# This code is part of Qiskit. # # (C) Copyright IBM 2020, 2023. # # This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may # obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory # of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0. # # Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this # copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating # that they have been altered from the originals. """VectorStateFn Class""" from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Union, cast import numpy as np from qiskit import QuantumCircuit from qiskit.circuit import ParameterExpression from qiskit.opflow.list_ops.list_op import ListOp from qiskit.opflow.list_ops.summed_op import SummedOp from qiskit.opflow.list_ops.tensored_op import TensoredOp from qiskit.opflow.operator_base import OperatorBase from qiskit.opflow.state_fns.state_fn import StateFn from qiskit.quantum_info import Statevector from qiskit.utils import algorithm_globals, arithmetic from qiskit.utils.deprecation import deprecate_func class VectorStateFn(StateFn): """Deprecated: A class for state functions and measurements which are defined in vector representation, and stored using Terra's ``Statevector`` class. """ primitive: Statevector # TODO allow normalization somehow? @deprecate_func( since="0.24.0", additional_msg="For code migration guidelines, visit https://qisk.it/opflow_migration.", ) def __init__( self, primitive: Union[list, np.ndarray, Statevector] = None, coeff: Union[complex, ParameterExpression] = 1.0, is_measurement: bool = False, ) -> None: """ Args: primitive: The ``Statevector``, NumPy array, or list, which defines the behavior of the underlying function. coeff: A coefficient multiplying the state function. is_measurement: Whether the StateFn is a measurement operator """ # Lists and Numpy arrays representing statevectors are stored # in Statevector objects for easier handling. if isinstance(primitive, (np.ndarray, list)): primitive = Statevector(primitive) super().__init__(primitive, coeff=coeff, is_measurement=is_measurement) def primitive_strings(self) -> Set[str]: return {"Vector"} @property def num_qubits(self) -> int: return len(self.primitive.dims()) def add(self, other: OperatorBase) -> OperatorBase: if not self.num_qubits == other.num_qubits: raise ValueError( "Sum over statefns with different numbers of qubits, {} and {}, is not well " "defined".format(self.num_qubits, other.num_qubits) ) # Right now doesn't make sense to add a StateFn to a Measurement if isinstance(other, VectorStateFn) and self.is_measurement == other.is_measurement: # Covers Statevector and custom. return VectorStateFn( (self.coeff * self.primitive) + (other.primitive * other.coeff), is_measurement=self._is_measurement, ) return SummedOp([self, other]) def adjoint(self) -> "VectorStateFn": return VectorStateFn( self.primitive.conjugate(), coeff=self.coeff.conjugate(), is_measurement=(not self.is_measurement), ) def permute(self, permutation: List[int]) -> "VectorStateFn": new_self = self new_num_qubits = max(permutation) + 1 if self.num_qubits != len(permutation): # raise OpflowError("New index must be defined for each qubit of the operator.") pass if self.num_qubits < new_num_qubits: # pad the operator with identities new_self = self._expand_dim(new_num_qubits - self.num_qubits) qc = QuantumCircuit(new_num_qubits) # extend the permutation indices to match the size of the new matrix permutation = ( list(filter(lambda x: x not in permutation, range(new_num_qubits))) + permutation ) # decompose permutation into sequence of transpositions transpositions = arithmetic.transpositions(permutation) for trans in transpositions: qc.swap(trans[0], trans[1]) from ..primitive_ops.circuit_op import CircuitOp matrix = CircuitOp(qc).to_matrix() vector = new_self.primitive.data new_vector = cast(np.ndarray, matrix.dot(vector)) return VectorStateFn( primitive=new_vector, coeff=self.coeff, is_measurement=self.is_measurement ) def to_dict_fn(self) -> StateFn: """Creates the equivalent state function of type DictStateFn. Returns: A new DictStateFn equivalent to ``self``. """ from .dict_state_fn import DictStateFn