Important Events and People in Chronological Order Great Awakening (1730’s& 1740’s) French and Indian War (1754—1763) Albany Congress (1754) Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) Proclamation Act (1763) Act (1764) Currency Act (1764) Stamp Act (1765) Quartering Act (1765) Stamp Act Congress (1765) Virginia Resolves (1765) Declaratory Act (1766) Townshend Act (1767) Boston Massacre (1770) Committee of Correspondence (1771) Tea Act (1773) Boston Tea Party (1773) Intolerable Act (1774) Quebec Act (1774) First Continental Congress (1774) Lexington & Concord (1775) Second Continental Congress (1775-1781) Olive Branch Petition (1775) Prohibitory Act (1775) Common Sense (1776) Declaration of Independence (1776) Franco American Alliance (1778) Articles of Confederation (1781-1788) Treaty of Paris (1783) Newburgh Conspiracy (1883) Closes Mississippi River (1784) Land Ordinance of 1785 Annapolis Convention (1786) Shay’s Rebellion (1786) Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Constitutional Convention (1787) Assumption Bill (1790) Bill of Rights (1791) Neutrality Proclamation (1793) Whiskey Rebellion (1794) Jay’s Treaty (1794) Farewell Address (1796) XYZ Affair (1797) War (1798) & Sedition Acts (1798) Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798) Revolution of 1800 Judiciary Act of 1801 Marbury vs. Madison (1803) Second Great Awakening (1800-1830’s) Barbary War 1803-1805 Louisiana Purchase 1803 Lewis & Clark (1804-1805) Burr Conspiracy (1806) Chesapeake & Leopard Affair (1807) Embargo (1807) War hawks Elected (1810) War of 1812 (1812-1814) Hartford Convention (1814 Battle of New Orleans (1814) Tariff of 1816 Recharter of Bank of US (1816) National Road (1818) McCulloch vs Maryland (1819) Trial
Era of Good Feeling (1820) Missouri Compromise (1820) Monroe Doctrine (1823) Erie Canal Completed (1825) Corrupt Bargain (1825) American Temperance Society (1826) First Organized Strike (1828) Tariff of Abominations (1828) South Carolina “Exposition” (1828) Webster Hayne Debate (1829) Indian Removal Act (1830) Leads to Trail of Tears The Liberator Founded (1831) Peggy Eaton Affair (1831) Charles Finney (1831) Nat Turner Rebellion (1831) to Slave Codes Worchester vs Georgia (1832) Tariff of 1832 Anti-Masonic Party (1832) Force Bill (1833) Pet Banks (1833) American Anti-Slavery Society (1833) Compromise of 1833 Democracy in America (1835) Specie Circular (1836) Texas Independence (1836) Birthday of the Whig (1836) Panic of 1837 Caroline Affair (1837) Independent Treasury (1840) Nativism (1840) Telegraph (1840) Liberty Party (1840) Webster Ashburton Treaty (1842) Commonwealth vs Hunt (1842 Labor Unions are OK Texas Annexation (1845) Oregon Treaty (1846 Mexican War (1846-1848) Wilmot Priviso (1846) Free Soil Party (1848) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) California Gold Rush (1849) Compromise of 1850 Tom’s Cabin (1852) Kansas Nebraska Act (1854) Ostend Manifesto (1854) “Bleeding” Kansas (1855) Sumner-Brooks (1856) Dred Scott Decision (1857) of 1857 Lincoln-Douglas Debate (1858) John Browns Raid (1859) Hinton Rowan Helper (1859) Impending Crisis of the South Election of 1860 Crittenden Compromise (1861) Secession (1861) Fort Sumter (1861) Emancipation Proclamation (1862) Civil War (1861-1865) Reconstruction (1865-1877) Credit Mobilier (1872) Compromise of 1877 Greenback Party Homestead Act (1862) Trial Trial
