASA?
Who was the Associate Administrator of NASA in 1961?
Who headed the ad-hoc committee that recommended a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program?
When was the ad-hoc committee formed?
What center began to come around to support LOR in late 1961 and early 1962?
Who was the new deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight?
Where did the engineers at MSFC convert to LOR?
Who was Kennedy's science advisor?
Who did Jerome Wiesner hire to chair his own "Space Vehicle Panel"?
Who reached an internal agreement on the Saturn V launch vehicle?
On what date did NASA announce the decision to land men on the Moon?
Who blurted out "No, that's no good" in front of the press?
What did Wiesner blurted out in front of the press?
What does LEM stand for?
Who was chosen as the Lunar Excursion Module contractor?
What did the LOR method allow the lander to do?
On what Apollo mission did an oxygen tank explosion leave the command ship without electrical power?
What did the Lunar Module provide to get the crew home safely?
In what year was the Lunar Module dropped as a lifeboat?
What shape was the Apollo command module?
What was the name of the CSM?
How many men would the Lunar Excursion Module take to the lunar surface?
How many astronauts was the Command Module designed to carry?
In what body of water was the Command Module intended to land?
What was the exterior of the Command Module covered with?
What was carried to slow the Command Module's descent to splashdown?
How much did the Command Module weigh?
What supported the Command Module?
What was used for long-distance communications on the lunar flights?
What happened to the Service Module after re-entry?
How much did the initial lunar flight version of the SM weigh?
What was carried on the extended lunar missions?
Who won the contract to build the CSM?
How much more thrust was required for translunar flight?
In what year did a program definition study conclude that the initial design should be continued as Block I?
What was the name of the second stage of the launch vehicle for NASA?
How many astronauts did the Lunar Module land on the Moon?
Was the Lunar Module designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere?
How much did the initial LM model weigh?
How long did the Extended Lunar Module allow surface stays?
Who was the Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center?
From what branch of the military was von Braun transferred to NASA?
When was the decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous made?
What did the first four Saturn I test flights carry?
In what years were five boilerplate CSMs launched into orbit?
What did the last three Saturn I test flights carry?
What did the Pegasus satellites measure?
What was an upgraded version of the Saturn I?
How much thrust did the S-IVB-200 produce?
The restartable version of the S-IVB was used as what stage of the Saturn V?
How many pounds could the Saturn IB send into low Earth orbit?
What was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon?
How tall was the Saturn V?
How many stages did the Saturn V have?
What did the second and third stages of the Saturn V burn?
From what two projects were the Apollo astronauts chosen?
How many missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans?
Who was the first NASA scientist to fly in space?
On what mission did Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
On what mission did Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
How many astronauts were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal?
What was the highest honor given to the Apollo astronauts?
In what year was the Distinguished Service Medal awarded to Grissom, White, and Chaffee?
Why was the crew of Apollo 7 awarded the Exceptional Service Medal?
Which mission was the last to receive the Distinguished Service Medal?
In what year were two Block I CSMs launched from LC-34?
What was the altitude of the first Block I CSM launched?
How many miles downrange was the second Block I CSM recovered?
Along with the Service Module engine, what part of the Saturn IB was validated on suborbital flights?
What type of LM test flight was AS-206?
What did the astronauts begin wearing?
What was replaced with a clear "fishbowl" type of helmet?
What did the lunar surface EVA suit include?
What was the Block II crew position called?
Who selected the first Apollo crew?
What was Deke Slayton's profession?
In what year was the first Apollo crew selected?
Who was the pilot of the first Apollo crew?
What was the name of the first Apollo crew?
What happened to the AS-205 mission in December 1966?
When was the AS-258 mission planned for?
What was the dual mission renamed?
What were Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham reassigned as?
Who was the program director of North American in 1965?
What team did Mueller appoint to investigate North American's problems?
In what year was the Lunar Module supposed to be ready for manned flight?
Who was the Manned Space Flight Administrator in 1965?
In what chamber at the Kennedy Space Center did Grissom, White, and Chaffee conduct tests?
Who decided to name their flight Apollo 1?
What did the "plugs-out" test simulate?
Where did the Apollo 1 crew train and conduct tests of their spacecraft?
What caused the crew to delay the sealing of the hatch?
When did the plugs-out test begin?
What began in the cabin during the hold?
What happened to the astronauts before the hatch could be opened?
What kind of atmosphere was in the atmosphere during the plugs-out test?
Who oversaw the accident review board?
What did the accident review board conclude existed in the Command Module design, workmanship and quality control?
Who did Webb replace Joseph Francis Shea with?
When did NASA convene an accident review board?
What did the Block II spacecraft use instead of pure oxygen?
What was removed from the Block II spacecraft?
The Block II design called for replacement of the Block I plug-type hatch cover with what?
What did NASA do with the manned Block I program?
What type of space suits were used on the Block II spacecraft?
What type of mission types were approved in September 1967?
What had to be accomplished before the next ones could be performed?
What was used instead of numbers in the sequence of mission types?
What was the name of the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
What did the Command Module have that allowed it to survive a trans-lunar reentry?
On what date was Apollo 6 (AS-502) launched?
What test did NASA cancel after Apollo 6?
What was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
Where was Apollo 5 launched from?
Who wanted a second unmanned test of the LM?
What was the result of the LM engines being test-fired and restarted?
What is the abort mode of the ascent engine called?
How many Saturn IBs did Apollo 8 launch on?
What was the name of the Soviet spacecraft that sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968?
On what day did the Apollo 8 mission transmit pictures of the lunar surface?
What did George Low suggest Apollo 8 do instead of using the Saturn V?
Who did the Soviet Union plan to send to orbit the Moon in 1968?
What was the name of the crew of the Apollo 11 mission?
When was the G mission achieved on Apollo 11?
What did the Apollo 11 crew send back to Earth?
Who were the crew members of the G mission?
On what date did the Apollo 11 crew return to Earth?
On what mission did Pete Conrad and Alan L. Bean land?
What was the name of the unmanned lunar probe that landed on the Ocean of Storms?
What did Conrad and Bean do with some parts of the Surveyor 3?
The first lunar surface color television camera was damaged when accidentally pointed into what?
What did the final five missions carry?
What was revised for extended missions to allow greater flexibility and visibility for driving the LRV?
How many more planned landing sites did NASA announce in 1967?
How long would the CMP stay on the Moon?
What did NASA plan to increase the CSM and LM for the last five missions?
What caused the Apollo 13 crew to use the LM as a "life boat"?
What was the crew of Apollo 13 made up of?
What happened to Apollo 13 after the oxygen tank exploded?
What part of the Apollo 13 spacecraft exploded two days out?
When was Apollo 13 launched?
What was the name of the first Skylab mission?
What happened to NASA's yearly budget after the Apollo 20 landing?
What did the two unused Saturn Vs become?
In what year did NASA cancel missions 18 and 19?
How old are the rocks collected from the Moon compared to rocks found on Earth?
How old are the samples from the highlands crust of the Moon?
What geochemical component has no known terrestrial counterpart?
What is the name of the important rock found during the Apollo Program?
Many samples appear to be pitted with what?
Almost all the rocks show evidence of what?
What is impact melt?
What was the estimated cost of the Apollo program in 2005 dollars?
How many Saturn V rockets did NASA purchase?
How much did the Space Review estimate the cost of the Apollo program from 1959 to 1973?
What was the name of the Apollo Extension Series?
What was the name of the program that grew out of the Apollo Extension Series?
The most ambitious plan called for using an empty S-IVB as an interplanetary spacecraft for a fly-by mission to what planet?
In what year did the S-IVB orbital workshop launch?
How was the Skylab constructed?
When did the last crew leave the Skylab?
What was the solar telescope that would have been used on the Apollo Telescope Missions called?
What was the name of the robotic probe that photographed the lunar surface in 2009?
Which mission's flag was blown over on the Moon?
What is the degree to which these flags retain their original colors?
What was the name of the mission that sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon?
What book did Apollo 8 read on Christmas Eve, 1968?
How much of the population of the world saw the Christmas Eve transmission?
What did the Apollo 8 mission provide to 1968?
What was used to record the Moon landing data?
What was the format of the Apollo TV camera?
What prompted NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration to be recorded over with newer satellite data?
What did NASA use to replace the magnetic tapes?
Who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera?
Who compiled the original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11?
How was the video processed to remove random noise and camera shake?
What type of recordings were made at the Johnson Space Center?
Who restored the original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11?
In what color was the Apollo 11 video restored?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What is European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What are the secondary sources of European Union law?
What is the legislature of the European Union primarily composed of?
What is European Union law?
What effect do Regulations and Directives have on the laws of European Union member states?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What is the legislature of the European Union primarily composed of?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What is the legislature of the European Union primarily composed of?
How many sources of European Union law are there?
Who applies European Union law?
Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by what?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with case law and general principles of European Union law, what is a supplementary source of EU law?
Who applies European Union law?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with case law and general principles of European Union law, what is a supplementary source of EU law?
Who applies European Union law?
Who is responsible for applying European Union law?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What are some Supplementary sources of European Union law?
What are the EU's primary constitutional sources?
Who has the initiative to propose legislation?
Who elects the European Parliament?
What is the supreme judicial body which interprets EU law?
What is composed of the Prime Ministers or executive Presidents of the member states?
What is the primary law of the EU?
What region is excluded from the jurisdiction of European Union law?
What can the Court of Justice of the European Union do?
When can individuals rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union?
When do treaties apply?
What are the core treaties of the EU?
What are two territories where European Union law applies in territories where a member state is responsible for external relations?
How long do treaties apply?
Who can interpret the Treaties?
How did the principal Treaties that form the European Union begin?
What treaties established the formal institutions of the European Union?
In what year did Greenland sign a treaty giving it a special status?
When did Norway join the European Union?
What country signed a treaty in 1985 giving it a special status?
What did the principal Treaties that form the European Union begin with?
When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
When was the Single European Act signed?
When did the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway join the European Union?
In what year did Greenland sign a treaty giving it a special status?
When was there an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent?
What two referendums caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to never come into force?
How similar was the Lisbon Treaty to the proposed constitutional treaty?
What type of treaty was the Lisbon Treaty?
What did the Lisbon Treaty do?
What did the Nice Treaty attempt to do?
What would have happened if the Nice Treaty had been enacted?
What two referendums caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to never come into force?
What was enacted instead of the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe?
What is the main executive body of the European Union?
Who has a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How many Commissioners are there in the European Union?
Who is the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?
What article of the Treaty on European Union states that Commissioners should be completely independent?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How are decisions taken by the European Commission?
Which country refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007?
Who are the unelected subordinates of member state governments?
What Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999?
What did the European Court of Justice decide in Commission v Edith Cresson?
Who found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
Who appoints the board of the European Central Bank?
Do the President of the Council and a Commissioner have voting rights in ECB meetings?
When was the Santer Commission censured by Parliament?
What was the main case that resulted in the European Court of Justice holding that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job for which he was clearly unqualified did in fact not break any law?
Who found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
What did the Committee of Independent Experts found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
In what year did the European Anti-fraud Office investigate the Maltese Commissioner for Health?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
Why is equality and democracy deficient in the EU?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What percentage of the Parliament can censure the whole Commission?
What did the Court of Justice hold in Parti écologiste "Les Verts" v Parliament?
Who has a monopoly on initiating legislation?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
When did the European Parliament hold its first direct elections?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What is the largest political party in the European Parliament?
Who is the Council composed of?
Who is the current President of the European Council?
How is voting weighted to member state size?
How many votes are there in the European Council?
How many votes does the European Council have?
What is the second main legislative body of the EU?
How often does the European Council meet?
How many votes are there in the European Council?
What does TEU article 16(4) and TFEU article 238(3) define this to mean?
How many MEPs must vote to block a Commission proposal?
What must the Council vote by to approve changes?
Is it easier or harder to change EU law than stay the same?
Which articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
Who believes it has the final say within the EU?
What defines the "ordinary legislative procedure" that applies for most EU acts?
What does TFEU article 294 mean?
Which articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
What group is convened to try and get agreement on a joint text?
What branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
How many judges are there in each member state of the EU?
Most EU law is applied by who?
What is the CJEU's duty?
How has the judicial branch of the EU played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
What is the name of the tribunal that deals with EU staff issues?
How long is the term of the president of the General Court?
What is the CJEU's duty?
What law has primacy within the EU?
Why did the Italian Constitutional Court say Costa had no claim?
In what years were the Regulations in Amministrazione delle Finanze v Simmenthal SpA issued?
Who has had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems?
In what year did Costa v ENEL take place?
Who holds that EU law has primacy if EU law conflicts with a provision of national law?
What takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties?
What do member states not accept that the Court of Justice has the final say on?
In what year was the European Communities Act enacted?
What does the German Constitutional Court believe the EU's legitimacy rests on?
What is the view of the German Constitutional Court?
What binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
In what year were citizens or corporations said to not be allowed to bring claims against other non-state parties?
What actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review?
What type of law binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
In what case was it held that the provisions of the Treaties (and EU Regulations) are directly effective?
What article of the TFEU prevented the Dutch Customs Authorities from charging tariffs on urea-formaldehyde plastics?
What was Van Gend en Loos?
EU Regulations are the same as what in this sense?
What do not generally give citizens standing to sue other citizens?
How many paid holidays does the Working Time Directive require every worker to have each year?
Most member states require more than how many days of paid holidays in national law?
When did Advocate Generals argue that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?
What happens if a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met?
How can a citizen or company invoke a Directive?
How many years did Kücükdeveci work for Swedex GmbH & Co KG?
What company made women retire at age 60 and men at 65?
What was the age limit that British Gas plc made for employees?
Who has a duty to interpret domestic law as far as possible?
What did the First Company Law Directive article 11 require?
What did the Italian government do in Francovich v Italy?
How much did Francovich claim in damages in Francovich v Italy?
Who developed the principles of European Union law?
What are some accepted general principles of European Union Law?
How long has proportionality been recognized by the European Court of Justice?
Where is the principle of proportionality recognized in the EC Treaty?
What must be adopted when there is a choice between several appropriate measures?
How long has the concept of legal certainty been recognized by the European Court of Justice?
The concept of legal certainty is an important general principle of what two areas of law?
The adoption of laws which will have legal effect in the European Union must have what?
The doctrine of legitimate expectation has its roots in what principles?
Where is the European Court of Justice bound to draw inspiration?
The European Court of Justice cannot uphold measures which are incompatible with what?
How many of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights?
Who should be prevented from violating human rights?
In what year was the European Convention on Human Rights established?
What European court recognized fundamental rights as general principle of European Union law?
In what year did the European Council set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?
In what year was the Lisbon Treaty signed?
What document has become an integral part of European Union law?
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has become an integral part of what?
Who enforces the Charter and Convention in relation to European Union measures?
The Social Chapter is a chapter of what treaty?
In what year was the Treaty of Amsterdam signed?
When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?
How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?
How many pieces of legislation did the Social Charter become the basis for?
Who adopted the Social Charter in 1989?
Which member state vetoed the Social Charter being included as the "Social Chapter" of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty?
What did the protocol become known as?
In what year was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
What event in 1997 led to the UK formally subscribing to the Agreement on Social Policy?
In what year was the Agreement on Social Policy added to the Treaty of Amsterdam?
What law required workforce consultation in businesses?
In what year did the Parental Leave Directive come into effect?
What did the 1994 Works Council Directive require?
Who signed the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) agreement?
In what year was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) agreement signed?
What did Article 65 of the agreement ban?
What article of the Treaty of Rome made provisions for concentrations, or mergers?
In what year were competition rules included in the Treaty of Rome?
What article of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements?
What does Article 102 prohibit?
What articles provide that a member state's right to deliver public services may not be obstructed?
What article of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits the abuse of dominant position?
When was the concept of a "social market economy" introduced into EU law?
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
What is the goal of breaking down barriers to trade?
What is not supposed to spill over into a licence for unrestricted commercial profit?
Who has taken the view that the specific goals of free trade are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty for improvement of people's well being?
How is free movement of goods within the European Union achieved?
Who did the Belgian law discriminate against?
Who can states be responsible for?
In what case were French farmer vigilantes continually sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries?
What did Austria fail to ban in Schmidberger v Austria?
What percentage did Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonopol für Branntwein result in?
Where did Rewe-Zentrale AG want to import Cassis de Dijon from?
In what year did Commission v Italy take place?
What was all Italian chocolate made from?
What did the Court of Justice say was not justified by the pursuit of consumer protection?
Which two importers claimed that their prosecution under a French competition law prevented them from selling Picon beer under wholesale price?
What was the aim of the law to prevent?
What case reviewed Swedish bans on advertising to children under age 12?
Under what law did the EU harmonise restrictions on restrictions on marketing and advertising?
What did the Treaties seek?
What originally focused upon free movement of workers as a "factor of production"?
From the 1970s, free movement was increasingly based on what?
In what case did a German man claim the right to residence in the Netherlands?
What did the Court of Justice hold that Mr Steymann was entitled to?
What are the main provisions of the Free Movement of Workers Regulation?
What was the name of the Belgian footballer in the Belgian Football Association v Bosman?
In Groener v Minister for Education, what language was required to teach in a Dublin design college?
In Angonese v Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano SpA a bank was not allowed to require a bilingual certificate that could only be obtained in Bolivia?
In Angonese v Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano SpA a bank was not allowed to require a bilingual certificate that could only be obtained in Bolivia?
What has increasingly been seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice?
What has citizenship of the EU increased?
What case held that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students to avoid "structural, staffing and financial problems"?
What has the Court of Justice required more access to?
What protects the freedom of establishment?
How would the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice be allowed?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he lacked Belgian nationality was unjustified?
What article of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union protects the "freedom of establishment"?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction?
In what year was a toxic waste spill off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire?
What did Spain not have a crime against?
When did the Court of Justice rule that the Commission could not propose what the criminal sanctions could be?
In what year was the competence for the Union to do this contested at the Court of Justice?
Who does TFEU article 56 apply to?
Why was Van Binsbergen v Bestuur van de Bedrijfvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid?
What type of drugs were controlled in all member states?
What did the Dutch health authorities consider unnecessary?
What newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands without first settling its tax bills in the UK?
How much capital did UK law require to start a company?
What was the minimum capital required to start a company in Denmark?
What could restrictions on freedom of establishment be justified by?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a German court could not deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract in Germany on the basis that it was not validly incorporated in Germany?
What is another name for the Amazon rainforest?
How much of the Amazon basin is covered by the rainforest?
How many nations are in the Amazon rainforest?
How many nations have "Amazonas" in their names?
How many rainforests are in the world?
What is the Dutch name for the Amazon rainforest?
What is the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world?
Where is the majority of the Amazon rainforest located?
How much of the planet's remaining rainforests does the Amazon represent?
How many species are in the Amazon rainforest?
What type of forest is the Amazon rainforest?
How many square miles is the Amazon basin?
How many nations are in the Amazon basin?
Where is the majority of the Amazon rainforest located?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon rainforest?
What may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
What has happened to savanna regions during the last 34 million years?
When did the Oligocene rainforest span a narrow band?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
How did the rainforest survive during the glacial periods?
What may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
From 66-34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as how many degrees?
What has allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
During what period did the rainforest span a narrow band?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
What event may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
When did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
When did the rainforest expand again?
When did the rainforest retract to a mostly inland formation?
How long have climate fluctuations allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split along the middle of the continent?
What direction did the water flow from the Purus Arch?
What is the name of the large basin that enclosed a lake?
When did water break through the Purus Arch?
What happened to the water that broke through the Purus Arch?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split by the Purus Arch?
What body of water did water on the eastern side of the Purus Arch flow toward?
What body of water did the western side of the Amazon flow toward?
What is the name of the basin on the west side of the Purus Arch?
What is the name of the large basin that enclosed a lake?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
What is believed to have split the drainage basin of the Amazon during the mid-Eocene?
What body of water did water on the eastern side of the Purus Arch flow toward?
What body of water did the western side of the Amazon flow toward?
What is the name of the large basin that enclosed a lake?
During what period did the Amazon rainforest vegetation change?
What do sediment deposits from the Amazon basin paleolakes and the Amazon Fan indicate?
What do some scientists argue happened to the rainforest?
Is it easy or difficult to resolve the debate over the extent of the reduction of the Amazon rainforest?
Is the debate over whether the rainforest remained intact or was reduced to small refugia supported by available data?
How many years have there been significant changes in the Amazon rainforest vegetation?
Through what two events has there been significant changes in the Amazon rainforest vegetation?
Analyses of what from the Amazon basin paleolakes indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present?
What is the most likely cause of the lower rainfall in the Amazon basin during the LGM?
How many years have there been significant changes in the Amazon rainforest vegetation?
Analyses of what from the Amazon basin paleolakes indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present?
What type of vegetation was reduced in the Amazon basin during the LGM?
Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by what?
Why is the debate difficult to resolve because of the practical limitations of working in the rainforest?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far does the dust travel from the Sahara to the Atlantic Ocean?
Where do 27.7 million tons of dust fall over?
How much dust remains in the air?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How many tons of dust fall over the Amazon basin?
How much dust remains in the air?
How much dust falls on the Caribbean Sea?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Who's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far does the dust travel from the Sahara to the Atlantic Ocean?
How many tons of dust fall over the Amazon basin?
What was the name of Betty Meggers' book?
What is the population density of the Amazon rainforest?
What is needed to sustain a large population in the Amazon rainforest?
What type of findings have suggested that the region was actually densely populated?
How many people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
Why was it thought it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture?
Who wrote the book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise?
What did Betty Meggers claim was the maximum population density?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
Who wrote the book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
What did Betty Meggers claim was the maximum population density?
How many people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
By the early 1980s, how many people lived in the Amazon rainforest?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
In what decade did Orellana claim that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon?
What is believed to have devastated the Pre-Columbian civilization?
When were geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
Between what years have geoglyphs been discovered on deforested land?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
In what year did Francisco de Orellana travel the length of the Amazon River?
Between what years have geoglyphs been discovered on deforested land?
Who is accredited with first discovering the geoglyphs?
How long has the Amazon rainforest been shaped by man?
What is Terra preta?
Where is Terra preta distributed in the Amazon forest?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow?
What tribe's remains were found in 2003 in the middle of the Amazon?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe settlements in 2003?
What is now widely accepted as a product of indigenous soil management?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow?
What tribe's remains were found in 2003 in the middle of the Amazon?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe settlements in 2003?
What was found in the remains of the Xingu tribe?
How many insect species live in the Amazon?
How many bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many of the fish species in the world live in the Amazon?
How many invertebrate species have been described in Brazil?
How many insect species live in the Amazon?
How many birds and mammals live in the Amazon?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many reptiles have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
What is the size of a quarter square kilometer of Ecuadorian rainforest?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many tonnes of living plants were found in one square kilometer of Amazon rainforest in 1999?
What is the average plant biomass in the Amazon rainforest?
How many species of plants have been registered in the Ecuadorian rainforest?
What is the biodiversity of plant species in the Ecuadorian rainforest?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many tonnes of living plants were found in one square kilometer of Amazon rainforest in 1999?
What is the average plant biomass per hectare in the Amazon rainforest?
How many species of plants have been registered in the Ecuadorian rainforest?
What type of eel can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill?
What is one of the largest predatory creatures in the rainforest?
What are known to bite and injure humans?
What do poison dart frogs secrete through their flesh?
What type of bats can spread the rabies virus?
What is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas?
When was access to the forest's interior highly restricted?
What farming method was used in the 1960s?
Why were the colonists unable to manage their fields and crops?
What can you see from outer space?
What was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
What was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
What did most of the lost forest become?
What is Brazil's ranking as a producer of soybeans?
What percentage of land in the Amazon has been used for livestock pasture since 1970?
Who has been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects that are currently developing in the Amazon?
What did the first two highways lead to?
What was the mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What happened to deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014?
What was the mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What are environmentalists concerned about?
Environmentalists are concerned about loss of biodiversity that will result from what?
What could accelerate global warming?
How much carbon does the Amazonian evergreen forests hold in ecosystems?
How much carbon does the Amazonian evergreen forests hold?
What could cause the Amazon rainforest to become unsustainable?
What causes climate change in the Amazon rainforest?
By what year could the Amazon rainforest lose most of its cover?
When could the Amazon rainforest be threatened by climate change?
What could threaten the Amazon rainforest in the 21st century?
What continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide?
Along with ethno-biology, what type of conservation efforts have gained increased attention?
What are the causes of the destruction of indigenous territories?
Which indigenous people continue to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories?
What type of peoples have the relationship between non-human primates and subsistence and symbolism gained increased attention?
What is being used by the indigenous tribes to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests?
What tribe uses Google Earth to map out their ancestral lands?
Where do the Trio Tribe live?
Why do members of the Trio Tribe map out their ancestral lands?
Why are the indigenous tribes of the basin using remote sensing?
What stage is crucial to accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions?
What does the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the forest help map?
Who organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
In what year did Tatiana Kuplich organize the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
What type of radar did Kuplich use?
In what year did parts of the Amazon basin experience the worst drought in one hundred years?
Who argued that the rainforest is on the brink of being turned into savanna or desert?
What is the effect of the drought on the regional climate?
What is the Amazon on the brink of being turned into?
Who reported that the Amazon could survive only three years of drought?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience another severe drought?
How many square miles of rainforest was affected by the 2010 drought?
How many epicenters did the 2010 drought have?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience a severe drought?
How much carbon dioxide does the Amazon absorb in a typical year?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
Where do comb jellies live?
How large are ctenophora adults?
What is Ctenophora?
What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?
What do both ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What is the size of an adult comb jellies?
What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
What is the size of an adult comb jellies?
What do both ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What is the Greek word for comb jellies?
Where do comb jellies live?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
How many species of ctenophores have not been fully described and named?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
What are little tentacles called in ctenophores?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What do cydippids have retractable?
What do coastal beroids use as teeth?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are little tentacles called in ctenophores?
What do coastal beroids use as teeth?
What are sticky cells that capture prey called?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
How many species are hermaphrodites?
What do most platyctenids' young look like?
Are juveniles capable of reproduction before reaching the adult size?
What does a hermaphrodite do?
What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?
What type of hermaphrodites have eggs and sperm mature at different times?
What species' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?
What is sequential hermaphrodites?
What species' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What are the exceptions to the rule of hermaphroditism?
Where has Mnemiopsis been accidentally introduced?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What other factors contributed to the growth of the Mnemiopsis population?
What do Beroe preys on?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What did Mnemiopsis eat?
Where do ctenophores occur in very high numbers?
Where do ctenophores occur in very high numbers?
What are phytoplankton?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What is Mnemiopsis blamed for?
What helped to mitigate the problem of Mnemiopsis?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event occur?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
How long ago were fossils of ctenophores found in lagerstätten?
Fossils thought to represent ctenophores have no what?
How long ago were fossils of ctenophores found in lagerstätten?
After what event did all modern ctenophores appear?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
Fossils thought to represent ctenophores have no what?
Ctenophores are about as complex as what other animal phylum?
How are ctenophores distinguished from all other animals?
Ctenophores are less complex than what group of animals?
What is an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges?
Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having what?
Ctenophores are about as complex as what other animal phylum?
Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having what?
Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having what?
What two animals are more complex than sponges?
Ctenophores are less complex than what group of animals?
What is the middle layer of jelly-like material in cnidarians and ctenophores called?
What are ctenophores and cnidarians traditionally labelled?
Which animals have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly?
Ctenophores and cnidarians have traditionally been labelled diploblastic, along with what other animal?
What do ctenophores use as their main method of locomotion?
What do ctenophores use cilia for?
What are bands of cilia called that are stacked along the comb rows?
What does the name "ctenophora" mean?
What is the name of the cydippid genera of ctenophores?
What type of ctenophores do not preserve well?
What do coastal species need to be tough enough to do?
What are the three coastal genera of ctenophores?
What is the inner surface of the cavity lined with?
What do photocytes produce?
What is the name of the throat of an annelid?
What does the internal cavity form?
What are the most active parts of an annelid?
What are the comb rows called?
What are "combs" also called?
What is the extra compact filament suspected to have?
Where do ctenophores usually swim?
How long are the cilia in ctenophores?
What do some species rely on to adapt to water of different densities?
Where do ctenophores pump water when they enter less dense brackish water?
What do the ciliary rosettes pump into the mesoglea to do?
What do ctenophores do when they move from brackish to full-strength seawater?
What is the largest single sensory feature of a ctenophore?
Where is the aboral organ?
What is the statocyst protected by?
What is the main component of the aboral organ?
What is a statocyst?
What is another name for Pleurobrachia?
What does the Pleurobrachia have on both sides of the body?
Cydippid ctenophores have bodies that are what?
Where are the tentacles of Pleurobrachia housed?
Where is the mouth of Pleurobrachia?
What does Euplokamis have?
What are colloblasts?
What does the tentilla of Euplokamis differ from other cydippids?
How many types of movement do Euplokamis' tentilla have?
What are Euplokamis' tentilla used for?
How many rows of combs are there?
Where do the combs run?
How are the combs spaced?
What runs out under the dome and then splits to connect with two adjacent comb rows?
What are muscular extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth?
What are auricles?
How many auricles do many species of lobates have?
What do the water currents produced by the auricles do?
What do lobates feed on?
How can members of the genera Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis escape from danger?
What happens when lobates clap their lobes?
Lobates' combs are coordinated by what?
Lobates' combs are coordinated by nerves rather than by what?
What is another name for the Beroida?
What is another name for Nuda?
What does the narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do?
What do the narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do when the animal is not feeding?
What is just inside the large mouth and filling most of the saclike body?
What are ribbon-shaped planktonic animals?
What is one of the largest ctenophores?
What are Cestida?
How can Cestids swim?
What can move much faster in a "darting motion"?
What is on the aboral surface of Platyctenida?
How do Platyctenids use the pharynx as a foot?
All but one of the known platyctenid species lack what?
Where do Platyctenids live?
How are eggs and sperm released in platyctenids?
What type of fertilization do platyctenids use?
What genus of platyctenids have occasionally seen self-fertilization?
Where are the gonads located in platyctenids?
What type of fertilization do platyctenids use?
What do juveniles in the genus Beroe lack?
Where do flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids live?
When do flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids attain the adult form?
How do the juveniles of flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids behave?
In what genus do juveniles lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths?
When some species of ctenophores are disturbed, what do they do?
When do some species of ctenophores produce secretions that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies?
What do ctenophores produce secretions called when disturbed?
What is the effect of size on the luminescence of ctenophores?
Are ctenophores vegetarians or predators?
What do Haeckelia prey on?
How do members of the genus Haeckelia prey on jellyfish?
What does Bolinopsis generally feed on?
What two-tentacled "cydippid" feeds exclusively on salps?
Why were ctenophores regarded as dead ends in marine food chains?
What fish digest ctenophores 20 times as fast as an equal weight of shrimps?
What do jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of?
Where are herbivorous fishes deliberately feeding on gelatinous zooplankton during blooms?
What do jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of?
What was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov in the late 1980s?
How was the Western Atlantic ctenophore accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
How were Mnemiopsis populations in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov eventually brought under control?
When was the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What did the cooling of the local climate do to the fish?
Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils?
The Ediacaran Eoandromeda could putatively represent what?
In what period were ctenophores found in the Burgess Shale?
How many ctenophores were found in the Burgess Shale?
How did the three putative species of ctenophores differ from living species?
How long ago was Stromatoveris dated?
What is similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period?
What is the name of the early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil?
What is Stromatoveris very similar to?
Stromatoveris is similar to Vendobionta of what period?
Ctenophores have been purported to be the sister lineage to the Bilateria, sister to the Cnidaria, and sister to what other animal phyla?
What is the earliest diverging animal phylum?
All modern ctenophores except for what have cydippid-like larvae?
What did Richard Harbison's purely morphological analysis in 1985 conclude about cydippids?
When was the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event?
Who concluded that the cydippids are not monophyletic?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
How far is Fresno from Los Angeles?
What does Fresno mean in Spanish?
What is featured on Fresno's flag?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
In what year did the Central Pacific Railroad establish a station near Easterby's?
Why did many Millerton residents move to Fresno?
When did Fresno become an incorporated city?
How many streetcars did the Fresno Traction Company operate in 1931?
What grew the town of Fresno Station?
What percentage of Fresno's population was Asian in 1940?
What neighborhood was primarily Japanese?
Where was the Pinedale Assembly Center located?
What was the purpose of the Pinedale Assembly Center?
What was the Fresno Fairgrounds used for?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What did BankAmericard allow cardholders to do?
In what year was BankAmericard spun off into a separate company?
What is the current name of BankAmericard?
Who wrote the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Who recorded the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Where did Bill Aken grow up?
Where did Bill Aken make his first TV appearance?
Who adopted Bill Aken?
How many large public parks does Fresno have?
What park is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo?
What is the largest of the Fresno region's park system?
What is the name of the Japanese garden in Woodward Park?
What is the largest of the Fresno region's park system?
When did Downtown Fresno flourish?
What were the original names of the buildings in Downtown Fresno?
What is the current name of the Grand 1401?
What hotel was burned down in Downtown Fresno?
In what year was Fulton Street converted into a pedestrian mall?
What was Fresno's main financial and commercial district renamed in 1964?
Who is the only public art piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch?
Where will the public art pieces be placed?
What type of sidewalks will be added to Fulton Mall to keep it pedestrian friendly?
Where is Sunnyside located?
What are the major thoroughfares of Sunnyside?
When was Sunnyside developed?
What neighborhood is on Fresno's far southeast side?
Who designed the Sunnyside Country Club's golf course?
What is included on the National List of Historic Places?
When was the Tower Theatre built?
What is the name of the well-known landmark that is actually in another nearby area?
What was the original name of California State University at Fresno?
How far is Fresno City College from the Tower District?
When did the Tower Theatre reopen?
What type of movies did the Tower Theatre show?
In what year did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater and Good Company Players open?
Where is Audra McDonald from?
What two shows did Audra McDonald perform in at the Tower Theatre?
Along with restaurants, nightclubs, and bookstores, what type of theater is in the Tower District?
How close are the independent shops and bookstores in the Tower District?
What is the center of Fresno's punk/goth/deathrock and heavy metal community?
What is the center of Fresno's punk/goth/deathrock and heavy metal community?
What is the center of Fresno's punk/goth/deathrock and heavy metal community?
What type of homes are in the Tower District?
What type of houses were designed by Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler?
How does the residential architecture of the Tower District compare with the newer areas of tract homes?
When have many of the early twentieth century homes in the Tower District been restored?
What street provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital?
Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract?
In what year did developers Billings & Meyering acquire the Alta Vista Tract?
How many homes were in the Alta Vista Tract in 1914?
Who provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital?
What is another name for the West Side of Fresno?
In what direction does the West Side of Fresno lie from Downtown Fresno?
What community is the West Side of Fresno considered to be the center of?
Along with Mexican-American and Asian-American, what other ethnic groups live in the West Side?
What is one of the oldest neighborhoods in Fresno?
Who was Kearney Boulevard named after?
What is Kearney Boulevard lined with?
What was the preferred neighborhood for Fresno's elite African-American families?
What is the name of the section of Kearney Boulevard south of Jensen and west of Elm?
What was the "Dogg Pound" known as?
When were public housing developments built in the neighborhood?
What is the name of the modern shopping center being built on the corner of?
What companies have large processing facilities in the neighborhood?
Where is the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport?
How much retail activity does the neighborhood have?
Who founded Woodward Park?
How many acres is Woodward Park?
How many people can Woodward Park's multi-use amphitheatre hold?
How long is the Lewis S. Eaton trail system?
When is Woodward Park open?
