zilongwang/ReadingBank huggingface dataset:
stable over hundreds or thousands of years, even though populations may fluctuate (emphasizing availability of food, availability of shelter, number of predators and disease). population change? LAB! Population of bacteria DUE THURS full sentences! Thur Bio.2.1 Analyze the of living organisms within their environments. How delicate are species on our planet? -5 impacts on the environment -Finish population lab -review for test (5 human impacts) SCIshow version: REVIEW 2.1 and 2.2 -Put a STAR by the 30 you have no clue or are not sure -get answers from website -WRITE OUT 15 of them! Fri 12/1 Bio.2.1 Analyze the of living organisms within their environments. How are ALL living things “webbed“ together? TEST- ecology TEST- ecology POPULATION LAB and graph DUE Mon 12/4! -expect a quiz on HOW to do this lab!!! (Meaning, I will know if you just copied answers). WHY are cells small? 11/27/17 Monday -Dance room announcements -Turn in transcription/translation- turn off and turn in phone, progress reports!
-Notes: Ecology -Animal behavior video 11/28/17 TUESDAY Hand in Cell phones and any missed work Warm up= What is an invasive species? 11/29/17 WEDNESDAY Hand in cell phone and any info on climate change you obtained last night WITH YOUR NAME ON IT! Warm up= What is an invasive species? Lizard video Population notes Virtual lab: populations! DUE THURS #1-16 full sentences! 11/30/17 THURSDAY -Hand in cell phone and #1-16 -WARM UP= Secret student survey!!! -5 human impacts (10 min) -Finish populations lab! Turn in. -May work on test review when finished.
JUNIOR KING’S SCHOOL, SCIENCE DEPARTMENT GENERAL REMINDERS FOR ALL OF YOUR SCIENCES A few things to remember when you are answering questions: If you are asked to draw a diagram, use a pencil When labelling diagrams, use a pencil and a Don’t forget to use arrows, when necessary for example: To show the flow of energy in a food chain To show the direction of a light ray You are allowed to use a calculator for all of your science exams… ..BUT DO NOT FORGET TO SHOW YOUR WORKING AND UNITS AT EACH STAGE! When plotting graphs, use a sharp pencil and never use a pen On graphs, remember to label your axes, using an appropriate scale, and include a title Look carefully at any instructions about joining drawing a line through the points. Use a pencil for this. Look at the number of marks available for each question. If more than one mark is available, make sure you add sufficient detail by explaining your answer fully BIOLOGY REVISION NOTES FOR YEAR 7 These are the topics which may be examined after half term. They should be revised in conjunction with the relevant chapters in the Red textbook and your class notes. The Science exam will consist of one paper lasting 75 minutes. In it there will be three separate sections for Biology, Physics and Chemistry, each of which should take 25 minutes. CWL May 2012
Genetic Drift – Which condition of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium does genetic drift contradict? Genetic Drift – Define the following two terms. Describe how they relate to genetic drift. Bottleneck Effect – Founder Effect – Genetic Drift notes: Gene Flow – Fill in the blank ________ is the primary example of gene flow. Natural Selection – What is unique about natural selection compared to the other mechanisms of evolution? REVIEW – What is an organism’s Darwinian Fitness determined by?
Supplemental Instruction Iowa University Leader: Josh B. Course: BIOL 101 Instructor: Dr. Kowalko Date: 8/30/2017 REVIEW: Cell Structures – Match each organelle/cell structure with its function: _____ Plasma Membrane _____ Ribosome _____ Vacuole _____ Lysosome _____ Rough ER _____ Nucleus _____ Mitochondria _____ Cell Wall _____ Cilia _____ Smooth ER _____ Flagella _____ Golgi Apparatus _____ Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton Storage of genetic material Lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism Appendages that allow motility Protect and support the cell Separate cell from its environment – allow for transport of things into/out of cell Turn sunlight into usable energy Dispose of waste, digest food, recycles old cell parts Supports cell, maintains shape Transfers chemical energy into usable energy (ATP) Receives, sorts, and ships molecules for transport Modify/synthesize proteins for transport Synthesize proteins Stores water/other materials, provides cell structure
Energy – What is it? What is ATP? Energy: ATP: Laws of Thermodynamics – Describe the first and second laws of thermodynamics Law Definition 1st Law of Thermodynamics - - 2nd Law of Thermodynamics - Cell Membrane – Match the transport type to the appropriate definition: _____ Diffusion _____ Passive _____ Facilitated _____ Osmosis _____ Active “Natural” transport across membrane Makes use of transport proteins (no energy) Makes use of energy, goes against gradient Transport of water across membrane Transport down concentration gradient Cell Membrane – Notes:
Cell Structures – Match each organelle/cell structure with its function: __e___ Plasma Membrane __l___ Ribosome __m___ Vacuole __g___ Lysosome __k___ ER __a___ Nucleus __i___ Mitochondria __d___ Cell Wall __c___ Cilia __b___ Smooth ER __c___ Flagella __j___ Golgi Apparatus __f___ Chloroplasts __h___ Cytoskeleton Storage of genetic material synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism Appendages that allow motility Protect and support the cell Separate cell from its environment – allow for transport of things into/out of cell Turn sunlight into usable energy Dispose of waste, digest food, recycles old cell parts Supports cell, maintains shape Transfers chemical energy into usable energy (ATP) Receives, and ships molecules for transport Modify/synthesize proteins for transport Synthesize proteins Stores water/other materials, provides cell structure
Cell Structures – Match each organelle/cell structure with its function: _____ Plasma Membrane _____ Ribosome Vacuole Lysosome _____ Rough ER _____ Nucleus Mitochondria _____ Cell Wall Cilia _____ Smooth ER _____ Flagella _____ Golgi Apparatus _____ Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton Storage of genetic material Lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism Appendages that allow motility Protect and support the cell Separate cell from its environment – allow for transport of things into/out of cell Turn sunlight into usable energy Dispose of waste, digest food, recycles old cell parts Supports cell, maintains shape Transfers chemical energy into usable energy (ATP) Receives, sorts, and ships molecules for transport Modify/synthesize proteins for transport Synthesize proteins Stores water/other materials, provides cell structure
Inflammation – Define inflammation. Draw out the general steps of what occurs in inflammation. Immunity – Name three differences between innate and adaptive immunity. DNA Replication – Answer the questions about the following picture. Double DNA is wrapped around proteins called _________ to form _________. __________ is the material that makes up all of the __________ in our genetic bank. DNA/Genetics: Put the following terms in order of increasing complexity (relative size). (Hint: Ties are possible!) Gene Phosphate Atoms (C,N,O,etc.) DNA Nucleotide Base (A,G,C,T) Chromatin Genome Strand DNA Deoxyribose Codon Double Helix Chromosome
Q8 36 16% 49 31% 15% N N Q9 134 60% 115 74% 14% NA Y Q10 88 39% 94 60% 21% Y Y Q11 71 32% 97 62% 30% Y Y Q12 173 78% 115 74% -4% NA Y Q13 123 55% 113 72% 17% NA Y Q14 100 45% 98 63% 18% N Y Q15 75 34% 80 51% 18% N Y Q16 111 50% 76 49% -1% NA N Q17 79 35% 73 47% 11% N N Q18 110 49% 115 74% 24% Y Y Q19 166 74% 117 75% 1% NA Y Q20 120 54% 111 71% 17% NA Y Q21 94 42% 92 59% 17% N Y Q22 105 47% 121 78% 30% Y Y Q23 99 44% 107 69% 24% Y Y Q24 103 46% 84 54% 8% N Y Q25 76 34% 61 39% 5% N N 268 students took the pre-test and 144 students took the post-test. For Effectiveness Standard #1, scoring for six questions met the standard, nine did not and ten did not apply as pre-test scores were over 50%. For Effectiveness Standard #2, scoring for twenty-one questions met the standard and four did not. Use of Assessment Results: Department faculty met electronically and discussed the results of BIOL 2020 assessments. It was decided that the pre-/post-test was too long and had too many questions. Faculty will work together to shorten future tests to no more than 10 questions. It was also decided that having a pre-test earlier in the semester would produce more representative pre-/post-test differences. In the future, pre-tests will be available online during the first week of classes.
Week 1 6/5/11 Introduction Plant Evolution Read Campbell 16,17 Introduction Order book ASAP - you should have it by now - I sent out the information on 5/5. *Discussion board (due 8PM 6/9) complete all discussion boards through blackboard Plant Essay due before you take exam 1 (10 pts) Introduction Write a two page double spaced essay ion the topic "what is a plant?" How detailed? More than "a plant is a little green thing" but do not copy directly from outside sources. I want it in your own words, but incorporate all that you have learned about growth, reproduction, cells of plants etc .Plant Essay due before you take exam 1 (10 pts) Week 3 6/12/11 Plant Structure Read Campbell 31 Plant Nutrition/Nutrient Transport Read Campbell 32| Exam 1 Covers 16,17,31,32 and will be available 6/16 at 8:00 AM until 8:00 PM. I will not reset this exam after 8:00 PM *Chapter summaries plant essay, transpiration lab quiz, and exam 1 must be completed by 8:00 PM 6/16 Complete: Take the quiz on this lab under "assignments" in blackboard Week 4 6/19/11 Animals Read Campbell 18 Online
Chapter 52 Worksheet: Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University Leader: Shaelyn Course: BIOL 211 Instructor: Colbert Date: 12/3/18 Define a “community”. Fill out the following table: Type of interaction Fitness Effects Short-Term Impact Long-Term Impact Commensalism Competition Consumption Mutualism Give an example of commensalism. Give an example of competition.
