APUSH Unit 3 Confederation & Constitution APUSH 3.2 – APUSH 3.3 VUS.5a – VUS.5d Review: Ideas of the Enlightenment Thomas Hobbes “State of nature” Absolute monarchy John Locke “Natural rights” “Life, liberty and property” “Ordered liberty” Jean-Jacques Rousseau “Social contract” “Consent of the governed” Montesquieu Separation of powers Voltaire Religious toleration Separation of church and state Thomas Paine Common Sense Republicanism Democracy Town meetings virtue “Natural aristocracy” Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations Capitalism Richard Lee Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence Equality “Inalienable rights” “Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” Articles of Confederation & State Governments During the 18th century, new ideas about politics and society led to debates about religion and governance, and ultimately inspired experiments with new governmental structures. Many new state constitutions and the national Articles of Confederation, reflecting republican fears of both centralized power and excessive popular influence, placed power in the hands of the legislative branch and maintained property qualifications for voting and citizenship. Migrants from within North America and around the world continued to launch new settlements in the West, creating new distinctive backcountry cultures and fueling social and ethnic tensions. As settlers moved westward during the 1780s, Congress enacted the Northwest Ordinance for admitting new states and sought to promote public education, the protection of private property, and the restriction of slavery in the Northwest Territory. The policies of the United States that encouraged western migration and the orderly incorporation of new territories into the nation both extended republican institutions and intensified conflicts among American Indians and Europeans in the trans-Appalachian West. Difficulties over trade, finances, and interstate and foreign relations, as well as internal unrest, led to calls for significant revisions to the Articles of Confederation and a stronger central government. The major principles of the Bill of Rights of the Constitution were based on earlier Virginia statutes. Virginia Declaration of Rights George Mason Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom Thomas Jefferson Disestablishment State constitutions Property requirements Strong legislatures Weak executives and judiciaries State capitals 2nd Continental Congress Articles of Confederation Continental Army Equal representation
The powers of the United States federal government are divided between the legislative, executive and judicial branches. Article I Legislative branch House of Representatives Senate Three Fifths Compromise Census Apportionment Gerrymandering Impeachment Treaty ratification Confirmation hearings Veto override “Power of the purse” Revenue & appropriation Power to declare war Interstate commerce clause Majority rule Supermajority Filibuster Enumerated powers Implied powers Necessary & proper (elastic) clause Habeas corpus Bill of attainder Ex post facto law Titles of nobility Congressional oversight Article II Executive branch President Vice president Electoral college Inauguration Oath of office Chief executive Enforcement of law Head of state Commander-in-chief Veto Pocket veto Pardon Treaty negotiations Appointment of judges State of the Union address Impeachment of the president Article III Judicial branch Supreme Court Chief Justice Original jurisdiction Appellate jurisdiction Interpretation of law Precedent (stare decisis) Treason Article IV Full faith and credit Extradition Fugitive slave clause Article V Amendment Article VI National supremacy Treaties Religious test Article VII Ratification Checks & balances Separation of powers Federalism Ratification & Bill of Rights Federalists and Anti-Federalists debated whether it was possible for a republic to govern a large geographic area. Federalists argued that a strong central government was necessary while Anti-Federalists argued that such a government would violate the rights of the states and the people. The Bill of Rights was drafted to allay the fears of the Anti-Federalists. The major principles of the Bill of Rights of the Constitution were based on earlier Virginia statutes. Elements of Federalist and Anti-Federalist thought are reflected in contemporary political debate on issues such as the size and role of government, federalism, and the protection of individual rights. Athenian democracy Roman Republic Roman Empire Article VII Ratification Federalists Federalist Papers John Jay, Alexander Hamilton & James Madison “Publius” Conservatism “Counterrevolution” Antifederalists Antifederalist Papers George Mason Patrick Henry “Brutus” Virginia Declaration of Rights George Mason Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom