2 y from diagnosis. Nutrition Coordinating Centre food database Outcome Dx: primary colon cancer-medical records risk of CRC. Data suggests that those who do not use aspirin, NSAID’s or HRT may be more affected by TFA () Case-Control Total TFA TFA intake &CRC Country: Scotland SOCCS N=2910, 64.3% M Cases 1455 Matched 1455 Age: 64.3 (16-79 y) TFA intake (g/day) 3.55 Dietary assessment: SFFQ 150 validated in younger people FA data from UK food comp tables and FOODBASE database. Outcome dx: CRC presented to surgical unit in Scotland Family hx CRC, TEI, TFI, alcohol, non-steroidal drugs, smoking, BMI, PAL, total FA intake. ↑ vs ↓ quartile of TFA intake and risk of CRC Trans MUFA: *OR 1.38 (1.09, 1.74) Significant results only in females: *OR 1.57 (1.05,2.36) CRC risk 57% higher in women in 4th vs 1st quintile of intake. Intake: +ve TFA intake & CRC in women only Not signif in men () Case-Control Total TFA Investigate assoc. TFA & CRC race differences Country: US NCCCS-1 N=1643, 50.7% M Age: 64.7 (40-80)y Cases: 623 Controls: 1020 TFA intake (mean g/day, SD) 5.47 ±2.65 Dietary assessment: Modified version of 100 item SFFQ block food frequency- 29 local foods added Interviews by trained nurses. Outcome Dx: Age, sex, calcium intake, meat consumption, alcohol, BMI, family Hx CRC Energy adj TFA consumption was not associated with CRC. ↑ vs ↓ quintile of intake: Whites: Adj. OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.69, 1.49) AA: Adj. OR 0.99 (0.61, 1.62) Intake: No assoc. TFA & CRC No assoc. found between ↑ consumption TFA & specific tumour location (proximal or distal colon)
Maternal TFA intake during pregnancy and foetal growth N=1369 mother-child pairs Age: 32.4y FU 1st & 2nd trimester TFA intake (g/day): 2.35 ± 1.07 Self-administered validated SFFQ during 1st & 2nd trimesters. Outcome dx: Data on infant birth wt from medical records. Length of gestation by subtracting date of last menstrual period from day of delivery. BW/GA z value (foetal growth) using US ref data smoking status, age BMI, PA, television viewing, fish consumption β=0.02; (95% CI 2nd trimester +ve assoc. *β=0.29; (95% CI 0.07,0.51) () Prospective 18-1t isomer (elaidic acid) Associations b/t neonatal birth dimensions and maternal plasma fatty acid contents Country: Netherlands MEFAB N=782 mother-infant pairs Age: 29y Serum TFA: (% w/w) as median (25th-75th percentile) maternal plasma PL: 16 w: 0.45 (0.33-0.59) 22 w: 0.44 (0.32-0.58) 32w: 0.42 (0.31-0.54) Delivery: 0.37 (0.27- 0.49) Serum TFA: Maternal serum samples collected at 16, 22, 32 weeks & delivery. Outcome dx: Local hospital staff members recorded BW, BL & HC on standardised data sheets Maternal age, Ht, BMI, parity, smoking & drinking during pregnancy, socioeconomic status, GA, infant sex None of the assoc. b/t relative maternal 18:1t contents and BW, BL or HC reached statistical significance or showed a trend. Backward regression analysis demonstrated that for none of the 12 birth outcome FA combinations 18:1t was neither a predictor or confounder. Results not published Serum: No assoc between neonatal birth dimensions and maternal plasma fatty acid contents Considerable number of 18:1t values missing from database, () Total TFA Country: The Netherlands Validated SFFQ Food composition Age, sex, education, total Rate ratios of dementia per Intake: no between TTFA and dementia risk