Dawes Severalty Act (1887) Wounded Knee (1890) Homestead Strike (1892) Pullman Strike (1894) Alfred Mahan (1890) Sherman Anti-Trust (1890) Sherman Silver Purchase (1890) McKinley Tariff (1890) Populist Party Anti-Saloon League Frontier Thesis Repealed Sherman Silver Purchase Depression (1893-1897) Coxey’s Army (1894) Pullman (1894) Venezuela Boundary Dispute (1895) “Cross of Gold Speech” (1896) Plessy vs Ferguson (1896) Spanish American War (1895) Sinking of USS Maine (1898) DeLorne Letter (1898) Teller Amendment (1898) Philippine Insurrection (1899-1902) John Hay “Open Door Notes” (1899) Rebellion (1900) McKinley Assassination (1901) Platt Amendment (1901) Insular Cases (1901) Pennsylvania Cal miners Strikes (1902) Roosevelt Corollary (1902) Hay Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1902) Wright Brothers (1903) Taft-Katsura Agreement (1905) Hepburn Act (1906) Pure Food & Drug Act (1906) Meat Inspection Act (1906) of 1907 Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907) Great White Fleet (1907) Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy (1909) Payne-Aldrich (1909) Bull Party (1912) 16th and 17th Amendments (1913) Federal Reserve Act (1913) Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) Mexico (Huerta) (1914) Lusitania (1915) Mexico (Poncho (1916) Child Labor Act (1916) Sussex Pledge (1916) Zimmerman Telegram (1917) Wilson’s 14 Points (1918) Senate Rejects Treaty of Versailles (1919) Race Riots (1919-1920) Palmer Raids (1919-1920) 18th & 19th Amendments KKK Popular (1920-1925) Volstead Act (1920) Washington Conference (1920) Return to Normalcy (1921) Harlem Renaissance (1921) Marcus Garvey (1921) Universal Improvement Association Emergency Quota Act (1921) – 3% Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922) National Party Era (1923)
Teapot Dome Scandal (1923) National Origin’s Act (1924) – 2% Scopes (1925) Revenue Act of 1926 Lindbergh’s Flight (1927) “The Jazz Singer” (1927) Kellogg Brand (1928) Stock Market Crash (1929) Hawley Tariff (1930) RFC (1932) Bonus Army (1932) Farm Holiday Association (1932) 21st Amendment (1933) Bank Holiday (1933) 100 Days (1933) Home Owners Loan Corp (1933) FERA (1933) CCC (1933) PWA (1933) AAA (1933) NIRA (1933) TVA (1933 Dust Bowl (1934) SEC (1934) American Liberty League (1934) Share Our Wealth Society (1934) Townshend Plan (1934) Good Neighbor Policy (1934) Senator Nye Committee (1934) WPA (1935) Wagner Act (1935) Social Security (1935) Neutrality Act (1935)(munitions) Neutrality Act (1936) (No Loans) Packing (1937) Roosevelt Recession (1937) Quarantine Speech (1937) Neutrality Act (1939) (Cash & Carry) Destroyers for Bases (1940) Embargo on Japan (1940) (Steel) Lend Lease Act (1941) Atlantic Charter (1941) Shoot on Sight (1941) Embargo on –oil (1941) Pearl Harbor (1941) US enters WWII (1941-1945) Yalta Conference (1945) Potsdam Conference (1945) A-Bomb on Japan (1945) Iron Curtain Speech (1946) Containment (1946) Truman takes over the Coal Mine (1946) Taft Hartley (1946) Military is Desegregated (1946) Boomers (1946) Truman Doctrine (1947) Marshall Plan (1941) National Security Act (1947) Loyalty Review Boards (1947) Levittown (1947) Berlin Airlift (1948) Hess Case (1948) NATO (1949) Lost China (1949) Truman’s “Fair Deal” Korean War Begins (1950)
Rosenberg Case (1950) McCarthyism Begins (1950-1954) US H Bomb (1952) Dien Bien Phu (1954) Geneva Conference (1954) Brown Vs Board of Education (1954) Rosa Parks (1955) Montgomery Bus Boycott (1956) SCLC (1956) Suez Crisis (1956) Beatniks (1956) Sputnik (1957) Central High Little Rock 9(1957) Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) NASA (1958) National Def Ed Act (1958) Castro in Cuba (1959) Sit in at Woolworth (1960) SNCC (1960) U-2 (1960) Bay of Pigs (1961) Freedom riders (1961) Berlin Wall (1961) Alliance for Progress (1961) Corps (1961) Missile Crisis (1962) Meredith Univ of Miss (1962) “I Have a Dream” 91963) Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963) Feminine Mystique (1963) Gulf of Tonkin (1964) Civil Rights Act (1964) Great Society (1964) Economic Opportunity Act (1964) Free Speech Movement (1964) Whites out of Civil Rights Movement (1964) Medicare Act (1965) Voting Rights Act (1965) Watts Riot (1965) NOW (1966) Miranda (1966) Assassination of M.L. King (1968) Assassination of Bobby Kennedy (1968) Tet Offensive (1968) Wood Stock (1969) Vietnamization (1969) Cambodianized War (1970) Kent State (1970) Wage Freeze (1971) ERA (1972) Roe vs Wade (1972) New Federalism (1972) Pentagon papers Watergate (1972-1974) War Powers Resolution (1973) US out of Vietnam (1975) Nixon Resigns (1974) Mayaguez (1975) Panama Canal Treaty (1978) Camp David Accords (1978) Iranian Hostage Situation (1978) SALT 1 (1975) Reagan Elected President (1980)
