问题：﻿如何高效地学习英语语法？ 如题
话题：﻿生活、教育、英语、留学、英语语法
回答：﻿作为经历过江苏英语高考的学姐有资格来分享一下英语语法干货得到每天都漂漂亮亮的英语老师真传（已征得英语老师版权同意）直接上最基础的语法英语语法不同于单词之类的记忆，语法更重要的是掌握结构与熟练的运用本次语法分享主要如下冠词及代词特殊句式与主谓一致从句时态语态情态动词非谓语掌握扎实的基础语法结构是成功的开端01.冠词及代词一、冠词易混点点拨1.a,an的一些重点用法：(1)用于指某一类人或物，表类别(Abirdhaswings.鸟有翅膀);(2)a/an+second/third等表示“又一”、“再一”，相当于another（Shedidn’tlikethecolorofthetwobagsandaskedforathirdone）；(3)ofa/an+n.相当于thesame，表主语的特点、性质等(Thetwoshirtsaremuchofasize);(4)用在某些专有名词前表示“某一个，有一个”，也可指与某人有类似性质的人。AMr.Smithwantstoseeyou.ShediedonaTuesday.HethoughthewasaZhuGeliang.(5)用于时间、速度等前表示“每一”，相当于per,every,each(Theyaresoldattwodollarsadozen);(6)用在具体化了的抽象名词和物质名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一场，一种，一件，一次……”。Whatalovelysurprisetoseeyouagain!Pleasegivemeacoffee.Theconcertwasagreatsuccess.Therewasaheavysnowyesterday.(7)用在前面有形容词修饰的季节、月份、日期、三餐和世界上独一无二的事物及专有名词前Wehopewecanseeafullmoontonight。Wehadaverycoldwinterlastyear.Heisveryfatandoftenhasabigsupper.You’llseeanewQidongnexttimeyoucomeback.(8)a/an+most…意为“非常，十分”(It’samostboringbook)2.the重点用法点拨(1)the+单数名表示类别（Ihatethetelephone）(2)the+adj./pp.表示某类人或物(therich/poor/young/true/beautiful/wounded)(3)the+姓氏复数表示全家人，还可用于年代、朝代、世纪的名词前或逢整十数词的复数前（inthe19thcentury；inthe1980s；theTangDynasty）(4)名词+短语或定语从句修饰而成为特指时加the，仍然表泛指时a+n.;Heistheteacherwhowonthefirstplaceintheteachingcompetition.Heisateacherwhoispatientwithstudents.(5)headforthesouth同headsouthThereliesasteelplantsouthofthecity.(6)bytheyard/themeter/thedozen/themonth/theyear/thehour区分：byweight/volume/areabyday与bytheday(7)playthepiano/violin/banjo/guitarplayerhu(二胡)(8)the+独一无二的事物、自然现象、发明物等的名词前。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.inventthetelephone(9)the+序数词或最高级Youwillbethefirsttospeak.注：表示名次的序数词前的定冠词以及副词最高级前的定冠词通常可以省略。如：takefirstplace;comesecond;works(the)hardest.(9)the比较级Heistheolderofthetwoboys.（10）hit/take/catch/pat等+sb.on/in/bythen.(back/head/shoulder/face/nose//arm/hand等),bewoundedinthe…(11)the+普通名词构成的专有名词前及江、河、海、洋、海峡、山脉、群岛等前。但孤岛、独山前不加the.theGreatWall,theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations,theWestLake,theYellowRiver,theEnglishChannel,theAlps阿尔卑斯山脉theHawaiianIslands夏威夷群岛(12)用在某些国家和民族的形容词前，指全体;theFrench,theEnglish,theChinese很多的固定短语，如：makethemostof,intheday(time),bytheday,notintheleast,onthewhole,onthephone/radio,gotothezoo/cinema/museum/theatre,onthespot/scene,forthetimebeing,tellthetruth,openthefloor,theotherday等等3.不用冠词用法点拨：(1)抽象和物质名词前(除非表示特定时);(2)专有名词前；表示泛指的复数名词前；knowledgebeginswithpractice.但agoodknowledgeofhistoryMr.SmithlivesinLondon.但AMr.Smithaskedforyoujustnow.Wealthdoesn’talwaysbringshappiness.Teachersshouldberespected.(3)星期,季节,月份的名词前(比较:inwinter/inthewinterof2000;onSunday/onaSundayinMay);三餐饭前(比较:havelunch/haveabiglunch);球类或棋类名词前(playcards/chess);表示学科的名词前;by+交通工具的名词前(bycar=inacar)或by+n.