Hence, overall there is a need for a LCA which covers the full spectrum of resource consumption, has a broad system boundary and includes the aspect of nutritional quality, in the FU if possible. This is an issue which is addressed in this study. Table S1: Summary of literature using LCA to evaluate environmental impact and nutritional quality of food consumption REFERENCE Functional Unit Scenarios Nutrition and health Environmental impact LCA boundaries Berlin and Sund (2010) M Meal with pork Meal with chicken AP, EP, GWP, PEU Agriculture, processing, distribution Davis et al. (2010) M 4 meals with different protein sources in Sweden and Spain AP, EP, GWP, PEU, POCP, SODP Agriculture, packaging, distribution, preparation, sewage Leuenberger et al. (2010) M 10 canteen meals Vegetarian meals Meat meals GWP Agriculture, processing, distribution, preparation Smedman et al. (2010) B Milk, soft drinks, juices and drinks, beer, wine and carbonated water Nutritional density GWP Agriculture, processing, packaging, transport Virtanen et al. (2010) M, 740 kcal 30 lunches Home made meal meal GWP Agriculture, processing, distribution, preparation Virtanen et al. (2011) M 21 meals Homemade Convenience GWP Agriculture, processing, distribution, preparation Saarinen et al. (2012) M School lunches, Home-made meals, Ready-made meals EP, GWP Agriculture, processing, distribution, packaging, preparation, no waste management Meier and Christen (2013) D: 2000 kcal /day/person 1985-1989 average 2006 average Dach diet UGB diet Vegan AE,BWU, dLUC, GWP, LU, PEU, PU, Agriculture, processing, transport and trade, packaging Kendall and (2014) FP: 1 kg, 1 serving, 1000 kcal, 100 gr protein, WNDS in 100 kcal 4 food products produced in California WNDS GWP Farm to food processing facility gate: agriculture, processing, packaging Schmidt Rivera et al. (2014) M Ready-made meal Meal prepared at home ADP, AP, EP, FAETP, GWP, HTP, MAETP, ODP, POCP, TETP Agriculture, processing, manufacturing of meal, packaging, vegetarian
Summary of considered processes Table S2: Summary of processes considered in the case study. Home pork High Home pork Low Canteen Pork Home Quorn™ high home low Canteen Quorn™ Primary ingredient production and processing of vegetables (carrots, onions, mushrooms) production products manufacturing (butter, milk) oil production (frying) croquette production and freezing of packaging materials of vegetables (carrots, onions, mushrooms) production products manufacturing (butter, milk) oil production (cooking and frying) croquette production and freezing of packaging materials of vegetables (carrots, onions, mushrooms) production products manufacturing (butter, cream) oil production (cooking and frying) croquette production and freezing blanching and freezing of packaging materials of vegetables (carrots, onions, mushrooms) production products manufacturing (butter, milk) oil production (frying) croquette production and freezing of packaging materials of vegetables (carrots, onions, mushrooms) production products manufacturing (butter, milk) oil production (cooking and frying) croquette production and freezing of packaging materials of vegetables (carrots, onions, mushrooms) production and freezing products manufacturing (butter, cream) oil production (cooking and frying) croquette production and freezing blanching and freezing of packaging materials Packaging secondary, and tertiary packaging considered, secondary and tertiary packaging wasted in supply chain secondary, and tertiary packaging considered, secondary and tertiary packaging wasted in supply chain secondary, and tertiary packaging considered secondary, and tertiary packaging considered, secondary and tertiary packaging wasted in supply secondary, and tertiary packaging considered, secondary and tertiary packaging wasted in supply chain secondary, and tertiary packaging considered Distribution to distribution centre storage to supermarket to distribution centre storage to supermarket to distribution centre storage to distribution centre storage to supermarket to distribution centre storage to supermarket to distribution centre storage Transport to kitchen car bicycle truck car bicycle truck
Consumption in fridge and freezer (electrical stove top, oven, fryer) removal (hood) in fridge and freezer (electrical stove top, oven, fryer) removal (hood) in fridge and freezer (steamer, oven, fryer, cooker) warm removal (hood) in fridge and freezer (electrical stove top, fryer) removal (hood) in fridge and freezer (electrical stove top, fryer) removal (hood) in fridge and freezer (steamer, oven, fryer, cooker) warm removal (hood) Waste management management (packaging and food waste, no frying oil) management (packaging and food waste) management (packaging and food waste) management (packaging and food waste, no frying oil) management (packaging and food waste) management (packaging and food waste)