** the chordate phylogeny consists of invertebrate chordates (cephalochordates) and vertebrates. What are some vertebrate characteristics? Pharyngeal pouches, dorsal hollow nerve cord – spinal cord, notochord, post-anal tail, vertebrae and cranium (in all adults) What is the function of the dorsal nerve cord in vertebrates? It conducts electrical signals that control muscle movement What function does the vertebrae and cranium serve in vertebrates? Vertebrae protects the spinal cord and the cranium protects the Which of the following statements about pharyngeal pouches in chordates are correct? Invertebrate chordates don’t possess pharyngeal pouches at any life stage. Pharyngeal pouches are absent in most vertebrate embryos Gills in fishes develop from pharyngeal pouches possessed by their embryos All of the above Which of the following statements about the amniote egg are correct? Young emerging from an amniote egg tend to be smaller and at an earlier stage of their development than young emerging from a non-amniote egg Emergence of the amniote egg enabled reproduction to occur in dry, terrestrial habitats Animals with an amniote egg tend to invest less energy in parental care than vertebrates possessing a non-amniote egg All of the above From what is it believed that the first tetrapod vertebrate emerged? From a species of lobed-finned fish, as a result of mutations and natural selection. What is an amniotic egg? Where the embryo develops inside a protective cavity surrounded by amniotic fluid. Cavity is called the amnion.
Converts energy stored as carbs to ATP Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of gene transfer in prokaryotes, and also explains why this process is important? a) Two cells join by a conjugation tube, the entire DNA molecule in one cell is transferred to the other cell. The cell receiving DNA now has much greater fitness than it did originally because the amount of DNA in its cell has doubled. b) Two cells join by a conjugation tube, part of the DNA molecule in one cell is copied and transferred to the other cell. The cell receiving DNA may now have a new combination of genes. c) One cell surrounds and engulfs another cell. Rather than the consumer digesting the prey, the prey cell takes up residence within the consumer cell. DNA of the prey cell is incorporated into DNA of the consumer cell. d) One cell surrounds and engulfs another cell. DNA of the consumer cell is degraded and replaced by DNA of prey cell. This process allows prokaryotes to replace nonfunctioning DNA. List heterotrophic bacteria characteristics: Prokaryote cells Unicellular or colonies Heterotrophs Cyanobacteria characteristics: Prokaryote cells Unicellular or colonies Autotrophs – chlorophyll for photosynthesis Remember it is believed that the first organisms to inhabit Earth was similar to modern prokaryotes (heterotrophic bacteria). What emerged next? Protists- plants- animals Which of the following statements accurately describes antibiotics? Antibotics are pathogenic bacteria that cause many diseases, including strep throat, Lyme disease, tuberculosis, and plague. a) Antibiotics are molecules, often derived from non-pathogenic bacteria, that kill pathogens by disrupting cell wall synthesis. Antibiotics are a group of bacteria that form mutualistic associations with humans (e.g., gut bacteria). Antibiotics are a group of bacteria that are used in pollution remediation, including treatment of wastewater and cleaning up oil spills.
