{"docstore/data": {"3de4d799-eb52-43b7-a79a-7a0cd24b4327": {"__data__": {"id_": "3de4d799-eb52-43b7-a79a-7a0cd24b4327", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_path": "/Users/rossmcnairn/hello_wordsmith/hello_wordsmith/public_wordsmith_dataset/us_constitution.html", "file_name": "us_constitution.html", "file_type": "text/html", "file_size": 298073, "creation_date": "2024-05-02", "last_modified_date": "2024-05-02"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {}, "text": "[House Document 110-50]\n[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]\n\n\n\n110th Congress Document\n\n HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES\n1st Session No. 110-50\n\n \n THE\n CONSTITUTION\n OF THE\n UNITED STATES\n OF AMERICA\n\n As Amended\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n Unratified Amendments\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n Analytical Index\n\n\n\n\n PRESENTED BY MR. BRADY\n\n OF PENNSYLVANIA\n\n July 25, 2007 \u0001 Ordered to be printed\n\n UNITED STATES\n GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE\n WASHINGTON: 2007\n\n\n\nFor sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing \nOffice Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC \narea (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC \n20402-001\n [ISBN 978-0-16-079091-1]\n \nHouse Doc. 110-50\n\n The printing of the revised version of The Constitution of \nthe United States of America As Amended (Document Size) is \nhereby ordered pursuant to H. Con. Res. 190 as passed on July \n25, 2007, 110th Congress, 1st Session. This document was \ncompiled at the direction of Chairman Robert A. Brady of the \nJoint Committee on Printing, and printed by the U.S. Government \nPrinting Office.\n CONTENTS\n\nHistorical Note.................................................. v\nText of the Constitution......................................... 1\nAmendments....................................................... 13\nProposed Amendments Not Ratified................................. 29\nIndex to the Constitution and Amendments......................... 33\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n HISTORICAL NOTE\n\n ---------- \n\n\n The Delegates who convened at the Federal Convention on May \n25, 1787, quickly rejected the idea of revising the Articles of \nConfederation and agreed to construct a new framework for a \nnational government. Throughout the summer months at the \nConvention in Philadelphia, delegates from 12 States debated \nthe proper form such a government should take, but few \nquestioned the need to establish a more vigorous government to \npreside over the union of States. The 39 delegates who signed \nthe Constitution on September 17, 1787, expected the new \ncharter to provide a permanent guarantee of the political \nliberties achieved in the Revolution.\n Prior to the adoption of the Federal Constitution, the \nArticles of Confederation, drafted by the Continental Congress \nand approved by 13 States, provided for a union of the former \nBritish colonies. Even before Maryland became the last State to \naccede to the Articles in 1781, a number of Americans, \nparticularly those involved in the prosecution of the \nRevolutionary War, recognized the inadequacies of the Articles \nas a national government. In the 1780s these nationally-minded \nAmericans became increasingly disturbed by the Articles' \nfailure to provide the central government with authority to \nraise revenue, regulate commerce, or enforce treaties.\n Despite repeated proposals that the Continental Congress \nrevise the Articles, the movement for a new national government \nbegan outside the Congress. Representatives of Maryland and \nVirginia, meeting at Mt. Vernon to discuss trade problems \nbetween the two States, agreed to invite delegates from all \nStates to discuss commercial affairs at a meeting in Annapolis, \nMaryland, in September 1786. Although delegates from only five \nStates reached the Annapolis Convention, that group issued a \ncall for a meeting of all States to discuss necessary revisions \nof the Articles of Confederation. Responding to this call and \nthe endorsement of the Continental Congress, every State except \nRhode Island selected delegates for the meeting in the State \nHouse at Philadelphia.\n The document printed here was the product of nearly four \nmonths of deliberations in the Federal Convention at \nPhiladelphia. The challenging task before the delegates was to \ncreate a republican form of government that could encompass the \n13 States and accommodate the anticipated expansion to the \nWest. The distribution of authority between legislative, \nexecutive, and judicial branches was a boldly original attempt \nto create an energetic central government at the same time that \nthe sovereignty of the people was preserved.\n The longest debate of the Convention centered on the proper \nform of representation and election for the Congress. The \ndivision between small States that wished to perpetuate the \nequal representation of States in the Continental Congress and \nthe large States that proposed representation proportional to \npopulation threatened to bring the Convention proceedings to a \nhalt. Over several weeks the delegates developed a complicated \ncompromise that provided for equal representation of the States \nin a Senate elected by State legislature and proportional \nrepresentation in a popularly-elected House of Representatives.\n The conflict between large and small States disappeared in \nthe early years of the republic. More lasting was the division \nbetween slave and free States that had been a disturbing \nundercurrent in the Convention debates. The Convention's \nstrained attempt to avoid using the word slavery in the \narticles granting recognition and protection to that \ninstitution scarcely hid the regional divisions that would \nremain unresolved under the terms of union agreed to in 1787.\n The debates in the State ratification conventions of 1787 \nand 1788 made clear the need to provide amendments to the basic \nframework drafted in Philadelphia. Beginning with \nMassachusetts, a number of State conventions ratified the \nConstitution with the request that a bill of rights be added to \nprotect certain liberties at the core of English and American \npolitical traditions. The First Congress approved a set of \namendments which became the Bill of Rights when ratified by the \nStates in 1791. The continuing process of amendment, clearly \ndescribed in the note of the following text, has enabled the \nConstitution to accommodate changing conditions in American \nsociety at the same time that the Founders' basic outline of \nnational government remains intact.\n CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES\\1\\\n\n ---------- \n\n\nWe the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect \n Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide \n for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure \n the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do \n ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of \n America.\n\n Article I.\n\n Section 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be \nvested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist \nof a Senate and House of Representatives.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\1\\This text of the Constitution follows the engrossed copy signed by \nGen. Washington and the deputies from 12 States. The small superior \nfigures preceding the paragraphs designate clauses, and were not in the \noriginal and have no reference to footnotes.\n * * * * * \nThe Constitution was adopted by a convention of the States on September \n17, 1787, and was subsequently ratified by the several States, on the \nfollowing dates: Delaware, December 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, \n1787; New Jersey, December 18, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; \nConnecticut, January 9, 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; \nMaryland, April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, \nJune 21, 1788.\n * * * * * \nRatification was completed on June 21, 1788.\n * * * * * \nThe Constitution was subsequently ratified by Virginia, June 25, 1788; \nNew York, July 26, 1788; North Carolina, November 21, 1789; Rhode \nIsland, May 29, 1790; and Vermont, January 10, 1791.\n * * * * * \nIn May 1785, a committee of Congress made a report recommending an \nalteration in the Articles of Confederation, but no action was taken on \nit, and it was left to the State Legislatures to proceed in the matter. \nIn January 1786, the Legislature of Virginia passed a resolution \nproviding for the appointment of five commissioners, who, or any three \nof them, should meet such commissioners as might be appointed in the \nother States of the Union, at a time and place to be agreed upon, to \ntake into consideration the trade of the United States; to consider how \nfar a uniform system in their commercial regulations may be necessary \nto their common interest and their permanent harmony; and to report to \nthe several States such an act, relative to this great object, as, when \nratified by them, will enable the United States in Congress effectually \nto provide for the same. The Virginia commissioners, after some \ncorrespondence, fixed the first Monday in September as the time, and \nthe city of Annapolis as the place for the meeting, but only four other \nStates were represented, viz: Delaware, New York, New Jersey, and \nPennsylvania; the commissioners appointed by Massachusetts, New \nHampshire, North Carolina, and Rhode Island failed to attend. Under the \ncircumstances of so partial a representation, the commissioners present \nagreed upon a report (drawn by Mr. Hamilton, of New York) expressing \ntheir unanimous conviction that it might essentially tend to advance \nthe interests of the Union if the States by which they were \nrespectively delegated would concur, and use their endeavors to procure \nthe concurrence of the other States, in the appointment of \ncommissioners to meet at Philadelphia on the second Monday of May \nfollowing, to take into consideration the situation of the United \nStates; to devise such further provisions as should appear to them \nnecessary to render the Constitution of the Federal Government adequate \nto the exigencies of the Union; and to report such an act for that \npurpose to the United States in Congress assembled as, when agreed to \nby them and afterwards confirmed by the Legislatures of every State, \nwould effectually provide for the same.\n * * * * * \nCongress, on the 21st of February, 1787, adopted a resolution in favor \nof a convention, and the Legislatures of those States which had not \nalready done so (with the exception of Rhode Island) promptly appointed \ndelegates. On the 25th of May, seven States having convened, George \nWashington, of Virginia, was unanimously elected President, and the \nconsideration of the proposed constitution was commenced. On the 17th \nof September, 1787, the Constitution as engrossed and agreed upon was \nsigned by all the members present, except Mr. Gerry of Massachusetts, \nand Messrs. Mason and Randolph, of Virginia. The president of the \nconvention transmitted it to Congress, with a resolution stating how \nthe proposed Federal Government should be put in operation, and an \nexplanatory letter. Congress, on the 28th of September, 1787, directed \nthe Constitution so framed, with the resolutions and letter concerning \nthe same, to ``be transmitted to the several Legislatures in order to \nbe submitted to a convention of delegates chosen in each State by the \npeople thereof, in conformity to the resolves of the convention.''\n * * * * * \nOn the 4th of March, 1789, the day which had been fixed for commencing \nthe operations of Government under the new Constitution, it had been \nratified by the conventions chosen in each State to consider it, as \nfollows: Delaware, December 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; \nNew Jersey, December 18, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut, \nJanuary 9, 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, \n1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, June 21, 1788; \nVirginia, June 25, 1788; and New York, July 26, 1788.\n * * * * * \nThe President informed Congress, on the 28th of January, 1790, that \nNorth Carolina had ratified the Constitution November 21, 1789; and he \ninformed Congress on the 1st of June, 1790, that Rhode Island had \nratified the Constitution May 29, 1790. Vermont, in convention, \nratified the Constitution January 10, 1791, and was, by an act of \nCongress approved February 18, 1791, ``received and admitted into this \nUnion as a new and entire member of the United States.''\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Section 2. \\1\\The House of Representatives shall be \ncomposed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of \nthe several States, and the Electors in each State shall have \nthe Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous \nBranch of the State Legislature.\n \\2\\No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have \nattained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years \na Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when \nelected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be \nchosen.\n \\3\\Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned \namong the several States which may be included within this \nUnion, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be \ndetermined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, \nincluding those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and \nexcluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other \nPersons.\\2\\ The actual Enumeration shall be made within three \nYears after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United \nStates, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such \nManner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of \nRepresentatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, \nbut each State shall have at Least one Representative; and \nuntil such enumeration shall be made, the State of New \nHampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts \neight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut \nfive, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, \nDelaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, \nSouth Carolina five, and Georgia three.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\2\\The part of this clause relating to the mode of apportionment of \nrepresentatives among the several States has been affected by section 2 \nof amendment XIV, and as to taxes on incomes without apportionment by \namendment XVI.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n \\4\\When vacancies happen in the Representation from any \nState, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of \nElection to fill such Vacancies.\n \\5\\The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker \nand other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of \nImpeachment.\n Section 3. \\1\\The Senate of the United States shall be \ncomposed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the \nLegislature thereof\\3\\ for six Years; and each Senator shall \nhave one Vote.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\3\\This clause has been affected by clause 1 of amendment XVII.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n \\2\\Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence \nof the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may \nbe into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first \nClass shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of \nthe second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of \nthe third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that \none third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies \nhappen by Resignation or otherwise, during the Recess of the \nLegislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make \ntemporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the \nLegislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.\\4\\\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\4\\This clause has been affected by clause 2 of amendment XVIII.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n \\3\\No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained \nto the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of \nthe United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an \nInhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.\n \\4\\The Vice President of the United States shall be \nPresident of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be \nequally divided.\n \\5\\The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a \nPresident pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or \nwhen he shall exercise the Office of President of the United \nStates.\n \\6\\The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all \nImpeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on \nOath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is \ntried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be \nconvicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members \npresent.\n \\7\\Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend \nfurther than to removal from Office, and disqualification to \nhold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the \nUnited States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be \nliable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and \nPunishment, according to Law.\n Section 4. \\1\\The Times, Places and Manner of holding \nElections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed \nin each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may \nat any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to \nthe Places of chusing Senators.\n \\2\\The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year \nand such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December,\\5\\ \nunless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\5\\This clause has been affected by amendment XX.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Section 5. \\1\\Each House shall be the Judge of the \nElections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a \nMajority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but \na smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be \nauthorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such \nManner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.\n \\2\\Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, \npunish its Members for disorderly Behavior, and, with the \nConcurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.\n \\3\\Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and \nfrom time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may \nin their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the \nMembers of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of \none fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.\n \\4\\Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, \nwithout the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three \ndays, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses \nshall be sitting.\n Section 6. \\1\\The Senators and Representatives shall \nreceive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by \nLaw, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.\\6\\ They \nshall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the \nPeace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the \nSession of their respective Houses, and in going to and \nreturning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either \nHouse, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\6\\This clause has been affected by amendment XXVII.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n \\2\\No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for \nwhich he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under \nthe Authority of the United States, which shall have been \ncreated, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased \nduring such time; and no Person holding any Office under the \nUnited States, shall be a Member of either House during his \nContinuance in Office.\n Section 7. \\1\\All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate \nin the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or \nconcur with Amendments as on other Bills.\n \\2\\Every Bill which shall have passed the House of \nRepresentatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, \nbe presented to the President of the United States; If he \napprove he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with \nhis Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, \nwho shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and \nproceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two \nthirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be \nsent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by \nwhich it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two \nthirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such \nCases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and \nNays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the \nBill shall be entered on the Journal of each House \nrespectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the \nPresident within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall \nhave been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like \nManner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their \nAdjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a \nLaw.\n \\3\\Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the \nConcurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be \nnecessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be \npresented to the President of the United States; and before the \nSame shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being \ndisapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the \nSenate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and \nLimitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.\n Section 8. \\1\\The Congress shall have Power To lay and \ncollect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts \nand provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the \nUnited States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be \nuniform throughout the United States;\n \\2\\To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;\n \\3\\To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the \nseveral States, and with the Indian Tribes;\n \\4\\To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization, and \nuniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the \nUnited States;\n \\5\\To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of \nforeign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;\n \\6\\To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the \nSecurities and current Coin of the United States;\n \\7\\To establish Post Offices and post Roads;\n \\8\\To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by \nsecuring for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the \nexclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;\n \\9\\To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;\n \\10\\To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on \nthe high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;\n \\11\\To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, \nand make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;\n \\12\\To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of \nMoney to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;\n \\13\\To provide and maintain a Navy;\n \\14\\To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the \nland and naval Forces;\n \\15\\To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the \nLaws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;\n \\16\\To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, \nthe Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be \nemployed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the \nStates respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the \nAuthority of training the Militia according to the discipline \nprescribed by Congress;\n \\17\\To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases \nwhatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) \nas may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of \nCongress, become the Seat of the Government of the United \nStates, and to exercise like Authority over all Places \npurchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in \nwhich the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, \nArsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful buildings;--And\n \\18\\To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper \nfor carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other \nPowers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the \nUnited States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.\n Section 9. \\1\\The Migration or Importation of such Persons \nas any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, \nshall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one \nthousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be \nimposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each \nPerson.\n \\2\\The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be \nsuspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the \npublic Safety may require it.\n \\3\\No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be \npassed.\n \\4\\No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, \nunless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before \ndirected to be taken.\\7\\\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\7\\This clause has been affected by amendment XVI.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n \\5\\No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from \nany State.\n \\6\\No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of \nCommerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of \nanother: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be \nobliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.\n \\7\\No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in \nConsequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular \nStatement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all \npublic Money shall be published from time to time.\n \\8\\No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United \nStates: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust \nunder them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept \nof any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind \nwhatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.\n Section 10. \\1\\No State shall enter into any Treaty, \nAlliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and \nReprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but \ngold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any \nBill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the \nObligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.\n \\2\\No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay \nany Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be \nabsolutely necessary for executing its inspection Laws: and the \nnet Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on \nImports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the \nUnited States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the \nRevision and Control of the Congress.\n \\3\\No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any \nDuty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, \nenter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with \na foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or \nin such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.\n\n Article II.\n\n Section 1. \\1\\The executive Power shall be vested in a \nPresident of the United States of America. He shall hold his \nOffice during the Term of four Years, and, together with the \nVice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as \nfollows\n \\2\\Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the \nLegislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to \nthe whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the \nState may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or \nRepresentative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit \nunder the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.\n \\3\\The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and \nvote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not \nbe an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they \nshall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the \nNumber of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and \ncertify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of \nthe United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The \nPresident of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate \nand House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and \nthe Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest \nNumber of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a \nMajority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if \nthere be more than one who have such Majority, and have an \nequal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall \nimmediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if \nno Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the \nList the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. \nBut in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by \nStates, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A \nquorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members \nfrom two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States \nshall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice \nof the President, the Person having the greatest Number of \nVotes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there \nshould remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate \nshall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.\\8\\\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\8\\This clause has been superseded by amendment XII.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n \\4\\The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the \nElectors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; \nwhich Day shall be the same throughout the United States.\n \\5\\No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of \nthe United States, at the time of the Adoption of this \nConstitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; \nneither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall \nnot have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been \nfourteen Years a Resident within the United States.\n \\6\\In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or \nof his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers \nand Duties of the said Office,\\9\\ the Same shall devolve on the \nVice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the \nCase of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the \nPresident and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then \nact as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until \nthe Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\9\\This clause has been affected by amendment XXV.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n \\7\\The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his \nServices, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor \ndiminished during the Period for which he shall have been \nelected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other \nEmolument from the United States, or any of them.\n \\8\\Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall \ntake the following Oath or Affirmation:--``I do solemnly swear \n(or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of \nPresident of the United States, and will to the best of my \nAbility, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the \nUnited States.''\n Section 2. \\1\\The President shall be Commander in Chief of \nthe Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of \nthe several States, when called into the actual Service of the \nUnited States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the \nprincipal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon \nany Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, \nand he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for \nOffences against the United States, except in Cases of \nImpeachment.