Input: Articles 52 to 58 of the Treaty shall apply to the French overseas departments under the conditions laid down in this Decision.At the time when the directives implementing the General Programme for the Abolition of Restrictions on Freedom of Establishment are adopted, the Council may as an exception and to the extent necessary issue special directives on the establishment of persons and companies or firms in the French overseas departments. Without prejudice to the implementation of the measures adopted pursuant to the Treaty and to the Implementing Convention of 25 March 1957 and of those to be adopted pursuant to Article 1, the right of establishment in the French overseas departments shall be progressively extended to the companies or firms and nationals of Member States other than France, so that all discrimination may disappear not later than three years after the application of this Decision.The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, shall issue the necessary directives for the implementation of that progressive extension.However, the nationals and companies or firms of a Member State shall only be able to benefit, in respect of a given activity, in a French overseas department from the provisions of the first paragraph to the extent to which the State of which they are nationals grants in respect of the same activity advantages of the same kind to French nationals and companies or firms. The provisions of Article 106 of the Treaty, in so far as they are not affected by the Council Decision of 11 May 1960 on the application to Algeria and to the French overseas departments of the provisions of the Treaty concerning capital movements, shall apply to the French overseas departments. This Decision shall be applied by the Member States on the same date as the Council Decision on the association of the overseas countries and territories with the European Economic Community.That date shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

Output: Council Decision on the application to the French overseas departments of certain provisions of the Treaty relating to the right of establishment and to payments

Input: The Rules of the Transport Committee shall be amended as follows:    A. The following sentence shall be added to the first paragraph of Article 4:'Save for the cases specified in the two following paragraphs, Committee members and their alternates shall remain in office until replaced.'B. The following article shall be added after Article 5:'Article 5aAfter expiry of the term of office of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman, the chair shall be taken, until the election provided for in Article 5, by the oldest of the members referred to in the first paragraph of that Article.

Output: Council Decision amending the Rules of the Transport Committee

Input: Member States shall not authorise the use, for the protection of foodstuffs intended for human consumption (hereinafter called 'foodstuffs') against deterioration caused by micro-organisms, of any preservatives other than those listed in the Annex to this Directive. 1. Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that the preservatives for whose use the 1 OJ No 106, 12.7.1963, p. 1923/63.  2 OJ No 161, 27.1.1964, p. 169/64.   Annex lays down certain conditions are used solely in accordance with those conditions.2. Save as otherwise provided in paragraph 1, this Directive shall not affect provisions of national laws specifying the foodstuffs to which the preservatives listed in the Annex may be added and the conditions governing the addition of such preservatives ; however, such provisions must not have the effect of totally excluding the use in foodstuffs of any of the preservatives listed in the Annex. Member States shall authorise the smoking of certain foodstuffs only in smoke produced from wood or woody plants in the natural state, excluding wood or plants which have been impregnated, coloured, gummed, painted or treated in a similar manner, and provided that such smoking does not create any risk to human health. 1. Where the use in foodstuffs of one of the preservatives listed in the Annex, or the level of one or more of the components referred to in Article 7 contained in such preservative, might endanger human health, a Member State may, for a maximum period of one year, suspend the authorisation to use that preservative or reduce the maximum authorised level of one or more of the components in question. It shall inform the other Member States and the Commission thereof within one month.2. The Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, shall decide without delay whether the list given in the Annex should be amended and, if so, adopt by directive the necessary amendments. The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, may also, if necessary, extend for a maximum of one year the period set in the first sentence of paragraph 1. By way of derogation from Article 1, Member States may:    (a) for a period of three years following notification of this Directive, maintain in force the provisions of their national laws relating to the use in foodstuffs of formic acid and its salts, boric acid and its salts, organo-borated compounds and hexamethylene-tetramine;(b) until 31 December 1965 maintain in force the provisions of their national laws relating to the surface treatment of citrus fruit with diphenyl, orthophenylphenol and sodium orthophenylphenate. This Directive shall not affect the provisions of national laws concerning:    (a) products used as foodstuffs but which may also have preservative properties, for example vinegar, sodium chloride, ethanol, edible oils, and sugars in particular;(b) nisin;(c) products used for coating foodstuffs;(d) products used to protect plants and plant products against harmful organisms;(e) anti-microbial products used for the treatment of drinking water;(f) antioxidants. Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that the preservatives listed in the Annex and intended for use in foodstuffs satisfy:    (a) the following general criteria of purity:      - they must contain not more than 3 mg/kg of arsenic and not more than 10 mg/kg of lead;- they must contain not more than 50 mg/kg of copper and zinc taken together, of which the zinc content must not be higher than 25 mg/kg, nor must they contain any measurable trace of toxicologically dangerous elements, in particular other heavy metals, always subject however to any exceptions implicit in the specific criteria referred to in subparagraph (b);(b) the specific criteria of purity laid down where appropriate and in accordance with Article 8 (1). 1. The Council shall, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, lay down by directive the specific criteria of purity referred to in Article 7 (b).2. After consulting the Member States, the Commission shall establish by directive the methods of analysis needed to verify that the general and specific criteria referred to in Article 7 are satisfied. 1. The Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that the preservatives listed in the Annex and intended for use in foodstuffs are placed on the market only if their packagings or containers bear the following information:    (a) the name and address of the manufacturer, or of a seller responsible within the meaning of the laws of the Member State in which he is resident ; a person importing a product from a third country shall be treated as the manufacturer;(b) the number and name of the preservative as they are given in the Annex;(c) the words 'for foodstuffs (restricted use)';(d) in the case of a mixture composed of preservatives and other products, the percentage of the preservative and the name of the mixture.2. If the information required under paragraph 1 appears on the packagings or containers, and if the information required under paragraphs (b) and (c) is given in two of the official languages of the Community, one of Germanic and the other of Latin origin, Member States shall not prohibit the introduction into their territory and the placing on the market of preservatives listed in the Annex solely on the grounds that they consider the labelling inadequate. 01. This Directive shall also apply to preservatives intended for use in foodstuffs and to foodstuffs imported into the Community.2. This Directive shall not apply to preservatives and foodstuffs intended for exportation from the Community. 11. Member States shall, within a period of one year following notification of this Directive, amend their laws in accordance with the above provisions and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. The laws thus amended shall apply to preservatives and foodstuffs placed on the market in Member States not later than two years after that notification.2. Where Article 5 (a) is applicable the date of expiry of the period set in that Article shall be substituted for the date of notification referred to in paragraph 1. 2This Directive shall also apply in the French overseas departments. 3This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning the preservatives authorized for use in foodstuffs intended for human consumption

Input: 1. Member States, acting in accordance with the provisions hereinafter laid down, shall adopt the following transitional measures in respect of establishment or provision of services in their territories by natural persons or companies or firms covered by Title I of the General Programmes wishing to engage in activities in wholesale trade or as intermediaries in commerce, industry and small craft industries.2. The activities in question are those covered by the Council Directive of 25 February 1964 concerning the attainment of freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in respect of activities in wholesale trade and by the Council Directive of 25 February 1964 concerning the attainment of freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in respect of activities of intermediaries in commerce, industry and small craft industries. Where, in a Member State, the taking up or pursuit of any activity referred to in Article 1 (2) is dependent on the possession of general commercial or professional knowledge, that Member State shall accept as sufficient evidence of such knowledge the fact that the activity in question has been pursued in another Member State for a period of three consecutive years either in an independent capacity or in a managerial capacity, on condition that such activity shall not have ceased more than two years before the date when the application provided for in Article 4 (2) is made. 1. Where, in a Member State, the taking up or pursuit of any activity referred to in Article 1 (2) is not subject to the possession of general, commercial, or professional knowledge, and where that State faces serious and damaging consequences as a result of the application of the Council Directive referred to in Article 1 (2), that Member State may request from the Commission authorisation, for a limited period and in respect of one or more specified activities, to require from nationals of other Member States who wish to pursue those activities in its territory proof that they possess the qualifications required for the pursuit of such activities, either in an independent capacity or in a managerial capacity, in the country whence they come.Use shall not be made of this power in respect of a person who comes from a country which does not make the taking up of the activity in question subject to proof of particular knowledge, or in respect of a person who has lived in the host country for at least five years.2. On receipt of a request from the Member State concerned stating the reasons on which it is based, the Commission shall forthwith specify the conditions on which the authorisation provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article will be granted and lay down detailed rules concerning its implementation. 1. A person shall be regarded as having pursued an activity in a managerial capacity within the meaning of Articles 2 and 3 if he has pursued such activity in an industrial or commercial undertaking in the field in question:    (a) as manager of an undertaking or manager of a branch of an undertaking ; or(b) as deputy to the proprietor or to the manager of an undertaking, where such post involves responsibility equivalent to that of the proprietor or manager represented.2. Proof that the conditions laid down in Article 2 or in Article 3 (1) are satisfied shall be established by certificates issued by the competent authority or body in the country whence the person concerned comes, which such person shall submit in support of his application for authorisation to pursue the activity or activities in question in the host country.3. Member States shall, within the time limit laid down in Article 6, designate the authorities and bodies competent to issue these certificates and shall forthwith inform the other Member States and the Commission thereof. The provisions of this Directive shall remain applicable until the entry into force of provisions relating to the co-ordination of national rules concerning the taking up and pursuit of the activities in question. Member States shall adopt the measures necessary to comply with this Directive within six months of its notification and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive are communicated to the Commission. This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Council Directive laying down detailed provisions concerning transitional measures in respect of activities in wholesale trade and activities of intermediaries in commerce, industry and small craft industries

