Biology: Component 1 – The Human Body ELC Outcomes Summary of content covered in ELC Same theme covered in Combined but extra content New content on same topic Rest of Combined Foundation content basic building blocks of living organisms. of a cell of specialisation of cells Structure related to function 4.1.3.2 Cell structures 4.1.3.1 Electron microscopy 4.9 Key ideas 4.1.3.6 Cell differentiation 4.1.3.3 Transport into and out of cells Required practical 4: Investigate the effect of a of concentrations of salt or sugar solutions on the mass of plant tissue Practical development Observing and drawing Required practical 3 - use a light microscope to observe, draw and label a selection of plant and animal cells. A magnification scale must be included. Tissue and organs exemplified by human circulatory system and the digestive system. Definition and differences between tissues and organs 4.2.1.2 Exchange surfaces Identify the position and function of the major organs Role of the heart and blood in the human circulatory system 4.2.1.3 The human circulatory system 4.2.1.4 Blood cells 4.3.1.3 Treatments for cardiovascular disease 4.3.2.7 Cancer digestive system Position of the organs in the digestive system 4.2.1.5 The human digestive system
Practical development This could also be undertaken for Outcome 7 Evaluate the effect of disinfectants and antibiotics on agar in Petri dishes. White blood cells and vaccination How white blood cells work How a vaccination works 4.3.3.4 The human immune system 4.3.3.5 Vaccination 4.3.3.6 Medicines 4.3.3.7 Testing new drugs Medical drugs Drug testing: The effects of drugs and the meaning of dependency and withdrawal The role of antibiotics 4.3.3.7 Testing new drugs Practical development: As for Outcome 5 Evaluate the effect of disinfectants and antibiotics on agar in Petri dishes. Automatic control systems in the human body The control system nervous responses and reflex actions 4.3.1.4 Homeostasis 4.2.1.6 The human nervous system Practical development Compare the speed of catching reflex of two people. Reaction times could also be compared using computer programs. Required practical 8 - plan and carry out an investigation into the effect of a factor on human reaction time.
Competition What do plants and animals compete for? 4.4.2.2 Interdependence and competition Practical development Compare the growth of plants when are planted at different densities Environmental changes that effect animals and plants Simple idea of biotic and abiotic factors affecting living things. For example, temperature and predation 4.4.2.3 Factors that affect communities Practical development Compare the distribution of plants in a trodden and non-trodden area Required practical 12: Measure the population size of a common species in a habitat. Use sampling techniques to investigate the effect of a factor on the distribution of this species. Pollution of water, air and the land Sources of pollution and how the growing population is increasing this pollution 4.4.2.6 Negative human impacts on ecosystems 4.4.2.5 Biodiversity 4.4.1.5 Climate change: impacts and mitigation 4.4.2.7 Positive human impacts on ecosystems Practical development Investigate whether rainwater in a city is more acidic that rainwater in the countryside. Compare the quality of water from different sources. For example, running and still. Chemistry Required practical 11: analysis and purification of samples from different sources, including pH, dissolved solids and distillation. (cf ELC Chemistry Component 4 Outcome 10)
Evolution, natural selection and artificial selection Evidence for evolution from the fossil record. Simple idea of natural selection using peppered moth as an example of having characteristics most suited to surviving which then allow it to breed successfully Explanation of artificial selection with examples. 4.4.4.2 Evolution through natural selection 4.4.4.3 Evidence for evolution 4.4.4.5 Selective breeding 4.4.3.4 Genotype and phenotype 4.9 Key ideas Two types of reproduction Explanation of the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction 4.4.3.1 Chromosomes and 4.1.3.5 Meiosis Practical development Investigate how plants grown from runners are chromosomes and DNA. Principles of genetic engineering Where and what chromosomes are made of Chromosomes pairs and inheritance of sex Potential benefits and of genetic engineering 4.4.3.1 Chromosomes and genes 4.4.3.2 Sex determination in humans 4.4.4.6 Genetic engineering 4.4.3.3 Single gene inheritance 4.9 Key ideas