Snapshot World History – 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E. P E R S I/A N North America Settled chiefdoms Ancestral Pueblo (Chaco) Hopewell Hunting & gathering (foraging) Cultivation of Limited trade w/ Mesoamerica Shamanism Polytheism Nomadism Neolithic Village organization Large settled communities (cheifdoms) Turquoise production (Pueblo) large earthen burial mounds (Hopewell) “Semi-sedentary” villages & nomadism in eastern woodlands of America Ancestral Pueblo build small settlements (pit houses, Great houses) in the American Southwest (Chaco canyon) Hopewell mound builders built large settlements in the Mississippi R. Valley America Mesoamerica Mayan Teotihuacán Andean So. America Chavin Moche ruled) Mesoamerica Cotton & maize cultivation labor Limited trade Andean So. America Potato cultivaton (complex irrigation) Domestication of llama/alpaca Mesoamerica Polytheism Quetzacóatl (Sun God) sacrifice Andean So. America Polytheism Human sacrifice Use of hallucinogenic drugs Mesoamerica Urbanization Stratified society Warfare to capture slaves Andean So. America Urbanization Stratified society Mesoamerica Pyramid building Ceremonial building Mayan astronomy & calendar Concept of zero Obsidian, jade Cotton textiles Andean So. America Pyramid & ceremonial buildings Did NOT develop in major river valleys Emerged in with rugged terrain near coastlines (small streams & rivers)
Limited trade in Andes Sub-Saharan Africa Tribal governments Regional kingdoms “stateless” societies Foraging (San) Pastoralism Root crop agriculture (sorghum & yams) Trans-Saharan trade Ivory trade/ Indian Ocean trade network Polytheism Animism Kinship or lineage societies Spread of languages Beginnings of urbanization (Jenne-jeno) Iron working Bantu people gradually migrated east & south from homelands in present-day Nigeria & Cameroon; gradually populated east, central, & southern Africa Middle East/ North Africa Middle East Persian Empire Parts were ruled & influenced by Hellenistic & Roman Empires North Africa Kingdoms of Axum, Kush, & Ethiopia Middle East Cereal agriculture (grains) Trade w/ Indus Valley & Egypt Tax collection Camel saddle Wheel North Africa Cereal agriculture (barley) Salt/palm oil Trade with Rome Camel saddle Middle East Polytheism Zoroastrianism Judaism Christianity North Africa Polytheism Christianity Middle East Urbanization Stratified society Cuneiform Phoenician alphabet North Africa Urbanization Village life along Nile Stratified societies Heiroglyphics Middle East Persian philosophical & artistic traditions affected by w/ Greece North Africa Pyramids Persian Empire stretched from beyond the Nile R. Valley in Egypt around the E. Mediterranean through Turkey and parts of Greece, and then eastward through Afghanistan. North African civilization continued to flourish in the Nile River Valley Greek polis (city-states) Athenian democracy Greek trade/ colonization Silk Roads trade Polytheism Latin Christianity Urbanization Stratified Societies Slavery Greek drama Greek philosophy Ancient Greece located on a rugged mountainous peninsula b/t waters of Aegean & Mediterranean
Europe Hellenistic Empire (Alexander the Great) Roman republic Roman Empire Pax Romana Roman law Roads Decline of trade & learning after fall of Rome (476 CE) (Roman Catholic) Greek had different views on patriarchy (Athens vs. Sparta) Roman Patriarchy Hellenistic thought Greco-Roman culture, art, & architecture Seas. Lack of land for agriculture encouraged colonization Hellenistic Empire extended from Greece & Macedonia , through Egypt, the entire Persian Empire to Indus R. Valley Rome was situated on the Italian peninsula w/ geographic advantages not enjoyed by Greeks. The Empire encompassed all of Western Europe including the British Isles, southern Europe, Anatolia, Palestine, and North Africa Russia/ Central Asia Tribal governments Byzantine influence in W. Russia Chinese influence Migrations toward classical civilizations Pastoral Nomadism Trade facilitators Polytheism Animism Indo-European migrations Invasions of classical empires N/A Vast plains across Central Europe, Ukrain, & Russia
Southeast Asia Chinese influence due to expansion of Qin & Han Dynasties Root Fruit production (bananas, etc.) Trade w/ So. Asia Hinduism spread through trade with South Asia Buddhism brought by missionaries and East Asian pilgrims Urbanization Hinduism & Buddhism affected development of thought, art, and architecture Includes Indochina, Malaysia, and the many islands extending out into Pacific Ocean. Vast amounts of fertile land and a climate that enabled multiple growing seasons promoted population growth and produced plants and animals that could be exported to other regions – among them wet rice, soybeans, sugar cane, chickens, and pigs. Oceania Same as in Period 1 Chart