Previous LCA Research on Food Waste Table S1 provides a review of recent food waste focused LCAs, their characteristics, and main findings. S1. LCAs Focused on Food Waste Author, Year Functional Unit a Software b Scenarios Technologies c Impacts d Country SA e Main Findings, c, d Bernstad and Jansen 2012 1 ton FW NP 4 AD AC, ET, EU, GW Sweden Y AD had impact reductions; FW collection with vacuum bags had greatest EU reductions; collection in bags had greatest GW, ET, & AC reductions Colon et al. 2010 1 Mg FW Sima pro 7 6 HC AC, ADP, CED, ET, GW, OD, POF Spain Y HC is a suitable treatment Diggelman and Ham 2003] 100 kg FW NP 5 C, WTE, LF, MWW, FWP AEM, EU, LU, SW, WU, WW, WWa U.S. N C was preferred due to its low H2O requirements, little wastewater outputs, & capture of nutrients Grosso et al. 2012 504,000 tons FW & residual waste Sima pro 7 2 AD, WTE AC, GW, HT, POF Italy Y AD had impacts than WTE in most categories Khoo et al. 2010 570,000 tons FW NP 4 AD, C, WTE AC, ET,EU, GW, POF N AD was preferred, followed by C then WTE
Carlosson et al. 2015 1 ton FW 5 AD GW Y GW variations due to changes in efficiencies are generally small a FW = food b NP = not provided c AD = Anaerobic digestion; AF = Animal feed; BLF = bioreactor landfill; C =Composting; FWP = food waste processor; HC = home composting; LF = Landfilling; MWW = municipal wastewater; D = donation d AC = acidification; ADP = abiotic resource depletion potential; AE = aquatic ecotoxicity; AEM = air emissions; AG = acid gases; ALO = agricultural land occupation; CA = carcinogens; CED = cumulative energy demand; EC = ecotoxicity; ET = eutrophication; EU = energy use; FD = fossil depletion; FE = freshwater ecotoxicity; FEU = freshwater eutrophication; GW = global warming potential/climate change; IR = ionizing radiation; LU = land use; MD = metal depletion; ME = marine ecotoxicity; MEU = marine eutrophication; NC = non-carcinogens; NE = nutrient enrichment; NLT = natural land transformation; NOx = nitric oxide emissions; OD = ozone depletion; PMF = particulate matter formation; POF = photochemical ozone formation; SM = smog; Sox = sulfur oxide emissions; TA = terrestrial acidification; TE = terrestrial ecotoxicity; ULO = urban land occupation; WD = water depletion; WTE = waste to energy; WU = water use; WW = waste water produced; WWa = waterborne wastes e SA = sensitivity analysis; Y = Yes, N = No
a The material names given in parenthesis are those used in the Brookhaven waste sort; b TS = total solid S4: Environmental Impact Categories Included in LCA. Impact Category Description a Method b Examples of Classification Data Factor Reference Climate Change (GW) Increased absorption of infrared radiation from the caused by emissions of greenhouse gases IPCC 2007 CH4, CO2 Global warming potential kg eq. 8,096 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (ODP) Destruction of the stratospheric layer by emissions of ozone depleting substances EDIP Methane tetrachloro Ozone depleting potential kg eq. 4.14*10-2 Terrestrial Acidification (TA) Increased acidity in soil systems by hydrogen ion concentration caused by atmospheric deposition of acidifying substances AE NH3, NOx, SOx potential AE 49.6 Terrestrial Eutrophication (TE) Increased nutrients caused by the deposition of airborne emissions of nitrogen compounds and ammonia AE NH3, NOx potential AE 115 Freshwater Eutrophication (FE) Increased nutrients caused primarily by the deposition waterborne emissions of nitrogen and compounds. P is generally the limiting nutrient in freshwater systems. Large lakes may also be affected by airborne emissions ReCiPe midpoint P, PO43- potential kg P eq. 0.62 Marine Eutrophication (ME) Increased nutrients caused by the deposition of airborne and waterborne emissions of nitrogen and phosphorous-containing compounds. N is generally the limiting nutrient in marine systems ReCiPe midpoint NH3, N, NOx potential kg N eq. 9.38 Depletion of Fossil Resources (ARF) Decrease in availability of the total reserve of potential functions of resources (minerals and fossil fuels) beyond their rate of replacement CML 2012 Coal, Oil, Diesel Resource depletion potential MJ 6.24*104 a European Commission, 2010 b AE = accumulated exceedance