When was Sierra Sky Park Airport formed?
Who created the nation's first planned aviation community?
What was the first planned aviation community to be built?
Along with personal aircraft, what type of vehicle was allowed to share certain roads at Sierra Sky Park Airport?
How many aviation communities are there in the U.S.?
What type of summers does Fresno have?
Which month is the warmest in Fresno?
What is the average annual precipitation in Fresno?
What direction do most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from?
In what months is there an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics?
What is the official record high temperature for Fresno?
On what date was Fresno's record low temperature set?
In what year did Fresno get the most rainfall in 24 hours?
How much snow did Fresno get on January 21, 1962?
How much rain did Fresno get in 24 hours in 1885?
What was the population of Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's population was white in 2010?
How many Native American people lived in Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's population was non-Hispanic Whites in 2010?
What was the population density per square mile in 2010?
How many households had children under the age of 18 living in them?
What percentage of households had a female householder with no husband present?
How many same-sex married couples or partnerships were there?
What was the average family size?
What was the average household size?
How many people lived in Tucson in 2000?
How many housing units were there in Tucson in 2000?
What percentage of the population is Black or African American?
How much of the population of Tucson is Hmong?
What was the population density of Tucson in 2000?
Why did the Federal Communications Commission decide that Fresno would only have UHF television stations?
What was the first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting?
When did KMJ-TV begin broadcasting?
What is KMJ-TV now known as?
What is the name of the CBS affiliate in Fresno?
What is the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley?
What is the name of State Route 168?
What freeway comes into Fresno from Atascadero in the south?
What direction does State Route 180 come from?
What is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway?
When was the Interstate Highway System created?
What is the name of the State Route that is now State Route 99?
Why was State Route 99 upgraded to interstate standards?
Who provides passenger rail service in Fresno?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot located?
Which railroads cross in Fresno?
What railroad operates former Southern Pacific branchlines out of Fresno?
In what city is the Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad cross?
What concept did Paul Baran develop?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What did the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching contradict?
What is the name of the modern name packet switching?
What did Paul Baran develop?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What is the name of the modern name packet switching?
Packet switching contrasts with what principal networking paradigm?
How is circuit switching characterized in cases of billable services?
How is packet switching characterized?
Packet switching contrasts with what principal networking paradigm?
What is circuit switching?
How is circuit switching characterized in cases of billable services?
How is packet switching characterized?
How can Packet mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes?
What happens in case of a shared physical medium?
How can Packet mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
What happens in case of a shared physical medium?
What did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation?
What did Baran develop the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching into?
What are packets later called?
What is one of the main ideas of the report P-2626?
What did report P-2626 describe?
How were messages delivered in the report?
What did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation?
What is one of the main ideas of the report P-2626?
What did Donald Davies do in 1965?
What did Donald Davies call his message routing methodology?
What did Donald Davies do with packet switching?
What did Roger Scantlebury suggest the packet switching methodology for?
Who developed the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What did Donald Davies call his message routing methodology?
What did Roger Scantlebury do with Lawrence Roberts' work?
In connectionless mode, what does each packet include?
How are packets routed in connectionless mode?
How are the packets labeled in connectionless mode?
What happens at the destination of a connectionless mode packet?
What is different for different packets?
What does a node have to do to route a packet?
What does a connection-oriented transmission include?
What does connection-oriented transmission require?
What do X.25 and Frame Relay provide?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
When didARPANET and SITA HLN become operational?
What were the two fundamental differences in network technologies before X.25?
What is a virtual call system?
What is an example of a datagram protocol?
What was AppleTalk?
What features did AppleTalk include?
What did the AppleTalk system do?
What type of system was AppleTalk?
What was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
What was the CYCLADES packet switching network the first to do?
How was the CYCLADES packet switching network designed?
What did concepts of the CYCLADES packet switching network influence?
What is DECnet?
What was the original purpose of DECnet?
How was DECnet originally built?
What was different about DECnet Phase II?
What did Warner Sinback do in 1965?
What was the name of GE's computer time-sharing service?
What happened to GE's computer sales and service centers?
What did Warner Sinback decide?
Why was the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad formed?
What was the first demonstration of the packet-switched network?
What was added to the network in the mid-1980s?
What was Telenet?
Who founded Telenet?
What was Telenet founded for?
What did Telenet change the host interface to?
When did Telenet go public?
What was Tymnet?
What did Tymnet do?
How did Tymnet users connect to the network?
Who did Tymnet allow to build their own networks?
How were private networks connected to Tymnet?
What networks were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface?
Who developed DATAPAC?
How could a user or host call a host on a foreign network?
What was AUSTPAC?
What did AUSTPAC support?
How can you access AUSTPAC?
What was Datanet 1?
What did Datanet 1 refer to?
What did the name Datanet 1 also refer to?
Why was the name Datanet 1 incorrect?
What was the name of the computer network funded by the US National Science Foundation?
What was the purpose of the Computer Science Network?
What role did the CSNET play?
What is Internet2?
Who built the first Internet2 Network?
What was the name of the first Internet2 Network?
What did Internet2 announce in 2006?
What did Internet2 do in October, 2007?
What does NSFNET stand for?
What did NSFNET promote?
What did NSFNET do?
What is the vBNS?
What was the purpose of the Very high-speed Backbone Network Service?
How was the Very high-speed Backbone Network Service built?
By 1998, how many universities were connected to the vBNS?
How did the vBNS upgrade its backbone?
Where is the Black Death thought to have originated?
What type of ships were passengers on during the Black Death?
How much of Europe's population was killed by the Black Death?
When did the world population as a whole recover to pre-plague levels?
When did the plague recurred occasionally in Europe?
What does enzootic mean?
What Nestorian graves are near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan?
In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in what country?
In what year did a widespread famine begin in China?
How many Chinese and other Asians were killed by epidemics that may have included plague?
Who first introduced the Black Death to Europe?
Who led the Mongol army during the siege of Kaffa?
What did the Mongol army catapult over the city walls of Kaffa to infect the inhabitants?
Where did the Genoese traders take the plague by ship?
What conditions contributed to the severity of the Black Death?
Where did the plague spread from Italy?
Where did the plague spread to in 1351?
Where was the plague less common?
Where did the plague spread east from Italy?
In what year was the plague introduced in Norway?
What did the plague cause in the Middle East?
When did the plague reach Alexandria in Egypt?
How did the plague reach Alexandria in Egypt?
What happened to Antioch when the plague reached the city?
Who claimed that the Latin name atra mors first appeared in modern times in 1631?
What is the Latin name for the 14th-century epidemic?
Who wrote "Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant"?
In what year was the Black Death first called the Black death in England?
Where did the name atra mors spread through?
What did the medical faculty in Paris blame for the plague?
Who did the medical faculty in Paris report to?
What theory became the most widely accepted theory?
What is the theory that the plague was caused by bad air known as today?
What is the dominant explanation for the Black Death?
Where did the investigation of the pathogen that caused the 19th-century plague begin?
Who was the first scientist to investigate the pathogen that caused the 19th-century plague?
What was established in 1898 by Paul-Louis Simond?
What was the bubonic plague mechanism dependent on?
Who wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893?
What did Francis Aidan Gasquet think the Great Pestilence would appear to be?
In what year was the second edition of Gasquet's book published?
What did Gasquet implicate in the second edition of the Black Death?
What was the Justinian plague?
What is the mortality rate of the modern bubonic plague?
What is the temperature range of the modern bubonic plague?
What percentage of people who contract the bubonic plague die within eight days?
What is the mortality rate of pneumonic plague?
What are the symptoms of septicemic plague?
When did PLoS Pathogens publish a paper about the role of Yersinia pestis?
What was the purpose of the paper published in October 2010?
How did the team assess the presence of DNA/RNA?
Where did the researchers find Yersinia pestis?
What did the new research conclude about the Black Death?
What is another term for clades?
What are the two modern Y. pestis strains?
What does the study suggest about the spread of the plague?
When did the first variant of the plague enter Europe?
When did the plague reach England?
The results of the Haensch study have since been what?
Where was the burial site of the Black Death victims located?
What did Schuenemann conclude about the variant of Y. pestis that caused the Black Death?
When was a study published in Nature that sequenced the genome of Y. pestis?
Who challenged the plague theory in 1970?
What did Shrewsbury say was inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague?
What did Shrewsbury conclude about the rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th century pandemic?
What did Graham Twigg produce in 1984?
Who was the author of the 2002 book that challenged the Black Death theory?
What is as important as an identification of symptoms?
Why are researchers hampered by an epidemiological account of the plague?
How much do estimates of the population at the start of the plague vary?
 Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from whom?
When did no census take place in England?
What do sceptics of the bubonic plague theory argue to account for a pandemic?
What is the significance of transference via fleas in goods?
Why are some sceptics of the bubonic plague theory concerned about the survival of fleas?
Was the spread of the Black Death faster or slower than that of modern bubonic plague?
How long did the outbreaks of the Black Death last?
What did Twigg suggest was the cause of the plague?
What did Norman Cantor think the cause of the plague may have been?
Along with bubonic plague, what other diseases have been suggested to have caused the pandemic?
What is septicemic?
How many bodies were exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London?
What was the most widely accepted death rate for the Middle East during the Black Death?
How much of Paris's population died from the Black Death?
What do recent scientific investigations of a burial pit in Central London suggest?
In crowded cities, it was not uncommon for what percentage of the population to die?
What areas were less vulnerable to contagion?
When did the plague repeatedly return to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean?
How many times was the plague present in Europe between 1346 and 1671?
How many people did France lose to the plague in 1628-31?
What did historians propose in 1300?
When did the Black Death subsided in England?
How much of the population was affected by the Black Death in 1471?
When did the Great Plague of London end?
How many people died of the plague in Paris in 1466?
The Black Death continued on into what country?
What is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War?
When was the last plague outbreak in Oslo?
How many times did the plague occur in Venice?
In the first half of the 17th century, a plague claimed how many victims in Italy?
How many people were killed by the plague in Naples in 1656?
What did the plague of 1649 do to the population of Seville?
What was the name of the Great Northern War?
When did Europe's last major epidemic occur?
When was the Black Death present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year?
How many people did Algiers lose to the Black Death in 1620-21?
How long did the Black Death remain a major event in Ottoman society?
How much of Baghdad's population has been wiped out by the Black Death?
What does an igneous rock crystallize from?
What type of rock can a sedimentary rock be turned into?
What is formed when igneous rock is re-melted?
What are the three major types of rock?
What causes a sedimentary rock to become a metamorphic rock?
What was the most important discovery in the 1960s?
What is the Earth's lithosphere?
What is the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle called?
The oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of what?
In what decade did discoveries show that the Earth's lithosphere is separated into a number of tectonic plates?
Mid-ocean ridges were explained as what?
Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes were explained as what?
What is the San Andreas fault system?
Who developed the theory of continental drift?
The power of the theory of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over what?
What can seismologists use in reverse to image the interior of the Earth?
What is the top of the layered model of the Earth?
What is below the crust and lithosphere of the Earth?
What have seismologists been able to create detailed images of inside the earth?
What are below the layered model of the Earth?
What does the second scale show?
What period is a very short period with short epochs?
What epoch is too small to be shown clearly on the third timeline?
What does Q stand for?
What pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?
If a fault penetrates some formations but not those on top of them, then the formations that were not cut must be what?
What may help determine whether a fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault?
If a fault penetrates some formations but not those on top of them, then the formations that were cut must be what?
What are foreign bodies that are picked up as magma or lava flows and incorporated, later to cool in the matrix?
In igneous rocks, foreign bodies are picked up as what?
What are inclusions called in sedimentary rocks?
What states that sedimentary rocks must be older than the formation that contains them?
What can be ripped up and included in a newer layer of sedimentary rocks?
What is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
Who laid out the principles of faunal succession?
How does the principle of faunal succession become given the uncertainties of fossilization?
What exist at the same time period throughout the world?
Whose theory of evolution was based on principles laid out by William Smith?
When was it possible to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events?
What did geologists previously use to date sections of rock relative to one another?
With isotopic dates it became possible to assign what to rock units?
Prior to the 20th century, geologists could only date sections of rock relative to what?
With isotopic dates, absolute dates could be applied to what?
What can be used to determine temperature profiles within the crust?
What is the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice?
What is measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature?
What can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units which do not contain radioactive isotopes?
When rock units are placed under what, they shorten and become thicker?
Where can brittle deformation occur?
What are the folds where the material in the center of the fold buckles upwards called?
What are antiforms and synclines?
If the tops of the rock units within the folds remain pointing upwards, what are they called?
What causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner?
What are stretched rocks called when they pinch into lenses?
Where can the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon be seen?
Rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched are often also what?
What causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner?
What long, planar igneous intrusions enter along cracks?
Where do dikes often form in large numbers?
Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of what?
What maintains the topographic gradient in spite of the movement of sediment?
What is associated with volcanism and igneous activity?
What does the Hawaiian Islands consist of?
What is the oldest known rock in the world?
The mid-continental United States and the Grand Canyon contain almost-undeformed stacks of what?
The sedimentary sequences of the mid-continental United States and the Grand Canyon contain almost-undeformed stacks of sedimentary rocks that have remained in place since what time?
Where is the Acasta gneiss from?
What is petrology?
What is stratigraphy?
What is structural geology?
Along with rivers, landscapes, glaciers, and glaciers, what do geologists study?
What do petrologists do in the field?
What are some properties of minerals that can be identified in plane-polarized light?
Stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into what?
Where do petrologists identify rock samples?
What type of microscope is used in optical mineralogy analysis?
Along with temperature experiments, what type of experiments can be performed to understand mineral phases?
What type of experiments canPetrologists perform to understand the temperature and pressure of mineral phases?
What can be extrapolated to the field to understand?
Who uses microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists use to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists do with measurements of geological structures?
What type of experiments do structural geologists perform?
What are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries?
What are the most well-known experiments in structural geology?
What is pulled along a lower surface into a back stop?
What happens to the angles of the orogenic wedge in an analog model?
What type of models work in the same way as analog models?
Who analyze samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field?
Stratigraphers also analyze data from what?
Geophysical data and what can be combined to produce a better view of the subsurface?
What do stratigraphers use to view the subsurface in three dimensions?
What do stratigraphers locate areas for?
Why do geochronologists precisely date rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Who analyze rock samples in the laboratory?
Who looks for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within the drill cores?
Who precisely dates rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Where do some modern scholars believe the origin of the science of geology can be traced to?
Who was one of the earliest Persian geologists?
Who formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation?
Who proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains, the origin of earthquakes and other topics central to modern geology?
What did Shen Kuo base his hypothesis on?
Who is often viewed as the first modern geologist?
What was the name of the paper that James Hutton presented to the Royal Society of Edinburgh?
In what year did Hutton publish a two-volume version of his ideas?
What did Hutton believe about the earth?
Who created the first geological map of the U.S.?
In what year was the first geological map of the U.S. produced?
In what year did William Maclure begin his geological survey of the United States?
What was the name of Maclure's memoir?
Who did Maclure submit his work to?
What was the name of Sir Charles Lyell's book?
What theory did Principles of Geology promote?
What theory did Principles of Geology promote?
What is the theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events and remained unchanged thereafter?
What famous scientist was influenced by Principles of Geology?
How far away is Edinburgh from Newcastle?
How far from the North Sea is Newcastle?
Newcastle is a member of what network of European cities?
What county was Newcastle part of until 1400?
What is the regional nickname for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area?
Who built the castle in 1080?
What trade did Newcastle grow as an important centre for in the 14th century?
What is the major mining area of Newcastle?
When did the port of Newcastle develop?
What is the name of the world's most popular half marathon?
What was the first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle?
Pons Aelius was a Roman fort and bridge across what river?
What was the population of Pons Aelius in the 2nd century AD?
What was the name of the Roman wall that is still visible in parts of Newcastle?
What tribe was the Vallum built to protect against?
In the Middle Ages, Newcastle was what country's northern fortress?
Who granted Newcastle a new charter in 1589?
How high was the wall built around Newcastle in the 13th century?
What Scots king was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174?
How many times was Newcastle successfully defended against the Scots during the 14th century?
What was restricted from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside?
What was the name of the cartel of Newcastle burgesses?
What does the phrase taking coals to Newcastle mean?
What was Timothy Dexter regarded as?
What did merchants plan to do to Timothy Dexter?
Along with keelmen, who lived in Sandgate?
What did keelmen work on?
How many people died of plague in the 1630s?
What percentage of the population of Newcastle died from the plague in 1636?
What was the effect of the plague on the population of Newcastle?
Who did the North declare for during the English Civil War?
Who captured Newburn in 1644?
How did the Scots storm Newcastle?
What does Fortiter Defendit Triumphans mean?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646-7?
What did the Industrial Revolution result in the city of Newcastle?
What was the largest pottery company in the world in 1817?
Newcastle was one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by what?
In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's what?
What invention by Charles Parsons led to the revolution of marine propulsion?
In large parts, Newcastle still retains a what kind of street layout?
What type of alleys can only be traversed by foot?
What type of stairs can be found from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre?
Close, Sandhill and Quayside contain what type of buildings?
What is the House of Tides?
What is the neoclassical center of Newcastle called?
What did Stuart Maconie call Newcastle?
What street was voted England's finest street in 2005?
When was Grainger Town demolished?
What is the name of Eldon Square?
Which green space is larger than London's Hyde Park and Hampstead Heath?
What do the freemen of the city have the right to do on Town Moor?
What is the largest travelling funfair in Europe?
In what month is the Hoppings funfair held?
Who has the right to graze cattle on Town Moor?
What has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments?
Who commissioned the Gateshead Millennium Bridge?
Who designed The Sage Gateshead music center?
What is the purpose of the "NewcastleGateshead" name?
How many days did the temporary Bambuco Bridge last?
What is the historic heart of Newcastle?
When was the Grainger Town area built?
How high are most of the Grainger Town buildings?
How many of Grainger Town's 450 buildings are listed?
What was the name of the market that was originally built in 1808?
When was the Grainger Market opened?
How many people attended the opening of the Grainger Market?
What does the Laing Art Gallery have of the opening of the Grainger Market?
Who listed the Grainger Market as grade I in 1954?
What type of climate does Newcastle have?
What is the influence of the Gulf Stream on the climate of Newcastle?
What type of weather does Newcastle experience?
When was the lowest temperature recorded at the Newcastle Weather Centre?
Newcastle has milder winters and cooler summers than the remainder of what area?
In what year did Debenhams open a store in Newcastle?
What is one of the largest shopping complexes in the UK?
What is often cited as the world's first department store?
How did Bainbridge's report revenue?
In what year was the Green Market demolished?
Grainger Street is an example of what type of destination in Newcastle?
What type of shopping areas are Gosforth and Byker?
What is the largest store in the United Kingdom?
What is the largest indoor shopping center in Europe?
Where is the MetroCentre located?
What was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly?
What were Tyneside flats built as?
Where has a new development recreated Tyneside flats?
What is Cany Ash's profession?
What were architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula attracted by?
What was the proportion of detached homes in the 2010 Census?
What was the percentage of converted or shared houses in 2011?
What kind of market is Harrogate's housing market?
In terms of housing stock, the authority is one of few what?
Along with Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Brighton, what local authority has an overinflated housing market?
In what year did the UK Government return census information?
What type of borough is North Tyneside?
What type of population is Newcastle home to?
What type of schools are located in Newcastle and Northumbria?
 Jesmond and Heaton are areas with what type of population?
What is the average age of people living in Newcastle?
Many people in the city have Scottish or Irish what?
 Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Kerr, Hall, Nixon, Little and Robson are examples of what surnames?
How many Bolivians live in Newcastle?
What percentage of Newcastle's population are Bolivians?
What is the dialect of Newcastle called?
The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the language spoken by whom?
How much of the old language does the Geordie dialect retain?
What word is pronounced "deed" in the Geordie dialect?
What does "burn" mean in English?
Where did the words "Bairn" and "hyem" come from?
Where are some words used in the Geordie dialect used elsewhere?
In what language are the words "bonny" and "howay" used?
How many words are used exclusively in Newcastle and the surrounding area?
From what language is the word "hoy" derived?
What was the name of the report published in February 2007?
What was Newcastle's ranking in terms of noise in the UK?
What was the average level of noise in Newcastle?
What type of long-term impact did the Ear Institute claim the noise levels would have on the health of Newcastle's residents?
What did the Ear Institute use as an example of a location without pedestrian access?
What street is known as the 'Diamond Strip'?
What type of complex is The Gate?
How many screens does the Empire multiplex cinema have?
What is the name of Newcastle's gay scene?
What does The Pink Triangle have?
Newcastle has a proud history of what?
Who managed the original Theatre Royal, Newcastle for fifteen years?
How many seasons did Stephen Kemble manage the Theatre Royal?
In what year was the original Theatre Royal opened?
What is the name of the street where the original Theatre Royal was built?
What does the city still contain many of?
What is the largest theater in the city?
The Theatre Royal has hosted a season of performances from what company for over 25 years?
What type of talent does the Mill Volvo Tyne Theatre feature?
What was NewcastleGateshead voted as in 2006?
What is the largest independent library outside London?
How many CDs does the music library contain?
Who designed the current Lit and Phil premises?
What was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
Who gave the first lecture to be lit by electric light at Lit and Phil?
What is the name of the beer festival held in April?
In what month is the North East Art Expo held?
How often does the AV Festival take place?
What is the name of the food and drink festival held in NewcastleGateshead?
How many weeks does EAT! NewcastleGateshead run each year?
What is the largest travelling fair in Europe?
When does The Hoppings take place?
The Hoppings has its origins in what movement?
What is the Northern Rock Cyclone?
What festival is held in Leazes Park in mid July?
What is the name of the annual two-day multicultural event held on the August bank holiday weekend?
Where will the 2009 International Arts Fair be held?
What is the name of the annual festival held in October?
What type of cultural festival is the SAMA Festival?
Where is the International Arts Fair held?
What type of band is Lindisfarne?
When was "Fog on the Tyne" released?
What is the name of the black metal band that formed in 1979?
What is the name of the first folk metal band?
What band was Andy Taylor the lead guitarist of?
When was the Pilgrim Street building refurbished?
Where did the Tyneside Cinema relocate to during the refurbishment works?
How many cinemas are on the Pilgrim Street site?
What is the name of the UK's last surviving news cinema?
What part of the building contains the Tyneside Bar?
What is the name of the Science Village in Newcastle?
What is the Discovery Museum about?
What type of heritage does the Discovery Museum focus on?
In what year did the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities merge with the Great North Museum?
What is the name of the museum dedicated to children's books?
What is the earliest known movie featuring exterior scenes filmed in the city?
What 1971 film was shot on location in and around Newcastle?
What type of film was Stormy Monday?
Who directed 'Stormy Monday'?
Along with Tommy Lee Jones, Melanie Griffith and Sean Bean, who starred in Stormy Monday?
What is the name of the horse racing course in Newcastle?
What is the most successful basketball team in the history of the British Basketball League?
What is the name of the speedway team based in Newcastle?
Where are the speedway team Newcastle Diamonds based?
What is the name of the road race from Newcastle to Blaydon?
How far is Newcastle International Airport from the city centre?
How is Newcastle International Airport connected to the city?
How long does it take to travel from Newcastle International Airport to the city centre?
How many passengers does Newcastle International Airport handle per year?
How many destinations are available at Newcastle International Airport?
What type of architecture was enhanced in 2014?
How many Grade One listed railway stations are in the UK?
Who opened the first covered railway station in the world?
Who designed the neoclassical façade of the station?
What is the name of the city's other mainline station?
How often does Virgin Trains East Coast provide trains to London King's Cross?
What is the journey time to London King's Cross for Virgin Trains East Coast?
Where do Virgin Trains East Coast trains call?
What trains serve destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands and the South West?
Who provides local and regional services?
What is the name of the rail system that serves the city of Newcastle?
How many phases did the Tyne and Wear Metro open between 1980 and 1984?
What type of tunnels were constructed through Newcastle city centre?
What was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead?
How many passengers does the Tyne and Wear Metro carry each year?
What is the name of the period of refurbishment and modernization?
What type of ticketing system is the Metro: All Change part of?
What are being overhauled?
What is one of the long term plans for the Metro system?
Several of the proposed routes would require what instead of light rail trains?
What is the name of the major road in the area?
What is the name of the road that becomes the A68?
What is the A167 also known as?
What was renumbered after completion of the Western Bypass?
What was increased when a project to build a second road tunnel was completed in November 2011?
How many main bus companies provide services in the city?
How many major bus stations are in the city?
Which bus company is the primary operator in the city proper?
Who coordinates bus services in Newcastle upon Tyne?
What bus company operates from Eldon Square Bus Station?
When did Newcastle first develop its cycling strategy?
What is one of the social aims and objectives for cycling?
What type of living does cycling promote?
What type of streets does the council want to innovate and implement contraflows on?
What networks can the local networks be linked to?
Who runs a ferry service to IJmuiden?
When did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden stop?
Why did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden end in 2006?
When was the DFDS ferry service to Bergen and Stavanger, Norway terminated?
What cruise line has included Newcastle as a departure port on its Norwegian and Fjords cruise?
How many LEA-funded schools are in Newcastle?
How many independent schools with sixth forms are in Newcastle?
What is the largest co-ed independent school in Newcastle?
What is the largest general further education college in the North East?
What religion is St. Mary's Comprehensive School?
How many universities does Newcastle have?
What is one of the UK's leading international universities?
What award did Newcastle University win in 2000?
What happened to the University of Northumbria at Newcastle in 1992?
What is the name of the University of Northumbria at Newcastle?
How many cathedrals does Newcastle have?
In what year was the Anglican St. Nicholas built?
What type of cathedral is located in Fenham?
What is the only parish church in the Church of England without a parish and which is not a peculiar?
What did all three cathedrals begin their lives as?
What is traditionally recognised as'the oldest church in this town'?
In what year was the main porch added to the Parish Church of St Andrew?
What is the last addition to the Parish Church of St Andrew?
What is the Parish Church of St Andrew surrounded by?
What received a battering during the Siege of Newcastle by the Scots?
Where was ITV Tyne Tees based for over 40 years?
Where did ITV Tyne Tees move to in 2005?
Where did The Tube get its name?
What is the Pink Palace known as?
What local radio station is broadcast from the Pink Palace?
What was the name of the first full-time community radio station in the area?
What radio station is run by students from both of the city's universities?
How long has Radio Tyneside been the voluntary hospital radio service?
What radio station is based at the Great North Children's Hospital?
Where does Newcastle Student Radio broadcast from?
In what year did Charles Avison die?
What position did Basil Hume hold?
Who was the father of the modern steam railways?
What did Sir Joseph Swan invent?
In what country was Abhisit Vejjajiva born?
What school did Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch attend?
Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer are what kind of footballers?
What did Peter Higgs win?
What is the most characteristic musical instrument in the region?
Where was Neville born?
Where is the Victoria and Albert Museum located?
How many objects does the V&A have?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
What is the name of the Victoria and Albert Museum?
What borough is the V&A located in?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
Who is the Victoria and Albert Museum named after?
Who sponsors the Victoria and Albert Museum?
Since what year has entrance to the V&A been free?
How many acres does the V&A cover?
How many galleries does the V&A have?
How many years of art does the V&A's collection span?
From what cultures is the V&A's collection from?
The V&A owns the world's largest collection of what?
The V&A has its origins in what event?
Who was the first director of the V&A?
What was the original name of the V&A?
Where was the Museum of Manufactures transferred to by September 1852?
Who designed the design for the South Kensington Museum?
Who opened the Royal College of Art in 1857?
When was the official opening of the Royal College of Art?
Who was the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection?
What was introduced in 1857?
When did the Royal College of Art achieve full independence?
When was the Britain Can Make It exhibition held?
How many people attended the Britain Can Make It exhibition?
The success of the Britain Can Make It exhibition led to the planning of what event?
The success of the Britain Can Make It exhibition led to the planning of what event?
By what year had most of the collections been returned to the museum?
What did the V&A present in 1973?
What British progressive folk-rock band performed at the V&A in 1973?
Who was the director of the V&A in 1973?
Gryphon explored the lineage of what type of music?
In what city is the V&A planning to open a new gallery?
How much did the V&A Dundee cost in 2015?
Where will the V&A Dundee be located?
What is the focus of the V&A Dundee?
How long is it planned for the V&A Dundee to open?
What was the name of the house that occupied the land before the museum?
What was the first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum?
Who was the architect of the Sheepshanks Gallery?
What is the name of the building that is not open to the public?
What does the Secretariat Wing house?
What galleries were completed in 1863?
What style was adopted for this part of the museum?
Who designed the bronze doors on the north façade of the museum?
What famous astronomer is depicted on the north façade of the museum?
Who painted the panels on the north façade of the museum?
Who designed the Green Dining Room 1866-68?
Who designed the stained-glass windows in the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the Centre Refreshment Room 1865-77?
Who sculpted the marble fireplace in the Centre Refreshment Room?
Who designed the Grill Room 1876-81?
Who was the next architect to work at the V&A?
What was the name of the science schools?
What type of stone is the staircase that rises the full height of the museum made from?
What does the Henry Cole Wing house?
When did the Sackler Centre for arts education open?
What was used to decorate the east side of the building designed by F. W. Moody?
Who designed the wrought iron gates made as late as 1885?
Where were the Cast Courts located?
What is the name of the final part of the museum designed by Scott?
Who designed the exterior mosaic panels in the parapet of the Art Library?
Who designed the main façade of the Royal Institute?
What is the main façade of the museum built from?
How long is the main façade of the Royal Institute?
The tower above the main entrance has an open work crown surmounted by what?
What is interspersed with statues of many of the British artists?
Who sculpted the frame around the arches and entrance?
How many levels of galleries do the façades surround?
Who sculpted the frame around the arches and entrance?
What material is used in the entrance hall and flanking staircases?
Who is above the frame around the arches and entrance?
In what part of the museum was new storage space created for books in 1966 and 1967?
What is the name of the wing that the Royal College of Science acquired in 1974?
What was constructed on the site of the former boiler house?
Who designed the iron gates in the new entrance building?
What was the intended site of the new entrance building?
What gallery was further enhanced in 2002?
What was restored in the 2006 renovation of the sculpture gallery?
What is the name of the major redesign of all the galleries in the museum?
In 2004, the tunnel to the subway leading to what tube station was redesigned?
Who designed the new Cafe at MUMA?
Who redesigned the central garden?
What is the name of the central garden that opened on July 5, 2005?
What shape is the water feature in the central garden?
What can the water feature be used for?
What type of tree is planted in the north façade of the John Madejski Garden?
In what year did the V&A open the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
Who did the V&A partner with to open the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
How many drawings are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
What collection has been transferred to the V&A?
How many photographs are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
What Italian architect's drawings are the largest in the world?
Who is one of the notable British architects whose drawings are in the RIBA collection?
How many drawings by Andrea Palladio are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the RIBA collection?
Who is one of the major British architects whose drawings are in the RIBA collection?
Where is Sir Paul Pindar's house from?
The facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house is a rare survivor of what fire?
When was Sir Paul Pindar's house built?
What European chateau has a dormer window from 1523-35?
What is an example of a column in the main architecture gallery?
How many items does the V&A hold from the Islamic world?
When did the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art open?
What is the highlight of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art covers objects from North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and what other country?
When was the Salting Bequest?
How many objects are in the Museum's South and South-East Asian art collection?
How many textiles are in the Museum's South and South-East Asian art collection?
How many paintings are in the Museum's South and South-East Asian art collection?
When did the Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art open?
Which gallery of Indian art opened in 1991?
How many works of art are in the Far Eastern collections?
What countries are represented in the Far Eastern collections of the V&As?
What gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991?
When did the T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art open?
What dynasties are the majority of art works on display in the T. T. Tsui Gallery?
What is the name of the gallery of Japanese art that opened in 1986?
In what year did the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art open?
In what century is Amida Nyorai's sculpture displayed?
The majority of exhibits in the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art date from what years?
What material is Suzuki Chokichi's incense burner made of?
When is Tibetan art from?
Along with Thailand, Burma, Cambodia and Indonesia, what country has art in gold, silver, bronze, stone, terracotta and ivory?
What type of art reflects the influence of India?
What type of pearls are the gleaming boxes inlaid with?
Along with bronze palanquin hooks, betel-nut cutters, and terracotta, what type of combs are on display?
Who wrote the Codex Forster?
What are the names of the three parchment-bound manuscripts in the Codex Forster?
How many books did Alexander Dyce leave to the museum in 1869?
When did Alexander Dyce leave over 14,000 books to the museum?
In what year was the Codex Forster bequeathed to the museum?
Along with Beatrix Potter, who is a notable writer whose papers are in the library?
Along with Charles Dickens, who is a notable writer whose papers are in the library?
What centuries are illuminated manuscripts in the library?
What is the Armagnac manuscript about?
Who illuminated the 1524 Charter?
What is another name for the National Art Library?
What computer system was used from the 1980s to the 1990s?
What does EAD stand for?
Most of the items in the Victoria and Albert Museum collection do not show up in the computer system unless they were what?
What is the name of the feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum web-site?
When did a large scale digitization project begin in the Victoria and Albert Museum's Word and Image Department?
What was the name of the large-scale digitization project that began in 2007?
Who did the Factory Project reference?
How many images were taken during the first year of the Factory Project?
What is the second step of the Factory Project?
Who purchased or commissioned work produced by European artists?
From what continent is porcelain, cloth and wallpaper imported from?
Who is one of the designers and artists whose work is on display in the galleries?
Who was a major influence on the Gothic Revival?
What are some of the imports from Asia?
What led to the production of china and caddies?
In the Georgian age there was what?
Who led the backlash against industrialization in the 19th century?
What produced entrepreneurs such as Josiah Wedgwood, Matthew Boulton and Eleanor Coade?
John Ruskin's backlash against industrialization led to what movement?
What is a full-scale replica of?
How was Trajan's Column made?
What is a full-size replica of Michelangelo's?
What are the casts in the Cast Courts?
Where is the Verrocchio replica displayed?
When was the Meissen Vulture made?
Who designed the Möllendorff Dinner Service?
When was the Möllendorff Dinner Service designed?
When was the Salting Bequest made?
The Salting Bequest enriched the museum's stock of what?
What famous potters are represented in the collection?
In what two countries is the Delftware collection located?
What are the largest objects in the collection?
What centuries are the largest objects in the collection?
Where were the largest objects in the collection made?
How many years of glass making does the glass collection cover?
How many items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia are in the glass collection?
The earliest glassware on display comes from where?
Who represented the Art Deco style in the glass collection?
Who created Art Nouveau glass?
When was the main gallery redesigned?
Who designed the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine?
When did the gallery covering contemporary glass open?
Who created the chandelier in the rotunda at the Museum's main entrance?
In what century was the Luck of Edenhall made?
How many British drawings are in the collection?
How many old master works are in the collection?
What famous German artist is represented in the collection of drawings?
What famous artist is represented in the collection of drawings?
Who is one of the artists represented in the collection?
How many outfits are in the V&A's costume collection?
Where are costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper held at the V&A?
Why is the costume collection dominated by fashionable clothes made for special occasions?
In what year did the V&A receive the Talbot Hughes collection?
Who gave the V&A the Talbot Hughes collection in 1913?
In what year was the Costiff collection acquired?
Who was the designer of the Costiff collection?
How many Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
Who bought the Vivienne Westwood collection in 2002?
What type of fashion does the museum continue to acquire?
The Soulages collection contains objects from what two periods?
When was the Soulages collection of Italian and French Renaissance objects acquired?
What was the John Jones Collection?
When was the John Jones Collection of French 18th-century art and furnishings left to the museum?
How much was the John Jones Collection valued at in 1882?