\n \\2\\He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent \nof the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the \nSenators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with \nthe Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint \nAmbassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the \nsupreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, \nwhose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and \nwhich shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law \nvest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think \nproper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the \nHeads of Departments.\n \\3\\The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies \nthat may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting \nCommissions which shall expire at the End of their next \nSession.\n Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress \nInformation of the State of the Union, and recommend to their \nConsideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and \nexpedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both \nHouses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between \nthem, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn \nthem to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive \nAmbassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that \nthe Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the \nOfficers of the United States.\n Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil \nOfficers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on \nImpeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other \nhigh Crimes and Misdemeanors.\n\n Article III.\n\n Section 1. The judicial Power of the United States, shall \nbe vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as \nthe Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The \nJudges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold \ntheir Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated \nTimes, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall \nnot be diminished during their Continuance in Office.\n Section 2. \\1\\The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, \nin Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of \nthe United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, \nunder their Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, \nother public Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty \nand maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which the \nUnited States will be a party;--to Controversies between two or \nmore States;--between a State and Citizens of another \nState;\\10\\--between Citizens of different States,--between \nCitizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of \ndifferent States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, \nand foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\10\\This clause has been affected by amendment XI.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n \\2\\In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public \nMinisters and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be \nParty, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In \nall the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall \nhave appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such \nExceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall \nmake.\n \\3\\The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, \nshall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State \nwhere the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not \ncommitted within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or \nPlaces as the Congress may by Law have directed.\n Section 3. \\1\\Treason against the United States, shall \nconsist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to \ntheir Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be \nconvicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses \nto the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.\n \\2\\The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment \nof Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption \nof Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person \nattainted.\n\n Article IV.\n\n Section 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each \nState to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of \nevery other State. And the Congress may by general Laws \nprescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and \nProceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.\n Section 2. \\1\\The Citizens of each State shall be entitled \nto all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several \nStates.\n \\2\\A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or \nother Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in \nanother State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of \nthe State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to \nthe State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.\n \\3\\No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under \nthe Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence \nof any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such \nService or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the \nParty to whom such Service or Labour may be due.\\11\\\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\11\\This clause has been affected by amendment XIII.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Section 3. \\1\\New States may be admitted by the Congress \ninto this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected \nwithin the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be \nformed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of \nStates, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States \nconcerned as well as of the Congress.\n \\2\\The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all \nneedful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other \nProperty belonging to the United States; and nothing in this \nConstitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims \nof the United States, or of any particular State.\n Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State \nin this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall \nprotect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of \nthe Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature \ncannot be convened) against domestic Violence.\n\n Article V.\n\n The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem \nit necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, \nor, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the \nseveral States, shall call a Convention for proposing \nAmendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all \nIntents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when \nratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several \nStates, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one \nor the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the \nCongress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to \nthe Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any \nManner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section \nof the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, \nshall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.\n\n Article VI.\n\n \\1\\All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, \nbefore the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid \nagainst the United States under this Constitution, as under the \nConfederation.\n \\2\\This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States \nwhich shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties \nmade, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United \nStates, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in \nevery State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the \nConstitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary \nnotwithstanding.\n \\3\\The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and \nthe Members of the several State Legislatures, and all \nexecutive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and \nof the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, \nto support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever \nbe required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust \nunder the United States.\n\n Article VII.\n\n The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall \nbe sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution \nbetween the States so ratifying the Same.\n\ndone in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the \n Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one \n thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence \n of the United States of America the Twelfth\n \nIn witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names,\n\n G\\O\\. WASHINGTON--Presid\\t\\.\n and deputy from Virginia\n\n [Signed also by the deputies of twelve States.]\n\nDelaware\n New Hampshire\n\n Geo: Read\n John Langdon\n Gunning Bedford jun\n Nicholas Gilman\n John Dickinson\n Richard Bassett\n Massachusetts\n Jaco: Broom\n Nathaniel Gorham\nMaryland\n Rufus King\n\n James M\\c\\Henry\n Connecticut\n Dan of S\\t\\ Tho\\s\\ Jenifer\n Dan\\l\\ Carroll\n W\\m\\. Sam\\l\\. Johnson\n Roger Sherman\nVirginia\n New York\n John Blair\n James Madison Jr.\n Alexander Hamilton\n\nNorth Carolina\n New Jersey\n\n W\\m\\ Blount\n Wil: Livingston\n Rich\\d\\. Dobbs Spaight\n David Brearley\n Hu Williamson\n W\\m\\. Paterson\n Jona: Dayton\nSouth Carolina\n Pennsylvania\n J. Rutledge\n Charles Cotesworth Pinckney\n B Franklin\n Charles Pinckney\n Thomas Mifflin\n Pierce Butler\n Rob\\t\\ Morris\n Geo. Clymer\nGeorgia\n Tho\\s\\. FitzSimons\n Jared Ingersoll\n William Few\n James Wilson\n Abr Baldwin\n Gouv Morris\n\nAttest: William Jackson Secretary\nARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, THE CONSTITUTION OF THE \n UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PROPOSED BY CONGRESS, AND RATIFIED BY THE \n LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL STATES, PURSUANT TO THE FIFTH ARTICLE \n OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION\\12\\\n\n Article [I.]\\13\\\n\n Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of \nreligion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or \nabridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; of the right \nof the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the \nGovernment for a redress of grievances.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\12\\The first ten amendments of the Constitution of the United States \n(and two others, one of which failed of ratification and the other \nwhich later became the 27th amendment) were proposed to the \nlegislatures of the several States by the First Congress on September \n25, 1789. The first ten amendments were ratified by the following \nStates, and the notifications of ratification by the Governors thereof \nwere successively communicated by the President to Congress: New \nJersey, November 20, 1789; Maryland, December 19, 1789; North Carolina, \nDecember 22, 1789; South Carolina, January 19, 1790; New Hampshire, \nJanuary 25, 1790; Delaware, January 28, 1790; New York, February 24, \n1790; Pennsylvania, March 10, 1790; Rhode Island, June 7, 1790; \nVermont, November 3, 1791; and Virginia, December 15, 1791.\n * * * * * \nRatification was completed on December 15, 1791.\n * * * * * \nThe amendments were subsequently ratified by the legislatures of \nMassachusetts, March 2, 1939; Georgia, March 18, 1939; and Connecticut, \nApril 19, 1939.\n * * * * * \n\\13\\Only the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th articles of amendment had \nnumbers assigned to them at the time of ratification.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n Article [II.]\n\n A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security \nof a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, \nshall not be infringed.\n\n Article [III.]\n\n No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any \nhouse, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, \nbut in a manner to be prescribed by law.\n\n Article [IV.]\n\n The right of the people to be secure in their persons, \nhouses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and \nseizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, \nbut upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and \nparticularly describing the place to be searched, and the \npersons or things to be seized.\n\n Article [V.]\n\n No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or \notherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment \nof a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval \nforces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of \nWar or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the \nsame offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor \nshall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against \nhimself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without \ndue process of law; nor shall private property be taken for \npublic use, without just compensation.\n\n Article [VI.]\n\n In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the \nright to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the \nState and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, \nwhich district shall have been previously ascertained by law, \nand to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; \nto be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have \ncompulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to \nhave the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.\n\n Article [VII.]\n\n In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy \nshall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall \nbe preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise \nre-examined in any Court of the United States, than according \nto the rules of the common law.\n\n Article [VIII.]\n\n Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines \nimposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.\n\n Article [IX.]\n\n The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, \nshall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by \nthe people.\n\n Article [X.]\n\n The powers not delegated to the United States by the \nConstitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved \nto the States respectively, or to the people.\n\n Article [XI.]\n\n The Judicial power of the United States shall not be \nconstrued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or \nprosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of \nanother State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The eleventh amendment to the Constitution of the United States was \nproposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Third \nCongress, on the 4th of March 1794; and was declared in a message from \nthe President to Congress, dated the 8th of January, 1798, to have been \nratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the States. The dates \nof ratification were: New York, March 27, 1794; Rhode Island, March 31, \n1794; Connecticut, May 8, 1794; New Hampshire, June 16, 1794; \nMassachusetts, June 26, 1794; Vermont, between October 9, 1794 and \nNovember 9, 1794; Virginia, November 18, 1794; Georgia, November 29, \n1794; Kentucky, December 7, 1794; Maryland, December 26, 1794; \nDelaware, January 23, 1795; North Carolina, February 7, 1795.\n Ratification was completed on February 7, 1795.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by South Carolina on \nDecember 4, 1797. New Jersey and Pennsylvania did not take action on \nthe amendment.\n\n Article [XII.]\n\n The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and \nvote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, \nat least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with \nthemselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted \nfor as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for \nas Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all \npersons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as \nVice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which \nlists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the \nseat of the government of the United States, directed to the \nPresident of the Senate;--The President of the Senate shall, in \nthe presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open \nall the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;--The \nperson having the greatest number of votes for President, shall \nbe the President, if such number be a majority of the whole \nnumber of Electors appointed; and if no person have such \nmajority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not \nexceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, \nthe House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by \nballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes \nshall be taken by states, the representation from each state \nhaving one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a \nmember or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority \nof all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the \nHouse of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever \nthe right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth \nday of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act \nas President, as in the case of the death or other \nconstitutional disability of the President.\\14\\--The person \nhaving the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be \nthe Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole \nnumber of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, \nthen from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall \nchoose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall \nconsist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a \nmajority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. \nBut no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of \nPresident shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the \nUnited States.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\14\\This sentence has been superseded by section 3 of amendment XX.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The twelfth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was \nproposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Eighth \nCongress, on the 9th of December, 1803, in lieu of the original third \nparagraph of the first section of the second article; and was declared \nin a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 25th of \nSeptember, 1804, to have been ratified by the legislatures of 13 of the \n17 States. The dates of ratification were: North Carolina, December 21, \n1803; Maryland, December 24, 1803; Kentucky, December 27, 1803; Ohio, \nDecember 30, 1803; Pennsylvania, January 5, 1804; Vermont, January 30, \n1804; Virginia, February 3, 1804; New York, February 10, 1804; New \nJersey, February 22, 1804; Rhode Island, March 12, 1804; South \nCarolina, May 15, 1804; Georgia, May 19, 1804; New Hampshire, June 15, \n1804.\n Ratification was completed on June 15, 1804.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Tennessee, July 27, \n1804.\n The amendment was rejected by Delaware, January 18, 1804; \nMassachusetts, February 3, 1804; Connecticut, at its session begun May \n10, 1804.\n\n Article XIII.\n\n Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, \nexcept as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have \nbeen duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or \nany place subject to their jurisdiction.\n Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this \narticle by appropriate legislation.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The thirteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States \nwas proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Thirty-\neighth Congress, on the 31st day of January, 1865, and was declared, in \na proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 18th of December, \n1865, to have been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-seven of the \nthirty-six States. The dates of ratification were: Illinois, February \n1, 1865; Rhode Island, February 2, 1865; Michigan, February 2, 1865; \nMaryland, February 3, 1865; New York, February 3, 1865; Pennsylvania, \nFebruary 3, 1865; West Virginia, February 3, 1865; Missouri, February \n6, 1865; Maine, February 7, 1865; Kansas, February 7, 1865; \nMassachusetts, February 7, 1865; Virginia, February 9, 1865; Ohio, \nFebruary 10, 1865; Indiana, February 13, 1865; Nevada, February 16, \n1865; Louisiana, February 17, 1865; Minnesota, February 23, 1865; \nWisconsin, February 24, 1865; Vermont, March 9, 1865; Tennessee, April \n7, 1865; Arkansas, April 14, 1865; Connecticut, May 4, 1865; New \nHampshire, July 1, 1865; South Carolina, November 13, 1865; Alabama, \nDecember 2, 1865; North Carolina, December 4, 1865; Georgia, December \n6, 1865.\n Ratification was completed on December 6, 1865.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Oregon, December 8, \n1865; California, December 19, 1865; Florida, December 28, 1865 \n(Florida again ratified on June 9, 1868, upon its adoption of a new \nconstitution); Iowa, January 15, 1866; New Jersey, January 23, 1866 \n(after having rejected the amendment on March 16, 1865); Texas, \nFebruary 18, 1870; Delaware, February 12, 1901 (after having rejected \nthe amendment on February 8, 1865); Kentucky, March 18, 1976 (after \nhaving rejected it on February 24, 1865).\n The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by \nMississippi, December 4, 1865.\n\n Article XIV.\n\n Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United \nStates, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens \nof the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No \nState shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the \nprivileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor \nshall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or \nproperty, without due process of law; nor deny to any person \nwithin its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.\n Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the \nseveral States according to their respective numbers, counting \nthe whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians \nnot taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the \nchoice of electors for President and Vice President of the \nUnited States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and \nJudicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature \nthereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such \nState, being twenty-one years of age,\\15\\ and citizens of the \nUnited States, or in any way abridged, except for participation \nin rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation \ntherein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of \nsuch male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male \ncitizens twenty-one years of age in such State.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\15\\See amendment XIX and section 1 of amendment XXVI.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative \nin Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or \nhold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or \nunder any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a \nmember of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or \nas a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or \njudicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of \nthe United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or \nrebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the \nenemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of \neach House, remove such disability.\n Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United \nStates, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment \nof pensions and bounties for services in suppressing \ninsurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither \nthe United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or \nobligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against \nthe United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of \nany slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be \nheld illegal and void.\n Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by \nappropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States \nwas proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Thirty-\nninth Congress, on the 13th of June, 1866. It was declared, in a \ncertificate of the Secretary of State dated July 28, 1868 to have been \nratified by the legislatures of 28 of the 37 States. The dates of \nratification were: Connecticut, June 25, 1866; New Hampshire, July 6, \n1866; Tennessee, July 19, 1866; New Jersey, September 11, 1866 \n(subsequently the legislature rescinded its ratification, and on March \n24, 1868, readopted its resolution of rescission over the Governor's \nveto, and on November 12, 1980, expressed support for the amendment); \nOregon, September 19, 1866 (and rescinded its ratification on October \n15, 1868); Vermont, October 30, 1866; Ohio, January 4, 1867 (and \nrescinded its ratification on January 15, 1868); New York, January 10, \n1867; Kansas, January 11, 1867; Illinois, January 15, 1867; West \nVirginia, January 16, 1867; Michigan, January 16, 1867; Minnesota, \nJanuary 16, 1867; Maine, January 19, 1867; Nevada, January 22, 1867; \nIndiana, January 23, 1867; Missouri, January 25, 1867; Rhode Island, \nFebruary 7, 1867; Wisconsin, February 7, 1867; Pennsylvania, February \n12, 1867; Massachusetts, March 20, 1867; Nebraska, June 15, 1867; Iowa, \nMarch 16, 1868; Arkansas, April 6, 1868; Florida, June 9, 1868; North \nCarolina, July 4, 1868 (after having rejected it on December 14, 1866); \nLouisiana, July 9, 1868 (after having rejected it on February 6, 1867); \nSouth Carolina, July 9, 1868 (after having rejected it on December 20, \n1866).\n Ratification was completed on July 9, 1868.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Alabama, July 13, 1868; \nGeorgia, July 21, 1868 (after having rejected it on November 9, 1866); \nVirginia, October 8, 1869 (after having rejected it on January 9, \n1867); Mississippi, January 17, 1870; Texas, February 18, 1870 (after \nhaving rejected it on October 27, 1866); Delaware, February 12, 1901 \n(after having rejected it on February 8, 1867); Maryland, April 4, 1959 \n(after having rejected it on March 23, 1867); California, May 6, 1959; \nKentucky, March 18, 1976 (after having rejected it on January 8, 1867).\n\n Article XV.\n\n Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to \nvote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by \nany State on account of race, color, or previous condition of \nservitude.\n Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this \narticle by appropriate legislation.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States \nwas proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Fortieth \nCongress, on the 26th of February, 1869, and was declared, in a \nproclamation of the Secretary of State, dated March 30, 1870, to have \nbeen ratified by the legislatures of twenty-nine of the thirty-seven \nStates. The dates of ratification were: Nevada, March 1, 1869; West \nVirginia, March 3, 1869; Illinois, March 5, 1869; Louisiana, March 5, \n1869; North Carolina, March 5, 1869; Michigan, March 8, 1869; \nWisconsin, March 9, 1869; Maine, March 11, 1869; Massachusetts, March \n12, 1869; Arkansas, March 15, 1869; South Carolina, March 15, 1869; \nPennsylvania, March 25, 1869; New York, April 14, 1869 (and the \nlegislature of the same State passed a resolution January 5, 1870, to \nwithdraw its consent to it, which action it rescinded on March 30, \n1970); Indiana, May 14, 1869; Connecticut, May 19, 1869; Florida, June \n14, 1869; New Hampshire, July 1, 1869; Virginia, October 8, 1869; \nVermont, October 20, 1869; Missouri, January 7, 1870; Minnesota, \nJanuary 13, 1870; Mississippi, January 17, 1870; Rhode Island, January \n18, 1870; Kansas, January 19, 1870; Ohio, January 27, 1870 (after \nhaving rejected it on April 30, 1869); Georgia, February 2, 1870; Iowa, \nFebruary 3, 1870.\n Ratification was completed on February 3, 1870, unless the \nwithdrawal of ratification by New York was effective; in which event \nratification was completed on February 17, 1870, when Nebraska \nratified.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Texas, February 18, \n1870; New Jersey, February 15, 1871 (after having rejected it on \nFebruary 7, 1870); Delaware, February 12, 1901 (after having rejected \nit on March 18, 1869); Oregon, February 24, 1959; California, April 3, \n1962 (after having rejected it on January 28, 1870); Kentucky, March \n18, 1976 (after having rejected it on March 12, 1869); Tennessee, April \n8, 1997 (after having rejected it on November 16, 1869).\n The amendment was approved by the Governor of Maryland, May 7, \n1973; Maryland having previously rejected it on February 26, 1870.\n\n Article XVI.\n\n The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on \nincomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment \namong the several States, and without regard to any census or \nenumeration.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The sixteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States \nwas proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-\nfirst Congress on the 12th of July, 1909, and was declared, in a \nproclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 25th of February, \n1913, to have been ratified by 36 of the 48 States. The dates of \nratification were: Alabama, August 10, 1909; Kentucky, February 8, \n1910; South Carolina, February 19, 1910; Illinois, March 1, 1910; \nMississippi, March 7, 1910; Oklahoma, March 10, 1910; Maryland, April \n8, 1910; Georgia, August 3, 1910; Texas, August 16, 1910; Ohio, January \n19, 1911; Idaho, January 20, 1911; Oregon, January 23, 1911; \nWashington, January 26, 1911; Montana, January 30, 1911; Indiana, \nJanuary 30, 1911; California, January 31, 1911; Nevada, January 31, \n1911; South Dakota, February 3, 1911; Nebraska, February 9, 1911; North \nCarolina, February 11, 1911; Colorado, February 15, 1911; North Dakota, \nFebruary 17, 1911; Kansas, February 18, 1911; Michigan, February 23, \n1911; Iowa, February 24, 1911; Missouri, March 16, 1911; Maine, March \n31, 1911; Tennessee, April 7, 1911; Arkansas, April 22, 1911 (after \nhaving rejected it earlier); Wisconsin, May 26, 1911; New York, July \n12, 1911; Arizona, April 6, 1912; Minnesota, June 11, 1912; Louisiana, \nJune 28, 1912; West Virginia, January 31, 1913; New Mexico, February 3, \n1913.\n Ratification was completed on February 3, 1913.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Massachusetts, March 4, \n1913; New Hampshire, March 7, 1913 (after having rejected it on March \n2, 1911).\n The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by \nConnecticut, Rhode Island, and Utah.\n\n Article [XVII.]\n\n The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two \nSenators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for \nsix years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors \nin each State shall have the qualifications requisite for \nelectors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.\n When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in \nthe Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue \nwrits of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the \nlegislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to \nmake temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies \nby election as the legislature may direct.\n This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the \nelection or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid \nas part of the Constitution.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The seventeenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States \nwas proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-\nsecond Congress on the 13th of May, 1912, and was declared, in a \nproclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 31st of May, 1913, to \nhave been ratified by the legislatures of 36 of the 48 States. The \ndates of ratification were: Massachusetts, May 22, 1912; Arizona, June \n3, 1912; Minnesota, June 10, 1912; New York, January 15, 1913; Kansas, \nJanuary 17, 1913; Oregon, January 23, 1913; North Carolina, January 25, \n1913; California, January 28, 1913; Michigan, January 28, 1913; Iowa, \nJanuary 30, 1913; Montana, January 30, 1913; Idaho, January 31, 1913; \nWest Virginia, February 4, 1913; Colorado, February 5, 1913; Nevada, \nFebruary 6, 1913; Texas, February 7, 1913; Washington, February 7, \n1913; Wyoming, February 8, 1913; Arkansas, February 11, 1913; Maine, \nFebruary 11, 1913; Illinois, February 13, 1913; North Dakota, February \n14, 1913; Wisconsin, February 18, 1913; Indiana, February 19, 1913; New \nHampshire, February 19, 1913; Vermont, February 19, 1913; South Dakota, \nFebruary 19, 1913; Oklahoma, February 24, 1913; Ohio, February 25, \n1913; Missouri, March 7, 1913; New Mexico, March 13, 1913; Nebraska, \nMarch 14, 1913; New Jersey, March 17, 1913; Tennessee, April 1, 1913; \nPennsylvania, April 2, 1913; Connecticut, April 8, 1913.