#2 #3 #4 Ernst Mayr’s Resulting Influences – describe each, in your own words 1 2 3 Cell Cycle Checkpoints – name where they are and why they are important at those stages 1. 2. 3. Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis Feature Mitosis Meiosis Number of cell divisions Number of chromosomes in daughter compared to parent cells Number of crossing-over events
In animals, an individual consisting of diploid cells is the life stage which signals to attract a mate and determines whether the potential mate is compatible. What life stages typically accomplish these functions in fungi? Haploid hyphae Describe each of the following. Microsporidia Zygomycetes Chytrids Glomeromycota Basidiomycota Ascomycota -single celled -parasitic -reduced genome and lack functioning mitochondria -some are serious insect pest -primary soil dwellers -many are saprophytes and some parasitize animals or fungi -common bread mold and rot in frutis and veggies -most reproduce sexually -common in freshwater environments -motile gametes use flagella to swim -Primarily AMF -AMF are very important to both human and natural economies -includes ‘mushrooms’ -some can completely degrade lignin and digest cellulose, components of woody cells -club fungi -mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts -important decomposers of wood -sac fungi -form sexual spores in saclike asci -8 ascospores -important decomposers -some are pathogens Reproduction: Asexual - Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, or producing spores. Fragments of hyphae can grow new colonies. Mycelial fragmentation occurs when a fungal mycelium separates into pieces with each component growing into a separate mycelium. Sexual- Although there are many variations in fungal sexual reproduction, all include the following three stages . First, during plasmogamy (literally, "marriage or union of cytoplasm"), two cells fuse, leading to a dikaryotic stage where two haploid nuclei coexist in a single cell. During karyogamy ("nuclear marriage"), the haploid nuclei fuse to form a nucleus. Finally, takes place in the gametangia (singular, gametangium) organs, in which of different mating types are generated. At this stage, spores are disseminated into the environment. True or False: Opisthokonta (which means back flagella) is a monophyletic group composed of animals, fungi and choanoflagellates.
NO When in replication occurring? The S phase (synthesis phase) which is part of interphase What are the two gap phases? G1: first gap phase; occurs before S phase G2: second gap; occurs between S phase and mitosis Now put all of those steps in order, starting with the fist gap phase. G1 S phase G2 Mitosis Which lasts longer, interphase or m phase? Interphase What has happened in the picture below? the chromosomes just went through S phase and have been replicated! What has happened in the picture below and what phase are we in? the chromosomes have condensed; this is the of Mitosis (m phase) Complete the chart by saying what happens in each phase of Mitosis. Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase -Chromosomes condense and become visible in the light microscope. -spindle apparatus begins to form -start to see a breakdown of the nuclear envelope -formation of the mitotic spindle is complete -chromosomes line up in the middle on metaphase plate -centromeres split -sister chromatids are pulled by the spindle fibers toward opposite poles. Now that they’ve split they are -new nuclear envelope begins to form around each set of chromosomes -the mitotic spindle disintegrates -the chromosomes
c. It synthesizes the RNA primers used to initiate DNA replication. d. It joins the Okazaki fragments together. Nucleosomes: a. are DNA structures with histone proteins wrapped around them. b. are composed of DNA wrapping around core histones and linked together by a DNA linker region to which histone H1 is bound. c. are 30 nanometers in diameter. d. All of the above e. None of the above of the following statements about DNA replication is NOT correct? a. Leading strand synthesis is continuous, while lagging strand synthesis is discontinuous. b. Both leading and lagging strands are synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction. c. Leading strand synthesis is conservative, while lagging strand synthesis is d. Completion of the lagging strand requires ligation of Okazaki fragments. Table 12.1 is a table of codons from your textbook. Using the table above, translate the following mRNA sequence from the start codon to the stop codon (you need to find the translation start codon first): 5’-UGCCAUGGCACCUGACUAG-3’ Choose the correct acid sequence. a. Leu-Val-Arg-Cys-His-Gly b. Cys-His-Gly-Thr c. Pro-Trp-His-Leu_Thr d. Met-Ala-Pro-Asp Using the table above, translate the following mRNA sequence from the start codon to the stop codon (you need to find the translation start codon first): 5’-CCAUGGACGAACGCUGACG-3’ Choose the correct amino acid sequence. a. Pro-Trp-Thr-Asn-Ala-Asp b. Met-Asp-Glu-Arg c. Arg-Gln-Arg-Ser-Ser-Met d. His-Gly-Arg-Thr-Leu-Thr Let us assume that the transition of an insect from the larval stage of development to a pupa is controlled by the expression of a microRNA. Knowing the general function of microRNAs, what might be the possible role of the microRNA in this developmental process?