Strong Federal/Central Government Loose interpretation of Constitution (Positive Liberal State) Pro-Tariff Pro-Bank Pro-Internal Improvements especially railroad Limit Westward Expansion Anti-King Andrew Impose cultural & moral conformity (Protestant) Republicans (1854-Present) key members: John C. Freemont, Abraham Lincoln Northern Nativists (anti-Catholic at the local level) Know-Nothings Anti-Slavery in the territories High protective tariffs Free homesteads Federal Aid for internal improvements especially trans continental railroad Eventually Pro-central bank Eventually strong central government (Lincoln) Comparison of First & Second Great Awakening Great Awakening (1730’s-1750’s) Started in Massachusetts Bay Colony by Jonathan Edwards Message: God was omnipotent Sinners were damned Emphasized Calvinism & Pre destination George Whitefield an inspiring minister toured the colonies from New Hampshire to Georgia message was delivered by itinerant ministers People who listened to this new style of preaching were called “new lights” many congregants will split between new and old lights Impact of Great Awakening: New Lights organized many centers of learning example: Princeton, Dartmouth and Significant number of new Protestant sects will be organized Helped the colonies- brought scattered colonists together at revival meetings. Second Great Awakening (1800’s-1830’s) Started in southern frontier in the camp meetings organized by Methodists & Baptists. Message: No Predestination Doctrine of “Free Will” A person could chose to give up life of sin and gain salvation Nathaniel Taylor (Yale Divinity School) Introduces Free Will Charles Finney—held successful revivals in Western N.Y. Impact of the 2nd Great Awakening Northern wing of 2nd Great Awakening inspired a great movement for social reform Activist Christianity—Stamp out sin in society example: stamp out dueling or prostitution or gambling Temperance Crusade
American Temperance Society Abolitionist Movement American Colonization Society Second Great Awakening (1800-1830’s) Baptists & Methodists sent circuit riders to preach in sparsely populated (first in the south) Reverend Timothy Dwight organized a series of Revival meetings at Yale to counter impact of Unitarians Message—Everyone is a “free agent’ who has the ability to overcome sin Itinerant minister Charles Finney preached in the Western part of New York. Sinners can be saved Women could pray aloud in church Camp meetings Reform Movements the Second Great Awakening *Second Great Awakening gave rise to a significant reform movement between 1820 & 1850 Education Horace Mann – Secretary of Massachusetts Board of Education Tax – Supported schools Taught Morality: Longer school days Punctuality Compulsory attendance Industry Expanded curriculum Frugality Sobriety Temperance American Temperance Society (1826) emphasis was on education Prohibition – Neal Dow “Maine Law” by 1857 12 states had prohibition Penal Institutions Gradually abolished debtors prison Dorothy Dix Cleaner Prisons Mental Institutions Women’s Rights Cult of Domesticity vs. Rights Movement Lucretia Mott Elizabeth CodyStanton B. Anthony Seneca Falls (1848) – “Declaration of Sentiments” Abolition American Colonization Society American Anti-Slavery Society William Lloyd Garrison Utopian Societies New Harmony Oneida Brook Farm Shakers