\n Ratification was completed on April 8, 1913.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Louisiana, June 11, \n1914.\n The amendment was rejected by Utah (and not subsequently ratified) \non February 26, 1913.\n\n Article [XVIII.]\\16\\\n\n Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this \narticle the manufacture, sale, or transportation of \nintoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or \nthe exportation thereof from the United States and all \nterritory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage \npurposes is hereby prohibited.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\16\\Repealed by section 1 of amendment XXI.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Section 2. The Congress and the several States shall have \nconcurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate \nlegislation.\n Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it \nshall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by \nthe legislatures of the several States, as provided in the \nConstitution, within seven years from the date of the \nsubmission hereof to the States by the Congress.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The eighteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States \nwas proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-\nfifth Congress, on the 18th of December, 1917, and was declared, in a \nproclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 29th of January, \n1919, to have been ratified by the legislatures of 36 of the 48 States. \nThe dates of ratification were: Mississippi, January 8, 1918; Virginia, \nJanuary 11, 1918; Kentucky, January 14, 1918; North Dakota, January 25, \n1918; South Carolina, January 29, 1918; Maryland, February 13, 1918; \nMontana, February 19, 1918; Texas, March 4, 1918; Delaware, March 18, \n1918; South Dakota, March 20, 1918; Massachusetts, April 2, 1918; \nArizona, May 24, 1918; Georgia, June 26, 1918; Louisiana, August 3, \n1918; Florida, December 3, 1918; Michigan, January 2, 1919; Ohio, \nJanuary 7, 1919; Oklahoma, January 7, 1919; Idaho, January 8, 1919; \nMaine, January 8, 1919; West Virginia, January 9, 1919; California, \nJanuary 13, 1919; Tennessee, January 13, 1919; Washington, January 13, \n1919; Arkansas, January 14, 1919; Kansas, January 14, 1919; Alabama, \nJanuary 15, 1919; Colorado, January 15, 1919; Iowa, January 15, 1919; \nNew Hampshire, January 15, 1919; Oregon, January 15, 1919; Nebraska, \nJanuary 16, 1919; North Carolina, January 16, 1919; Utah, January 16, \n1919; Missouri, January 16, 1919; Wyoming, January 16, 1919.\n Ratification was completed on January 16, 1919. See Dillon v. \nGloss, 256 U.S. 368, 376 (1921).\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Minnesota on January 17, \n1919; Wisconsin, January 17, 1919; New Mexico, January 20, 1919; \nNevada, January 21, 1919; New York, January 29, 1919; Vermont, January \n29, 1919; Pennsylvania, February 25, 1919; Connecticut, May 6, 1919; \nand New Jersey, March 9, 1922.\n The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by Rhode \nIsland.\n\n Article [XIX.]\n\n The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall \nnot be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State \non account of sex.\n Congress shall have power to enforce this article by \nappropriate legislation.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The nineteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States \nwas proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-\nsixth Congress, on the 4th of June, 1919, and was declared, in a \nproclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 26th of August, 1920, \nto have been ratified by the legislatures of 36 of the 48 States. The \ndates of ratification were: Illinois, June 10, 1919 (and that State \nreadopted its resolution of ratification June 17, 1919); Michigan, June \n10, 1919; Wisconsin, June 10, 1919; Kansas, June 16, 1919; New York, \nJune 16, 1919; Ohio, June 16, 1919; Pennsylvania, June 24, 1919; \nMassachusetts, June 25, 1919; Texas, June 28, 1919; Iowa, July 2, 1919; \nMissouri, July 3, 1919; Arkansas, July 28, 1919; Montana, August 2, \n1919; Nebraska, August 2, 1919; Minnesota, September 8, 1919; New \nHampshire, September 10, 1919; Utah, October 2, 1919; California, \nNovember 1, 1919; Maine, November 5, 1919; North Dakota, December 1, \n1919; South Dakota, December 4, 1919; Colorado, December 15, 1919; \nKentucky, January 6, 1920; Rhode Island, January 6, 1920; Oregon, \nJanuary 13, 1920; Indiana, January 16, 1920; Wyoming, January 27, 1920; \nNevada, February 7, 1920; New Jersey, February 9, 1920; Idaho, February \n11, 1920; Arizona, February 12, 1920; New Mexico, February 21, 1920; \nOklahoma, February 28, 1920; West Virginia, March 10, 1920; Washington, \nMarch 22, 1920; Tennessee, August 18, 1920.\n Ratification was completed on August 18, 1920.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Connecticut on September \n14, 1920 (and that State reaffirmed it on September 21, 1920); Vermont, \nFebruary 8, 1921; Delaware, March 6, 1923 (after having rejected it on \nJune 2, 1920); Maryland, March 29, 1941 (after having rejected it on \nFebruary 24, 1920, ratification certified on February 25, 1958); \nVirginia, February 21, 1952 (after having rejected it on February 12, \n1920); Alabama, September 8, 1953 (after having rejected it on \nSeptember 22, 1919); Florida, May 13, 1969; South Carolina, July 1, \n1969 (after having rejected it on January 28, 1920, ratification \ncertified on August 22, 1973); Georgia, February 20, 1970 (after having \nrejected it on July 24, 1919); Louisiana, June 11, 1970 (after having \nrejected it on July 1, 1920); North Carolina, May 6, 1971; Mississippi, \nMarch 22, 1984 (after having rejected it on March 29, 1920).\n\n Article [XX.]\n\n Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice President \nshall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of \nSenators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, \nof the years in which such terms would have ended if this \narticle had not been ratified; and the terms of their \nsuccessors shall then begin.\n Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in \nevery year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day \nof January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.\n Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the \nterm of the President, the President elect shall have died, the \nVice President elect shall become President. If a President \nshall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the \nbeginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have \nfailed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as \nPresident until a President shall have qualified; and the \nCongress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a \nPresident elect nor a Vice President elect shall have \nqualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the \nmanner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such \nperson shall act accordingly until a President or Vice \nPresident shall have qualified.\n Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of \nthe death of any of the persons from whom the House of \nRepresentatives may choose a President whenever the right of \nchoice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the \ndeath of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a \nVice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved \nupon them.\n Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th \nday of October following the ratification of this article.\n Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it \nshall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by \nthe legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within \nseven years from the date of its submission.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The twentieth amendment to the Constitution was proposed to the \nlegislatures of the several states by the Seventy-Second Congress, on \nthe 2d day of March, 1932, and was declared, in a proclamation by the \nSecretary of State, dated on the 6th day of February, 1933, to have \nbeen ratified by the legislatures of 36 of the 48 States. The dates of \nratification were: Virginia, March 4, 1932; New York, March 11, 1932; \nMississippi, March 16, 1932; Arkansas, March 17, 1932; Kentucky, March \n17, 1932; New Jersey, March 21, 1932; South Carolina, March 25, 1932; \nMichigan, March 31, 1932; Maine, April 1, 1932; Rhode Island, April 14, \n1932; Illinois, April 21, 1932; Louisiana, June 22, 1932; West \nVirginia, July 30, 1932; Pennsylvania, August 11, 1932; Indiana, August \n15, 1932; Texas, September 7, 1932; Alabama, September 13, 1932; \nCalifornia, January 4, 1933; North Carolina, January 5, 1933; North \nDakota, January 9, 1933; Minnesota, January 12, 1933; Arizona, January \n13, 1933; Montana, January 13, 1933; Nebraska, January 13, 1933; \nOklahoma, January 13, 1933; Kansas, January 16, 1933; Oregon, January \n16, 1933; Delaware, January 19, 1933; Washington, January 19, 1933; \nWyoming, January 19, 1933; Iowa, January 20, 1933; South Dakota, \nJanuary 20, 1933; Tennessee, January 20, 1933; Idaho, January 21, 1933; \nNew Mexico, January 21, 1933; Georgia, January 23, 1933; Missouri, \nJanuary 23, 1933; Ohio, January 23, 1933; Utah, January 23, 1933.\n Ratification was completed on January 23, 1933.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Massachusetts on January \n24, 1933; Wisconsin, January 24, 1933; Colorado, January 24, 1933; \nNevada, January 26, 1933; Connecticut, January 27, 1933; New Hampshire, \nJanuary 31, 1933; Vermont, February 2, 1933; Maryland, March 24, 1933; \nFlorida, April 26, 1933.\n\n Article [XXI.]\n\n Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the \nConstitution of the United States is hereby repealed.\n Section 2. The transportation or importation into any \nState, Territory, or possession of the United States for \ndelivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation \nof the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.\n Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it \nshall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by \nconventions in the several States, as provided in the \nConstitution, within seven years from the date of the \nsubmission hereof to the States by the Congress.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n The twenty-first amendment to the Constitution was proposed to the \nseveral states by the Seventy-Second Congress, on the 20th day of \nFebruary, 1933, and was declared, in a proclamation by the Secretary of \nState, dated on the 5th day of December, 1933, to have been ratified by \n36 of the 48 States. The dates of ratification were: Michigan, April \n10, 1933; Wisconsin, April 25, 1933; Rhode Island, May 8, 1933; \nWyoming, May 25, 1933; New Jersey, June 1, 1933; Delaware, June 24, \n1933; Indiana, June 26, 1933; Massachusetts, June 26, 1933; New York, \nJune 27, 1933; Illinois, July 10, 1933; Iowa, July 10, 1933; \nConnecticut, July 11, 1933; New Hampshire, July 11, 1933; California, \nJuly 24, 1933; West Virginia, July 25, 1933; Arkansas, August 1, 1933; \nOregon, August 7, 1933; Alabama, August 8, 1933; Tennessee, August 11, \n1933; Missouri, August 29, 1933; Arizona, September 5, 1933; Nevada, \nSeptember 5, 1933; Vermont, September 23, 1933; Colorado, September 26, \n1933; Washington, October 3, 1933; Minnesota, October 10, 1933; Idaho, \nOctober 17, 1933, Maryland, October 18, 1933; Virginia, October 25, \n1933; New Mexico, November 2, 1933; Florida, November 14, 1933; Texas, \nNovember 24, 1933; Kentucky, November 27, 1933; Ohio, December 5, 1933; \nPennsylvania, December 5, 1933; Utah, December 5, 1933.\n Ratification was completed on December 5, 1933.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Maine, on December 6, \n1933, and by Montana, on August 6, 1934.\n The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by South \nCarolina, on December 4, 1933.\n\n Article [XXII.]\n\n Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the \nPresident more than twice, and no person who has held the \noffice of President, or acted as President, for more than two \nyears of a term of which some other person was elected \nPresident shall be elected to the office of the President more \nthan once. But this Article shall not apply to any person \nholding the office of President when this Article was proposed \nby the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be \nholding the office of President, or acting as President, during \nthe term within which this Article becomes operative from \nholding the office of President or acting as President during \nthe remainder of such term.\n Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it \nshall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by \nthe legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within \nseven years from the date of its submission to the States by \nthe Congress.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n This amendment was proposed to the legislatures of the several \nStates by the Eightieth Congress on March 21, 1947 by House Joint Res. \nNo. 27, and was declared by the Administrator of General Services, on \nMarch 1, 1951, to have been ratified by the legislatures of 36 of the \n48 States. The dates of ratification were: Maine, March 31, 1947; \nMichigan, March 31, 1947; Iowa, April 1, 1947; Kansas, April 1, 1947; \nNew Hampshire, April 1, 1947; Delaware, April 2, 1947; Illinois, April \n3, 1947; Oregon, April 3, 1947; Colorado, April 12, 1947; California, \nApril 15, 1947; New Jersey, April 15, 1947; Vermont, April 15, 1947; \nOhio, April 16, 1947; Wisconsin, April 16, 1947; Pennsylvania, April \n29, 1947; Connecticut, May 21, 1947; Missouri, May 22, 1947; Nebraska, \nMay 23, 1947; Virginia, January 28, 1948; Mississippi, February 12, \n1948; New York, March 9, 1948; South Dakota, January 21, 1949; North \nDakota, February 25, 1949; Louisiana, May 17, 1950; Montana, January \n25, 1951; Indiana, January 29, 1951; Idaho, January 30, 1951; New \nMexico, February 12, 1951; Wyoming, February 12, 1951; Arkansas, \nFebruary 15, 1951; Georgia, February 17, 1951; Tennessee, February 20, \n1951; Texas, February 22, 1951; Nevada, February 26, 1951; Utah, \nFebruary 26, 1951; Minnesota, February 27, 1951.\n Ratification was completed on February 27, 1951.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by North Carolina on \nFebruary 28, 1951; South Carolina, March 13, 1951; Maryland, March 14, \n1951; Florida, April 16, 1951; Alabama, May 4, 1951.\n The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by \nOklahoma in June 1947, and Massachusetts on June 9, 1949.\n\n Certification of Validity\n\n Publication of the certifying statement of the Administrator of \nGeneral Services that the amendment had become valid was made on March \n1, 1951, F.R. Doc. 51-2940, 16 F.R. 2019.\n\n Article [XXIII.]\n\n Section 1. The District constituting the seat of Government \nof the United States shall appoint in such manner as the \nCongress may direct:\n A number of electors of President and Vice President equal \nto the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress \nto which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but \nin no event more than the least populous State; they shall be \nin addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be \nconsidered, for the purposes of the election of President and \nVice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they \nshall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided \nby the twelfth article of amendment.\n Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this \narticle by appropriate legislation.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n This amendment was proposed by the Eighty-sixth Congress on June \n17, 1960 and was declared by the Administrator of General Services on \nApril 3, 1961, to have been ratified by 38 of the 50 States. The dates \nof ratification were: Hawaii, June 23, 1960 (and that State made a \ntechnical correction to its resolution on June 30, 1960); \nMassachusetts, August 22, 1960; New Jersey, December 19, 1960; New \nYork, January 17, 1961; California, January 19, 1961; Oregon, January \n27, 1961; Maryland, January 30, 1961; Idaho, January 31, 1961; Maine, \nJanuary 31, 1961; Minnesota, January 31, 1961; New Mexico, February 1, \n1961; Nevada, February 2, 1961; Montana, February 6, 1961; South \nDakota, February 6, 1961; Colorado, February 8, 1961; Washington, \nFebruary 9, 1961; West Virginia, February 9, 1961; Alaska, February 10, \n1961; Wyoming, February 13, 1961; Delaware, February 20, 1961; Utah, \nFebruary 21, 1961; Wisconsin, February 21, 1961; Pennsylvania, February \n28, 1961; Indiana, March 3, 1961; North Dakota, March 3, 1961; \nTennessee, March 6, 1961; Michigan, March 8, 1961; Connecticut, March \n9, 1961; Arizona, March 10, 1961; Illinois, March 14, 1961; Nebraska, \nMarch 15, 1961; Vermont, March 15, 1961; Iowa, March 16, 1961; \nMissouri, March 20, 1961; Oklahoma, March 21, 1961; Rhode Island, March \n22, 1961; Kansas, March 29, 1961; Ohio, March 29, 1961.\n Ratification was completed on March 29, 1961.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by New Hampshire on March \n30, 1961 (when that State annulled and then repeated its ratification \nof March 29, 1961).\n The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by \nArkansas on January 24, 1961.\n\n Certification of Validity\n\n Publication of the certifying statement of the Administrator of \nGeneral Services that the amendment had become valid was made on April \n3, 1961, F.R. Doc. 61-3017, 26 F.R. 2808.\n\n Article [XXIV.]\n\n Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to \nvote in any primary or other election for President or Vice \nPresident, for electors for President or Vice President, or for \nSenator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or \nabridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure \nto pay any poll tax or other tax.\n Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this \narticle by appropriate legislation.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n This amendment was proposed by the Eighty-seventh Congress by \nSenate Joint Resolution No. 29, which was approved by the Senate on \nMarch 27, 1962, and by the House of Representatives on August 27, 1962. \nIt was declared by the Administrator of General Services on February 4, \n1964, to have been ratified by the legislatures of 38 of the 50 States.\n This amendment was ratified by the following States: Illinois, \nNovember 14, 1962; New Jersey, December 3, 1962; Oregon, January 25, \n1963; Montana, January 28, 1963; West Virginia, February 1, 1963; New \nYork, February 4, 1963; Maryland, February 6, 1963; California, \nFebruary 7, 1963; Alaska, February 11, 1963; Rhode Island, February 14, \n1963; Indiana, February 19, 1963; Utah, February 20, 1963; Michigan, \nFebruary 20, 1963; Colorado, February 21, 1963; Ohio, February 27, \n1963; Minnesota, February 27, 1963; New Mexico, March 5, 1963; Hawaii, \nMarch 6, 1963; North Dakota, March 7, 1963; Idaho, March 8, 1963; \nWashington, March 14, 1963; Vermont, March 15, 1963; Nevada, March 19, \n1963; Connecticut, March 20, 1963; Tennessee, March 21, 1963; \nPennsylvania, March 25, 1963; Wisconsin, March 26, 1963; Kansas, March \n28, 1963; Massachusetts, March 28, 1963; Nebraska, April 4, 1963; \nFlorida, April 18, 1963; Iowa, April 24, 1963; Delaware, May 1, 1963; \nMissouri, May 13, 1963; New Hampshire, June 12, 1963; Kentucky, June \n27, 1963; Maine, January 16, 1964; South Dakota, January 23, 1964; \nVirginia, February 25, 1977.\n Ratification was completed on January 23, 1964.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by North Carolina on May 3, \n1989.\n The amendment was rejected by Mississippi (and not subsequently \nratified) on December 20, 1962.\n\n Certification of Validity\n\n Publication of the certifying statement of the Administrator of \nGeneral Services that the amendment had become valid was made on \nFebruary 5, 1964, F.R. Doc. 64-1229, 29 F.R. 1715.\n\n Article [XXV.]\n\n Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from \noffice or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall \nbecome President.\n Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the \nVice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President \nwho shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of \nboth Houses of Congress.\n Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the \nPresident pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the \nHouse of Representatives his written declaration that he is \nunable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and \nuntil he transmits to them a written declaration to the \ncontrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the \nVice President as Acting President.\n Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of \neither the principal officers of the executive departments or \nof such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to \nthe President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the \nHouse of Representatives their written declaration that the \nPresident is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his \noffice, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers \nand duties of the office as Acting President.\n Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President \npro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of \nRepresentatives his written declaration that no inability \nexists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office \nunless the Vice President and a majority of either the \nprincipal officers of the executive department\\17\\ or of such \nother body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four \ndays to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker \nof the House of Representatives their written declaration that \nthe President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of \nhis office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, \nassembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in \nsession. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt \nof the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in \nsession, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to \nassemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the \nPresident is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his \noffice, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same \nas Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the \npowers and duties of his office.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\17\\So in original. Probably should be ``departments''.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n This amendment was proposed by the Eighty-ninth Congress by Senate \nJoint Resolution No. 1, which was approved by the Senate on February \n19, 1965, and by the House of Representatives, in amended form, on \nApril 13, 1965. The House of Representatives agreed to a Conference \nReport on June 30, 1965, and the Senate agreed to the Conference Report \non July 6, 1965. It was declared by the Administrator of General \nServices, on February 23, 1967, to have been ratified by the \nlegislatures of 39 of the 50 States.\n This amendment was ratified by the following States: Nebraska, July \n12, 1965; Wisconsin, July 13, 1965; Oklahoma, July 15, 1965; \nMassachusetts, August 9, 1965; Pennsylvania, August 18, 1965; Kentucky, \nSeptember 15, 1965; Arizona, September 22, 1965; Michigan, October 5, \n1965; Indiana, October 20, 1965; California, October 21, 1965; \nArkansas, November 4, 1965; New Jersey, November 29, 1965; Delaware, \nDecember 7, 1965; Utah, January 17, 1966; West Virginia, January 20, \n1966; Maine, January 24, 1966; Rhode Island, January 28, 1966; \nColorado, February 3, 1966; New Mexico, February 3, 1966; Kansas, \nFebruary 8, 1966; Vermont, February 10, 1966; Alaska, February 18, \n1966; Idaho, March 2, 1966; Hawaii, March 3, 1966; Virginia, March 8, \n1966; Mississippi, March 10, 1966; New York, March 14, 1966; Maryland, \nMarch 23, 1966; Missouri, March 30, 1966; New Hampshire, June 13, 1966; \nLouisiana, July 5, 1966; Tennessee, January 12, 1967; Wyoming, January \n25, 1967; Washington, January 26, 1967; Iowa, January 26, 1967; Oregon, \nFebruary 2, 1967; Minnesota, February 10, 1967; Nevada, February 10, \n1967.\n Ratification was completed on February 10, 1967.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Connecticut, February \n14, 1967; Montana, February 15, 1967; South Dakota, March 6, 1967; \nOhio, March 7, 1967; Alabama, March 14, 1967; North Carolina, March 22, \n1967; Illinois, March 22, 1967; Texas, April 25, 1967; Florida, May 25, \n1967.\n\n Certification of Validity\n\n Publication of the certifying statement of the Administrator of \nGeneral Services that the amendment had become valid was made on \nFebruary 25, 1967, F.R. Doc. 67-2208, 32 F.R. 3287.\n\n Article [XXVI.]\n\n Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who \nare eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied \nor abridged by the United States or by any State on account of \nage.\n Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this \narticle by appropriate legislation.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n This amendment was proposed by the Ninety-second Congress by Senate \nJoint Resolution No. 7, which was approved by the Senate on March 10, \n1971, and by the House of Representatives on March 23, 1971. It was \ndeclared by the Administrator of General Services on July 5, 1971, to \nhave been ratified by the legislature of 39 of the 50 States.\n This amendment was ratified by the following States: Connecticut, \nMarch 23, 1971; Delaware, March 23, 1971; Minnesota, March 23, 1971; \nTennessee, March 23, 1971; Washington, March 23, 1971; Hawaii, March \n24, 1971; Massachusetts, March 24, 1971; Montana, March 29, 1971; \nArkansas, March 30, 1971; Idaho, March 30, 1971; Iowa, March 30, 1971; \nNebraska, April 2, 1971; New Jersey, April 3, 1971; Kansas, April 7, \n1971; Michigan, April 7, 1971; Alaska, April 8, 1971; Maryland, April \n8, 1971; Indiana, April 8, 1971; Maine, April 9, 1971; Vermont, April \n16, 1971; Louisiana, April 17, 1971; California, April 19, 1971; \nColorado, April 27, 1971; Pennsylvania, April 27, 1971; Texas, April \n27, 1971; South Carolina, April 28, 1971; West Virginia, April 28, \n1971; New Hampshire, May 13, 1971; Arizona, May 14, 1971; Rhode Island, \nMay 27, 1971; New York, June 2, 1971; Oregon, June 4, 1971; Missouri, \nJune 14, 1971; Wisconsin, June 22, 1971; Illinois, June 29, 1971; \nAlabama, June 30, 1971; Ohio, June 30, 1971; North Carolina, July 1, \n1971; Oklahoma, July 1, 1971.\n Ratification was completed on July 1, 1971.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Virginia, July 8, 1971; \nWyoming, July 8, 1971; Georgia, October 4, 1971.\n\n Certification of Validity\n\n Publication of the certifying statement of the Administrator of \nGeneral Services that the amendment had become valid was made on July \n7, 1971, F.R. Doc. 71-9691, 36 F.R. 12725.\n\n Article [XXVII.]\n\n No law, varying the compensation for the services of the \nSenators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an \nelection of Representatives shall have intervened.\n\n Proposal and Ratification\n\n This amendment, being the second of twelve articles proposed by the \nFirst Congress on Sept. 25, 1789, was declared by the Archivist of the \nUnited States on May 18, 1992, to have been ratified by the \nlegislatures of 40 of the 50 States.\n This amendment was ratified by the following States: Maryland, \nDecember 19, 1789; North Carolina, December 22, 1789; South Carolina, \nJanuary 19, 1790; Delaware, January 28, 1790; Vermont, November 3, \n1791; Virginia, December 15, 1791; Ohio, May 6, 1873; Wyoming, March 6, \n1978; Maine, April 27, 1983; Colorado, April 22, 1984; South Dakota, \nFebruary 21, 1985; New Hampshire, March 7, 1985; Arizona, April 3, \n1985; Tennessee, May 23, 1985; Oklahoma, July 10, 1985; New Mexico, \nFebruary 14, 1986; Indiana, February 24, 1986; Utah, February 25, 1986; \nArkansas, March 6, 1987; Montana, March 17, 1987; Connecticut, May 13, \n1987; Wisconsin, July 15, 1987; Georgia, February 2, 1988; West \nVirginia, March 10, 1988; Louisiana, July 7, 1988; Iowa, February 9, \n1989; Idaho, March 23, 1989; Nevada, April 26, 1989; Alaska, May 6, \n1989; Oregon, May 19, 1989; Minnesota, May 22, 1989; Texas, May 25, \n1989; Kansas, April 5, 1990; Florida, May 31, 1990; North Dakota, March \n25, 1991; Alabama, May 5, 1992; Missouri, May 5, 1992; Michigan, May 7, \n1992; New Jersey, May 7, 1992.\n Ratification was completed on May 7, 1992.\n The amendment was subsequently ratified by Illinois on May 12, 1992 \nand California on June 26, 1992.\n\n Certification of Validity\n\n Publication of the certifying statement of the Archivist of the \nUnited States that the amendment had become valid was made on May 18, \n1992, F.R. Doc. 92-11951, 57 F.R. 21187.\n\n [Editorial note: There is some conflict as to the exact \ndates of ratification of the amendments by the several States. \nIn some cases, the resolutions of ratification were signed by \nthe officers of the legislatures on dates subsequent to that on \nwhich the second house had acted. In other cases, the Governors \nof several of the States ``approved'' the resolutions (on a \nsubsequent date), although action by the Governor is not \ncontemplated by article V, which required ratification by the \nlegislatures (or conventions) only. In a number of cases, the \njournals of the State legislatures are not available. The dates \nset out in this document are based upon the best information \navailable.]\n PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION NOT RATIFIED BY THE STATES\n\n During the course of our history, in addition to the 27 \namendments that have been ratified by the required three-\nfourths of the States, six other amendments have been submitted \nto the States but have not been ratified by them.\n Beginning with the proposed Eighteenth Amendment, Congress \nhas customarily included a provision requiring ratification \nwithin seven years from the time of the submission to the \nStates. The Supreme Court in Coleman v. Miller, 307 U.S. 433 \n(1939), declared that the question of the reasonableness of the \ntime within which a sufficient number of States must act is a \npolitical question to be determined by the Congress.\n In 1789, twelve proposed articles of amendment were \nsubmitted to the States. Of these, Articles III-XII were \nratified and became the first ten amendments to the \nConstitution, popularly known as the Bill of Rights. In 1992, \nproposed Article II was ratified and became the 27th amendment \nto the Constitution. Proposed Article I which was not ratified \nis as follows:\n\n ``Article the first\n\n ``After the first enumeration required by the first article of the \nConstitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty \nthousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred, after which the \nproportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall be not \nless than one-hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative \nfor every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives \nshall amount to two hundred; after which the proportion shall be so \nregulated by Congress, that there shall not be less than two hundred \nRepresentatives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty \nthousand persons.''\n ------ \n\n Thereafter, in the 2d session of the Eleventh Congress, the \nCongress proposed the following article of amendment to the \nConstitution relating to acceptance by citizens of the United \nStates of titles of nobility from any foreign government.\n The proposed amendment, which was not ratified by three-\nfourths of the States, is as follows:\n\n Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United \nStates of America in Congress assembled, two thirds of both houses \nconcurring, That the following section be submitted to the legislatures \nof the several states, which, when ratified by the legislatures of \nthree fourths of the states, shall be valid and binding, as a part of \nthe constitution of the United States.\n\n If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive or \nretain any title of nobility or honour, or shall, without the consent \nof Congress, accept and retain any present, pension, office or \nemolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince or \nforeign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United \nStates, and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit \nunder them, or either of them.\n\n The following amendment to the Constitution relating to \nslavery was proposed by the 2d session of the Thirty-sixth \nCongress on March 2, 1861, when it passed the Senate, having \npreviously passed the House on February 28, 1861. It is \ninteresting to note in this connection that this is the only \nproposed (and not ratified) amendment to the Constitution to \nhave been signed by the President. The President's signature is \nconsidered unnecessary because of the constitutional provision \nthat on the concurrence of two-thirds of both Houses of \nCongress the proposal shall be submitted to the States for \nratification.\n\n Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United \nStates of America in Congress assembled, That the following article be \nproposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an amendment to \nthe Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by three-\nfourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid, to all intents and \npurposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz:\n\n ``Article Thirteen\n\n ``No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will \nauthorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within \nany State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of \npersons held to labor or service by the laws of said State.''\n ------ \n\n A child labor amendment was proposed by the 1st session of \nthe Sixty-eighth Congress on June 2, 1926, when it passed the \nSenate, having previously passed the House on April 26, 1926. \nThe proposed amendment, which has been ratified by 28 States, \nto date, is as follows:\n\n Joint Resolution Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the \n United States\n\n Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United \nStates of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House \nconcurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an \namendment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when \nratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, \nshall be valid to all intends and purposes as a part of the \nConstitution:\n\n ``Article--.\n\n ``Section 1. The Congress shall have power to limit, regulate, and \nprohibit the labor of persons under eighteen years of age.\n ``Section 2. The power of the several States is unimpaired by this \narticle except that the operation of State laws shall be suspended to \nthe extent necessary to give effect to legislation enacted by the \nCongress.''\n ------ \n\n An amendment relative to equal rights for men and women was \nproposed by the 2d session of the Ninety-second Congress on \nMarch 22, 1972, when it passed the Senate, having previously \npassed the House on October 12, 1971. The seven-year deadline \nfor ratification of the proposed amendment was extended to June \n30, 1982, by the 2d session of the Ninety-fifth Congress. The \nproposed amendment, which was not ratified by three-fourths of \nthe States by June 30, 1982, is as follows:\n\n Joint Resolution Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the \n United States Relative to Equal Rights for Men and Women\n\n Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United \nStates of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House \nconcurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an \namendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be \nvalid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when \nratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States \nwithin seven years from the date of its submission by the Congress:\n\n ``Article--\n\n ``Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied \nor abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\n ``Sec. 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by \nappropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.\n ``Sec. 3. This amendment shall take effect two years after the date \nof ratification.''\n ------ \n\n An amendment relative to voting rights for the District of \nColumbia was proposed by the 2d session of the Ninety-fifth \nCongress on August 22, 1978, when it passed the Senate, having \npreviously passed the House on March 2, 1978. The proposed \namendment, which was not ratified by three-fourths of the \nStates within the specified seven-year period, is as follows:\n\nJoint Resolution Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution to Provide \n for Representation of the District of Columbia in the Congress.\n\n Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United \nStates of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House \nconcurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an \namendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be \nvalid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when \nratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States \nwithin seven years from the date of its submission by the Congress:\n\n ``Article--\n\n ``Section 1. For purposes of representation in the Congress, \nelection of the President and Vice President, and article V of this \nConstitution, the District constituting the seat of government of the \nUnited States shall be treated as though it were a State.\n ``Sec. 2. The exercise of the rights and powers conferred under \nthis article shall be by the people of the District constituting the \nseat of government, and as shall be provided by the Congress.\n ``Sec. 3. The twenty-third article of amendment to the Constitution \nof the United States is hereby repealed.\n ``Sec. 4. This article shall be inoperative, unless it shall have \nbeen ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures \nof three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date \nof its submission.''\n \n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * * * * * \n\\1\\Article of original Constitution or of amendment.\n\n INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION AND AMENDMENTS\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Article\\1\\ Section Clause\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n A\nAbridged. The privileges or immunities of 14 1 ......\n citizens of the United States shall not\n be. [Amendments].........................\nAbsent members, in such manner and under 1 5 1\n such penalties as it may provide. Each\n House is authorized to compel the\n attendance of............................\nAccounts of receipts and expenditures of 1 9 7\n public money shall be published from time\n to time. A statement of the..............\nAccusation. In all criminal prosecutions 6 ....... ......\n the accused shall be informed of the\n cause and nature of the. [Amendments]....\nAccused shall have a speedy public trial. 6 ....... ......\n In all criminal prosecutions the.\n [Amendments].............................\n He shall be tried by an impartial jury 6 ....... ......\n of the State and district where the\n crime was committed. [Amendments]....\n He shall be informed of the nature of 6 ....... ......\n the accusation. [Amendments].........\n He shall be confronted with the 6 ....... ......\n witnesses against him. [Amendments]..\n He shall have compulsory process for 6 ....... ......\n obtaining witnesses in his favor.\n [Amendments].........................\n He shall have the assistance of 6 ....... ......\n counsel for his defense. [Amendments]\nActions at common law involving over 7 ....... ......\n twenty dollars shall be tried by jury.\n [Amendments].............................\nActs, records, and judicial proceedings of 4 1 ......\n another State. Full faith and credit\n shall be given in each State to the......\nActs. Congress shall prescribe the manner 4 1 ......\n of proving such acts, records, and\n proceedings..............................\nAdjourn from day to day. A smaller number 1 5 1\n than a quorum of each House may..........\nAdjourn for more than three days, nor to 1 5 4\n any other place than that in which they\n shall be sitting. Neither House shall,\n during the session of Congress, without\n the consent of the other.................\nAdjournment, the President may adjourn 2 3 ......\n them to such time as he shall think\n proper. In case of disagreement between\n the two Houses as to.....................\nAdmiralty and maritime jurisdiction. The 3 2 1\n judicial power shall extend to all cases\n of.......................................\nAdmitted by the Congress into this Union, 4 3 1\n but no new States shall be formed or\n erected within the jurisdiction of any\n other State. New States may be...........\n Nor shall any State be formed by the 4 3 1\n junction of two or more States, or\n parts of States, without the consent\n of the legislatures and of Congress..\nAdoption of the Constitution shall be 6 ....... 1\n valid. All debts and engagements\n contracted by the confederation and\n before the...............................\nAdvice and consent of the Senate. The 2 2 2\n President shall have power to make\n treaties by and with the.................\n To appoint ambassadors or other public 2 2 2\n ministers and consuls by and with the\n To appoint all other officers of the 2 2 2\n United States not herein otherwise\n provided for by and with the.........\nAffirmation. Senators sitting to try 1 3 6\n impeachments shall be on oath or.........\n To be taken by the President of the 2 1 8\n United States. Form of the oath or...\n No warrants shall be issued but upon 4 ....... ......\n probable cause and on oath or.\n [Amendments].........................\n To support the Constitution. Senators 6 ....... 3\n and Representatives, members of State\n legislatures, executive and judicial\n officers, both State and Federal,\n shall be bound by oath or............\nAge. No person shall be a Representative 1 2 2\n who shall not have attained twenty-five\n years of.................................\n No person shall be a Senator who shall 1 3 3\n not have attained thirty years of....\n Right of citizens of the United 26 1 ......\n States, who are eighteen years of age\n or older, to vote shall not be denied\n or abridged by the United States or\n any State on account of age.\n [Amendments].........................\nAgreement or compact with another State 1 10 3\n without the consent of Congress. No State\n shall enter into any.....................\nAid and comfort. Treason against the 3 3 1\n United States shall consist in levying\n war against them, adhering to their\n enemies, and giving them.................\nAlliance or confederation. No State shall 1 10 1\n enter into any treaty of.................\nAmbassadors, or other public ministers and 2 2 2\n consuls. The President may appoint.......\n The judicial power of the United 3 2 1\n States shall extend to all cases\n affecting............................\nAmendments to the Constitution. Whenever 5 ....... ......\n two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it\n necessary, Congress shall propose........\n On application of the legislatures of 5 ....... ......\n two-thirds of the States, Congress\n shall call a convention to propose...\n Shall be valid when ratified by the 5 ....... ......\n legislatures of, or by conventions\n in, three-fourths of the States......\nAnswer for a capital or infamous crime 5 ....... ......\n unless on presentment of a grand jury. No\n person shall be held to. [Amendments]....\n Except in cases in the land or naval 5 ....... ......\n forces, or in the militia when in\n actual service. [Amendments].........\nAppellate jurisdiction both as to law and 3 2 2\n fact, with such exceptions and under such\n regulations as Congress shall make. In\n what cases the Supreme Court shall have..\nApplication of the legislature or the 4 4 ......\n executive of a State. The United States\n shall protect each State against invasion\n and domestic violence on the.............\nApplication of the legislatures of two- 5 ....... ......\n thirds of the States, Congress shall call\n a convention for proposing amendments to\n the Constitution. On the.................\nAppointment. Of officers and authority to 1 8 16\n train the militia reserved to the States\n respectively.............................\n Of such inferior officers as they may 2 2 2\n think proper in the President alone.\n Congress may by law vest the.........\n In the courts of law or in the heads 2 2 2\n of departments. Congress may by law\n vest the.............................\n Of Presidential and Vice-Presidential 23 1 ......\n electors. District of Columbia to\n have power of. [Amendments]..........\nApportionment of representation and direct 1 2 3\n taxation among the several States.\n Provisions relating to the...............\n Congress shall have power to lay and 16 ....... ......\n collect taxes on incomes, from\n whatever source derived, without\n apportionment among the several\n States. [Amendments].................\n Of Representatives among the several 14 ....... ......\n States. Provisions relating to the.\n [Amendments]...........................\nAppropriate legislation. Congress shall 1 8 18\n have power to make all laws necessary and\n proper for carrying into execution the\n foregoing powers, and all other powers\n vested by the Constitution in the\n Government of the United States, or on\n any department or officer thereof........\n Congress shall have power to enforce 13 2 ......\n the thirteenth article, prohibiting\n slavery by. [Amendments].............\n Congress shall have power to enforce 14 5 ......\n the provisions of the fourteenth\n article by. [Amendments].............\n Congress shall have power to enforce 15 2 ......\n the provisions of the fifteenth\n article by. [Amendments].............\n Congress and the several States shall 18 2 ......\n have concurrent power to enforce the\n provisions of the eighteenth article.\n [Amendments].........................\n Congress shall have power to enforce 19 ....... ......\n the provisions of the nineteenth\n article. [Amendments]................\n Congress shall have power to enforce 23 2 ......\n the provisions of the twenty-third\n article by. [Amendments].............\n Congress shall have power to enforce 24 2 ......\n the provisions of the twenty-fourth\n article by. [Amendments].............\n Congress shall have power to enforce 26 2 ......\n the provisions of the twenty-sixth\n article by. [Amendments].............\nAppropriation of money for raising and 1 8 12\n supporting armies shall be for a longer\n term than two years. But no..............\nAppropriations made by law. No money shall 1 9 7\n be drawn from the Treasury but in\n consequence of...........................\nApprove and sign a bill before it shall 1 7 2\n become a law. The President shall........\n He shall return it to the House in 1 7 2\n which it originated with his\n objections, if he does not...........\nArmies, but no appropriation for that use 1 8 12\n shall be for a longer term than two\n years. Congress shall have power to raise\n and support..............................\nArmies. Congress shall make rules for the 1 8 14\n government and regulation of the land and\n naval forces.............................\nArms shall not be infringed. A well- 2 ....... ......\n regulated militia being necessary to the\n security of a free State, the right of\n the people to keep and bear. [Amendments]\nArrest during their attendance at the 1 6 1\n session of their respective Houses, and\n in going to and returning from the same.\n Members shall in all cases, except\n treason, felony, and breach of the peace,\n be privileged from.......................\nArsenals. Congress shall exercise 1 8 17\n exclusive authority over all places\n purchased for the erection of............\nArticles exported from any State. No tax 1 9 5\n or duty shall be laid on.................\nArts by securing to authors and inventors 1 8 8\n their patent rights. Congress may promote\n the progress of science and the useful...\nAssistance of counsel for his defense. In 6 ....... ......\n all criminal prosecutions the accused\n shall have the. [Amendments].............\nAssumption of the debt or obligations 14 4 ......\n incurred in aid of rebellion or\n insurrection against the United States.\n Provisions against the. [Amendments].....\nAttainder of treason shall not work 3 3 2\n corruption of blood or forfeiture, except\n during the life of the person attainted..\nAttainder or ex post facto law shall be 1 9 3\n passed. No bill of.......................\nAttainder, ex post facto law, or law 1 10 1\n impairing the obligation of contracts. No\n State shall pass any bill of.............\nAuthors and inventors the exclusive right 1 8 8\n to their writings and inventions.\n Congress shall have power to secure to...\n\n B\n\nBail. Excessive bail shall not be 8 ....... ......\n required, nor excessive fines nor cruel\n and unusual punishments imposed.\n [Amendments].............................\nBallot for President and Vice President. 12 ....... ......\n The electors shall vote by. [Amendments].\nBallot. If no person have a majority of 12 ....... ......\n the electoral votes for President and\n Vice President, the House of\n Representatives shall immediately choose\n the President by. [Amendments]...........\nBankruptcies. Congress shall have power to 1 8 4\n pass uniform laws on the subject of......\nBasis of representation among the several 14 2 ......\n States. Provisions relating to the.\n [Amendments].............................\nBear arms shall not be infringed. A well- 2 ....... ......\n regulated militia being necessary to the\n security of a free State, the right of\n the people to keep and. [Amendments].....\nBehavior. The judges of the Supreme and 3 1 ......\n inferior courts shall hold their offices\n during good..............................\nBill of attainder or ex post facto law 1 9 3\n shall be passed. No......................\nBill of attainder, ex post facto law, or 1 10 1\n law impairing the obligation of\n contracts. No State shall pass any.......\nBills of credit. No State shall emit...... 1 10 1\nBills for raising revenue shall originate 1 7 1\n in the House of Representatives. All.....\nBills which shall have passed the Senate 1 7 2\n and House of Representatives shall,\n before they become laws, be presented to\n the President............................\n If he approve, he shall sign them: if 1 7 2\n he disapprove, he shall return them,\n with his objections, to that House in\n which they originated................\n Upon the reconsideration of a bill 1 7 2\n returned by the President with his\n objections, if two-thirds of each\n House agree to pass the same, it\n shall become a law...................\n Upon the reconsideration of a bill 1 7 2\n returned by the President, the\n question shall be taken by yeas and\n nays.................................\n Not returned by the President within 1 7 2\n ten days (Sundays excepted) shall,\n unless Congress adjourn, become laws.\nBorrow money on the credit of the United 1 8 2\n States. Congress shall have power to.....\nBounties and pensions, shall not be 14 4 ......\n questioned. The validity of the public\n debt incurred in suppressing insurrection\n and rebellion against the United States,\n including the debt for. [Amendments].....\nBreach of the peace, shall be privileged 1 6 1\n from arrest while attending the session,\n and in going to and returning from the\n same. Senators and Representatives,\n except for treason, felony, and..........\nBribery, or other high crimes and 2 4 ......\n misdemeanors. The President, Vice\n President, and all civil officers shall\n be removed on impeachment for and\n conviction of treason....................\n\n C\n\nCapital or otherwise infamous crime, 5 ....... ......\n unless on indictment of a grand jury,\n except in certain specified cases. No\n person shall be held to answer for a.\n [Amendments].............................\nCapitation or other direct tax shall be 1 9 4\n laid unless in proportion to the census\n or enumeration. No.......................\nCaptures on land and water. Congress shall 1 8 11\n make rules concerning....................\nCasting vote. The Vice President shall 1 3 4\n have no vote unless the Senate be equally\n divided..................................\nCensus or enumeration. Of the inhabitants 1 2 3\n shall be made within three years after\n the first meeting of Congress, and within\n every subsequent term of ten years\n thereafter...............................\n No capitation or other direct tax 1 9 4\n shall be laid except in proportion to\n the..................................\nChief Justice shall preside when the 1 3 6\n President of the United States is tried\n upon impeachment. The....................\nChoosing the electors and the day on which 2 1 4\n they shall give their votes, which shall\n be the same throughout the United States.\n Congress may determine the time of.......\nCitizen of the United States at the 2 1 5\n adoption of the Constitution shall be\n eligible to the office of President. No\n person not a natural-born................\n No person shall be a Senator who shall 1 3 3\n not have attained the age of thirty\n years, and been nine years a.........\n No person shall be a Representative 1 2 2\n who shall not have attained the age\n of twenty-five years, and been seven\n years a..............................\n Right of citizens to vote shall not be 19 ....... ......\n denied or abridged by the United\n States or any State on account of\n sex. [Amendments]....................\n Right to vote shall not be denied or 24 1 ......\n abridged by the United States or any\n State for failure to pay any poll tax\n or other tax. [Amendments]...........\n Right to vote shall not be denied or 26 1 ......\n abridged by the United States or any\n State to any citizen eighteen years\n or older, on account of age.\n [Amendments].........................\nCitizens or subjects of a foreign state. 11 ....... ......\n The judicial power of the United States\n shall not extend to suits in law or\n equity brought against one of the States\n by the citizens of another State or by.\n [Amendments].............................\nCitizenship. Citizens of each State shall 4 2 1\n be entitled to all the privileges and\n immunities of citizens of the several\n States...................................\n All persons born or naturalized in the 14 1 ......\n United States, and subject to the\n jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of\n the United States and of the State in\n which they reside. [Amendments]......\n No State shall make or enforce any law 14 1 ......\n which shall abridge the privileges or\n immunities of citizens of the United\n States. [Amendments].................\n Nor shall any State deprive any person 14 1 ......\n of life, liberty, or property without\n due process of law. [Amendments].....\n Nor deny to any person within its 14 1 ......\n jurisdiction the equal protection of\n the laws. [Amendments]...............\nCivil officers of the United States shall, 2 4 ......\n on impeachment for and conviction of\n treason, bribery, and other high crimes\n and misdemeanors be removed. All.........\nClaims of the United States or any 4 3 2\n particular State in the territory or\n public property. Nothing in this\n Constitution shall be construed to\n prejudice................................\nClassification of Senators. Immediately 1 3 2\n after they shall be assembled after the\n first election, they shall be divided as\n equally as may be into three classes.....\n The seats of the Senators of the first 1 3 2\n class shall be vacated at the\n expiration of the second year........\n The seats of the Senators of the 1 3 2\n second class at the expiration of the\n fourth year..........................\n The seats of the Senators of the third 1 3 2\n class at the expiration of the sixth\n year.................................\nCoin a tender in payment of debts. No 1 10 1\n State shall make anything but gold and\n silver...................................\nCoin money and regulate the value thereof 1 8 5\n and of foreign coin. Congress shall have\n power to.................................\nCoin of the United States. Congress shall 1 8 6\n provide for punishing the counterfeiting\n the securities and current...............\nColor, or previous condition of servitude. 15 1 ......\n The right of citizens of the United\n States to vote shall not be denied or\n abridged by the United States or any\n State on account of race. [Amendments]...\nComfort. Treason against the United States 3 3 1\n shall consist in levying war against\n them, and giving the enemies aid and.....\nCommander in Chief of the Army and Navy, 2 2 1\n and of their militia when in actual\n service. The President shall be..........\nCommerce with foreign nations, among the 1 8 3\n States, and with Indian tribes. Congress\n shall have power to regulate.............\nCommerce or revenue. No preference shall 1 9 6\n be given to the ports of one State over\n those of another by any regulation of....\n Vessels clearing from the ports of one 1 9 6\n State shall not pay duties in those\n of another...........................\nCommissions to expire at the end of the 2 2 3\n next session. The President may fill\n vacancies that happen in the recess of\n the Senate by granting...................\nCommon defense, promote the general ........... ....... ......\n welfare, &c. To insure the. [Preamble]...\nCommon defense and general welfare. 1 8 1\n Congress shall have power to provide for\n the......................................\nCommon law, where the amount involved 7 ....... ......\n exceeds twenty dollars, shall be tried by\n jury. Suits at. [Amendments].............\n No fact tried by a jury shall be 7 ....... ......\n otherwise reexamined in any court of\n the United States than according to\n the rules of the. [Amendments].......\nCompact with another State. No State 1 10 3\n shall, without consent of Congress, enter\n into any agreement or....................\nCompact with a foreign power. No state 1 10 3\n shall, without the consent of Congress,\n enter into any agreement or..............\nCompensation of Senators and 1 6 1\n Representatives to be ascertained by law.\nCompensation of the President shall not be 2 1 7\n increased nor diminished during the\n period for which he shall be elected.....\nCompensation of the judges of the Supreme 3 1 ......\n and inferior courts shall not be\n diminished during their continuance in\n office...................................\nCompensation. Private property shall not 5 ....... ......\n be taken for public use without just.\n [Amendments].............................\nCompulsory process for obtaining witnesses 6 ....... ......\n in his favor. In criminal prosecutions\n the accused shall have. [Amendments].....\nConfederation. No State shall enter into 1 10 1\n any treaty, alliance, or.................\n All debts contracted and engagements 6 ....... 1\n entered into before the adoption of\n this Constitution shall be valid\n against the United States under it,\n as under the.........................\nConfession in open court. Conviction of 3 3 1\n treason shall be on the testimony of two\n persons to the overt act, or upon........\nCongress of the United States. All 1 1 ......\n legislative powers shall be vested in a..\n Shall consist of a Senate and House of 1 1 ......\n Representatives......................\n Shall assemble at least once in every 1 4 2\n year, which shall be on the first\n Monday of December, unless they by\n law appoint a different day..........\n May at any time alter regulations for 1 4 1\n elections of Senators and\n Representatives, except as to the\n places of choosing Senators..........\n Each House shall be the judge of the 1 5 1\n elections, returns, and\n qualifications of its own members....\n A majority of each House shall 1 5 1\n constitute a quorum to do business...\n A smaller number may adjourn from day 1 5 1\n to day and compel the attendance of\n absent members.......................\n Each House may determine the rules of 1 5 2\n its proceedings, punish its members\n for disorderly behavior, and, with\n the concurrence of two-thirds, expel\n a member.............................\n Each House shall keep a journal of its 1 5 3\n proceedings..........................\n Neither House, during the session of 1 5 4\n Congress, shall, without the consent\n of the other, adjourn for more than\n three days...........................\n Senators and Representatives shall 1 6 1\n receive a compensation to be\n ascertained by law...................\n They shall in all cases, except 1 6 1\n treason, felony, and breach of peace,\n be privileged from arrest during\n attendance at their respective\n Houses, and in going to and returning\n from the same........................\n No Senator or Representative shall, 1 6 2\n during his term, be appointed to any\n civil office which shall have been\n created, or of which the emoluments\n shall have been increased, during\n such term............................\n No person holding any office under the 1 6 2\n United States, shall, while in\n office, be a member of either House\n of Congress..........................\n All bills for raising revenue shall 1 7 1\n originate in the House of\n Representatives......................\n Proceedings in cases of bills returned 1 7 2\n by the President with his objections.\n Shall have power to lay and collect 1 8 1\n duties, imposts, and excises, pay the\n debts, and provide for the common\n defense and general welfare..........\n Shall have power to borrow money on 1 8 2\n the credit of the United States......\n To regulate foreign and domestic 1 8 3\n commerce, and with the Indian tribes.\n To establish uniform rule of 1 8 4\n naturalization and uniform laws on\n the subject of bankruptcies..........\n To coin money, regulate its value and 1 8 5\n the value of foreign coin, and to fix\n the standard of weights and measures.\n To punish counterfeiting of securities 1 8 6\n and current coin of the United States\n To establish post-offices and post- 1 8 7\n roads................................\n To promote the progress of science and 1 8 8\n the useful arts......................\n To constitute tribunals inferior to 1 8 9\n the Supreme Court....................\n To define and punish piracies and 1 8 10\n felonies on the high seas and to\n punish offenses against the law of\n nations..............................\n To declare war, grant letters of 1 8 11\n marque and reprisal, and make rules\n concerning captures on land and water\n To raise and support armies, but no 1 8 12\n appropriation of money to that use\n shall be for a longer term than two\n years................................\n To provide and maintain a Navy........ 1 8 13\n To make rules for the government of 1 8 14\n the Army and Navy....................\n To call out the militia to execute the 1 8 15\n laws, suppress insurrections, and\n repeal invasions.....................\n To provide for organizing, arming, and 1 8 16\n equipping the militia................\n To exercise exclusive legislation over 1 8 17\n the District fixed for the seat of\n government, and over forts,\n magazines, arsenals, and dockyards...\n To make all laws necessary and proper 1 8 18\n to carry into execution all powers\n vested by the Constitution in the\n Government of the United States......\n No person holding any office under the 1 9 8\n United States shall accept of any\n present, emolument, office, or title\n of any kind from any foreign state,\n without the consent of...............\n May determine the time of choosing the 2 1 4\n electors for President and Vice\n President and the day on which they\n shall give their votes...............\n The President may, on extraordinary 2 3 ......\n occasions, convene either House of...\n The manner in which the acts, records, 4 1 ......\n and judicial proceedings of the\n States shall be prescribed by........\n New States may be admitted by Congress 4 3 1\n into this Union......................\n Shall have power to make all needful 4 3 2\n rules and regulations respecting the\n territory or other property belonging\n to the United States.................\n Amendments to the Constitution shall 5 ....... ......\n be proposed whenever it shall be\n deemed necessary by two-thirds of\n both Houses of.......................\n Shall have power to enforce, by 13 2 ......\n appropriate legislation, the\n thirteenth amendment. [Amendments]...\n Persons engaged in insurrection or 14 3 ......\n rebellion against the United States\n disqualified for Senators or\n Representatives in. [Amendments].....\n But such disqualification may be 14 3 ......\n removed by a vote of two-thirds of\n both Houses of. [Amendments].........\n Shall have power to enforce, by 14 5 ......\n appropriate legislation, the\n fourteenth amendment. [Amendments]...\n Shall have power to enforce, by 15 2 ......\n appropriate legislation, the\n fifteenth amendment. [Amendments]....\n Shall have power to enforce, by 19 ....... ......\n appropriate legislation, the\n nineteenth amendment. [Amendments]...\n Sessions, time of assembling. 20 2 ......\n [Amendments].........................\n To direct appointment of electors for 23 1 ......\n President and Vice President by\n District of Columbia. [Amendments]...\n Shall have power to enforce, by 23 2 ......\n appropriate legislation, the twenty-\n third amendment. [Amendments]........\n Shall have power to enforce, by 24 2 ......\n appropriate legislation, the twenty-\n fourth amendment. [Amendments].......\n Confirmation by majority vote of Vice 25 2 ......\n President nominated by the President\n where vacancy in office occurs.\n [Amendments].........................\n Shall decide the issue of the 25 4 ......\n inability of the President to\n discharge the powers and duties of\n his office. [Amendments].............\n Shall have power to enforce, by 26 2 ......\n appropriate legislation, the twenty-\n sixth amendment. [Amendments]........\n No law, varying the compensation for 27 ....... ......\n the services of the Senators and\n Representatives, shall take effect,\n until an election of Representatives\n shall have intervened. [Amendments]..\nConsent. No State shall be deprived of its 5 ....... ......\n equal suffrage in the Senate without its.\nConsent of Congress. No person holding any 1 9 8\n office of profit or trust under the\n United States shall accept of any\n present, emolument, office, or title of\n any kind whatever, from any king, prince,\n or foreign potentate, without the........\n No State shall lay any imposts, or 1 10 2\n duties on imports, except what may be\n absolutely necessary for executing\n its inspection laws, without the.....\n No State shall lay any duty of 1 10 3\n tonnage, keep troops or ships of war\n in time of peace, without the........\n No State shall enter into any 1 10 3\n agreement or compact with another\n State, or with a foreign power,\n without the..........................\n No State shall engage in war unless 1 10 3\n actually invaded, or in such imminent\n danger as will not admit of delay,\n without the..........................\n No new State shall be formed or 4 3 1\n erected within the jurisdiction of\n any other State, nor any State be\n formed by the junction of two or more\n States, or parts of States, without\n the consent of the legislatures\n thereof, as well as the..............\nConsent of the legislature of the State in 1 8 17\n which the same may be. Congress shall\n exercise exclusive authority over all\n places purchased for the erection of\n forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards,\n and other needful buildings by the.......\nConsent of the legislatures of the States 4 3 1\n and of Congress. No States shall be\n formed by the junction of two or more\n States or parts of States without the....\nConsent of the other. Neither House, 1 5 4\n during the session of Congress, shall\n adjourn for more than three days, nor to\n any other place than that in which they\n shall be sitting, without the............\nConsent of the owner. No soldier shall be 3 ....... ......\n quartered in time of peace in any house\n without the. [Amendments]................\nConsent of the Senate. The President shall 2 2 2\n have power to make treaties, by and with\n the advice and...........................\n The President shall appoint 2 2 2\n ambassadors, other public ministers\n and consuls, judges of the Supreme\n Court, and all other officers created\n by law and not otherwise herein\n provided for, by and with the advice\n and..................................\nConstitution, in the Government of the 1 8 18\n United States, or in any department or\n officer thereof. Congress shall have\n power to pass all laws necessary to the\n execution of the powers vested by the....\nConstitution, shall be eligible to the 2 1 5\n office of President. No person except a\n natural-born citizen, or a citizen at the\n time of the adoption of the..............\nConstitution. The President, before he 2 1 8\n enters upon the execution of his office,\n shall take an oath to preserve, protect,\n and defend the...........................\nConstitution, laws, and treaties of the 3 2 1\n United States. The judicial power shall\n extend to all cases arising under the....\nConstitution shall be so construed as to 4 3 2\n prejudice any claims of the United\n States, or of any State (in respect to\n territory or other property of the United\n States). Nothing in the..................\nConstitution. The manner in which 5 ....... ......\n amendments may be proposed and ratified..\nConstitution as under the Confederation 6 ....... 1\n shall be valid. All debts and engagements\n contracted before the adoption of the....\nConstitution and the laws made in 6 ....... 2\n pursuance thereof, and all treaties made,\n or which shall be made, by the United\n States, shall be the supreme law of the\n land. The................................\n The judges in every State, anything in 6 ....... 2\n the constitution or laws of a State\n to the contrary notwithstanding,\n shall be bound thereby...............\nConstitution. All officers, legislative, 6 ....... 3\n executive, and judicial, of the United\n States, and of the several States, shall\n be bound by an oath to support the.......\n But no religious test shall ever be 6 ....... 3\n required as a qualification for any\n office or public trust...............\nConstitution between the States so 7 ....... ......\n ratifying the same. The ratification of\n the conventions of nine States shall be\n sufficient for the establishment of the..\nConstitution, of certain rights, shall not 9 ....... ......\n be construed to deny or disparage others\n retained by the people. The enumeration\n in the. [Amendments].....................\nConstitution, nor prohibited by it to the 10 ....... ......\n States, are reserved to the States\n respectively or to the people. Powers not\n delegated to the United States by the.\n [Amendments].............................\nConstitution, and then engaged in 14 3 ......\n rebellion against the United States.\n Disqualification for office imposed upon\n certain class of persons who took an oath\n to support the. [Amendments].............\nConstitution. Done in convention by the 7 ....... 2\n unanimous consent of the States present,\n September 17, 1787.......................\nContracts. No State shall pass any ex post 1 10 1\n facto law, or law impairing the\n obligation of............................\nControversies to which the United States 3 2 1\n shall be a party: between two or more\n States; between a State and citizens of\n another State; between citizens of\n different States; between citizens of the\n same State claiming lands under grants of\n different States; between a State or its\n citizens and foreign states, citizens, or\n subjects. The judicial power shall extend\n to.......................................\nConvene Congress or either House, on 2 3 ......\n extraordinary occasions. The President\n may......................................\nConvention for proposing amendments to the 5 ....... ......\n Constitution. Congress, on the\n application of two-thirds of the\n legislatures of the States, may call a...\nConvention, by the unanimous consent of 7 ....... 2\n the States present on the 17th of\n September, 1787. Adoption of the\n Constitution in..........................\nConventions of nine States shall be 7 ....... ......\n sufficient for the establishment of the\n Constitution. The ratification of the....\nConviction in cases of impeachment shall 1 3 6\n not be had without the concurrence of two-\n thirds of the members present............\nCopyrights to authors for limited times. 1 8 8\n Congress shall have power to provide for.\nCorruption of blood. Attainder of treason 3 3 2\n shall not work...........................\nCounsel for his defense. In all criminal 6 ....... ......\n prosecutions the accused shall have the\n assistance of. [Amendments]..............\nCounterfeiting the securities and current 1 8 6\n coin of the United States. Congress shall\n provide for the punishment of............\nCourts. Congress shall have power to 1 8 9\n constitute tribunals inferior to the\n Supreme Court............................\nCourts as Congress may establish. The 3 1 ......\n judicial power of the United States shall\n be vested in one Supreme Court and such\n inferior.................................\nCourts. The judges of the Supreme and 3 1 ......\n inferior courts shall hold their offices\n during good behavior.....................\n Their compensation shall not be 3 1 ......\n diminished during their continuance\n in office............................\nCourts of law. Congress may by law vest 2 2 2\n the appointment of such inferior officers\n as they think proper in the President\n alone, in the heads of departments, or in\n the......................................\nCredit. No State shall emit bills of...... 1 10 1\nCredit of the United States. Congress 1 8 2\n shall have power to borrow money on the..\nCredit shall be given in every other State 4 1 ......\n to the public acts, records, and judicial\n proceedings of each State. Full faith and\nCrime, unless on a presentment of a grand 5 ....... ......\n jury. No person shall be held to answer\n for a capital or otherwise infamous.\n [Amendments].............................\n Except in cases in the military and 5 ....... ......\n naval forces, or in the militia when\n in actual service. [Amendments]......\nCrimes, except in cases of impeachment, 3 2 3\n shall be tried by jury. All..............\n They shall be tried in the State 3 2 3\n within which they may be committed...\n When not committed in a State, they 3 2 3\n shall be tried at the places which\n Congress may by law have provided....\nCrimes and misdemeanors. The President, 2 4 ......\n Vice President, and all civil officers\n shall be removed on impeachment for and\n conviction of treason, bribery, or other.\nCriminal prosecutions, the accused shall 6 ....... ......\n have a speedy and public trial by jury in\n the State and district where the crime\n was committed. In all. [Amendments]......\n He shall be informed of the nature and 6 ....... ......\n cause of the accusation. [Amendments]\n He shall be confronted with the 6 ....... ......\n witnesses against him. [Amendments]..\n He shall have compulsory process for 6 ....... ......\n obtaining witnesses in his favor.\n [Amendments].........................\n He shall have the assistance of 6 ....... ......\n counsel in his defense. [Amendments].\nCriminate himself. No person as a witness 5 ....... ......\n shall be compelled to. [Amendments]......\nCruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 8 ....... ......\n Excessive bail shall not be required, nor\n excessive fines imposed, nor.\n [Amendments].............................\n\n D\n\nDangers as will not admit of delay. No 1 10 3\n State shall, without the consent of\n Congress, engage in war, unless actually\n invaded, or in such imminent.............\nDay on which they shall vote for President 2 1 4\n and Vice President, which shall be the\n same throughout the United States.\n Congress may determine the time of\n choosing the electors, and the...........\nDay to day, and may be authorized to 1 5 1\n compel the attendance of absent members.\n A smaller number than a quorum of each\n House may adjourn from...................\nDeath, resignation, or inability of the 2 1 6\n President. In case of, powers and duties\n of his office shall devolve on the Vice\n President................................\n [Amendments]............................ 25 ....... ......\n Congress may provide by law for the 2 1 6\n case of the removal..................\n [Amendments]........................ 25 ....... ......\nDebt of the United States, including debts 14 4 ......\n for pensions and bounties incurred in\n suppressing insurrection or rebellion,\n shall not be questioned. The validity of\n the public. [Amendments].................\nDebts. No State shall make anything but 1 10 1\n gold and silver coin a tender in payment\n of.......................................\nDebts and provide for the common defense 1 8 1\n and general welfare of the United States.\n Congress shall have power to pay the.....\nDebts and engagements contracted before 6 ....... 1\n the adoption of this Constitution shall\n be as valid against the United States,\n under it, as under the Confederation.....\nDebts or obligations incurred in aid of 14 4 ......\n insurrection or rebellion against the\n United States, or claims for the loss or\n emancipation of any slave. Neither the\n United States nor any State shall assume\n or pay any. [Amendments].................\nDeclare war, grant letters of marque and 1 8 11\n reprisal, and make rules concerning\n captures on land and water. Congress\n shall have power to......................\nDefense, promote the general welfare, &c. ........... ....... ......\n To insure the common. [Preamble].........\nDefense and general welfare throughout the 1 8 1\n United States. Congress shall have power\n to pay the debts and provide for the\n common...................................\nDefense. In all criminal prosecutions the 6 ....... ......\n accused shall have the assistance of\n counsel for his. [Amendments]............\nDelaware entitled to one Representative in 1 2 3\n the first Congress.......................\nDelay. No State shall, without the consent 1 10 3\n of Congress, engage in war unless\n actually invaded, or in such imminent\n danger as will not admit of..............\nDelegated to the United States, nor 10 ....... ......\n prohibited to the States, are reserved to\n the States or to the people. The powers\n not. [Amendments]........................\nDeny or disparage others retained by the 9 ....... ......\n people. The enumeration in the\n Constitution of certain rights shall not\n be construed to. [Amendments]............\nDepartments upon any subject relating to 2 2 1\n their duties. The President may require\n the written opinion of the principal\n officers in each of the executive........\nDepartments. Congress may by law vest the 2 2 2\n appointment of inferior officers in the\n heads of.................................\nDirect tax shall be laid unless in 1 9 4\n proportion to the census or enumeration.\n No capitation or other...................\nDirect taxes and Representatives, how 1 2 3\n apportioned among the several States.....\nDisability of the President and Vice 2 1 6\n President. Provisions in case of the.....\n [Amendments]............................ 25 ....... ......\nDisability. No person shall be a Senator 14 3 ......\n or Representative in Congress, or\n presidential elector, or hold any office,\n civil or military, under the United\n States, or any State, who having\n previously taken an oath as a\n legislative, executive, or judicial\n officer of the United States, or of any\n State, to support the Constitution,\n afterward engaged in insurrection or\n rebellion against the United States.\n [Amendments].............................\n But Congress may, by a vote of two- 14 3 ......\n thirds of each House, remove such.\n [Amendments].........................\nDisagreement between the two Houses as to 2 3 ......\n the time of adjournment, the President\n may adjourn them to such time as he may\n think proper. In case of.................\nDisorderly behavior. Each House may punish 1 5 2\n its members for..........................\n And with the concurrence of two-thirds 1 5 2\n expel a member.......................\nDisparage others retained by the people. 9 ....... ......\n The enumeration in the Constitution of\n certain rights shall not be construed to\n deny or. [Amendments]....................\nDisqualification. No Senator or 1 6 2\n Representative shall, during the time for\n which he was elected, be appointed to any\n office under the United States which\n shall have been created or its emoluments\n increased during such term...............\n No person holding any office under the 1 6 2\n United States shall be a member of\n either House during his continuance\n in office............................\n No person shall be a member of either 14 3 ......\n House, presidential elector, or hold\n any office under the United States,\n or any State, who, having previously\n sworn to support the Constitution,\n afterward engaged in insurrection or\n rebellion. [Amendments]..............\n But Congress may, by a vote of two- 14 3 ......\n thirds of each House, remove such\n disability. [Amendments].............\nDistrict of Columbia. Congress shall 1 8 17\n exercise exclusive legislation in all\n cases over the...........................\n Electors for President and Vice 23 1 ......\n President, appointment in such manner\n as the Congress may direct.\n [Amendments].........................\nDockyards. Congress shall have exclusive 1 8 17\n authority over all places purchased for\n the erection of..........................\nDomestic tranquility, provide for the ........... ....... ......\n common defense, &c. To insure. [Preamble]\nDomestic violence. The United States shall 4 4 ......\n protect each State against invasion and..\nDue process of law. No person shall be 5 ....... ......\n compelled, in any criminal case, to be a\n witness against himself, nor be deprived\n of life, liberty, or property without.\n [Amendments].............................\n No State shall deprive any person of 14 1 ......\n life, liberty, or property without.\n [Amendments].........................\nDuties, imposts, and excises. Congress 1 8 1\n shall have power to lay and collect taxes\n Shall be uniform throughout the United 1 8 1\n States...............................\nDuties shall be laid on articles exported 1 9 5\n from any State. No tax or................\nDuties in another State. Vessels clearing 1 9 6\n in the ports of one State shall not be\n obliged to pay...........................\n On imports and exports, without the 1 10 2\n consent of Congress, except where\n necessary for executing its\n inspection laws. No State shall lay\n any..................................\n The net produce of all such duties 1 10 2\n shall be for the use of the Treasury\n of the United States.................\n All laws laying such duties shall be 1 10 2\n subject to the revision and control\n of Congress..........................\nDuties and powers of the office of 2 1 6\n President, in case of his death, removal,\n or inability to act, shall devolve on the\n Vice President...........................\n [Amendments]............................ 25 ....... ......\n In case of the disability of the 2 1 6\n President and Vice President,\n Congress shall declare what officer\n shall act............................\n [Amendments]........................ 25 ....... ......\nDuty of tonnage without the consent of 1 10 3\n Congress. No State shall lay any.........\n\n E\n\nEighteenth Amendment. Repeal. [Amendments] 21 1 ......\nElection of President and Vice President. 2 1 4\n Congress may determine the day for the...\n Shall be the same throughout the 2 1 4\n United States. The day of the........\nElections. The right of citizens of the 24 1 ......\n United States to vote in shall not be\n denied or abridged by the United States\n or any State by reason of failure to pay\n any poll tax or other tax. [Amendments]..\nElections for Senators and 1 4 1\n Representatives. The legislatures of the\n States shall prescribe the times, places,\n and manner of holding....................\n But Congress may, at any time, alter 1 4 1\n such regulations, except as to the\n places of choosing Senators..........\n Returns and qualifications of its own 1 5 1\n members. Each House shall be the\n judge of the.........................\n Senators elected by the people. 17 1 ......\n [Amendments].........................\nElectors for members of the House of 1 2 1\n Representatives. Qualifications of.......\nElectors for Senators. Qualifications of. 17 1 ......\n [Amendments].............................\nElectors for President and Vice President. 2 1 2\n Each State shall appoint, in such manner\n as the legislature thereof may direct, a\n number of electors equal to the whole\n number of Senators and Representatives to\n which the State may be entitled in the\n Congress.................................\n But no Senator or Representative, or 2 1 2\n person holding an office of trust or\n profit under the United States, shall\n be appointed an elector..............\n Congress may determine the time of 2 1 4\n choosing the electors and the day on\n which they shall give their votes....\n Which day shall be the same throughout 2 1 4\n the United States....................\n The electors shall meet in their 12 ....... ......\n respective States and vote by ballot\n for President and Vice President, one\n of whom, at least, shall not be an\n inhabitant of the same State with\n themselves. [Amendments].............\n The District of Columbia to appoint, 23 1 ......\n in such manner as the Congress may\n direct, a number of electors equal to\n the whole number of Senators and\n Representatives to which the District\n would be entitled if a State.\n [Amendments].........................\nElectors shall name, in their ballots, the 12 ....... ......\n person voted for as President; and in\n distinct ballots the person voted for as\n Vice President. [Amendments].............\n They shall make distinct lists of the 12 ....... ......\n persons voted for as President and of\n persons voted for as Vice President,\n which they shall sign and certify,\n and transmit sealed to the seat of\n government, directed to the President\n of the Senate. [Amendments]..........\n No person having taken an oath as a 14 3 ......\n legislative, executive or judicial\n officer of the United States, or of\n any State, and afterwards engaged in\n insurrection or rebellion against the\n United States, shall be an elector...\n But Congress may, by a vote of two- 14 3 ......\n thirds of each House, remove such\n disability. [Amendments].............\nEmancipation of any slave shall be held to 14 4 ......\n be illegal and void. Claims for the loss\n or. [Amendments].........................\nEmit bills of credit. No State shall...... 1 10 1\nEmolument of any kind from any king, 1 9 8\n prince, or foreign state, without the\n consent of Congress. No person holding\n any office under the United States shall\n accept any...............................\nEnemies. Treason shall consist in levying 3 3 1\n war against the United States, in\n adhering to, or giving aid and comfort to\n their....................................\nEngagements contracted before the adoption 6 ....... 1\n of this Constitution shall be valid. All\n debts and................................\nEnumeration of the inhabitants shall be 1 2 3\n made within three years after the first\n meeting of Congress, and within every\n subsequent term of ten years thereafter..\n Ratio of representation not to exceed 1 2 3\n one of every 30,000 until the first\n enumeration shall be made............\n Income tax authorized without regard 16 ....... ......\n to. [Amendments].....................\nEnumeration in the Constitution of certain 9 ....... ......\n rights shall not be construed to deny or\n disparage others retained by the people.\n The. [Amendments]........................\nEqual protection of the laws. No State 14 1 ......\n shall deny to any person within its\n jurisdiction the. [Amendments]...........\nEqual suffrage in the Senate. No State 5 ....... ......\n shall be deprived without its consent, of\n its......................................\nEstablishment of this Constitution between 7 ....... ......\n the States ratifying the same. The\n ratification of nine States shall be\n sufficient for the.......................\nEx post facto law shall be passed. No bill 1 9 3\n of attainder or..........................\nEx post facto law, or law impairing the 1 10 1\n obligation of contracts. No State shall\n pass any bill of attainder...............\nExcessive bail shall not be required, nor 8 ....... ......\n excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and\n unusual punishments inflicted.\n [Amendments].............................\nExcises. Congress shall have power to lay 1 8 1\n and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and..\n Shall be uniform throughout the United 1 8 1\n States. All duties, imposts, and.....\nExclusive legislation, in all cases, over 1 8 17\n such district as may become the seat of\n government. Congress shall exercise......\n Over all places purchased for the 1 8 17\n erection of forts, magazines,\n arsenals, dock-yards and other\n needful buildings. Congress shall\n exercise.............................\nExecutive and judicial officers of the 6 ....... 3\n United States and of the several States\n shall be bound by an oath to support the\n Constitution.............................\nExecutive departments. On subjects 2 2 1\n relating to their duties the President\n may require the written opinions of the\n principal officers in each of the........\n Congress may by law vest the 2 2 2\n appointment of inferior officers in\n the heads of.........................\nExecutive of a State. The United States 4 4 ......\n shall protect each State against invasion\n and domestic violence, on the application\n of the legislature or the................\nExecutive power shall be vested in a 2 1 1\n President of the United States of\n America. The.............................\nExpel a member. Each House, with the 1 5 2\n concurrence of two-thirds, may...........\nExpenditures of public money shall be 1 9 7\n published from time to time. A regular\n statement of the receipts and............\nExportations from any State. No tax or 1 9 5\n duty shall be laid on....................\nExports or imports, except upon certain 1 10 2\n conditions. No State shall, without the\n consent of Congress, lay any duties on...\n Laid by any State, shall be for the 1 10 2\n use of the Treasury. The net produce\n of all duties on.....................\n Shall be subject to the revision and 1 10 2\n control of Congress. All laws of the\n States laying duties on..............\nExtraordinary occasions. The President may 2 3 ......\n convene both Houses, or either House of\n Congress, on.............................\n\n F\n\nFaith and credit in each State shall be 4 1 ......\n given to the acts, records, and judicial\n proceedings of another State. Full.......\nFelonies committed on the high seas. 1 8 10\n Congress shall have power to define and\n punish piracies and......................\nFelony, and breach of the peace. Members 1 6 1\n of Congress shall not be privileged from\n arrest for treason.......................\nFines. Excessive fines shall not be 8 ....... ......\n imposed. [Amendments]....................\nForeign coin. Congress shall have power to 1 8 5\n coin money, fix the standard of weights\n and measures, and to regulate the value\n of.......................................\nForeign nations, among the States, and 1 8 3\n with the Indian tribes. Congress shall\n have power to regulate commerce with.....\nForeign power. No State shall, without the 1 10 3\n consent of Congress, enter into any\n compact or agreement with any............\nForfeiture, except during the life of the 3 3 2\n person attainted. Attainder of treason\n shall not work...........................\nForm of government. The United States 4 4 ......\n shall guarantee to every State in this\n Union a republican.......................\n And shall protect each of them against 4 4 ......\n invasion; and on application of the\n legislature or of the executive (when\n the legislature cannot be convened),\n against domestic violence............\nFormation of new States. Provisions 4 3 1\n relating to the..........................\nForts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, 1 8 17\n and other needful buildings. Congress\n shall exercise exclusive authority over\n all places purchased for the erection of.\nFree State, the right of the people to 2 ....... ......\n keep and bear arms shall not be\n infringed. A well-regulated militia being\n necessary to the security of a.\n [Amendments].............................\nFreedom of speech or the press. Congress 1 ....... ......\n shall make no law abridging the.\n [Amendments].............................\nFugitives from crime found in another 4 2 2\n State shall, on demand, be delivered up\n to the authorities of the State from\n which they may flee......................\nFugitives from service or labor in one 4 2 3\n State, escaping into another State, shall\n be delivered up to the party to whom such\n service or labor may be due..............\n\n G\n\nGeneral welfare and secure the blessings ........... ....... ......\n of liberty, &c. To promote the.\n [Preamble.]..............................\nGeneral welfare. Congress shall have power 1 8 1\n to provide for the common defense and....\nGeorgia entitled to three Representatives 1 2 3\n in the first Congress....................\nGold and silver coin a tender in payment 1 10 1\n of debts. No State shall make anything\n but......................................\nGood behavior. The judges of the Supreme 3 1 ......\n and inferior courts shall hold their\n offices during...........................\nGovernment. The United States shall 4 4 ......\n guarantee to every State in this Union a\n republican form of.......................\n And shall protect each of them against 4 4 ......\n invasion, and on application of the\n legislature or of the executive (when\n the legislature cannot be convened)\n against domestic violence............\nGrand jury. No person shall be held to 5 ....... ......\n answer for a capital or otherwise\n infamous crime, unless on the presentment\n of a. [Amendments].......................\n Except in cases arising in the land 5 ....... ......\n and naval forces, and in the militia\n when in actual service. [Amendments].\nGuarantee to every State in this Union a 4 4 ......\n republican form of government. The United\n States shall.............................\n And shall protect each of them against 4 4 ......\n invasion; and on application of the\n legislature or of the executive (when\n the legislature cannot be convened),\n against domestic violence............\n\n H\n\nHabeas corpus shall not be suspended 1 9 2\n unless in cases of rebellion or invasion.\n The writ of..............................\nHeads of departments. Congress may, by 2 2 2\n law, vest the appointment of inferior\n officers in the..........................\n On any subject relating to their 2 2 1\n duties, the President may require the\n written opinion of the principal\n officers in each of the executive\n departments..........................\nHigh crimes and misdemeanors. The 2 4 ......\n President, Vice President, and all civil\n officers shall be removed on impeachment\n for and conviction of treason, bribery,\n or other.................................\nHouse of Representatives. Congress shall 1 1 ......\n consist of a Senate and..................\n Shall be composed of members chosen 1 2 1\n every second year....................\n Qualifications of electors for members 1 2 1\n of the...............................\n No person shall be a member who shall 1 2 2\n not have attained the age of twenty-\n five years, and been seven years a\n citizen of the United States.........\n The executives of the several States 1 2 4\n shall issue writs of election to fill\n vacancies in the.....................\n Shall choose their Speaker and other 1 2 5\n officers.............................\n Shall have the sole power of 1 2 5\n impeachment..........................\n Shall be the judge of the elections, 1 5 1\n returns, and qualifications of its\n own members..........................\n A majority shall constitute a quorum 1 5 1\n to do business.......................\n Less than a majority may adjourn from 1 5 1\n day to day, and compel the attendance\n of absent members....................\n May determine its own rules of 1 5 2\n proceedings..........................\n May punish its members for disorderly 1 5 2\n behavior, and, with the concurrence\n of two-thirds, expel a member........\n Shall keep a journal of its 1 5 3\n proceedings..........................\n Shall not adjourn for more than three 1 5 4\n days during the session of Congress\n without the consent of the Senate....\n Members shall not be questioned for 1 6 1\n any speech or debate in either House\n or in any other place................\n No person holding any office under the 1 6 2\n United States shall, while holding\n such office, be a member of the......\n No person, while a member of either 1 6 2\n House, shall be appointed to an\n office which shall have been created\n or the emoluments increased during\n his membership.......................\n All bills for raising revenue shall 1 7 1\n originate in the.....................\n The votes for President and Vice 12 ....... ......\n President shall be counted in the\n presence of the Senate and.\n [Amendments].........................\n If no person have a majority of 12 ....... ......\n electoral votes, then from the three\n highest on the list the House of\n Representatives shall immediately, by\n ballot, choose a President.\n [Amendments].........................\n They shall vote by States, each State 12 ....... ......\n counting one vote. [Amendments]......\n A quorum shall consist of a member or 12 ....... ......\n members from two-thirds of the\n States, and a majority of all the\n States shall be necessary to the\n choice of a President. [Amendments]..\n No person having as a legislative, 14 3 ......\n executive, or judicial officer of the\n United States, or of any State, taken\n an oath to support the Constitution,\n and afterwards engaged in\n insurrection or rebellion against the\n United States, shall be a member of\n the. [Amendments]....................\n But Congress may, by a vote of two- 14 3 ......\n thirds of each house, remove such\n disability. [Amendments].............\n\n I\n\nImminent danger as will not admit of 1 10 3\n delay. No State shall, without the\n consent of Congress, engage in war,\n unless actually invaded or in such.......\nImmunities. Members of Congress shall, in 1 6 1\n all cases except treason, felony, and\n breach of the peace, be privileged from\n arrest during their attendance at the\n session of their respective houses, and\n in going and returning from the same.....\n No soldier shall be quartered in any 3 ....... ......\n house without the consent of the\n owner in time of peace. [Amendments].\n No person shall be twice put in 5 ....... ......\n jeopardy of life and limb for the\n same offense. [Amendments]...........\n All persons born or naturalized in the 14 1 ......\n United States, and subject to the\n jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of\n the United States and of the State in\n which they reside. [Amendments]......\n No State shall make or enforce any law 14 1 ......\n which shall abridge the privileges or\n immunities of citizens of the United\n States. [Amendments].................\n Nor shall any State deprive any person 14 1 ......\n of life, liberty, or property without\n due process of law. [Amendments].....\n Nor deny to any person within its 14 1 ......\n jurisdiction the equal protection of\n the law. [Amendments]................\nImpeachment. The President may grant 2 2 1\n reprieves and pardons except in cases of.\n The House of Representatives shall 1 2 5\n have the sole power of...............\nImpeachment for and conviction of treason, 2 4 ......\n bribery, and other high crimes and\n misdemeanors. The President, Vice\n President, and all civil officers shall\n be removed upon..........................\nImpeachments. The Senate shall have the 1 3 6\n sole power to try all....................\n The Senate shall be on oath, or 1 3 6\n affirmation, when sitting for the\n trial of.............................\n When the President of the United 1 3 6\n States is tried the Chief Justice\n shall preside........................\n No person shall be convicted without 1 3 6\n the concurrence of two-thirds of the\n members present......................\n Judgment shall not extend beyond 1 3 7\n removal from office and\n disqualification to hold office......\n But the party convicted shall be 1 3 7\n liable to indictment and punishment\n according to law.....................\nImportation of slaves prior to 1808 shall 1 9 1\n not be prohibited by the Congress........\n But a tax or duty of ten dollars for 1 9 1\n each person may be imposed on such...\nImports or exports except what may be 1 10 2\n absolutely necessary for executing its\n inspection laws. No State shall, without\n the consent of Congress, lay any imposts\n or duties on.............................\nImports or exports laid by any State shall 1 10 2\n be for the use of the Treasury. The net\n produce of all duties on.................\nImports or exports shall be subject to the 1 10 2\n revision and control of Congress. All\n laws of States laying duties on..........\nImposts and excises. Congress shall have 1 8 1\n power to lay and collect taxes, duties...\n Shall be uniform throughout the United 1 8 1\n States. All taxes, duties............\nInability of the President. The powers and 2 1 6\n duties of his office shall devolve on the\n Vice President. In case of the death,\n resignation, or..........................\n [Amendments]............................ 25 ....... ......\n The Vice President shall succeed to 25 ....... ......\n the office of the President. In case\n of the death, resignation, or\n removal, or [Amendments].............\nInability of the President or Vice 2 1 6\n President. Congress may provide by law\n for the case of the removal, death,\n resignation, or..........................\n [Amendments]............................ 25 ....... ......\nIncome taxes. Congress shall have power to 16 ....... ......\n lay and collect without apportionment\n among the several States, and without\n regard to any census or enumeration.\n [Amendments].............................\nIndian tribes. Congress shall have power 1 8 3\n to regulate commerce with the............\nIndictment or presentment of a grand jury. 5 ....... ......\n No person shall be held to answer for a\n capital or infamous crime unless on\n [Amendments].............................\n Except in cases arising in the land 5 ....... ......\n and naval forces, and in the militia\n when in actual service. [Amendments].\nIndictment, trial, judgment, and 1 3 7\n punishment, according to law. The party\n convicted in case of impeachment shall\n nevertheless be liable and subject to....\nInfamous crime unless on presentment or 5 ....... ......\n indictment of a grand jury. No person\n shall be held to answer for a capital or\n [Amendments].............................\nInferior courts. Congress shall have power 1 8 9\n to constitute tribunals inferior to the\n Supreme Court............................\nInferior courts as Congress may establish. 3 1 ......\n The judicial power of the United States\n shall be vested in one Supreme Court and\n such.....................................\n The judges of both the Supreme and 3 1 ......\n inferior courts shall hold their\n offices during good behavior.........\n Their compensation shall not be 3 1 ......\n diminished during their continuance\n in office............................\nInferior officers, Congress, if they think 2 2 2\n proper, may by law vest the appointment\n of in the President alone, in the courts\n of law, or in the heads of Departments...\nInhabitant of the State for which he shall 1 3 3\n be chosen. No person shall be a Senator\n who shall not have attained the age of\n thirty years, been nine years a citizen\n of the United States, and who shall not,\n when elected, be an......................\nInsurrection or rebellion against the 14 3 ......\n United States. No person shall be a\n Senator or Representative in Congress, or\n presidential elector, or hold any office,\n civil or military, under the United\n States, or any State, who, having taken\n an oath as a legislative, executive, or\n judicial officer of the United States, or\n of a State, afterwards engaged in.\n [Amendments].............................\n But Congress may, by a vote of two- 14 3 ......\n thirds of each House, remove such\n disabilities. [Amendments]...........\n Debts declared illegal and void which 14 4 ......\n were contracted in aid of.\n [Amendments].........................\nInsurrections and repel invasions. 1 8 15\n Congress shall provide for calling forth\n the militia to suppress..................\nIntoxicating liquors. Prohibition of 18 1 ......\n manufacture, sale, transportation,\n importation, or exportation of.\n [Amendments].............................\n Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment. 21 1 ......\n [Amendments].........................\n Transportation or importation into any 21 2 ......\n State, Territory or possession, for\n delivery or use therein in violation\n of their laws, prohibited.\n [Amendments].........................\nInvasion. No State shall, without the 1 10 3\n consent of Congress, engage in war unless\n actually invaded, or in such imminent\n danger as will not admit of delay........\n The writ of habeas corpus shall not be 1 9 2\n suspended unless in case of rebellion\n or...................................\nInvasion and domestic violence. The United 4 4 ......\n States shall protect each State against..\nInvasions. Congress shall provide for 1 8 15\n calling forth the militia to suppress\n insurrections and repel..................\nInventors and authors in their inventions 1 8 8\n and writings. Congress may pass laws to\n secure for limited times exclusive rights\n to.......................................\nInvoluntary servitude, except as a 13 1 ......\n punishment for crime, abolished in the\n United States. Slavery and. [Amendments].\n\n J\n\nJeopardy of life and limb for the same 5 ....... ......\n offense. No person shall be twice put in.\n [Amendments].............................\nJournal of its proceedings. Each House 1 5 3\n shall keep a.............................\nJudges in every State shall be bound by 6 ....... 2\n the Constitution, the laws and treaties\n of the United States, which shall be the\n supreme law of the land..................\nJudges of the Supreme and inferior courts 3 1 ......\n shall hold their offices during good\n behavior.................................\n Their compensation shall not be 3 1 ......\n diminished during their continuance\n in office............................\nJudgment in cases of impeachment shall not 1 3 7\n extend further than to removal from\n office, and disqualification to hold any\n office of honor, trust, or profit under\n the United States........................\n But the party convicted shall 1 3 7\n nevertheless be liable and subject to\n indictment, trial, judgment, and\n punishment according to law..........\nJudicial and executive officers of the 6 ....... 3\n United States and of the several States\n shall be bound by an oath to support the\n Constitution.............................\nJudicial power of the United States. 1 8 9\n Congress shall have power to constitute\n tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court..\n The judicial power of the United 3 1 ......\n States shall be vested in one Supreme\n Court, and in such inferior courts as\n Congress may from time to time ordain\n and establish........................\n The judges of the Supreme and inferior 3 1 ......\n courts shall hold their offices\n during good behavior.................\n Their compensation shall not be 3 1 ......\n diminished during their continuance\n in office............................\n It shall extend to all cases in law 3 2 1\n and equity arising under the\n Constitution, laws, and treaties of\n the United States....................\n To all cases affecting ambassadors, 3 2 1\n other public ministers, and consuls..\n To all cases of admiralty and maritime 3 2 1\n jurisdiction.........................\n To controversies to which the United 3 2 1\n States shall be a party..............\n To controversies between two or more 3 2 1\n States...............................\n To controversies between a State and 3 2 1\n citizens of another State............\n [Amendments]........................ 11 ....... ......\n To controversies between citizens of 3 2 1\n different States.....................\n To citizens of the same State claiming 3 2 1\n lands under grants of different\n States...............................\n To controversies between a State or 3 2 1\n its citizens and foreign states,\n citizens, or subjects................\n In all cases affecting ambassadors, 3 2 2\n other public ministers and consuls,\n and those in which a State shall be a\n party, the Supreme Court shall have\n original jurisdiction................\n In all other cases before mentioned, 3 2 2\n it shall have appellate jurisdiction,\n both as to law and fact, with such\n exceptions and under such regulations\n as Congress shall make...............\n The trial of all crimes, except in 3 2 3\n cases of impeachment, shall be by\n jury.................................\n The trial shall be held in the State 3 2 3\n where the crimes shall have been\n committed............................\n But when not committed in a State, the 3 2 3\n trial shall be at such place or\n places as Congress may by law have\n directed.............................\n The judicial power of the United 11 ....... ......\n States shall not be held to extend to\n any suit in law or equity commenced\n or prosecuted against one of the\n United States by citizens of another\n State, or by citizens or subjects of\n any Foreign State. [Amendments]......\nJudicial proceedings of every other State. 4 1 ......\n Full faith and credit shall be given in\n each State to the acts, records, and.....\n Congress shall prescribe the manner of 4 1 ......\n proving such acts, records, and\n proceedings..........................\nJudiciary. The Supreme Court shall have 3 2 2\n original jurisdiction in all cases\n affecting ambassadors, other public\n ministers and consuls, and those in which\n a State may be a party...................\n The Supreme Court shall have appellate 3 2 2\n jurisdiction both as to law and fact,\n with such exceptions and regulations\n as Congress may make.................\nJunction of two or more States or parts of 4 3 1\n States without the consent of the\n legislatures and of Congress. No State\n shall be formed by the...................\nJurisdiction of another State. No new 4 3 1\n State shall, without the consent of\n Congress, be formed or erected within the\nJurisdiction, both as to law and fact, 3 2 2\n with such exceptions and under such\n regulations as Congress may make. The\n Supreme Court shall have appellate.......\nJurisdiction. In all cases affecting 3 2 2\n ambassadors and other public ministers\n and consuls, and in cases where a State\n is a party, the Supreme Court shall have\n original.................................\nJury. The trial of all crimes, except in 3 2 3\n cases of impeachment, shall be by........\n In all criminal prosecutions the 6 ....... ......\n accused shall have a speedy and\n public trial by. [Amendments]........\n All suits at common law, where the 7 ....... ......\n value exceeds twenty dollars, shall\n be tried by. [Amendments]............\n Where a fact has been tried by a jury 7 ....... ......\n it shall not be reexamined except by\n the rules of the common law.\n [Amendments].........................\nJust compensation. Private property shall 5 ....... ......\n not be taken for public use without.\n [Amendments].............................\nJustice, insure domestic tranquility, &c. ........... ....... ......\n To establish. [Preamble].................\n\n L\n\nLabor, in one State escaping into another 4 2 3\n State shall be delivered up to the party\n to whom such service or labor may be due.\n Fugitives from service or................\nLand and naval forces. Congress shall make 1 8 14\n rules for the government and regulation\n of the...................................\nLaw and fact, with exceptions and under 3 2 2\n regulations to be made by Congress. The\n Supreme Court shall have appellate\n jurisdiction as to.......................\nLaw of nations. Congress shall provide for 1 8 10\n punishing offenses against the...........\nLaw of the land. The Constitution, the 6 ....... 2\n laws made in pursuance thereof, and\n treaties of the United States, shall be\n the supreme..............................\n The judges in every State shall be 6 ....... 2\n bound thereby........................\nLaws. Congress shall provide for calling 1 8 15\n forth the militia to suppress\n insurrection, repel invasion, and to\n execute the..............................\nLaws necessary to carry into execution the 1 8 18\n powers vested in the government, or in\n any department or officer of the United\n States. Congress shall make all..........\nLaws and treaties of the United States. 3 2 1\n The judicial power shall extend to all\n cases in law and equity arising under the\n Constitution, or the.....................\nLegal tender in payment of debts. No State 1 10 1\n shall make anything but gold and silver\n coin a...................................\nLegislation in all cases over such 1 8 17\n district as may become the seat of\n government. Congress shall exercise\n exclusive................................\n Over all places purchased for the 1 8 17\n erection of forts, magazines,\n arsenals, dock-yards, and other\n needful buildings. Congress shall\n exercise exclusive...................\nLegislation. Congress shall have power to 1 8 18\n make all laws necessary and proper for\n carrying into execution all the powers\n vested by the Constitution in the\n Government of the United States or in any\n department or officer thereof............\n Congress shall have power to enforce 13 2 ......\n the thirteenth amendment, prohibiting\n slavery, by appropriate. [Amendments]\n Congress shall have power to enforce 14 5 ......\n the fourteenth amendment by\n appropriate. [Amendments]............\n Congress shall have power to enforce 15 2 ......\n the fifteenth amendment by\n appropriate. [Amendments]............\n Congress and the several States shall 18 2 ......\n have concurrent power to enforce the\n eighteenth amendment by appropriate.\n [Amendments].........................\n Congress shall have power to enforce 19 ....... ......\n the nineteenth amendment by\n appropriate. [Amendments]............\n Congress shall have power to enforce 23 2 ......\n the twenty-third amendment by\n appropriate. [Amendments]............\n Congress shall have power to enforce 24 2 ......\n the twenty-fourth amendment by\n appropriate. [Amendments]............\n Congress shall have power to enforce 26 2 ......\n the twenty-sixth amendment by\n appropriate. [Amendments]............\nLegislative powers herein granted shall be 1 1 ......\n vested in Congress. All..................\nLegislature, or the Executive (when the 4 4 ......\n legislature cannot be convened). The\n United States shall protect each State\n against invasion and domestic violence,\n on the application of the................\nLegislatures of two-thirds of the States, 5 ....... ......\n Congress shall call a convention for\n proposing amendments to the Constitution.\n On the application of the................\nLetters of marque and reprisal. Congress 1 8 11\n shall have power to grant................\n No State shall grant.................. 1 10 1\nLiberty to ourselves and our posterity, ........... ....... ......\n &c. To secure the blessings of.\n [Preamble]...............................\nLife or limb for the same offense. No 5 ....... ......\n person shall be twice put in jeopardy of.\n [Amendments].............................\nLife, liberty, and property without due 5 ....... ......\n process of law. No person shall be\n compelled in any criminal case to be a\n witness against himself, nor be deprived\n of. [Amendments].........................\n No State shall abridge the privileges 14 1 ......\n or immunities of citizens of the\n United States, nor deprive any person\n of. [Amendments].....................\nLoss or emancipation of any slave shall be 14 4 ......\n held illegal and void. Claims for the.\n [Amendments].............................\n\n M\n\nMagazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other 1 8 17\n needful buildings. Congress shall have\n exclusive authority over all places\n purchased for the erection of............\nMajority of each House shall constitute a 1 5 1\n quorum to do business. A.................\n But a smaller number may adjourn from 1 5 1\n day to day and may be authorized to\n compel the attendance of absent\n members..............................\nMajority of all the States shall be 12 ....... ......\n necessary to a choice. When the choice of\n a President shall devolve on the House of\n Representatives, a quorum shall consist\n of a member or members from two-thirds of\n the States; but a. [Amendments]..........\n When the choice of a Vice President 12 ....... ......\n shall devolve on the Senate, a quorum\n shall consist of two-thirds of the\n whole number of Senators, and a\n majority of the whole number shall be\n necessary to a choice. [Amendments]..\nMaritime jurisdiction. The judicial power 3 2 1\n shall extend to all cases of admiralty\n and......................................\nMarque and reprisal. Congress shall have 1 8 11\n power to grant letters of................\n No State shall grant any letters of... 1 10 1\nMaryland entitled to six Representatives 1 2 3\n in the first Congress....................\nMassachusetts entitled to eight 1 2 3\n Representatives in the first Congress....\nMeasures. Congress shall fix the standard 1 8 5\n of weights and...........................\nMeeting of Congress. The Congress shall 1 4 2\n assemble at least once in every year, and\n such meeting shall be on the first Monday\n in December, unless they shall by law\n appoint a different day..................\nMeeting of Electors. The Electors shall 12 ....... ......\n meet in their respective States and vote\n by ballot for President and Vice\n President, one of whom, at least, shall\n not be an inhabitant of the same State\n with themselves. [Amendments]............\n District of Columbia, electors for 23 1 ......\n President and Vice President\n appointed by District. [Amendments]..\nMembers of Congress and of State 6 ....... 3\n legislatures shall be bound by oath or\n affirmation to support the Constitution..\nMilitia to execute the laws, suppress 1 8 15\n insurrections, and repel invasions.\n Congress shall provide for calling forth\n the......................................\n Congress shall provide for organizing, 1 8 16\n arming, and disciplining the.........\n Congress shall provide for governing 1 8 16\n such part of them as may be employed\n by the United States.................\n Reserving to the States the 1 8 16\n appointment of the officers and the\n right to train the militia according\n to the discipline prescribed by\n Congress.............................\n A well-regulated militia being 2 ....... ......\n necessary to the security of a free\n State, the right of the people to\n keep and bear arms shall not be\n infringed. [Amendments]..............\nMisdemeanors. The President, Vice 2 4 ......\n President, and all civil officers shall\n be removed on impeachment for and\n conviction of treason, bribery, or other\n high crimes and..........................\nMoney on the credit of the United States. 1 8 2\n Congress shall have power to borrow......\n Regulate the value thereof and of 1 8 5\n foreign coin. Congress shall have\n power to coin........................\n Shall be drawn from the Treasury but 1 9 7\n in consequence of appropriations made\n by law. No...........................\n Shall be published from time to time. 1 9 7\n A regular statement and account of\n receipts and expenditures of public..\n For raising and supporting armies. No 1 8 12\n appropriation of money shall be for a\n longer term than two years...........\n\n N\n\nNations. Congress shall have power to 1 8 3\n regulate commerce with foreign...........\n Congress shall provide for punishing 1 8 10\n offenses against the law of..........\nNatural-born citizen, or a citizen at the 2 1 5\n adoption of the Constitution, shall be\n eligible for the office of President. No\n person except a..........................\nNaturalization. Congress shall have power 1 8 4\n to establish a uniform rule of...........\nNaturalized in the United States, and 14 1 ......\n subject to their jurisdiction, shall be\n citizens of the United States and of the\n States in which they reside. All persons\n born, or. [Amendments]...................\nNaval forces. Congress shall make rules 1 8 14\n and regulations for the government and\n regulation of the land and...............\nNavy. Congress shall have power to provide 1 8 13\n and maintain a...........................\nNew Hampshire entitled to three 1 2 3\n Representatives in the first Congress....\nNew Jersey entitled to four 1 2 3\n Representatives in the first Congress....\nNew States may be admitted by Congress 4 3 1\n into this Union..........................\n But no new State shall be formed 4 3 1\n within the jurisdiction of another\n State without the consent of Congress\n Nor shall any State be formed by the 4 3 1\n junction of two or more States or\n parts of States, without the consent\n of the legislatures and of Congress..\nNew York entitled to six Representatives 1 2 3\n in the first Congress....................\nNobility shall be granted by the United 1 9 8\n States. No title of......................\n No State shall grant any title of..... 1 10 1\nNominations for office by the President. 2 2 2\n The President shall nominate, and, by and\n with the advice and consent of the\n Senate, shall appoint ambassadors and\n other public officers....................\n He may grant commissions to fill 2 2 3\n vacancies that happen in the recess\n of the Senate, which shall expire at\n the end of their next session........\n The President shall nominate a 25 2 ......\n successor to the Vice President\n whenever a vacancy in office occurs\n [Amendments].........................\nNorth Carolina entitled to five 1 2 3\n Representatives in the first Congress....\nNumber of electors for President and Vice 2 1 2\n President in each State shall be equal to\n the number of Senators and\n Representatives to which such State may\n be entitled in Congress..................\n\n O\n\nOath of office of the President of the 2 1 8\n United States. Form of the...............\nOath or affirmation. No warrants shall be 4 ....... ......\n issued but upon probable cause supported\n by. [Amendments].........................\nOath or affirmation to support the 6 ....... 3\n Constitution. Senators and\n Representatives, members of State\n legislatures, executive and judicial\n officers of the United States and of the\n several States, shall be bound by........\n But no religious test shall ever be 6 ....... 3\n required as a qualification for\n office...............................\n The Senators when sitting to try 1 3 6\n impeachment shall be on..............\nObjections. If he shall not approve it, 1 7 2\n the President shall return the bill to\n the House in which it originated with his\nObligation of contracts. No State shall 1 10 1\n pass any ex post facto law, or law\n impairing the............................\nObligations incurred in aid of 14 4 ......\n insurrection or rebellion against the\n United States to be held illegal and\n void. All debts or. [Amendments].........\nOffense. No person shall be twice put in 5 ....... ......\n jeopardy of life or limb for the same.\n [Amendments].............................\nOffenses against the law of nations. 1 8 10\n Congress shall provide for punishing.....\n Against the United States, except in 2 2 1\n cases of impeachment. The President\n may grant reprieves or pardons for...\nOffice under the United States. No person 1 6 2\n shall be a member of either House while\n holding any civil........................\n No Senator or Representative shall be 1 6 2\n appointed to any office under the\n United States which shall have been\n created, or its emoluments increased,\n during the term for which he is\n elected..............................\n Or title of any kind from any king, 1 9 8\n prince, or foreign State, without the\n consent of Congress. No person\n holding any office under the United\n States shall accept any present,\n emolument............................\nOffice of President, in case of his 2 1 6\n removal, death, resignation, or\n inability, shall devolve on the Vice\n President. The powers and duties of the..\n [Amendments]............................ 25 ....... ......\n During the term of four years. The 2 1 1\n President and Vice President shall\n hold.................................\n Of trust or profit under the United 2 1 2\n States shall be an elector for\n President and Vice President. No\n person holding an....................\n Civil or military under the United 14 3 ......\n States, or any State, who had taken\n an oath as a legislative, executive,\n or judicial officer of the United\n States, or of any State, and\n afterward engaged in insurrection or\n rebellion. No person shall be a\n Senator, Representative or President\n elector, or hold any. [Amendments]...\nOfficers in the President alone, in the 2 2 2\n courts of law, or in the heads of\n Departments. Congress may vest the\n appointment of inferior..................\n Of the United States shall be removed 2 4 ......\n on impeachment for and conviction of\n treason, bribery, or other high\n crimes and misdemeanors. The\n President, Vice President, and all\n civil................................\n The House of Representatives shall 1 2 5\n choose their Speaker and other.......\n The Senate, in the absence of the Vice 1 3 5\n President, shall choose a President\n pro tempore, and also their other....\nOffices becoming vacant in the recess of 2 2 3\n the Senate may be filled by the\n President, the commissions to expire at\n the end of the next session..............\nOne-fifth of the members present, be 1 5 3\n entered on the journal of each House. The\n yeas and nays shall, at the desire of....\nOpinion of the principal officers in each 2 2 1\n of the Executive Departments on any\n subject relating to their duties. The\n President may require the written........\nOrder, resolution, or vote (except on a 1 7 3\n question of adjournment) requiring the\n concurrence of the two Houses, shall be\n presented to the President. Every........\nOriginal jurisdiction, in all cases 3 2 2\n affecting ambassadors, other public\n ministers, and consuls, and in which a\n State may be a party. The Supreme Court\n shall have...............................\nOvert act, or on confession in open court. 3 3 1\n Conviction of treason shall be on the\n testimony of two witnesses to the........\n\n P\n\nPardons, except in cases of impeachment. 2 2 1\n The President may grant reprieves and....\nPatent rights to inventors. Congress may 1 8 8\n pass laws for securing...................\nPeace. Members of Congress shall not be 1 6 1\n privileged from arrest for treason,\n felony, and breach of the................\n No State shall, without the consent of 1 10 3\n Congress, keep troops or ships of war\n in time of...........................\n No soldier shall be quartered in any 3 ....... ......\n house without the consent of the\n owner in time of. [Amendments].......\nPennsylvania entitled to eight 1 2 3\n Representatives in the first Congress....\nPensions and bounties shall not be 14 4 ......\n questioned. The validity of the public\n debt incurred in suppressing insurrection\n and rebellion against the United States,\n including the debt for. [Amendments].....\nPeople, peaceably to assemble and petition 1 ....... ......\n for redress of grievances, shall not be\n abridged by Congress. The right of the.\n [Amendments].............................\n To keep and bear arms shall not be 2 ....... ......\n infringed. A well-regulated militia\n being necessary to the security of a\n free State, the right of the.\n [Amendments].........................\n To be secure in their persons, houses, 4 ....... ......\n papers, and effects, against\n unreasonable searches and seizures\n shall not be violated. The right of\n the. [Amendments]....................\nPeople. The enumeration of certain rights 9 ....... ......\n in the Constitution shall not be held to\n deny or disparage others retained by the.\n [Amendments].............................\n Powers not delegated to the United 10 ....... ......\n States, nor prohibited to the States,\n are reserved to the States or to the.\n [Amendments].........................\nPerfect Union, &c. To establish a more. ........... ....... ......\n [Preamble]...............................\nPersons, houses, papers, and effects 4 ....... ......\n against unreasonable searches and\n seizures. The people shall be secure in\n their. [Amendments]......................\nPersons, as any State may think proper to 1 9 1\n admit, shall not be prohibited prior to\n 1808. The migration or importation of\n such.....................................\n But a tax or duty of ten dollars shall 1 9 1\n be imposed on the importation of each\n of such..............................\nPetition for the redress of grievances. 1 ....... ......\n Congress shall make no law abridging the\n right of the people peaceably to assemble\n and to. [Amendments].....................\nPiracies and felonies committed on the 1 8 10\n high seas. Congress shall define and\n punish...................................\nPlace than that in which the two Houses 1 5 4\n shall be sitting. Neither House during\n the session shall, without the consent of\n the other, adjourn for more than three\n days, nor to any other...................\nPlaces of choosing Senators. Congress may 1 4 1\n by law make or alter regulations for the\n election of Senators and Representatives,\n except as to the.........................\nPoll tax. The right of citizens of the 24 1 ......\n United States to vote shall not be denied\n or abridged by the United States or any\n State by reason of failure to pay.\n [Amendments].............................\nPorts of one State over those of another. 1 9 6\n Preference shall not be given by any\n regulation of commerce or revenue to the.\n Vessels clearing from the ports of one 1 9 6\n State shall not pay duties in another\nPost offices and post roads. Congress 1 8 7\n shall establish..........................\nPowers herein granted shall be vested in 1 1 ......\n Congress. All legislative................\nPowers vested by the Constitution in the 1 8 18\n Government or in any Department or\n officer of the United States. Congress\n shall make all laws necessary to carry\n into execution the.......................\nPowers and duties of the office shall 2 1 6\n devolve on the Vice President, on the\n removal, death, resignation, or inability\n of the President. The....................\n [Amendments]............................ 25 ....... ......\nPowers not delegated to the United States 10 ....... ......\n nor prohibited to the States are reserved\n to the States and to the people.\n [Amendments].............................\n The enumeration of certain rights in 9 ....... ......\n this Constitution shall not be held\n to deny or disparage others retained\n by the people. [Amendments]..........\nPreference, by any regulation of commerce 1 9 6\n or revenue, shall not be given to the\n ports of one State over those of another.\nPrejudice any claims of the United States 4 3 2\n or of any particular State in the\n territory or property of the United\n States. Nothing in this Constitution\n shall....................................\nPresent, emolument, office, or title of 1 9 8\n any kind whatever from any king, prince,\n or foreign State. No person holding any\n office under the United States shall,\n without the consent of Congress, accept\n any......................................\nPresentment or indictment of a grand jury, 5 ....... ......\n except in cases arising in the land or\n naval forces, or in the militia when in\n actual service. No person shall be held\n to answer for a capital or otherwise\n infamous crime unless on a. [Amendments].\nPresident of the United States. The Senate 1 3 5\n shall choose a President pro tempore when\n the Vice President shall exercise the\n office of................................\n Additional provision for succession 20 4 ......\n through act of Congress. [Amendments]\n Succession in case of death. 20 3 ......\n [Amendments].........................\n Succession in case of failure to be 20 3 ......\n chosen or qualified. [Amendments]....\n Term of office, beginning and ending. 20 1 ......\n [Amendments].........................\n The Chief Justice shall preside upon 1 3 6\n the trial of the.....................\n Shall approve and sign all bills 1 7 2\n passed by Congress before they shall\n become laws..........................\n Shall return to the House in which it 1 7 2\n originated, with his objections, any\n bill which he shall not approve......\n If not returned within ten days 1 7 2\n (Sundays excepted), it shall become a\n law, unless Congress shall adjourn\n before the expiration of that time...\n Every order, resolution, or vote which 1 7 3\n requires the concurrence of both\n Houses, except on a question of\n adjournment, shall be presented to\n the..................................\n If disapproved by him, shall be 1 7 3\n returned and proceeded on as in the\n case of a bill.......................\n The executive power shall be vested in 2 1 1\n a....................................\n He shall hold his office during the 2 1 1\n term of four years...................\n In case of the removal of the 2 1 6\n President from office, or of his\n death, resignation, or inability to\n discharge the duties of his office,\n the Vice President shall perform the\n duties of............................\n [Amendments]........................ 25 ....... ......\n Congress may declare, by law, in the 2 1 6\n case of the removal, death,\n resignation, or inability of the\n President, what officer shall act as.\n [Amendments]........................ 25 ....... ......\n The President shall receive a 2 1 7\n compensation which shall not be\n increased nor diminished during his\n term, nor shall he receive any other\n emolument from the United States.....\n Before he enters upon the execution of 2 1 8\n his office he shall take an oath of\n office...............................\n Shall be Commander in Chief of the 2 2 1\n Army and Navy and of the militia of\n the States when called into actual\n service..............................\n He may require the opinion, in 2 2 1\n writing, of the principal officer in\n each of the Executive Departments....\n He may grant reprieves or pardons for 2 2 1\n offenses, except in cases of\n impeachment..........................\n He may make treaties by and with the 2 2 2\n advice and consent of the Senate, two-\n thirds of the Senators present\n concurring...........................\n He may appoint, by and with the advice 2 2 2\n and consent of the Senate,\n ambassadors, other public ministers\n and consuls, judges of the Supreme\n Court, and all other officers whose\n appointments may be authorized by law\n and not herein provided for..........\n Congress may vest the appointment of 2 2 2\n inferior officers in the.............\n He may fill up all vacancies that may 2 2 3\n happen in the recess of the Senate by\n commissions which shall expire at the\n end of their next session............\n He shall give information to Congress 2 3 ......\n of the state of the Union, and\n recommend measures...................\n On extraordinary occasions he may 2 3 ......\n convene both Houses or either........\n In case of disagreement between the 2 3 ......\n two Houses as to the time of\n adjournment, he may adjourn them to\n such time as he may think proper.....\n He shall receive ambassadors and other 2 3 ......\n public ministers.....................\n He shall take care that the laws be 2 3 ......\n faithfully executed..................\n He shall commission all the officers 2 3 ......\n of the United States.................\n On impeachment for, and conviction of, 2 4 ......\n treason, bribery, or other high\n crimes and misdemeanors, shall be\n removed from office. The.............\n No person except a natural-born 2 1 5\n citizen, or a citizen of the United\n States at the adoption of the\n Constitution, shall be eligible to\n the office of........................\n No person shall be elected to office 22 ....... ......\n more than twice. [Amendments]........\n No person who shall not have attained 2 1 5\n the age of thirty-five years and been\n fourteen years a resident of the\n United States shall be eligible for\n the office of........................\n Congress to decide the issue of the 25 4 ......\n President's ability to discharge the\n powers and duties of his office.\n [Amendments].........................\n Declaration of his inability to 25 3 ......\n discharge the powers and duties of\n his office. [Amendments].............\n Nomination of successor to the Vice 25 2 ......\n President whenever a vacancy in the\n office of the Vice President occurs.\n [Amendments].........................\n Succession of Vice President to office 25 ....... ......\n in case of death, resignation,\n removal, or inability of President to\n discharge the powers and duties of\n his office. [Amendments].............\nPresident and Vice President. Manner of 2 1 2\n choosing. Each State by its legislature,\n shall appoint a number of electors equal\n to the whole number of Senators and\n Representatives to which the State may be\n entitled in the Congress.................\n No Senator or Representative or person 2 1 2\n holding an office of trust or profit\n under the United States shall be an\n elector..............................\n Congress may determine the time of 2 1 4\n choosing the electors and the day on\n which they shall give their votes,\n which day shall be the same\n throughout the United States.........\n The electors shall meet in their 12 ....... ......\n respective States and vote by ballot\n for President and Vice President, one\n of whom, at least, shall not be an\n inhabitant of the same State with\n themselves. [Amendments].............\n They shall name in distinct ballots 12 ....... ......\n the person voted for as President and\n the person voted for as Vice\n President. [Amendments]..............\n They shall make distinct lists of the 12 ....... ......\n persons voted for as President and as\n Vice President, which they shall sign\n and certify and transmit sealed to\n the President of the Senate at the\n seat of government. [Amendments].....\n The President of the Senate shall, in 12 ....... ......\n the presence of the Senate and House\n of Representatives, open all the\n certificates, and the votes shall\n then be counted. [Amendments]........\n The person having the greatest number 12 ....... ......\n of votes shall be the President, if\n such number be a majority of the\n whole number of electors appointed.\n [Amendments].........................\n If no person have such majority, then 12 ....... ......\n from the persons having the highest\n numbers, not exceeding three, on the\n list of those voted for as President,\n the House of Representatives shall\n choose immediately, by ballot, the\n President. [Amendments]..............\n In choosing the President, the votes 12 ....... ......\n shall be taken by States, the\n representation from each State having\n one vote. [Amendments]...............\n A quorum for this purpose shall 12 ....... ......\n consist of a member or members from\n two-thirds of the States, and a\n majority of all the States shall be\n necessary to a choice. [Amendments]..\n But if no choice shall be made before 12 ....... ......\n the 4th of March next following, then\n the Vice President shall act as\n President, as in the case of the\n death or disability of the President.\n [Amendments].........................\n The District of Columbia shall 23 1 ......\n appoint, in such manner as the\n Congress may direct, a number of\n electors equal to the whole number of\n Senators and Representatives to which\n the District would be entitled if a\n State. [Amendments]..................\nPresident of the Senate, but shall have no 1 3 4\n vote unless the Senate be equally\n divided. The Vice President shall be.....\nPresident pro tempore. In the absence of 1 3 5\n the Vice President the Senate shall\n choose a.................................\n When the Vice President shall exercise 1 3 5\n the office of President of the United\n States, the Senate shall choose a....\n President to transmit his declaration 25 3 ......\n of inability to discharge the powers\n and duties of his office to.\n [Amendments].........................\n Vice President and a majority of the 25 4 ......\n principal officers of the executive\n departments to transmit their\n declaration of the President's\n inability to discharge the powers and\n duties of his office to. [Amendments]\nPress. Congress shall pass no law 1 ....... ......\n abridging the freedom of speech or of\n the. [Amendments]........................\nPrevious condition of servitude. The right 15 1 ......\n of citizens of the United States to vote\n shall not be denied or abridged by the\n United States, or by any State, on\n account of race, color, or. [Amendments].\nPrimary elections. The right of citizens 24 1 ......\n of the United States to vote in shall not\n be denied or abridged by the United\n States or any State by reason of failure\n to pay any poll tax or other tax.\n [Amendments].............................\nPrivate property shall not be taken for 5 ....... ......\n public use without just compensation.\n [Amendments].............................\nPrivilege. Senators and Representatives 1 6 1\n shall, in all cases except treason,\n felony, and breach of the peace, be\n privileged from arrest during their\n attendance at the session of their\n respective Houses, and in going to and\n returning from the same..................\n They shall not be questioned for any 1 6 1\n speech or debate in either House in\n any other place......................\nPrivileges and immunities of citizens of 4 2 1\n the United States. The citizens of each\n State shall be entitled to all the\n privileges and immunities of the citizens\n of the several States....................\n No soldier shall be quartered in any 3 ....... ......\n house without the consent of the\n owner in time of peace. [Amendments].\n No person shall be twice put in 5 ....... ......\n jeopardy of life and limb for the\n same offense. [Amendments]...........\n All persons born or naturalized in the 14 1 ......\n United States, and subject to the\n jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of\n the United States and of the State in\n which they reside. [Amendments]......\n No State shall make or enforce any law 14 1 ......\n which shall abridge the privileges or\n immunities of citizens of the United\n States. [Amendments].................\n No State shall deprive any person of 14 1 ......\n life, liberty, or property without\n due process of law. [Amendments].....\n Nor deny to any person within its 14 1 ......\n jurisdiction the equal protection of\n its laws. [Amendments]...............\nPrizes captured on land or water. Congress 1 8 11\n shall make rules concerning..............\nProbable cause. The right of the people to 4 ....... ......\n be secure in their persons, houses,\n papers, and effects, against unreasonable\n searches and seizures, shall not be\n violated. And no warrant shall issue for\n such but upon. [Amendments]..............\nProcess for obtaining witnesses in his 6 ....... ......\n favor. In all criminal prosecutions the\n accused shall have. [Amendments].........\nProcess of law. No person shall be 5 ....... ......\n compelled in any criminal case to be a\n witness against himself, nor be deprived\n of life, liberty, or property, without\n due. [Amendments]........................\n No State shall deprive any person of 14 1 ......\n life, liberty, or property, without\n due. [Amendments]....................\nProgress of science and useful arts. 1 8 8\n Congress shall have power to promote the.\nProperty of the United States. Congress 4 3 3\n may dispose of and make all needful rules\n and regulations respecting the territory\n or.......................................\nProperty, without due process of law. No 5 ....... ......\n person shall be compelled in any criminal\n case to be a witness against himself; nor\n shall he be deprived of his life,\n liberty, or. [Amendments]................\n No State shall abridge the privileges 14 1 ......\n or immunities of citizens of the\n United States; nor deprive any person\n of his life, liberty, or.\n [Amendments].........................\nProsecutions. The accused shall have a 6 ....... ......\n speedy and public trial in all criminal.\n [Amendments].............................\n He shall be tried by a jury in the 6 ....... ......\n State or district where the crime was\n committed. [Amendments]..............\n He shall be informed of the nature and 6 ....... ......\n cause of the accusation. [Amendments]\n He shall be confronted with the 6 ....... ......\n witnesses against him. [Amendments]..\n He shall have compulsory process for 6 ....... ......\n obtaining witnesses. [Amendments]....\n He shall have counsel for his defense. 6 ....... ......\n [Amendments].........................\nProtection of the laws. No State shall 14 1 ......\n deny to any person within its\n jurisdiction the equal. [Amendments].....\nPublic debt of the United States incurred 14 4 ......\n in suppressing insurrection or rebellion\n shall not be questioned. The validity of\n the. [Amendments]........................\nPublic safety must require it. The writ of 1 9 2\n habeas corpus shall not be suspended,\n unless when in cases of rebellion or\n invasion the.............................\nPublic trial by jury. In all criminal 6 ....... ......\n prosecutions the accused shall have a\n speedy and. [Amendments].................\nPublic use. Private property shall not be 5 ....... ......\n taken for, without just compensation.\n [Amendments].............................\nPunishment according to law. Judgment in 1 3 7\n cases of impeachment shall not extend\n further than to removal from, and\n disqualification for, office; but the\n party convicted shall nevertheless be\n liable and subject to indictment, trial,\n judgment, and............................\nPunishments inflicted. Excessive bail 8 ....... ......\n shall not be required nor excessive fines\n imposed nor cruel and unusual.\n [Amendments].............................\n\n Q\n\nQualification for office. No religious 6 ....... 3\n test shall ever be required as a.........\nQualifications of electors of members of 1 2 1\n the House of Representatives shall be the\n same as electors for the most numerous\n branch of the State legislature..........\nQualifications of electors of Senators 17 1 ......\n shall be the same as electors of the most\n numerous branch of the State legislature.\n [Amendments].............................\nQualifications of members of the House of 1 2 2\n Representatives. They shall be twenty-\n five years of age, seven years a citizen\n of the United States, and an inhabitant\n of the State in which chosen.............\n Of Senators. They shall be thirty 1 3 3\n years of age, nine years a citizen of\n the United States, and an inhabitant\n of the State in which chosen.........\n Of its own members. Each House shall 1 5 1\n be the judge of the election,\n returns, and.........................\n Of the President. No person except a 2 1 5\n natural-born citizen, or a citizen of\n the United States at the time of the\n adoption of the Constitution, shall\n be eligible to the office of\n President............................\n Neither shall any person be eligible 2 1 5\n to the office of President who shall\n not have attained the age of thirty-\n five years and been fourteen years a\n resident within the United States....\n Of the Vice President. No person 12 ....... ......\n constitutionally ineligible to the\n office of President shall be eligible\n to that of Vice President.\n [Amendments].........................\nQuartered in any house without the consent 3 ....... ......\n of the owner in time of peace. No soldier\n shall be. [Amendments]...................\nQuorum to do business. A majority of each 1 5 1\n House shall constitute a.................\n But a smaller number than a quorum may 1 5 1\n adjourn from day to day and may be\n authorized to compel the attendance\n of absent members....................\n Of the House of Representatives for 12 ....... ......\n choosing a President shall consist of\n a member or members from two-thirds\n of the States, and a majority of all\n the States shall be necessary to a\n choice. [Amendments].................\nQuorum to elect a Vice President by the 12 ....... ......\n Senate. Two-thirds of the whole number of\n Senators shall be a. [Amendments]........\n A majority of the whole number shall 12 ....... ......\n be necessary to a choice.\n [Amendments].........................\n\n R\n\nRace, color, or previous condition of 15 1 ......\n servitude. The right of citizens of the\n United States to vote shall not be denied\n or abridged by the United States or by\n any State on account of. [Amendments]....\nRatification of amendments to the 5 ....... ......\n Constitution shall be by the legislatures\n of three-fourths of the several States or\n by conventions in three-fourths of the\n States, accordingly as Congress may\n propose..................................\nRatification of the conventions of nine 7 ....... ......\n States shall be sufficient to establish\n the Constitution between the States so\n ratifying the same.......................\nRatio of representation until the first 1 2 3\n enumeration under the Constitution shall\n be made not to exceed one for every\n thirty thousand..........................\nRatio of representation shall be 14 2 ......\n apportioned among the several States\n according to their respective numbers,\n counting the whole number of persons in\n each State, excluding Indians not taxed.\n [Amendments].............................\n But when the right to vote for 14 2 ......\n Presidential electors or members of\n Congress, or the legislative,\n executive, and judicial officers of\n the State, except for engaging in\n rebellion or other crime, shall be\n denied or abridged by a State, the\n basis of representation shall be\n reduced therein in the proportion of\n such denial or abridgment of the\n right to vote. [Amendments]..........\nRebellion against the United States. 14 3 ......\n Persons who, while holding certain\n Federal and State offices, took an oath\n to support the Constitution, afterward\n engaged in insurrection or rebellion,\n disabled from holding office under the\n United States. [Amendments]..............\n But Congress may by a vote of two- 14 3 ......\n thirds of each House remove such\n disability. [Amendments].............\n Debts incurred for pensions and 14 4 ......\n bounties for services in suppressing\n the rebellion shall not be\n questioned. [Amendments].............\n All debts and obligations incurred in 14 4 ......\n aid of the rebellion, and all claims\n for the loss or emancipation of\n slaves, declared and held to be\n illegal and void. [Amendments].......\nRebellion or invasion. The writ of habeas 1 9 2\n corpus shall not be suspended except when\n the public safety may require it in cases\n of.......................................\nReceipts and expenditures of all public 1 9 7\n money shall be published from time to\n time. A regular statement of.............\nRecess of the Senate. The President may 2 2 3\n grant commissions, which shall expire at\n the end of the next session, to fill\n vacancies that may happen during the.....\nReconsideration of a bill returned by the 1 7 2\n President with his objections.\n Proceedings to be had upon the...........\nRecords, and judicial proceedings of every 4 1 ......\n other State. Full faith and credit shall\n be given in each State to the acts.......\n Congress shall prescribe the manner of 4 1 ......\n proving such acts, records, and\n proceedings..........................\nRedress of grievances. Congress shall make 1 ....... ......\n no law abridging the right of the people\n peaceably to assemble and to petition for\n the. [Amendments]........................\nRegulations, except as to the places of 1 4 1\n choosing Senators. The time, places, and\n manner of holding elections for Senators\n and Representatives shall be prescribed\n by the legislatures of the States, but\n Congress may at any time by law make or\n alter such...............................\nRegulations of commerce or revenue. 1 9 6\n Preference to the ports of one State over\n those of another shall not be given by\n any......................................\nReligion or prohibiting the free exercise 1 ....... ......\n thereof. Congress shall make no law\n respecting the establishment of.\n [Amendments].............................\nReligious test shall ever be required as a 6 ....... 3\n qualification for any office or public\n trust under the United States. No........\nRemoval of the President from office. The 2 1 6\n same shall devolve on the Vice President.\n In case of the...........................\n [Amendments]............................ 25 ....... ......\n The Vice President shall succeed to 25 ....... ......\n the office of the President. In case\n of the death, resignation, inability,\n or. [Amendments].....................\nRepresentation. No State, without its 5 ....... ......\n consent, shall be deprived of its equal\n suffrage in the Senate...................\nRepresentation and direct taxation, how 1 2 3\n apportioned among the several States.....\nRepresentation until the first enumeration 1 2 3\n under the Constitution not to exceed one\n for every thirty thousand. The ratio of..\nRepresentation in any State. The executive 1 2 4\n thereof shall issue writs of election to\n fill vacancies in the....................\nRepresentation among the several States 14 2 ......\n shall be according to their respective\n numbers, counting the whole number of\n persons in each State, excluding Indians\n not taxed. The ratio of. [Amendments]....\n But where the right to vote in certain 14 2 ......\n Federal and State elections is\n abridged for any cause other than\n rebellion or other crime, the basis\n of representation shall be reduced.\n [Amendments].........................\nRepresentatives. Congress shall consist of 1 1 ......\n a Senate and House of....................\n Qualifications of electors of members 1 2 1\n of the House of......................\n No person shall be a Representative 1 2 2\n who shall not have attained the age\n of twenty-five years, been seven\n years a citizen of the United States,\n and an inhabitant of the State in\n which he shall be chosen.............\n And direct taxes, how apportioned 1 2 3\n among the several States.............\n Executives of the State shall issue 1 2 4\n writs of election to fill vacancies\n in the House of......................\n Shall choose their Speaker and other 1 2 5\n officers. The House of...............\n Shall have the sole power of 1 2 5\n impeachment. The House of............\n The times, places, and manner of 1 4 1\n choosing Representatives shall be\n prescribed by the legislatures of the\n States...............................\n But Congress may make by law at any 1 4 1\n time or alter such regulations except\n as to the places of choosing Senators\n And Senators shall receive a 1 6 1\n compensation, to be ascertained by\n law..................................\n Shall in all cases, except treason, 1 6 1\n felony, and breach of the peace, be\n privileged from arrest during\n attendance at the session of the\n House, and in going to and returning\n from the same........................\n Shall not be questioned in any other 1 6 1\n place for any speech or debate.\n Members of the House of..............\n No member shall be appointed during 1 6 2\n his term to any civil office which\n shall have been created, or the\n emoluments of which shall have been\n increased, during such term..........\n No person holding any office under the 1 6 2\n United States shall, while holding\n such office, be a member of the House\n of...................................\n All bills for raising revenue shall 1 7 1\n originate in the House of............\n No Senator or Representative shall be 2 1 2\n an elector for President or Vice\n President............................\n No law, varying the compensation for 27 ....... ......\n the services of the Senators and\n Representatives, shall take effect,\n until an election of Representatives\n shall have intervened. [Amendments]..\nRepresentatives shall be bound by an oath 6 ....... 3\n or affirmation to support the\n Constitution of the United States. The\n Senators and.............................\nRepresentatives among the several States. 14 2 ......\n Provisions relative to the apportionment\n of. [Amendments].........................\nRepresentatives and Senators. Prescribing 14 3 ......\n certain disqualifications for office as.\n [Amendments].............................\n But Congress may, by a vote of two- 14 3 ......\n thirds of each House, remove such\n disqualification. [Amendments].......\nReprieves and pardons except in cases of 2 2 1\n impeachment. The President may grant.....\nReprisal. Congress shall have power to 1 8 11\n grant letters of marque and..............\n No State shall grant any letters of 1 10 1\n marque and...........................\nRepublican form of government. The United 4 4 ......\n States shall guarantee to every State in\n this Union a.............................\n And shall protect each of them against 4 4 ......\n invasion; and on the application of\n the legislature, or of the executive\n (when the legislature cannot be\n convened), against domestic violence.\nReserved rights of the States and the 9 ....... ......\n people. The enumeration in the\n Constitution of certain rights shall not\n be construed to deny or disparage others\n retained by the people. [Amendments].....\n The powers not delegated to the United 10 ....... ......\n States by the Constitution, nor\n prohibited by it to the States, are\n reserved to the States respectively,\n or to the people. [Amendments].......\nResignation of the President. The duties 2 1 6\n and powers of his office shall devolve on\n the Vice President. In case of the death.\n Congress may by law provide for the 2 1 6\n case of the removal, death...........\n The Vice President shall succeed to 25 ....... ......\n the office of the President. In case\n of the death, removal, inability, or\n [Amendments].........................\nResolution, or vote (except on a question 1 7 3\n of adjournment) requiring the concurrence\n of the two Houses shall, before it\n becomes a law, be presented to the\n President. Every order...................\nRevenue shall originate in the House of 1 7 1\n Representatives. All bills for raising...\nRevenue. Preference shall not be given to 1 9 6\n the ports of one State over those of\n another by any regulations of commerce or\nRhode Island entitled to one 1 2 3\n Representative in the first Congress.....\nRight of petition. Congress shall make no 1 ....... ......\n law abridging the right of the people\n peaceably to assemble and to petition for\n the redress of grievances. [Amendments]..\nRight to keep and bear arms. A well- 2 ....... ......\n regulated militia being necessary to the\n security of a free State, the right of\n the people to keep and bear arms shall\n not be infringed. [Amendments]...........\nRights in the Constitution shall not be 9 ....... ......\n construed to deny or disparage others\n retained by the people. The enumeration\n of certain. [Amendments].................\nRights not delegated to the United States 10 ....... ......\n nor prohibited to the States are reserved\n to the States or to the people.\n [Amendments].............................\nRules of its proceedings. Each House may 1 5 2\n determine the............................\nRules and regulations respecting the 4 3 2\n territory or other property of the United\n States. Congress shall dispose of and\n make all needful.........................\nRules of the common law. All suits 7 ....... ......\n involving over twenty dollars shall be\n tried by jury according to the.\n [Amendments].............................\n No fact tried by a jury shall be re- 7 ....... ......\n examined except according to the.\n [Amendments].........................\n\n S\n\nScience and the useful arts by securing to 1 8 8\n authors and inventors the exclusive right\n to their writings and discoveries.\n Congress shall have power to promote the\n progress of..............................\nSearches and seizures shall not be 4 ....... ......\n violated. The right of the people to be\n secure against unreasonable. [Amendments]\n And no warrants shall be issued but 4 ....... ......\n upon probable cause, on oath or\n affirmation, describing the place to\n be searched and the persons or things\n to be seized. [Amendments]...........\nSeat of Government. Congress shall 1 8 17\n exercise exclusive legislation in all\n cases over such district as may become\n the......................................\nSecurities and current coin of the United 1 8 6\n States. Congress shall provide for\n punishing the counterfeiting of the......\nSecurity of a free State, the right of the 2 ....... ......\n people to keep and bear arms shall not be\n infringed. A well-regulated militia being\n necessary to the. [Amendments]...........\nSenate and House of Representatives. The 1 1 ......\n Congress of the United States shall\n consist of a.............................\nSenate of the United States. The Senate 1 3 1\n shall be composed of two Senators from\n each State, chosen by the legislature for\n six years................................\n The Senate shall be composed of two 17 1 ......\n Senators from each State, elected by\n the people thereof, for six years.\n [Amendments].........................\n Qualifications of electors of 17 1 ......\n Senators. [Amendments]...............\n If vacancies happen during the recess 1 3 2\n of the legislature of a State, the\n executive thereof may make temporary\n appointments until the next meeting\n of the legislature...................\n When vacancies happen the executive 17 2 ......\n authority of the State shall issue\n writs of election to fill such\n vacancies; provided, that the\n legislature of any State may empower\n the executive thereof to make\n temporary appointment until the\n people fill the vacancies by election\n as the legislature may direct.