isolation of infected individuals vaccination (see 4.3.1.7). 4.3.1.2 to 4.3.1.4 Viral, bacterial and fungal diseases in humans Viral diseases include measles and AIDS, which is caused by the HIV. Viral disease cannot be treated with antibiotics. Bacterial diseases include salmonella food poisoning and the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea. Humans can also be infected with fungal diseases. Describe the symptoms, mode of transmission, prevention and treatment for measles, HIV and AIDS, salmonella and gonorrhoea. Describe colds and flu as viral diseases. Describe athlete’s foot as a fungal disease. 1 Small group project using ICT, researching to find out about the symptoms, mode of transmission, prevention and treatment for measles, HIV and AIDS, salmonella and gonorrhoea. Present findings in a table and illustrate with images of these microorganisms. Students prepare class presentations and fill out summary table for all. Carry out research and explain application of science and personal and social implications related to diseases. ABPI – Resources for Schools Microbiology Online/Society for General Microbiology – 4.3.1.5 Protist diseases – malaria Describe the life of the malarial protist. 0.5 Watch BBC video clip showing the effect of the malarial protest Carry out research and explain application of science and personal, social, economic and environmental BBC Bitesize – ABPI – Resources for Schools -
Malaria is caused by a protist transmitted by mosquitos. Spread of malaria is controlled by preventing the vectors (mosquitos) from breeding and by using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten. Describe the symptoms, mode of transmission, prevention and treatment for malaria. on red blood cells (see resources). Card sort key ideas into correct order, or use for ‘back-to-back’ or collective memory activity. Research the symptoms, mode of transmission, prevention and treatment for malaria. See links and BBC reports. Produce an illustrated report on the findings. Role play – Aid workers visit a remote village to help educate residents on preventing malaria infection. implications related to malaria. TED Talk – 4.3.1.6 4.3.1.1 Human defence systems The body defends itself against the entry of pathogens Bacteria may produce toxins that make us feel ill and damage tissues. Describe the body’s first line defences Explain how microbes make us feel ill and how viruses damage cells. Explain how the immune system defends against disease 1–2 Post it notes on a body outline to recap KS3. Label a diagram to show how the body defends itself against the entry of pathogens. Watch BBC video clip showing phagocytosis (see resources). Research how blood cells defend the body. Observe prepared blood smears using a microscope or bio-viewer. Draw the cells. Use models to represent phagocytosis and antibody specificity. Blood smears materials: prepared slides microscopes bio-viewers. BBC Bitesize video clips – BBC Bitesize –
If a large proportion of the population is immune to a pathogen, the spread of the pathogen is very much reduced. Interpret graph showing primary and secondary response to a pathogen (ABPI site). Consider the actions of Dr Wakefield and the MMR vaccine. Role play whether to give your child vaccinations. Interpret data about vaccination rates and reported cases of diseases, eg whooping cough, MMR. Spain has had its first case of diphtheria in nearly 30 years – additional example. Evaluate risk in relation to practical design and data review to avoid bias. Evaluate risks related to vaccinations. 4.3.1.8 Antibiotics Antibiotics, eg penicillin, are used to kill infective bacteria inside the body. Specific bacteria should be treated with specific antibiotics. The emergence of strains resistant to Explain how antibiotics treat only bacterial diseases and how this has saved lives. Describe the problems associated with antibiotic resistance. See 4.6.3.4 Explain the difficulty in developing drugs that kill viruses without damaging body tissues. 2 Describe the importance of antibiotics and the impact of antibiotic resistance. Explain how this has impacted on cleaning practices in Britain’s hospitals. Research MRSA and C. difficile infections and treatment. Suggest what patients, doctors and scientists should do to ensure we will have effective antibiotics in the future. Understand how scientific methods and applications develop over time. Evaluate personal, social and economic implications of antibiotics.
antibiotics is of concern. Antibiotics cannot kill viral pathogens. Discussion starter – imagine the world we would live in if antibiotics stopped working. 4.3.1.8 4.3.1.9 Painkillers Painkillers and other medicines are used to treat the symptoms of disease but do not kill pathogens. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin from the Penicillium mould. Give examples of painkillers and other medicines used to treat symptoms. Interpret data about painkillers and other medicines. Describe Fleming’s discovery and explain its importance. 1 Samples of medicine packaging to stimulate discussion. Role play: Pharmacist/patient giving recommendation based on symptoms (cards prepared or students’ own ideas). Brainstorm symptoms of diseases and medicines used to relieve symptoms and treat disease; names of some antibiotics. Watch BBC video clip about Fleming. Research work of Fleming and/ or Florey and Chain and discuss the impact of their work on society. Interpret data about antibiotics, painkillers and other medicines. Understand how scientific methods and applications develop over time. Evaluate personal, social and economic implications of drugs. Interpret data about antibiotics, painkillers and other medicines. Use secondary evidence from text books, the internet and other sources to draw a timeline. Samples of medicine packaging. Cards of common symptoms. BBC Bitesize – BBC Bitesize – BBC Four series –