Imperialism (1890’s) Why was the U.S. late getting involved in imperialism? Anti-Colonial mentality U.S. had a frontier region until 1890 War & Reconstruction occupied America’s attention What caused the U.S. to looking outward? Analysis of Fredrick Jackson Turner’s thesis described in “The Significance of the Frontier on American History” (1890) Note: Labor Unrest, Populist movement Belief that the U.S. needed additional markets for its goods Depression in 1893-1896 Senator Albert Beveridge in 1899 “we are raising more than we can consume” Alfred Influence of Sea power upon History Foreign Commerce = Larger merchant Marine = need for navy for protection = navy refueling locations (Colonies) “Great White Fleet” “White Man’s Burden” Rudyard Kipling Josiah Strong Our Country: Its Possible Future and its Present Crisis Mission & social Darwinism “Survival of the fittest” Spanish-American War. (1898) “Splendid Little War”—John Hay Secretary of Yellow Journalism Hearst v. Pulitzer De Lome Letter (1898) Sinking of the Maine (1898) Importance: U.S. obtains colonies Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines Protective over Cuba (Teller Amendment & Platt Amendment) Philippine Insurrection Insular Case—Constitution doesn’t follow the flag Hawaii in 1898 Open Door Policy Rebellion (1900) Presidencies During Imperialism Theodore Roosevelt (Note: he was not president during the Spanish American War) Roosevelt Corollary (1904) Dominican Republic Receivership (1905) Cuba (U.S. landed troops – stayed 3 years) 1906 Panama Canal “I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate” Russo-Japanese Treaty (Noble Peace prize) Taft –Katsura Memo 1905 Japan Recognizes U.S. control of Philippines U.S. recognizes japans control of Korea Both continue to support Open Door William Howard Taft (1909-1912)
1961 – Freedom Riders 1963 – University of Alabama is desegregated Wallace shouts “segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever” 1963 – Kennedy a recommendation for Civil Rights protections to Congress –It Stalls 1963 – M.L. King is arrested in Birmingham “Letters from Birmingham Jail” 1963 – I Have a Dream Speech in D.C. Johnson Administration (1963-1968) 1964 – Civil Rights Act of 1964 1965 – Voting Rights Act of 1965 1964 – Civil Rights movement Splits: NAACP & SCLC v. SNCC, “Stokley Carmichael, Black Power v. Black Muslims, Black Panthers 1968 M.L. King is assassination (race riots across the country) Compare the New Deal and the Great Society New Deal (1933-1938) Great Society (1964-1968) First New Deal (1933-1935) Second New Deal (1935-1938) Hundred Days Relief and Employment Programs FERA – Federal Emergency Relief Act $500 Million for aid to the poor CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps Employed 250,000 men 18-24 years old PWA – Public Administration $3.3 Billion “pump priming” WPA – Works Progress Administration Recovery Emergency Banking Relief Act “Banking Holiday” AAA--Ag Adjustment Act Reduce Production – paid subsidy NIRA--National Ind. Recovery Act Prevent over production Prevent Mgmt. disputes Min. wage & max hours Collective Bargaining (Wagner Act) TYA—Tennessee Valley Authority Responding to the Depression New Deal Ends –Momentum for Reform Court Packing Scheme 1937 WWII Note: Truman’s Fair Deal (1949-1952) War on Poverty Economic Opportunity Act (20%-25% of Am. Families living below poverty level) a Job core Vista Medicare & Medicaid Head Start Appalachian Regional Development Act $1.1 billion Food Stamps Rent Subsidize Rights /Equality Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Affirmative Action Different from the New Deal: G.S. permanent Redistribution of wealth – 1960’s was a prosperous time. G.S. concerned about Equality issues FDR did not want to alienate south New Deal is an Econ. Policy G.S. is a Social Policy Neither one is completely successful War would end reform period Election of 1968 Richard Nixon (Republican) Note: M.L. King is assassinated in 1968 (race riot)