No of seeds/hill 5 to 6 of sowing 5cm ( Common 40-50 kg / ha Seed rate) Depth of sowing – 5cm to 20kg/ha Fodder-75 kg/ha 7 Manures & fertilizers FYM or compost 10 to 15 tons/ha N P K local var. 50 25 25 kg/ha Improved and high yielding 100 50 50 kg/ha FYM /compost 6 to 15 tons N P K (kg/ha) Rain fed 50 25 - Irrigated 80 40 40 High 120 60 60 yielding (hybrids) 12 to 15 tons/fym N P K Kg/ha Rain fed 90 40 40 Irrigated 120 60 40 Fodder 120 30 20 8 After care Weeding – 2, hoeings – 3 Thinning & gap filling, 2 hoeings and 1 weeding Gap filling, Thinning, hoeings, weeding 9 Water Semi-aquatic plant, requires abundant water, optimum water requirement 90 to 130cm Rain fed crop, requirement 40 to 45 ha.cm., 4 to 5 irrigation at 15 days interval 4 to 5 irrigations 10 Harvesting Ears are ripened and is green moisture content of grain is 14 to 16% 100 to 120 days, matures in month of November or December Sheaths of cobs turn brownish and seeds become hard and dry 11 Early – 35 to 40 q//ha Mid late – 55 to 60 q/ha Kharif rain fed 8 to 10 q/ha 12-15 q/ha fodder Kharif irrigated 30 to 35 q/ha 40-50 q/ha fodder Rain fed 6.5 to 7.5q/ha Irrigated 17 to 18q/ha Hybrid 50 to 70 g/ha fodder irrigated 35 to 50 tons/ha
Hybrids (irrigated) 40 to 50 q/ha 60-80 q/ha fodder Rain fed 15 to 20 ton/ha 12 varieties duration-Karjat184, IR-28, Karjat 35-3 Medium duration – Jaya, sona, IR-8, TN-1, Padma, ACK-5 Long duration – Pankaj, Jagannath, Ratnagiri-68, Phalguna Kharif – CSH 1,2,3,4,5, MSH-33,37 Rabi – CSH-7R, , CSH-9R Improved Swarna, PV-504 (swati) Maldandi – 35-1 (Rahi) Fodder – Dagadi, Hundi, Kalbondi Hybrid – Ganga hybrid 1,3,5,101 Ganga safed-2, Deccan double hybrid. Composite Amber, Jawahar, African tall, Hunis. Cereal crops (Table No 1) contd….. Common name Bajara (Pearl millet) Wheat 1 Botanical name Pennisetum typhoideum Triticum species 2 Origin Africa South west India & Afghanistan 3 Climate Tropical, warm & Dry Cool dry & weather 4 Soil Poor sandy soil to medium soil, alluvial Desert to heavy soil, loamy textured, fertile. Well drained 5 tillage Ploughing, 2 to 3 harrowings 1 Ploughing, 2 to 3 harrowings 6 Seed & sowing varieties-
12 varieties Hybrids –HB-1,3,4. NHB-5, MBJ 110, WCC-75, RH RBH-8209, ICTP-8203 Improved-WCC-75, RHR-1 (Sangam) CMS-7703 Rainfed-N-59, Ajanta,NI-5439, MACS-9 Irrigated – HD 2189, HD4502 (Malvika), Sonalika, Kalyan, sona. Pulse crop (Table no2) Common name Red gram(Pigeon pea,tur) Bengal Gram (Harbara, Chana) Kidney bean (Matki) Green gram (Mung) 1 Botanical name Cajanus indicus Cicer arietinum Phaseolus aconitifolus Phaseolus aureus 2 Origin Africa Afghanistan, Iran India India 3 Climate Fairly moist and warm climate Winter(Rabi) Warm weather Warm climate 4 Soil Well drained, medium to soils Well drained to medium Sandy loam. Light to medium Fertile, well drained. Black heavy 5 Preparatory tillage Deep ploughing, clod crushing and 2 to 3 harrowings 1 ploughing, 2 harrowings 1 ploughing, 2 cross harrowings 1 ploughing, 2 harrowings 6 Seed and sowing i) Time of sowing Later part of June or early July Rabi season. 2nd week of Oct. Kharif, summer ii) Method of sowing Drilling Dibbling 2 to 3 Drilling Drilling Drilling iii) Spacing Early var – 45X20cm2 Midlate var – 60X30cm2 30cm 30cm or 45X10cm2 22 to 30cm
Late 75X30cm2 iv) Seed rate Mixed – 6 to 9kg/ha Sole – 15 to 20kg/ha 40 to60 kg/ha Sole 15 to 18 kg/ha Mix 4 to5kg/ha 18 to 20 kg/ha 7 Manure and fertilizer 6 tones/ha FYM 25kg/ha N 50 kg/ha P at the time of sowing 10 tons/ha fym Kg/ha N P K Irrigated 25 50 0 Rain fed 15 30 0 6 to 10 tons/ha N P K kg/ha 25 50 0 at sowing 3 to 5 tons/ha N-20kh/ha P-20 to 25kg K-0 at sowing 8 After care 2 hoeings & 2 weedings 1 to 2 weedings 1 to 2 hand weeding 9 1 to 2 irrigations 2 Irrigation Kharif No irrigation Summer at an interval of 15 days 10 Harvesting 120 to 125 days Early var130 to 170 days Midlate 180 to 190 days Late 100 to 120 days 125 to 135 days Early 60 to 70 days Late-100 to 110 days 11 Yield Mixed 2 to 8 q/ha Sole 10 to 12q/ha Rain fed – 5 to 6q/ha Irrigated- 10 to 12 q/ha 8 to 10 q/ha 5 to 6 Q/ha 12 Varieties Early-type-21 Prabhat,BS-1 I CPL-67 Chafa, N-59,N-31 Waragal, Deccan, B-P-N-9-3, Phule G-1,G-5 MBS-27, No.88 Dhule No.3-5 Jalgaon-781, Kopergaon,
Mid – BDN-1,2 T.Vishakha, Sharda Late – C-11, P.T.301 Tap-7, Common name Black gram (Udid) Cow pea (Chavli or lobia) Soyabean Pea (Watana) 1 Botanical name Phaseolus cataing Glycine max Pisum sativum 2 Origin India Central Africa Asia South Europe 3 Climate Warm season Warm weather Temperate crop, grows well in subtropical & tropical region Cool season, Rabi 13 to 18oC 4 Soil Light to medium Well drained loam or slightly heavy Light or sandy loam Medium to heavy 5 Preparatory tillage 1 ploughing, 2 harrowings Clean & smooth seedbed 1 ploughing and 1 harrowing 1 ploughing, 2 harrowings 6 Seed and sowing i) Time of sowing Kharif, Rabi Kharif – June-July Kharif and Summer Rabi 15th oct.
