theorem extracted_formal_statement_0.{u_1} {E : Type u_1} [inst : NormedAddCommGroup E] [inst_1 : InnerProductSpace ℝ E]
  [inst_2 : CompleteSpace E] {f : E → ℝ} {f' : E → E} {xm x₀ : E} {γ : ℕ+ → ℝ} {alg : Nesterov f f' γ x₀}
  (hfun : ConvexOn ℝ univ f) (hg : ∀ (k : ℕ+), γ k = 2 / (↑↑k + 1)) (k : ℕ+) (x' : E)
  (h_original_goal :
    f (Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k) - f x' ≤
      ↑(Nesterov.l f f' γ x₀) *
          inner (Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k - Nesterov.y f f' γ x₀ k) (x' - Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k) +
        ↑(Nesterov.l f f' γ x₀) / 2 * ‖Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k - Nesterov.y f f' γ x₀ k‖ ^ 2) :
  f (Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k) ≤
    f x' +
        ↑(Nesterov.l f f' γ x₀) *
          inner (Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k - Nesterov.y f f' γ x₀ k) (x' - Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k) +
      ↑(Nesterov.l f f' γ x₀) / 2 * ‖Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k - Nesterov.y f f' γ x₀ k‖ ^ 2 := sorry

State before:
E : Type u_1
inst✝² : NormedAddCommGroup E
inst✝¹ : InnerProductSpace ℝ E
inst✝ : CompleteSpace E
f : E → ℝ
f' : E → E
xm x₀ : E
γ : ℕ+ → ℝ
alg : Nesterov f f' γ x₀
hfun : ConvexOn ℝ univ f
hg : ∀ (k : ℕ+), γ k = 2 / (↑↑k + 1)
k : ℕ+
x' : E
⊢ f (Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k) - f x' ≤
    ↑(Nesterov.l f f' γ x₀) * inner (Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k - Nesterov.y f f' γ x₀ k) (x' - Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k) +
      ↑(Nesterov.l f f' γ x₀) / 2 * ‖Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k - Nesterov.y f f' γ x₀ k‖ ^ 2

Tactic: rw [sub_le_iff_le_add', ← add_assoc]

State after:
[E : Type u_1
 inst✝² : NormedAddCommGroup E
 inst✝¹ : InnerProductSpace ℝ E
 inst✝ : CompleteSpace E
 f : E → ℝ
 f' : E → E
 xm x₀ : E
 γ : ℕ+ → ℝ
 alg : Nesterov f f' γ x₀
 hfun : ConvexOn ℝ univ f
 hg : ∀ (k : ℕ+), γ k = 2 / (↑↑k + 1)
 k : ℕ+
 x' : E
 ⊢ f (Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k) ≤
     f x' +
         ↑(Nesterov.l f f' γ x₀) *
           inner (Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k - Nesterov.y f f' γ x₀ k) (x' - Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k) +
       ↑(Nesterov.l f f' γ x₀) / 2 * ‖Nesterov.x f f' γ x₀ ↑k - Nesterov.y f f' γ x₀ k‖ ^ 2]

Relevant lemmas:
sub_le_iff_le_add' : ∀ {α : Type u} [inst : AddCommGroup α] [inst_3 : LE α] [inst_4 : AddLeftMono α] {a b c : α},
  a - b ≤ c ↔ a ≤ b + c
add_assoc : ∀ {G : Type u_1} [inst : AddSemigroup G] (a b c : G), a + b + c = a + (b + c)