Content Ethiopia, with a very large livestock population in Africa, doesn’t have a full-fledged livestock policy. Many countries in Africa have national policies and strategies towards the development of the livestock sector. These include Ethiopian neighbors Kenya and Somaliland, and Tanzania.This report describes the livestock and livestock products policy as inferred from the country’s scattered laws dealing with sanitary, processing, quarantine, and trade in animals, animal products and by products. Description The national rural development policy dedicates vary small part of it to issues related with pastoralists and livestock development. It aims at alleviating problem of underutilization of grazing land, resource degradation and low livestock productivity by developing water sources and improving pasture land protection and management through rejuvenating depleted pasture resources and utilizing such resources prudently. Using local knowledge and skills in the planning and implementation of development programs; overhauling the livestock marketing structure; increasing livestock off-take and awareness among herders to make livestock raising market-driven are among the considerations in the policy. Settlement is also taken as a basic development strategy. The policy required the federal government and regional administrations to identify constraints restraining investments in areas such as cattle fattening, live animal marketing and transport and meat processing and tanneries with a view of encouraging and facilitating private capital. Education and agricultural extension services are also part of the policy. Concerning education, preference is given in using the time of relatively considerable settlement for education and short-tem trainings. The meat, leather and leather products industry is identified as a strategic/important industry in the country’s industrial development strategy. The following are aims of the policy as inferred from the various legal documents promulgated with a view to implement the policy: Prevention and control of animal diseases to maximize the benefits to be derived from livestock resources
Introduction Ethiopia adopted a Micro and Small Enterprises Development Strategy, Provision Framework and Methods of Implementation (Hereafter referred to as MSE Strategy) in 2011. This strategy covers issues like the definition of micro and small enterprises, the strategy for the development of the same and support program for the effective realization of the goals stated in the policy. The strategy left the definition of micro and small enterprises for a regulation to be promulgated. Accordingly, it is provided under a separate set of legal instrument. The definition of micro and small enterprises varies according to the sector in which they are engaged. For those engaged in the industry sector (e.g. manufacturing, construction and mining), a micro enterprise is an enterprise that operates with five people including the owner and/or having a total asset/capital not exceeding 100,000 ETB; whereas for those involved in the service sector (e.g. retailer, transport, hotel, tourism, ICT and Maintenance), a micro enterprise is an enterprise that operates with five persons including the owner and/or having a total asset not exceeding 50,000 ETB. Small enterprises (involved in the industrial sector) are those enterprises that operate with 6-30 persons and/or having total asset not exceeding between 100,000 ETB and 1.5 million ETB. Enterprises involved in the service sector are considered to be small enterprises if they operate with 6-30 persons and/or have a total asset between 50,000 and 500,000. Description The MSE Strategy envisions the creation of competitive and convenient base for industry development. Its objectives are: improving income of the society, reducing poverty and bringing equal opportunity through the creation of job opportunity; enabling the sector to be competent enough in facilitating economic growth and laying the foundation for industry development and expanding the sector’s development by creating developmental investors. The strategy identifies a number of challenges faced by micro and small enterprises with regard to supply of finance, human resource development, production and sales cluster development and industrial extension. Failure of TVET to develop sensitizing on technology transfer and capacity/gap problem with experts in developing and disseminating technology; absence of readiness to accept and use new
such interpretations will have bad consequences in that the pastoralists do not have another alternative. So this calls for different scheme of compensation which could benefit nearby community either on communal basis or on individual basis in order to solve the problem of the pastoralists sustainably. There are also different laws dealing with the water resources such as the federal water resource management proclamation. This proclamation was issued to ensure that the water resources of the country are protected and utilized for the highest social and economic benefits of the people, that they are duly conserved, harmful effects of water are prevented, and that the management of water resources is carried out properly. Pursuant to the proclamation that define the power and responsibility of Ministries, the power of the then Ministry of Water and Energy and the currently renamed Ministry of Water, Energy and Irrigation includes: promoting the development of water resources and energy; undertaking basin studies; determining the country’s ground and surface water resource; undertaking studies and negotiations of treaties pertaining to the utilization of boundary and trans-boundary water; supporting the expansion of potable water supply coverage; and issuing permits and regulating the construction and operation of water works. The ministry also works in corporation with the line Bureaus of Water and Energy of the Regional States. Especially the ministry