Biol 212 Worksheet: Practice Exam V Supplemental Instruction Iowa University Leader: Caleb I Course: Bio 212 Instructor: Kukday Date: 4/30/2017 What is the main difference between a strong and a weak stimulus? A strong stimulus causes a large action potential, while a weak stimulus causes a small action potential. A strong stimulus causes relatively few action potentials, while a weak stimulus causes many action potentials. Different sensory cells are responsible for strong stimuli than for weak ones. Stronger stimuli generate a higher frequency of action potentials than weak ones. Which of the following receptors is incorrectly matched with the sensory stimuli they detect? Nociceptors – distortion by pressure Thermoreceptors – change in temperature Chemoreceptor – presence of a specific molecule Photoreceptors – wavelengths of light Which one of the following is not a part of the human ear? Cochlea Sclera Oval Window Stapes What part of the ear contains hair cells that detect pressure waves? Cochlea Ossicles Pinna
Which of the following is a main difference between sporophytes and gametophytes? Sporophytes are diploid, while gametophytes are haploid. Sporophytes are haploid, while gametophytes are diploid. Sporophytes are found only in the winter, while gametophytes are found in the summer. Both a & c are correct. What is the name for plant “stem” cells? Carpel cells Peristem cells Meristem cells Growth cells is meristem located in plants? Tips of the shoots only Tips of the roots only Tips of the roots and the shoots Throughout the whole plant Base on the figure to the right, what would be the expected result if a mutant had B expressed in all 4 whorls (instead of just 2 and 3)? Sepal, Petal, Petal, Sepal Petal, Petal, Stamen, Stamen Stamen, Petal, Sepal, Carpel Carpel, Stamen, Petal, Petal Which of the following is not a part of a seed?
Can you identify protein structures that make up a myofibril? ----- Label all parts of the sarcomere below and identify the movable aspects: Dr. Kukday’s “Can You?” Questions: Locomotion & Motor Systems: Can you recognize how movement is the result of an interplay between multiple systems? Can you differentiate between cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle? Can you distinguish between the of skeletal muscle fibers? Can you analyze and interpret the data on the effect of changing expression on muscle type switching? Can you illustrate the steps in the cross-bridge cycle in skeletal muscle contraction? Can you predict the consequences of a in these steps? Can you identify protein structures that make up a myofibril?
Ecosystem Ecology Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University Leader: Maura Course: Bio211 Instructor: Biederman Date: 4/24/17 Review: Define a population, community and ecosystem, how do they differ? Fill out the two charts below: One on animal behavior and the other on the types of community interactions One Male Many Males One Female Many Females Four of Species Interactions Definition Example Commensalism Competition Consumption Mutualism Energy___________; Nutrients___________ Related to the question above: Why can’t energy do what nutrients do? How can nutrients do what they do? 3.If you wanted to measure net primary productivity of an ecosystem, what type of organism would you want to measure?
5’ CCG AUG AAC CUG GGU UUC AUC AGU UGA ACU GUU GGG 3’ Met Asn Leu Gly Phe Ile Ser the following DNA antisense sequence: 3’ ATG GGA CAG GGG AAC CAT TTA 5’ 5’ UAC CCU GUC CCC UUG GUA AAU 3’ What is splicing, what sections are kept, and what sections are discarded? Splicing is a post-transcriptional process. The introns in pre-mRNA are discarded and the exons are kept to create the mature mRNA strand. is a polyribosome? Many ribosomes on one mRNA coupling a reaction, an ___exergonic_______ reaction allows an ___endergonic______ reaction to become spontaneous. can multiple diseases appear from the same metabolic pathway? Different enzymes are affected at different locations along the pathway that have lost electrons have been _oxidized_______. Molecules that have gained electrons have been __reduced________. an arrow diagram that shows the transformation of glucose to ATP. Place the products before and after the arrows, and the reaction name above the arrow. Include the amounts of ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 made. *Note: pay attention to how many are made PER CYCLE
reads 5’-ATTAAT-3’ just like the original. This is a palindrome in DNA. Don’t get it confused with an English palindrome since they are not the same. A short peptide is shown below. Provide the following numbers. Amino acids used to make the peptide. 4 – Blue boxes. R-groups present. Also 4 – Same as the number of amino acids. Brackets. Peptide bonds present. 3 – Green circles. Hydrophobic R-groups. 3 – Same as the number of nonpolar R-groups since nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic. These will normally be towards the inside of the protein. First three amino acid R-groups. Polar and uncharged R-groups. 0 – Question 14 has an example of one, though. Charged R-groups. 1 – Last acid R-group. Know how to be able to do the reverse of this as well – be given two or more amino acids and make the resulting peptide. Which of the following is an example of a ribonucleoprotein? U1 Telomerase RNA polymerase Poly-A polymerase Multiple of the above U1 – a subunit of the spliceosome – and telomerase are ribonucleoproteins; proteins that contain RNAs. What can prokaryotes do that eukaryotes cannot? Couple transcription and translation. Splice mRNAs. Use promoter consensus sequences. Degrade viruses. Multiple of the above. They can do this specifically because they don’t have a nucleus. Coupling means the two can happen at the same time.