What year are the inlaid doors from Antwerp City Hall dated?
Who is the set of inlaid doors from Antwerp City Hall attributed to?
When is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated?
Where is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet from?
Along with Le Corbusier, Marcel Breuer and Giò Ponti, who is a modernist in the collection?
How many items are in the jewellery collection?
From what time period does the jewellery collection at the museum date from?
When was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of 154 gems bequeathed?
How many gems was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of?
Who funded the new jewellery gallery that opened on May 24, 2008?
What are the two divisions of the display?
When was the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark?
How many tonnes is the Hereford Screen?
Who designed the Hereford Screen?
How many objects made from silver or gold are in the collection?
When is the Gloucester Candlestick dated to?
What material was the Gloucester Candlestick made from?
The Becket Casket contains relics of whom?
When is the Becket Casket dated?
What material was the Becket Casket made from?
How many people signed an online petition against the closing of the Musical Instruments gallery?
Who said the museum intended to preserve and care for the collection and keep it available to the public?
What museum hosted a joint exhibition with the V&A of musical instruments?
How many instruments did the Horniman Museum loan to the V&A?
In what year did the Musical Instruments gallery close?
How many British oil paintings are in the museum's collection?
How many European oil paintings are in the museum?
How many British watercolours are in the museum?
Who loaned the Raphael Cartoons to the museum?
Who painted the Spanish tempera on wood?
In what year did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
How many paintings did John Sheepshanks donate in 1857?
What did John Sheepshanks donate to the museum in 1857?
What was the name of Constable's 1821 full size oil sketch for?
What nationality of artists did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
In what galleries are the Jones bequest paintings displayed?
Who did Boucher paint a portrait of in 1758?
What is an example of a French painting in the collection?
Who is the portrait of by François Clouet in the collection?
Who created the photographs of Animal Locomotion of 1887?
In what year were Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion taken?
How many plates are in Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion?
What do Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion capture?
Who's society portraits are in the museum?
The V&A has the most comprehensive collection of what type of sculpture in the world?
How many objects are in the V&A's sculpture collection?
What is the period covered by the V&A sculpture collection?
What uses of sculpture are represented in the V&A collection?
Who owns Canova's The Three Graces?
What is Bernini's most famous work?
What is the largest item from Italy?
Who designed the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence?
When is the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence dated?
How many works of Rodin are in the museum collection?
Who is Rodin?
In what year did Rodin give his works to the museum?
What war did Britain support France in?
What statue was purchased in 1902 by public subscription?
Which British sculptor's work is in the British Galleries?
Which British sculptor's work is in the British Galleries?
Which British sculptor's work is in the British Galleries?
Nicholas Stone, Caius Gabriel Cibber, Grinling Gibbons, John Michael Rysbrack, Louis-François Roubiliac, Peter Scheemakers, Sir Henry Cheere, Agostino Carlini, Thomas Banks, Joseph Nollekens,
Who opened the sculpture galleries in 2006?
The Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries extend the chronology of the works on display up to what year?
How are the galleries overlooking the garden arranged?
Which two British sculptors are featured in the Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries?
What museum lent works by Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein to the Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries?
How many examples are in the collection of textiles?
What continents are represented in the collection?
How long does the collection of textiles date from?
Where are most of the examples of textiles in the collection?
How are the textiles classified?
What is the oldest known surviving European tapestry?
In what century were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
Where were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
What do the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries depict?
Who was the leading English tapestry manufactory in the late 17th century and early 18th century?
When was the Sicilian Tristan Quilt made?
Who is the designer of the Tristan Quilt?
When was 'The Forest' tapestry created?
Who designed rugs and fabrics from the art deco period?
Who designed a rug from the art deco period?
What was the former name of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries?
In what year did the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries open?
The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries hold the UK's biggest national collection of what?
The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries hold the UK's biggest national collection of material about live performance in the UK since who's day?
What are the collections of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries available for?
What is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections?
What does a conservator control in a museum?
What type of conservation is usually undertaken on items that are to go on public display?
Along with the V&A, what museum's collections are protected by conservation?
What type of conservation does a conservator perform?
What company owns The American Broadcasting Company?
Since what year has the American Broadcasting Company been stylized as abc?
In what city is The American Broadcasting Company headquartered?
Where is ABC headquartered?
What division of The Walt Disney Company is ABC a subsidiary of?
When did ABC originally launch?
What was ABC originally known as?
In what year did ABC extend its operations to television?
What cable sports channel did ABC purchase an 80% interest in in the 1980s?
What company did ABC merge with in the 1980s?
How many affiliated television stations does ABC have in the U.S.?
Who purchased the ABC Radio properties in 2007?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
Who imposes simultaneous substitution regulations?
Who purchased the ABC Radio properties in 2007?
What company owned two radio networks in the 1930s?
What were the names of the two radio networks owned by RCA?
What markets did NBC Red serve?
What type of programming did the NBC Blue Network test?
What was the name of the radio network owned by RCA?
What company filed a complaint with the FCC in 1934?
In what year did the FCC begin a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks?
In what year did the FCC publish its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs?
What was the principal radio network in the United States in 1938?
What network did RCA use to eliminate any hint of competition?
Who was given the mandate to sell NBC Blue in 1941?
What network did RCA convert into an independent subsidiary?
What investment firm offered $7.5 million to purchase NBC Blue?
Who was the president of RCA at the time of the sale of NBC Blue?
How much did Dillon, Read & Co. offer to purchase the network?
What was the name of the candy that Edward John Noble owned?
When did the FCC authorize the purchase of the Blue Network by Edward John Noble?
Who did Edward John Noble acquire the rights to the "American Broadcasting Company" name from in 1944?
What position did Woods hold at ABC until December 1949?
When did Woods leave ABC?
What device did ABC use to pre-record its programming?
Who conducted symphony performances on ABC?
What network aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman?
Who was an example of a big name that ABC was able to attract with the use of the Magnetophon?
What type of programming did NBC Blue broadcast?
How much did Disney pay for a 33% stake in Eurosport?
What was the name of the free-to-air channel that ABC launched in the UK in 2004?
On what date did Disney discontinue ABC1?
What was the name of the network that was discontinued after ABC1 was shut down?
In what country is ABC broadcast?
In what year was rerun activity completed with program syndication?
What ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries?
In what countries did ABC sell all of its interests in international networks in the 1970s?
What did many governments want to strengthen?
What was ABC's first international activity?
Where did Leonard Goldenson invest in broadcasting properties in the mid-1960s?
What was the name of the Japanese network that ABC bought a 5% stake in in 1951?
Why did CBS and NBC not broadcast the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II?
Why were CBS and NBC unable to broadcast the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II?
What is the name of theanuts series that ABC owns the television rights to?
Along with the Academy Awards, American Music Awards, Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade, Tournament of Roses Parade, Country Music Association Awards and CMA Music Festival, what award does ABC broadcast?
In what year did A Charlie Brown Christmas debut?
What award does ABC hold the broadcast rights to?
What is one of the Peanuts specials broadcast annually by ABC?
When did ABC begin airing Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve?
Who was Dick Clark's successor?
When did ABC first broadcast the Miss America pageant?
Where was Dick Clark's traditional countdown from?
What cable channel took over the television rights to the Miss America pageant in 2006?
What is the longest-running soap opera on ABC?
In what year was The Edge of Night cancelled?
What was the name of the Procter & Gamble-produced soap opera that aired on ABC for nine years?
What are the two talk shows on ABC's daytime schedule?
In what year did General Hospital begin airing?
What is an example of a weekend event not broadcast by ESPN?
When did ESPN take over responsibilities for ABC's sports division?
When is sports programming provided on some weekend afternoons on ABC?
What league does ABC have exclusive rights to the NBA Finals?
What two tennis tournaments does ABC air highlight compilation programs for?
Who was ABC's vice-president of engineering in 1947?
What are the low-band VHF frequencies?
In what year did ABC submit five applications for television station licenses?
What channel did ABC's television stations request to broadcast on?
How many existing television stations were there before the freeze ended in 1952?
How many major cities had television stations in 1949?
What was ABC's third rival at the time?
Which two networks did ABC have less coverage than?
Who forced United Paramount Theatres to become an independent entity?
What company did United Paramount Theatres separate itself from?
How many full-time affiliates did ABC have?
What network was rumored to buy ABC in 1951?
Who loaned Noble $5 million to prevent ABC from going bankrupt?
Who was the president of UPT in 1951?
Who was the founder of CBS?
When was the tentative agreement approved by UPT's board of directors?
In what year did the FCC end its freeze on new station license applications?
When did the FCC approve UPT's purchase of ABC?
What was the new name of UPT-ABC?
Where was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. headquartered?
When did WJZ-TV sign on the air?
When did the FCC implement a freeze on new station applications?
On what mountain was KECA-TV's transmitter located?
What did ABC convert 20 acres of land in Hollywood into?
On what date did The Flintstones premiere?
What decade was marked by the rise of family-oriented series?
Who created The Flintstones?
What decade was marked by the rise of family-oriented series?
In what year did Walt Disney Productions purchase ABC's shares in the Disneyland theme park?
Who did ABC lose the rights to Walt Disney Presents to in 1988?
In what year did ABC and Disney's first television collaboration end?
In what year did ABC resume its relationship with Disney?
What logo did ABC launch a web-based campaign around in 2000?
Who did ABC hire to design and produce its 2001-02 identity?
What color was the ABC logo in 2001-02?
What was another name for the circle logo?
Who designed the minimalist graphical identity for ABC in 1998?
In what year did ABC stop using its 1998-2002 four-note jingles?
What campaign was the new four-note theme tune based on?
Where is the old four-note theme tune still used?
When did the ABC logo first appear as a on-screen bug?
When did the ABC logo begin appearing throughout programs?
In what year did the ABC logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background?
What slogan did ABC use for the 40th anniversary of its founding?
In what year was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance?
What color was the bubble on the 1977 ID sequence?
What color were the letters on the 1977 ID sequence?
Who redesigned the ABC logo in 1962?
What type of typeface are the ABC logo's letters strongly reminiscent of?
Who designed the Bauhaus typeface?
When did the new ABC logo debut on-air?
What was rumored to be being considered for sale between May and September 2005?
On what date did ABC announce the restructuring of its radio division?
How many divisions did ABC Radio have in 2005?
In what year did ABC's average viewership decline by ten ratings points?
Along with Desperate Housewives, Lost and Dancing with the Stars, what ABC series had unexpected success during the 2004-05 season?
Who was named president of ABC parent Disney-ABC Television Group in 2004?
Who did ABC Sports and ESPN sign an eight-year broadcast rights agreement with in 2005?
In what year did The Bachelor debut?
Who was the Chairman/CEO of Disney in 2002?
What was the name of ABC's first hit reality series?
What was the name of the spinoff of The Bachelor that premiered in 2002?
Who removed ABC owned-and-operated stations from their systems?
Which network ended the 2000-01 season as the most-watched network?
Which network ended the 2000-01 season as the most-watched network?
When did the FCC order Time Warner Cable to restore ABC stations?
In what year did TGIF end?
Where did Sabrina, the Teenage Witch move to in 2000?
What network did Step by Step move to?
When was 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire' premiered?
Who was the host of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who relaunched Millionaire as a syndicated program in 2002?
Who was the original host of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
When did The Walt Disney Company announce an agreement to merge with Capital Cities/ABC for $19 billion?
What did Disney rename its new subsidiary after the purchase of Capital Cities/ABC?
Who bought the four newspapers that ABC had controlled under Capital Cities?
Who replaced Thomas S. Murphy as president and CEO of ABC?
What Aaron Sorkin-created sitcom premiered on ABC in 1998?
When did color become the dominant format for the three broadcast television networks?
Where did ABC rank in 1965-66?
What book did Goldenson write in 1991?
When did ABC's New York City flagship stations change their callsigns?
Where did ABC's New York City flagship stations move to in 1953?
Where was WJZ originally established by Westinghouse?
Who was appointed president of ABC in 1950?
What network did Goldenson propose a merger between UPT and?
What would have been the name of the merged ABC-DuMont network?
How much money did DuMont receive as a result of the merger?
What company was UPT a subsidiary of?
What was one of ABC's flagship productions at the time?
What was the longest-running prime time comedy in U.S. television history?
What was the name of the Warner Bros. adaptation of Wyoming Kid that aired during the 1955-56 season?
What was the name of the remake of the 1954 film The Boy from Oklahoma?
Who was the most iconic of ABC's relationships with Hollywood producers?
What was the name of the wheel series that aired during the 1955-56 season?
Who was Walt Disney's brother?
How much did Walt want ABC to invest in Disneyland?
In what year did ABC agree to finance Disneyland?
What was the name of the park that ABC agreed to finance in 1954?
Who spearheaded ABC Radio's special programming project for its FM stations?
Who was the president of ABC Radio in 1968?
What was the name of ABC Radio's new format?
How many owned-and-operated FM stations did ABC have in 1968?
In what year did ABC launch Movie of the Week?
What was Steven Spielberg's 1971 film called?
In what year was Steven Spielberg's film Duel released?
What was the average budget of Movie of the Week films?
When did ABC complete its transition to color?
What network completed its transition to color in the early 1970s?
What did ABC begin to use to better determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising slots to?
What was the NFL's premier game of the week until 2006?
In what year did Sunday Night Football move to NBC?
Where did MNF move to in 2006?
What was the audience share of Monday Night Football for ABC?
In what year did the FCC vote to pass the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
In what year did ABC split ABC Films into two separate companies?
What was the name of the company that ABC Films split into in 1972?
What did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act ban?
When did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act take effect?
Who bought ABC Great States in 1974?
Who was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC in 1972?
When did Michael Eisner join ABC?
What was the name of the show that started on Love, American Style?
What was Eisner's main credit at ABC?
What company did Michael Eisner become president of in 1976?
Who was the president of ABC Television in 1975?
Who was the first president and director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
What was the name of the detective series that ABC premiered in 1974?
When did Good Morning America debut?
What position did Silverman hold after leaving ABC in 1978?
What was the name of the spin-off series of Happy Days that debuted in 1976?
What was the name of the trend that featured attractive, often buxom, women in main and guest roles?
Who wrote Roots?
Who produced The Love Boat?
How long did The Love Boat last?
In what season did NBC take first place in the ratings for the first time?
What was the first television series to feature an openly gay main character?
Who was named president of ABC News in 1977?
Along with ABC News, what was Roone Arledge president of in 1977?
What is the name of the building that was built in its place?
When was 7 Lincoln Square completed?
When was 20/20 created?
Who was the first anchor of 20/20?
Who was Hugh Downs paired with on 20/20?
Who did ABC sell its recording division to in 1979?
What was the name of ABC's 24-hour news channel?
What 24-hour news channel did ABC launch in July 2004?
What was the name of the Flint, Michigan affiliate that ABC purchased in 1994?
What station did ABC purchase in Toledo, Ohio in 1994?
What strike halted production of network programs for much of the 2007-08 season?
What was one of the strike-replacement programs for ABC during the 2007-08 season?
Who started rumors that Disney would sell the ten ABC owned-and-operated stations?
What division did Disney-ABC Television Group merge in 2009?
What division did Disney-ABC Television Group merge ABC Entertainment and ABC Studios into in 2009?
What was the new name of ABC Radio?
Where did Disney-ABC Television Group partner with Apple Inc. to make individual episodes of ABC and Disney Channel programs available for purchase?
In what year did NBC begin running into some trouble in the ratings?
In what year did Lost debut?
What day of the week was Ugly Betty moved to in 2009?
What day of the week was Ugly Betty moved to?
When did the FCC impose fin-syn rules?
What was the name of the syndication distributor created by ABC in 1970?
What was the name of the production company created by ABC in 1970?
Who bought portions of Worldvision's catalog in 1990?
Who handles domestic television distribution for ABC?
What was Disney-ABC Domestic Television previously known as?
What was the former name of Disney-ABC International Television?
What library is part of the ABC library?
What were the first two stations to carry ABC's programming?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
How many affiliates does ABC have as of March 2015?
What percentage of all households in the U.S. does ABC have an estimated national reach?
In what year was the network's first logo introduced?
What was the new ABC logo based on?
In what year did ABC begin its first color broadcasts?
In what year was Supernanny cancelled?
What was the only remaining program on the network's schedule that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition?
In what format has all of ABC's programming been presented since January 2012?
What was the first children's program block on any U.S. broadcast network to feature programs available in HD?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's US television properties?
Most of Hearst Television's 16 ABC-affiliated stations transmit the network's programming in what format?
How many affiliates owned by various companies carry the network feed in 480i standard definition?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's US television properties?
What was the only midseason forensic investigation drama to be renewed for a second season?
What was the only late-season premiere to earn a second season?
What network did ABC outrate for third place in 2010-11?
What was the only drama renewal for the 2010-11 season?
What two soap operas were canceled by ABC on April 14, 2011?
Who bought the rights to All My Children and One Life to Live?
Where did Prospect Park revive All My Children and One Life to Live in 2013?
What was the name of the show that replaced One Life to Live?
What demographic did ABC drop to fourth place in during the 2011-12 season?
In what year did NBC finish in first place in the 18-49 demographic for the first time?
Which network had the most viewership in the 2013-14 season?
Along with The Goldbergs and Resurrection, what ABC show was renewed for the 2013-14 season?
What ABC show was cancelled in the 2013-14 season?
What were the names of the two family sitcoms that anchored ABC's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup?
What reality show was Shark Tank based on?
On what day of the week did Shark Tank air?
Who starred in Last Man Standing?
Who left Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994?
Who succeeded Daniel Burke as president of Capital Cities/ABC?
What was the name of the gritty police procedural created by Steven Bochco?
Who created NYPD Blue?
How long did NYPD Blue last?
In what year did the FCC repeal the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
What French animation studio did Capital Cities/ABC purchase in 1993?
Who did Capital Cities/ABC sign an agreement with to carry its owned-and-operated television stations?
What was ABC's viewership share in 1993?
What Chicago radio station did ABC purchase in 1960?
On what date did WLS launch a new lineup of ABC Radio programming?
Who was trying to establish a television station in Toronto in 1960?
What station did Leonard Goldenson agree to acquire a 25% interest in?
What was the name of the anthology series created by Edgar Scherick?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
Who was the executive producer of Wide World of Sports?
What company did Edgar Scherick belong to?
What was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres renamed to in 1965?
What was the name of ABC's first blind date series?
What was the name of the show that followed The Dating Game?
Where was ABC's new headquarters located?
By 1980, the three major networks represented what percentage of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S.?
What was an opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a hit in 1981?
What was the name of the Happy Days spinoff?
What cable channel did ABC launch in 1981?
Who did ABC sell KXYZ to in 1983?
Who did ABC purchase an 80% stake in ESPN?
What was the competitor to ARTS called?
What was the name of the cable channel that ABC merged ARTS and The Entertainment Channel into?
Who did Thomas S. Murphy delegate his position as president to in 1990?
What position did Thomas S. Murphy hold at ABC in 1990?
What was Capital Cities/ABC's revenues in 1990?
What is the longest-running prime time entertainment program in the network's history?
What was the name of the ABC sitcom that premiered in 1991?
What is the name of the soap opera that airs on ABC?
What are the two talk/lifestyle shows on ABC?
When does Good Morning America air?
What is the name of the weeknight talk show on ABC?
What are the only U.S. states that do not have a locally licensed ABC affiliate?
What is the name of the low-power station in Birmingham, Alabama?
What is the name of the low-power station in South Bend, Indiana?
What is the name of the low-power ABC station in Lima, Ohio?
What company produced television series for ABC beginning in 1962?
What was Touchstone Television reorganized as in February 2007?
What is the name of ABC's main production facility?
What is the name of the set of studios located in New York City?
What is the name of the facility where Good Morning America and Nightline broadcast from?
What programs are broadcast from the Times Square Studios?
What was the block of West End Avenue renamed in 2006?
What is the name of the ABC News program that Peter Jennings anchored?
What is the name of ABC's traditional VOD service?
The Walt Disney Company is part of a consortium that includes, among other parties, the parent companies of NBC and Fox, NBCUniversal and 21st Century Fox.
When did Hulu begin offering full-length episodes of ABC's programming?
How much ownership stake did Disney acquire in Hulu?
When are the most recent episodes of ABC's shows usually made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand?
How many days after their initial broadcast is the most recent episode of any ABC program available on Hulu?
What does ABC on Demand disallow?
On what date did Disney-ABC Television Group restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu?
Who designed the new ABC logo?
How many variants of the ABC logo are used in advertising?
What is the name of the new custom typeface created for use in advertising and other promotional materials?
What network uses a red version of the ABC logo?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have in 1954?
How many CBS affiliates were there in 1954?
What act mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning?
What did the All-Channel Receiver Act mandate the inclusion of?
In what city was WKST-TV located?
How much lower was ABC's viewership compared to its competitors?
What station in Wheeling, West Virginia began airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel in the 2000s?
In what decade did some small markets begin to see full-time ABC affiliates?
What was the Disneyland anthology series retitled in 1958?
Who pitched The Untouchables to CBS?
Why did CBS reject The Untouchables?
When did The Untouchables debut?
What was the name of ABC's film program that debuted in 1962?
What was ABC's total revenue in 1962?
What company produced The Jetsons?
What was the first television series to be broadcast in color on ABC?
On what date did General Hospital debut?
What company did the Department of Justice file a complaint against in July 1967?
Who was the head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice?
Who filed a complaint against the merger?
When did the merger between ABC and ITT end?
What company did Thomas S. Murphy work for?
How much did Capital Cities pay for ABC?
Who loaned Capital Cities $500 million to finance the purchase of ABC?
Who did ABC sell WXYZ-TV and Tampa independent station WFTS-TV to?
What was the maximum number of television stations that broadcasters could own in January 1985?
When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities receive federal approval?
What was the combined company of ABC and Capital Cities called?
What position did Frederick S. Pierce hold after the merger?
Who became president of ABC Owned Stations and ABC Video Enterprises?
Who became president of ABC News and ABC Sports?
What was the name of the show that ended its run in 1983?
What was the name of the ABC show that ended in 1984?
Who regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984?
What ABC show ended its run in 1986?
What did ABC focus on in the mid-1980s?
What was the name of ABC's family-friendly Friday night schedule in 1989?
What did TGIF stand for?
Who produced many of the TGIF shows?
What studio was Miller-Boyett Productions a part of?
How many radio stations did ABC own in 1968?
What was the name of ABC Pictures' first film?
Who directed Charly?
In what year was ABC Motion Pictures dissolved?
Where was ABC Marine World located?
What types of shows did ABC offer in the late 1950s?
How much did ABC's advertising revenues increase between 1953 and 1958?
What was the national reach of ABC?
Who was the president of ABC Entertainment in 1957?
Who was the host of American Bandstand?
What was ABC's philosophy against its competitors?
What was an example of an ABC western series?
Who criticized the public enthusiasm and sponsorship for detective shows at the expense of news programming?
What type of shows did ABC air in the fall of 1959?
What was the name of ABC's new streaming service in May 2013?
What were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on the service?
Who reached a deal to offer streams of its ABC affiliates on WATCH ABC?
What is the name of ESPN's streaming service?
Who is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total?
What is the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size?
Who is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach?
How many ABC affiliates does Sinclair Broadcast Group own?
How many ABC-affiliated stations does the E. W. Scripps Company own?
What was the name of ABC's new imaging campaign for the 2007-08 season?
Who developed the "Start Here" campaign?
Red ribbons were used to represent what division of ABC?
What division of ABC did the blue ribbons represent?
What are the two ABC affiliates in Tampa, Florida?
What are the two ABC affiliates in Kansas City, Missouri?
What are the two ABC affiliates in Grand Rapids, Michigan?
What was Tampa's primary ABC affiliate prior to 1994?
What empire did Genghis Khan found?
Who did Genghis Khan unite?
Where did Genghis Khan massacre civilian populations?
By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied what?
What dynasties did Genghis Khan invade?
Who was Genghis Khan's successor?
In what year did Genghis Khan die?
Who did Genghis Khan defeat in 1227?
Who did Genghis Khan split his empire into khanates among?
Where was Genghis Khan buried?
Where was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin's father?
In what year was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin named after?
What was Temüjin's sister's name?
What were the names of Temüjin's three brothers?
Who was Temüjin's future wife?
What tribe was Börte a member of?
Who was the head of the new household that Temüjin lived in?
Who was Temujin's older half-brother?
Who was Temujin's mother?
Who killed their half-brother Begter?
When did Temujin's resentment erupt?
Who held Temüjin prisoner in 1177?
How did the Tayichi'ud enslave Temüjin?
Who was Temüjin's father's father?
Who joined Temüjin in his escape from the Tayichi'ud?
Where did Temüjin escape from the ger?
What was often used to solidify temporary alliances?
Who taught Temüjin about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
Who interfered with the political climate of Mongolia?
What did Hoelun teach Temüjin?
What tribe did Börte belong to?
Who kidnapped Börte?
Who helped Temüjin rescue Börte?
What was the name of Börte's son?
When was Jochi born?
How many sons did Börte have?
What was the name of Börte's third son?
When did Chagatai die?
What was the name of Genghis Khan's third son from Börte?
How many daughters did Genghis Khan have?
What is an anda?
Who did Temüjin turn to for support?
Toghrul was the Khan of what tribe?
How many Keraite warriors did Toghrul offer to Temüjin?
Who was Temüjin's childhood friend?
Who did Jamukha support?
Who proclaimed that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Temüjin?
In what year was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?
In what battle did Jamukha defeat Temüjin?
Where was Toghrul exiled to?
What code did Temüjin use as an incentive for absolute obedience?
What did Temüjin promise civilians and soldiers?
What did Temüjin's mother adopt?
What did Temüjin take the conquered tribe under?
Who did Toghrul refuse to give his daughter in marriage to?
Who did Toghrul ally himself with?
Who did Toghrul ally himself with?
What tribe was dissolved after Jamukha's defeat?
Who was the next direct threat to Temüjin?
In what year was Jamukha elected as Gür Khan?
What was the title of Gür Khan?
Who was Jelme's younger brother?
In what year was Jamukha turned over to Temüjin?
What did Temüjin offer to Jamukha?
Why did Temüjin kill the men who betrayed Jamukha?
What did Jamukha ask for?
How did Jamukha die without spilling blood?
Who did Genghis Khan learn siege warfare from?
Who wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes?
Who was trying to drive a wedge between Genghis and his loyal brother?
What did Genghis Khan use to gather intelligence?
Who was Genghis Khan's father's ally?
When did Temüjin unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs, and other disparate smaller tribes?
At what council was Temüjin acknowledged as "Khan" of the consolidated tribes?
What title did Genghis Khan receive after his death?
Who was Genghis Khan's successor?
What is a Khuruldai?
What dynasty did Genghis Khan plan to conquer in 1211?
Who defected to the Mongol side?
In what year did Genghis Khan capture the Jin capital of Zhongdu?
Where did Emperor Xuanzong move his capital south to?
Who was Genghis' third son?
Who usurped the khanate of Qara Khitai?
What dynasty was Qara Khitai originally established as remnants of?
How many soldiers did Genghis Khan send against Kuchlug?
Who was known as "The Arrow"?
What was Jebe's nickname?
What did the Mongols do?
Where was Kuchlug's army defeated?
By 1218, as a result of defeat of Qara Khitai, the Mongol Empire extended as far west as what lake?
What is another name for the Khwarezmia?
What was the Khwarezmia Empire?
Who governed the Khwarazmian dynasty in the early 13th century?
Who was the governor of Otrar?
Who was beheaded by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad?
How many soldiers did Genghis Khan organize?
What route did Genghis Khan use to trade with Khwarezmia?
What mountains did Genghis Khan cross to enter the Khwarezmian Empire?
How many groups did Genghis Khan divide his army into?
In what direction did the second division of Genghis Khan march?
Who led the third division of Genghis Khan?
What city did the first division of Genghis Khan's army attack?
What was decisive in Khwarezmia's defeats?
What town did the Mongol army quickly seize?
What did Genghis Khan pour into Inalchuq's ears and eyes?
What did the Shah do at the end of the battle?
Who did Genghis Khan order to hunt down the Shah?
What was the capital of the Khwarezmid Empire?
Where was the capital moved to after Samarkand fell?
What did Genghis Khan divert through the Khwarezmid emperor's birthplace?
What did the Mongols use as body shields?
What did Genghis do after the fortress fell?
What did the Mongols raise as a symbol of victory?
What did the city leaders do to the Mongols?
Who held the city's citadel for another twelve days?
Who were sent back to Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan declare he was?
Who was drafted into the Mongolian army?
When did Genghis Khan defeat the Khwarezmian Empire?
Who suggested that the Mongol army be split into two?
Where did the Mongols overwintered?
At what battle did Subutai's forces defeat the Kievan force?
Who led the Kievan Rus?
Who was Genghis Khan's grandson?
What group did Genghis Khan's grandson Batu lead?
Who led the famous cavalry expedition that encircled the Caspian Sea?
In what year did Subutai and Jebe return to Mongolia?
Where did Jebe die?
In what year did Genghis Khan begin a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts?
In what season did Genghis Khan take Xiliang-fu?
Who did the Tangut generals challenge to a battle near Helan Mountains?
What river did Genghis Khan cross to take Lingzhou?
What did Genghis Khan see at Lingzhou?
What was the capital of the Tangut empire?
Who was the Tangut general at Deshun?
What did Ma Jianlong die from?
Where did Genghis Khan go after conquering Deshun?
What did Genghis Khan do to the entire Tangut family?
Who was Genghis' oldest son?
Who voiced most strongly the issue over Jochi's paternity?
Before what event did Genghis Khan announce that he would never accept Jochi as his successor?
Who was appointed as Genghis Khan's successor?
Which two of Genghis Khan's sons were considered unstable?
Who was considered unstable due to his temper and rash behavior?
Who was Genghis Khan's youngest son?
Who did Genghis Khan give the throne to?
In what year did Jochi die?
Where did Jochi remain in 1223?
What city did Jochi try to protect from destruction?
Who did Jochi make an alliance with?
Why is the accuracy of Juzjani's story questionable?
What was the capital of Western Xia in 1227?
What did The Secret History of the Mongols say happened to Genghis Khan?
What type of wound did Marco Polo say Genghis Khan died from?
What was Yinchuan the capital of?
Who is believed to have invented the legend of Genghis Khan's death?
How did Genghis Khan want to be buried?
Where was Genghis Khan's birthplace?
Where is Genghis Khan believed to be buried?
What is Genghis Khan's memorial?
What is the Mongolian name for the Lord's Enclosure?
Where was Genghis Khan's mausoleum kept for ten years?
Where was the mausoleum moved to in 1949?
In what year did Genghis Khan's bier and relics return to Mongolia?
Who destroyed almost everything of value during the Cultural Revolution?
When did a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncover Genghis Khan's palace?
What was diverted over Genghis Khan's grave to make it impossible to find?
Who was Genghis Khan's burial site similar to?
What animal is said to have stampeded over Genghis Khan's grave?
Who created the Yassa?
What was the name of the civilian and military code of the Mongol Empire?
What type of government did the Mongol Empire adopt?
Who was the exception to the rule of meritocracy in the Mongol Empire?
Who was one of the diverse Khans of various ethnicities as part of the Mongol Empire?
What did the Mongol Empire offer to religious figures?
Who was Genghis Khan's mentor?
Why did the Mongol Empire practice religious tolerance?
What were the religions of the Mongol tribes?
Who was briefly in charge of the Mongol Empire when the next male Khagan was being chosen?
What did modern scholars refer to the alleged policy of encouraging trade and communication as?
What sedentary people did Genghis Khan try to remove discriminatory policies from?
What did modern Mongolian historians say Genghis Khan attempted to establish?
Who did Genghis Khan invite to administer parts of the Mongol Empire?
Why couldn't Genghis Khan find administrators among his Mongol people?
Who had captured power by displacing Khitan?
Who was Chu'Tsai a lineal descendant of?
Who did Genghis Khan put absolute trust in?
What was the capital of the Mongol Empire?
Who was given command of the Mongol forces against the Jin dynasty?
Who led the Great Raid into the Caucasus and Kievan Rus?
What did Genghis Khan expect from his generals?
What did the Mongol military divert to cut off resources for cities and towns?
Who did the Mongols use to aid them in siege warfare?
What was a common tactic of the Mongol military to break enemy formations?
How did the Mongol military use prisoners in siege warfare?
At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to what sea?
At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Sea of Japan to what body of water?
Who was Genghis Khan's successor?
When did the Song dynasty of China end?
Genghis Khan is credited with bringing what under one cohesive political environment?
In what country is Genghis Khan looked on as a great military leader?
What was Genghis Khan's attitude towards religions?
What did Genghis Khan do to communication between the West, Middle East and Asia?
When did the memory of Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity have a powerful revival?
What is Genghis Khan looked upon positively by Mongolians?
What do Mongolians refer to themselves as?
What is a chasm in the perception of Genghis Khan?
How do Mongolians feel about the historical records written by non-Mongolians?
What is the Mongolian word for Genghis Khan?
Who is endorsed on products, streets, buildings, and other places in Mongolia?
What is Mongolia's main international airport named?
Why have there been discussions about regulating the use of Genghis Khan's name and image?
Where is Mongolia's main international airport located?
What was the first written Mongolian law?
What did Ikh Zasag punish?
Who is the President of Mongolia?
What script did Genghis Khan introduce?
In what region of China is there a monument and buildings about Genghis Khan?
How many Mongols live in Inner Mongolia?
Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan?
What dynasty did Kublai Khan establish?
Who was Kublai Khan?
In what country was Genghis Khan condemned as a destructive and genocidal warlord?
How much of the Iranian Plateau's population did Genghis Khan kill?
How many people were estimated to have died in the Iranian Plateau?
Who was the descendant of Genghis Khan?
Who halted Hulagu Khan's invasion of Baghdad?
Who was the descendant of Hulagu Khan?
In what year did Batu Khan invade Kievan Rus?
What cities did the Mongols destroy in Eastern Europe?
Who were proud descendants of Genghis Khan and particularly Timur?
Who did the Mughal emperors patronize?
What city was Attar of?
What was the Mongolian and Turkic word for lake Baikal?
What lake was called tenggis by the Mongols?
What does Zhèng mean?
What would have received the Mongolian adjectival modifier -s?
What was the 13th century Mongolian pronunciation of Genghis?
What is the Mongolian spelling of Genghis Khan?
What is another Turkic name for Genghis Khan?
What is the pinyin for Temüjin?
What are the English names for Genghis Khan?
What is the pinyin for Genghis Khan?
What is the word pharmacy derived from?
What did a pharmacy sell?
What did the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply?
What is the term apothecary today seen as?
What did the pharmas also use?
What are pharmacists?
What do pharmacists aim to ensure for their patients?
What do pharmacists play an important role in?
What are pharmacists also known as?
What type of education do pharmacists have?
Who manages a pharmacy technician in the UK?
What does a pharmacy technician have to register as a professional on?
What does the GPhC do?
What is a Pharmacy Technician in the UK considered to be?
What has the role of a PhT grown to in the UK?
What is Pedanius Dioscorides famous for?
What was the Latin translation of Pedanius Dioscorides' book?
What term was coined by Pedanius Dioscorides?
Who was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants in Ancient Greece?
Who built upon De Materia Medica?
In Japan, at the end of the Asuka period and the early Nara period, men who fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists were what?
What was the place of pharmacists in society defined in Japan?
Where were ranked positions established?
What was the status of pharmacists in Japan during the Meiji Restoration?
How was the pharmacist ranked in the Imperial household?
The advances made in the Middle East in what led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology?
Who was the first physician to promote the medical uses of chemical compounds?
Who pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation?