表示方式手段（bypost/telephone/hand/letter）;表示节假日（Day）的名词前;在称呼语前及表示人的职位,头衔,身份的名词在句中作表语,补足语及同位语时(在as后也常省略);Hewasmademonitorofourclass;(4)病名前（除了haveacold/fever/cough/headache等外）不用冠词；（5）关注一些词的用法：turndoctor=becomeadoctor;word表示“消息”“诺言”时不用冠词:leaveword/keepone’sword/amanofhisword;man表示“人类”时不用冠词;一些不可数名词如：fun,progress,weather,news等；akind/sort/typeof后面；连词as(虽然)引导倒装句中的名词前不用冠词;（6）在一些表示街名,广场名,公园名,大学名,国名,人名等专有名词前:NanjingRoad;TianAnMenSquare;HydePark(但:thePeople’sPark);YaleUniversity(theUniversityofYale)下列短语中有无冠词意义不一样:at(the)table;in(the)prison/school/class/church/hospital;at(the)sea;by(the)sea;by(the)hand;goto(the)hospital/school/college/prison/bed/church;on(the)earth;outof(the)question;by(the)day;in(the)frontof;(the)threeofus;the/anumberof;haveaword/wordswithsb.;asingerand(a)dancer;aknifeand(a)fork;a/thesecondtime;a/themostbeautifulcity;固定习语中：insociety;inhistory但inthehistoryoftheTangDynasty;inspace,takeuptoomuchspace,但aspaceof…;innature,bynature,但haveakindnature;speakEnglish=speaktheEnglishlanguage;loseface/heart;onpurpose;bydesign/accident/chance;Hecamein,bookinhand;take…forexample/asanexample;onbusiness/fire/leave;onsecondthoughts;takeoffice/inoffice;cometo/intopower;indanger/use/effect/power/debt/order/goodcondition;underrepair/construction/discussion；bymistake;inplace,outofplace,inplaceof,onboard,inviewof,bylaw,everyfewdays,everyotherday,outofwork/order/control/date/patience/mind/reach/breath/danger,atrisk等4.冠词的位置(1)all/both/half/many/double/twice/such/what/quite+冠词+(形容词)+名词:allthechildren/halfthebooks;manyastudent;suchafineday;Whatalovelypresent!quiteabigmeal;Heeatstwicetheamountthatyoueat.(2)as/so/how/however/too+形容词+冠词+名词:sofineaday;toodifficultaproblem;ascleveraboyasyou;arathercoldwelcome=ratheracoldwelcome.02.特殊句式及主谓一致一、特殊句式（倒装强调省略）1.部分倒装：(1)not,never,seldom,little,hardly,scarcely,rarely,nowhere,neither,nor,notuntil,notonly,notonly,bynomeans,atnotime,onnocondition,undernocircumstances,innoway,innocase等；(关注innotime,nowonder,nodoubt)(2)only+状语（3）so/such…..that….中（4）as“就像”，平衡句子结构Helikesgoingclimbingatweekends,asdomanyofhisfriends.；（5）so,neither,nor置句首时；（sohedoes,sodoeshe,hedoesso区别；何时用soitiswithsb./it’sthesamewithsb.?）(6)if省略时的倒装;(7)as（though）表示“虽然”时；2.全倒：(不用进行时)(1)表语倒装：Joiningmetodayis…../AddingtothebeautyofthecityistheWestLake./Locatedatthefootofthemountainisaprimaryschool./Includedamongthepresentsisacellphonegivenbyhisuncle./Southofthecityisasteelplant./Lyingonthegroundwasaboyofseven./Presentatthemeetingweresomedirectorsofvariousdepartments.(2)十个副词置句首，主语是名词时：（then,now,in,out,away,off,up,down,here,there）Theregoesthebell.(3)表地点的状语置句首：Atthefootofthemountainliesaprimaryschool.Fromthevalleycamethefrighteningsoundofexplosion.3.强调：(1)一般现在时、过去时、祈使句中强调谓语(do/does/did+原形)；(2)notuntil….在强调句及倒装句中结构：(3)强调句谓语部分be的变形：Itmustbe/can’tbe/mighthavebeen等…..that…….(4)强调句的疑问句语序：Wasitintheplaygroundthatyoulostyourwallet?Wherewasitthatyoulostyourwallet?Iwonderwhereitwasthatyoulostyourwallet.Wheredoyouthinkitwasthatyoulostyourwallet?(5)强调主语部分时主谓一致：Aratherthan/togetherwith/including/aswellas/besides/except等；notonlyAbutalsoB,neitherAnorB,eitherAorB,notAbutB(6)强调句在对话中的省略(7)与名词性从句、地状、定语从句、固定句型等区别；4.省略：（1）if省略（2）状语从句中连词+分词（形容词等）（3）口语中：Whobrokethewindow?Notme.Bettergothereandhavealookatonce.Whynotdo….(4)并列句中：AfewmoreminutesandI’llbeready.Afewminutesearlierandwecouldhavecaughtthebus.(5)不定式to后动词省略（be,have,havebeen不省）：Heisn’tadoctor,butheusedtobe.(6)but后to的省略；todo作表语时to的省略:havenochoice/alternative/optionbuttodo…candonothingbutdo….;can’t(help/choose)butdo(7)ifso/not/any/anything/ever/necessary(convenient,possible等)think/believe/suppose/expect/hope/guess/I’mafraidso(not)03.从句一、定语从句：（1）先行词为物时，一般只用that引导从句的情况:6种；（限制性定语从句中，当先行词被any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly,thevery,justthe等修饰时；先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等时；先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时；先行词既有人又有物时；主句中有疑问词which时，为避免重复；在限制性定语从句中，当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只用that;Whichofthepicturesthatarehangingonthewallisdrawnbyyourbrother?Myhometownisnottheonethatsheusedtobe.）先行词为物时，一般只用which引导从句的情况：4种(引导非限制性定语从句,which指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句；介词后接which(注：先行词为人的话用whom)；当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which（如着眼于各个成员，用who:Behindthecoachwalkthefootballteam,whowereallwearinguniforms）；先行词后有插入语时，用which而不用that;在分隔式定语从句中也用which;ThisisthediscoverywhichIthinkisofgreatimportanceinhistory.ThedaysaregonewhichIspenttogetherwithmycousins.)注：（非限制性定语从句里）先行词为表示职业的名词时用which而不是who;Jack’sfatherwasapilotbeforehewasretired,whichJackalwayswantstobe.先行词为人时，只用who/whom的情况：2种(当先行词为one,he,those,anyone及people并且前面那些代词指人时;Thosewhobreakthelawwillbepunished.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.=Whoeverwantstogoforapicnicmustgettothegateby6:10.表示人的先行词后有插入语时及在分隔式定语从句中先行词为人的话用who/whom而不用that;Thisistheboywhoeverybodyknowshaswonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.Anewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyoumaths.)先行词为人时，只用that的情况：2种(主句中有疑问词who时，为避免重复;WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoMr.Smithatthegate?在限制性定语从句中，当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只用that;Sheisn’tthelittlegirlthatshewas20yearsago.)(2)as与which引导非限制性定语从句区别：A.说明整个主句的内容，可置于句首或句中。有“正如”之意（asismentioned/shown/known,asisthecase,asfollows等），而which则没有此意,并且which只能用于逗号后面；B.as表示“正如”，所以当从句中表示否定时或有否定前缀时，用which而不用as:Heislateagain,whichwasnotexpected.as在限制性定语从句中：thesame…..that…（同一物）与thesame…..as…（相似物）区别(但注意分析成分)so/such….as…与so/such….that区别：(3)当先行词situation,case,point(地步),job,condition，scene,activity,system,address,strategy(策略),stage(舞台)等在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定从。occasion,stage(阶段，时期),interval,break(短暂休息)在从句中作状语时用when;(4)介词from后可接when或where表示”从…时候起的…”“从某个地方”(5)注意定语从句中全倒装结构：(6)定语从句中一致性原则：Heisoneofthestudentswhowanttoapplyfortheposition.Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswhowantstoapplyfortheposition.Thosewhowanttogoforapicnicmustgettothegateby6:10.Anyonewhowantstogoforapicnicmustgettothegateby6:10.=Whoeverwantstogoforapicnicmustgettothegateby6:10.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(7)三个句型区别：Asisknowntoall,……………………..It’sknowntoallthat…………………..What’sknowntoallisthat………………….04.时态语态与情态动词一、时态语态1.将来时begoingto（打算；迹象）;beto（打算、计划；与二三人称表示must,should;if从句中表示wanttodo）;will/would（说话时临时决定；会、意愿；现在、过去习惯；现在、过去倾向性）；beaboutto;(不与将来时间状语连用，可与when从句“就在那时”;bedoing；一般现在时表示将来时（表示火车、飞机等时刻表上规定的）--Look,thelightistillon.--Oh.Iwillgoandturnitoff.Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Ifyouwillwaitforawhile,I’llcallmymanager.Hewouldsitsilentforhours.EverybodyistowearschooluniformsonMonday.Iftheplantistosurvive,you’llhavetowateriteveryday.Thetrainleavesat7:25thisevening.（按时刻表）ThestudentsareleavingonSunday.（按计划）2.by+将来时间；by+过去时间Bytheendofthismonth,we’llhavebeenliving/havelivedinthistownfortwoyears.Bythetimeyougetofftheairplane,we’llbewaitingforyouattheairport.Bythetimehecomesbacknextweek,we’llhavemovedintothenewhouse.Bythetimehecomesback,themealwillbecold.Bythetimehegotback,wehadcompletedallthecleaning.Bythetimehegotback,themeetingwasover.3.进行时中注意点(1)现在/过去进行时与always、often、constantly,continually等副词连用表示经常反复的行为某种感情色彩;(2)进行时除了表现在/过去某时刻正在进行的动作，也表现阶段/过去某阶段在进行的动作;(3)将来进行时(will/shallbedoing)表将来某时刻/阶段在进行或将来一定会发生的动作。(4)有些动词不用进行时;①表示心理状态、情感的动词(like,love,hate,adore,know,understand,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等)②表示存在状态或拥有的动词(appear,exist,lie,possess,own,belongto等)③连系动词(sound,smell,taste,look,remain,seem,prove,turnout等)④表结果的词(see,hear,find等)4.一般过去式与现在完成时；一般过去式与过去进行时5.动词时态中涉及到的固定句型(1).This/That/Itisthefirsttime+that…have/hasdone(2).Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since..did..(3).Itwas+一段时间+before…did…Itwillbe+一段时间+before…do/does…..(4).主句一般将来时，时间、条件状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。(注意：Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.)(5).Scarcely/Hardly/Barely…hadsb.done..when..did…Nosoonerhadsb.done..than..did….(6).Sb.wasabouttodo/onthepointofdoing/wasdoing/had(not)done…when…(7).全倒装句型（把here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,away,off或地点状语或表语放在句首），用一般现在时或一般过去时，不用进行时。Herecomesthebus!=Thebusiscoming!(8).wouldrather+从句(did/haddone)(9).It’stime+sb…..did/shoulddo(10).虚拟语气中时态语态6.不用被动语态的情况(1)表示主语的特点、性能；(2)在need,require,want;deserve;worth后的动名词必须用主动形式；(3)表倾向性，常用won’t/wouldn’tdo,不用被动；(4)连系动词（smell,taste,sound,feel,remain,look,prove等）;(5)不及物动词（happen,occur等）不用被动;(6)有些动词短语（breakout,loseheart/hope,runout,comeout,cometolight,giveout耗尽,goout,dieout,takeplace,comeup等），不用被动;有些表“拥有”“属于”的动词（own,possess,belongto等），不用被动。二、情态动词虚拟语气1.can在肯定句中表示推测“有时”；could与was/wereabletodo..区别;could可取代may/might;can/couldnot(never)…tooadj./adv./adj./adv.enough；2.MayI….?回答;MayI….?与ShallI…..区别;may与maynot“也许”“也许不”;Maysb.do….祝愿；maywelldo….;may/mightaswell(not)do(nothavedone);3.must必须；一定（肯定推测）;must偏要；must必然；mustn’t禁止;MustI….?回答4.shall(1)用于主语为第一、三人称的疑问句中，表征求意见，请求指示。(2)用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等；多于第三人称，指条文/约、合同、遗嘱等中的义务和规定。should/oughtto(1)应当，应该(should/oughtto)(2)(表惊讶、遗憾、出乎意料)竟然,居然;万一(只能用should)(3）表按常规有一定依据的推测，解释为“按理来说”(should/oughtto)Ishouldsay.要我说，你搞错了。will/would略need与dare作情态动词：通常用在疑问句、否定句、条件句中。注意：(1)needdoing/tobedoneThefloorneeds________(clean).(2)---Needwedoitagain?---Yes,you_______./No,you________.或行为动词：后接todo。用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句中，疑问、否定后的to可省略；Hedarednotgooutaloneatnight.Hedidn’tdare(to)gooutaloneatnight.情态动词+havedone:表示推测：can/could….havedone?;can’t/couldn’thavedone;may/mighthavedone;musthavedone;表示虚拟：could/might/wouldhavedone;needn’thavedone;should(not)/ought(not)tohavedone;wouldrather(not)havedone宁愿（没有）做过某事;may/mightaswell(not)havedone;wouldlike(not)tohavedone;hadbetter(not)havedone难点：比较didn’tneedtodo与needn’thavedone情态动词表推测反义问句:虚拟语气：(1)if虚拟条件句对过去现在将来虚拟假设的主从句中动词形式；错综时间条件句的主从句动词形式；if省略把were、had、should移至句首；含蓄虚拟条件句（省略if通过but,or,otherwise,butfor,without来表示的虚拟语气）；条件状语从句与现在事实相反的假设	did/were	would/could/might/should+do	IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Ifshehadtime,shewouldgowithyou.