Input: Member States shall abolish, in respect of the natural persons and companies or firms covered by Title I of the General Programmes for the abolition of restrictions on freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services the restrictions referred to in Title III of those General Programmes affecting the right to take up and pursue the activities specified in Article 2 of this Directive. The provisions of this Directive shall apply:    1. to activities of self-employed persons in reinsurance and retrocession falling within Group ex 630  1 OJ No 2, 15.1.1962, p. 36/62.  2 OJ No 2, 15.1.1962, p. 32/62.  3 OJ No 33, 4.3.1963, p. 482/63.  4 OJ No 56, 4.4.1963, p. 882/64.  in Annex I to the General Programme for the abolition of restrictions on freedom of establishment;2. in the special case of natural persons, companies or firms referred to in Article 1 which deal both in direct insurance and in reinsurance and retrocession, to that part of their activities which is concerned with reinsurance and retrocession. Article 1 shall apply in particular to restrictions arising out of the following provisions:    (a) with regard to freedom of establishment:  - in the Federal Republic of Germany      (1) Versicherungsaufsichtsgesetz of 6 June 1931, last sentence of Article 106 (2), and Article 111 (2), whereby the Federal Minister of Economic Affairs is given discretionary powers to impose on foreign nationals conditions for taking up activities in insurance and to prohibit such nationals from pursuing such activities in the territory of the Federal Republic;(2) Gewerbeordnung, paragraph 12, and Law of 30 January 1937, Article 292, whereby foreign companies and firms are required to obtain prior authorisation;- in the Kingdom of BelgiumArrêté royal No 62 of 16 November 1939 and Arrêté ministériel of 17 December 1945, which require the possession of a carte professionelle;- in the French Republic      (1) Décret-loi of 12 November 1938 and Décret of 2 February 1939, both as amended by the Law of 8 October 1940, which require the possession of a carte d'identité de commerçant;(2) Second paragraph of Article 2 of the Law of 15 February 1917, as amended and supplemented by Décret-loi of 30 October 1935, which requires that special authorisation be obtained;- in the Grand Duchy of LuxembourgLaw of 2 June 1962, Articles 19 and 21 (Mémorial A No 31 of 19 June 1962).(b) with regard to freedom to provide services:  - in the French RepublicLaw of 15 February 1917, as amended by Décret-loi of 30 October 1935, namely:      (1) The second paragraph of Article 1, which empowers the Minister of Finance to draw up a list of specified undertakings, or of undertakings of a specified country, with which no contract for reinsurance or retrocession of any risk in respect of any person, property or liability in France may be concluded;(2) the last paragraph of Article 1, which prohibits the acceptance of reinsurance or of retrocession risks insured by the undertakings referred to in (b) (1) above;(3) the first paragraph of Article 2, which requires that the name of the person referred to in that Article must be submitted to the Minister of Finance for approval;- in the Republic of ItalyThe second paragraph of Article 73 of the consolidated text approved by Decreto No 449 of 13 February 1959, which empowers the Minister of Industry and Commerce to prohibit the transfer of reinsurance or retrocession risks to specified foreign undertakings which have not established legal representation in Italian territory. Member States shall adopt the measures necessary to comply with this Directive within six months of its notification and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Council Directive on activities of self-employed persons in reinsurance and retrocession falling within certains group

Input: The specific criteria of purity referred to in Article 7 (b) of the Directive of 5 November 1963 are given in the Annex to this Directive. Member States shall so amend their laws in accordance with the provisions of Article 1 that by 1 June 1966 the new measures apply to preservatives placed on the market. This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Addressing the member states

Input: This Regulation lays down rules for fixing and granting refunds on the products listed in Article 1 of Regulation (EEC) No 804/68 exported in the state referred to therein. The following shall be taken into account when refunds are being fixed:    (a) the existing situation and the future trend with regard to:      - prices and availabilities of milk and milk products on the Community market;- prices for milk and milk products in international trade;  1OJ No L 148, 28.6.1968, p. 13.(b) marketing costs and the most favourable transport charges from Community markets to ports and other points of export in the Community, as well as costs incurred in placing the goods on the market of the country of destination;(c) the aims of the common organisation of the market in milk and milk products, which are to ensure equilibrium and the natural development of prices and trade on this market;(d) the need to avoid disturbances on the Community market;(e) the economic aspect of the proposed exports. 1. When prices within the Community are being determined the ruling prices which are the most favourable from the exportation point of view shall be taken into account.2. When prices in international trade are being determined particular account shall be taken of:    (a) prices ruling on third country markets;(b) the most favourable prices in third countries of destination for third country imports;(c) producer prices recorded in exporting third countries, account being taken, where appropriate, of subsidies granted by those countries ; and(d) free-at-Community-frontier offer prices. Where the world market situation or the specific requirements of certain markets make this necessary, the refund for the Community may be varied according to the destination of the products listed in Article 1 of Regulation (EEC) No 804/68. 1. The list of products on which an export refund is granted and the amount of such refund shall be fixed at least once every four weeks.The amount of the refund may, however, remain at the same level for more than four weeks.2. Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 3, the amount of the export refund on the products listed in Article 1 of Regulation (EEC) No 804/68 shall be that applicable on the day of exportation.3. The amount of the refund may be fixed in advance.In that event, if the party concerned so requests when applying for the licence, the refund applicable on the day on which the application for a licence is lodged shall be applied to exports effected during the period of validity of the licence.The refund fixed in advance shall however be adjusted:    (a) on the basis of the threshold price in force at the time of exportation for the pilot product of the group to which the product in question belongs, and(b) on the basis of the aid applicable at the time of exportation for products entitled to aid and for those in which such products are incorporated.The provisions of the preceding subparagraphs may be applied in whole or in part to each of the products listed in Article 1 of Regulation (EEC) No 804/68.The pilot products and product groups referred to in the third subparagraph are those set out in Annex I to Regulation (EEC) No 823/68 1. 1. The refund shall be paid upon proof:    - that the products have been exported from the Community, and- that the products are of Community origin, except where the provisions of Article 7 apply.2. Where Article 4 applies, the refund shall be paid under the conditions laid down in paragraph 1, provided it is proved that the product has reached the destination for which the refund was fixed.Exceptions may be made to this rule in accordance with the procedure referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article, provided conditions are laid down which offer equivalent guarantees.3. Additional provisions may be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 30 of Regulation (EEC) No 804/68. 1. No export refund shall be granted on products listed in Article 1 of Regulation (EEC) No 804/68 which are imported from third countries and re-exported to third countries, unless the exporter proves:    - that the product to be exported and the product previously imported are one and the same, and- that the levy was collected on importation.2. In such cases the refund on each product shall be equal to the levy collected on importation where  1OJ No L 151, 30.6.1968, p. 3.this levy is equal to or lower than the refund applicable on the day of exportation ; the refund shall be equal to the refund applicable on the day of exportation where the levy collected on importation is higher than this refund. This Regulation shall enter into force on 4 July 1968.It shall apply from 29 July 1968.This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Output: Regulation laying down general rules for granting export refunds on milk and milk products and criteria for fixing the amount of such refunds

The Commission shall take into account the following when determining the amount of the refund: (a) the price of milk and milk products on the Community market; (b) the price of the products in third countries of destination for third country imports; (c) the price of the products in the pilot product of the group to which the product in question belongs; (d) the economic aspect of the proposed exports; (e) the need to avoid disturbances on the Community market;


In this task, you are provided with an article about the legal acts. Your task is to generate a headline for that article.

