---
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- feature-extraction
- sentence-similarity
- transformers
language:
- es
datasets:
- hackathon-pln-es/parallel-sentences
widget:
- text: "A ver si nos tenemos que poner todos en huelga hasta cobrar lo que queramos."
- text: "La huelga es el método de lucha más eficaz para conseguir mejoras en el salario."
- text: "Tendremos que optar por hacer una huelga para cobrar lo que queremos."
- text: "Queda descartada la huelga aunque no cobremos lo que queramos."
---


# paraphrase-spanish-distilroberta
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search.

We follow a **teacher-student** transfer learning approach to train an `bertin-roberta-base-spanish` model using parallel EN-ES sentence pairs.

## Usage (Sentence-Transformers)
Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed:

```
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can use the model like this:
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
sentences = ["Este es un ejemplo", "Cada oración es transformada"]

model = SentenceTransformer('hackathon-pln-es/paraphrase-spanish-distilroberta')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings)
```

## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers)
Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings.

```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F

#Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging
def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask):
    token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings
    input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float()
    return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9)


# Sentences we want sentence embeddings for
sentences = ['Este es un ejemplo", "Cada oración es transformada']

# Load model from HuggingFace Hub
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('hackathon-pln-es/paraphrase-spanish-distilroberta')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('hackathon-pln-es/paraphrase-spanish-distilroberta')

# Tokenize sentences
encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

# Compute token embeddings
with torch.no_grad():
    model_output = model(**encoded_input)

# Perform pooling
sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask'])

# Normalize embeddings
sentence_embeddings = F.normalize(sentence_embeddings, p=2, dim=1)

print("Sentence embeddings:")
print(sentence_embeddings)
```

## Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False})
)
```

## Evaluation Results

Similarity Evaluation on STS-2017.es-en.txt and STS-2017.es-es.txt (translated manually for evaluation purposes)

We measure the semantic textual similarity (STS) between sentence pairs in different languages:

### ES-ES
| cosine_pearson | cosine_spearman | manhattan_pearson | manhattan_spearman | euclidean_pearson | euclidean_spearman | dot_pearson | dot_spearman |
| ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- |
0.8495 | 0.8579 | 0.8675 | 0.8474 | 0.8676 | 0.8478 | 0.8277 | 0.8258 |

### ES-EN
| cosine_pearson | cosine_spearman | manhattan_pearson | manhattan_spearman | euclidean_pearson | euclidean_spearman | dot_pearson | dot_spearman |
| ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- |
0.8344 | 0.8448 | 0.8279 | 0.8168 | 0.8282 | 0.8159 | 0.8083 | 0.8145 |

------


## Intended uses

Our model is intented to be used as a sentence and short paragraph encoder. Given an input text, it ouptuts a vector which captures 
the semantic information. The sentence vector may be used for information retrieval, clustering or sentence similarity tasks.

## Background

This model is a bilingual Spanish-English model trained according to instructions in the paper [Making Monolingual Sentence Embeddings Multilingual using Knowledge Distillation](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.09813.pdf) and the [documentation](https://www.sbert.net/examples/training/multilingual/README.html) accompanying its companion python package. We have used the strongest available pretrained English Bi-Encoder ([paraphrase-mpnet-base-v2](https://www.sbert.net/docs/pretrained_models.html#sentence-embedding-models)) as a teacher model, and the pretrained Spanish [BERTIN](https://huggingface.co/bertin-project/bertin-roberta-base-spanish) as the student model.


We developped this model during the 
[Hackathon 2022 NLP - Spanish](https://somosnlp.org/hackathon), 
organized by hackathon-pln-es Organization.

### Training data

We use the concatenation from multiple datasets with sentence pairs (EN-ES).
We could check out the dataset that was used during training: [parallel-sentences](https://huggingface.co/datasets/hackathon-pln-es/parallel-sentences)

| Dataset                                                  |
|--------------------------------------------------------|
| AllNLI - ES (SNLI + MultiNLI)|
| EuroParl |
| JW300 |
| News Commentary |
| Open Subtitles |
| TED 2020 |
| Tatoeba |
| WikiMatrix |

## Authors

- [Anibal Pérez](https://huggingface.co/Anarpego),	
- [Emilio Tomás Ariza](https://huggingface.co/medardodt),
- [Lautaro Gesuelli Pinto](https://huggingface.co/lautaro)
- [Mauricio Mazuecos](https://huggingface.co/mmazuecos)