与过去事实相反的假设	haddone	would/could/might/should+have+过去分词	Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.与将来事实相反的假设	did/wereweretodoshoulddo	would/could/might/should+动词原形	Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.evenif/though也适合上述用法:EvenifIhadbeenwithyouthen,Icouldn’thavedonemuchforyou.(2)名词性从句中虚拟语气：①wish,asif/though,ifonly加从句（were,did,haddone,would/could…）；②wouldrather+从句（did/haddone）;It’stime+从句（did/shoulddo）；③suggest,recommend,propose,advise;command,order;demand,require,request;urge,prefer+宾语从句（should）do及其名词引导的表语从句及同位语从句中；④Itis+adj.(necessary,important,essential,vital,fundamental,desirable,advisable;surprising,unbelievable(=beyondbelief),unimaginable(=beyondimagination),incredible,apity,nowonder)+从句(should)do…;ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshewereanAmerican..⑤在动词expect,believe,think等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，shoulddo/havedone表惊奇、怀疑、不满等。Theyjustcouldn’tbelievethatthestadiumshouldbesobig.注意：虚拟语气在交际中的回答---Didyougotothemuseum?---No.I________(本来会去的),butIwastoobusy.6种回答：wouldhave,wastohave,wasgoingto,hadmeantto,meanttohave,wouldliketohave05.非谓语动词（一）不定式todo1.todo作表语时to的省略问题（同but后）Whathewantedtodofirstafterwinningtheprizewas_____(go)andthankhisteacher.havenochoice/alternative/optionbuttodo….….candonothingbutdo….但：cannot(help/choose)butdo…..2.作定语时：have….todo/tobedoneSir,doyouhaveanything________(type)beforeIgobackfromwork?3.adj.+todo;when/what等+todo…（todo主动）Hespokeloudandcleartomakehisspeecheasy______(understand).Hespokeloudandcleartomakehisspeecheasily_______(understand)4.作状语:soastodo/inordertodo…;so…astodo…;Willyoubekindenoughtodo….=Willyoubesokindastodo….5.时态：It’ssaid/reported/considered/believed…thatsb.….=Sb.is/aresaidtodo(bedoing/havedone)Ithappenedthatsb…=sb.happenedtodo/bedoing/havedone…Itseemed/appearedthatsb…=sb.appeared/seemedtodo/bedoing/havedone..pretendtodo/tobedoing/tohavedone……（二）动名词1.常见后接doing的一些动词、短语及一些句型avoid,miss,postpone,suggest,finish,practice,enjoy,imagine,can’thelp,admit,acknowledge,deny,envy,escape,risk,forgive,stand,keep,mind,appreciate,consider,delay,miss,resist,understand,feellike,mention,tolerate,advocate,complete,adore,quit,abandon,oppose等；beusedtodoing,beaccustomedtodoing,becaughtdoing,beopposedtodoing,bereducedto,havetrouble/difficulty/problems(in)doing,haveawonderful/great/tough/roughtime(in)doing,havefundoing,beworthdoing,can’thelpdoing,objectto等；There’s/It’snouse(good)doing….;Iconsideritnousedoing….Thereisnoknowing/telling/judging……；Thereisnosense/pointdoing….2.复合结构主：Hisnotbeingallowedtovisithissickmummadehimsad.宾：Shedidn’tmindhim/hiscryingandcontinuedtotype.Heinsistedontheplanbeingcarriedoutatonce.3.need,want,require,deserve;worth,worthy4.动名词的一般式及完成式：doing/havingdone互用情况：admit,regret,remember,forget,acknowledge,mention等Hementionedmeeting/havingmetyouatthepartylastweek.（三）分词1.作状语：doing/done;havingdone/havingbeendone2.定语（被动）asurvey________(carry)outnow/________(carry)outnextweek/________(carry)outlastweek主动：关注这些词measure,weigh,remain等连系动词，date/gobackto,datefromTherearemanythings______(remain)tobedone.Iwanttobuyatable_____(measure)3x2.3.