AP Energetics Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? a. catalysis b. metabolism c. anabolism d. dehydration e. catabolism ____ 2. Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic pathways? a. They do not depend on enzymes. b. They are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions. c. They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers. d. They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers. ____ 3. Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. The entropy of the universe is decreasing. c. The entropy of the universe is constant. d. Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter. e. Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. ____ 4. For living organisms, of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics? a. The energy content of an organism is constant. b. The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment. c. The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity. d. Organisms are unable to transform energy. e. Life does not obey the first law of thermodynamics. ____ 5. Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics? a. Living organisms do not obey the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy must increase with time. b. Life the second law of thermodynamics because the decrease in entropy as the organism grows is balanced by an increase in the entropy of the universe. c. Living organisms do not follow the laws of thermodynamics. d. As a consequence of growing, organisms create more disorder in their environment than the decrease in entropy associated with their growth. e. Living organisms are able to transform energy into entropy. ____ 6. Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the
____ 41. Based on this information, which of the following is correct? a. Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and fumarate is the substrate. b. Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and malonic acid is the substrate. c. Succinate is the substrate, and fumarate is the product. d. Fumarate is the product, and malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor. e. Malonic acid is the product, and fumarate is a competitive inhibitor. ____ 42. What is the purpose of using malonic acid in this experiment? a. It is a competitive inhibitor. b. It blocks the binding of fumarate. c. It is a noncompetitive inhibitor. d. It is able to bind to succinate. e. It replaces the usual enzyme. The following questions are based on the reaction A + B  C + D shown in Figure 8.2. Figure 8.2 ____ 43. Which of the following terms best describes the reaction? a. endergonic b. exergonic c. anabolic d. allosteric e. nonspontaneous ____ 44. of the following represents the of the reaction? a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e ____ 45. Which of the following would be the same in an enzyme-catalyzed or noncatalyzed reaction? a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e ____ 46. of the following represents the difference between the free-energy content of the reaction and the free-energy content of the products? a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e
a. It allows for increased rate of glycolysis. b. It allows for increased rate of the citric acid cycle. c. It increases the surface for oxidative phosphoryation. d. It increases the surface for phosphorylation. e. It allows the liver cell to have fewer mitochondria. Use the following to answer the following questions. Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." These little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. If the membranes are agitated still further however, the ability to synthesize ATP is lost. ____ 124. It should be possible to reconstitute the abilities of the vesicles if which of the following is added? a. cytochromes b. NADH c. a second membrane surface d. more electrons e. intact ATP synthase Figure 9.3 ____ 125. The accompanying figure shows the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the combination of substances that is initially added to the chain? a. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water b. NAD, FAD, and electrons c. NADH, , and protons d. NADH, , and electrons e. Oxygen and electrons ____ 126. Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along this chain? a. Chemiosmosis is coupled with electron transfer. b. Each electron carrier alternates between being reduced and being oxidized. c. ATP is generated at each step. d. Energy of the electrons increases at each step. e. Molecules in the chain give up some of their potential energy. ____ 127. The parts of the figure labeled with Roman numerals symbolize what concept? a. different inner mitochondrial membranes b. different mitochondria functioning together c. molecules with different attached metal ions d. carbohydrate framework holding the molecules in place e. multimeric groups of proteins in 4 complexes ____ 128. What happens at the end of the chain? a. The 2 original electrons combine with NAD.
d. reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide. e. are coupled via phosphorylated intermediates to endergonic processes. ____ 153. The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is a. oxygen. b. water. c. NAD. d. pyruvate. e. ADP. ____ 154. Cells do not catabolize carbon dioxide because a. its double bonds are too stable to be broken. b. has fewer bonding electrons than other organic compounds. c. is already completely reduced. d. is already completely oxidized. e. the molecule has too few atoms. ____ 155. Which of the following is a true distinction between fermentation and cellular respiration? a. Only respiration oxidizes glucose. b. NADH is oxidized by the electron transport in respiration only. c. Fermentation, but not respiration, is an example of a catabolic pathway. d. Substrate-level phosphorylation is unique to fermentation. e. NAD functions as an oxidizing agent only in respiration. ____ 156. Most from catabolism is released during a. glycolysis. b. the citric acid cycle. c. lactate fermentation. d. electron transport. e. oxidative phosphorylation. ____ 157. If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with synthesized with heavy oxygen (), later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the label. That one is a. PGA. b. PGAL. c. glucose. d. RuBP. e. . ____ 158. Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle? a. and glucose b. and c. ADP, , and NADP d. electrons and H e. ATP and
b. using plants that can carry out both linear and cyclic electron flow, or only one or another of thee processes, and measuring their light absorbance c. using bacteria that have only cyclic flow and look for their frequency of mutation damage d. using bacteria with only cyclic flow and measuring the number and types of photosynthetic pigments they have in their membranes e. plants with only photosystem I operative and measure how much damage occurs at different wavelengths. ____ 194. Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants? a. They serve as accessory pigments. b. They dissipate excessive light energy. c. They cover the sensitive chromosomes of the plant. d. They reflect orange light. e. They take up toxins from the water. ____ 195. In thylakoids, protons travel through ATP synthase from the stroma to the thylakoid space. Therefore the catalytic "knobs" of ATP synthase would be located a. on the side facing the thylakoid b. on the ATP molecules themselves. c. on the pigment molecules of PSI and PSII. d. on the stroma side of the membrane. e. built into the center of the thylkoid stack (granum). ____ 196. do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place? a. stroma of the chloroplast b. thylakoid membranes c. outer membrane of the chloroplast d. electron transport chain e. thylakoid space ____ 197. What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? a. use ATP to release carbon dioxide b. use NADPH to release carbon dioxide c. split water and release oxygen d. transport RuBP out of the chloroplast e. synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis in plants. ____ 198. Produces molecular oxygen () a. light reactions alone b. the Calvin cycle alone c. both the reactions and the Calvin cycle d. neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle e. occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis