Significant -ve trends: *CMM women 0.57 (0.32, 1.02) p for trend =0.04 ** multiple myeloma 0.45 (0.24, 0.84) p for trend=0.01 Significant +ve trends: ** all cancers 1.09 (1.02,1.16) p for trend=0.002 **mouth & pharynx 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) p for trend=0.006 **NHL 1.47 (1.06, 2.04) p for trend=0.01 *PM breast cancer 1.17 (0.91,1.49) p=0.03 Breast () Case-control CLA, vaccenic acid CLA, vaccenic acid intake & BC Country: Finland N=433 F Case=225 Control =208 Age 52.6 (25-75y) TFA intake: g/day C18:1 trans: 1.17 ±0.54 Vaccenic acid: 0.28 ±0.14 CLA: 0.13± 0.06 Total: 0.52 Dietary assessment: 110 item validated FFQ completed at home, checked by nurse at interview. Finnish food comp database FA: gas liquid chromatography Age, area, energy. Age at menarche, age at 1st baby, OC, Oestrogen, FHx, BBD, education, alcohol, smoking, PAL, WHR, BMI ↑ vs ↓ quintile of intake Dietary CLA: PM women OR 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) Dietary trans-vaccenic acid: no signif ↑ vs ↓ quintile of FA: In PM women Trans-vaccenic acid: OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.1,0.6) Serum & Intake: Inv assoc with BC. 70% reduction with higher intake of CLA 80% reduction in risk seen with higher serum CLA and 80% reduction with higher serum of trans-vaccenic acid. It is possible to ↑ CLA & trans-vaccenic acid in
2 y from diagnosis. Nutrition Coordinating Centre food database Outcome Dx: primary colon cancer-medical records risk of CRC. Data suggests that those who do not use aspirin, NSAID’s or HRT may be more affected by TFA () Case-Control Total TFA TFA intake &CRC Country: Scotland SOCCS N=2910, 64.3% M 1455 Matched 1455 Age: 64.3 (16-79 y) TFA intake (g/day) 3.55 Dietary assessment: SFFQ 150 items validated in younger people FA data from UK food comp tables and FOODBASE database. Outcome dx: CRC presented to surgical unit in Scotland Family hx CRC, TEI, TFI, alcohol, non-steroidal drugs, smoking, BMI, PAL, total FA intake. ↑ vs ↓ quartile of TFA intake and risk of CRC Trans MUFA: *OR 1.38 (1.09, 1.74) Significant results only in females: *OR 1.57 (1.05,2.36) CRC risk 57% higher in women in 4th vs 1st quintile of intake. Intake: +ve assoc. TFA intake & CRC in women only Not signif in men () Case-Control Total TFA Investigate assoc. TFA & CRC race differences Country: US N=1643, 50.7% M Age: 64.7 (40-80)y Cases: 623 Controls: 1020 TFA intake (mean g/day, SD) 5.47 ±2.65 Dietary assessment: Modified version of 100 item SFFQ block food frequency- 29 local foods added Interviews by trained nurses. Outcome Dx: Age, sex, calcium intake, meat consumption, alcohol, BMI, family Hx CRC Energy adj TFA consumption was not associated with CRC. ↑ vs ↓ quintile of intake: Whites: Adj. OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.69, 1.49) AA: Adj. OR 0.99 (0.61, 1.62) Intake: No assoc. TFA & CRC No found between ↑ consumption TFA & specific tumour location (proximal or distal colon)
North Caroline Central Cancer Registry Pancreatic () Prospective Total TFA Pancreatic cancer risk & fat intake Country: Netherlands NLCS N=120 852, 48% M Age: 61.7 (55-69)y 13y FU 350 incident cases TFA intake: (g/day) 2.91±1.241 Dietary assessment: Self-administered validated 150 item FFQ Database TRANSFAIR study Outcome dx: Netherlands Cancer Registry & Netherlands Pathology Registry gender, age, TEI, smoking, alcohol, T2D, HTN, BMI, Vegetables, Fruit No intake of TFA & pancreatic cancer in the total population in age and gender adjusted & multivariable adjusted. ↑ vs ↓ quintiles of intake: RR 1.14 (0.79-1.64) Intake: No assoc. TFA and pancreatic cancer risk () Prospective Total TFA Pancreatic cancer & diet Country: US NHS N=88 802 F Age: 46.8 (30-55)y 18y FU 178 dx TFA intake: median g/day): Q1=2.5, Q2=3.3, Q3=3.9, Q4=4.6, Q5=5.7 Dietary assessment: 61 item SFFQ 1980, 131 item ’84,’86,’90 Outcome dx: Self-reported via q’airre. Medical records obtained for confirmation Smoking, BMI, Hx T2D, TEI, Ht. PAL, menopausal status, glycaemic load intake. ↑ vs ↓ quintile of TFA intake: RR 0.91 (95%CI 0.58, 1.43) p=0.44 Intake: No assoc. TTFA and pancreatic cancer risk
Prospective TFA intake & dementia The Rotterdam Study N= 5395, 41%M Age: 67.7 (≥55)y 16y FU 197 dx TFA intake (g/day): 2.7 ± 1.0 database derived from the TRANSFAIR Study and Dutch Food Composition Table energy intake, intake of vitamin E standard deviation increase in TFA intake: 0.90 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.06), () Cross-sectional TFA Distribution of TFA in foetal cord blood related to maternal lipids Country: Germany N= 55, mother-child pairs Age: mothers 29.2y TFA in erythrocytes and plasma: t9t12, c9t12, t9c12, C18:2; t3,c9,c11 & c8,t10,t12 C18:3 were summarised as TTFA Collected at birth Fatty acids in maternal and foetal plasma (% of total FAME, m ± SD) **TTFA maternal 0.59 ± 0.12; foetal: 0.52 ± 0.17 **r=0.36 **C9,t11 CLA maternal 0.20 ± 0.07; foetal: 0.14 ± 0.04 r=0.84 acids in maternal and foetal erythrocytes (% of total FAME, m ± SD) **TTFA maternal 0.82 ± 0.15; foetal: 0.64 ± 0.45 **r=0.07 **C9,t11 CLA maternal 0.12 ± 0.04; foetal: 0.08 ± 0.04 **r=0.32 Serum: +ve assoc TTFA in maternal plasma correlated with TTFA in foetal plasma but not adjusted for any confounders () Case-control Individual TFA Individual FTA & mild Country: Germany N= 60, 28%M Age: 70y Cases: 30 Controls:30 Serum TFA: gas chromatography Comparison among groups done for gender, age, educational level and global **Pts with Alzheimer’s disease had significantly higher intakes C18:1 (n-7) vaccenic compared Serum: +ve assoc vaccenic acid and Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease Serum TFA (% total FA): C18:1 (n-7) vaccenic Controls: 1.96±0.3 Cases: 2.26±0.4 C18:1 (n-9)t elaidic Controls: 0.04±0.02 Cases: 0.04±0.03 C18:2 (n-9)t linoleadic Controls: 0.04±0.02 Cases: 0.04±0.01 cognitive level with controls P=0.0029 () Cross-sectional No TFA data Margarine consumption Asthma and allergy in relation to diet Country: Sweden N=1014, 51% F Age: Median 9 (5-14) y 114 subjects reported allergy intolerance TFA intake not measured Margarine intake: Consumption yes/no No=19% Yes=81 Dietary assessment: TFA not assessed. 7 question dietary questionnaire administered. Measured consumption of meat, fish, fruits, veg, fresh milk, fermented milk and fast food. Q’airre contained yes/no questions on 5 types of fat. Outcome dx: Current asthma assessed as current medication or attack in past 12 months. Additional Age, gender, 12 dietary variables (meat, fish, fruits, veg, milk, fermented milk, fast food, butter, margarine, olive oil, rapeseed oil, PUFA) R’ship b/t consumption of margarine, respiratory symptoms and asthma OR (95% CI): Wheeze: 0.68 Daytime breathlessness: 1.23 (0.51-2.96) Current asthma: 0.79 (0.37-1.68) Atopic sensitisation: 0.86 (0.52-1.42) With regards to allergens: Among those consuming margarine, there were significant positive associations (P<0.05) between wheeze and dog and horse allergen levels, Intake: +ve assoc. in those consuming margarine b/t: respiratory symptoms, asthma and allergens.