连词+分词等when,while,until;if,unless,once;though,although,evenif,eventhough;as(像，按照；比；),than,asif,asthough*before,after用法要注意After_______(spend)everypennyofhismoneyand__________(reduce)to_________(hire)himselfouttofeedpigs,herealized…….4.beingdone三种用法；Thesurveybeingcarriedoutnowisaboutwhether……Thestudentswatchedtheflagbeingraised.______(catch)inaheavytrafficjaminataxiwhileyouarehurryingtotheairportisquiteanunpleasantexperience.5.独立主格结构：（1）with+宾语+doing/done/todo/tobedone(2)执行者+doing/done/havingdone/havingbeendone/todo/tobedone6.bedevotedto/devote….to等结构作状语及它们的动名词形式作主语及宾语:devote,dedicate,lose,bury,occupy,absorb,dress,addict,involve,accustom,seat,expose等__________(expose)tothesunforalongtimedoesharmtoyourskin._________(expose)yourselftothesunforalongtimedoesharmtoyourskin.__________(expose)tothesunforalongtime,hefeltsick.8.句子结构_____(get)upearlyinthemorningtohaveawalk,Iamsure,you’relikelytofeelactiveallday._____(get)upearlyinthemorningtohaveawalkandI’msureyou’relikelytofeelactiveallday.Ifyou_____(get)upearlyinthemorningtohaveawalk,you’relikelytofeelactiveallday.Thebottle,____topcutoff,wasusedasapottogrowaflowerin.(its/whose)Thebottle,whosetop__________,wasusedasapottogrowaflowerin.(havingbeencutoff/hadbeencutoff)（四）注意点1.todo,do,doing,done,beingdone作补语●ask/expect/want/wish/order/advise/require/request/commandsb.todosth./sth.tobedone●have/make/let….dohave/make…donelet…bedone●feel/see/notice/observe/lookat/watch/listento/hear….do(doing)/done(beingdone)Whenhewasyoung,hewasveryinterestedinrepairingthingsandheoftenwenttowatchbikes_____________(repair).但：find…doing/done(beingdone)have系列:have….do;have…done;have…doing(2种用法)have…todo/tobedone•Thecatistheonlypetshehas_______(lie)onherbed.•Ifwehavealltheseimmigrants_________(enter)thecity,thelocalpeoplewilllosemorejobopportunities.get系列：•get…todosth./getsth.done/get…doing.(moving,running,going)set/send…doing译：发动机器getthemachine_________(start)2.非谓语中逗号前或后分词作状语形式Heworkedontheprojectfor5hours,only_____(stop)tohaveacigarette.Hehurriedtotheairport,only_____(find)thatthestarhadleft.Hehurriedtotheairport,only_____（tell）thatthestarhadleft.Hisessay,____________(polish)upmanytimes,wonthefirstprizefinally.3.哪些动词doing作宾语，todo作宾补？advise/permit/allow/forbid/recommend4.goon,stop,remember,regret,forget,try,mean等后接todo与doing意义不同；5.独立成分：judgingfrom/by,talking/speakingof,considering/taking…intoconsideration,seeing(that),given,generally/honestly/strangely/frankly/honestlyspeaking,following(在..后),regarding=concerning关于，assuming/suppose/supposing/provided/providing假如；tobegin/startwith,toconclude,tosummarize,tosumup,tobefrank,tobehonest,tobeexact；believeitornot6.being的省略：•Itbeingfine,theywentforapicnic.•Therebeingnobus,theyhadtowalkhome.•Class(being)over,childrenrushedout.7.therebe的非谓语形式：theretobe与therebeing---Whydidn’thecometothemeeting?----Nobodyhadtoldhimabouttherebeingameeting.Therebeingnobus,hehadtotakeataxihome.如果为了应试的话，以上分享的已经够用了，主要是刷题需要word版本的可以在下方评论或者私信强大的江苏血统让我四六级一次过（裸考）然而需要刷分（笑）感谢天天换衣服的英语老师的真传我是星尘，欢迎关注我的不靠谱小店@灯下星尘五三镇楼图源百度一点申明想要word版的可以私戳或者评论可以吧优秀的资料就是一起分享但是这种语气真的受不了谢谢