num_qubits = self.num_qubits new_dict = {format(i, "b").zfill(num_qubits): v for i, v in enumerate(self.primitive.data)} return DictStateFn(new_dict, coeff=self.coeff, is_measurement=self.is_measurement) def _expand_dim(self, num_qubits: int) -> "VectorStateFn": primitive = np.zeros(2**num_qubits, dtype=complex) return VectorStateFn( self.primitive.tensor(primitive), coeff=self.coeff, is_measurement=self.is_measurement ) def tensor(self, other: OperatorBase) -> OperatorBase: if isinstance(other, VectorStateFn): return StateFn( self.primitive.tensor(other.primitive), coeff=self.coeff * other.coeff, is_measurement=self.is_measurement, ) return TensoredOp([self, other]) def to_density_matrix(self, massive: bool = False) -> np.ndarray: OperatorBase._check_massive("to_density_matrix", True, self.num_qubits, massive) return self.primitive.to_operator().data * self.coeff def to_matrix(self, massive: bool = False) -> np.ndarray: OperatorBase._check_massive("to_matrix", False, self.num_qubits, massive) vec = self.primitive.data * self.coeff return vec if not self.is_measurement else vec.reshape(1, -1) def to_matrix_op(self, massive: bool = False) -> OperatorBase: return self def to_circuit_op(self) -> OperatorBase: """Return ``StateFnCircuit`` corresponding to this StateFn.""" # pylint: disable=cyclic-import from .circuit_state_fn import CircuitStateFn csfn = CircuitStateFn.from_vector(self.primitive.data) * self.coeff return csfn.adjoint() if self.is_measurement else csfn def __str__(self) -> str: prim_str = str(self.primitive) if self.coeff == 1.0: return "{}({})".format( "VectorStateFn" if not self.is_measurement else "MeasurementVector", prim_str ) else: return "{}({}) * {}".format( "VectorStateFn" if not self.is_measurement else "MeasurementVector", prim_str, self.coeff, ) # pylint: disable=too-many-return-statements def eval( self, front: Optional[ Union[str, Dict[str, complex], np.ndarray, Statevector, OperatorBase] ] = None, ) -> Union[OperatorBase, complex]: if front is None: # this object is already a VectorStateFn return self if not self.is_measurement and isinstance(front, OperatorBase): raise ValueError( "Cannot compute overlap with StateFn or Operator if not Measurement. Try taking " "sf.adjoint() first to convert to measurement." ) if isinstance(front, ListOp) and front.distributive: return front.combo_fn( [self.eval(front.coeff * front_elem) for front_elem in front.oplist] ) if not isinstance(front, OperatorBase): front = StateFn(front) # pylint: disable=cyclic-import from ..operator_globals import EVAL_SIG_DIGITS from .operator_state_fn import OperatorStateFn from .circuit_state_fn import CircuitStateFn from .dict_state_fn import DictStateFn if isinstance(front, DictStateFn): return np.round( sum( v * self.primitive.data[int(b, 2)] * front.coeff for (b, v) in front.primitive.items() ) * self.coeff, decimals=EVAL_SIG_DIGITS, ) if isinstance(front, VectorStateFn): # Need to extract the element or np.array([1]) is returned. return np.round( np.dot(self.to_matrix(), front.to_matrix())[0], decimals=EVAL_SIG_DIGITS ) if isinstance(front, CircuitStateFn): # Don't reimplement logic from CircuitStateFn return np.conj(front.adjoint().eval(self.adjoint().primitive)) * self.coeff if isinstance(front, OperatorStateFn): return front.adjoint().eval(self.primitive) * self.coeff return front.adjoint().eval(self.adjoint().primitive).adjoint() * self.coeff # type: ignore def sample( self, shots: int = 1024, massive: bool = False, reverse_endianness: bool = False ) -> dict: deterministic_counts = self.primitive.probabilities_dict() # Don't need to square because probabilities_dict already does. probs = np.array(list(deterministic_counts.values())) unique, counts = np.unique( algorithm_globals.random.choice( list(deterministic_counts.keys()), size=shots, p=(probs / sum(probs)) ), return_counts=True, ) counts = dict(zip(unique, counts)) if reverse_endianness: scaled_dict = {bstr[::-1]: (prob / shots) for (bstr, prob) in counts.items()} else: scaled_dict = {bstr: (prob / shots) for (bstr, prob) in counts.items()} return dict(sorted(scaled_dict.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True))