describe the structure of arteries, capillaries and and understand their roles 112 describe the structure of the heart and how it functions 109 describe the composition of the red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma 102-104 understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy 103 explain how adaptations of red blood cells, including shape, structure and the presence of haemoglobin, make them suitable for the transport of oxygen 103-104 describe how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen 105-107 Nutrition (plants) & Food production (crop plants) Textbook pages Read textbook exam questions in textbook Problems describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis 51-52 write the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis 46 explain how water is absorbed by root hair cells 95-97 describe the role of xylem in transporting water and mineral salts from the roots to other parts of the plant 95-97 understand the importance in plants of turgid as a means of support 34 describe the process of photosynthesis and understand its importance in the conversion of light energy to chemical energy 47 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, the production of starch and the requirements of light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll 47
describe how glasshouses and polythene tunnels can be used to increase the yield of certain crops 244-246 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis 47 understand the effects on crop yield of increased carbon dioxide and increased temperature in glasshouses 246 understand the reasons for pest control and the advantages and disadvantages of using pesticides and biological control with crop plants 248 understand that plants require mineral ions for growth and that magnesium ions are needed for chlorophyll and nitrate ions are needed for acids 52-53 understand the use of fertiliser to increase crop yield 247 describe the stages in the nitrogen including the roles of nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria (specific names of bacteria are not required) 226-227 understand that eutrophication can result from leached minerals from fertiliser 235-236 understand the biological consequences of pollution of water by sewage, including increases in the number of micro-organisms causing depletion of oxygen 235 Excretion & Gas exchange (plants) Textbook pages Read textbook Tried exam questions in textbook Problems explain how the structure of the leaf is adapted for gas exchange 76-78 understand the role of diffusion in gas exchange 31
understand that selective reabsorption of glucose occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule 126-127 understand that water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct 127-128 understand that urine contains water, urea and salts 127 describe the role of ADH in regulating the content of the blood 127-128 understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation 125-128 Coordination and response (Plants) Textbook Read textbook Tried exam questions in textbook Problems understand that organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment 134 understand that plants respond to stimuli 134-135 describe the geotropic responses of roots and stems 134-136 describe positive phototropism of stems 134-136 Coordination and response (Humans) Textbook pages Read textbook Tried exam questions in textbook Problems understand that a coordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an effector 138