Input: Articles 52 to 58 of the Treaty shall apply to the French overseas departments under the conditions laid down in this Decision.At the time when the directives implementing the General Programme for the Abolition of Restrictions on Freedom of Establishment are adopted, the Council may as an exception and to the extent necessary issue special directives on the establishment of persons and companies or firms in the French overseas departments. Without prejudice to the implementation of the measures adopted pursuant to the Treaty and to the Implementing Convention of 25 March 1957 and of those to be adopted pursuant to Article 1, the right of establishment in the French overseas departments shall be progressively extended to the companies or firms and nationals of Member States other than France, so that all discrimination may disappear not later than three years after the application of this Decision.The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, shall issue the necessary directives for the implementation of that progressive extension.However, the nationals and companies or firms of a Member State shall only be able to benefit, in respect of a given activity, in a French overseas department from the provisions of the first paragraph to the extent to which the State of which they are nationals grants in respect of the same activity advantages of the same kind to French nationals and companies or firms. The provisions of Article 106 of the Treaty, in so far as they are not affected by the Council Decision of 11 May 1960 on the application to Algeria and to the French overseas departments of the provisions of the Treaty concerning capital movements, shall apply to the French overseas departments. This Decision shall be applied by the Member States on the same date as the Council Decision on the association of the overseas countries and territories with the European Economic Community.That date shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

Output: Council Decision on the application to the French overseas departments of certain provisions of the Treaty relating to the right of establishment and to payments

Explanation: The article discusses about the conditions laid for the French overseas department. This can be observed in multiple sentences of this article.

Input: The Rules of the Transport Committee shall be amended as follows:    A. The following sentence shall be added to the first paragraph of Article 4:'Save for the cases specified in the two following paragraphs, Committee members and their alternates shall remain in office until replaced.'B. The following article shall be added after Article 5:'Article 5aAfter expiry of the term of office of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman, the chair shall be taken, until the election provided for in Article 5, by the oldest of the members referred to in the first paragraph of that Article.

Output: Council Decision amending the Rules of the Transport Committee

Explanation: The first sentence summarizes what this article is about and the rules are laid out after that. These discuss the rules of the transport committee.

Input: Member States shall not authorise the use, for the protection of foodstuffs intended for human consumption (hereinafter called 'foodstuffs') against deterioration caused by micro-organisms, of any preservatives other than those listed in the Annex to this Directive. 1. Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that the preservatives for whose use the 1 OJ No 106, 12.7.1963, p. 1923/63.  2 OJ No 161, 27.1.1964, p. 169/64.   Annex lays down certain conditions are used solely in accordance with those conditions.2. Save as otherwise provided in paragraph 1, this Directive shall not affect provisions of national laws specifying the foodstuffs to which the preservatives listed in the Annex may be added and the conditions governing the addition of such preservatives ; however, such provisions must not have the effect of totally excluding the use in foodstuffs of any of the preservatives listed in the Annex. Member States shall authorise the smoking of certain foodstuffs only in smoke produced from wood or woody plants in the natural state, excluding wood or plants which have been impregnated, coloured, gummed, painted or treated in a similar manner, and provided that such smoking does not create any risk to human health. 1. Where the use in foodstuffs of one of the preservatives listed in the Annex, or the level of one or more of the components referred to in Article 7 contained in such preservative, might endanger human health, a Member State may, for a maximum period of one year, suspend the authorisation to use that preservative or reduce the maximum authorised level of one or more of the components in question. It shall inform the other Member States and the Commission thereof within one month.2. The Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, shall decide without delay whether the list given in the Annex should be amended and, if so, adopt by directive the necessary amendments. The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, may also, if necessary, extend for a maximum of one year the period set in the first sentence of paragraph 1. By way of derogation from Article 1, Member States may:    (a) for a period of three years following notification of this Directive, maintain in force the provisions of their national laws relating to the use in foodstuffs of formic acid and its salts, boric acid and its salts, organo-borated compounds and hexamethylene-tetramine;(b) until 31 December 1965 maintain in force the provisions of their national laws relating to the surface treatment of citrus fruit with diphenyl, orthophenylphenol and sodium orthophenylphenate. This Directive shall not affect the provisions of national laws concerning:    (a) products used as foodstuffs but which may also have preservative properties, for example vinegar, sodium chloride, ethanol, edible oils, and sugars in particular;(b) nisin;(c) products used for coating foodstuffs;(d) products used to protect plants and plant products against harmful organisms;(e) anti-microbial products used for the treatment of drinking water;(f) antioxidants. Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that the preservatives listed in the Annex and intended for use in foodstuffs satisfy:    (a) the following general criteria of purity:      - they must contain not more than 3 mg/kg of arsenic and not more than 10 mg/kg of lead;- they must contain not more than 50 mg/kg of copper and zinc taken together, of which the zinc content must not be higher than 25 mg/kg, nor must they contain any measurable trace of toxicologically dangerous elements, in particular other heavy metals, always subject however to any exceptions implicit in the specific criteria referred to in subparagraph (b);(b) the specific criteria of purity laid down where appropriate and in accordance with Article 8 (1). 1. The Council shall, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, lay down by directive the specific criteria of purity referred to in Article 7 (b).2. After consulting the Member States, the Commission shall establish by directive the methods of analysis needed to verify that the general and specific criteria referred to in Article 7 are satisfied. 1. The Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that the preservatives listed in the Annex and intended for use in foodstuffs are placed on the market only if their packagings or containers bear the following information:    (a) the name and address of the manufacturer, or of a seller responsible within the meaning of the laws of the Member State in which he is resident ; a person importing a product from a third country shall be treated as the manufacturer;(b) the number and name of the preservative as they are given in the Annex;(c) the words 'for foodstuffs (restricted use)';(d) in the case of a mixture composed of preservatives and other products, the percentage of the preservative and the name of the mixture.2. If the information required under paragraph 1 appears on the packagings or containers, and if the information required under paragraphs (b) and (c) is given in two of the official languages of the Community, one of Germanic and the other of Latin origin, Member States shall not prohibit the introduction into their territory and the placing on the market of preservatives listed in the Annex solely on the grounds that they consider the labelling inadequate. 01. This Directive shall also apply to preservatives intended for use in foodstuffs and to foodstuffs imported into the Community.2. This Directive shall not apply to preservatives and foodstuffs intended for exportation from the Community. 11. Member States shall, within a period of one year following notification of this Directive, amend their laws in accordance with the above provisions and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. The laws thus amended shall apply to preservatives and foodstuffs placed on the market in Member States not later than two years after that notification.2. Where Article 5 (a) is applicable the date of expiry of the period set in that Article shall be substituted for the date of notification referred to in paragraph 1. 2This Directive shall also apply in the French overseas departments. 3This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning the preservatives authorized for use in foodstuffs intended for human consumption

Explanation: The first sentence summarizes what this article is about followed by rules are laid out for the same. The discussion is about authorized preservatives used in foodstuffs which are consumed by humans.

Input: 1. Member States, acting in accordance with the provisions hereinafter laid down, shall adopt the following transitional measures in respect of establishment or provision of services in their territories by natural persons or companies or firms covered by Title I of the General Programmes wishing to engage in activities in wholesale trade or as intermediaries in commerce, industry and small craft industries.2. The activities in question are those covered by the Council Directive of 25 February 1964 concerning the attainment of freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in respect of activities in wholesale trade and by the Council Directive of 25 February 1964 concerning the attainment of freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in respect of activities of intermediaries in commerce, industry and small craft industries. Where, in a Member State, the taking up or pursuit of any activity referred to in Article 1 (2) is dependent on the possession of general commercial or professional knowledge, that Member State shall accept as sufficient evidence of such knowledge the fact that the activity in question has been pursued in another Member State for a period of three consecutive years either in an independent capacity or in a managerial capacity, on condition that such activity shall not have ceased more than two years before the date when the application provided for in Article 4 (2) is made. 1. Where, in a Member State, the taking up or pursuit of any activity referred to in Article 1 (2) is not subject to the possession of general, commercial, or professional knowledge, and where that State faces serious and damaging consequences as a result of the application of the Council Directive referred to in Article 1 (2), that Member State may request from the Commission authorisation, for a limited period and in respect of one or more specified activities, to require from nationals of other Member States who wish to pursue those activities in its territory proof that they possess the qualifications required for the pursuit of such activities, either in an independent capacity or in a managerial capacity, in the country whence they come.Use shall not be made of this power in respect of a person who comes from a country which does not make the taking up of the activity in question subject to proof of particular knowledge, or in respect of a person who has lived in the host country for at least five years.2. On receipt of a request from the Member State concerned stating the reasons on which it is based, the Commission shall forthwith specify the conditions on which the authorisation provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article will be granted and lay down detailed rules concerning its implementation. 1. A person shall be regarded as having pursued an activity in a managerial capacity within the meaning of Articles 2 and 3 if he has pursued such activity in an industrial or commercial undertaking in the field in question:    (a) as manager of an undertaking or manager of a branch of an undertaking ; or(b) as deputy to the proprietor or to the manager of an undertaking, where such post involves responsibility equivalent to that of the proprietor or manager represented.2. Proof that the conditions laid down in Article 2 or in Article 3 (1) are satisfied shall be established by certificates issued by the competent authority or body in the country whence the person concerned comes, which such person shall submit in support of his application for authorisation to pursue the activity or activities in question in the host country.3. Member States shall, within the time limit laid down in Article 6, designate the authorities and bodies competent to issue these certificates and shall forthwith inform the other Member States and the Commission thereof. The provisions of this Directive shall remain applicable until the entry into force of provisions relating to the co-ordination of national rules concerning the taking up and pursuit of the activities in question. Member States shall adopt the measures necessary to comply with this Directive within six months of its notification and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive are communicated to the Commission. This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Council Directive laying down detailed provisions concerning transitional measures in respect of activities in wholesale trade and activities of intermediaries in commerce, industry and small craft industries

Explanation: The summary of the passage is introduced right at the top. The discussion is about transitional measures in wholesale trading and activities of intermediaries in commerce, industry and small craft industries.

Input: Member States shall abolish, in respect of the natural persons and companies or firms covered by Title I of the General Programmes for the abolition of restrictions on freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services the restrictions referred to in Title III of those General Programmes affecting the right to take up and pursue the activities specified in Article 2 of this Directive. The provisions of this Directive shall apply:    1. to activities of self-employed persons in reinsurance and retrocession falling within Group ex 630  1 OJ No 2, 15.1.1962, p. 36/62.  2 OJ No 2, 15.1.1962, p. 32/62.  3 OJ No 33, 4.3.1963, p. 482/63.  4 OJ No 56, 4.4.1963, p. 882/64.  in Annex I to the General Programme for the abolition of restrictions on freedom of establishment;2. in the special case of natural persons, companies or firms referred to in Article 1 which deal both in direct insurance and in reinsurance and retrocession, to that part of their activities which is concerned with reinsurance and retrocession. Article 1 shall apply in particular to restrictions arising out of the following provisions:    (a) with regard to freedom of establishment:  - in the Federal Republic of Germany      (1) Versicherungsaufsichtsgesetz of 6 June 1931, last sentence of Article 106 (2), and Article 111 (2), whereby the Federal Minister of Economic Affairs is given discretionary powers to impose on foreign nationals conditions for taking up activities in insurance and to prohibit such nationals from pursuing such activities in the territory of the Federal Republic;(2) Gewerbeordnung, paragraph 12, and Law of 30 January 1937, Article 292, whereby foreign companies and firms are required to obtain prior authorisation;- in the Kingdom of BelgiumArrêté royal No 62 of 16 November 1939 and Arrêté ministériel of 17 December 1945, which require the possession of a carte professionelle;- in the French Republic      (1) Décret-loi of 12 November 1938 and Décret of 2 February 1939, both as amended by the Law of 8 October 1940, which require the possession of a carte d'identité de commerçant;(2) Second paragraph of Article 2 of the Law of 15 February 1917, as amended and supplemented by Décret-loi of 30 October 1935, which requires that special authorisation be obtained;- in the Grand Duchy of LuxembourgLaw of 2 June 1962, Articles 19 and 21 (Mémorial A No 31 of 19 June 1962).(b) with regard to freedom to provide services:  - in the French RepublicLaw of 15 February 1917, as amended by Décret-loi of 30 October 1935, namely:      (1) The second paragraph of Article 1, which empowers the Minister of Finance to draw up a list of specified undertakings, or of undertakings of a specified country, with which no contract for reinsurance or retrocession of any risk in respect of any person, property or liability in France may be concluded;(2) the last paragraph of Article 1, which prohibits the acceptance of reinsurance or of retrocession risks insured by the undertakings referred to in (b) (1) above;(3) the first paragraph of Article 2, which requires that the name of the person referred to in that Article must be submitted to the Minister of Finance for approval;- in the Republic of ItalyThe second paragraph of Article 73 of the consolidated text approved by Decreto No 449 of 13 February 1959, which empowers the Minister of Industry and Commerce to prohibit the transfer of reinsurance or retrocession risks to specified foreign undertakings which have not established legal representation in Italian territory. Member States shall adopt the measures necessary to comply with this Directive within six months of its notification and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Council Directive on activities of self-employed persons in reinsurance and retrocession falling within certains group

Explanation: Though the article does talk about the activities of self-employed persons in reinsurance and retrocession, it is only a small portion in the whole article. Summary would be something generic on the lines of Council Directive on the abolition of restrictions on freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in respect of reinsurance and retrocession

Input: The specific criteria of purity referred to in Article 7 (b) of the Directive of 5 November 1963 are given in the Annex to this Directive. Member States shall so amend their laws in accordance with the provisions of Article 1 that by 1 June 1966 the new measures apply to preservatives placed on the market. This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Addressing the member states

Explanation: The information about the directive is more important than on whom it is being addressed to. Hence the suitable title would be Council Directive laying down new measures for preservatives.

Input: 1. Member States, acting in accordance with the provisions hereinafter laid down, shall adopt the following transitional measures in respect of establishment or provision of services in their territories by natural persons or companies or firms covered by Title I of the General Programmes (hereinafter called 'beneficiaries') wishing to engage in the activities of self-employed persons referred to in paragraph 2.2. The activities in question are those covered by the Council Directive of 15 October 1968 concerning the attainment of freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in respect of activities of self-employed persons in the personal services sector (ISIC ex Major Group 85) ; 1 : Restaurants, cafes, taverns and other drinking and eating places (ISIC Group 852) ; 2 : Hotels, rooming houses, camps and other lodging places (ISIC Group 853). Where, according to the laws of a Member State, certain activities fall not within the personal services sector but rather within the food manufacturing and beverage industries, the appropriate Directive laying down detailed provisions concerning transitional measures in the field in question shall apply to those activities in that Member State. Member States in which the taking up or pursuit of any activity referred to in Article 1 (2) is subject to possession of certain qualifications shall ensure that any beneficiary who applies therefor be provided, before he establishes himself or before he begins to pursue any activity on a temporary basis, with information as to the rules governing the occupation which he proposes to pursue. 1. Where, in a Member State, the taking up or pursuit of any activity referred to in Article 1 (2) is dependent on the possession of general, commercial or professional knowledge and ability, that Member State shall accept as sufficient evidence of such knowledge and ability the fact that the activity in question has been pursued in another Member State for any of the following periods:    (a) three consecutive years either in an independent capacity or in a managerial capacity ; or(b) two consecutive years either in an independent capacity or in a managerial capacity, where the beneficiary can prove that for the occupation in question he has received previous training, attested by a certificate recognised by the State, or regarded by the competent professional or trade body as fully satisfying its requirements ; or(c) two consecutive years in an independent capacity or in a managerial capacity, where the beneficiary can prove that he has pursued the occupation in question for at least three years in a non-independent capacity ; or  1OJ No L 260, 22.10.1968, p. 9.(d) three consecutive years in a non-independent capacity, where the beneficiary can prove that for the occupation in question he has received previous training, attested by a certificate recognised by the State, or regarded by the competent professional or trade body as fully satisfying its requirements.The host Member State may require of nationals of other Member States, in so far as it so requires of its own nationals, that the activity in question should have been pursued, and vocational training received, in the branch of trade in the host country in which the beneficiary wishes to establish himself.2. In the cases referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (c) of paragraph 1 pursuit of the activity shall not have ceased more than ten years before the date when the application provided for in Article 6 (2) is made. However, where a shorter period is laid down in a Member State for its nationals, that period may also be applied in respect of beneficiaries. 1. Where, in a Member State, the taking up or pursuit of any activity referred to in Article 1 (2) is not subject to the possession of general, commercial or professional knowledge or ability, that State may, if serious difficulties result from the application of the Council Directive referred to in Article 1 (2), request from the Commission authorisation, for a limited period and in respect of one or more specified activities, to require from nationals of other Member States who wish to pursue those activities in its territory proof that they possess the qualifications required for the pursuit of such activities, either in an independent capacity or in a managerial capacity, in the country whence they come.Use shall not be made of this power in respect of a person who comes from a country which does not make the taking up of the activity in question subject to proof of particular knowledge, or in respect of a person who has lived in the host country for at least five years.2. On receipt of a request from the Member State concerned stating the reasons on which it is based, the Commission shall forthwith specify the conditions on which the authorisation provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article will be granted and lay down detailed rules concerning its implementation. 1. A person shall be regarded as having pursued an activity in a managerial capacity within the meaning of Articles 4 and 5 if he has pursued such activity in an industrial or commercial undertaking in the field in question:    (a) as manager of an undertaking or manager of a branch of an undertaking ; or(b) as deputy to the proprietor or to the manager of an undertaking, where such post involves responsibility equivalent to that of the proprietor or manager represented ; or(c) in a managerial post with duties of a type normally pertaining to the occupation in question and with responsibility for one or more departments of the undertaking.2. Proof that the conditions laid down in Article 4 (1) or in Article 5 (1) are satisfied shall be established by certificates issued by the competent authority or body in the country whence the person concerned comes, which such person shall submit in support of his application for authorisation to pursue the activity or activities in question in the host country.3. Member States shall, within the time limit laid down in Article 8, designate the authorities and bodies competent to issue these certificates and shall forthwith inform the other Member States and the Commission thereof. The provisions of this Directive shall remain applicable until the entry into force of provisions relating to the co-ordination of national rules concerning the taking up and pursuit of the activities in question. Member States shall adopt the measures necessary to comply with this Directive within six months of its notification and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive are communicated to the Commission. 0This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Council Directive laying down detailed provisions concerning transitional measures in respect of activities of self-employed persons in the personal services sector (ISIC ex Major Group 85): 1. Restaurants, cafes, taverns and other drinking and eating places (ISIC Group 852), 2. Hotels, rooming houses, camps and other lodging places (ISIC Group 853)