Who wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies?
What two compounds did Sabur Ibn Sahl make clear distinction between?
When did the pharmacies in Dubrovnik, Croatia open?
Where was the oldest pharmacy located?
The medieval Esteve Pharmacy in Llívia is now what?
What does the medieval Esteve Pharmacy keep?
In what year was the oldest pharmacy in Italy set up?
In most countries, the dispensary is subject to what?
Where did pharmacists once stay?
 Pharmacy technicians are now more dependent upon what?
What are pharmacy technicians now more dependent upon automation to deal with?
What are the requirements of pharmacy legislation in most countries?
What type of residency is often followed by another residency in a specific area?
What do clinical pharmacists specialize in?
Along with safety of medications and patient compliance issues, what is a major concern for pharmacists practicing in hospitals?
What type of pharmacists gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
Where can hospital pharmacies be found?
What are most hospital medications?
What have some hospital pharmacies decided to outsource?
What makes it imperative that hospital pharmacies perform at the highest level possible?
Why are hospital pharmacies more popular than community pharmacies?
What do pharmacists do?
Where did the clinical pharmacy movement begin?
Who do clinical pharmacists collaborate with to improve pharmaceutical care?
What do clinical pharmacists often participate in?
Where do clinical pharmacists care for patients?
What is the role of a clinical pharmacist?
What does the review process often involve?
What are some of the things a pharmacist might review to determine the appropriateness of a drug therapy?
What must a pharmacist monitor?
What are ambulatory care pharmacists given in the U.S. federal health care system?
In what states are pharmacist clinicians given collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority?
When did the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approve ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification?
What is the official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam?
Along with the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH, what federal health care system has ambulatory care pharmacists?
What does a consultant pharmacy practice focus on?
Where do consultant pharmacists typically work?
What are some large pharmacy management companies?
Why are consultant pharmacists beginning to work directly with patients?
What do some community pharmacies do?
Since what year have a growing number of Internet pharmacies been established worldwide?
What type of pharmacies are many of the internet pharmacies similar to?
What are internet pharmacies also known as?
Why do some customers prefer to go to an online pharmacy instead of a community drugstore?
What is the main difference between community pharmacies and online pharmacies?
Why do many customers order drugs from Internet pharmacies?
Who has criticized this practice?
What have there been reports of Internet pharmacies doing?
What do some internet pharmacies do?
What do most internet pharmacies do?
What is a concern with Internet pharmacies?
What must a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid in the United States?
What is a concern with Internet pharmacies?
What must a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid in the United States?
What is the responsibility of the filling pharmacy?
What outlines what defines a valid patient-doctor relationship?
What is an example of a controlled substance that can be obtained via the internet?
Why is there a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries?
What country has there been a push to legalize importation of medications from?
Who is the enforcement of importation of prescription medications generally targeted at?
Is there a known case of U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription?
What has been a push in the US to reduce consumer costs?
What is pharmacy informatics a combination of?
Where can pharmacy informaticists work?
What is pharmacy informatics growing quickly to meet?
What are pharmacy informaticists trained to participate in?
How is pharmacy informatics growing?
What type of pharmacies carry novel medications that need to be properly stored?
How many of the 28 newly FDA approved medications in 2013 were specialty drugs?
What are some chronic and complex disease states that specialty pharmacies supply?
What do specialty pharmacies carry?
What do specialty pharmacies provide?
How are pharmacists regulated in most jurisdictions?
Who can supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public?
What organization's Code of Ethics provides that physicians may dispense drugs within their office practices?
What percentage of American physicians dispense drugs on their own?
What are pharmacists not allowed to do?
What country has a law that allows general physicians to prescribe medicines if the nearest pharmacy is more than 4 kilometers away?
Where are dispensing physicians allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines?
What is the minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy?
How far away is the nearest pharmacy in Austria for general physicians?
What is the reason for the majority rule?
Why does a physician exaggerate their seriousness?
What does the majority rule system reflect much similarity to?
What does a physician do in order to sell more medications?
What is the patient's interest?
What are pharmacists expected to do in the coming decades?
What are pharmacists expected to be compensated for in the coming decades?
What does Medication Therapy Management include?
What is one of the clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients?
What is the result of Medication Therapy Management?
What two provinces in Canada have limited prescribing rights?
Who pays pharmacists in Australia for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews?
What are pharmacists in the UK being paid for by the government for?
What has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy in the US?
What degree is required before entering practice in the United States?
What are the two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries?
What symbol was used until the early 20th century?
In what country is the Bowl of Hygieia often used?
In what countries is the red stylized letter A commonly used?
In what countries is the green Greek cross common?
What is the immune system?
What must an immune system detect to function properly?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What protects the brain in humans?
The immune system is a system of many what?
What are agents that an immune system must detect to function properly?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What does the immune system protect against?
To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as what?
What protects the brain?
What are the fluid-brain barriers in humans?
To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as what?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
Along with the innate immune system and adaptive immune system, what is a subsystem of the immune system?
What protects the brain?
How can pathogens avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system?
What is a rudimentary immune system in bacteria?
In what type of organism did the complement system evolve?
What happens after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
Bacteria have enzymes that protect against what type of infections?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What is the process of acquired immunity the basis of?
What creates immunological memory after an initial response?
Disorders of the immune system can result in what?
When does immunodeficiency occur?
What can immunodeficiency result in?
What type of disease can cause severe combined immunodeficiency?
Along with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus, what is a common autoimmune disease?
What occurs when the immune system is less active than normal?
What results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms?
What covers the study of all aspects of the immune system?
What is an example of an acquired condition of immunodeficiency?
What is the earliest known reference to immunity?
What type of venom did Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis experiment with?
Who developed the germ theory of disease?
Who discovered the yellow fever virus?
Who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905?
What was confirmed as the cause of infectious disease?
What virus was discovered by Walter Reed in 1901?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity made?
What does the adaptive immune system use to mount faster and stronger attacks each time it encounters a pathogen?
What system provides an immediate, but non-specific response when a pathogen breaches physical barriers?
What is the second layer of protection vertebrates possess?
What is found in all plants and animals?
What is the second layer of protection vertebrates possess?
What does the adaptive immune system use to mount faster and stronger attacks each time it encounters a pathogen?
What prevents pathogens from entering an organism?
Both innate and adaptive immunity depend on the ability of the immune system to distinguish which molecules?
In immunology, what are components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system?
What type of molecules are antigens?
What is one class of non-self molecules called?
Antigens bind to what and elicit an immune response?
What receptors recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms?
Microorganisms or toxins that successfully enter an organism encounter the cells and mechanisms of what?
What are conserved among broad groups of?
What type of immune defenses are innate immune defenses?
What is the first line of defense against infection of insects?
What is the first line of defense against infection in leaves?
What mechanically eject pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory tract?
What secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract serves to trap and entangle microorganisms?
Along with urine, what is used to expel pathogens from the body?
What antimicrobial peptides do the skin and respiratory tract secrete?
What enzymes are found in saliva, tears, and breast milk?
What does semen contain to kill pathogens?
What are powerful chemical defenses against ingested pathogens in the stomach?
Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following what event?
What serves as biological barriers within the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts?
Most antibiotics do not affect what?
What bacteria is normally found in unpasteurized yogurt?
What conditions can commensal flora change in order to reduce the probability that pathogens will reach sufficient numbers to cause illness?
What is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection?
What causes redness, swelling, heat, and pain?
How is inflammation produced by injured or infected cells?
What eicosanoids produce fever and dilation of blood vessels?
What cytokines are responsible for communication between white blood cells?
What cells are involved in phagocytosis?
How can phagocytes be called to specific locations?
What is an intracellular vesicle called when a pathogen is trapped in a phagocyte?
What does a lysosome fuse with a phagosome to form?
What did phagocytosis evolve as a means of?
Which phagocytes travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
What is the most abundant type of phagocyte?
What percentage of circulating leukocytes are neutrophils?
What is the process in which neutrophils migrate toward the site of inflammation called?
What regulatory factor do macrophages produce?
What are the second arm of the innate immune system?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
Innate cells are important mediators in the activation of what immune system?
What are phagocytes?
What are phagocytes in tissues that are in contact with the external environment called?
What are dendritic cells named after?
What is one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?
What is one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?
NK cells recognize compromised host cells by a condition known as what?
What are NK cells?
What is the term for cells with low levels of a cell-surface marker?
What put the brakes on NK cells?
In what group did the adaptive immune system evolve?
The adaptive immune response is antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific "non-self" antigens during what process?
Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to what?
What are the two major subtypes of T cells?
What type of T cells have a role in modulating immune response?
Killer T cells only recognize antigens coupled to what?
What do helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to?
What type of T cells recognize intact antigens that are not bound to MHC receptors?
What are a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses?
What is the name of the co-receptor on the T cell?
What binds to a specific antigen in a complex with another cell?
What is a protease?
What is an example of cytotoxins?
The MHC:antigen complex is also recognized by the helper cell's what?
How many receptors on the helper T cell must be bound by an MHC:antigen in order to activate the helper cell?
How can killer T cells be activated?
What does the activation of a resting helper T cell cause it to release?
What is another name for CD154?
Gamma delta T cells share the characteristics of what?
What do Gamma delta T cells possess?
What are Gamma delta T cells?
What do γδ T cells rearrange TCR genes to produce?
What type of T cells respond within hours to common molecules produced by microbes?
What cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen?
How is the antigen/antibody complex processed by the B cell?
What does the helper T cell release to activate the B cell?
When B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become what?
What is it called when an individual's long-lived memory cells become an adaptation to infection with a pathogen?
What are two forms of immunological memory?
What do memory cells remember throughout the lifetime of an animal?
Newborn infants have no prior exposure to what and are particularly vulnerable to infection?
What type of antibody is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta?
What contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant?
What is it called when a fetus does not actually make any memory cells or antibodies?
What can hormones act as to alter the sensitivity of the immune system?
Female sex hormones are known immunostimulators of what?
What autoimmune disease strikes women preferentially?
What does testosterone do to the immune system?
What protein has been shown to be closely intertwined with T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms?
What are some chronic conditions that can be caused by sleep deprivation?
What can cause lower antibody production and a lower immune response?
What is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals?
What does the skin become less adept at producing as a person ages?
What is regulated by the immune system?
What does UVB radiation cause people to produce less of?
What does the immune system use to destroy abnormal cells?
Tumor antigens are presented on what?
Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to what?
What is generated against tumor cells to allow their destruction by the complement system?
What type of cells do plants lack?
What are molecules associated with pathogens known as?
What happens to cells at the site of infection to prevent the spread of disease to other parts of the plant?
What is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent?
What can block virus replication?
Overactive immune responses comprise the other end of immune dysfunction?
What does the immune system fail to properly distinguish between?
Where are specialized cells located?
Under normal circumstances, many T cells and antibodies react with what?
What is it called when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive?
The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in which two groups?
When do immune responses begin to decline in the elderly?
What are common causes of poor immune function in developed countries?
What is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries?
What is the most effective manipulation of the immune system mankind has developed?
What is another name for vaccination?
What is the principle behind vaccination?
Why is vaccination successful?
Bacteria often overcome physical barriers by secreting what?
What type of secretion system allows bacteria to insert a hollow tube into the host cell?
What are proteins in the type III secretion system used to do?
What does the success of any pathogen depend on?
Who formulated the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What are two examples of non-self entities?
The CST theory was later modified to reflect new discoveries regarding what?
Who suggested the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What are the most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs?
Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in conjunction with what?
What are two examples of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs?
What immunosuppressive drug prevents T cells from responding to signals correctly?
What differentiated effector cells peak during wake periods?
What anti-inflammatory molecules peak during awake active times?
What could counteract free radical production during sleep times?
 melatonin can counteract what during sleep?
What does a T-cell extend when it encounters a foreign pathogen?
What is the steroid hormone version of vitamin D?
What kind of relationship do T-cells have with vitamin D?
What gene is responsible for converting the pre-hormone version of vitamin D into the steroid hormone version, calcitriol?
What immune system cells express CYP27B1 and thus activate vitamin D calcidiol?
What are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
The complement system and what other cells are used by most forms of invertebrate life?
Along with ribonucleases, what is thought to play a role in the immune response to viruses?
What classical molecules of the adaptive immune system exist only in jawed vertebrates?
What primitive jawless vertebrates have a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule?
What are the large array of molecules found in primitive jawless vertebrates called?
What evolved in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates?
In invertebrates do not generate what?
What is the name of the unique defense mechanism that bacteria use to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
What are viruses that bacteria use the restriction modification system to protect themselves from?
Prokaryotes use what type of sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that they have come into contact with in the past?
What theories did the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century see a battle between?
Who represented the cellular theory of immunity?
What did Elie Metchnikoff believe were responsible for immune responses?
Who held the humoral theory of immunity?
What did the humoral theory of immunity say the active immune agents were?
Some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become what?
Tumor cells often have a reduced number of what on their surface?
What product does a tumor cells release that suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes?
TGF-β suppresses the activity of what cells?
What is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues?
How many classes of hypersensitivity are there?
What type of hypersensitivity is often associated with allergy?
What triggers degranulation of mast cells and basophils?
What occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on the patient's own cells, marking them for destruction?
What is an evasion strategy used by several pathogens to avoid the innate immune system called?
What is an example of an intracellular pathogens?
What eukaryotic parasites cause malaria?
What bacteria lives inside a protective capsule that prevents lysis by complement?
What is the surface protein of Staphylococcus aureus?
What is it called when a pathogen rapidly changes non-essential epitopes on the surface of the pathogen while keeping essential epitopes concealed?
What is an example of a virus that mutates rapidly?
What parasite uses a similar strategy to HIV?
What does HIV constantly change?
What is another important role of the immune system to identify and eliminate tumors?
What virus causes cervical cancer?
What enzyme transforms certain skin cells into tumors?
What does tyrosinase turn skin cells into?
What type of skin cells can tyrosinase transform into tumors?
What is the largest drug that can provoke a neutralizing immune response?
What amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions?
What is the study of large sets of proteins involved in the immune response called?
A publicly accessible database has been established for the cataloguing of epitopes from pathogens known to be recognizable by what?
What is the emerging field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity referred to as?
What hormones are produced during the slow-wave-sleep stage?
The milieu of hormones produced at this time support the interactions between T-cells and what?
What immune response is thought to support the formation of long-lasting immune memory?
What is thought to support the formation of long-lasting immune memory through the initiation of?
What do complement proteins bind to on the surfaces of microbes?
How can the deposition of complement kill cells?
The speed of the response is a result of what?
What amplifies the initial signal by controlled positive feedback?
What is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws?
What did South Africa fight against?
What movement brought independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union?
In what country did the Orange Revolution take place?
In what country did the 2003 Rose Revolution take place?
Who brought about the 1919 Revolution?
Who did Egyptians revolt against in the 1919 Revolution?
What type of movement has civil disobedience been used in?
What have people rebelled against?
What was the name of the civil disobedience movement in the United States?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who is Oedipus?
Who is the current King of Thebes?
Who was the former King of Thebes?
What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who wrote the play Antigone?
Who is trying to stop Antigone from giving her brother a proper burial?
What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What does Antigone tell Creon that she must do?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
The Mask of Anarchy is the first modern statement of the principle of what type of protest?
What was the name of Gandhi's doctrine of nonviolent protest?
Gandhi often quoted Shelley's Masque of Anarchy during his campaign for what?
Who wrote Civil Disobedience?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What did Percy Shelley think of in The Mask of Anarchy?
What is The Mask of Anarchy the first modern statement of?
What was the name of Gandhi's work that was inspired by Shelley's poem?
Who wrote Satyagraha?
What has civil disobedience become a code-word for for Vice President Agnew?
Who said the term civil disobedience has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become in modern times?
What has the term "civil disobedience" done in modern times?
Who said the term civil disobedience has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has the term civil disobedience become for Vice President Agnew?
Who has the term civil disobedience become a code-word for muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, and political assassins?
What has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from?
Who wrote that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible"?
What does LeGrande think the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is difficult?
What types of civil disobedience does LeGrande encourage a distinction between?
What type of problems does LeGrande say a student of civil disobedience often finds himself surrounded by?
What type of terminology has no more or no less meaning than the individual orator intends it to have?
Who wrote that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible"?
What type of literature does LeGrande write about civil disobedience?
What does the student of civil disobedience rapidly find himself surrounded by in reviewing the voluminous literature on the subject?
Along with violent civil disobedience and lawful protest demonstration, what type of civil disobedience does LeGrande encourage?
Along with lawful protest demonstration and non-violent civil disobedience, what type of disobedience does LeGrande discourage?
What is a conflict between two public agencies called?
Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to what relation to the state and its laws?
Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to what?
Why would a head of government refuse to enforce a decision of a country's highest court not be civil disobedience?
What is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws?
Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to what?
What would not be civil disobedience if the head of government of a country were to do?
Who would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen?
What type of citizen would a head of government be if they refused to enforce a decision of a country's highest court?
A constitutional impasse occurs when two public agencies, especially two equally what, conflict?
Who argued that government may express the will of the majority but it may also express nothing more than thewill of elite politicians?
What happened to Thoreau after he refused to pay taxes?
The majority may be powerful but it is what?
What did Thoreau advise a confused taxman to do when he refused to pay?
Who does Thoreau believe may express the will of the majority?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who argued that government may express the will of the majority but it may also express nothing more than thewill of elite politicians?
What did Thoreau advise a confused taxman to do when he refused to pay?
The majority may be powerful but it is what?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against what?
What are some examples of non-governmental agencies that Brownlee argues can be justified?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to what?
The same principle applies to breaches of law in protest against who?
Who argues that disobedience in opposition to decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
What does Brownlee believe can be justified in opposition to decisions of non-governmental agencies?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is what?
Along with trade unions, banks, and private agencies, what non-governmental entity can civil disobedience be justified against?
What does Stephen Eilmann argue should take the form of?
What does Stephen Eilmann believe should be done instead of what?
What did Hitler's secret police ask German citizens if they were doing?
What is the Book of Exodus?
Who refused a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did it?
What must be done in order to constitute civil disobedience?
What does Stephen Eilmann believe should be disobeyed?
What might a lawyer do to help a client overcome legal obstacles?
What did the Fully Informed Jury Association's publication "A Primer for Prospective Jurors" note?
Where can civil disobedience be traced back to?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is more destructive than civil disobedience?
Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is said to help preserve society's what?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is more destructive than civil disobedience?
What is rebellion considered to be?
What is the purpose of civil disobedients' refraining from violence?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who did Ferenc Deák direct revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government?
Who directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government?
Who's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
What does revolutionary civil disobedience attempt to change?
What is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is a reason for non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the goal of non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
When did the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience take place?
What did the Jews do to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem?
How was Thoreau's arrest covered?
What happened to the tax collector who arrested Thoreau?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
When did the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience take place?
What did the Jews gather in the streets to do?
What do some activists do when they commit civil disobedience as a group?
What is it called when activists refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
What type of acts have civil disobedients chosen?
What is the purpose of illegal protests?
What group brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the U.S. Government?
How long did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna?
What did Julia Butterfly Hill do for 738 days?
What have civil disobedients chosen a variety of?
What is an example of an illegal act?
What type of illegal protests may serve a propaganda purpose?
What did Voice in the Wilderness achieve?
Who lived in Luna for 738 days?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
What did Joseph Haas say in an email to Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors?
What is pure speech?
What case resulted from WBAI broadcasting the track "Filthy Words"?
In what year did the Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation occur?
What type of behavior can civil disobedience consist of engaging in?
What did WBAI do that led to the case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation?
What is another way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies?
What did Joseph Haas do?
What do illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins make it more difficult for?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What type of coercion can civil disobedients use in order to get their issue onto the table?
What might illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins be considered?
Along with illegal boycotts, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, what form of civil disobedience can make it more difficult for a system to function?
What can civil disobedients use to get their issue onto the table?
What is the conscientious aim of civil disobedients?
How did the Plowshares temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What do many of the same decisions and principles that apply in civil disobedience cases also apply to?
In civil disobedience cases, a suspect may need to decide what of his property?
What can serve no useful purpose, and may be harmful?
Why do some civil disobedients find it hard to resist responding to investigators?
What do some civil disobedients seek to do with their arrest?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to do?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of?
What do some civil disobedients not believe in?
What type of civil disobedients don't believe in the legitimacy of any government?
What do anarchists see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law?
What is an important decision for civil disobedients?
What do some believe is a civil disobedient's duty to do?
What does a civil disobedient say when they plead not guilty?
What does pleading not guilty send a message of?
What is it called when a defendant says "I plead for the beauty that surrounds us"?
Where was the protest held in 1957?
What did the protesters do when they were arrested?
What happened to the protesters who attempted to enter the test site?
What was the alternative to pleading guilty or not-guilty?
What was given to the arrested protesters after they were found guilty?
Why might protesters choose to go to jail?
What is one reason a protester might go to jail?
What is the key point of the spirit of protest?
What is an accession to 'the rules'?
What did the prosecution propose to civil disobedients?
What did the Camden 28 defendants receive in a plea bargain?
What do some activists use to secure the same plea bargain for everyone?
What type of plea bargain have some activists opted to enter?
Who pleaded guilty without an agreement?
What type of speech can some civil disobedience defendants make in allocution?
What did some civil disobedience defendants do in allocution?
What did the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit say Burgos-Andujar's statement suggested?
What did the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit say Burgos-Andujar's statement suggested?
What did some of the allocution speeches given by the protesters complain about?
What is the primary goal of a defendant who plead not guilty?
What can a defendant do to inform the jury and the public of the political circumstances surrounding the case?
What is the purpose of a technical defense in civil disobedience cases?
During what war did the Chicago Eight use a political defense?
What do some civil disobedients seek?
What type of disobedience would undermine the law by encouraging?
What type of disobedience would undermine the law by encouraging general disobedience?
What is a homosexual or cannabis user doing that is not civil disobedience?
A protestor who attempts to escape punishment by committing the crime covertly and avoiding attribution is generally viewed as what?
A protestor who attempts to escape punishment by committing the crime covertly and by doing what is generally viewed as not being a civil disobedient?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest?
During what war did courts refuse to excuse the perpetrators of illegal protests from punishment on the basis of their challenging the legality of the war?
What defense did the judge instruct the jury to disregard in Carter Wentworth's case?
Why have Fully Informed Jury Association activists escaped prosecution?
Along with deterrence, what is a major goal of criminal punishment?
What is the most important consideration in deciding whether or not to impose punishment?
Who decides whether or not to impose punishment on an objector?
What does Brownlee believe deterrence at the level of justification detracts from?
What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure called?
What does construction differ from?
How much of the gross domestic product of developed countries does construction as an industry comprise?
What does construction start with?
For whom does construction typically take place on location?
Who normally manages the job?
Who supervises a large-scale construction project?
What is essential for the successful execution of a project?
What are the largest construction projects referred to as?
Who must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job, successful scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding?
What are the three sectors of construction?
What are the two divisions of building construction?
What is infrastructure often called?
What is often called heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering?
What sector of construction includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants?
What is Engineering News-Record?
What is the name of the trade magazine for the construction industry?
In what year did ENR compile the data in nine market segments?
What did ENR use to rank firms as heavy contractors?
What are the three subsectors of construction?
What are the two categories of companies that manage construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion?
What two classification systems have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction?
What is a construction manager?
What is the process of adding structure to real property?
What are the majority of building construction jobs?
Who acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project?
What are some undesirable end results of building construction projects?
What do those with experience in the field do during the project to ensure a positive outcome?
Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to what?
What generally dictates the construction materials used?
What can residential construction generate?
What can vary dramatically based on site conditions, local regulations, and the availability of skilled tradespeople?
New techniques of building construction are being researched, made possible by advances in what?
How long does it take to build a small commercial building using 3D printing?
Are working versions of 3D-printing building technology already printing?
How much material are working versions of 3D-printing building technology printing per hour?
A formal design team may be assembled to do what?
In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of what?
Who is the design team most commonly employed by?
Who provides a bill of quantities?
Who is awarded a contract after evaluation of bids?
The modern trend in design is toward integration of what?
In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be what?
What is an example of a firm that offers itself as what for a construction project?
What is a contract called where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction?
What are some project structures that can assist the owner in integration?
What types of services do project structures allow the owner to integrate?
What are many companies putting more emphasis on?
What can a construction project suffer from?
When do underbids happen?
When do cash flow problems exist?
What is a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field?
Who are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project?
What is the most obvious source of funding for a building project?
Who studies the expected monetary flow over the life of the project?
What can cause cost overruns with government projects?
Who apply expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation?
What must a project adhere to?
Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit who?
What is malum in se considerations?
What are malum prohibitum considerations?
Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built?
What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?
What is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties?
What does the time element in construction mean?
What must the contracts be designed to ensure?
What type of contracts lead to confusion and collapse?
What is a new form of procurement that involves?
What does PPs stand for?
What does PPP stand for?
What is the focus of relationship contracting?
Who acts as the project coordinator?
In the most common method of construction procurement, the architect or engineer acts as what?
Who has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor?
Who has a direct contractual relationship with the architect's client?
When does the procedure continue until?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
Who presents different ideas about how to accomplish the goals of a project?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
How many contractors work together on a design-bid-build contract?
What happens to phase 2 of a design-bid-build contract?
Who are typically required to verify and have existing utility lines marked?
What is less likely to happen to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone and cable facilities?
What types of utility lines are marked before the foundation can be dug?
Who inspects the building periodically?
What may be issued after a final inspection has been passed?
What was the annual revenue of the US construction industry in 2014?
How much of the construction industry's revenue is private?
How many firms were in the construction industry as of 2005?
How many employees did the average contractor have in 2005?
How many women were employed in the construction industry as of 2011?
What is the average earning for a professional in the construction industry in the Middle East?
What is the average salary in the UK for a professional in the construction industry?
Where have some construction workers made more than $100,000 annually?
What is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world?
What is one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers?
What are some major causes of fatalities in the construction industry?
What can curtail the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry?
What are private schools also known as?
What type of scholarship might a student receive at a private school?
What do private schools charge their students?
What right do private schools retain?
What is the annual tuition fee at several New England preparatory schools?
What type of schools are called in North America?
Along with the United Kingdom and Canada, what Commonwealth country uses the term "tuition-free" to refer to education?
In what country does private education cover the whole gamut of educational activity?
What is year twelve known as?
What is another name for year 13?
What is another term for university-preparatory schools?
Along with the location of the school, the willingness of parents to pay, and the school's financial endowment, what is another factor that determines the cost of private secondary schools?
Who do schools claim high tuition is used to pay higher salaries for?
Parochial schools are often used to denote what type of schools?
Along with Protestants, Jews, Muslims and Muslims, what religious group is represented in the K-12 private education sector?
What type of education do some denominational schools teach?
What is a tool not readily available to government schools?
What is a compulsory uniform for Australian private schools?
Are private schools in Australia more or less expensive than public schools?
Along with the Anglican Church and Uniting Church, what church is an example of a non-aligned school?
What type of school is Loreto Kirribilli?
Where is St Aloysius' College located?
What gender is Loreto Normanhurst for?
In what article of the Grundgesetz is the right to create private schools in Germany?
What event is the protection of private schools meant to protect them from?
Between 1992 and 2008, what was the percent of pupils in private schools in Germany?
What is the percentage of students in private high schools in Germany?
What was the percentage of pupils in private schools in the former GDR between 1992 and 2008?
What forbids segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents?
What are ordinary primary or secondary schools?
How much do most Ersatzschulen charge for tuition?
What are secondary or post-secondary schools called?
What type of school are most Ergänzungsschulen?
What do Ergänzungsschulen charge their students?
What type of groups often run Ergänzungsschulen?
In India, what are private schools called?
What is the name of the Examination Boards that are present in multiple states?
How many Examination Boards are there in India?
Who provides the broad policy directions for the administration of schools in India?
Along with non-profit trusts, who can run schools in India?
What country has the largest adult illiterate population in the world?
What does ASER stand for?
What does ASER do?
What is the medium of education in private schools?
What is another name for private schools in Ireland?
In Ireland, private schools are unusual because of what?
What is the average fee for a private school in Ireland?
What is the name of the religious order that runs most private schools in Ireland?
What is the average fee for a private school in Ireland?
In what year did Malaysia become independent?
What language were primary schools allowed to retain as their medium of instruction?
What language are Chinese secondary schools required to change to?
What type of school system did Malaysia adopt after independence?
How many schools converted to become National Type schools?
What are schools that accept government funds called?
How are private 'un-aided' schools funded?
Where is the Galaxy Public School located?
What is the medium of education in Nepal?
What is the official language of Nepal?
How many private schools were in New Zealand as of April 2014?
As of April 2014, how many students were attending private schools in New Zealand?
What percentage of New Zealand students attend private schools?
What type of school system integrated between 1979 and 1984?
What is the largest city in New Zealand?
What type of private school is King's College and Diocesan School for Girls?
Where is Samuel Marsden Collegiate School located?
Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College are what type of private school?
In what city is Rangi Ruru Girls' School located?
What Catholic schismatic group operates three private schools in Wanganui?
How much of primary enrollment does the private sector account for in the Philippines?
What percentage of secondary enrollment in the Philippines is provided by the private sector?
What percentage of tertiary enrollment is provided by the private sector in the Philippines?
When was the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools issued?
Along with English, mathematics and English, what science is offered at the option of a private school in the Philippines?
What scheme provides financial assistance for students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows?
What is geared to students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes?
What is made available to underprivileged, but deserving high school graduates?
What law recognizes two categories of schools in South Africa?
In what year was the South African Schools Act passed?
What is the second category of schools in South Africa?
What type of schools are independent?
In what century were some of the oldest schools in South Africa established?
What does the term Model C continue to be used to describe?
What type of academic results do Model C schools produce?
How much do Model C schools tend to set school fees?
What percentage of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008?
How many pupils does Kunskapsskolan teach?
How many employees does Kunskapsskolan have?
What does Kunskapsskolan mean?
What type of model does Sweden use to allow students to choose a private school?
At what age do Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils to enter public schools?
What is another name for private schools?
According to The Good Schools Guide, what percentage of children in the UK are attending fee-paying schools at GSCE level?
At what age do Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils to enter public schools?
What is the average fee for day pupils at an independent school in the UK?
What was the name of the 1954 court case that demanded United States schools desegregate?
What type of private schools have shut down since the 1970s?
In what part of the U.S. did many white students migrate to Christian academies?
What race of students migrated to Christian academies?
What group of students did public schools in Mississippi become more heavily concentrated with?
Along with student tuition, scholarship/voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals, what is a common source of funding for private schools?
What amendment is the Establishment Clause of?
Which amendment of the First Amendment forbids government funding for religious schools?
Non-religious private schools prefer public funding instead of what type of status?
In what state did compulsory education begin in 1852?
In what year did private schooling begin in Massachusetts?
In what year was Pierce v. Society of Sisters decided?
What was the name of Pierce v. Society of Sisters?
What is the most relevant Supreme Court case law on private schooling?
What was the average tuition for day schools in New York City in 2012?
What was the average tuition for boarding schools in 2012?
What is one of the leading boarding schools in the United States?
How does the Groton School supplement its endowments?
Who was the first benefactor of Harvard?
In what year did the undergraduate college become coeducational?
Who led Harvard through the Great Depression and World War II?
What organization was Harvard a founding member of in 1900?
Who was the president of Harvard from 1869-1909?
What is the world's largest academic and private library system?
How many individual libraries does the Harvard Library have?
How many volumes does the Harvard Library contain?
How many U.S. presidents are alumni of Harvard?
How many Nobel laureates have graduated from Harvard?
Where is Harvard's main campus located?
How much is Harvard's financial endowment?
The business school and athletics facilities of Harvard are located across what river?
How many academic units is Harvard organized into?
What is the name of Harvard's main campus?
In what year was Harvard formed?
What colony was Harvard formed in 1636?
In what year did Harvard become home for North America's first known printing press?
In what year was Harvard College renamed?
When was the charter creating the Harvard Corporation granted?
Who did the College train in the early years?
What type of curriculum did the college offer?
Was the college affiliated with any particular denomination?
In what year did Joseph Willard die?
Who was appointed to the presidency of Harvard two years later?
In what year was Henry Ware elected to the chair of Harvard's Divinity School?
Who gave natural history lectures in 1846?
Agassiz's perspective on science combined observation with what?
Who were two Scottish philosophers whose works were part of the Harvard curriculum at the time?
Who was the most crucial figure in the secularization of American higher education?
What type of convictions did Eliot have?
Who were the Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions derived from?
Who reinvigorated creative scholarship?
What did Conant do to support talented youth?
In what year was the Conant Report published?
How many men attend Harvard College for every woman?
In what year did the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe occur?
What happened after the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe admissions in 1977?
How far is Harvard Yard from the State House?
How many residential houses do undergraduates live in at Harvard?
What river is south of Harvard Yard?
Where are the other three residential houses located?
Where is the Harvard Business School located?
What is the name of the pedestrian bridge that connects the Harvard Business School and the Cambridge campus?
In what area of Boston is the Harvard Medical School located?
How much more land does Harvard own in Allston than in Cambridge?
What are some proposals to connect the Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus?
What are some of the benefits of the expansion of Harvard's Allston campus?
How many professors, lecturers, and instructors teach at Harvard?
How many undergraduates do Harvard's 2,400 professors instruct?
How many graduate students attend Harvard?
In what year was crimson officially adopted by the student body of Harvard?
In what year did Charles William Eliot buy red bandanas for his crew?
How much was Harvard's endowment worth in 2011?
How much did Harvard's endowment lose in 2008-09?
What was the name of the $1.2 billion science complex that Harvard halted construction of in 2011?
How much was Harvard's Pell Grant reserve in 2012?
What was the total financial aid reserve for students at Harvard in 2012?
When was the divestment from South Africa movement?
Who gave a speech at Harvard Yard in the late 1980s?
How much did Harvard reduce its South African holdings by?
What was the acceptance rate for the class of 2019?
In what year did Harvard College end its early admissions program?
Why did Harvard end its early admissions program in 2007?
In what year was an Early Action program reintroduced at Harvard?
Between 1978 and 2008, entering students were required to complete what outside of their concentration?
Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete courses in how many categories?
What have some students criticized Harvard for?
When does Harvard's semester calendar begin?
What must students maintain to be considered full-time at Harvard?
What are students graduating in the top 4-5% of the class awarded?
What percentage of students received Latin honors in 2005?
What was the annual tuition for the 2012-13 school year?
What was the total cost of attendance for the 2012-13 school year?
What did families with incomes below $60,000 pay in 2007?
How many grants did Harvard offer in 2009?
What percentage of Harvard's aid for undergraduate students comes from grants?
Where is the center of the Harvard University Library System?
What are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use?
Where is America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases stored?
How many volumes does the Harvard University Library System hold?
How many museums are in the Harvard Art Museums?
What does the Fogg Museum of Art cover?
What is the name of the museum that specializes in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere?
Since what year has Harvard consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU)?
In what year did Mines ParisTech rank Harvard 1st university in the world in terms of number of alumni holding CEO position in Fortune Global 500 companies?
In a poll done by The Princeton Review in 2013, where was Harvard ranked in terms of "dream college"?
How many intercollegiate sports does Harvard compete in?
Who does Harvard have an intense athletic rivalry with?
When does The Game take place?
When did the annual football meeting between Harvard and Yale begin?
In what year did Harvard Stadium introduce a new era into football?
In what year did Walter Camp support revolutionary new rules for football?
Who was Walter Camp?
What multi-purpose arena is home to the Harvard basketball teams?
What is the name of Harvard's primary recreation facility?
