---
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
  - finetuner
  - sentence-transformers
  - feature-extraction
  - sentence-similarity
datasets:
  - jinaai/negation-dataset
language: en
license: apache-2.0
---

<br><br>

<p align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/jina-ai/finetuner/blob/main/docs/_static/finetuner-logo-ani.svg?raw=true" alt="Finetuner logo: Finetuner helps you to create experiments in order to improve embeddings on search tasks. It accompanies you to deliver the last mile of performance-tuning for neural search applications." width="150px">
</p>


<p align="center">
<b>The text embedding set trained by <a href="https://jina.ai/"><b>Jina AI</b></a>, <a href="https://github.com/jina-ai/finetuner"><b>Finetuner</b></a> team.</b>
</p>


## Intented Usage & Model Info

`jina-embedding-t-en-v1` is a tiny small language model that has been trained using Jina AI's Linnaeus-Clean dataset.
This dataset consists of 380 million pairs of sentences, which include both query-document pairs.
These pairs were obtained from various domains and were carefully selected through a thorough cleaning process.
The Linnaeus-Full dataset, from which the Linnaeus-Clean dataset is derived, originally contained 1.6 billion sentence pairs.

The model has a range of use cases, including information retrieval, semantic textual similarity, text reranking, and more.

With a tiny small parameter size of just 14 million parameters,
the model enables lightning-fast inference on CPU, while still delivering impressive performance.
Additionally, we provide the following options:

- [`jina-embedding-t-en-v1`](https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embedding-t-en-v1): 14 million parameters **(you are here)**.
- [`jina-embedding-s-en-v1`](https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embedding-s-en-v1): 35 million parameters.
- [`jina-embedding-b-en-v1`](https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embedding-b-en-v1): 110 million parameters.
- [`jina-embedding-l-en-v1`](https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embedding-l-en-v1): 330 million parameters.
- `jina-embedding-1b-en-v1`: 1.2 billion parameters, 10 times bert-base (soon).
- `jina-embedding-6b-en-v1`: 6 billion parameters, 30 times bert-base (soon).

## Data & Parameters

Please checkout our [technical blog](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.11224).

## Metrics

We compared the model against `all-minilm-l6-v2`/`all-mpnet-base-v2` from sbert and `text-embeddings-ada-002` from OpenAI:

|Name|param    |dimension|
|------------------------------|-----|------|
|all-minilm-l6-v2|23m      |384|
|all-mpnet-base-v2 |110m     |768|
|ada-embedding-002|Unknown/OpenAI API  |1536|
|jina-embedding-t-en-v1|14m      |312|
|jina-embedding-s-en-v1|35m      |512|
|jina-embedding-b-en-v1|110m      |768|
|jina-embedding-l-en-v1|330m      |1024|


|Name|STS12|STS13|STS14|STS15|STS16|STS17|TRECOVID|Quora|SciFact|
|------------------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|--------|-----|-----|
|all-minilm-l6-v2|0.724|0.806|0.756|0.854|0.79 |0.876|0.473   |0.876|0.645  |
|all-mpnet-base-v2|0.726|0.835|**0.78** |0.857|0.8  |**0.906**|0.513   |0.875|0.656  |
|ada-embedding-002|0.698|0.833|0.761|0.861|**0.86** |0.903|**0.685**   |0.876|**0.726**  |
|jina-embedding-t-en-v1|0.714|0.775|0.723|0.825|0.771|0.863|0.479   |0.841|0.542  |
|jina-embedding-s-en-v1|**0.743**|0.786|0.738|0.837|0.80|0.875|0.523   |0.857|0.524  |
|jina-embedding-b-en-v1|0.735|0.792|0.752|0.851|0.801|0.89|0.546   |0.871|0.586  |
|jina-embedding-l-en-v1|0.739|**0.844**|0.778|**0.863**|0.821|0.896|0.566   |**0.882**|0.608  |

## Inference Speed

We encoded a single sentence "What is the current weather like today?" 10k times on:

1. cpu: MacBook Pro 2020, 2 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i5
2. gpu: 1 Nvidia 3090

And recorded time spent to demonstrate the embedding speed:

|Name|param    |dimension| time@cpu | time@gpu |
|------------------------------|-----|------|-----|-----|
|jina-embedding-t-en-v1|14m      |312| 5.78s | 2.36s|
|all-minilm-l6-v2|23m      |384| 11.95s | 2.70s |
|jina-embedding-s-en-v1|35m      |512| 17.25s | 2.81s |


## Usage

Use with Jina AI Finetuner

```python
!pip install finetuner
import finetuner

model = finetuner.build_model('jinaai/jina-embedding-t-en-v1')
embeddings = finetuner.encode(
    model=model,
    data=['how is the weather today', 'What is the current weather like today?']
)
print(finetuner.cos_sim(embeddings[0], embeddings[1]))
```

Use with sentence-transformers:

```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
from sentence_transformers.util import cos_sim

sentences = ['how is the weather today', 'What is the current weather like today?']

model = SentenceTransformer('jinaai/jina-embedding-t-en-v1')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(cos_sim(embeddings[0], embeddings[1]))
```

## Fine-tuning

Please consider [Finetuner](https://github.com/jina-ai/finetuner).

## Plans

1. The development of `jina-embedding-s-en-v2` is currently underway with two main objectives: improving performance and increasing the maximum sequence length.
2. We are currently working on a bilingual embedding model that combines English and X language. The upcoming model will be called `jina-embedding-s/b/l-de-v1`.

## Contact

Join our [Discord community](https://discord.jina.ai) and chat with other community members about ideas.

## Citation

If you find Jina Embeddings useful in your research, please cite the following paper:

``` latex
@misc{günther2023jina,
      title={Jina Embeddings: A Novel Set of High-Performance Sentence Embedding Models}, 
      author={Michael Günther and Louis Milliken and Jonathan Geuter and Georgios Mastrapas and Bo Wang and Han Xiao},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2307.11224},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```