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The Commission shall, in the case of a Member State, require from nationals of other Member States, in so far as it so requires of its own nationals, that the activity in question should have been pursued, and vocational training received, in the branch of trade in the host country in which the beneficiary wishes to establish himself ; or 1OJ No L 260, 22.10.1968, p. 9


Input: Articles 52 to 58 of the Treaty shall apply to the French overseas departments under the conditions laid down in this Decision.At the time when the directives implementing the General Programme for the Abolition of Restrictions on Freedom of Establishment are adopted, the Council may as an exception and to the extent necessary issue special directives on the establishment of persons and companies or firms in the French overseas departments. Without prejudice to the implementation of the measures adopted pursuant to the Treaty and to the Implementing Convention of 25 March 1957 and of those to be adopted pursuant to Article 1, the right of establishment in the French overseas departments shall be progressively extended to the companies or firms and nationals of Member States other than France, so that all discrimination may disappear not later than three years after the application of this Decision.The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, shall issue the necessary directives for the implementation of that progressive extension.However, the nationals and companies or firms of a Member State shall only be able to benefit, in respect of a given activity, in a French overseas department from the provisions of the first paragraph to the extent to which the State of which they are nationals grants in respect of the same activity advantages of the same kind to French nationals and companies or firms. The provisions of Article 106 of the Treaty, in so far as they are not affected by the Council Decision of 11 May 1960 on the application to Algeria and to the French overseas departments of the provisions of the Treaty concerning capital movements, shall apply to the French overseas departments. This Decision shall be applied by the Member States on the same date as the Council Decision on the association of the overseas countries and territories with the European Economic Community.That date shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

Output: Council Decision on the application to the French overseas departments of certain provisions of the Treaty relating to the right of establishment and to payments

Input: The Rules of the Transport Committee shall be amended as follows:    A. The following sentence shall be added to the first paragraph of Article 4:'Save for the cases specified in the two following paragraphs, Committee members and their alternates shall remain in office until replaced.'B. The following article shall be added after Article 5:'Article 5aAfter expiry of the term of office of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman, the chair shall be taken, until the election provided for in Article 5, by the oldest of the members referred to in the first paragraph of that Article.

Output: Council Decision amending the Rules of the Transport Committee

Input: Member States shall not authorise the use, for the protection of foodstuffs intended for human consumption (hereinafter called 'foodstuffs') against deterioration caused by micro-organisms, of any preservatives other than those listed in the Annex to this Directive. 1. Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that the preservatives for whose use the 1 OJ No 106, 12.7.1963, p. 1923/63.  2 OJ No 161, 27.1.1964, p. 169/64.   Annex lays down certain conditions are used solely in accordance with those conditions.2. Save as otherwise provided in paragraph 1, this Directive shall not affect provisions of national laws specifying the foodstuffs to which the preservatives listed in the Annex may be added and the conditions governing the addition of such preservatives ; however, such provisions must not have the effect of totally excluding the use in foodstuffs of any of the preservatives listed in the Annex. Member States shall authorise the smoking of certain foodstuffs only in smoke produced from wood or woody plants in the natural state, excluding wood or plants which have been impregnated, coloured, gummed, painted or treated in a similar manner, and provided that such smoking does not create any risk to human health. 1. Where the use in foodstuffs of one of the preservatives listed in the Annex, or the level of one or more of the components referred to in Article 7 contained in such preservative, might endanger human health, a Member State may, for a maximum period of one year, suspend the authorisation to use that preservative or reduce the maximum authorised level of one or more of the components in question. It shall inform the other Member States and the Commission thereof within one month.2. The Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, shall decide without delay whether the list given in the Annex should be amended and, if so, adopt by directive the necessary amendments. The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, may also, if necessary, extend for a maximum of one year the period set in the first sentence of paragraph 1. By way of derogation from Article 1, Member States may:    (a) for a period of three years following notification of this Directive, maintain in force the provisions of their national laws relating to the use in foodstuffs of formic acid and its salts, boric acid and its salts, organo-borated compounds and hexamethylene-tetramine;(b) until 31 December 1965 maintain in force the provisions of their national laws relating to the surface treatment of citrus fruit with diphenyl, orthophenylphenol and sodium orthophenylphenate. This Directive shall not affect the provisions of national laws concerning:    (a) products used as foodstuffs but which may also have preservative properties, for example vinegar, sodium chloride, ethanol, edible oils, and sugars in particular;(b) nisin;(c) products used for coating foodstuffs;(d) products used to protect plants and plant products against harmful organisms;(e) anti-microbial products used for the treatment of drinking water;(f) antioxidants. Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that the preservatives listed in the Annex and intended for use in foodstuffs satisfy:    (a) the following general criteria of purity:      - they must contain not more than 3 mg/kg of arsenic and not more than 10 mg/kg of lead;- they must contain not more than 50 mg/kg of copper and zinc taken together, of which the zinc content must not be higher than 25 mg/kg, nor must they contain any measurable trace of toxicologically dangerous elements, in particular other heavy metals, always subject however to any exceptions implicit in the specific criteria referred to in subparagraph (b);(b) the specific criteria of purity laid down where appropriate and in accordance with Article 8 (1). 1. The Council shall, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, lay down by directive the specific criteria of purity referred to in Article 7 (b).2. After consulting the Member States, the Commission shall establish by directive the methods of analysis needed to verify that the general and specific criteria referred to in Article 7 are satisfied. 1. The Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that the preservatives listed in the Annex and intended for use in foodstuffs are placed on the market only if their packagings or containers bear the following information:    (a) the name and address of the manufacturer, or of a seller responsible within the meaning of the laws of the Member State in which he is resident ; a person importing a product from a third country shall be treated as the manufacturer;(b) the number and name of the preservative as they are given in the Annex;(c) the words 'for foodstuffs (restricted use)';(d) in the case of a mixture composed of preservatives and other products, the percentage of the preservative and the name of the mixture.2. If the information required under paragraph 1 appears on the packagings or containers, and if the information required under paragraphs (b) and (c) is given in two of the official languages of the Community, one of Germanic and the other of Latin origin, Member States shall not prohibit the introduction into their territory and the placing on the market of preservatives listed in the Annex solely on the grounds that they consider the labelling inadequate. 01. This Directive shall also apply to preservatives intended for use in foodstuffs and to foodstuffs imported into the Community.2. This Directive shall not apply to preservatives and foodstuffs intended for exportation from the Community. 11. Member States shall, within a period of one year following notification of this Directive, amend their laws in accordance with the above provisions and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. The laws thus amended shall apply to preservatives and foodstuffs placed on the market in Member States not later than two years after that notification.2. Where Article 5 (a) is applicable the date of expiry of the period set in that Article shall be substituted for the date of notification referred to in paragraph 1. 2This Directive shall also apply in the French overseas departments. 3This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning the preservatives authorized for use in foodstuffs intended for human consumption