How many weight rooms are in the Malkin Athletic Center?
How old is the Harvard-Yale Regatta?
On what river is the Harvard-Yale Regatta held?
What is the rivalry between Harvard and Cornell?
In what year did Harvard win the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships?
Who is the current U.N. Secretary?
What is the name of the Colombian President?
Who is the Costa Rican President?
Who is the Israeli Prime Minister?
Who is a comedian, television show host and writer?
Who is the conductor?
Who is a cellist?
Who was a civil rights leader?
Who is a Fields Medalist mathematician?
Which two legal scholars are members of Harvard's faculty?
Who is a Shakespeare scholar at Harvard?
What is the largest city by population in Florida?
What was the population of the Jacksonville metropolitan area in 2010?
Where does Jacksonville rank among the most populous US cities?
What county is Jacksonville the county seat of?
In what year did the city government of Jacksonville consolidate?
On what river is Jacksonville located?
How far is Jacksonville from Miami?
What was one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States?
Who originally inhabited the area of Jacksonville?
Who was the first military governor of Florida Territory?
What is the ranking of the Port of Jacksonville as a seaport?
What type of tourism is important to the Jacksonville area?
How many US Navy bases are in Jacksonville?
What are people from Jacksonville called?
How many years has the area of Jacksonville been inhabited?
Who discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the US?
Who were the Mocama a coastal subgroup of?
In the 16th century, the region was inhabited by the Mocama, a coastal subgroup of the Timucua people?
What may be the earliest recorded name for Jacksonville?
Who charted the St. Johns River in 1562?
Who did Ribault claim the newly discovered land for?
Who did Philip II of Spain order to attack Fort Caroline?
What was the Spanish name of Fort Caroline?
What was the name of the first European settlement in Florida?
After what war did Spain cede Florida to the British?
What did the British do to connect St. Augustine to Georgia?
Why did the British call the Cow Ford or Cowford?
Who ceded Florida to the British in 1763?
When did the Florida Legislative Council approve the charter for a town government?
Who won the Battle of Olustee?
What was the name of the first Confederate victory in Florida?
What was the name of the battle that took place in February 1864?
What left the city disrupted after the war?
What was the name of the battle that took place in March 1864?
During what era did Jacksonville and St. Augustine become popular winter resorts for the rich and famous?
Who attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in Jacksonville in 1888?
What caused a decline in tourism in the late 19th century?
What drew visitors to other areas of Florida?
By steamboat and later by what method did visitors arrive in Jacksonville?
What type of moss was in a mattress factory that caused the fire to spread rapidly?
How many buildings were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1901?
What did Governor Jennings do?
What is one of the worst disasters in Florida history?
What type of filmmakers came to Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What type of film studios were established in Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What was Jacksonville's nickname in the 1910s?
What city became a major film production center?
What led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs?
What was the percentage of non-Hispanic white people in Jacksonville in 2010?
What left Jacksonville with a poorer population than before?
Who was responsible for the Jacksonville Story?
After what event did Jacksonville suffer from rapid urban sprawl?
What caused problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control?
What type of residents had difficulty obtaining municipal services?
What did a 1958 study recommend the city of Jacksonville begin doing?
Who rejected annexation plans between 1960 and 1965?
How were Jacksonville's elected officials elected in the mid-1960s?
How many officials were indicted after a grand jury was convened to investigate?
What was the name of the group led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates?
What happened to all 15 of Duval County's public high schools in 1964?
What was the result of the consolidation referendum held in 1967?
Who was the mayor of Jacksonville in 1968?
What was the new border of the Consolidated City of Jacksonville called?
What plan was approved by Jacksonville voters in 2000?
What did the Better Jacksonville Plan do?
What is the total area of Jacksonville?
What river divides the city of Jacksonville?
What major tributary of the St. Johns River is located entirely within Jacksonville?
What percentage of Jacksonville is water?
What is the name of the town that Jacksonville surrounds?
What is the Bank of America Tower?
What was the Bank of America Tower originally called?
What is the height of the Bank of America Tower?
How many floors is the Riverplace Tower?
What makes the Wells Fargo Center the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline?
What type of climate does Jacksonville have?
What are the warmest months in Jacksonville?
What type of weather does Jacksonville have in the winter?
Why does Jacksonville see very little cold weather?
What was the highest temperature recorded on July 11, 1879?
What type of weather can erupt during a typical summer afternoon?
Along with rapid heating of the land relative to the water, what causes thunderstorms to erupt?
In what month of the year do mean monthly temperatures range from 53 F to 82 F?
What was the strongest hurricane to hit the First Coast in 1964?
What was the wind speed of Hurricane Dora when it hit St. Augustine?
What hurricane hit Jacksonville on May 28, 2012?
On what scale did Hurricane Dora become a strong Category 2?
In what year did Tropical Storm Fay hit Jacksonville?
What is Jacksonville's tenth-largest population?
How many people lived in Jacksonville as of 2010?
What is Jacksonville's Arab population?
What is Jacksonville's largest American community?
What percentage of households were made up of individuals?
What percentage of households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% of adults own in the year 2000?
How many people are in the bottom 50% of the world's population?
What did Credit Suisse publish in October 2015?
Oxfam's claims have been questioned on the basis of what?
What does Anthony Shorrocks consider the criticism about debt to be?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% of adults own in the year 2000?
What do the three richest people in the world possess more of than the lowest 48 nations combined?
What was the combined wealth of the 10 million dollar millionaires in 2008?
How much of the world's wealth is now in the hands of those in the top percentile?
Why are there more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China?
According to PolitiFact, how many richest Americans are there?
Who reported on July 22, 2014 that the "richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent"?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
According to the Institute for Policy Studies, over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans " grew up in substantial privilege"?
According to PolitiFact, the top 400 richest Americans have more of what than half of all Americans combined?
Who now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent of Americans?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
How many of the Forbes richest 400 Americans grew up in substantial privilege?
Who said that over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
What type of economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land?
Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from what?
Neoclassical economics believes that differences in value added within labor income distribution are due to what?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what?
In neoclassical economics, wages and profits are determined by what?
Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from what?
What is the cause of differences in labor income distribution within neoclassical economics?
What are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor?
In neoclassical economics, wages and profits are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what?
What are capitalist firms under competitive pressure to do?
What happens when the organic composition of capital increases?
What happens when less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs?
What does the substitution of capital equipment for labor result in for the capitalist class?
Capital firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for what?
What are capitalist firms under competitive pressure to do?
What do capitalist firms increasingly do for labor inputs?
The substitution of capital equipment for labor raises what of each worker?
What is the wages for the working class?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer?
Under what law is the price of skill determined?
What will employers who offer a below market wage find that their business is chronically understaffed?
What will competitors do when an employer is chronically understaffed?
What are outcomes that are caused by high levels of inequality widely viewed as?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, who controls workers wages?
Wages work in the same way as what for any other good?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer?
What can also concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society, and abuse workers and consumers?
What are outcomes that are caused by high levels of inequality widely viewed as?
What tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker?
A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time but few require is called what?
A job where there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions will result in what?
How can members receive higher wages?
Who may limit the supply of workers?
A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time but few require will result in what?
What drives down the wage?
Why does competition amongst workers tend to drive down wages?
A job where there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions will result in high wages for that job?
Who drives up wages due to the nature of the job?
Higher economic inequality tends to increase what at the individual level?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What is another term for necessity-based entrepreneurship?
What is another term for achievement-oriented motivations?
What type of entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations?
What tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level?
What type of entrepreneurship is often based on?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What type of motivations does opportunity-based entrepreneurship have?
What type of impact does opportunity-based entrepreneurship have on economic growth?
What is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases?
In a progressive tax system, what will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
The rate at which income is taxed is coupled with the progressivity of what?
What increases as the taxable base amount increases?
What will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What type of progressivity can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
What is an indicator for the effects of taxation?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What type of education do people who can't afford an education choose not to pursue?
What do those who are unable to afford an education receive?
Education raises incomes and promotes growth because it helps to unleash the productive potential of whom?
A lack of education leads to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate what?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
Education in an area where there is a high demand for workers creates what?
A lack of education leads directly to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment.
What does a lack of education lead to?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What did S&P recommend to partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting slow growth?
How much money did S&P say would be added to the economy if the average US worker completed one more year of school?
What type of cycles did S&P say the widening disparity between the wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation made it more prone to?
What rating agency recommended increasing access to education?
In what year did economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency conclude that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession?
When was the last recession in the U.S.?
What did S&P recommend to partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting slow growth?
How much money did S&P say would be added to the economy if the average US worker completed one more year of school?
What type of cycles did S&P say the widening disparity between the wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation made it more prone to?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What happened to skilled workers during the mass high school education movement?
What happened to the price of skilled labor during the mass high school education movement?
What can result to low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education?
What did the decrease in wages cause?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers lead to?
What was the purpose of high school during the mass high school education movement?
What is very important for the growth of the economy?
What can result to low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education?
What has remained strong in continental European liberalism?
What countries have unions that have remained strong?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor market outcomes?
What type of liberalism has remained strong?
John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer point to economic liberalism and the decline of union membership as one of the causes of what?
What is the U.S. economic and social model associated with substantial levels of?
What organization did John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer belong to?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor market outcomes?
Does the US economy provide a higher or lower level of economic mobility than continental European countries for which data is available?
What country has very low levels of inequality?
What goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
The decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than what?
What is Jake Rosenfield's profession?
Where is Jake Rosenfield from?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What is the rate of unionization in Scandinavia?
What does high inequality go hand-in-hand with?
What may happen to low-skilled workers in rich countries when they trade with poor countries?
What may low-skilled workers in the poor countries see as a result of trade with rich countries?
What does Robert Lawrence believe has caused low-skilled jobs to be replaced by machine labor?
What have low-skilled jobs been replaced by in wealthier nations?
Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from what scale to a domestic scale?
Who may see increased wages when rich countries trade with poor countries?
What has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States?
What is the effect of trade on inequality in America?
What have low-skilled jobs been replaced by in wealthier nations?
What is the income gap in Botswana?
What is the income gap in Bahrain?
Why are women more likely than men to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of whom in the labor market?
In many countries, there is a pay gap in favor of males in the labor market?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of whom?
Who is more likely than men to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
Who wrote Knowledge and Decisions?
What is the difference in earnings between women and men in the US once other factors are accounted for?
What type of programs can help more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have what kind of distributions of wealth?
As a country develops, it acquires what?
What is one way that more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
What is Simon Kuznets's profession?
What did Simon Kuznets argue were in large part the result of stages of development?
As a country develops, it acquires what?
As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having what?
More developed countries move back to what?
During what years did income inequality fall in the United States?
When did the level of income inequality begin to rise?
What sector of the economy did Kuznets' curve move from?
What sector did Kuznets' curve move from to the service sector?
Who created the Kuznets curve?
What is the name of Kuznets' curve?
What has recent testing of Kuznets' theory shown it to be?
Kuznets' curve predicts that income inequality will do what?
What is it possible for multiple Kuznets cycles to be in at any given time?
What is a theoretical process by which newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities?
According to Piketty, those who already hold wealth have what?
What does Piketty believe is the fundamental force for divergence?
What does Piketty believe generates higher returns?
Where does wealth concentrate under certain conditions?
Who are the beneficiaries of wealth concentration?
What can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society?
Who wrote Capital in the Twenty-First Century?
What does Thomas Piketty believe larger fortunes generate?
What should serve as a brake on concentrations of wealth and income?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What kind of skills will the market bid up compensation for?
What does Stiglitz believe is a better explainer of growing inequality?
What is the non-market force known as?
Higher rates of health and social problems, lower rates of social goods, and a lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption are effects of what?
What can cause a lower level of economic growth?
What is lower in more unequal countries?
Higher rates of health and social problems, lower rates of social goods, and a lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption are effects of what?
Is life expectancy higher or lower in more unequal countries?
In what year did Shiller say that rising inequality is the most important problem?
What is the most important problem in the United States and elsewhere?
What effect does high and persistent unemployment have on long-run economic growth?
What is a waste of resources that can harm growth?
What type of growth does rising inequality harm?
What nationality are Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett?
What is the rate of health and social problems in countries and states with higher inequality?
In countries like Japan and Finland, where did the researchers find social/health problems lower or higher?
How many developed countries did Wilkinson and Pickett study?
What does Utah and New Hampshire have high levels of?
What did higher material living standards lead to?
In what countries does life expectancy increase rapidly as per capita income increases?
What increases rapidly as per capita income increases?
Which country has a higher GDP per capita?
How was income distributed in Japan?
What characteristic has strongly correlated with health in developed countries?
Who created an index of "Health and Social Problems"?
How many factors did Wilkinson and Pickett use to create an index of "Health and Social Problems"?
Where are health and social problems more common?
What does the UNICEF index of "child well-being in rich countries" correlate with?
Crime rate has been shown to be correlated with what in society?
Most studies looking into the relationship between inequality and crime have concentrated on what?
How many studies have shown tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger?
About half of all variation in homicide rates can be accounted for by what?
How much is the difference in homicide rates between the U.S States and Canadian Provinces related to inequality?
What is the utilitarian principle of seeking?
A house that provides less utility to a millionaire as a summer home than it would to a homeless family of five is an example of what?
An additional dollar spent by a poor person will go to things providing what to that person?
What happens to the marginal utility of wealth per person as a person becomes richer?
A society with more equality will have what?
What should be the measure of inequality?
What type of Cato Institute is Will Wilkinson?
In what year was consumption inequality lower than it was in 1986?
Who wrote "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor"?
What is Thomas B. Edsall's profession?
What is Raghuram Rajan's profession?
What has created deep financial fault lines?
What is the most recent example of a financial crisis?
What has political pressure developed to extend to lower and middle income earners to compensate for stagnating purchasing power?
What has political pressure developed to extend to lower and middle income earners to compensate for stagnating purchasing power?
What is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth spells?
High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but also what?
What happens to GDP growth if the income share of the top 20 percent increases?
What is an increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent associated with?
Who matter the most for growth?
What is Vicente Royuela's profession?
According to economists David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms what?
What does high and persistent unemployment have a negative effect on?
Why does unemployment harm growth?
What do policies aiming at controlling unemployment reduce?
What did Joseph Stiglitz present in 2009?
How did Joseph Stiglitz believe inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What is the main reason for this shift?
What has become the secret to growth?
When did Galor and Zeira show that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development?
In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting what effect on human capital formation?
What did Perotti study in 1996?
What is inequality associated with higher levels of?
What type of societies are very unequal societies?
Do high levels of inequality encourage or reduce growth in relatively poor countries?
Do high levels of inequality reduce or encourage growth in richer countries?
What did Barro find little relation between income inequality and rates of?
Where was Robert Barro from?
When was a study of Swedish counties done?
What theory states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases?
What does the Kuznets curve hypothesis say happens with economic development?
Who challenges the Kuznets curve hypothesis?
What is Thomas Piketty's profession?
What did Piketty say reduced inequality from 1914 to 1945?
In what decade did some theories establish possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development?
According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy were thought to offset what?
A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has done what?
How long does it take for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth?
Longer growth spells are robustly associated with what?
What must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth?
The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction can depend on what?
What is the growth elasticity of poverty?
What organization is Ban Ki-Moon the Secretary General of?
What does Ban Ki-Moon believe economic growth is not sufficient for?
What is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system?
How is much unregistered property held in informal form?
What type of property is held outside of the formal property ownership registration system?
How many steps does it take in some countries to build on government land?
In some countries it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on what?
What is caused in part by income inequality?
What type of housing decreased between 1984 and 1991?
Why did the number of quality rental units decrease between 1984 and 1991?
Why did rental prices increase in East New York?
What policy made it difficult or impossible for low income residents to keep pace with rising prices?
Who shares the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care?
What are those on lower incomes worse equipped to manage?
What term describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts?
What is one method of aspirational consumption?
What is the result of aspirational consumption?
The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is what?
The increase in environmental degradation is the result of the increase of what?
What is the result of the increase of emissions per person being multiplied by a multiplier?
What is one way that human inequality can be addressed/corrected?
What do socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to?
What does the private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners create?
The vast majority of the population is dependent on income in the form of what?
How should the means of production be owned by socialists?
What would income differentials be if the means of production were socially owned?
Who argued that government redistributes wealth by force?
In what form did Robert Nozick argue that government redistributes wealth by force?
How did Robert Nozick argue that government redistributes wealth?
What did Nozick believe some modern economic inequalities were the result of?
When did John Rawls argue that inequalities in the distribution of wealth are justified?
What does the human development approach look at income inequality and poverty as?
Economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than what?
What is the goal of the human development approach?
How does the human development approach aim to widen people's choices?
What is agency?
What happens when a person's capabilities are lowered?
An old, ill man cannot do what?
What may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home?
Why do people not go to work?
What can people work towards?
Who produces Doctor Who?
In what year was Doctor Who first aired?
What is the name of the ship in which the Doctor explores the universe?
What is the exterior of the TARDIS in Doctor Who?
What type of show is Doctor Who?
When did Doctor Who originally run?
Who created Torchwood and The Sarah Jane Adventures?
What was the name of the single pilot episode of Doctor Who that aired in 1981?
Who produced the first series of Doctor Who?
Who starred in the first series of Doctor Who in the 21st century?
How many actors have headlined the series as the Doctor?
Who took on the role of the Doctor after Matt Smith's exit?
In what 2013 Christmas special did Peter Capaldi take over for Matt Smith?
When does regeneration occur?
What does regeneration give the character of the Doctor?
What planet is The Doctor from?
What is the name of the time machine that The Doctor fled from Gallifrey in?
What is the name of The Doctor's time machine?
What allows the TARDIS to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise?
Why does the Doctor's TARDIS remain fixed as a blue British Police box?
How often does the Doctor travel alone?
Who is a renegade Time Lord?
What can the Doctor do when his body is mortally damaged?
Who are the Doctor's companions?
What is the Doctor's profession?
When did Doctor Who first appear on BBC TV?
What was the name of the second Doctor Who serial?
Why was The Mutants rejected?
Who wrote The Mutants?
How long was each episode of Doctor Who?
How many seasons of Doctor Who did the BBC drama department produce?
Who was controller of BBC 1 in 1989?
What was the name of the documentary that aired in 1989?
What did the BBC repeatedly affirm about Doctor Who?
On what channel was Doctor Who broadcast for 26 seasons?
What did the BBC hope to find an independent production company to do?
Who approached the BBC about relaunching Doctor Who?
On what network was the Doctor Who television film broadcast in 1996?
How many viewers watched the Doctor Who film in the United States?
Where did Philip Segal work for Columbia Pictures?
What was the name of the Doctor Who episode that returned in 2005?
In what year did Doctor Who return?
In what year was the last full series of Doctor Who filmed?
Who will replace Steven Moffat as Doctor Who's head writer in 2018?
What type of Doctor Who special has been broadcast every year since 2005?
When was the original Doctor Who series?
What version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963-1989 series?
In what year was 'Doctor Who' telefilm released?
What are two examples of reboots?
The 2005 version of Doctor Who is similar to the 1988 continuation of what series?
On what date did the BBC broadcast the second episode of "Doctor Who"?
How long did it take for the first episode to go out?
How long was the first episode of 'EastEnders' delayed?
What was the reason for the delay of the first episode of 'Doctor Who'?
Why did the BBC believe many viewers had missed this introduction to a new series due to the coverage of the assassination?
What phrase entered British pop culture?
What museum in London named their exhibition "Behind the Sofa"?
What did the Museum of the Moving Image call their exhibition celebrating Doctor Who?
What did Digital Spy call Doctor Who in 2011?
What website called Doctor Who the "scariest TV show of all time"?
What was the most violent of the drama programmes the BBC produced at the time?
What percentage of the surveyed audience thought Doctor Who was "very unsuitable" for family viewing?
Who said that Dr Who was "sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare"?
Whatopoly game did Philip Howard compare Dr Who to?
In what newspaper did Philip Howard respond to the findings of the survey?
What has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness?
In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS' what design?
What did Coburn's idea of a police box serve as?
Who filed an objection to the trade mark claim in 1998?
In what year did the Patent Office rule in favor of the BBC?
How many seasons did Doctor Who originally run on BBC One?
When did Doctor Who end?
How many episodes did The Daleks' Master Plan air?
What was the name of the rogue Time Lord that the Doctor battled in season 8?
What was the name of season 20 of Doctor Who?
In what year did the serial format change?
How long are the self-contained episodes in the 2005 revival?
On what day of the week is an extended episode of "Doctor Who" usually broadcast?
What was the name of the 2008 episode that exceeded an hour in length?
In what year did "The Eleventh Hour" air?
How many Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963?
What is the most common format of Doctor Who episodes?
How many Christmas specials have there been?
How long is the longest Doctor Who Christmas special?
In what year was "Planet of the Dead" filmed?
Who were the first two Doctors of Doctor Who?
How many Doctor Who episodes are not held in the BBC's archives?
What seasons of Doctor Who are missing from the BBC's archives?
In what year did the BBC stop wiping tapes and destroying "spare" film copies?
When were large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries destroyed?
How were some episodes returned to the BBC from archives of other countries?
Who made early color videotape recordings off-air?
Along with The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve and Marco Polo, what is the only short clip from the show that still exists?
On what type of film were excerpts filmed from the television screen onto?
Where do audio versions of all of the lost episodes exist?
Who released official reconstructions of The Invasion on VHS?
What animation studio did the BBC work with to reconstruct episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion?
In what year was 'The Invasion' released?
Who animated the missing episodes of The Reign of Terror?
When was The Invasion released on DVD?
What did producers introduce to permit the recasting of the main character?
What was the first time the term regeneration was used?
What prompted the concept of regeneration?
What did Hartnell's Doctor describe undergoing?
What did the Second Doctor undergo?
How many times can a Time Lord regenerate?
How many incarnations did the Doctor have?
What was the name of the episode that showed the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations?
What serials established that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times?
In what year was The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead aired?
Who guest starred as the War Doctor in 2013?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special of 'Doctor Who'?
Who played the Valeyard in The Trial of a Time Lord?
What was the name of the 1986 serial in which Michael Jayston portrayed the Valeyard?
John Hurt's War Doctor was retroactively inserted into the show's fictional chronology between which two Doctors?
Who did John Hurt play in "The Name of the Doctor"?
In what 1973 episode did William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton return to play the Doctor?
Who starred with Patrick Troughton in 1983's The Five Doctors?
In what story did the First Doctor encounter himself?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special episode of Doctor Who?
Who starred in the 1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
What audio drama was released in 2003 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Doctor Who?
Who starred in the 2010 audio drama The Four Doctors?
Who appeared in the 1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
In what year did 'Doctor Who' celebrate its 40th anniversary?
In what 2013 episode did the Eleventh Doctor clarify he was the product of the twelfth regeneration?
In what 1976 episode was it hinted that the First Doctor may not have been the first incarnation?
In what 1983 episode did the Fifth Doctor confirm that he was currently in his fifth incarnation?
In what 2010 episode did the Eleventh Doctor call himself "the Eleventh"?
In what year was Mawdryn Undead aired?
What was the name of the first serial in which the Doctor has a granddaughter?
Who is the Doctor's granddaughter?
In what year did the Ninth Doctor think he was the last surviving Time Lord?
What happened to the Ninth Doctor's home planet?
In what 2007 episode did the Doctor say he no longer had a brother?
What is the gender of the companion figure in Doctor Who?
What is the only story from the original series in which the Doctor travels alone?
Who were the Doctor's first companions?
What is Barbara Wright's job?
What was the name of the Time Lady in the first series of Doctor Who?
What gender is the primary companion of the Doctor?
Who were the secondary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors?
Which Doctor was the first to travel with a married couple?
Who will be the Doctor's newest traveling companion?
Who is Donna Noble?
Who was the executive producer of Doctor Who in 2005?
In what series did the Daleks appear?
What was the name of the alien introduced in series 2 of Doctor Who?
In what series did the Master appear?
What is the name of the alien introduced in the 50th Anniversary Special?
What are Doctor Who's oldest villains?
On what planet are the Daleks from?
What is the main purpose of the Daleks?
Who mutated the Daleks?
What is the main weakness of the Daleks?
Who is the Doctor's archenemy?
What is the Master's profession?
Who played the Master in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who?
What was the Master originally conceived as?
Who was the first actor to play the Master?
Who played the Master in the 2007 episode "Utopia"?
What was the name of the 2007 episode in which Derek Jacobi re-introduction the Master?
In what year was it revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation?
What was the name of the Time Lady in the 2014 episode "Dark Water"?
Who plays the Time Lady in "Dark Water"?
Who composed the original theme?
Where was Delia Derbyshire from?
What technique was used to build up the theme?
How many seasons were there in 1979-80?
What did Grainer ask when he heard the finished result of the theme tune?
Who recorded a different arrangement for season 18 (1980)?
Who replaced Peter Howell for season 18 (1980)?
Which Doctor's era lasted from season 24 (1987) to 1989?
Who provided a new arrangement for the return of Doctor Who in 2005?
What was the name of the 2005 Christmas episode?
What was the name of the 2007 Christmas special episode?
What radio station did the theme tune chart at number 228 in 2011?
In what year did Gold return as composer?
In 2011, the theme tune charted at what number in Classic FM's Hall of Fame?
Who was responsible for a new version of the theme in 2007?
Who played the Third Doctor?
What group released a disco version of the Doctor Who theme in 1978?
What was the number of the disco version of the Doctor Who theme in the UK charts?
What was the name of the single The Timelords released in 1988?
What was the name of the single The Timelords released in 1988?
Who was the most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years of Doctor Who?
What was Simpson's first Doctor Who score?
During what years did Simpson write music for many adventures of Doctor Who?
What was Dudley Simpson's last Doctor Who score?
In what Doctor Who episode did Dudley Simpson make a cameo appearance?
Who performed incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
Who performed incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
On what date was a Doctor Who Prom held?
What was the name of the specially filmed mini-episode that aired on Christmas Day 2006?
Who composed the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
How many Doctor Who soundtrack releases have been released since 2005?
The first soundtrack featured tracks from what two series of Doctor Who?
What did the fourth soundtrack contain?
What was the name of the 2010 Christmas special soundtrack?
When was the soundtrack for Series 5 released?
What was used for the first Doctor?
Which Doctor Who logo had the "DW" TARDIS insignia removed?
What is the primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors?
What was the logo used for the Third Doctor's final season?
Who had the "DW" TARDIS insignia placed to the right in 2012?
What event was the first episode of Doctor Who premiering the day after?
Where has Doctor Who always appeared?
When did Tom Baker occasionally draw audiences of over 12 million?
When was the Dalekmania period?
On what channel are Doctor Who episodes now repeated?
When did the viewership peak at 16 million viewers?
What was the main cause of the BBC Board of Control's suspension of EastEnders in 1989?
What was the most popular soap opera at the time of the strike?
What was Coronation Street?
When did the show have its third period of high ratings?
On what channel did the 1983 20th anniversary special of The Five Doctors air?
In what country did Silver Nemesis air?
Where did the 1996 television film premièred on CITV?
How long before the BBC One broadcast did The Five Doctors premiere on CITV in Canada?
On what date did the 1983 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors debut?
Who has been airing Doctor Who in Australia since 1965?
What did the ABC provide for the 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors in 1983?
What channel aired repeats of 'Doctor Who' after SF's closure?
What did the ABC do in 2003 for the show's 40th anniversary?
On what channel does the ABC broadcast the modern series of Doctor Who?
In what year did TVOntario pick up "Doctor Who"?
What was the first series of Doctor Who aired on TVOntario?
What Canadian cable channel aired The Three Doctors in 2009?
What episode of Doctor Who was cancelled due to accusations that it was racist?
Who was the science-fiction writer who introduced the show from 1979 to 1981?
Who recorded the video introductions for the Canadian broadcast of Doctor Who?
What was played over the closing credits for the Canadian broadcast?
What was the name of the episode that aired on 26 December 2005?
When did CBC begin airing series two of Doctor Who?
On what holiday was the CFL double header broadcast in most of Canada?
In what countries are Doctor Who serials available on DVD?
How many Doctor Who serials have been released on Laserdisc?
What episode of Doctor Who was released on VCD?
What was the only Doctor Who story released on Blu-ray in July 2013?
What series of Doctor Who are only available on Blu-ray?
Who played the role of Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday?
What was the name of the play in the late 1980s in which Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker played the Doctor?
What was the name of the stage play in the late 1960s without the Doctor?
What was the name of the 1970s play in which Trevor Martin played the Doctor?
Who played the Doctor while Pertwee was ill?
What was the name of the 13-part spin-off series produced by Russell T Davies?
When did Torchwood debut on BBC Three?
In what year did the second series of Torchwood air?
What was the name of the third series of Torchwood?
What was the name of the fourth series of Torchwood?
Who starred in The Sarah Jane Adventures?
When did the full series of The Sarah Jane Adventures begin?
In what year did David Tennant appear as the Tenth Doctor on The Sarah Jane Adventures?
In what year did Matt Smith appear as the Eleventh Doctor?
Why was the final series of The Sarah Jane Adventures uncompleted?
What was the name of the 1993 charity special for Children in Need?
For what charity was Dimensions in Time produced?
What soap opera did Dimensions in Time crossover with?
What did the Pulfrich effect require?
What effect did Dimensions in Time make use of?
What was the name of the 1999 special that was made for Comic Relief?
How many segments did Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death have?
Who played the Doctor in Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death?
Who played the Doctor in the Curse of Fatal Death special?
What was Steven Moffat's role in the revived series?
What is the name of the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode that references Doctor Who?
What are two Family Guy episodes?
What Channel 4 series was created by Russell T. Davies?
What character on Coupling is portrayed as a Doctor Who collector and enthusiast?
What are the names of the young adult fantasy novels that have references to Doctor Who?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who television story?
How long was the abridgement of The Chase?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who audio release?
In what year was State of Decay released?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who radio drama?
Who were the earliest series of Doctor Who audiobooks?
What was the name of the 2013 series of Doctor Who audiobooks?
Who has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD?
When did Big Finish Productions begin releasing Doctor Who audiobooks?
When did Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor begin appearing for Big Finish?
In what year did the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures begin?
When were Doctor Who books first published?
How long has the Doctor Who Magazine been published?
Who publishes the Doctor Who Magazine?
Who publishes Doctor Who novels?
When was the Doctor Who character created?
Who created the Doctor Who character?
Who have expressed distaste for the idea?
Who continues to produce Doctor Who episodes?
In what year did 'Doctor Who' win the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series?
During what years did 'Doctor Who' win five consecutive National Television Awards?
In what year did Matt Smith become the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award?
Who was the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for "Doctor Who"?
What award did Michelle Gomez receive for her work as Missy?
Who listed Doctor Who as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world?
What is the longest-running science fiction television show in the world?
What type of music did the BBC Radiophonic Workshop produce?
In what year was Doctor Who honored with an Institutional Peabody?
What was the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama?
What season of Doctor Who won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial?
What was voted as the "Best Popular Drama" the corporation had ever produced?
In 2000, where was Doctor Who ranked in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century?
What magazine ranked "The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever" in 2005?
In the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows of the 20th century, where was Doctor Who ranked?
What is the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated?
How many BAFTA TV Awards did Doctor Who win?
How many BAFTA Cymru Awards did Doctor Who win?
In what year was Doctor Who voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4?
What award was "Vincent and the Doctor" shortlisted for?
How many times has Doctor Who won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation?
How many awards has Doctor Who been nominated for?
How many awards has Doctor Who won?
Who won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards?
What was the name of the 2010 Doctor Who episode that won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation?
Who spoofed Doctor Who on Saturday Night Live?
Who frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series?
What does Spike Milligan hurl at a Dalek that invades his bathroom?
What has also been lampooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live, The Chaser's War on Everything, Mystery Science Theater 3000, and South Park?
In what series does Jon Culshaw often impersonate the Fourth Doctor?
What type of university is the University of Chicago?
When was the University of Chicago established?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many academic research divisions does the University of Chicago have?
How many students are enrolled in The College at the University of Chicago?
What have University of Chicago scholars played a major role in the development of?
Who helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction?
Where was the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction developed?
What is the largest university press in the United States?
What is the estimated completion date of the Barack Obama Presidential Center?
Who founded the University of Chicago?
Who was the wealthiest man in history when the University of Chicago was founded?
Who was the first president of the University of Chicago?
In what year did William Rainey Harper become president of the University of Chicago?
In what year were the first classes held at the University of Chicago?
Who donated land to the University of Chicago?
Who provided the funds for the first building at the University of Chicago?
What was the name of the first building at the University of Chicago?
How much did Marshall Field pledge to the University of Chicago?
Who was the trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Commons?
Who was the University of Chicago affiliated with in the 1890s?
In what year did the University of Chicago affiliate with Shimer College?
What did Shimer College have to do in order to receive a degree from the University of Chicago?
What happened to the Shimer College program by 1910?
By what year had the Shimer College program passed into history?
Who was the fifth president of the University of Chicago?
What is the undergraduate college's liberal-arts curriculum known as?
Why did Hutchins eliminate varsity football from the university?
How long did Robert Maynard Hutchins serve as president?
In what year did Robert Maynard Hutchins become president of the University of Chicago?
In what decade did student applications decline at the University of Chicago?
Why did student applications decline in the early 1950s?
When did students enrolled at Shimer College transfer automatically to the University of Chicago?
In what neighborhood did the University of Chicago become a major sponsor of a controversial urban renewal project?
What did the early entrant program do?
In what year did students occupy President George Beadle's office?
What did students occupy President George Beadle's office in 1962?
In what year did the Kalven Report come out?
How long was the Kalven Report?
What was the Kalven Report a statement of the university's policy in?
When did the University of Chicago begin a number of multimillion-dollar expansion projects?
What did the University of Chicago announce in 2008?
How much will the Milton Friedman Institute cost?
The Milton Friedman Institute will occupy the buildings of what seminary?
Who donated $300 million to the Booth School of Business?
What are the first buildings of the University of Chicago campus now known as?
How many quadrangles are in the Main Quadrangles?
Who designed the buildings of the Main Quadrangles?
What is Mitchell Tower modeled after?
What is Hutchinson Hall modeled after?
When did the Gothic style on campus begin to give way to modern styles?
Who designed the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle?
What school was the Ludwig Mies van der Rohe building designed for?
What is the home of the building designed by Edward Durrell Stone?
When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center built?
Where does the Booth School of Business have campuses?
On what river is the Center in Paris located?
In what year did the University of Chicago open a center in Beijing?
What university is near the University of Chicago's center in Beijing?
In what year did the University of Chicago open a center in Hong Kong?
Who governs the University of Chicago?
How many members are on the Board of Trustees?
How many Vice Presidents are there at the University of Chicago?
Who is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees?
Who is the President of the University of Chicago?
Who is the University of Chicago accredited by?
How many divisions of graduate research does the University of Chicago have?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many academic majors does the College of the University of Chicago offer?
How many minors does the College of the University of Chicago offer?
How many divisions are there in the College of the University of Chicago?
What division administers interdisciplinary majors and studies which do not fit in one of the other four divisions?
What is the University of Chicago's core curriculum known as?
How many students were in the Core classes at the University of Chicago in 2012-2013?
What type of learning experience does the University of Chicago claim to provide?
Who said that the University of Chicago provides the most rigorous, intense learning experience?
What is a private day school for K-12 students and day care?
What is a residential treatment program for those with behavioral and emotional problems?
How many public charter schools does the University of Chicago operate?
How many public charter schools does the University of Chicago operate?
Where is the Hyde Park Day School located?
How many libraries does the University of Chicago Library system have?
How many volumes does the University of Chicago Library system contain?
What is the name of the main library at the University of Chicago?
When was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library built?
How many volumes does the John Crerar Library contain?
How many research institutes does the University of Chicago operate?
How many research centers does the University of Chicago have on campus?
What is a museum and research center for Near Eastern studies owned and operated by the university?
What is the name of the nearby particle physics laboratory that Chicago has a joint stake in?
Where is the Apache Point Observatory located?
What has the University of Chicago played an important role in in economics?
What was the name of the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction?
What was the name of the chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth?
When was REM sleep discovered at the University of Chicago?
Since what year has the University of Chicago offered a doctorate in music composition?
In what year did the University of Chicago offer a master of arts in the humanities with a creative writing track?
When was Cinema & Media studies added to the UChicago Arts program?
In what year was theater & performance studies added to the UChicago Arts program?
How many undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in the fall quarter of 2014?
How many graduate students did the University of Chicago enroll in the fall quarter of 2014?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in its professional schools in 2014?
How many students attended the University of Chicago in the fall quarter of 2014?
In the 2012 Spring Quarter, who made up almost 19% of the overall study body?
What does UAA stand for?
In what division do the Chicago Maroons compete?
What conference was the University of Chicago a founding member of?
Who was the first winner of the Heisman Trophy?
Why did the University of Chicago withdraw from the Big Ten Conference in 1946?
How many Recognized Student Organizations do students at the University of Chicago run?
What are RSOs?
Which extracurricular group has won 118 tournaments and 15 national championships?
What is the nation's longest continuously running student film society?
What is the name of the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe?
Who is the Student Government made up of?
Who leads the Student Government at the University of Chicago?
How many Vice Presidents are in the University of Chicago Student Government?
What is the annual budget of the University of Chicago Student Government?
How many fraternities and sororities are at the University of Chicago?
How many sororities are at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's co-ed community service fraternity?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's co-ed community service fraternity?
How many fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council?
In what month does the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt take place?
In what year did the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt begin?
What festival has been held at the University of Chicago since 1963?
What is the name of the winter festival held at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the summer carnival and concert held at the University of Chicago?
Who is the current Microsoft CEO?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who is the third richest man in America?
What former Governor of New Jersey is an alumni of Princeton University?
Who was the author of the first management accounting textbook?
Who was the founder of modern community organizing?
Who was the top political advisor to President Bill Clinton?
Who was a former Attorney General and federal judge?
Who was the Governor of the Bank of Japan?
What Prohibition agent is an alumnus of Yale?
Who wrote "The Closing of the American Mind"?
Who is a notable alumni of Stanford University?
Who is the author of Before I Fall?
Who wrote 'The Good War'?
What Pulitzer Prize winning novelist graduated from Stanford University?
Who is a minimalist composer?
Who is the Bungie founder and developer of the Halo video game series?
What is the name of Bungie's video game series?
Who is a Pulitzer Prize winning film critic?
Who was the subject of Life Itself?
Who is a notable astronomer?
Who was a NASA astronaut?
Who is a popular environmentalist?
Who was the lithium-ion battery developer?
Who developed the uranium-lead dating method into lead- lead dating?
Who was a major advisor to Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher?
Who was a Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who is known for his work on portfolio theory, asset pricing and stock market behaviour?
Who are two notable anthropologists who graduated from Yale?
Who is a notable chess grandmaster?
Who was the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council?
Who was the speed of light calculator professor?
Who was the discoverer of the Compton Effect?
Who was the father of the hydrogen bomb?
Who is considered to be one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century?
Who was the second female Nobel laureate?
What is the name of the Egyptologist who has been a faculty member at the University of Washington?
What mathematician has been a faculty member at the University of Washington?
Who is a notable meteorologist?
Who was the Nobel Prize winner of the actinide concept?
What are the names of two cancer researchers that have studied at the University of Washington?
Who is the current governor of India's central bank?
What company did Hank Paulson work for?
Who is a notable Shakespeare scholar?
Which two political scientists are members of the faculty of the Brookings Institution?
Which two paleontologists are currently on the faculty of the University of Washington?
What is the pinyin for the Yuan dynasty?
What was the official name of the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan officially proclaim the Yuan dynasty?
The Yuan dynasty is considered to be a successor to what dynasty?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
Who was Kublai Khan's grandfather?
In what year did Kublai Khan impose the name Great Yuan?
In what section of the I Ching is the sentence "大哉乾元" from?
What is the counterpart of the name Great Yuan in Mongolian?
What does Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus mean?
What was the nominal title of the Yuan emperors?
Who did Genghis Khan unite?
When did Genghis Khan become Great Khan?
Who was Genghis' third son?
In what year did Möngke Khan become Great Khan?
Who did Ögedei offer a position to?
Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against whom?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
Who were the two Han Chinese leaders that defected to the Mongols?
How many troops did each Tumen have?
How many Khitan Tumens did Shimobeidier command?
Who was Shi Tianze's wife?
In what dynasty did Shi Tianze live?
What type of marriage became common in the Jin dynasty?
Who was Shi Tianze's father?
Chagaan and Zhang Rou jointly launched an attack on what dynasty?
Who commenced a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty in southern China?
Where did Möngke Khan begin a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
In what year did Kublai die?
Who was Kublai's brother?
What was Kublai's Chinese era name?
Who was Kaidu's grandfather?
In what direction did the Song dynasty remain an obstacle?
Who did Kublai install as the ruler of Korea?
What border did Kublai secure in 1259?
In what year did Li Tan instigate a revolt against Mongol rule?
What was Kublai's government a compromise between?
What did Kublai leave unchanged?
What was the lowest rank in the Yuan society?
How many classes did Kublai divide Yuan society into?
What traditional monopolies did Kublai maintain?
What was the capital of Mongolia before Khanbaliq?
Where did Kublai move the capital in 1264?
In what year did Kublai move the capital from Karakorum to Khanbaliq?
What was the former Jurchen capital?
What rituals did Kublai follow?
What types of growth did Kublai Khan promote?
What is Pax Mongolica?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal from?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal?
Who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China?
Who did Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou flee south with?
When was the Jin dynasty established?
When did the Jin dynasty end?
Who remained in Qufu as Duke Yansheng?
How many descendants of Confucius live in Quzhou?
Where did Kublai strengthen his government?
When did Kublai siege Xiangyang?
What river did Kublai want to capture?
What was the capital of the Song dynasty?
How did the last Song emperor die?
When did Kublai's government face financial difficulties?
Why did Kublai's second invasion of Japan fail?
Where did the Tran dynasty rule?
At what battle did the Tran dynasty defeat the Mongols?
When was the Battle of Bạch Đằng?
When was the conquest of Dali?
Who did Kublai originally name as the Crown Prince?
When did Zhenjin die?
What was Temür Khan's title?
During what years did Temür Khan rule?
Who was the fourth Yuan emperor?
What was Buyantu Khan the first Yuan emperor to do?
Who mentored Buyantu Khan?
What department did Buyantu Khan liquidate?
In what year were traditional imperial examinations reintroduced for prospective officials?
Who was Ayurbarwada's son and successor?
During what years did Emperor Gegeen Khan rule?
Who was Gegeen Khan's new grand chancellor?
What does Da Yuan Tong Zhi mean?
How many princes were involved in the coup against Gegeen Khan?
Where did Yesün Temür die?
What was the civil war against Ragibagh called?
How long did Kusala die?
Who was the Qipchaq commander who recalled Tugh Temür?
Who won the civil war against Ragibagh?
What is Tugh Temür known for?
What was Tugh Temür's most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning?
When was the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature established?
What was the name of the compendium that the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature compiled?
What did Tugh Temür do?
In what year did Tugh Temür die?
What was Rinchinbal's title?
How old was Toghun Temür when he succeeded Tugh Temür?
How many successors of Kublai Khan did Toghun Temür have?
What dynasties did Toghtogha finish in 1345?
What were the final years of the Yuan dynasty marked by?
Why did Kublai Khan's successors lose all influence on other Mongol lands?
Who were the later Yuan emperors separated from?
What happened to China during the Yuan dynasty?
What were the later Yuan emperors uninterested in?
When did people in the countryside suffer from frequent natural disasters?
What was the name of the uprising that started in 1351?
Why did Toghun Temür dismiss Toghtogha?
Who did Toghtogha crush in 1354?
When was the Míng dynasty?
What promoted trade between East and West?
What produced a fair amount of cultural exchange during the Yuan dynasty?
What was the name of the ally of the Yuan dynasty in Persia?
What Eastern crops were introduced or successfully popularized during the Yuan dynasty?
What type of musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts?
What religions enjoyed a period of toleration?
What religion was persecuted by the Yuan government?
What type of governmental practices and examinations were reinstated by the Yuan court?
What advances were realized in the fields of what?
Who was the most famous traveler of the period?
What was the capital of the Great Khan?
What is Il milione also known as in English?
What is the name of Marco Polo's account of his travels?
How did Marco Polo acquire much of his knowledge?
Who helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar?
How much off was the lunisolar calendar compared to the modern Gregorian calendar?
What did the Yuan do to provide against possible famines?
What city became the terminus of the Grand Canal of China?
What major food crop was introduced to China by the West?
The Yuan dynasty was the first time that who ruled all of China?
What do Mongols worship?
What dynasty is considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Ming dynasty and the Yuan dynasty?
Which dynasty overthrew the Yuan dynasty?
What do some Chinese people consider the Yuan dynasty to be?
What cultures did Kublai Khan's bureaucracy reflect?
Where did the Chinese-style elements of the Yuan bureaucracy come from?
Who were two Chinese advisers to Kublai Khan?
What type of division of authority did the Yuan government adopt?
What were the three divisions of authority in the Yuan government?
Where did the real military authority in Yuan times reside?
When were the Six Ministries introduced?
Who had separate courts of justice?
What was the insignificance of in Yuan times compared with native Chinese dynasties?
When was the Phags-pa script invented?
What languages was the Phags-pa script used for spelling?
How did most of the Emperors speak Chinese?
Who wrote poetry, painted, and ordered the compilation of books?
What was Tugh Temur's title?
By what year were commoners selling their children into slavery?
In what year did Kublai forbade the sale of Mongols abroad?
What was eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty?
What were some of the major arts of the Yuan era?
What three arts came together during the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty is linked to the Yuan dynasty?
What form of poetry was used by most of the famous Yuan poets?
What variety show was one of the key factors in the incorporation of poetry both classical and newer?
What type of khanates did the Yuan dynasty not convert to Islam?
What religion did Kublai Khan favor?
What was the de facto state religion of the Yuan dynasty?
What was the top-level department and government agency known as?
What sect of Tibetan Buddhism was favored by Kublai Khan?
When was Zhu Shijie born?
When did Zhu Shijie die?
Zhu Shijie used a rectangular array of coefficients to solve simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using what?
Advances in what were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era?
When was the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns written?
What did Guo Shoujing do?
What did Gou derive for his astronomical calculations?
What was the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty called?
What is another name for the Shoushi Li?
When was the Calendar for Fixing the Seasons disseminated?
Who were otachi and traditional Mongol shamans?
What did otachi doctors use?
What type of medicine did Mongol shamans use?
What was created to manage medical treatises and the education of new doctors?
Why were Confucian scholars attracted to the medical profession?
How many schools did the Yuan inherit from the Jin dynasty?
How did the Yuan acquire the "Four Great Schools"?
How did the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of the empire?
What Chinese medical techniques were transmitted westward to the Middle East and the rest of the empire?
When did Wei Yilin die?
What was another name for huihui?
Who founded the Office of Western Medicine?
In what year was the Office of Western Medicine founded?
Why did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
What philosophy did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine because it contradicted?
How was Chinese printing technology transferred to the Mongols?
Who wrote Nong Shu?
When was earthenware movable type invented?
Who was the name of Ögedei's wife?
In what year was the Imperial Library Directorate created?
What was the name of the paper money of the Yuan?
What was the chao made from?
In what year did the Yuan switch to bronze plates to print paper money?
What did the Yuan government use to print paper money?
When did the Il-khanate government issue paper money?
What did Kublai Khan compromise on?
What did Kublai Khan compromise on?
Who were the Semuren?
What color did the Yuan regime have?
Where did Persians reach the highest post in the government?
Who did the Mongols import to serve as administrators in China?
Who did the Mongols send to serve as administrators in Bukhara?
Where were the Han Chinese moved to?
What did the Han Chinese work as in Central Asia?
Who was the Governor of Samarqand?
What did the Yuan Emperors do to Muslims?
What did the Yuan Emperors make Jews eat the Mongol way?
Who was the founder of the Ming dynasty?
What could a Chinese surname mean?
Who revolted against the Yuan dynasty in the Ispah Rebellion?
Who wrote that the term "social classes" for this system was misleading?
What did Frederick W. Mote say the four-class system entailed?
What type of Chinese were in the four-class system?
How were Mongol and Semu treated?
What class of Chinese were ranked higher?
What class of Chinese were ranked lower because they fought to the last?
Why were the Northern Chinese ranked higher and Southern Chinese ranked lower?
What was the reason for the order of classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class?
Who did major commerce during this era give favorable conditions for?
Who surrendered to the Mongols first?
Who was the Uighur King of Qocho ranked higher than?
Who objected when the Mongols placed the Uighurs over the Koreans at the court?
What happened to the Uighurs when they surrendered to the Mongols?
What was considered the most important region of the dynasty?
Who governed the Central Region?
Where was the Central Secretariat located?
In what modern city is Khanbaliq located?
What is another name for the Central Secretariat?
Where is Kenya located?
What organization is Kenya a founding member of?
What is the capital of Kenya?
What country borders Kenya to the south?
What was the population of Kenya in July 2014?
What type of climate does Kenya have?
What is the climate like in the savannah grasslands around Nairobi?
What mountain in Kenya has snow permanently on its peaks?
What countries border Kenya on the north-eastern regions?
What is Kenya known for?
When did humans first inhabit the African Great Lakes region?
When did the Bantu expansion reach the area?
What populations make up 97% of the population of Kenya?
When did European exploration of the interior of Kenya begin?
When did Kenya obtain independence?
What is the Republic of Kenya named after?
What Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words mean "God's resting place"?
What does Kiinyaa mean in Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba?
What did Ludwig Krapf record the name of Kenya as?
What is the correct pronunciation of the word Kenya?
Who drew an 1882 map that indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia?
In what year was Mt. Kenya named Mt. Kenia?
What is the name of the game animals of Africa?
What are the "Big Five" game animals of Africa?
Where can the "Big Five" game animals be found in Kenya?
When does the annual animal migration occur?
How far do the wildebeest migrate from the Serengeti to Masai Mara?
How long ago did primates roamed the area of Kenya?
When did Homo erectus and Homo habilis live in Kenya?
Who discovered the Turkana Boy?
How old was the Turkana Boy?
Who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill?
Who built Mombasa into a major port city?
What city did the Swahili build into a major port city?
Who claimed that Mombasa is a place of great traffic and has a good harbour?
What coast has played host to many merchants and explorers throughout the centuries?
What is one of the cities that line the Kenyan coast?
When did Malindi become an important Swahili settlement?
When did World War I begin?
Who agreed to a truce at the start of World War I?
Who took command of the German military forces?
How did Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck conduct his guerrilla warfare campaign?
Where did von Lettow-Vorbeck surrender?
Where were over a million members of the Kikuyu people living?
How did the Kikuyu people live?
What did the settlers do to protect their interests?
How many white settlers lived in Kenya in the 1950s?
When was Warũhiũ Itote captured?
What did the capture of Warũhiũ Itote do?
When did Operation Anvil open?
How many Mau Mau were killed by the end of Operation Anvil?
What was the Swynnerton Plan?
When did the first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council take place?
Who formed a government in 1957?
When did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya come to an end?
In what year did Kenya become an independent country?
What was the name of Kenya when it became a republic?
What was the mlolongo system?
What did the mlolongo system lead to?
Who won re-election in 1992 and 1997?
What type of republic is Kenya?
What is the title of the President of Kenya?
How is executive power exercised in Kenya?
Who has legislative power in Kenya?
Who is independent of the executive and legislature in Kenya?
Where does Kenya rank on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index?
What does Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index attempt to do?
Where did Kenya rank in the CPI in 2012?
What is the name of the EACC?
What political party did Kibaki belong to?
What was the name of the main opposition party?
What happened as the ECK continued to count the votes?
Who declared himself the "people's president"?
What did the government and civil society organisations start after the election riots?
Who initiated community dialogues?
What church started peace meetings in Kenya?
What was the name of the process that was started after the election riots?
When did Kibaki and Odinga sign an agreement on the formation of a coalition government?
What position did Odinga become Kenya's second?
Who would the president appoint cabinet ministers from?
How many cabinet ministers would Kibaki appoint?
How long would the coalition hold?
What is the new office of the PM?
Who brought together the former rivals to the signing ceremony?
Where did the signing ceremony take place?
When did representatives of PNU and ODM begin working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement?
What did the grand coalition mean?
What was a constitutional change considered that would do?
When was the new constitution promulgated?
What did the new constitution do?
When was the new constitution promulgated?
The new constitution heralding what came into force on August 27, 2010?
When did Uhuru Kenyatta sign the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Why did supporters of the Security Laws Amendment Bill believe it was necessary?
Who criticized the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What did opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries criticize the security bill?
Which Western countries issued a press statement cautioning about the potential impact of the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What did Obama choose not to visit Kenya in 2013?
Who was the first American president to visit Kenya while in office?
What country did Kenyatta visit in the summer of 2013?
When did Obama visit Kenya?
Where are the armed forces regularly deployed?
What happened after the national elections of December 2007?
What have there been serious allegations of?
Who has been tainted by corruption allegations?
Why has corruption been less in public view and thus less subject to public scrutiny?
In 2010, what unprecedented revelations were made about the Kenyan armed forces?
What has been publicly questioned?
What is Kenya's Human Development Index?
What is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa?
How much did 17.7% of Kenyans live on in 2005?
What is Kenya usually classified as?
What has boosted the service sector in East and Central Africa?
What is an important catalyst of economic growth in under-developed economies?
What is the smallest sector of the economy?
How much of the economy does the agricultural sector employ?
How much of Kenya's GDP is derived from the services sector?
What is Kenya's largest foreign exchange earning sector?
What has the tourism sector exhibited in most years since independence?
What are tourists from Germany and the United Kingdom attracted to in Kenya?
What countries are the largest number of tourists to Kenya?
How much of Kenya's GDP did agriculture account for in 2005?
What are the principal cash crops in Kenya?
What is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product?
Why is the production of major food staples like corn subject to sharp fluctuations?
What consortium has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties?
Why can pigeon pea be grown in areas with less than 650 mm annual rainfall?
How did ICRISAT encourage the commercialization of legumes?
How did ICRISAT's work help increase local producer prices?
What is the commercialization of the pigeon pea doing?
Where are tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat grown in Kenya?
What are grown in the fertile highlands?
Where does livestock predominate in Kenya?
What percentage of the population lives below the poverty line?
What is the name of the initiative by the Red Cross?
What is the most industrially developed country in the African Great Lakes region?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP is made up of manufacturing?
What are the three largest urban centers in Kenya?
What does Jua Kali do?
What has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years?
When did AGOA take effect?
Where does the largest share of Kenya's electricity supply come from?
What are the largest hydroelectric stations in Kenya?
When was the Kenya Electricity Generating Company established?
Where does Kenya have proven deposits of oil?
What is Tullow Oil's estimate of Kenya's oil reserves?
What is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves in Kenya?
How much of Kenya's import bill does petroleum account for?
What was the amount of Chinese investment in Kenya in 2012?
What does China's investment in Kenya represent?
What did President Kenyatta hope to gain during his 2013 trip to Beijing?
Who shipped its first major consignment of minerals to China?
What has China been causing in Kenya?
What was the name of the economic development program the Kenyan government unveiled in 2007?
What is Vision 2030?
What did the Kenyan government launch in 2013?
Why did the Kenyan government launch a National Climate Change Action Plan?
What did the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030 emphasise at the launch of the National Climate Change Action Plan?
Where are most working children in Kenya active?
What percentage of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi and Diani were subject to prostitution?
What are the ages of most prostitutes in Kenya?
What are the causes of child labour in Kenya?
What do Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak?
What are the two official languages of Kenya?
Where is English widely spoken in Kenya?
Where is British English primarily used in Kenya?
What is the most popular religion among Kenyans?
What religion do 47.7% of Kenyans consider themselves?
How many followers does the Presbyterian Church of East Africa have in Kenya?
Where is the only Jewish synagogue in Kenya?
What is the percentage of nonreligious people in Kenya?
What percentage of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region?
What is the religion of the Western areas of the Coast Region?
How many Hindus live in Kenya?
Who treat 80% of the population who visit dispensaries, health centres and private clinics?
Who are complicated cases referred to?
How many qualified nurses were in Kenya in 2011?
How many doctors were in Kenya in 2011?
What directly correlates with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution?
What percentage of Kenyans live below the poverty level?
What are the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity?
What are the main causes of morbidity in Kenya?
How many cases of malaria did Kenya have in 2006?
Who introduced Kenya's first system of education?
When was Kenya's independence?
What authority was formed to introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty?
What did the Ominde Commission focus on?
What system of education did Kenya adopt between 1964 and 1985?
What was the Presidential Working Party on the Second University commissioned to do?
What system did the Presidential Working Party on the Second University recommend?
What system did the Presidential Working Party on the Second University recommend?
When did the last batch of students from the 7-4-2-3 system graduate from Kenyan Universities?
When was the current 8-4-4 system launched?
What subjects did the 8-4-4 system put more emphasis on?
Why was the 8-4-4 system introduced?
When did the Government of Kenya announce the introduction of free primary education?
How much did primary school enrolment increase as a result of the introduction of free primary education?
At what age does basic formal education start?
How many years does basic formal education last?
What are two options for primary school students?
What are the options for high school graduates?
What is Kenya's literacy level?
What age range does Preschool target?
What is a key requirement for admission to Standard One?
What does the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education determine?
What is the name of the national examination at the end of Form Four?
Who is the body mandated to establish, equip, manage and maintain national and public libraries in the country?
What is the KNLS mandated to do?
What is a public library seen as in Kenya?
Why is a public library seen as a peoples university?
What are some sports that Kenya is active in?
What is Kenya known for?
Who continues to dominate the world of distance running?
What countries have reduced Kenya's dominance in distance running?
How many gold medals did Kenya win in the 2008 Olympics?
What was Kenya's ranking in the 2008 Olympics?
What prize did Pamela Jelimo win?
What has caused controversy in Kenyan athletics circles?
Why do most of these defections occur?
What sport has Kenya been a dominant force in?
What is the most popular team sport in Kenya?
In what year did Kenya reach the semi-finals of the Cricket World Cup?
Who is the current captain of the Kenya cricket team?
When was the suspension by FIFA lifted?
What is one of the toughest rallies in the world?
What is the Safari Rally commonly acknowledged as?
Who are some of the best rally drivers in the world?
How many meals do Kenyans generally have?
What is the name of the tea that Kenyan's have in between their three meals?
What is the typical Kenyan breakfast?
What is generally eaten by much of the population for lunch or supper?
Who runs the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?
What two United Nations organizations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?
What does the UNFCCC aim to stabilize?
What is the main international treaty on climate change?
What was the name of the resolution that endorsed the IPCC?
Who is the current chair of the IPCC?
What nationality is Hoesung Lee?
Who was the IPCC's vice-Chair before Hoesung Lee?
Who was the chair of the IPCC in 1988?
When did Rajendra K. Pachauri resign?
Who is the IPCC Panel composed of?
How many government officials and climate change experts attended the 2003 meeting?
Who attended the 2003 meeting?
How many of the attendees at the 2003 meeting were from governmental organizations?
When was the IPCC Trust Fund established?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What does UNEP stand for?
What is the IPCC required to comply with?
What does the WMO stand for?
What does the IPCC not do?
What do the lead authors of IPCC reports assess?
What is the "grey literature"?
What are examples of non-peer-reviewed sources?
How many "coordinating lead authors" does a chapter typically have?
How many lead authors are there in a chapter?
How many "contributing authors" are there in a chapter?
Who is responsible for assembling the contributions of the other authors?
Who do the coordinating lead authors report to?
What do the WG I Summary for Policymakers report say emissions resulting from human activities are doing to the greenhouse gases?
What does the WG I Summary for Policymakers report say emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases?
How much of the enhanced greenhouse effect does the WG I Summary for Policymakers say CO2 has been responsible for?
Under what scenario does the WG I Summary for Policymakers report predict that global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the 21st century?
How much has the global mean surface air temperature increased over the last 100 years?
In what year did 16 national science academies issue a joint statement on climate change?
Who issued a joint statement on climate change in 2001?
In what journal was the joint statement published?
What percentage of scientists support the TAR's conclusion that temperatures will continue to rise?
What is the average global surface temperature projected to increase by by 2100?
Who has made a number of criticisms of the TAR?
What did Lindzen say about the WGI Summary for Policymakers?
Who was a co-chair of TAR WGI?
Who was John Houghton?
What must any changes to the SPM be supported by?
How does the preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follow?
In what year were the Special Reports on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
In what year were the Special Reports on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
Who requested the Special Reports on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation?
What other activities does the IPCC support?
What are factors used to derive emissions estimates based on levels of fuel consumption, industrial production and so on?
What are default emission factors used to derive emissions estimates based on?
The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by what two groups?
What has the IPCC since acknowledged is incorrect?
What did the IPCC express regret for?
The date of 2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC from what report?
What ICSI report did the WWF report misquote?
What position did Robert Watson hold?
What did former IPCC chairman Robert Watson say the mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of?
What position did Martin Parry hold in the IPCC?
What did Martin Parry say was a single unfortunate error over?
What did the IPCC say about the other alleged mistakes?
In what year was the "hockey stick graph" paper published?
Who wrote the "hockey stick graph"?
What has the MBH99 graph been referred to as?
Who supported the MBH99 finding?
When were these studies presented as demonstrating that the current warming period is exceptional in comparison to temperatures?
Who argued against the graph at a hearing in 2000?
Where did Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project hold a press event?
On what date was a hearing held on the "hockey stick graph"?
At what hearing did Wibjörn Karlén and Singer argue against the graph?
Who was the chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce?
Who was the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations?
On what date did Rep. Joe Barton write a joint letter with Ed Whitfield demanding full records on climate research?
Who was the chairman of the House Science Committee?
Who was the chairman of the House Science Committee?
In what year was the Third Assessment Report published?
In what year was the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report published?
How many of the 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
What problem was discussed in the section of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report?
How many reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
When was a study published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report?
What did a study published on 1 February 2007 suggest?
What was the actual temperature rise over the six years studied?
What was the actual sea level rise compared to the IPCC projection?
What is an example of scientific research that suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC have actually understated them?
What was the projected rise in sea levels in the IPCC's Third Assessment Report?
What is the projected rise in sea levels in 2100?
In what year was the IPCC's Third Assessment Report published?
What was Michael Oppenheimer's role in the Fifth Assessment Report?
In what magazine did Michael Oppenheimer concede some limitations of the IPCC consensus approach?
What did Michael Oppenheimer ask for?
What was the Ozone depletion global regulation based on?
What issue did the Kyoto Protocol fail?
Who still follow different, if not opposing goals?
Who said the actors in the ozone depletion case had better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainties?
What remains an unsolved problem after the failure of the Kyoto Protocol?
The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge was based as well on successfully reducing what?
Who ordered the Stern Review?
The IPCC operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from whom?
What can not be included in an IPCC report?
Who is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science?
How many climate scientists wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC?
In what journal did the five climate scientists write in response to claims in the Fourth Assessment Report?
What did the five scientists suggest?
What did the five scientists want to do to avoid political interference?
What is the main function of chloroplasts?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What is the process in which chloroplasts make organic molecules from carbon dioxide called?
What is the number of chloroplasts per cell in algae?
How do chloroplasts reproduce?
Chloroplasts are strongly influenced by what?
How do chloroplasts differ from mitochondria?
What is the ancestor of chloroplasts?
How can chloroplasts be made by a plant cell?
Where are chloroplasts only found?
What nationality is Konstantin Mereschkowski?
What was Konstantin Mereschkowski's profession?
In what year did Konstantin Mereschkowski first suggest the origin of chloroplasts?
Who observed in 1883 that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria?
What are considered the ancestors of chloroplasts?
What type of bacteria are cyanobacteria?
What is a gram-negative bacteria?
What type of cell wall do cyanobacteria have?
What are cyanobacteria sometimes called?
What type of cell did a free-living cyanobacterium enter?
When did a free-living cyanobacterium enter an early eukaryotic cell?
What are the membranes that surround all chloroplasts?
What membrane from the host was probably lost?
What happened to the cyanobacterium after it was assimilated?
What does "plastid" mean?
How many chloroplast lineages are there?
What is another name for the rhodophyte?
Which chloroplast lineage contains the land plants?
Which chloroplast lineage contains land plants?
What is the smallest of the three primary chloroplast lineages?
What is Cyanophora?
What are muroplasts also known as?
What icosahedral structure do glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in?
What type of structure does a carboxysome have?
What photosynthetic pigments do Rhodoplasts have?
What are phycobilin pigments organized into on the thylakoid membranes?
What pigment is responsible for giving many red algae their distinctive red color?
What does the red phycoerytherin pigment help red algae do?
What is floridean?
What do glaucophyte and red algal chloroplasts lose?
Why are some green chloroplasts not green?
What have chloroplastidan chloroplasts lost between their double membrane?
Some plants seem to have kept the genes for the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer, though they've been repurposed for use in what?
What do green chloroplasts contain instead of phycobilisomes?
How many membranes do primary chloroplasts have?
What do secondary chloroplasts have?
What is a secondary endosymbiotic event?
Along with the two cyanobacterial membranes, what other membranes are present in a chloroplast?
What was the engulfed alga broken down into?
What do euglenophytes contain?
What type of protists are Euglenophytes?
How are thylakoids stacked in euglenophyte chloroplasts?
What is stored in the form of paramylon?
What is thought to have been lost in Euglenophytes?
What is another name for cryptophytes?
What do cryptophytes contain?
What do cryptophyte chloroplasts contain that superficially resembles that of chlorarachniophytes?
How is starch stored in cryptophytes?
How many stacks of pyrenoid and thylakoids are in a cryptophyte chloroplasts?
Apicomplexans are parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast like what?
Apicomplexans are another group of what?
What is Plasmodium?
What do many apicomplexans keep?
How do apicomplexans store their energy?
What do apicoplasts synthesize?
What is the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to cure?
What is the most important apicoplast function?
What do apicoplasts lack?
Apicoplasts are bounded by how many membranes?
What pigment is not found in any other group of chloroplasts?
What is the most common dinophyte chloroplast?
What type of thylakoids do peridinin-type chloroplasts have?
What has the peridinin chloroplast lost?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast and replaced it with a new one derived from a haptophyte endosymbiont?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast and replaced it with a new one derived from a haptophyte endosymbiont?
How many membranes does the haptophyte chloroplast have?
What would tertiary endosymbiosis create?
Members of the genus Dinophysis have a phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from what?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What do members of the genus Dinophysis have taken from a cryptophyte?
What is left after the chloroplast is stripped of its nucleomorph and outermost two membranes?
What is another term for a diatom?
What do Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have?
How many membranes are in a diatom endosymbiont?
What do you count as the chloroplast?
Where is starch found in a diatom endosymbiont?
Where have the nucleomorph genes been transferred to?
What is the only dinophyte that has a chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage?
What did Lepidodinium viride lose?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace their original peridinin chloroplast with?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace their original peridinin chloroplast with?
Most chloroplasts originate from what?
What did Paulinella chromatophora do?
How many base pairs long is chromatophore DNA?
How many protein encoding genes does chromatophore DNA contain?
How many base pairs is the Synechococcus genome?
Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as what?
What is another name for cpDNA?
When was the existence of the plastome first proved?
In what year was chloroplast DNA first sequenced?
Who sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco?
What are highly conserved among land plants?
Some chloroplast DNAs have lost or flipped the inverted repeats, making them what?
What is it possible that the inverted repeats help do?
How have scientists attempted to observe chloroplast replication since the 1970s?
How many main models have been proposed for the replication of chloroplast DNA?
What form does the D-loop adopt as it moves through the circular DNA?
What is another name for theta intermediary form?
How does the Cairns replication intermediate complete replication?
In cpDNA, there are several gradients of what?
When does DNA become susceptible to deamination events?
What type of structure does a second theory suggest most cpDNA is?
Most cpDNA is linear and replicates through what?
Where is the majority of genetic material kept in cpDNA?
What bacteriophage has homologous recombination and replication structures similar to most cpDNA?
What type of cpDNA does one of competing model for cpDNA replication assert that most cpDNA is?
The predominant theory continues to hold that most cpDNA is what type of DNA?
How does most cpDNA most likely replicates?
What is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages?
What do the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus provide evidence for?
What do diatoms now have?
What does the presence of many green algal genes in the diatom nucleus provide evidence of?
What did most chloroplast genes become?
How many of the protein products of transferred genes aren't targeted back to the chloroplast?
What new functions did exaptations take on?
To reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross what?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized on a ribosome?
What does phosphorylation do?
What does phosphorylation help many proteins bind the polypeptide?
What shape are chloroplasts in land plants?
How large are chloroplasts in land plants?
How thick are chloroplasts in land plants?
Oedogonium is an example of a chloroplast shaped like what?
What is the shape of Chlorella's chloroplast?
What is often cited as evidence that chloroplasts are descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria?
What is the outer chloroplast membrane often interpreted as?
How are the outer and inner chloroplast membranes compared to cyanobacterium's original double membranes?
What is the chloroplast double membrane often compared to?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used to do?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used to do?
What is the only chloroplast structure that can be considered analogous to the mitochondrial double membrane?
What has no counterpart in the mitochondrion?
What are very rare in chloroplasts?
What is a stromule?
Why might stromules exist?
When were stromules first observed?
Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum often found?
Where can the chloroplast peripheral reticulum be found?
What is a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles continuous with the inner chloroplast membrane?
What is the purpose of the chloroplast peripheral reticulum?
The small vesicles sometimes observed may serve as transport vesicle to shuttle stuff between what?
What do chloroplasts use ribosomes for?
What is the size of chloroplast ribosomes?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What is considered essential for translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes?
What is shine-dalgarno sequence recognition?
What is another name for plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli made of?
How large are plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli surrounded by?
How are plastoglobuli permanently attached?
A configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with what allows it to be permanently attached?
How do the majority of plastoglobuli occur in normal green chloroplasts?
When do plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains?
What contain structures called pyrenoids?
What shape are pyrenoids?
What type of bodies are pyrenoids?
What can accumulate around pyrenoids when CO2 is scarce?
What can pyrenoids do?
In what model do grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids?
In the helical thylakoid model, grana consist of a stack of what?
How many thylakoids can each granum contain?
How many thylakoids are most common in grana?
What are the frets or lamellar thylakoids called?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb and use it to energize electrons?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb and use it to energize electrons?
What do photosystem II and photosystem I absorb light energy and use it to do?
Molecules in the thylakoid membrane use the energized electrons to do what?
What is an example of an ATP synthase?
How many types of thylakoids are there?
How are granal thylakoids arranged?
What do stromal thylakoids do?
What are granal thylakoids?
How large are granal thylakoids?
How many photosynthetic carotenoids are there?
What do carotenoids do?
What do carotenoids sometimes override?
What is β-carotene?
What is an example of a carotenoid that is common in xanthophylls?
What are phycobilins?
What color are glaucophyte chloroplasts?
Phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes many what color?
What do phycobilins often organize into?
How large are phycobilisomes?
What does chloroplasts use to fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules in the process of photosynthesis?
