import math
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional, Tuple

import torch
import torch.utils.checkpoint
from torch import nn
from transformers.activations import ACT2FN
from transformers.pytorch_utils import Conv1D
from transformers.utils import ModelOutput
from transformers import GPT2PreTrainedModel, GPT2Model
from .backpack_config import BackpackGPT2Config


### Backpack-Specific
class BackpackGPT2PreTrainedModel(GPT2PreTrainedModel):
    """
    An abstract class to handle weights initialization and a simple interface for downloading and loading pretrained
    models.
    """

    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_missing = [r"attn.masked_bias", r"attn.bias"]

    config_class = BackpackGPT2Config
    base_model_prefix = "backpack"
    is_parallelizable = True
    supports_gradient_checkpointing = False
    _no_split_modules = ["GPT2Block", "BackpackNoMixBlock"]

    def __init__(self, *inputs, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*inputs, **kwargs)


class BackpackMLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, embed_dim, intermediate_dim, out_dim, config):
        super().__init__()
        self.c_fc = Conv1D(intermediate_dim, embed_dim)
        self.c_proj = Conv1D(out_dim, intermediate_dim)
        self.act = ACT2FN[config.activation_function]
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.resid_pdrop)

    def forward(
        self, hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]]
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        hidden_states = self.c_fc(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.act(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.c_proj(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
        return hidden_states


class BackpackNoMixBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__()
        self.ln_1 = nn.LayerNorm(config.n_embd, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
        self.ln_2 = nn.LayerNorm(config.n_embd, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
        self.mlp = BackpackMLP(config.n_embd, config.n_embd * 4, config.n_embd, config)
        self.resid_dropout1 = nn.Dropout(config.resid_pdrop)
        self.resid_dropout2 = nn.Dropout(config.resid_pdrop)

    def forward(self, hidden_states, residual):
        residual = self.resid_dropout1(hidden_states) + residual
        hidden_states = self.ln_1(residual)
        mlp_out = self.mlp(hidden_states)
        residual = self.resid_dropout2(mlp_out) + residual
        hidden_states = self.ln_2(residual)
        return hidden_states


class BackpackSenseNetwork(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config, num_senses, device=None, dtype=None):
        super().__init__()
        self.num_senses = num_senses
        # self.embeddings = embeddings
        self.n_embd = config.n_embd

        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.embd_pdrop)
        self.block = BackpackNoMixBlock(config)
        self.ln = nn.LayerNorm(self.n_embd, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
        self.final_mlp = BackpackMLP(
            embed_dim=config.n_embd,
            intermediate_dim=config.sense_intermediate_scale * config.n_embd,
            out_dim=config.n_embd * config.num_senses,
            config=config,
        )

    def forward(self, input_embeds):
        residual = self.dropout(input_embeds)
        hidden_states = self.ln(residual)
        hidden_states = self.block(hidden_states, residual)
        senses = self.final_mlp(hidden_states)
        bs, s, nvd = senses.shape
        return senses.reshape(bs, s, self.num_senses, self.n_embd).transpose(
            1, 2
        )  # (bs, nv, s, d)


class BackpackWeightNetwork(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_senses, embed_dim):
        super().__init__()
        self.n_embd = embed_dim
        self.num_senses = num_senses
        self.embed_per_sense = embed_dim // num_senses
        self.c_attn = nn.Linear(embed_dim, 2 * num_senses * self.embed_per_sense)
        self.softmax_scale = None

    def forward(self, encoded):
        b, s, d = encoded.shape
        encoded = self.c_attn(encoded)  # (b, s, 2*d)
        encoded = encoded.reshape(
            b, s, 2, self.num_senses, self.embed_per_sense
        )  # (b, s, 2, nv, d//nv)
        batch_size, seqlen = encoded.shape[0], encoded.shape[1]

        # compute scores & mask
        q, k = encoded.unbind(dim=2)
        softmax_scale = self.softmax_scale or 1.0 / math.sqrt(q.shape[-1])
        scores = torch.einsum("bthd,bshd->bhts", q, k * softmax_scale)
        causal_mask = torch.triu(
            torch.full((seqlen, seqlen), -10000.0, device=scores.device), 1
        )
        scores = scores + causal_mask.to(dtype=scores.dtype)

        return torch.softmax(scores, dim=-1, dtype=q.dtype)