Input: 1. Member States, acting in accordance with the provisions hereinafter laid down, shall adopt the following transitional measures in respect of establishment or provision of services in their territories by natural persons or companies or firms covered by Title I of the General Programmes wishing to engage in activities in wholesale trade or as intermediaries in commerce, industry and small craft industries.2. The activities in question are those covered by the Council Directive of 25 February 1964 concerning the attainment of freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in respect of activities in wholesale trade and by the Council Directive of 25 February 1964 concerning the attainment of freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in respect of activities of intermediaries in commerce, industry and small craft industries. Where, in a Member State, the taking up or pursuit of any activity referred to in Article 1 (2) is dependent on the possession of general commercial or professional knowledge, that Member State shall accept as sufficient evidence of such knowledge the fact that the activity in question has been pursued in another Member State for a period of three consecutive years either in an independent capacity or in a managerial capacity, on condition that such activity shall not have ceased more than two years before the date when the application provided for in Article 4 (2) is made. 1. Where, in a Member State, the taking up or pursuit of any activity referred to in Article 1 (2) is not subject to the possession of general, commercial, or professional knowledge, and where that State faces serious and damaging consequences as a result of the application of the Council Directive referred to in Article 1 (2), that Member State may request from the Commission authorisation, for a limited period and in respect of one or more specified activities, to require from nationals of other Member States who wish to pursue those activities in its territory proof that they possess the qualifications required for the pursuit of such activities, either in an independent capacity or in a managerial capacity, in the country whence they come.Use shall not be made of this power in respect of a person who comes from a country which does not make the taking up of the activity in question subject to proof of particular knowledge, or in respect of a person who has lived in the host country for at least five years.2. On receipt of a request from the Member State concerned stating the reasons on which it is based, the Commission shall forthwith specify the conditions on which the authorisation provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article will be granted and lay down detailed rules concerning its implementation. 1. A person shall be regarded as having pursued an activity in a managerial capacity within the meaning of Articles 2 and 3 if he has pursued such activity in an industrial or commercial undertaking in the field in question:    (a) as manager of an undertaking or manager of a branch of an undertaking ; or(b) as deputy to the proprietor or to the manager of an undertaking, where such post involves responsibility equivalent to that of the proprietor or manager represented.2. Proof that the conditions laid down in Article 2 or in Article 3 (1) are satisfied shall be established by certificates issued by the competent authority or body in the country whence the person concerned comes, which such person shall submit in support of his application for authorisation to pursue the activity or activities in question in the host country.3. Member States shall, within the time limit laid down in Article 6, designate the authorities and bodies competent to issue these certificates and shall forthwith inform the other Member States and the Commission thereof. The provisions of this Directive shall remain applicable until the entry into force of provisions relating to the co-ordination of national rules concerning the taking up and pursuit of the activities in question. Member States shall adopt the measures necessary to comply with this Directive within six months of its notification and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive are communicated to the Commission. This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Council Directive laying down detailed provisions concerning transitional measures in respect of activities in wholesale trade and activities of intermediaries in commerce, industry and small craft industries

Input: Member States shall abolish, in respect of the natural persons and companies or firms covered by Title I of the General Programmes for the abolition of restrictions on freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services the restrictions referred to in Title III of those General Programmes affecting the right to take up and pursue the activities specified in Article 2 of this Directive. The provisions of this Directive shall apply:    1. to activities of self-employed persons in reinsurance and retrocession falling within Group ex 630  1 OJ No 2, 15.1.1962, p. 36/62.  2 OJ No 2, 15.1.1962, p. 32/62.  3 OJ No 33, 4.3.1963, p. 482/63.  4 OJ No 56, 4.4.1963, p. 882/64.  in Annex I to the General Programme for the abolition of restrictions on freedom of establishment;2. in the special case of natural persons, companies or firms referred to in Article 1 which deal both in direct insurance and in reinsurance and retrocession, to that part of their activities which is concerned with reinsurance and retrocession. Article 1 shall apply in particular to restrictions arising out of the following provisions:    (a) with regard to freedom of establishment:  - in the Federal Republic of Germany      (1) Versicherungsaufsichtsgesetz of 6 June 1931, last sentence of Article 106 (2), and Article 111 (2), whereby the Federal Minister of Economic Affairs is given discretionary powers to impose on foreign nationals conditions for taking up activities in insurance and to prohibit such nationals from pursuing such activities in the territory of the Federal Republic;(2) Gewerbeordnung, paragraph 12, and Law of 30 January 1937, Article 292, whereby foreign companies and firms are required to obtain prior authorisation;- in the Kingdom of BelgiumArrêté royal No 62 of 16 November 1939 and Arrêté ministériel of 17 December 1945, which require the possession of a carte professionelle;- in the French Republic      (1) Décret-loi of 12 November 1938 and Décret of 2 February 1939, both as amended by the Law of 8 October 1940, which require the possession of a carte d'identité de commerçant;(2) Second paragraph of Article 2 of the Law of 15 February 1917, as amended and supplemented by Décret-loi of 30 October 1935, which requires that special authorisation be obtained;- in the Grand Duchy of LuxembourgLaw of 2 June 1962, Articles 19 and 21 (Mémorial A No 31 of 19 June 1962).(b) with regard to freedom to provide services:  - in the French RepublicLaw of 15 February 1917, as amended by Décret-loi of 30 October 1935, namely:      (1) The second paragraph of Article 1, which empowers the Minister of Finance to draw up a list of specified undertakings, or of undertakings of a specified country, with which no contract for reinsurance or retrocession of any risk in respect of any person, property or liability in France may be concluded;(2) the last paragraph of Article 1, which prohibits the acceptance of reinsurance or of retrocession risks insured by the undertakings referred to in (b) (1) above;(3) the first paragraph of Article 2, which requires that the name of the person referred to in that Article must be submitted to the Minister of Finance for approval;- in the Republic of ItalyThe second paragraph of Article 73 of the consolidated text approved by Decreto No 449 of 13 February 1959, which empowers the Minister of Industry and Commerce to prohibit the transfer of reinsurance or retrocession risks to specified foreign undertakings which have not established legal representation in Italian territory. Member States shall adopt the measures necessary to comply with this Directive within six months of its notification and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Council Directive on activities of self-employed persons in reinsurance and retrocession falling within certains group

Input: The specific criteria of purity referred to in Article 7 (b) of the Directive of 5 November 1963 are given in the Annex to this Directive. Member States shall so amend their laws in accordance with the provisions of Article 1 that by 1 June 1966 the new measures apply to preservatives placed on the market. This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Output: Addressing the member states

Input: The common quality standards for cauliflowers, tomatoes, apples and pears, peaches, citrus fruits and table grapes shall be supplemented by the addition of a further quality class described as 'Class III'.Class III is defined for each product in the Annexes to this Regulation. This Regulation shall enter into force on 1 January 1967.This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Output: Regulation adding a supplementary quality class to the common quality standards for certain fruits and vegetables

The common quality standards for cauliflowers, tomatoes, apples and pears, peaches, citrus fruits and table grapes shall be supplemented by a further quality class described as Class III.


Explanation:
Textual Entailment
Commonsense Reasoning
Causal Reasoning

In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".

Input: Premise: Ockleton, Morpurgo, Cornelius, Dysart and half a dozen others too drunk to mention. But there was so much coming and going that any one of us could have slipped out, pushed Everett through the window and slipped back again without being noticed. Damn it all we didn't even notice Everett was missing until a porter tripped over him in the quad so anything's theoretically possible. <sep> Hypothesis: Everett was missing

Output: Entailment

Explanation: This is a good example. Everett was missing. So, the hypothesis sentence entails the given premise.

Input: Premise: I should dearly have liked to know whether they were Europeans or Americans, but I couldn't hear the accents. They appeared to be arguing. I hoped the white men weren't telling him to eliminate all witnesses because I don't believe it would have needed much persuasion. <sep> Hypothesis: eliminating all witnesses would have needed much persuasion

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The speaker doesn't believe eliminating all witnesses would have needed much persuasion. In this example hypothesis sentence contradicts the given premise.

Input: Premise: B: All right, well. A: Um, short term, I don't think anything's going to be done about it or probably should be done about it. B: Right.  Uh, are you saying you don't think anything should be done in the short term? <sep> Hypothesis: anything should be done in the short term

Output: Neutral

Explanation: In this example we don't know anything should be done in the short term or not. So, hypothesis sentence is neutral with respect to a given premise.

Input: Premise: B: If, uh, you've some kid uh, who's from a broken family, the schools are supposed to fill that void. It's gotten way beyond uh, you know, teaching classes and maybe providing extracurricular sports activities or something like, oh, were kind of traditionally the school's roles. A: Yeah.  Yeah, it's interesting because, uh, we're just having conversation on this, uh, with a couple of people yesterday. And I was expressing my frustrations that, uh, so many problems, I work in a high school, are that kids don't have a degree of self-discipline which may be reflected in society at large. Uh, and you can't expect in a classroom for a particular course an hour a day to counteract, uh, sixteen or seventeen years of influence at home. B: Right. A: Um, and, it's seen more so because when you call parents up, many parents won't even recognize that there is a problem <sep> Hypothesis: there is a problem

Output: Neutral

Explanation: The hypothesis sentence entails the given premise sentence and "Neutral" is incorrect.

Input: Premise: A: And, uh, I got to stay home with my kids, which I really wanted to do, but now I could not go back and do it. B: Yeah. A: I really couldn't, I don't think I could stay home all the time and do nothing. <sep> Hypothesis: he could stay home all the time and do nothing

Output: Entailment

Explanation: He couldn't stay home all the time and do nothing. So, the answer should be "Contradiction".