\n [Amendments].........................\n The Vice President shall be President 1 3 4\n of the Senate, but shall have no vote\n unless the Senate be equally divided.\n The Senate shall choose their other 1 3 5\n officers, and also a President pro\n tempore in the absence of the Vice\n President or when he shall exercise\n the office of President..............\n The Senate shall have the sole power 1 3 6\n to try all impeachments. When sitting\n for that purpose they shall be on\n oath or affirmation..................\n When the President of the United 1 3 6\n States is tried the Chief Justice\n shall preside; and no person shall be\n convicted without the concurrence of\n two-thirds of the members present....\n It shall be the judge of the 1 5 1\n elections, returns, and\n qualifications of its own members....\n A majority shall constitute a quorum 1 5 1\n to do business, but a smaller number\n may adjourn from day to day, and may\n be authorized to compel the\n attendance of absent members.........\n It may determine the rules of its 1 5 2\n proceedings, punish a member for\n disorderly behavior, and with the\n concurrence of two-thirds expel a\n member...............................\n It shall keep a journal of its 1 5 3\n proceedings and from time to time\n publish the same, except such parts\n as may in their judgment require\n secrecy..............................\n It shall not adjourn for more than 1 5 4\n three days during a session without\n the consent of the other House.......\n It may propose amendments to bills for 1 7 1\n raising revenue, but such bills shall\n originate in the House of\n Representatives......................\n The Senate shall advise and consent to 2 2 2\n the ratification of all treaties,\n provided two-thirds of the members\n present concur.......................\n It shall advise and consent to the 2 2 2\n appointment of ambassadors, other\n public ministers and consuls, judges\n of the Supreme Court, and all other\n officers not herein otherwise\n provided for.........................\n It may be convened by the President on 2 3 1\n extraordinary occasions..............\n No State, without its consent, shall 5 ....... ......\n be deprived of its equal suffrage in\n the Senate...........................\nSenators. They shall, immediately after 1 3 2\n assembling, under their first election,\n be divided into three classes, so that\n the seats of one-third shall become\n vacant at the expiration of every second\n year.....................................\n No person shall be a Senator who shall 1 3 3\n not be thirty years of age, nine\n years a citizen of the United States,\n and an inhabitant when elected of the\n State for which he shall be chosen...\n The times, places, and manner of 1 4 1\n choosing Senators may be fixed by the\n legislature of a State, but Congress\n may by law make or alter such\n regulations, except as the places of\n choosing.............................\n If vacancies happen during the recess 1 3 2\n of the legislature of a State, the\n executive thereof may make temporary\n appointments until the next meeting\n of the legislature...................\n If vacancies happen the executive 17 2 ......\n authority of the State shall issue\n writs of election to fill such\n vacancies; provided, that the\n legislature of any State may empower\n the executive thereof to make\n temporary appointment until the\n people fill the vacancies by election\n as the legislature may direct.\n [Amendments].........................\n They shall in all cases, except 1 6 1\n treason, felony, and breach of the\n peace, be privileged from arrest\n during their attendance at the\n session of the Senate and in going to\n and returning from the same..........\n Senators and Representatives shall 1 6 1\n receive a compensation to be\n ascertained by law...................\n Senators and Representatives shall not 1 6 1\n be questioned for any speech or\n debate in either House in any other\n place................................\n No Senator or Representative shall, 1 6 2\n during the time for which he was\n elected, be appointed to any civil\n office under the United States which\n shall have been created, or of which\n the emoluments shall have been\n increased during such term...........\n No person holding any office under the 1 6 2\n United States shall be a member of\n either House during his continuance\n in office............................\n No Senator or Representative or person 2 1 2\n holding an office of trust or profit\n under the United States shall be an\n elector for President and Vice\n President............................\n Senators and Representatives shall be 6 ....... 3\n bound by an oath or affirmation to\n support the Constitution.............\n No person shall be a Senator or 14 3 ......\n Representative who, having, as a\n Federal or State officer, taken an\n oath to support the Constitution,\n afterward engaged in rebellion\n against the United States.\n [Amendments].........................\n But Congress may, by a vote of two- 14 3 ......\n thirds of each House, remove such\n disability. [Amendments].............\n No law, varying the compensation for 27 ....... ......\n the services of the Senators and\n Representatives, shall take effect,\n until an election of Representatives\n shall have intervened. [Amendments]..\nService or labor in one State, escaping 4 2 3\n into another State, shall be delivered up\n to the party to whom such service or\n labor may be due. Fugitives from.........\nServitude, except as a punishment for 13 1 ......\n crime, whereof the party shall have been\n duly convicted, shall exist in the United\n States or any place subject to their\n jurisdiction. Neither slavery nor\n involuntary. [Amendments]................\nServitude. The right of citizens of the 15 1 ......\n United States to vote shall not be denied\n or abridged by the United States or by\n any State, on account of race, color, or\n previous condition of. [Amendments]......\nSex. Right of citizens to vote shall not 19 ....... ......\n be denied or abridged by the United\n States or any State on account of.\n [Amendments].............................\nShips of war in time of peace, without the 1 10 3\n consent of Congress. No State shall keep\n troops or................................\nSilver coin a tender in payment of debts. 1 10 1\n No State shall make anything but gold and\nSlave. Neither the United States nor any 14 4 ......\n State shall assume or pay any debt or\n obligation incurred in aid of\n insurrection or rebellion, or any claim\n for the loss or emancipation of any.\n [Amendments].............................\nSlavery nor involuntary servitude, except 13 1 ......\n as a punishment for crime, whereof the\n party shall have been duly convicted,\n shall exist in the United States, or any\n places subject to their jurisdiction.\n Neither. [Amendments]....................\nSoldiers shall not be quartered, in time 3 ....... ......\n of peace, in any house without the\n consent of the owner. [Amendments].......\nSouth Carolina entitled to five 1 2 3\n Representatives in the first Congress....\nSpeaker and other officers. The House of 1 2 5\n Representatives shall choose their.......\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives. 25 3 ......\n President to transmit his declaration of\n inability to discharge the powers and\n duties of his office to. [Amendments]....\n Vice President and a majority of the 25 4 ......\n principal officers of the executive\n departments to transmit their\n declaration of the President's\n inability to discharge the powers and\n duties of his office to. [Amendments]\nSpeech or of the press. Congress shall 1 ....... ......\n make no law abridging the freedom of.\n [Amendments].............................\nSpeedy and public trial by a jury. In all 6 ....... ......\n criminal prosecutions the accused shall\n have a. [Amendments].....................\nStandard of weights and measures. Congress 1 8 5\n shall fix the............................\nState legislatures, and all executive and 6 ....... 3\n judicial officers of the United States,\n shall take an oath to support the\n Constitution. All members of the several.\nState of the Union. The President shall, 2 3 ......\n from time to time, give Congress\n information of the.......................\nStates. When vacancies happen in the 1 2 4\n representation from any State, the\n executive authority shall issue writs of\n election to fill such vacancies..........\n When vacancies happen in the 17 2 ......\n representation of any State in the\n Senate, the executive authority shall\n issue writs of election to fill such\n vacancies. [Amendments]..............\n Congress shall have power to regulate 1 8 3\n commerce among the several...........\n No State shall enter into any treaty, 1 10 1\n alliance, or confederation...........\n Shall not grant letters of marque and 1 10 1\n reprisal.............................\n Shall not coin money.................. 1 10 1\n Shall not emit bills of credit........ 1 10 1\n Shall not make anything but gold and 1 10 1\n silver coin a tender in payment of\n debts................................\n Shall not pass any bill of attainder, 1 10 1\n ex post facto law, or law impairing\n the obligation of contracts..........\n Shall not grant any title of nobility. 1 10 1\n Shall not, without the consent of 1 10 2\n Congress, lay any duties on imports\n or exports, except what may be\n absolutely necessary for executing\n its inspection laws..................\n Shall not, without the consent of 1 10 3\n Congress, lay any duty of tonnage,\n keep troops or ships of war in time\n of peace, enter into any agreement or\n compact with another State or with a\n foreign power, or engage in war\n unless actually invaded or in such\n imminent danger as will not admit of\n delay................................\n Full faith and credit in every other 4 1 ......\n State shall be given to the public\n acts, records, and judicial\n proceedings of each State............\n Congress shall prescribe the manner of 4 1 ......\n providing such acts, records, and\n proceedings..........................\n Citizens of each State shall be 4 2 1\n entitled to all privileges and\n immunities of citizens in the several\n States...............................\n New States may be admitted by Congress 4 3 1\n into this Union......................\n But no new State shall be formed or 4 3 1\n erected within the jurisdiction of\n another State........................\n Nor any State formed by the junction 4 3 1\n of two or more States or parts of\n States, without the consent of the\n legislatures as well as of Congress..\n No State shall be deprived, without 5 ....... ......\n its consent, of its equal suffrage in\n the Senate...........................\n Three-fourths of the legislatures of 5 ....... ......\n the States, or conventions of three-\n fourths of the States, as Congress\n shall prescribe, may ratify\n amendments to the Constitution.......\n The United States shall guarantee a 4 4 ......\n republican form of government to\n every State in the Union.............\n They shall protect each State against 4 4 ......\n invasion.............................\n And on application of the legislature, 4 4 ......\n or the executive (when the\n legislature cannot be convened),\n against domestic violence............\n The ratification by nine States shall 7 ....... ......\n be sufficient to establish the\n Constitution between the States so\n ratifying the same...................\n When the choice of President shall 12 ....... ......\n devolve on the House of\n Representatives, the vote shall be\n taken by States. [Amendments]........\n But in choosing the President the vote 12 ....... ......\n shall be taken by States, the\n representation from each State having\n one vote. [Amendments]...............\n A quorum for choice of President shall 12 ....... ......\n consist of a member or members from\n two-thirds of the States, and a\n majority of all the States shall be\n necessary to a choice. [Amendments]..\nStates or the people. Powers not delegated 10 ....... ......\n to the United States, nor prohibited to\n the States, are reserved to the.\n [Amendments].............................\nSuccession to the offices of the President 25 ....... ......\n and Vice President. [Amendments].........\nSuffrage in the Senate. No State shall be 5 ....... ......\n deprived without its consent of its equal\n No denial of right to vote on account 19 ....... ......\n of sex. [Amendments].................\nSuits at common law, where the value in 7 ....... ......\n controversy shall exceed $20, shall be\n tried by jury. [Amendments]..............\n In law or equity against one of the 11 ....... ......\n States, by citizens of another State,\n or by citizens of a foreign State.\n The judicial power of the United\n States shall not extend to.\n [Amendments].........................\nSuppress insurrections and repel 1 8 15\n invasions. Congress shall provide for\n calling forth the militia to execute the\n laws.....................................\nSuppression of insurrection or rebellion 14 4 ......\n shall not be questioned. The public debt,\n including the debt for pensions and\n bounties, incurred in the. [Amendments]..\nSupreme Court. Congress shall have power 1 8 9\n to constitute tribunals inferior to the..\n And such inferior courts as Congress 3 1 ......\n may establish. The judicial power of\n the United States shall be vested in\n one..................................\n The judges of the Supreme Court and 3 1 ......\n inferior courts shall hold their\n offices during good behavior.........\n The compensation of the judges shall 3 1 ......\n not be diminished during their\n continuance in office................\n Shall have original jurisdiction. In 3 2 2\n all cases affecting ambassadors,\n other public ministers and consuls,\n and in which a State may be a party,\n the..................................\n Shall have appellate jurisdiction, 3 2 2\n both as to law and the fact, with\n such exceptions and regulations as\n Congress may make. The...............\nSupreme law of the land. This 6 ....... 2\n Constitution, the laws made in pursuance\n thereof, and the treaties of the United\n States, shall be the.....................\n The judges in every State shall be 6 ....... 2\n bound thereby........................\n\n T\n\nTax shall be laid unless in proportion to 1 9 4\n the census or enumeration. No capitation\n or other direct..........................\nTax on incomes authorized without 16 ....... ......\n apportionment among the several States,\n and without regard to any census or\n enumeration. [Amendments]................\nTax or duty shall be laid on articles 1 9 5\n exported from any State. No..............\nTax. The right of citizens of the United 24 1 ......\n States to vote shall not be denied or\n abridged by the United States or any\n State by reason of failure to pay.\n [Amendments].............................\nTaxes (direct) and Representatives, how 1 2 3\n apportioned among the several States.....\nTaxes, duties, imposts, and excises. 1 8 1\n Congress shall have power to lay.........\n They shall be uniform throughout the 1 8 1\n United States........................\nTemporary appointments until the next 1 3 2\n meeting of the legislature. If vacancies\n happen in the Senate in the recess of the\n legislature of a State, the executive of\n the State shall make.....................\nTender in payment of debts. No State shall 1 10 1\n make anything but gold and silver coin a.\nTerm for which he is elected. No Senator 1 6 2\n or Representative shall be appointed to\n any office under the United States which\n shall have been created or its emoluments\n increased during the.....................\nTerm of office. President, not more than 22 ....... ......\n twice. [Amendments]......................\nTerms of four years. The President and 2 1 1\n Vice President shall hold their offices\n for the..................................\nTerritory or other property of the United 4 3 2\n States. Congress shall dispose of and\n make all needful rules and regulations\n respecting the...........................\nTest as a qualification for any office or 6 ....... 3\n public trust shall ever be required. No\n religious................................\nTestimony of two witnesses to the same 3 3 1\n overt act, or on confession in open\n court. No person shall be convicted of\n treason except on the....................\nThree-fourths of the legislatures of the 5 ....... ......\n States, or conventions in three-fourths\n of the States, as Congress shall\n prescribe, may ratify amendments to the\n Constitution.............................\nTie. The Vice President shall have no vote 1 3 4\n unless the Senate be equally divided.....\nTimes, places, and manner of holding 1 4 1\n elections for Senators and\n Representatives shall be prescribed in\n each State by the legislature thereof....\n But Congress may at any time by law 1 4 1\n make or alter such regulations,\n except as to the places of choosing\n Senators.............................\nTitle of any kind, from any king, prince, 1 9 8\n or foreign State, without the consent of\n Congress. No person holding any office\n under the United States shall accept of\n any......................................\nTitle of nobility. The United States shall 1 9 8\n not grant any............................\n No State shall grant any.............. 1 10 1\nTonnage without the consent of Congress. 1 10 3\n No State shall lay any duty of...........\nTranquility, provide for the common ........... ....... ......\n defense, &c. To insure domestic.\n [Preamble]...............................\nTreason shall consist only in levying war 3 3 1\n against the United States, or in adhering\n to their enemies, giving them aid and\n comfort..................................\n No person shall, unless on the 3 3 1\n testimony of two witnesses to the\n same overt act, or on confession in\n open court, be convicted of..........\n Congress shall have power to declare 3 3 2\n the punishment of....................\n Shall not work corruption of blood. 3 3 2\n Attainder of.........................\n Shall not work forfeiture, except 3 3 2\n during the life of the person\n attainted. Attainder of..............\nTreason, bribery, or other high crimes and 2 4 1\n misdemeanors. The President, Vice\n President, and all civil officers shall\n be removed from office on impeachment for\n and conviction of........................\nTreason, felony, and breach of the peace. 1 6 1\n Senators and Representatives shall be\n privileged from arrest while attending or\n while going to or returning from the\n sessions of Congress, except in cases of.\nTreasury, but in consequence of 1 9 7\n appropriations made by law. No money\n shall be drawn from the..................\nTreaties. The President shall have power, 2 2 2\n with the advice and consent of the\n Senate, provided two-thirds of the\n Senators present concur, to make.........\n The judicial power shall extend to all 3 2 1\n cases arising under the Constitution,\n laws, and............................\n They shall be the supreme law of the 6 ....... 2\n land, and the judges in every State\n shall be bound thereby...............\nTreaty, alliance, or confederation. No 1 10 1\n State shall enter into any...............\nTrial, judgment, and punishment according 1 3 7\n to law. Judgment in cases of impeachment\n shall not extend further than to removal\n from, and disqualification for, office;\n but the party convicted shall\n nevertheless be liable and subject to\n indictment...............................\nTrial by jury. All crimes, except in cases 3 2 3\n of impeachment, shall be tried by jury...\n Such trial shall be held in the State 3 2 3\n within which the crime shall have\n been committed.......................\n But when not committed within a State, 3 2 3\n the trial shall be at such a place as\n Congress may by law have directed....\n In all criminal prosecutions the 6 ....... ......\n accused shall have a speedy and\n public. [Amendments].................\n Suits at common law, when the amount 7 ....... ......\n exceeds $20, shall be by.\n [Amendments].........................\nTribunals, inferior to the Supreme Court. 1 8 9\n Congress shall have power to constitute..\nTroops or ships of war in time of peace 1 10 3\n without the consent of Congress. No State\n shall keep...............................\nTrust or profit under the United States, 2 1 2\n shall be an elector for President and\n Vice President. No Senator,\n Representative, or person holding any\n office of................................\nTwo-thirds of the members present. No 1 3 6\n person shall be convicted on an\n impeachment without the concurrence of...\nTwo-thirds, may expel a member. Each 1 5 2\n House, with the concurrence of...........\nTwo-thirds. A bill returned by the 1 7 2\n President with his objections, may be\n repassed by each House by a vote of......\nTwo-thirds of the Senators present concur. 2 2 2\n The President shall have power, by and\n with the advice and consent of the\n Senate, to make treaties, provided.......\nTwo-thirds of the legislatures of the 5 ....... ......\n several States. Congress shall call a\n convention for proposing amendments to\n the Constitution on the application of...\nTwo-thirds of both Houses shall deem it 5 ....... ......\n necessary. Congress shall propose\n amendments to the Constitution whenever..\nTwo-thirds of the States. When the choice 12 ....... ......\n of a President shall devolve on the House\n of Representatives, a quorum shall\n consist of a member or members from.\n [Amendments].............................\nTwo-thirds of the whole number of 12 ....... ......\n Senators. A quorum of the Senate, when\n choosing a Vice President, shall consist\n of. [Amendments].........................\nTwo-thirds may remove the disabilities 14 3 ......\n imposed by the third section of the\n fourteenth amendment. Congress, by a vote\n of. [Amendments].........................\nTwo years. Appropriations for raising and 1 8 12\n supporting armies shall not be for a\n longer term than.........................\n\n U\n\nUnion. To establish a more perfect. ........... ....... ......\n [Preamble]...............................\n The President shall, from time to 2 3 1\n time, give to Congress information of\n the state of the.....................\n New States may be admitted by Congress 4 3 1\n into this............................\n But no new States shall be formed or 4 3 1\n erected within the jurisdiction of\n another..............................\nUnreasonable searches and seizures. The 4 ....... ......\n people shall be secured in their persons,\n houses, papers, and effects against.\n [Amendments].............................\n And no warrants shall be issued but 4 ....... ......\n upon probable cause, supported by\n oath or affirmation, and particularly\n describing the place to be searched,\n and the persons or things to be\n seized. [Amendments].................\nUnusual punishments inflicted. Excessive 8 ....... ......\n bail shall not be required, nor excessive\n fines imposed, nor cruel and.\n [Amendments].............................\nUse without just compensation. Private 5 ....... ......\n property shall not be taken for public.\n [Amendments].............................\nUseful arts, by securing for limited times 1 8 8\n to authors and inventors the exclusive\n right to their writings and inventions.\n Congress shall have power to promote the\n progress of science and the..............\n\n V\n\nVacancies happening in the representation 1 2 4\n of a State. The executive thereof shall\n issue writs of election to fill..........\nVacancies happening in the representation 17 2 ......\n of a State in the Senate. The executive\n thereof shall issue writs of election to\n fill. [Amendments].......................\nVacancies happening in the Senate in the 1 3 2\n recess of the legislature of a State. How\n filled...................................\nVacancies that happen during the recess of 2 2 3\n the Senate, by granting commissions which\n shall expire at the end of the next\n session. The President shall have power\n to fill..................................\nValidity of the public debt incurred in 14 4 ......\n suppressing insurrection against the\n United States, including debt for\n pensions and bounties, shall not be\n questioned. [Amendments].................\nVessels bound to or from the ports of one 1 9 6\n State, shall not be obliged to enter,\n clear, or pay duties in another State....\nVeto of a bill by the President. 1 7 2\n Proceedings of the two Houses upon the...\nVice President of the United States shall 1 3 4\n be President of the Senate...............\n He shall have no vote unless the 1 3 4\n Senate be equally divided............\n The Senate shall choose a President 1 3 5\n pro tempore in the absence of the....\n He shall be chosen for the term of 2 1 1\n four years...........................\n The number and the manner of 2 1 2\n appointing electors for President and\n In case of the removal, death, 2 1 6\n resignation, or inability of the\n President, the powers and duties of\n his office shall devolve on the......\n [Amendments]........................ 25 ....... ......\n Congress may provide by law for the 2 1 6\n case of the removal, death,\n resignation, or inability both of the\n President and........................\n [Amendments]........................ 25 ....... ......\n On impeachment for and conviction of 2 4 ......\n treason, bribery, and other high\n crimes and misdemeanors, shall be\n removed from office. The.............\nVice President. The manner of choosing 12 ....... ......\n the. The electors shall meet in their\n respective States and vote by ballot for\n President and Vice President, one of\n whom, at least, shall not be an\n inhabitant of the same State with\n themselves. [Amendments].................\n Additionial provision for succession 20 4 ......\n through act of Congress. [Amendments]\n Nomination by President in case of 25 2 ......\n vacancy in office. [Amendments]......\n Term of office, beginning and ending. 20 1 ......\n [Amendments].........................\n The electors shall name, in distinct 12 ....... ......\n ballots, the person voted for as Vice\n President. [Amendments]..............\n They shall make distinct lists of the 12 ....... ......\n persons voted for as Vice President,\n which lists they shall sign and\n certify, and send sealed to the seat\n of Government, directed to the\n President of the Senate. [Amendments]\n The President of the Senate shall, in 12 ....... ......\n the presence of the Senate and House\n of Representatives, open all the\n certificates, and the votes shall be\n then counted. [Amendments]...........\n The person having the greatest number 12 ....... ......\n of votes shall be Vice President, if\n such number be a majority of the\n whole number of electors.\n [Amendments].........................\n If no person have a majority, then 12 ....... ......\n from the two highest numbers on the\n list the Senate shall choose the Vice\n President. [Amendments]..............\n A quorum for this purpose shall 12 ....... ......\n consist of two-thirds of the whole\n number of Senators; and a majority of\n the whole number shall be necessary\n to a choice. [Amendments]............\n But if the House shall make no choice 12 ....... ......\n of a President before the 4th of\n March next following, then the Vice\n President shall act as President, as\n in the case of the death or other\n constitutional disability of the\n President. [Amendments]..............\n No person constitutionally ineligible 12 ....... ......\n as President shall be eligible as.\n [Amendments].........................\n In case of the removal, death, 25 ....... ......\n resignation, or inability of the\n President, the powers and duties of\n his office shall succeed to.\n [Amendments].........................\n Nomination by President of successor 25 2 ......\n in event of vacancy in office of.\n [Amendments].........................\nViolence. The United States shall 4 4 ......\n guarantee to every State a republican\n form of government, and shall protect\n each State against invasion and domestic.\nVirginia entitled to ten Representatives 1 2 3\n in the first Congress....................\nVote. Each Senator shall have one......... 1 3 1\n The Vice President, unless the Senate 1 3 4\n be equally divided, shall have no....\n Requiring the concurrence of the two 1 7 3\n Houses (except upon a question of\n adjournment) shall be presented to\n the President. Every order,\n resolution, or.......................\n Shall not be denied or abridged by the 15 1 ......\n United States or by any State on\n account of race, color, or previous\n condition of servitude. The right of\n citizens of the United States to.\n [Amendments].........................\n Right of citizens to vote shall not be 19 ....... ......\n denied or abridged by the United\n States or any State on account of\n sex. [Amendments]....................\n Shall not be denied or abridged by the 24 1 ......\n United States or any State by reason\n of failure to pay any poll tax or\n other tax. The right of citizens of\n the United States to. [Amendments]...\n Right of citizens who are eighteen 26 1 ......\n years of age or older to vote shall\n not be denied or abridged by the\n United States or any State, on\n account of age. [Amendments].........\nVote of two-thirds. Each House may expel a 1 5 2\n member by a..............................\n A bill vetoed by the President may be 1 7 2\n repassed in each House by a..........\n No person shall be convicted on an 1 3 6\n impeachment except by a..............\n Whenever both Houses shall deem it 5 ....... ......\n necessary, Congress may propose\n amendments to the Constitution by a..\n\n The President may make treaties with 2 2 2\n the advice and consent of the Senate,\n by a.................................\n Disabilities incurred by participation 14 3 ......\n in insurrection or rebellion, may be\n relieved by Congress by a.\n [Amendments].........................\n\n W\n\nWar, grant letters of marque and reprisal, 1 8 11\n and make rules concerning captures on\n land and water. Congress shall have power\n to declare...............................\n For governing the land and naval 1 8 14\n forces. Congress shall have power to\n make rules and articles of...........\n No State shall, without the consent of 1 10 3\n Congress, unless actually invaded, or\n in such imminent danger as will not\n admit of delay, engage in............\nWar against the United States, adhering to 3 3 1\n their enemies, and giving them aid and\n comfort. Treason shall consist only in\n levying..................................\nWarrants shall issue but upon probable 4 ....... ......\n cause, on oath or affirmation, describing\n the place to be searched, and the person\n or things to be seized. No. [Amendments].\nWeights and measures. Congress shall fix 1 8 5\n the standard of..........................\nWelfare and to secure the blessings of ........... ....... ......\n liberty, &c. To promote the general.\n [Preamble]...............................\nWelfare. Congress shall have power to 1 8 1\n provide for the common defense and\n general..................................\nWitness against himself. No person shall, 5 ....... ......\n in a criminal case, be compelled to be a.\n [Amendments].............................\nWitnesses against him. In all criminal 6 ....... ......\n prosecutions the accused shall be\n confronted with the. [Amendments]........\nWitnesses in his favor. In all criminal 6 ....... ......\n prosecutions the accused shall have\n compulsory process for obtaining.\n [Amendments].............................\nWitnesses to the same overt act, or on 3 3 1\n confession in open court. No person shall\n be convicted of treason unless on the\n testimony of two.........................\nWrit of habeas corpus shall not be 1 9 2\n suspended unless in case of rebellion or\n invasion the public safety may require it\nWrits of election to fill vacancies in the 1 2 4\n representation of any State. The\n executives of the State shall issue......\nWritten opinion of the principal officer 2 2 1\n in each of the Executive Departments on\n any subject relating to the duties of his\n office. The President may require the....\n\n Y\n\nYeas and nays of the members of either 1 5 3\n House shall, at the desire of one-fifth\n of those present, be entered on the\n journals.................................\n The votes of both Houses upon the 1 7 2\n reconsideration of a bill returned by\n the President with his objections\n shall be determined by...............\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\u001a", "start_char_idx": null, "end_char_idx": null, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "Document"}, "__type__": "4"}}, "docstore/metadata": {"3de4d799-eb52-43b7-a79a-7a0cd24b4327": {"doc_hash": "7fd18c113e4438c29f990c42470f2ddb67225dd3b47d1204a51723d5d2e5a05a"}}}