Prospective TFA intake & dementia The Rotterdam Study N= 5395, 41%M Age: 67.7 (≥55)y 16y FU 197 dx TFA intake (g/day): 2.7 ± 1.0 database derived from the TRANSFAIR Study and Dutch Food Composition Table energy intake, intake of vitamin E standard deviation increase in TFA intake: 0.90 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.06), () Cross-sectional Total TFA Distribution of TFA in foetal cord blood related to maternal lipids Country: Germany N= 55, mother-child pairs Age: mothers 29.2y TFA in erythrocytes and plasma: t9t12, c9t12, t9c12, C18:2; t3,c9,c11 & c8,t10,t12 C18:3 were summarised as TTFA Collected at Fatty acids in maternal and foetal plasma (% of total FAME, m ± SD) **TTFA maternal 0.59 ± 0.12; foetal: 0.52 ± 0.17 **r=0.36 **C9,t11 CLA maternal 0.20 ± 0.07; foetal: 0.14 ± 0.04 r=0.84 Fatty acids in maternal and foetal erythrocytes (% of total FAME, m ± SD) **TTFA maternal 0.82 ± 0.15; foetal: 0.64 ± 0.45 **r=0.07 **C9,t11 CLA maternal 0.12 ± 0.04; foetal: 0.08 ± 0.04 **r=0.32 Serum: +ve assoc TTFA in maternal plasma correlated with TTFA in foetal plasma but not adjusted for any confounders () Case-control Individual TFA Individual FTA & mild Country: Germany N= 60, 28%M Age: 70y Cases: 30 Controls:30 Serum TFA: gas chromatography Comparison among groups done for gender, age, educational level and global **Pts with Alzheimer’s disease had significantly higher intakes C18:1 (n-7) vaccenic compared Serum: +ve assoc vaccenic acid and Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease Serum TFA (% total FA): C18:1 (n-7) vaccenic Controls: 1.96±0.3 2.26±0.4 C18:1 (n-9)t elaidic Controls: 0.04±0.02 Cases: 0.04±0.03 C18:2 (n-9)t linoleadic Controls: 0.04±0.02 0.04±0.01 cognitive level with controls P=0.0029 () Cross-sectional No TFA data Margarine consumption Asthma and allergy in relation to diet Country: Sweden N=1014, 51% F Age: Median 9 (5-14) y 114 subjects reported allergy intolerance TFA intake not measured Margarine intake: Consumption yes/no No=19% Yes=81 Dietary assessment: TFA not assessed. 7 question dietary questionnaire administered. Measured consumption of meat, fish, fruits, veg, fresh milk, fermented milk and fast food. Q’airre contained yes/no questions on 5 types of fat. Outcome dx: Current asthma assessed as current medication or attack in past 12 months. Additional Age, gender, 12 dietary variables (meat, fish, fruits, veg, fresh milk, fermented milk, fast food, butter, margarine, olive oil, rapeseed oil, PUFA) R’ship b/t consumption of margarine, respiratory symptoms and asthma OR (95% CI): Wheeze: 0.68 Daytime breathlessness: 1.23 (0.51-2.96) Current asthma: 0.79 (0.37-1.68) Atopic sensitisation: 0.86 (0.52-1.42) With regards to allergens: Among those consuming margarine, there were significant positive associations (P<0.05) between wheeze and dog and horse allergen levels, Intake: +ve assoc. in those consuming margarine b/t: respiratory symptoms, asthma and allergens.
questions on cat allergy, dog allergy, pollen allergy. daytime attacks of breathlessness and cat, dog and horse allergen levels, current asthma and dog and horse allergen levels. No significant associations among children not consuming margarine () Case-control No TFA date: Margarine intake Assoc b/t margarine & asthma Country: Germany Multicentre EPIC Cohort N: 525, 35% M Age: <50-≥60 y Case: 105 Control: 420 TFA intake not measured Margarine intake: (Median g/day, 33-66 percentiles): Cases: 1.0 (0-4.1) Controls: 0.3 (0-1.8) Dietary assessment: Self-administered FFQ- didn’t look at TFA specifically. Food intake data calculated from German food composition tables. Outcome dx: Physician diagnosed asthma based on clinical examination, skin prick tests, lung function tests. Age, fat energy intake, non-fat energy intake, BMI, smoking status, gender, educational level. Margarine intake was significantly higher in cases than controls: p= 0.029 ↑ vs ↓ tertile of intake: OR (95% CI): 1.73 (1.05-2.87), P for trend=0.05 Intake: borderline assoc b/t margarine intake and asthma. (p for trend of 0.05) () Prospective No TFA data: Margarine intake Intake of margarine Country: Germany LISA N=2582, 51 % M FU till babies were 2 y Dietary assessment: SFFQ. Parents were asked how often they used Study area, gender, maternal age at delivery, maternal smoking during Adjusted OR (95% CI) b/t exposure category & margarine: Eczema symptoms: 2 Yr: Intake: margarine +ve assoc. lifetime prevalence of symptomatic eczema, Dr dx eczema and allergic sensitization against inhalants.