C. Global Water Resources & Use Agricultural, industrial & domestic uses Surface/groundwater issues Global problems Conservation I. Earth Systems & Resources (10 - 15%) D. Soil and Soil Dynamics Rock cycle Soil formation Soil composition Physical & chemical properties of soil Main soil types Erosion & other soil problems Soil conservation II. The Living World (10 - 15%) A. Ecosystem Structure Biological populations & communities Ecological niches Interactions among species Keystone species Species diversity & edge effects
E. Natural Biogeochemical Cycles Phosphorus Cycle Sulfur Cycle Water Cycle Conservation of Matter III. Population (10 - 15%) A. Population Biology Concepts Population ecology Carrying capacity Reproductive strategies Survivorship III. Population (10 - 15%) B. Human Population 1. Human Population Dynamics Historical Population sizes Population distribution Fertility rates Growth rates & doubling times Demographic transition Age-structure diagrams
III. Population (10 - 15%) B. Human Population 2. Population Size Strategies for sustainability Case studies National policies III. Population (10 - 15%) B. Human Population 3. Impacts of Population Growth Hunger Disease Economic effects Resource use Habitat destruction IV. Land and Water Use (10 - 15%) A. Agriculture 1. Feeding a growing population Human nutritional requirements of agriculture Green Revolution Genetic engineering & crop production
Deforestation Irrigation Sustainable agriculture IV. Land and Use (10 - 15%) A. Agriculture 2. Controlling pests Types of pesticides Costs & benefits of pesticide use Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Relevant Laws IV. Land and Water Use (10 - 15%) B. Forestry Tree plantations Old growth forests Forest fires Forest management National forests IV. Land and Use (10 - 15%) C. Rangelands Overgrazing Deforestation Desertification Rangeland management Federal rangelands
IV. Land and Water Use (10 - 15%) D. Other Land Use 1. Urban land development Planned development Suburban sprawl Urbanization IV. Land and Water Use (10 - 15%) D. Other Land Use 2. Transportation infrastructure Federal highway system Canals & channels Roadless areas Ecosystem impacts IV. Land and Water Use (10 - 15%) D. Other Land Use 3. Public & federal lands Management Wilderness areas National parks Wildlife refuges Forests Wetlands Preservation
IV. Land and Use (10 - 15%) G. Global Economics World Bank Tragedy of the Commons Relevant laws & treaties V. Energy Resources & Consumption (10 - 15%) A. Energy Concepts Energy forms Power Units Conversions Laws of Thermodynamics V. Energy Resources & Consumption (10 - 15%) B. Energy Consumption 1. History Industrial Revolution Exponential growth Energy crisis
V. Energy Resources & Consumption (10 - 15%) F. Energy Conservation CAFE standards hybrid electric vehicles mass transit V. Energy Resources & Consumption (10 - 15%) G. Renewable Energy Solar energy Solar electricity Hydrogen fuel Biomass Wind energy Small-scale hydroelectric waves & tidal energy Geothermal Environmental advantages/disadvantages VI. Pollution (25 - 30%) A. Pollution Types 1. Air Pollution Sources - primary & secondary Major air pollutants
(25 - 30%) A. Pollution 3. Water Pollution Sources, causes & effects Cultural eutrophication Groundwater pollution Maintaining water quality Water purification Sewage treatment/septic systems Clean Water Act & other relevant laws VI. Pollution (25 - 30%) A. Pollution 4. Solid Waste Types Disposal Reduction VI. Pollution (25 - 30%) B. Impacts on the Environment & Human Health 1. Hazards to Human Health Environmental risk analysis Acute & chronic effects Dose-response relationships Air pollutants
Smoking & risks VI. Pollution (25 - 30%) B. Impacts on the Environment & Human Health 2. Hazardous chemicals in the environment Types of hazardous waste Treatment/disposal of hazardous up of contaminated sites Biomagnification Relevant Laws VI. Pollution (25 - 30%) C. Economic Impacts Cost-benefit analysis Externalities Marginal costs Sustainability VII. Global Change (10 - 15%) A. Stratospheric Ozone Formation of stratospheric ozone Ultraviolet radiation Causes of ozone depletion
Effects of ozone depletion Strategies for reducing ozone depletion Relevant laws & treaties VII. Global Change (10 - 15%) B. Global Warming Greenhouse gases & the greenhouse effect Impacts & consequences of global warming Reducing climate change Relevant laws & treaties VII. Global Change (10 - 15%) C. Loss of Biodiversity 1. Habitat loss Overuse Pollution Introduced species Endangered & extinct species VII. Global Change (10 - 15%) C. Loss of Biodiversity 2. Maintenance through conservation