Input: Premise: And I resent what happened to my flat. A couple of guys think they can stake it out and wait for me, rub their filthy fingers on my clothes, piss in my bathroom, and I'm supposed to ignore it. I know what I said about possessions being like leeches but that don't mean I 'll surrender them to a pair of punks. <sep> Hypothesis: he will surrender his possessions to a pair of punks

Output: Contradiction


Input: Premise: Ockleton, Morpurgo, Cornelius, Dysart and half a dozen others too drunk to mention. But there was so much coming and going that any one of us could have slipped out, pushed Everett through the window and slipped back again without being noticed. Damn it all we didn't even notice Everett was missing until a porter tripped over him in the quad so anything's theoretically possible. <sep> Hypothesis: Everett was missing

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: I should dearly have liked to know whether they were Europeans or Americans, but I couldn't hear the accents. They appeared to be arguing. I hoped the white men weren't telling him to eliminate all witnesses because I don't believe it would have needed much persuasion. <sep> Hypothesis: eliminating all witnesses would have needed much persuasion

Output: Contradiction

Input: Premise: B: All right, well. A: Um, short term, I don't think anything's going to be done about it or probably should be done about it. B: Right.  Uh, are you saying you don't think anything should be done in the short term? <sep> Hypothesis: anything should be done in the short term

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: B: If, uh, you've some kid uh, who's from a broken family, the schools are supposed to fill that void. It's gotten way beyond uh, you know, teaching classes and maybe providing extracurricular sports activities or something like, oh, were kind of traditionally the school's roles. A: Yeah.  Yeah, it's interesting because, uh, we're just having conversation on this, uh, with a couple of people yesterday. And I was expressing my frustrations that, uh, so many problems, I work in a high school, are that kids don't have a degree of self-discipline which may be reflected in society at large. Uh, and you can't expect in a classroom for a particular course an hour a day to counteract, uh, sixteen or seventeen years of influence at home. B: Right. A: Um, and, it's seen more so because when you call parents up, many parents won't even recognize that there is a problem <sep> Hypothesis: there is a problem

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: A: And, uh, I got to stay home with my kids, which I really wanted to do, but now I could not go back and do it. B: Yeah. A: I really couldn't, I don't think I could stay home all the time and do nothing. <sep> Hypothesis: he could stay home all the time and do nothing

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: ``Clever''. Klug means ``clever''. Would you say that Abie was clever? <sep> Hypothesis: Abie was clever

Output: Neutral


Input: Premise: Ockleton, Morpurgo, Cornelius, Dysart and half a dozen others too drunk to mention. But there was so much coming and going that any one of us could have slipped out, pushed Everett through the window and slipped back again without being noticed. Damn it all we didn't even notice Everett was missing until a porter tripped over him in the quad so anything's theoretically possible. <sep> Hypothesis: Everett was missing

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: I should dearly have liked to know whether they were Europeans or Americans, but I couldn't hear the accents. They appeared to be arguing. I hoped the white men weren't telling him to eliminate all witnesses because I don't believe it would have needed much persuasion. <sep> Hypothesis: eliminating all witnesses would have needed much persuasion

Output: Contradiction

Input: Premise: B: All right, well. A: Um, short term, I don't think anything's going to be done about it or probably should be done about it. B: Right.  Uh, are you saying you don't think anything should be done in the short term? <sep> Hypothesis: anything should be done in the short term

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: B: If, uh, you've some kid uh, who's from a broken family, the schools are supposed to fill that void. It's gotten way beyond uh, you know, teaching classes and maybe providing extracurricular sports activities or something like, oh, were kind of traditionally the school's roles. A: Yeah.  Yeah, it's interesting because, uh, we're just having conversation on this, uh, with a couple of people yesterday. And I was expressing my frustrations that, uh, so many problems, I work in a high school, are that kids don't have a degree of self-discipline which may be reflected in society at large. Uh, and you can't expect in a classroom for a particular course an hour a day to counteract, uh, sixteen or seventeen years of influence at home. B: Right. A: Um, and, it's seen more so because when you call parents up, many parents won't even recognize that there is a problem <sep> Hypothesis: there is a problem

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: A: And, uh, I got to stay home with my kids, which I really wanted to do, but now I could not go back and do it. B: Yeah. A: I really couldn't, I don't think I could stay home all the time and do nothing. <sep> Hypothesis: he could stay home all the time and do nothing

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: A: I, that would have been stupid, B: Yeah. A: and I don't think we did it. Everything else we handled in this seemed to be perfectly right. I don't think they would have done that. <sep> Hypothesis: they would have done that

Output: Contradiction


Input: Premise: Ockleton, Morpurgo, Cornelius, Dysart and half a dozen others too drunk to mention. But there was so much coming and going that any one of us could have slipped out, pushed Everett through the window and slipped back again without being noticed. Damn it all we didn't even notice Everett was missing until a porter tripped over him in the quad so anything's theoretically possible. <sep> Hypothesis: Everett was missing

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: I should dearly have liked to know whether they were Europeans or Americans, but I couldn't hear the accents. They appeared to be arguing. I hoped the white men weren't telling him to eliminate all witnesses because I don't believe it would have needed much persuasion. <sep> Hypothesis: eliminating all witnesses would have needed much persuasion

Output: Contradiction

Input: Premise: B: All right, well. A: Um, short term, I don't think anything's going to be done about it or probably should be done about it. B: Right.  Uh, are you saying you don't think anything should be done in the short term? <sep> Hypothesis: anything should be done in the short term

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: B: If, uh, you've some kid uh, who's from a broken family, the schools are supposed to fill that void. It's gotten way beyond uh, you know, teaching classes and maybe providing extracurricular sports activities or something like, oh, were kind of traditionally the school's roles. A: Yeah.  Yeah, it's interesting because, uh, we're just having conversation on this, uh, with a couple of people yesterday. And I was expressing my frustrations that, uh, so many problems, I work in a high school, are that kids don't have a degree of self-discipline which may be reflected in society at large. Uh, and you can't expect in a classroom for a particular course an hour a day to counteract, uh, sixteen or seventeen years of influence at home. B: Right. A: Um, and, it's seen more so because when you call parents up, many parents won't even recognize that there is a problem <sep> Hypothesis: there is a problem

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: A: And, uh, I got to stay home with my kids, which I really wanted to do, but now I could not go back and do it. B: Yeah. A: I really couldn't, I don't think I could stay home all the time and do nothing. <sep> Hypothesis: he could stay home all the time and do nothing

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: She said good morning to Alice and Alice said hallo. She was thin and rather tall with a very lined gentle face and hair that was white but which Alice could see had once been blonde. She could also have told this was Tina's mother before Mrs Darne went off down the passage that led to the Headmaster's Flat. <sep> Hypothesis: this was Tina's mother

Output: Entailment


Input: Premise: Ockleton, Morpurgo, Cornelius, Dysart and half a dozen others too drunk to mention. But there was so much coming and going that any one of us could have slipped out, pushed Everett through the window and slipped back again without being noticed. Damn it all we didn't even notice Everett was missing until a porter tripped over him in the quad so anything's theoretically possible. <sep> Hypothesis: Everett was missing

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: I should dearly have liked to know whether they were Europeans or Americans, but I couldn't hear the accents. They appeared to be arguing. I hoped the white men weren't telling him to eliminate all witnesses because I don't believe it would have needed much persuasion. <sep> Hypothesis: eliminating all witnesses would have needed much persuasion

Output: Contradiction

Input: Premise: B: All right, well. A: Um, short term, I don't think anything's going to be done about it or probably should be done about it. B: Right.  Uh, are you saying you don't think anything should be done in the short term? <sep> Hypothesis: anything should be done in the short term

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: B: If, uh, you've some kid uh, who's from a broken family, the schools are supposed to fill that void. It's gotten way beyond uh, you know, teaching classes and maybe providing extracurricular sports activities or something like, oh, were kind of traditionally the school's roles. A: Yeah.  Yeah, it's interesting because, uh, we're just having conversation on this, uh, with a couple of people yesterday. And I was expressing my frustrations that, uh, so many problems, I work in a high school, are that kids don't have a degree of self-discipline which may be reflected in society at large. Uh, and you can't expect in a classroom for a particular course an hour a day to counteract, uh, sixteen or seventeen years of influence at home. B: Right. A: Um, and, it's seen more so because when you call parents up, many parents won't even recognize that there is a problem <sep> Hypothesis: there is a problem

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: A: And, uh, I got to stay home with my kids, which I really wanted to do, but now I could not go back and do it. B: Yeah. A: I really couldn't, I don't think I could stay home all the time and do nothing. <sep> Hypothesis: he could stay home all the time and do nothing

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: B: So again, it never really penalizes, the company doing the wrong. A: Right. That will, B: They can go right on doing the same old thing they always used to. A: Huh. B: And if they know some practice is wrong, you know, <sep> Hypothesis: some practice is wrong

Output: Entailment


Explanation: Abductive Reasoning

In this task, you're given an ambiguous question (which can be answered in more than one way). Your task is to provide one question which clarifies the input question and it has one unique answer, and also provide an answer to the generated question. Generated question and answer should be separated with a new line.

Input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?

Output:
How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes?
 26

Explanation: The generated question clarifies the input question by asking about bonus episodes because if the question is about regular episodes only then the answer will be different than including the bonus episodes. Also, the answer to the generated question is provided.

Input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?

Output:
What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over texas 2001?
 The Titan

Explanation: The generated output elaborates the input question by mentioning the year in question because there is a different answer for this question for the year 1990, 2001 and 2011. Also, the answer to the generated question is provided.

Input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?

Output:
Who won the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
 Kaycee Clark

Explanation: The generated output elaborates the input question that which reality show because there is two 'Big brother 20' show, American and British. Also, the answer to the generated question is provided.

Input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?

Output: How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes? 26

Explanation:
The generated question clarifies the input question by asking about bonus episodes because if the question is about regular episodes only then the answer will be different than including the bonus episodes. However, output just writes the answer directly without adding a separator, i.e.,
.

Input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?

Output: What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over Texas 2001?

Explanation: The generated output elaborates the input question by mentioning the year in question because there is a different answer for this question for the year 1990, 2001 and 2011. However, the answer to the generated question is not provided.

Input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?

Output:
Who lose the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
 Sarah Harding

Explanation: The generated output elaborates the input question that which reality show because there is two 'Big brother 20' show, American and British. Also, an answer to the generated question is provided. However, the output of the generated question is incorrect; Sarah Harding won the British reality show not American.

Input: Who invented the process to remove impurities by blasts of cold air blown through heated iron?

Output:
What Englishman invented the process to remove impurities by blasts of cold air blown through heated iron?
 Henry Bessemer


Explanation: Abductive Reasoning

Input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?

Output:
How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes?
 26

Input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?

Output:
What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over texas 2001?
 The Titan

Input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?

Output:
Who won the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
 Kaycee Clark

Input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?

Output: How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes? 26

Input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?

Output: What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over Texas 2001?

Input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?

Output:
Who lose the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
 Sarah Harding

Input: How old do you have to be to get a tattoo in indiana?

Output:
How old do you have to be to get a tattoo in Indiana without parental consent?
 18

How old do you have to be to get a tattoo in Indiana?


Explanation: Abductive Reasoning

Input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?

Output:
How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes?
 26

Input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?

Output:
What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over texas 2001?
 The Titan

Input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?

Output:
Who won the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
 Kaycee Clark

Input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?

Output: How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes? 26

Input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?

Output: What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over Texas 2001?

Input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?

Output:
Who lose the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
 Sarah Harding

Input: When did the old age pension start in australia?

Output:
When did an old age pension start in parts of australia?
 1900

What year did the old age pension start in Australia?


Explanation: Abductive Reasoning

Input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?

Output:
How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes?
 26

Input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?

Output:
What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over texas 2001?
 The Titan

Input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?

Output:
Who won the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
 Kaycee Clark

Input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?

Output: How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes? 26

Input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?

Output: What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over Texas 2001?

Input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?

Output:
Who lose the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
 Sarah Harding

Input: Who wrote the music for shrek the musical?

Output:
Who wrote the music scores for shrek the musical?
 Jeanine Tesori

Who wrote the music for Shrek the Musical?


Explanation: Abductive Reasoning

Input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?

Output:
How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes?
 26

Input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?

Output:
What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over texas 2001?
 The Titan

Input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?

Output:
Who won the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
 Kaycee Clark

Input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?

Output: How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes? 26

Input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?

Output: What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over Texas 2001?

Input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?

Output:
Who lose the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
 Sarah Harding

Input: What is the scientific name for a red fox?

Output:
What is the scientific name for all red foxes?
 Vulpes vulpes


In this task, you are given two questions about a domain. Your task is to combine the main subjects of the questions to write a new, natural-sounding question. For example, if the first question is about the tallness of the president and the second question is about his performance at college, the new question can be about his tallness at college. Try to find the main idea of each question, then combine them; you can use different words or make the subjects negative (i.e., ask about shortness instead of tallness) to combine the subjects. The questions are in three domains: presidents, national parks, and dogs. Each question has a keyword indicating its domain. Keywords are "this national park", "this dog breed", and "this president", which will be replaced with the name of an actual president, a national park, or a breed of dog. Hence, in the new question, this keyword should also be used the same way. Do not write unnatural questions. (i.e., would not be a question someone might normally ask about domains). Do not write open-ended or subjective questions. (e.g., questions that can be answered differently by different people.) If you couldn't find the answer to your question from a single Google search, try to write a different question. You do not have to stick with the original question word for word, but you should try to create a question that combines the main subjects of the question.

Input: What college did this president attend? Where did this president meet his wife?

Output: Did this president meet his wife in college?

Explanation: This is a good question. By combining "meet wife" and "college" we get to a new question.

Input: Is this president over 6 feet tall? What college did this president attend?

Output: Was this president shorter than six feet when they attended college?

Explanation: In this question, by making "tall" in the first question negative and combining it with "attend at college" we get to the new question. Note that the new question sounds natural as well.

Input: Is this president in favor of abortion? What college did this president attend?

Output: Is this president against abortion even though they attended a liberal arts college?

Explanation: In this question, by making "favor of abortion" in the first question negative and combining it with "attend at college" we get to the new question.

Input: Is this president over 6 feet tall? Is this president in favor of abortion?

Output: Does this president support abortion and is he taller than 6 feet?

Explanation: This question is relatively unnatural and is not something someone would usually ask in one sentence.

Input: What college did this president attend? Where did this president meet his wife?

Output: Did president meet his wife in college?

Explanation: The keywords should be the same as the given question. So the "president" should be replaced with "this president".

Input: Is the number of caves in this national park greater than 2? Can you go spelunking in this national park?

Output: Can you go spelunking in more than one cave at this national park?

Are there more caves in this national park than 2?


Input: What college did this president attend? Where did this president meet his wife?

Output: Did this president meet his wife in college?

Input: Is this president over 6 feet tall? What college did this president attend?

Output: Was this president shorter than six feet when they attended college?

Input: Is this president in favor of abortion? What college did this president attend?

Output: Is this president against abortion even though they attended a liberal arts college?

Input: Is this president over 6 feet tall? Is this president in favor of abortion?

Output: Does this president support abortion and is he taller than 6 feet?

Input: What college did this president attend? Where did this president meet his wife?

Output: Did president meet his wife in college?

Input: Does this national park feature more than two restaurants? Is there a hotel you can sleep at in this national park?

Output: Is there a restaurant to eat at or a hotel you can sleep in at this national park?

Are there more than two restaurants in this national park?


Input: What college did this president attend? Where did this president meet his wife?

Output: Did this president meet his wife in college?

Input: Is this president over 6 feet tall? What college did this president attend?

Output: Was this president shorter than six feet when they attended college?

Input: Is this president in favor of abortion? What college did this president attend?

Output: Is this president against abortion even though they attended a liberal arts college?

Input: Is this president over 6 feet tall? Is this president in favor of abortion?

Output: Does this president support abortion and is he taller than 6 feet?

Input: What college did this president attend? Where did this president meet his wife?

Output: Did president meet his wife in college?

Input: Is white an acceptable color for this dog breed? Can a dog from this dog breed have only one color on their fur?

Output: Is white the only acceptable color for this dog breed?

Are white and black acceptable colors for this dog breed?


Input: What college did this president attend? Where did this president meet his wife?

Output: Did this president meet his wife in college?

Input: Is this president over 6 feet tall? What college did this president attend?

Output: Was this president shorter than six feet when they attended college?

Input: Is this president in favor of abortion? What college did this president attend?

Output: Is this president against abortion even though they attended a liberal arts college?

Input: Is this president over 6 feet tall? Is this president in favor of abortion?

Output: Does this president support abortion and is he taller than 6 feet?

Input: What college did this president attend? Where did this president meet his wife?

Output: Did president meet his wife in college?

Input: What year was the last year this president was in office? How did the stock market perform while this president was in office?

Output: How did the economy perform as this president took office?

Was this president the last president in office?


Input: What college did this president attend? Where did this president meet his wife?

Output: Did this president meet his wife in college?

Input: Is this president over 6 feet tall? What college did this president attend?

Output: Was this president shorter than six feet when they attended college?

Input: Is this president in favor of abortion? What college did this president attend?

Output: Is this president against abortion even though they attended a liberal arts college?

Input: Is this president over 6 feet tall? Is this president in favor of abortion?

Output: Does this president support abortion and is he taller than 6 feet?

Input: What college did this president attend? Where did this president meet his wife?

Output: Did president meet his wife in college?

Input: Can this dog breed have black or brown spots? Is white an acceptable color for this dog breed?

Output: Can this dog breed be white, black, or brown?

Are black or brown spots acceptable for this dog breed?