Why does rubisco have a problem?
Why does rubisco have a problem?
What cycle uses rubisco?
What is wasted when rubisco accidentally adds oxygen to sugar precursors?
In mesophyll cells, chloroplasts are specialized for what?
In mesophyll cells, chloroplasts lack what?
What do mesophyll cells have to make ATP and NADPH?
Where do C4 mesophyll cells store CO2?
What is the job of bundle sheath chloroplasts?
What parts of a plant contain chloroplasts?
What makes the green parts of a plant green?
What are the plant cells which contain chloroplasts called?
Where can chloroplasts be found in a plant?
What is a chlorenchyma cell?
Where are chloroplasts found in cacti?
Where are chloroplasts found in most plants?
How many cells do stomatal guard cells contain?
How many chloroplasts can one square millimeter of leaf tissue contain?
Where are chloroplasts mainly found in a leaf?
When do chloroplasts spread out in a sheet?
When do chloroplasts seek shelter?
What does the orientation of chloroplasts protect them from?
What may be the reason why land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts?
What has been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move?
How many main immune responses do plants have?
What is the hypersensitive response?
What is systemic acquired resistance?
How do chloroplasts stimulate both immune responses?
What does chloroplasts produce?
What molecules do chloroplasts produce after detecting stress in a cell?
When do chloroplasts produce molecules like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species?
How do reactive oxygen species leave the chloroplast?
What is retrograde signaling?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What does photosynthesis produce?
What are used in photosynthesis?
What is made in photosynthesis?
What do chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to do?
Where do the molecules between the photosystems pump hydrogen ions?
How many hydrogen ions are in the thylakoid system than in the stroma?
What does ATP synthase use the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to create?
What does ATP stand for?
What takes the reenergized electrons?
What is it called when electrons are recycled?
Where is cyclic photophosphorylation common?
What do C4 plants need?
What starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules?
What is the result of the Calvin cycle?
What do the unstable six-carbon molecules break down into?
How many of the G3P molecules produced in the Calvin cycle leave the cycle?
How can glucose monomers in the chloroplast be linked together?
When do starch grains grow very large, distorting grana and thylakoids?
What happens to the grana and thylakoids when starch grains grow large?
What can cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts?
What might be a side effect of low photosynthesis rates?
What can Rubisco do when the oxygen concentration is too high?
When can photorespiration occur?
How does Rubisco reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis?
How much carbon can Rubisco waste?
What are chloroplasts in C4 plants notable for?
Where do chloroplasts make most of a plant's amino acids?
What are the sulfur-containing amino acids in chloroplasts?
Why is cysteine synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria?
What is unclear about the last leg of the pathway to methionine?
What are a special type of a plant cell organelle called?
All chloroplasts in a plant are descended from what?
Where are proplastids commonly found?
How do chloroplasts develop from proplastids in root tip meristems?
What happens if angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation?
What is an etioplast?
What is the inner membrane of an etioplast?
What do etioplasts have?
Which plants do not require light to form chloroplasts?
Starch storing amyloplasts can also be converted to what?
What are chromoplasts?
Starch storing amyloplasts can also be converted to what?
Starch storing amyloplasts can also be converted to what?
What can turn back into proplastids?
What do the proteins FtsZ1 andFtsZ2 assemble into?
What is involved in the division of the chloroplast?
What does ARC6 form within the chloroplast's stroma?
Where does the Z-ring form?
What system manages the placement of the Z-ring?
What are PD rings?
How many plastid-dividing rings form?
How long are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
How many nanometers apart are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
What is located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space?
What has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division?
What type of light can stimulate chloroplasts to divide?
 Spinach leaves grown under green light have been observed to contain many what type of chloroplasts?
Under what light can chloroplasts grow and progress through some of the constriction stages?
Why are chloroplasts not inherited from the male parent?
Plastid transformation is a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants that are biologically contained, thus posing significantly lower what?
What is the failed containment rate of transplastomic plants?
What type of plants have a failed containment rate of 3 in 1,000,000?
A prime number has no positive divisors other than 1 and what?
A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called what?
What establishes the central role of primes in number theory?
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic establishes that any integer greater than 1 can be expressed as what?
Why does the fundamental theorem of arithmetic require excluding 1 as a prime?
What is the property of being prime called?
What is a simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number n?
Which algorithm is fast but has a small probability of error?
What is the name of the test that always produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical?
What is the largest known prime number?
How many primes are there?
Who demonstrated that there are infinitely many primes?
What can be modelled of primes in the large?
What was proven at the end of the 19th century?
When was the prime number theorem proven?
What conjecture states that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes?
What conjecture states that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2?
What aspect of numbers does number theory focus on?
What is an example of a routine in information technology that uses primes?
Along with prime elements, what is an example of a generalization of prime numbers?
What is the term odd prime refers to any prime number greater than?
What are the three distinct divisors of n?
What term refers to any prime number greater than 2?
All prime numbers larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or what other number?
What are multiples of 2?
What was the first prime number in the Middle Ages and Renaissance?
Who listed 1 as the first prime number in the mid-18th century?
Who did Christian Goldbach have a correspondence with in the mid-18th century?
What was Derrick Norman Lehmer's list of primes up to?
By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number, but rather forms what?
What theorem would not hold as stated if 1 was considered a prime?
When would the sieve of Eratosthenes not work correctly?
The relationship of the number 1 to its corresponding value of what is a prime number?
What is an example of a property of prime numbers that the number 1 lacks?
A modified version of the sieve of Eratosthenes would produce what as output?
Where are the Egyptian fraction expansions found?
Who are the earliest surviving records of the explicit study of prime numbers?
What is the name of the book that contains important theorems about primes?
Who showed how to construct a perfect number from a Mersenne prime?
The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple method to do what?
When did Pierre de Fermat state Fermat's little theorem?
Who discovered that the very next Fermat number 232 + 1 is composite?
What number did Fermat conjectured to be prime?
What did Marin Mersenne look at?
How far did Fermat verify that all numbers of the form 22n + 1 are prime?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n?
How can this routine be implemented more efficiently?
The trial division consists of dividing n by each integer m that is what?
How many divisions are necessary to check the primality of 37?
What does the trial division consist of dividing n by each integer m?
Modern primality tests for general numbers n can be divided into how many classes?
What are the two main classes of primality tests for general numbers n?
What type of algorithms provide a way to tell for sure whether a given number is prime or not?
What type of algorithms provide a way to tell for sure whether a given number is prime or not?
If we repeat the test n times and pass every time, what is the probability that our number is composite?
What is a simple example of a probabilistic test?
What does the Fermat primality test rely on?
What are some numbers that satisfy the Fermat identity even though they are not prime?
What is an example of a more powerful extension of the Fermat primality test?
Along with the Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Fermat primality test, what test is guaranteed to fail at least some of the time when applied to a composite number?
What are Sophie Germain primes?
Mersenne primes are prime numbers of the form what?
What test is particularly fast for numbers of the form 2p − 1?
What are primes of the form 2p + 1 with p prime called?
Along with primorial primes and Mersenne primes, what is an example of a prime with a particular shape?
Some of the largest known primes have been found using what?
When was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded a US$100,000 prize?
How much did the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project win in 2009?
Who offers $150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits and 1 billion digits?
What interval are possible primes within?
What does the largest integer not greater than the number in question represent?
Who first proved Bertrand's postulate?
Bertrand's postulate states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n − 2, for what natural number?
Bertrand's postulate states that there always exists at least one prime number p with what number?
What is another formula based on that generates the number 2 many times?
What is the necessary condition for a and q to have infinitely many primes?
What asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes?
What is the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9?
How many prime numbers do the rows starting with a = 3, 6, or 9 contain?
What does Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions assert that the progression contains?
What is closely related to prime numbers?
What would ζ(1) have if there were only finitely many primes?
What happens to the harmonic series when it exceeds any given number?
What happens when the harmonic series diverges?
What is the Basel problem?
When did the Riemann hypothesis date from?
What zeroes of the ζ-function have real part equal to 1/2?
The Riemann hypothesis states that irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from what?
What distribution of primes does the Riemann hypothesis say holds for shorter intervals of length?
What distribution of primes does the Riemann hypothesis say holds for shorter intervals of length?
What conjecture asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes?
In what year were all four of Landau's problems unsolved?
As of February 2011, Goldbach's conjecture has been verified for what?
What theorem states that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes?
What says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime, the product of two primes?
What is it conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2?
What are twin primes?
What conjecture states that for every positive integer n, there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes?
Polignac's conjecture states that there are infinitely many primes of what form?
What conjecture states that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2?
What was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics?
Which British mathematician prided themselves on doing work that had absolutely no military significance?
When was it announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms?
Along with pseudorandom number generators, what are prime numbers used for?
Along with hash tables, what are prime numbers used for?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, what is 1/p?
What is the period of a recurring decimal if p is a prime number?
Wilson's theorem says that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if what factorial is divisible by p?
An integer n > 4 is composite if and only if what is divisible by n?
The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in base q (rather than base 10) has similar effect, provided that what happens?
What public-key cryptography algorithm relies on the assumption that it is much easier to perform the multiplication of two (large) numbers x and y than to calculate x andY if only the product xy is known?
Along with RSA, what public-key cryptography algorithm is based on large prime numbers?
What type of primes are frequently used for RSA?
The Diffie-Hellman key exchange relies on the fact that there are efficient algorithms for what?
What type of primes are typical for Diffie-Hellman?
What insects make use of prime numbers?
How do cicadas spend most of their lives?
How long do cicadas spend in their burrows?
What is the logic for the prime number intervals between emergences?
How much higher would predator populations be during outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas?
What does the word "prime" indicate?
What is the prime field of a field containing both 0 and 1?
How can any knot be uniquely expressed?
What is the second meaning of the word prime?
In knot theory, a prime knot is indecomposable in the sense of what?
What is an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined?
What is an element p of R called if it is neither zero nor a unit?
The set of prime elements equals the set of what in the ring Z of integers?
What is a prime element?
What is an irreducible element?
What continues to hold in unique factorization domains?
What is an example of a factorization domain?
The Gaussian integers Z[i] are the set of complex numbers of the form what?
What are a and b in the Gaussian integers?
What is an example of a rational prime in Z?
Where is the notion of number replaced with that of ideal?
What generalize prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal?
Along with commutative algebra, algebraic geometry and ring theory, what theory uses prime ideals?
What generalizes to the Lasker-Noether theorem?
The Lasker-Noether theorem expresses every ideal in what?
What are the points of algebro-geometric objects?
Factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field bears some resemblance with what?
Where can prime ideals be used in proving quadratic reciprocity?
What does quadratic reciprocity concern?
What happens to the p-adic norm when a number is multiplied by p?
Where can arithmetic questions related to Q be transferred back and forth to?
What norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p?
What principle underlines the importance of primes to number theory?
Who used prime numbers to create ametrical music through natural phenomena?
What was the name of Messiaen's 1935 work?
What was the name of Messiaen's 1949-50 work?
In which of Olivier Messiaen's works do the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear?
What did Messiaen say he was inspired by?
In what canton does the Rhine begin?
The Rhine empties into what body of water in the Netherlands?
What is the biggest city on the river Rhine?
What is the second longest river in Central and Western Europe?
How long is the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine located?
In what country does the Rhine empties into the North Sea?
How long is the Rhine?
What is the name of the Rhine derived from?
What is the modern German name for the Gaulish name Rēnos?
What was the Gaulish name for the Rhine?
When was the Gaulish name Rēnos adapted in Roman-era geography?
What is the name of the Rhine derived from?
What is the modern German name for the Gaulish name Rēnos?
What is the Dutch name for the Rhine?
What was the Gaulish name for the Rhine?
What was the Dutch name for the Rhine previously spelled?
What is the length of the Rhine conventionally measured in?
When was the Rheinkilometer introduced?
What is the starting point of the Rheinkilometer?
Where is the longest length of the Rhine?
What caused the length of the Rhine to be shortened?
What is the length of the Rhine conventionally measured in?
When was the Rheinkilometer introduced?
What is the starting point of the Rheinkilometer?
What caused the length of the Rhine to be shortened?
Where is the longest length of the Rhine?
What direction does the Alpine Rhine turn to near Chur?
How long is the section of the Alpine Rhine near Chur?
The Alpine Rhine flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as what?
Where is a natural dam that prevents the Rhine from flowing into the Seeztal valley?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein and later what country to the East?
Where does the Alpine Rhine make a distinctive turn to the north?
How long is the section of the Alpine Rhine that turns to the north near Chur?
What is the height of the Alpine Rhine?
The Alpine Rhine flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as what?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Liechtenstein and what other country?
The mouth of the Rhine into what lake forms an inland delta?
What is the name of the delta delimited in the West by?
What section of the delta is delimited in the East by?
In the local Alemannic dialect, the singular is pronounced what?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
The mouth of the Rhine into what lake forms an inland delta?
What section of the delta is delimited in the East by?
What is the name of the delta delimited in the West by?
What did the natural Rhine form by precipitating sediments?
In the local Alemannic dialect, the singular is pronounced what?
Where was the upper canal located?
Where was the lower canal located?
What is the problem with constant flooding in the western Rhine Delta?
Where does the Dornbirner Ach now flow?
The continuous input of sediment into Lake Tuggenersee will create what up the lake?
Where was the lower canal located?
What was the purpose of the regulation of the Rhine?
Where was the upper canal located?
What is the name of the canal that flows parallel to the canalized Rhine?
What is expected to silt up Lake Tuggenersee?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
What does the Untersee mean?
What is another name for the Seerhein?
Where does the Rhine flow into Lake Constance?
What does the Obersee mean?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
In what country is Lake Constance located?
Lake Constance is located in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near what mountain range?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Along with Bavaria, what German state is Lake Constance located in?
Why does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
Where is a small fraction of the flow diverted off the island of Mainau?
At what point does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
How long is the flow of the Rhine water clearly visible in Lake Überlingen?
What is the name of the island off the northern shore of Lake Überlingen?
At what point does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
What is the name of the island off the northern shore of Lake Überlingen?
Where is a small fraction of the flow diverted off the island of Mainau?
What is another name for the Rheinrinne?
What determines the flow of the Rhine water in Lake Überlingen?
What direction does the Hochrhein flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average water discharge of the Aare?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
The Rhine turns north at the so-called Rhine knee at what city?
What direction does the Hochrhein flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average water discharge of the Aare?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
What language does the Rhine form the border with Switzerland?
In what city is the "Rhine knee" located?
What is the name of the bend where the direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
How long is the Upper Rhine Plain?
How wide is the Upper Rhine Plain?
In what city is the "Rhine knee" located?
What is the name of the bend where the direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
The direction of the Rhine changes from West to what?
What is the name of the river that ends at the "Rhine knee"?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow?
What happened to the ground water level?
What is the name of the canal that carries a significant part of the river water?
In some places of the Upper Rhine, there are what?
What region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow?
What happened to the ground water level?
What is the name of the canal that carries a significant part of the river water?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
What is the average discharge of the Moselle?
What is the longest river in Germany?
Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via what river?
What is the average width of the Rhine as it approaches the Dutch border?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via what river?
What country drains to the Rhine via the Moselle?
What is the mean discharge of the Rhine as it approaches the Dutch border?
What river flows between Bingen and Bonn?
What is the name of the gorge that the Middle Rhine flows through?
What caused the formation of the Rhine Gorge?
What is the name of the Rhine Gorge?
What river flows between Bingen and Bonn?
What is the name of the gorge that the Middle Rhine flows through?
What is the Rhine Gorge known for?
What is the name of the Rhine Gorge?
What can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland?
The Ruhr joins the Rhine in what city?
Which river provides the region with drinking water?
What does the Ruhr provide the region with?
Where can many plants and factories be found along the Rhine?
What was industry a major source of water until the early 1980s?
What part of the Rhine is the bulk of industry concentrated?
Where can many plants and factories be found along the Rhine?
The Ruhr joins the Rhine in what city?
Which river provides the region with drinking water?
Along with viniculture, what is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
The Rhine Gorge between Koblenz and what city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
What famous rock is near Sankt Goarshausen?
What can be considered the epitome of the Rhine romanticism?
Along with viniculture, what is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
What is the Rhine Gorge listed as?
The Rhine Gorge between Koblenz and what city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
What famous rock is near Sankt Goarshausen?
Where is the rock Lorelei located?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What is the name of the second east-west shipping route?
The Wesel-Datteln Canal runs parallel to what river?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
Which river flows through North Rhine-Westphalia?
What is the largest conurbation in Germany?
What is the name of the largest river port in Europe?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
What river does the Merwede merge with to form the North Sea?
What Dutch name no longer coincides with the main flow of water?
How much of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west?
Where does the water flow volume of the Rhine go after the Waal?
What is the name of the body of water that flows west of the Rhine?
What river does the Merwede merge with to form the North Sea?
What branches off, near Dordrecht, to form Het Scheur?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
The IJssel branch of the Rhine is known as what?
At Wijk bij Duurstede, the Nederrijn changes its name to what?
What river does the Nederrijn rejoin at Wijk bij Duurstede?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
The IJssel branch of the Rhine is known as what?
How much water does the IJssel branch of the Rhine carry?
At Wijk bij Duurstede, the Nederrijn changes its name to what?
Where does the Nederrijn change its name to the Lek?
What is the name of the smaller streams to the north of the Rhine?
What are the smaller streams used for?
What is the old north branch of the Rhine called?
What does Kromme Rijn mean?
What does Oude Rijn mean?
What is the most important natural region of the Netherlands?
Where does the Rhine-Meuse Delta begin?
What is the shorter term for the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
What does the Pannerdens Kanaal change its name to?
How many main flows carry significant amounts of water?
What is the largest and southern main branch of the Rhine?
What does Oude Maas mean?
What does Het Scheur mean?
What was the name of the flood in 1421?
When was the St. Elizabeth's flood?
What is the name of the line where the Meuse flowed before the St. Elizabeth's flood?
When did the Meuse and Waal merge to form Merwede?
What type of estuary did the Meuse form before the St. Elizabeth's flood?
Many rivers have been closed and now serve as what for the numerous polders?
What changed the Delta in the second half of the 20th Century?
Many rivers have been closed and now serve as drainage channels for numerous polders?
In what century did the construction of Delta Works change the Delta fundamentally?
What type of delta is the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
The Rhine-Meuse Delta is shaped not only by the sedimentation of the rivers, but also by what?
What could strong tidal currents do?
The most landward tidal influence can be detected between Brakel and what other city?
The present Mediterranean Sea descends from what sea?
In what period did the two plates reverse direction and begin to compress the Tethys floor?
What is the name of the individual features of the microplates caught in the squeeze?
In what era was the Triassic period?
Which microplate pushed up the Pyrenees?
What type of rift system developed in the Eocene?
What is considered the first Rhine river?
When did the Upper Rhine Graben develop?
Along with the Rhone, what river drained the northern flanks of the Alps?
How did the Rhine extend its watershed southward?
During what period did the Rhine capture streams down to the Vosges Mountains?
By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to what mountains?
What geological period ended around 2.5 million years ago?
How many major Ice Ages have occurred since 600,000 years ago?
How much did the sea level drop during the Ice Ages?
In what direction did the Rhine follow in the Early Pleistocene?
Where is the mouth of the Rhine located?
How long did the last glacial last?
When did the Pleistocene end?
In what direction did the lower Rhine flow through the Netherlands?
How much lower was the sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What channel did the Rhine flow through during the last glacial?
What is the source of the Rhine's current course?
During the Last Glacial Maximum, what was the space between the ice sheets called?
When was the Last Glacial Maximum?
What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What is the term for wind-blown dust over the tundra?
When did northwest Europe begin to warm up?
What did frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers begin to do?
Where was much of the discharge routed to?
When did rapid warming and changes of vegetation begin in Europe?
By what year was Europe fully forested?
Since when has a situation with tides and currents existed?
What had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together could compensate the transgression by the sea?
In what time period was the coast line roughly at the same location?
What is causing the sea level to rise in the southern North Sea?
What is the rate of sea level rise in the southern North Sea?
When did the Rhine occupy its Late-Glacial valley?
When did the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta begin?
What valley did the Rhine occupy at the beginning of the Holocene?
In what country did sea-level rise cause the formation of the Rhine-Meuse delta?
Since when has human impact been seen in the delta?
What caused the end of peat formation in the delta?
What has increased in the Rhine as a result of increasing land clearance?
When did embankment, of the major distributaries and damming of minor distributaries occur?
How many avulsions have occurred over the past 6000 years?
What body of water does the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to?
What estuary did the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge through?
What is the name of the lake that the river IJssel enters?
What is the IJsselmeer now?
How many branches of the Rhine are there?
When did the Rhine enter the historical period?
The Rhine formed the boundary between Gaul and what other country?
When was the Upper Rhine part of the late Hallstatt culture?
Who wrote the Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil?
When did Augustus die?
What is the name of the upper river of the Rhine?
What happened to the northern section of the Germanic frontier?
Where did Roman subjects from the modern Alsace-Lorraine drift across the river?
Which part of the Germanic frontier remained the Roman boundary until the empire fell?
How many legions did the Romans keep along the Rhine?
For what army were two legions at Vetera (Xanten)?
What was the name of the town that was renamed Colonia Agrippina?
The number of legions present at any base depended on whether a state or what existed?
What does oppidum Ubiorum mean?
In what century did the kingdoms of Francia, Burgundy, and Alemannia form?
By the 5th century, Francia on the Lower Rhine was established as what?
What does Siebengebirge mean?
Who is the hero of the Nibelungenlied?
Who threw Kriemhild's golden treasure into the Rhine?
When was the Rhine within the borders of Francia?
When was the Rhine fully within the Holy Roman Empire?
In the 10th century, the Rhine flowed through Swabia, Franconia and what other region?
Who sold Alsace to Burgundy in 1469?
In what year was Alsace sold to Burgundy?
Since what treaty has the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany?
What was a long-term goal of French foreign policy?
Who established the Confederation of the Rhine?
When was the Confederation of the Rhine established?
In what year did the Rhine crisis occur?
When was the Rhineland subject to the Treaty of Versailles?
Until what year was the Rhineland a demilitarised zone?
Who was forbidden to enter the Rhineland after 1935?
The Treaty of Versailles is often cited as helping what?
In what year did the German army occupy the Rhineland?
Where was the Rhine bridge located during Operation Market Garden?
In World War II, it was recognised that the Rhine would present a what?
When was Operation Market Garden?
What bridge crossing the Rhine at Remagen became famous?
What was the Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War?
What was the generally accepted length of the Rhine until 1932?
What German encyclopedia stated the length of the Rhine as 1,320 kilometres?
Why did Knaurs Lexikon state the length of the Rhine as 1,320 kilometres?
What was the length of the Rhine in 1932?
When was the error discovered?
When did the Scottish electorate vote for devolution?
What is the name of the act that convened the current Scottish Parliament?
What does the Scotland Act delineate the legislative competence of the Parliament?
The Scotland Act 1998 explicitly specifies powers that are "reserved" to whom?
The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to whom?
What remained an important element in Scottish national identity?
For how many years was Scotland directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain?
What war caused the shelving of proposals for a devolved Parliament?
When did nationalism rise in Scotland?
What did Kilbrandon recommend?
In what part of the sea was oil discovered?
What campaign of the Scottish National Party resulted in rising support for Scottish independence?
In what year did Prime Minister Wilson commit his government to some form of devolved legislature?
What did the SNP argue about the revenues from the oil?
When was the final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed by the United Kingdom Parliament?
In what city would an elected assembly be set up?
What percentage of the Scottish electorate had to vote for an elected assembly?
What percentage of the vote was in favor of a Scottish Assembly in 1979?
What happened to the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly?
What percentage of the electorate did not vote in the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum?
What was the demand for in the 1980s and 1990s?
Who controlled the government of the United Kingdom in the 1980s and 1990s?
In what year did the Scottish Constitutional Convention take place?
What did the Scottish Constitutional Convention publish in 1995?
What is the official home of the Scottish Parliament?
Who designed the Scottish Parliament Building?
What nationality was Enric Miralles?
What shape are the buildings in the Scottish Parliament Building?
Who opened the new Scottish Parliament Building on October 9, 2004?
What was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland used for?
Where was the Parliament's temporary home?
Where were official photographs and television interviews held?
Where was the Parliament relocated to in May 2002?
Where was the Parliament temporarily relocated to in May 2000?
Who rented the General Assembly Hall to the Parliament?
The former administrative building of what council was used for the MSP's offices?
What happened to the Lothian Regional Council building after the Parliament moved to Holyrood?
Where are the former Midlothian County Buildings located?
What hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room?
How many MSPs are elected at the beginning of each parliamentary session?
Who is the current speaker of the Scottish Parliament?
What type of ballot is used to elect the Presiding Officer?
How many MSPs are in the Scottish Parliament?
Who operates the electronic voting equipment and chamber clocks?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad in an official capacity?
What is the name of the group that allocates time and sets the work agenda in the chamber?
How many seats does the Parliamentary Bureau have?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad?
What is the seating arranged in the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament?
What is the purpose of the seating in the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament?
How many seats are in the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament?
How many seats are for the Scottish Law Officers?
What can Law Officers not do in plenary meetings?
Where is the gold in the mace inlaid with?
What metal is the parliamentary mace made from?
Who presented the mace to the Scottish Parliament?
What are the words on the mace?
How is the mace displayed in the Scottish Parliament?
In what month of the year does Parliament take two week recess?
Where do plenary meetings take place?
Who are chamber debates and committee meetings open to?
How much does the public pay to enter the debating chamber?
What is the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates called?
On what day of the week is Time for Reflection usually held?
How long does Time for Reflection last?
Who decides who is invited to address Parliament on Wednesdays?
Speakers are chosen to represent the balance of what?
What can Faith groups make direct representations to the Presiding Officer to do?
Who decides who speaks in chamber debates?
What does the Presiding Officer decide on in chamber debates?
The Presiding Officer tries to achieve a balance between political parties and what?
Who usually opens debates in the Scottish Parliament?
What language has the Scottish Parliament conducted debates in?
At what time do MSPs decide on motions and amendments?
What is heralded by the sounding of the division bell?
What do MSPs who are not in the chamber do at Decision Time?
How do MSPs vote during Decision Time?
How long is the outcome of each division known?
What can be predicted beforehand?
Who normally instruct members which way to vote?
What are MSPs called that are entrusted with ensuring that party members vote according to the party line?
What type of issues are "free votes" typically done on?
What can happen to errant members?
When is a "Members Debate" held?
What is an MSP who proposes a motion called Members Business?
How long does the Members Debate last?
Along with the proposer, who usually contributes to a Members Debate?
What does the relevant minister do after speaking after all other participants?
Much of the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in what?
Is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament stronger or weaker than other parliamentary systems?
What does the Scottish Parliament not have that makes the role of committees stronger?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
Where can committees meet?
How many MSPs are on the committees?
What does the membership of committees reflect?
What are different committees set out in different ways?
What type of committees are in the fourth Session of the Scottish Parliament?
In what Session of the Scottish Parliament are the current Mandatory Committees?
When are Subject Committees established?
How many departments do Subject Committees typically correspond with?
What are the names of the committees in the fourth Session?
What is the name of the current Subject Committees?
What type of committee is normally set up to scrutinize private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party?
What do private bills usually relate to?
What is the name of the body that scrutinizes private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament?
What type of committee has been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network?
What governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament?
Who gave royal assent to the Scotland Act 1998?
The Scotland Act 2012 extends what to the Scottish Parliament?
Who continues to constitute the supreme legislature of Scotland?
Who has limited tax-varying capability?
In what section of the Scotland Act are reserved matters not explicitly stated?
Who can alter income tax in Scotland by up to 3 pence in the pound?
All matters that are not specifically reserved are what to the Scottish Parliament?
How much can the Scottish Parliament alter income tax in Scotland?
What act conferred further fiscal devolution?
What type of matters are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament?
Who is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to Westminster?
Where is the Scottish Parliament unable to legislate on reserved matters?
Who usually handles Ministerial functions in the UK?
What can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways?
Who can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws?
A member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as what?
A private bill can be submitted to Parliament by who?
How do bills pass through Parliament?
What is the first stage of a bill called?
Along with Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum and a Financial Memorandum, what is included in Stage 1 of a bill?
What are Statements from the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill lodged indicating?
Where does Stage 1 usually take place?
If the whole Parliament agrees in a vote to the general principles of the bill, it then proceeds to what stage?
What is the final stage of the bill?
How many parts does Stage 3 of the bill consist of?
What stage of the bill is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament?
What type of amendments can opposition members table to cause the bill to fall without a final vote?
At what stage do members vote on whether they agree to the general principles of the final bill?
Who does the Presiding Officer submit the bill to for royal assent?
What does the Monarch do after a bill has been passed?
How long does it take for the monarch to give royal assent?
Where can the Law Officers of the Scottish Government or UK Government refer a bill to for a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the Parliament?
On what date is the bill for the Act of the Scottish Parliament passed?
What party forms the Scottish Government?
Who can put their name forward to be First Minister?
Who is the head of the Scottish Government?
Who are most ministers and their juniors drawn from?
Who makes the formal appointment or dismissal of Scottish ministers?
On what day are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
In what month and year are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
Who can change the date of the poll by up to one month?
What happens if an extraordinary general election is held less than six months before the due date of an ordinary general election?
How many days must the Parliament nominate one of its members to be First Minister?
What enables the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government?
Who is invited to question the First Minister?
What does the First Minister deliver at the beginning of each parliamentary year?
What do MSPs question the First Minister on after the statement has been delivered?
What is set aside for question periods in the debating chamber?
On what day of the week does General Question Time take place?
Who can members direct questions to during General Question Time?
What does First Minister's Question Time give members an opportunity to question the First Minister on?
How many general questions are available to opposition leaders?
How many constituency MSPs are there?
In what year did the number of Scottish MPs reduce?
How many constituency MSPs are there?
Why do Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles have a smaller number of electors?
How many electors are in the average Scottish Parliament constituency?
How are the total number of seats in the Parliament allocated?
What method is used to determine the number of seats in the Parliament?
The party with the highest what is awarded the seat?
What is added to the second list seat in allocating the second seat?
How is the d'Hondt method repeated until all available list seats are allocated?
What qualifications apply to being an MSP?
When was the British Nationality Act passed?
What is the minimum age to be an MSP?
What groups are disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament?
Under what act can an individual be disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament if he or she is judged to be insane?
What is the first time in the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority?
Who did the SNP take 16 seats from?
How many votes did Iain Gray get in East Lothian?
How many seats did the SNP take from the Liberal Democrats?
The SNP overall majority meant that there was sufficient support in the Scottish Parliament to hold a referendum on what?
Who lost Edinburgh Pentlands to the SNP?
What seat did the Conservatives lose to the SNP?
How many seats did the Conservatives lose?
Who was the leader of the Conservatives?
Who vowed to campaign for the Union in the independence referendum?
What is a procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament?
What are English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs unable to vote on?
What is the phenomenon of English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs being unable to vote on domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament known as?
Which political party won the 2015 UK election?
In 2015, standing orders of the House of Commons were changed to give MPs representing English constituencies a new "veto" over laws only affecting what country?
What is an Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism?
What does Political Islam attempt to implement Islamic values in?
What does Islamism favor in government and society?
The different Islamist movements have been described as oscillating between two what?
What is a strategy of Islamization of society through state power?
What type of political process do moderate and reformist Islamists work within?
Where is Hamas located?
What do Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine seek to do?
Al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad reject what?
On what basis do radical Islamist groups call for violent/offensive jihad?
What is another division within Islamism?
What did Olivier Roy argue underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century?
What did the Salafi movement focus on?
What did Olivier Roy describe Islamism as "increasingly interdependent" with?
Why do Islamists need democratic elections?
What role does Islamism posits for Islam?
What is a controversial concept not just because it posits a political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam?
Who believes their views merely reflect Islam?
What does Hayri Abaza believe the failure to distinguish between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support?
What do progressive moderates want to separate?
What are those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life?
Who created the conception of political Islam?
What does the International Crisis Group believe apolitical Islam was?
When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?
What type of Islam is quietist?
What did Western governments view Islamist groups as later?
When did Western and pro-Western governments often support sometimes fledgling Islamists?
What did the non-Afghan veterans of the war have?
Who did the US spend billions of dollars to aid?
What were Islamists considered to be bulwarks against?
What did the non-Afghan veterans of the war have?
Who was the Egyptian president who opened Egypt to Western investment?
What did Sadat make with Israel?
What did Sadat get in return for releasing Islamists from prison?
When did the "gentlemen's agreement" between Sadat and Islamists break down?
What happened to Anwar Sadat?
What type of interpretation of Islam was Wahhabism?
What did Wahhabism say Muslims should do to infidels for Allah's sake?
What did Wahhabism believe democracy was responsible for?
What did Wahhabism say Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims were?
What country's interpretation of Islam has set the "gold standard" of religion?
What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?
What type of government is the Muslim Brotherhood compared to?
What type of assistance does the Muslim Brotherhood provide to students from out of town?
What is the commitment to social justice limited to by incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments?
What is the purpose of mass marriage ceremonies?
What subjects did Iqbal study in England and Germany?
What group did Iqbal become a member of while studying law and philosophy?
Who was Iqbal a critic of?
When did Iqbal return to Lahore?
What was the title of Iqbal's 1934 book?
What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam?
What did Iqbal fear that India's Hindu-majority population would do to Muslim heritage, culture and political influence?
What did Iqbal call for the shedding of?
In what year was Sir Muhammad Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League?
What movement was inspired by Iqbal's Allahabad Address?
Who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party?
What profession did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi choose?
When was the Jamaat-e-Islami party founded?
How did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
How did Maududi place Islam?
Who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party?
What profession did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi choose?
How did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
How did Maududi place Islam?
Maududi believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without what?
What did Maududi believe Islam required the establishment of?
What does tawhid mean?
How did Maududi describe the Islamic revolution?
What did Maududi use to change the hearts and minds of individuals?
In what year was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?
What is the Muslim Brotherhood's motto?
What type of influence did Al Banna want to eliminate in the Muslim world?
What did some elements of the Brotherhood engage in against the government?
In what year was Al-Banna assassinated?
Who was assassinated three months before Al-Banna?
In what year was the Brotherhood banned in Egypt?
Who was the president of Egypt in 1948?
What has the Muslim Brotherhood become in the Islamic world?
How many seats did Islamist parties win in the 2011-2012 Egyptian parliamentary election?
For many years, the Muslim Brotherhood was described as what?
What was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do during elections?
Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt?
How was the defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War?
What was the Six-Day War considered in the Arab Muslim world?
What type of stagnation was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes?
What happened to the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics?
Maududi and Sayyid Qutb inspired what type of movements?
What type of father was Mohammad Iqbal?
Who was the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?
Where are Khomeini's beliefs perceived to be placed?
Who did Khomeini believe was essential to Islam?
What did Khomeini believe the acts of Western governments were part of?
What type of Republic has maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US sanctions?
What type of groups has Iran created in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon?
What type of sanctions did the US impose on Iran?
When did the Iranian government enjoy a resurgence in popularity amongst Sunni "Arab street"?
Who called for Israel to vanish?
Who deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan in 1979?
What was the Soviet Union trying to suppress in 1979?
What did Muslims around the world do in response to the conflict?
What was the military effectiveness of the Afghan Arabs?
How many Muslim volunteers came from around the world to fight in Afghanistan?
What did the Gulf War do?
Who was the enemy of the Gulf War?
What movement did the Gulf War work to radicalize?
What country was Saddam's enemy in the Gulf War?