@dataclass
class BackpackGPT2BaseModelOutput(ModelOutput):
    hidden_states: torch.FloatTensor = None
    contextualization: torch.FloatTensor = None


class BackpackGPT2Model(BackpackGPT2PreTrainedModel):
    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_missing = [r".*attn.masked_bias", r".*attn.bias"]

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)

        self.embed_dim = config.n_embd

        self.num_senses = config.num_senses
        self.gpt2_model = GPT2Model(config)
        self.sense_network = BackpackSenseNetwork(
            config, self.num_senses, self.gpt2_model.wte
        )
        self.word_embeddings = self.gpt2_model.wte
        self.position_embeddings = self.gpt2_model.wpe
        self.sense_weight_net = BackpackWeightNetwork(self.num_senses, self.embed_dim)
        # Model parallel
        self.model_parallel = False
        self.device_map = None
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

    def get_num_senses(self):
        return self.num_senses

    def get_word_embeddings(self):
        return self.word_embeddings

    def get_sense_network(self):
        return self.sense_network

    def forward(self, input_ids, position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None):
        # Compute senses
        sense_input_embeds = self.word_embeddings(input_ids)
        senses = self.sense_network(sense_input_embeds)  # (bs, nv, s, d)

        # Compute contextualization weights
        contextl_hidden_states = self.gpt2_model(
            input_ids, position_ids=position_ids
        ).last_hidden_state  # (bs, s, d)
        contextualization = self.sense_weight_net(
            contextl_hidden_states
        )  # (bs, nv, s, s)

        # Compute resulting outputs
        hidden_states = torch.sum(
            contextualization @ senses, dim=1
        )  # (bs, nv, s, d) -> (bs, s, d)

        # divide hidden_states by 1 / num_senses
        hidden_states = hidden_states / self.num_senses

        return BackpackGPT2BaseModelOutput(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            contextualization=contextualization,
        )

    def run_with_custom_contextualization(self, input_ids, contextualization):
        # Compute senses
        sense_input_embeds = self.word_embeddings(input_ids)
        senses = self.sense_network(sense_input_embeds)  # (bs, nv, s, d)

        # Compute resulting outputs
        hidden_states = torch.sum(
            contextualization @ senses, dim=1
        )  # (bs, nv, s, d) -> (bs, s, d)
        return BackpackGPT2BaseModelOutput(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            contextualization=contextualization,
        )


@dataclass
class BackpackGPT2LMHeadModelOutput(ModelOutput):
    logits: torch.FloatTensor = None
    contextualization: torch.FloatTensor = None


class BackpackGPT2LMHeadModel(BackpackGPT2PreTrainedModel):
    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_missing = [r".*attn.masked_bias", r".*attn.bias"]

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.backpack = BackpackGPT2Model(config)

        # Model parallel
        self.model_parallel = False
        self.device_map = None

    def get_lm_head(self):
        return self.lm_head

    def forward(self, input_ids, position_ids=None):
        outputs = self.backpack(input_ids, position_ids=position_ids)
        hidden_states, contextualization = (
            outputs.hidden_states,
            outputs.contextualization,
        )
        # unembed the hidden_states
        lm_logits = torch.einsum(
            "bsd,nd->bsn", hidden_states, self.backpack.word_embeddings.weight
        )
        return BackpackGPT2LMHeadModelOutput(
            logits=lm_logits,
            contextualization=contextualization,
        )

    def run_with_custom_contextualization(self, input_ids, contextualization):
        outputs = self.backpack.run_with_custom_contextualization(
            input_ids, contextualization
        )
        hidden_states, contextualization = (
            outputs.hidden_states,
            outputs.contextualization,
        )
        lm_logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states)
        return BackpackGPT2LMHeadModelOutput(
            logits=lm_logits,
            contextualization=contextualization,
        )