Friendly insects – Harmful (antagonist) insects in Agriculture : Due to changes taking in traditional agriculture and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, natural activities of some creatures are not occurring in nature. That is the reason for the loss of many useful creatures. It is important to feel think that the insects are part and parcel of agricultural environment. 75% of creation of earth are insects worms. Out of which 10–15 % only are harmful to crops. Remaining 60% are helpful to crops. Parasites and symbiotics in nature control the 15% harmful insects. If we protect (preserve) them, they naturally control these harmful insects. The insects that preserve the crops are called friendly insects and those that cause damage are called harmful antagonistic insects. In modern agriculture, highly toxicant chemical pesticides are so the friendly insects that are helpful to crops are also dying. Spraying pesticides aiming to kill the harmful insects but are attaining gaining immunity and friendly insects are destroyed. In turn, more and more losses incur. So stop using chemical fertilizers and follow natural traditional systems to save the friendly insects in the soil. . This provides a chance to increase the fertility in the soil. . There are some other insects in nature environment to control harmful insects. Let us discuss about them. Harmful insects on crops are controlled by . (a) Parasites (b) Symbiotics Parasites : Creatures depend on creatures to carry on their life cycles and for reproduction are called parasites. In agriculture, parasites continue (do) their life cycles in harmful insects that cause damage to crops so they are called friendly insects.
In olden days, natural agricultural methods were followed, so the problem of insects worms and diseases was not there. Now in modern agricultural methods high doses of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are using, so the problem of insects and diseases is more or high. Let us discuss know learn about different types of harmful insects and dangerous stages in their life cycles – controlling methods. Harmful insects that attack crops – dangerous stages in their life cycles – control. S. No. Name of the Insect The stage that cause damage Loss they attack Control measures 1 Pacha Purugu (Tel) Larva 20 days Holes to unripe fruits (buld) buds. Cotton, Bengal gram red, gram chilli, groundnuts, corn, maize, Tomato, Sunflower. Neemastram, Brahmastram, Agniastram, As a precaution once in 15 days spray dung urine solution and neemastram alternatively. 2. Talanatta Purugu (Tel) Larva 15 days Eats a way tender leaves stem, so plants drop head and buds, boss (tender fruit) fell down. Cotton, Lady’s finger, brinjal cron, maize. Same as above 3. Pogaku Purugu (Tel) Larva 20 days Damage the crops by eating leaves. Day time they hide themselves in earth and attack at night. Caster, ground nut, cotton Same as above
4. Gulabi Rangu Purugu (Tel) Larva 40 Days Dwell the flowers and berries (unripe fruit) and make them shapeless. Cotton, Lady’s finger Same as 5. Red Caterpiller 24 days Attack crops in throngs (groups) and eat away by biting Caster, groundnuts, Paddy, datura, wild caster. Same as above 6. Stem dwelling insect Larva 30 days Kullu, Tella Kanki (Tel) Paddy, Corn Same as above 7. Dasari Purugu (Tel) Larva 20 days Eats away the leaf except ribs Caster Oil Same as above 8. Branch dwelling insect Larva 20 days Leave the branches and unripe fruits dry Brinjal Same as above 9. Ullicodu (Tel) Larva 15 days Eats the centre part and make it hollow. Paddy Same as above 10. Aaku chuttu purugu (Tel) Larva 30 days Eats part of leaves Paddy, groundnuts Same as above 11. Unripe fruit (berry) root dwelling insect Larva 80 days Plants becomes dry and berry become hollow leave spots on unripe fruit. Cron, groundnut Same as above 12. Dwelling fly (Tender Larva 10 days Eats tender leaves Corn Same as 13. Pacha Doma (Tel) Adult and baby insects – 10 days Leaves fell down after folding. Spread Verri tegulu Cotton, Lady’s finger, groundnuts, Paddy etc.. many crops. Neemastram, Gum applied yellow plates. 14. White mosquoto Adult and baby insect, disease 14 days. Falling and folding of leaves and virus. Cotton, Tomato, Lady’s Finger. Same as above
15. Red bug Adult and baby insect – 8 days Leaves dried and stop growing viral diseases. Brinjal, cotton, red gram, chilli, tomato, Lady’s finger. Same as above 16. Tamara insect (Tel) insect, baby insect 8 days Plant becomes dwarf, viral disease Chilli, red gram, groundnuts, cotton, Lady’s finger. Same as above 17. Sudi Doma (Tel) Adult, baby 28 days Throngs of plant become dry spherically. Paddy, Ragi Same as above 18. 10 days Eats away the surface of the leaf Paddy Same as above 19. Stinky bug. Kampunalli (Tel) Baby insect 30 days Spots on grains or seeds. Paddy with the above measure weeding should also be done. 20. Penu banka (Tel) Adult insect baby insect 10 days. Suck the juice of leaves and leaves fold and stop growing, spread viral diseases. Chilli, cotton, Lady’s finger, bringjal, potato, sugar cane, cucumber etc… many crops. Neemastram or spray water with high pressure.
What is Annapurna :- Annapurna means a ‘Whole diet’ one should not think Annam is a mere boiling of rice grains. Annam gives all nutrients which are essential for all metabolic activities of man. Food materials taken by human beings should contain vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, niacin, calcium, iron etc. If the body get all these things then only we can say it is a “Paripurana Annam “(a whole meal) What is the importance of Annapurna: If we consider the past 10 years experiences of farmers, agriculture is not profitable. Life of farmers depending on below two acres agricultural land is impossible. Farmer who feeds others with all his effort and exertion is not in a position to fill his own belly. Main reason is the indiscreet use of chemicals, adding to it is weather irregularities. As we all know, low or very heavy rainfall, untimely rains, cyclones are part of it. Neelam, jal, pylene, ice….. whatever may be the name, all these are symbols of Nature's fury. These cyclones destroy the crops. So many of such bitter experiences are there for us. Now a days, it is quite common. Early or very late monsoons resulting untimely sowing of seeds. Sometimes ripened crops may not reach the farmers hands due to drought. Sale method is needed, to endure and sustain yields, of drought tolerant and excess rainfall. A model which is having all such qualities is Annapurana Model. Family can earn more than enough money to live but getting safe and healthy food materials in market is very difficult. Two members of a family work daily for one hour in fields gives exercise to body along with safe (protected) food crop. Annapurna crop provides a chance to have exercise to body and protected food crops for a family, if two members of a family work for one hour daily in the farm. Let us know the details about the model.