Who did Islamists accuse the Saudi regime of being a puppet of?
Who did the 9/11 attacks resonate with?
Who did Saudi Arabia try to repress?
Where did American troops remain after Saddam's defeat?
In what country was there a civil war?
Who was responsible for the 9/11 attack?
Who wrote the manifesto Milestones?
In what year was Qutb executed?
What group renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals?
What type of movements were inspired by the final writings of Qutb?
When did the Brotherhood renounce violence as a means of achieving its goals?
What group was responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat?
In what year was Anwar Sadat assassinated?
What did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad group believe were leaders of Muslim states?
What did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad do?
Who wrote the pamphlet written by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad?
What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya employ in their struggle for Islamic order?
What group used violence in their struggle for Islamic order?
When did Jamaa Islamiya renounce violence?
What was the result of the campaign to overthrow the Egyptian government?
The Islamic Liberation Party, Salvation from Hell and Takfir wal-Hijra attempted assassinations of whom?
What was the Muslim Brotherhood's stance towards Israel prior to the First Palestine Intifada?
What group did the Muslim Brotherhood form after the First Intifada?
What did the 1988 Hamas charter call for?
What did the Muslim Brotherhood disapprove of the secular middle class drinking?
In what country was the first intifada?
Who has continued to be a major player in Palestine?
How many people did Hamas kill from 2000 to 2007?
What did Hamas win in the January 2006 legislative election?
In what year did Hamas drive the PLO out of Gaza?
What has Hamas been praised by Muslims for?
What type of regime did Hassan al-Turabi have?
Who was the leader of the Islamist regime in Sudan?
What group gained influence when General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government?
How did Hassan al-Turabi build a powerful economic base?
Where did Hassan al-Turabi place sympathetic students?
In what year was al-Nimeiry overthrown?
How did the NIF overthrow the post-al-Nimeiry government?
What law did Turabi impose on the opposition?
Who did the NIF regime harbor before 9/11?
What did the NIF work to unify Islamist opposition to?
What did women do to alleviate the high rate of unemployment?
When was the FIS founded?
Where was the FIS based?
What is another name for the Islamic Salvation Front?
What caused the FIS to lose national elections in 1991?
What did the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union not lead to in Afghanistan?
How was the civil war between political and tribal warlords in Afghanistan?
In what year did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse?
What did the civil war between political and tribal warlords make Afghanistan?
What percentage of Afghanistan did the Taliban take over in 1996?
What group was spawned by the Deobandi movement?
What country supported the Deobandi movement?
What is another term for the Taliban?
What did the Taliban want to spread to an entire country?
Who was a guest of the Taliban?
When did General Zia-ul-Haq overthrow Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime?
What did Ali Bhutto ban?
What was Zia-ul-Haq's official state ideology?
What did Zia-ul-Haq use Islamization to legitimize?
In what year was Zia-ul-Haq killed?
What type of group is the Islamic State?
Who is the Islamic State mostly composed of?
As of March 2015, how many people lived in Iraq and Syria?
What does the Islamic State lack?
What did the Islamic State proclaim itself in 2014?
When did ISIL pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?
In what year did Western forces invade Iraq?
Why was ISIL expelled from al-Qaeda in 2014?
When did the Syrian Civil War begin?
What has ISIL been designated by the United Nations?
How does HT view Muslim history?
When did HT believe Islam's pivotal turning point occurred?
In what year was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished?
What type of system did HT believe the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate ended?
What does HT believe the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate did?
What type of jihad does HT not engage in?
How does HT try to take power?
Who does HT want to "facilitate" a change of government?
In what country did HT attempt a coup in 1974?
Many HT members have gone on to join what?
How many Muslims live in Greater London?
What type of outlook do some Muslims in Greater London have?
In what year was the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque aired?
What is the term given to the term used to describe the British policy of allowing Islamists free rein?
What was Abu Hamza al-Masri charged with?
How long has the U.S. government been trying to counter Islamism?
What department is responsible for public diplomacy programmes in the US?
Who called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of "political warfare"?
Who was Robert Gates?
What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with during the Cold War?
What language is the word "imperium" from?
Along with colonization and use of other means, what is an example of imperialism?
Along with the West, what country has imperialism been applied to in the 19th and 20th centuries?
Imperialism has allowed for the rapid spread of what?
What is a policy of extending a country's power through diplomacy?
What is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule"?
What is another term for imperialism based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes?
Informal imperialism is less what type of dominance?
What is the term for less direct rule though still containing perceivable kinds of dominance?
What type of imperialism is generally less costly than taking over territories formally?
What is the general-purpose definition of imperialism?
What is one way that informal rule can expand the controlled area?
What type of rule is generally less costly than formal rule?
What is a distinction about empires?
What theory caused the world to be divided by how developed and developing nation are portrayed?
Who suggested that imperialism was the highest form of capitalism?
Geopolitics now focuses on states becoming major economic players in the market; some states are viewed as what?
Most books on the subject of imperialism confine themselves to what type of empires?
What does Edward Said distinguish the difference between imperialism and colonialism?
What does colonialism lack that makes it not automatically imply imperialism?
Along with financial reasons, what is imperialism developed for?
Along with the Russian, what land empire is generally excluded from discussions of colonialism?
Imperialism and colonialism have been used to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon what?
What do scholars sometimes find difficult to illustrate?
What does colonialism refer to?
How does imperialism create an empire?
What is the core meaning of Colonialism?
What is inherited by the conquered indigenous populations?
What is a controversial aspect of imperialism?
What is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds?
What did Hobson believe the races of the earth should do best?
What did Mackinder use as a justification for imperialism?
What is still prized today in Latin America?
Where was Friedrich Ratzel from?
What country did Halford Mackinder belong to?
What type of geographers supported imperialism?
The Royal Geographical Society of London and what other societies had great influence?
What did the Royal Geographical Society of London do to travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries?
What theory suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance?
In what zone did Ellen Churchill Semple believe human beings were able to become fully human?
Edward Said's Tropicality can be paralleled with what?
What type of people did environmental determinism believe tropical environments created?
According to Siad, orientalism allowed Europe to establish itself as what?
British imperialism often used the concept of what?
In what century did the British rule Australia?
The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of what empire?
Who lived in Australia in the 18th century?
What does Terra nullius mean in Roman law?
What does Orientalism refer to how the West developed?
What did early European studies of the Orient position the East as?
What did Orientalism define the East as?
What term refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East?
What type of West did European studies of the Orient portray the East as?
What did Bassett focus on during the "scramble for Africa"?
What did imperial and colonial powers obtain information to fill in?
What did Bassett use blank space to denote?
What did Bassett focus on during his analysis?
Along with the British, who did Bassett say maps helped legitimize the extension of?
During what era did the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire exist?
Imperialism was a basic component to the conquests of whom?
How many historically recognized Muslim empires are in Sub-Saharan Africa?
What is an example of a Sub-Saharan African empire that predates the European colonial era?
Where are the Ethiopian Empire, Oyo Empire, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire, and Mutapa Empire?
What is it called when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
What is the term for a country's influence in social and cultural circles?
What soap opera changed the expectations of Romanians during the Cold War?
What culture did the soap opera Dallas change the expectations of?
What does North Korea do to foreign popular culture?
When did the Age of Imperialism begin?
The Age of Imperialism saw industrializing nations engaging in the process of what?
How many years have imperialist practices existed?
When did the Age of Imperialism end?
What was the name of the policy in China during the Age of Imperialism?
When was John Gallagher born?
When did Ronald Robinson die?
John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson were what?
What grew significantly and became more interconnected in the decades before World War I?
Who was rich and prosperous in the decades before World War I?
Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on what?
When was the colonization of India?
Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on collecting resources from what?
The British exploited the political weakness of what state in India?
Along with advancements in military technology, what else did Europe continue to advance in?
What did European chemists make that could be used in combat?
By the 1880s, what had become an effective battlefield weapon?
What were armies in less-developed countries still fighting with?
What type of chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat?
In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on what experience?
When was the term "Imperialism" first introduced into English in its present sense?
What did Joseph Chamberlain believe imperialism was a policy of?
Why did Lenin believe imperialism was a natural extension of capitalism?
Along with imperialism and capitalism, what is the correlation between capitalism and imperialism?
When did the rise of the military-political complex in the United States begin?
When were these non-Marxist writers at their most prolific?
What did Hobson call imperialism?
What did Hobson believe could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order?
What concept served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples?
What did environmental determinism believe a certain person's behaviours were determined by?
What were people living in tropical environments seen as?
Where was the last wave of European colonialism?
What are the two forms of environmental determinism?
Who believed that the world could be split into climatic zones?
What two temperate climates were believed to produce a hardworking, moral, and upstanding human being?
What were the people of tropical climates believed to be in need of?
What is a view of a people based on their geographical location?
What group of scholars believed that the world could be split into climatic zones?
Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as when?
In what year was the British East India Company established?
Who chartered the British East India Company?
In 1767 political activity caused what of the East India Company?
Who had already set up trading posts in India?
In what year did France take control of Algeria?
When did France begin to rebuild its worldwide empire?
What religion did Germany spread to France?
In what continent did France concentrate after 1850?
When did Republicans become supportive of France's colonial empire?
What did Jules Ferry say France had a duty to do?
What did Jules Ferry call full citizenship rights?
What did France send to its colonies?
What did France want to bring to the world?
What was the only colony where French settlers remained a small minority?
What did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French use as bases to liberate France?
What began to challenge the Empire after 1945?
In what country did France fight and lose a bitter war in the 1950s?
What country was granted independence in 1962?
When did most of France's colonies gain independence?
Where were the Germanic tribes originally from?
By 1000 CE, the Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe was complete, excluding what?
When did Germanic tribes expand throughout northern and western Europe?
When did the Holy Roman Empire form?
What part of Europe did "Germany" refer to?
When was Germany's participation in Western imperialism negligible?
When did Otto von Bismarck become Chancellor?
When did Prussia unite the other states into the second German Empire?
Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
What did Otto von Bismarck believe diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from?
In 1883-84, Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and what other area?
Why did Bismarck want colonies?
In what year was German New Guinea established?
What was the first German colony established in 1884?
Who influenced Bismarck?
What did Japan take from Russia as a result of the Russo-Japanese War?
When was the First Sino-Japanese War?
What country did Japan invade during the Second World War?
What territory did Japan conquer from China in 1931?
The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of what country supported post-World War II communist movements in foreign nations?
When did the policy of "Indigenization" stop being implemented?
Who asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory?
Where did the Soviet Union occupy after World War II?
Who reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as the Tsarist empire by 1921?
Trotsky believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of what?
Who declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism?
Who argued that the Soviet Union had become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade?
Who was the new political leader of the Soviet Union in the late 1950s?
What did Joseph Stalin establish for the Soviet Union?
What was the First British Empire based on?
In what year did Britain lose the American colonies?
What policy did Britain adopt in the 1840s that gave it dominance in the trade of much of the world?
When did the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies occur?
In what year did Britain defeat Napoleonic France?
What was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen?
What did Social Darwinism and theories of race form an ideological underpinning during this time?
What was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury?
Along with Asia, what region did the British Empire add to in the late 19th century?
What was the name of the US policy that expressed its opposition to Imperialism?
What was Theodore Roosevelt's policy in Central America?
What happened to the Philippines one year after the Anti-Imperialist League was formed?
What country did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose the US annexation of?
What was American foreign policy denounced as by Smedley Butler?
Who was a key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire?
In what year was Isiah Bowman appointed to President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry?
Who was responsible for the idea of President Wilson's inquiry?
What was the point of the inquiry?
What did Isiah Bowman come to be known as?
What have some described as a form of imperialism or colonialism?
What has the internal form of empire been referred to as?
How many Africans did the United States enslave?
Who did Edward Said say the US was using aggressive means of attack towards?
When did the Ottoman Empire end?
Who was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries?
How many provinces did the Ottoman Empire have at the beginning of the 17th century?
In what continent did the Ottoman Empire control much of Southeast Asia?
When was the Ottoman Empire at its height?
What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire?
Who did the Ottoman empire ally with in the early 20th century?
The Ottoman Empire dissolved in the aftermath of what war?
What new state was formed in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland after World War I?
What is the name of the mainline Protestant Methodist denomination?
What type of denomination is the United Methodist Church?
In what year was the United Methodist Church founded?
What was the UMC founded by?
What is the theological orientation of the UMC?
What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement?
How many members are in the United Methodist Church?
What does the UMC rank as in the United States?
What percentage of the U.S. population self-identify with the United Methodist Church in 2015?
When did the United Methodist Church begin?
Where did the United Methodist Church begin?
What did other students mock the Methodists for?
In what year did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel?
Where did John and Charles Wesley go to teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Who did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel to?
What did John Wesley and Charles Wesley believe was the foundation of Christianity?
What decisively separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church?
In what year was the Methodist Episcopal Church established?
Who was the superintendent of the Methodist Society?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
When was St. George's United Methodist Church founded?
Where was St. George's United Methodist Church originally located?
When was the Methodist Episcopal Church founded?
Who were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
Who licensed Richard Allen and Absalom Jones?
In what year were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
In what year did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
Why did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1830?
When did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
Why did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
When was the United Methodist Church created?
Where did the Evangelical United Brethren Church and The Methodist Church join hands?
Who represented The Methodist Church at the General Conference?
The United Methodist Church understands itself to be part of what type of church?
What book recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon?
What does the concept of the "visible and invisible Church" mean?
Why did John Wesley break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters?
Who was set apart as a superintendent by Wesley?
Who did John Wesley ordain as presbyters?
In what year was The United Methodist Church formed?
Who were the founders of the United Methodist Church?
Who was the first United Methodist theologian?
Who was the first United Methodist theologian?
What is the grace that "goes before" us?
What is the grace that "goes before" us?
What is prevenient grace?
What is the grace that "goes before" us?
What is the name of the grace offered by God to all people?
In what type of grace are we received by God, in spite of our sin?
What is justifying grace also known as?
What is justifying grace also known as?
What did John Wesley call the experience of being born again?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is the grace of God that sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What does Sanctifying Grace sustain the believers in the journey toward?
What stands at a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental?
What does the United Methodist Church believe in?
What denomination is generally considered one of the more moderate and tolerant denominations with respect to race, gender, and ideology?
What book states that United Methodist theology is at once "catholic, evangelical, and reformed"?
In what year did the General Conference go on record in support of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
What is the stance of the United Methodist Church on abortion?
What group was the United Methodist Church a founding member of?
What two official bodies of the United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
Who does the church emphasize the need to be in supportive ministry with?
Who does the United Methodist church hold to respect the sacredness of?
What group has members of the United Methodist Church who identify with the pro-life position organized into?
In what year was the General Conference of the United Methodist Church held?
Who is the president of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality?
What movement has the Methodist Church supported?
When did the United Methodist Church's General Board of Church and Society call on all United Methodists to abstain from alcohol for Lent?
What was the name of John Wesley's famous sermon?
What does the United Methodist Church use in the sacrament of Holy Communion?
What does the United Methodist Church condemn?
When did Jesus abolish the death penalty?
When does the United Methodist Church believe Jesus repudiated the lex talionis?
What part of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment?
What does the United Methodist Church prohibit the celebration of?
In what year was Rev. Jimmy Creech defrocked?
In what year did a United Methodist bishop perform a same-sex marriage?
What governing committee has voted in favor of a proposal that would permit ministers to officiate same-sex weddings?
Many organizations, conferences, and congregations have recently called for broader acceptance of what community within the UMC?
Many conferences have taken a position by voting in favor of what?
In what year was Rose Mary Denman defrocked?
In what year were clergy credentials removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud?
Who approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose?
What is not always righteous before God according to the United Methodist Church?
What does the United Methodist Church support and extend its ministry to those who conscientiously oppose?
The United Methodist Church maintains that war is incompatible with what?
What does the United Methodist Church reject war as?
What does the United Methodist Church endorses?
Who states that pornography is not an 'innocent activity'?
What does the United Methodist Church teach pornography is about?
The Sexual Ethics Task Force of The United Methodist Church states that "Research shows it [pornography] is not an 'innocent activity.'
The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos created for what?
The UMC supports research on what retrieved from umbilical cords?
The UMC supports federal funding for what on embryos created for IVF?
What was the name of John Wesley's revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
When did John Wesley provide a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
What was the name of the revised version of the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America?
Where is exorcism an occasional practice by some clergy in The United Methodist Church?
Many of the United Methodist liturgies are derived from what Anglican tradition?
Along with the laying on of hands, what other service is offered by the United Methodist Church in Africa?
What may be named after a biblical figure?
Who was the founder of the Salvation Army?
What is the name of Methodism's founder?
What is the name of the church that is organized into conferences?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
What is the name of the book that records legislative changes?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
How often does the General Conference meet?
How many jurisdictions is the United States divided into?
How many central conferences does the church have outside of the United States?
What is the main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences?
Who are the chief administrators of the church?
What are bishops elected to serve?
Who makes decisions in-between the four-year meetings?
Who are the members of the Mission Council?
How many acres did the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction lease for the George W. Bush Presidential Library?
What was the purpose of the lease of 36 acres at Southern Methodist University?
Where was the George W. Bush Presidential Library located?
How many members are in the Judicial Council?
What is the highest court in the denomination?
How long is the term of a member of the Judicial Council?
How often does the Judicial Council meet?
Where does the Judicial Council meet?
What is the basic unit of organization within the UMC?
What is the term Annual Conference often used to refer to?
What are clergy members of?
What is the guidebook for local churches and pastors?
How many members must all UM churches have on their board of trustees?
How many members must all UM churches have on their board of trustees?
What is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church and any interested members?
What is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church and any interested members?
How many colleges and universities is the United Methodist Church affiliated with in the US?
How many schools and institutions does the United Methodist Church operate overseas?
What is the name of the association that the United Methodist Church is a member of?
Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?
What do elders generally serve as in local congregations?
Who are elders in full connection a member of?
Who is each deacon in full connection a member of?
Who advises the resident bishop on clergy appointments?
How often is an appointment made?
When are no appointments officially fixed?
Who is ordained by a bishop to a ministry of Word, Sacrament, Order and Service within the church?
Elders may be appointed to what?
How long do provisional Elders serve?
Elders may also be assigned as what?
How long do provisional deacons serve?
Who is called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop?
Who is called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop?
What can a deacon do if they are appointed as the pastor in a local church?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
Who serves a two-three year term in a full-time appointment after being commissioned?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is the official title of a local pastor?
What is the official title of a local pastor?
How many years of study are local pastors required to attend?
What does a local pastor continue towards to retire as clergy?
What are those who have been baptized as an infant or child, but have not subsequently professed their own faith?
How do Baptized Members become Professing Members?
How can an individual become a Professing Member?
What is a sacrament in the UMC?
In what classes do students learn about Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition?
What document directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes to all people?
What do students learn in confirmation and membership preparation classes?
What is another position in the United Methodist Church?
How can a local church lay servant be recognized?
How often must a lay servant report and reapply?
How many advanced courses must a lay servant complete every three years?
What is one tradition within the Christian Church?
The United Methodist Church voted to seek what in the National Association of Evangelicals?
What do some in the United Methodist Church feel that false ecumenism might result in?
When was the Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed?
When did the United Methodist Church enter into full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
In what year did The United Methodist Church begin exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations?
How many members did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many congregations did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many members were in the UMC in 2005?
How many congregations did the UMC have in 2005?
What state has the largest number of members in the UMC?
By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, what was the total UMC membership?
How many members did the UMC have in the U.S. in 2008?
How many UMC members were overseas in 2008?
What group is the UMC a member of?
What interdenominational group is the UMC active in?
When did delegates to the World Methodist Council vote unanimously to adopt the "Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification"?
When did the French and Indian War take place?
Who fought in the French and Indian War?
What was the population of the French North American colonies at the start of the Seven Years' War?
How many people lived in the British North American colonies at the start of the Seven Years' War?
Where was the war fought?
What did the war begin with?
When did the dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers begin?
In what year did the British capture Fort Beauséjour?
What was the result of Braddock's attack on the French?
Why did British operations in 1755, 1756 and 1757 fail?
What did the British capture on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia in 1755?
What did the British order after capturing Fort Beauséjour?
Who came to power after the British government fell?
Why was France unwilling to risk large convoys to aid New France?
Where did France concentrate its forces?
Where were the British defeated at?
What territory did France cede to Britain?
What territory did France cede to Great Britain?
What was the result of France's loss of the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon?
When was the first King George's War?
What does the traditional name of the French and Indian War obscures?
What was the Seven Years' War?
What are two less frequently used names for the French and Indian War?
What are the official dates of the Seven Years' War in Europe?
How long did the Seven Years' War last?
In what year was Montreal captured?
What was the name of the battle that took place in 1754?
How many French lived in the St. Lawrence River valley?
Where was the French population concentrated?
Where did French fur traders and trappers travel throughout?
How much did the British settlers outnumber the French?
Where was the eastern coast of the continent?
Where were the population centers of the older colonies located?
In between the French and the British, large areas were dominated by what?
Which two tribes were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War?
The Iroquois Confederation dominated much of what?
What were the tribes formally under?
Which three Siouan-speaking tribes dominated the Southeast interior?
Where did the French recruit fighters from when war broke out?
Who supported the British in the Anglo-Cherokee War?
How many French regular army troops were stationed in North America at the start of the war?
How many British troops were in North America at the start of the war?
What did most British colonies do to deal with native threats?
How long did Céloron's expedition travel?
What was the size of Céloron's expedition force?
Who did Céloron tell to leave the Ohio Country?
What did the Native Americans do when Céloron's expedition arrived at Logstown?
What was the home of the Miami chief known as "Old Briton"?
What did Céloron do to Old Briton?
What did "Old Briton" do?
What did Céloron say about the Natives?
What did each side do?
What did William Shirley say about the British colonists?
In what year did the British government give land to the Ohio Company of Virginia?
Who was given land in 1749 by the British government?
Who explored the Ohio territory in 1750?
What was the name of the treaty completed by Christopher Gist in 1752?
Where did the Treaty of Logstown take place?
What is the North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession known as?
When did the War of the Austrian Succession end?
What issues did the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle resolve?
What areas were claimed by both sides of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle?
Who was the Governor-General of New France in 1752?
How many men did Langlade have?
What did Langlade want to do?
How did the French attack Pickawillany?
Who was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians?
Where did Marin build his first fort?
Where did Marin build a second fort?
What was Paul Marin de la Malgue's orders?
Who was the chief of the Mingo?
Who was William Johnson?
What was William Johnson known to the Iroquois as?
What was William Johnson made in 1746?
Who insisted that the British abide by their obligations and block French expansion?
What company was Governor Dinwiddie an investor in?
Who was ordered to warn the French to leave Virginia territory?
Who did George Washington pick up along the way?
On what date did George Washington reach Fort Le Boeuf?
Who succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces?
What letter did Washington present Saint-Pierre with?
What did Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre say about the letter from Dinwiddie?
What did Saint-Pierre say about France's claim to the region?
When did Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecœur lead 500 men south?
When did William Trent begin construction of a small stockaded fort?
What was the name of the small stockaded fort built by William Trent?
What was the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
What did the British do at the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
What did Tanaghrisson do to gain support from the British?
What did the Duke of Newcastle want to do with the army expedition?
How did the British military get word of their plans for North America?
What did King Louis XV do in response to the news of the two battles?
What did the British intend to do with their fleet?
What congress was convened in June and July, 1754?
What was the goal of the Albany Congress?
What was never ratified by the colonial legislatures or approved by the crown?
What did the Albany Congress do for confederation?
Who led the expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
What was the result of Braddock's expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
How many British soldiers were killed or injured?
Who played a key role in organizing the retreat?
Who did the French acquire a copy of the British war plans from?
Why did the French acquire a copy of the British war plans?
What did Shirley know the French were planning to do in his absence?
What did Shirley leave at Oswego, Fort Bull and Fort Williams?
Who was New France's governor?
What did Vaudreuil do when Johnson was seen as the larger threat?
How did the Battle of Lake George end?
The Battle of Lake George was fought between Fort Edward and what other fort?
Where did the French withdraw to after the Battle of Lake George?
Who captured Fort Beauséjour in June 1755?
What did Governor Charles Lawrence order to cut vital supplies to Louisbourg?
What were the only clashes between the British and Acadians?
Who assumed command of British forces in North America after Braddock's death?
In what city did William Shirley hold a meeting in 1755?
What did Shirley plan to do in 1756?
How did Shirley plan to attack Quebec?
Who was Lord Loudoun's second in command?
Who led the French regular army reinforcements that arrived in New France in May 1756?
When did England declare war on France?
Where did Shirley build forts?
What was the name of the battle in which the French destroyed the fort at Oneida Carry?
How much gunpowder did the French destroy at the Battle of Fort Bull?
What did the Battle of Fort Bull set back for the British?
Who refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them?
Where did Montcalm move his headquarters?
What garrison did Vaudreuil harass?
What did Montcalm and the Indians disagree about?
What did Loudoun plan for 1757?
Why did Loudoun leave a large force at Fort William Henry?
Who ordered Loudoun to attack Louisbourg first?
When did Loudoun return to New York?
Who harassed Fort William Henry in 1757?
On what body of water did the French raid Fort William Henry?
What did some of Montcalm's Indian allies do?
Why did Vaudreuil and Montcalm need to resupplied in 1758?
What caused the situation in New France to worsen in 1757?
Where did Montcalm focus his resources?
What led to the fall from power of Newcastle?
Who developed the plan for the 1758 campaign?
What was Pitt's plan for the 1758 campaign?
What were the results of Pitt's three major offensive actions?
How many Frenchmen were in the Battle of Carillon?
What was the size of Abercrombie's force?
What did Abercrombie do to save something from the disaster?
What happened to Abercrombie after the Battle of Carillon?
What did the duc de Choiseul focus on?
What was the result of the French invasion of Britain?
What naval battles did the French Navy lose in 1759?
Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?
What did the victory at Fort Niagara do?
What was the name of the battle that the British won outside Quebec City in 1760?
In what battle did the British prevent the arrival of French relief ships?
Who negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst?
What did Amherst give to French residents?
Who did Governor Vaudreuil negotiate a capitulation with?
When did the war in North America end?
When was the European theatre of the Seven Years' War settled?
What did the British offer France to surrender?
Why did the British want the Caribbean islands?
How many people lived in French Canada and Acadia?
When did the deportation of Acadians begin?
Where did the British resettle many Acadians?
Where did some Acadians flee to after the Haitian Revolution?
Who issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 do?
Where did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 reserve lands?
Where did most of the Spanish Catholic population of Florida go?
What made the Ohio Country particularly vulnerable to legal and illegal settlement?
When was the Spanish takeover of Louisiana completed?
What two tribes were enemies of the British?
What did the elimination of French power in North America mean for native populations?
Aristotle and Archimedes retained fundamental errors in understanding what?
What was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion even at a constant velocity?
Who formulated laws of motion that were not improved on for nearly three hundred years?
How long did it take for Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion to be improved on?
Who developed the theory of relativity?
What has particle physics devised to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms?
What are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed?
In order of decreasing strength, what are the four main interactions?
Along with strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational, what is the fourth main interaction?
The weak and electromagnetic forces are expressions of a more fundamental what?
Who provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology?
Aristotle provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of what?
How many elements did Aristotle believe to be in the terrestrial sphere?
Where did Aristotle believe motionless objects to be in their natural place?
What type of motion required continued application of a force?
In what century did Galileo Galilei disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion?
Who showed that the bodies were accelerated by gravity to an extent that was independent of their mass?
 Galileo Galilei believed that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of what?
Who constructed an experiment in which stones and cannonballs were both rolled down an incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion?
 Galileo Galilei argued that objects retain their velocity unless acted on by what force?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia?
Newton's First Law of Motion is an extension of Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with what?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia?
What law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
In every inertial frame of reference, the laws of physics are what?
What do not change from being at rest?
What kind of path does the ball follow in the same direction as a moving vehicle?
What is the outside world that is moving with a constant speed in the opposite direction?
What applies equally well to constant velocity motion as it does to rest?
What concept can be further generalized to explain the tendency of objects to continue in many different forms of constant motion?
What fixes the constancy of a day and the length of a year?
Who extended the principle of inertia to reference frames subject to constant acceleration?
What do astronauts experience when in free-fall orbit around the Earth?
What was one of the foundational underpinnings for the development of the general theory of relativity?
What asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force?
What type of measurements can be used to define acceleration?
What theory offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What theory offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
The relative units of force and mass then are what?
What law means that all forces are interactions between different bodies?
What law means that all forces are interactions between different bodies?
Newton's Third Law states that there is no such thing as what type of force?
F and −F are equal in what?
What part of a closed system will not accelerate if an external force acts on the system?
In what type of system are there no internal forces that are unbalanced?
In a closed system of particles, the center of what does not accelerate?
What type of understanding of forces are perceived as pushes or pulls?
What is the intuitive understanding of forces compared to?
What is the conceptual definition of force offered by?
Through what process is it determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics?
What are forces classified as?
What are physical quantities that do not have direction called?
What avoids the problem of not knowing the direction of forces?
What is the situation if the magnitude and direction of both forces are not known for each force?
What avoids the problem of not knowing the direction of forces?
In what condition were forces first quantitatively investigated?
What properties do forces have?
What is another name for the resultant force?
What must be specified in order to account for the effects of forces on the motion of the body?
The addition of two vectors represented by sides of a parallelogram gives an equivalent resultant vector that is equal in magnitude and direction to the transversal of what?
What are orthogonal components?
How many forces can a horizontal force pointing northeast be split into?
What does summing component forces using vector addition yield?
What type of components are independent of each other because forces acting at ninety degrees to each other have no effect on magnitude or direction of the other?
What kind of force vectors can orthogonal force vectors be?
Pushing against a frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by what?
Pushing against a frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by what?
What type of force is opposed by static friction?
What is opposed by static friction?
A static equilibrium between two is the most usual way of measuring what?
What is the force applied by an object suspended on a vertical spring scale called?
What force is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
What force is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
Who expounded the Three Laws of Motion?
Who first described dynamic equilibrium?
 Galileo concluded that motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to what?
Who first described dynamic equilibrium?
Where would a falling cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
Where would a falling cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
What occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction?
What opposes the applied force?
A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with what?
Who misinterpreted the motion as being caused by the applied force?
What equation is used to describe physics in quantum mechanics?
The Schrödinger equation is instead of what type of equations?
The potentials V(x,y,z) or fields are treated similar to what?
What is the term for the results of a measurement that appear in discrete portions?
What is difficult to imagine in the context of "forces"?
What is the discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called?
What principle relates the space and the spin variables?
What is the discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called?
What type of spins must the position variables be symmetric?
What type of spins must the position variables be symmetric for?
In modern particle physics, forces and the acceleration of particles are explained as a what?
The conservation of momentum can be directly derived from the homogeneity or symmetry of space and so is usually considered more fundamental than the concept of what?
What is usually considered more fundamental than the concept of a force?
What diagrams are used to describe fundamental interactions?
In a Feynman diagram, each matter particle is represented as a what kind of line?
How many fundamental interactions do all of the forces in the universe derive from?
What types of nuclear forces are responsible for interactions between subatomic particles?
What force acts between electric charges?
The gravitational force acts between what?
What principle does not permit atoms to pass through each other?
Who unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the forceresponsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics?
In what century did the development of quantum mechanics lead to a modern understanding that the first three fundamental forces are manifestations of matter?
The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of what?
Physicists are still attempting to develop what models that would combine all four fundamental interactions?
Who identified gravity as a universal force?
Who was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects?
What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth?
From where is the magnitude of gravity measured?
What is directly proportional to the object's mass?
Newton came to realize that the effects of gravity might be observed in different ways when?
Newton determined that the acceleration of what could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law?
Newton realized that the acceleration due to gravity is proportional to what of the attracting body?
Newton's formula relates the mass of the attracting body and what other factor to the gravitational acceleration?
What is the dimensional constant used to describe the relative strength of gravity known as?
Who was able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
In what year was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
Who realized that since all celestial bodies followed the same laws of motion, his law of gravity had to be universal?
What is the name of the planet that Newton's Law of Gravitation did not explain?
What is the name of the planet that some astrophysicists predicted would explain the discrepancies in Mercury's orbit?
What was the name of Albert Einstein's theory that added a correction to Mercury's orbit?
Who formulated the theory of general relativity?
Who formulated the theory of general relativity?
What theory has been acknowledged as the theory that best explains gravity?
What is the straight line path in space-time called?
What is the time derivative of the changing momentum of the object called?
In what sense can the curvature of space-time be observed?
What does Lorentz's Law combine with the time rate of change of electric charge?
The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of what force?
What law describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field?
Lorentz's Law describes the unified electromagnetic force as a sum of what?
Who unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?
When was the origin of electric and magnetic fields fully explained?
How many scalar equations did James Clerk Maxwell unite?
How many vector equations did Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs create?
Who discovered that electric and magnetic fields could be "self-generating"?
What theory was trying to reconcile two observations with two observations?
What was the new theory of electromagnetism developed using?
What is the name of the new theory of electromagnetism developed using quantum mechanics?
What is the fundamental exchange particle in QED?
What is the name of the new theory of electromagnetism developed using quantum mechanics?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
The stiffness and rigidity of solid matter result from what principle?
What does it take to pack electrons together?
How is the Pauli exclusion principle manifested macroscopically?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
The stiffness and rigidity of solid matter result from what principle?
What does it take to pack electrons together?
How is the Pauli exclusion principle manifested macroscopically?
The strong force only acts directly upon what?
What is observed between hadrons?
The gluons and rho mesons classically transmit what force?
How is the strong force transmitted?
The failure of many searches for free quarks has shown that the elementary particles affected are not directly observable?
What is stronger than gravity over short distances?
What is the most familiar effect of the weak force?
What is the associated effect of beta decay?
What is the field strength of the weak force?
At what temperature are electromagnetic forces and the weak force indistinguishable?
What is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors?
What is the term for the fermionic nature of electrons?
What causes Pauli repulsion?
What force is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors?
Tension forces can be modeled using what?
What allows ideal strings to switch physical direction?
How do ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously?
What does the tandem effects result in?
What can be used to multiply the tension force on a load?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect what?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than what?
In real life, matter has what kind of structure?
In real life, forces that act on one part of an object might affect what other parts?
In real life, matter has what kind of structure?
What accounts for forces that cause all strains?
What terms are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What terms are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What is angle?
What is the rotational inertia that ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by?
What law can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body?
Where is the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object always directed?
How do unbalanced centripetal forces act to the velocity vector associated with the motion of an object?
What type of force is always directed toward the center of the curving path?
What direction does the centripetal force change its direction?
What force accelerates an object by slowing it down or speeding it up?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system has an associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between potential forms or what other form?
A conservative force is related directly to the difference in what energy between two different locations in space?
What is conserved whenever a conservative force acts on a closed system?
The force is related directly to what between two different locations?
The direction and amount of a flow of water can be considered to be an what?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model what as being due to gradient of potentials?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to what?
What is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms?
Other than friction, what type of forces include tension, compression, and drag?
The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with what?
According to the Second law of thermodynamics, what result in energy transformations within closed systems?
According to the Second law of thermodynamics, what result in energy transformations within closed systems?
Which law of thermodynamics states that nonconservative forces necessarily result in energy transformations within closed systems from ordered to more random conditions?
According to the Second law of thermodynamics, what result in energy transformations within closed systems?
What is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass?
What is another name for the kilogram-force?
What is the metric equivalent of the kilogram-force?
What is the unit of force that is equivalent to 1000 lbf?
What arcane unit of force is equivalent to 1000 N?