gives training to the regional experts in the way to build their capacity. Beyond that the regional states water and energy bureau are the main implementers of the water policy supplying water and enhancing small scale irrigation in cooperation with the ministry as well as the line offices of the regional governments. There is also a separate office for irrigation in regional states. In addition, Afar National Regional state established the Integrated Basin Development Office. This office facilitates the construction of small scale irrigation and drinking water projects for both human and livestock. If the construction is for irrigation, the Pastoral Development Office will follow up and if the project is for water supply the office of the water and energy will follow up once the project is finalized. There is also basin water resource administration authorities in areas such as Awash basin for the Purposes of co-coordinating, administering, allocating and regulating the utilization of the surface water resources of the Awash Basin. The authority has responsibilities to administer the available water of the basin that flows across or lies between more than one Regional
of Health. At regional level, regional focal persons are assigned at the regional environmental bureaus and task forces are organized at selected regional governmental bureaus to undertake the implementation of the CRGE. The EPACC has also comprehensively outlined its institutional setup at federal level, although a similarly complete framework is not stipulated regarding the regional institutional setup. At federal level the Ministry of Agriculture, Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity Conservation for Crop Biodiversity; Wildlife conservation Authority, Ministry of Culture and Tourism; Ministry Forest and Environment, Ministry of Water, Irrigation, and Energy; Ministry of Urban Development and Construction; Ministry of Transport, Ministry of labor and Social Affairs, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Women, Children and Youth Affairs, National Metrological Agency, Mapping Agency, and Ministry of Science and Technology are empowered to realize the obliteration of the 20 climate change related problems identified under the EPACC and implement the response measures formulated to tackle the identified problems. Each ministry is responsible towards the implementation of the specific response measures assigned to it under EPACC. The Ministry of Forest and Environment is the focal monitoring and evaluating agency overseeing the implementation of theprogram and coordination among stakeholders. At regional level, regional agriculture bureaus, universities and administrators are expected to take part in the process. The regional to adapt to climate change designed by each region don’t specifically formulate the institutional setup required to realize their implementation. Nonetheless, on the basis of the strategies identified, a presumption can be taken about the principal governmental offices that would take part in the implementation of the strategies. Thus, for implementation of the Afar and Oromia regional programs of plan to adapt to climate change the participation of the Afar Regional Environmental Protection and Land Administration Agency, Afar Regional Irrigation Bureau; Afar Pastoral and Agriculture Development Bureau, Afar Regional Health Bureau, Oromia Land and Environmental Protection Bureau, Oromia Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, and Oromia Water, Minerals and Energy Bureau is inevitable on the basis of the strategies identified on each respective states climate change adaptation plan. Exceptionally, the Somali region has progressed to implement the program in late 2011 using a fund gained from the United Nations Development Program (UNEP). In the annual action plan designed to implement the program the following implementing institutions were identified: Somali Region
22 Ashenafi Haile expert, Ministry of Agriculture Feb. 17, 2014 23 Zewdu Feleke Expert of water resource Management in the Ministry of Water, Energy and Irrigation Feb 17,2014 24 Ahimed Hussen Expert of water supply in Afar Regional State Water and Energy Bureau Feb25,2014 0924 499759 25 Yodit Admase Expert of resource management in Somali National Regional State Water and Energy Bureau March3,2014 26 Silesh Maru Expert of water supply in the Borena Zone Water and energy Office 27 Amin Abdul Socio Economist In the Basin Development and Villagization Program Coordination office. 28 Ahimed Director of the land Administration Directorate of the Ministry of the Agriculture and Development 29 Wegene Tadese Expert of land use and Administration in Borena Zone Rural Land and Environmental Protection Office 21February, 2014 30 Asefa Tesfaye Expert of Land Administration in the Afar National Regional state Land and Environmental protection Bureau. 25February, 2014 31 Muktar Abdi Land use and administration expert in the Ethiopian Somali national Regional Livestock and Pastoral Development Bureau. 4 March, 2014
42 Mr. Tahir Abdullahi Somali regional Environmental protection case team coordinator. 3/3/2014 43 Mr. Abdulkadir Mohammed Afar Regional State Environmental Protection core process owner 27/2/2014 44 Mr. Wogene Tadesse Borena Zone Environmental protection core process owner 21/2/2014 - 45 Miss Selam Kidane Ministry of Forest and Environment, legal officer 17/2/2014 46 Mrs. Iyesha Mohammed Mussa Head of Afar Disaster Prevention and Safety Net Program Coordinating Office 27/2/2014 47 Mr. Gayo Guyo Borena Zonal Disaster Prevention and management Bureau head 21/2/2014 48 Mr. Abdifatah Mohammed Somali Regional State Disaster risk reduction case coordinator 3/3/2014 49 Mr. Negussie Kefeni Federal disaster prevention and management agency; Early warning and response monitoring case team coordinator 18/2/2014 50 Mr. Ayele Kenea Oromia disaster prevention and preparedness commission; Case team coordinator. 18/2/2014 -