Yield 4 to 5 q/ha 12 to 15q/ha (sole) 10 to 15q/ha Mix 3 to 4q/ha Rain fed – 6to7 q/ha Irrigated – 10 to 15q/ha Varieties Sindkheda no 1 D-6-7, Udid-55 T-9 C – 152, No No 2-1, V -16,RC-19, K-11 VCM (F) Barsati, Russian giant Brag, Punjab-1, Soybean No.4, Monita, P.K.V.1, MACs-13, 57,58,124 PKV-472 Boneville, Early gaint, Khaper kheda, English wonder Oilseed Crops (Table No3) SN Common name Ground nut Sun flower (Suryaful) Safflower (Kardai, Kusum) Mustard (Rai, mohari) 1 Botanical name Arachis. hypogaea Helianthus anunsus Carthamus tinctorius Brassican juncea 2 Origin Brazil (South America) North America Abyssinia and Afghanistan European 3 Soil Well drained, light, loose, friable, sandy loam well supplied with Ca, and rich in organic matter to 7.2 Medium to heavy soils pH 6.5 to 8.5 Black cotton soil, loam and light alluvial soil Well-drained soils 4 Climate Tropical crop, requires long and warm growing season Cool climate, warm weather. Warm & sunny days Cool climate, drought, resistance Cool climate
Irrigated 25 50 - Rain fed 12.5 25 - General 20 40 - Or 100kg DAP/ha Assured rainfall 60 30 30 & irrigation Dry land 50 25 - 8 care Gap filling, 1 to 2 weedings tops of the plants are removed to encourage branching Thinning, two weedings and two hoeings 9 Irrigation Rainy season crop , 2 to 3 supplementary irrigation Summer – 8 to 10 irrigations Medium water requirement. No irrigation for kharif 10 Harvesting Growth period 100days, semi spread – 120 days, spreading – 150 days Maturity in 90 to 100 days 120 to 125 days Maturity – 75 to 100 days 11 Yield Erect or Bunch type 15-20 q/ha Semi-spreading Spreading (Irrigated) 30q/ha Oil content – 45 to 55 % Rain fed – 10 to 12g/ha Irrigated – 15 to 20 g/ha Oil – 36 to 42 % Mixed – 125kg seed/ha Pure – 500 to 800 kg seed/ha For dye purpose 100 to 150 kg of dried petals/ha Oil – 28 to 30% 350 kg/ha Good condition – 1000 to 1200 kg/ha Oil content – 25 to 33 %
12 Varieties Bunch - Kopergam no 3,SB-11, Faiz pur 1-5 JL-24 (Phule pragati). Sprading – M-13, TNV-1, Jmv-3 Semi- sprading – Kopergaon no 1, TMV-10, EC 68414, Morden, S.S.56. Surya, EC 69874 Hybrid – L.D.M, L.D.M.R.S.H.3, M.S.F.H-1,8,17 and 5-4 Local varieties Cash crops (Table No 4) Common names Sugar cane Cotton Turmeric 1 Botanical name Saccharum officinarum Gossiypium spp Curcuma longa Linn 2 Origin India Old world – India indo china and Tropical Africa, Southern Asia 3 Soil Medium to heavy, well drained pH-6.5 to 7.5 Well drained fertile medium black to deep black Loamy or alluvial soil, well drained, loose 4 Climate Tropical crop, Av mean temp 20 to 26oC Subtropical crop, Optimum temp – 21 to 27 o C tropical crop, hot and dry climate 5 tillage Two ploughings, 2 to 3 harrowings Deep ploughing, 2 to 3 harrowings Deep ploughing, 2 to 3 harrowings 6 Seed- sowing Season Time Duration in months
i) Showing season Suru Jan-feb 12 months Preseasonal Sept-Oct 15months Adsali July-Aug 18 months Kharif ,sowing time- June to July (Rain fed) March to May (Irrigated) Sowing method – Drilling, Dibbling, Broadcasting Optimum time. 15th may to first week of June Spacing – Ridges & furrows 60-75X 25-30 cm2Broad beds and flat beds 30X30 cm2 ii) Seed rate iii) Spacing 25,000 sets/ha in heavy soil furrows 105cm in light soil Rain fed seed rate spacing kg/ha i) Desi cotton 15 to 20 45X20-25 cm2 ii) American cotton 10 to 12 60 to cm2 ii)Hybrids 5 to 6 60X60 cm2 Irrigated i) American 7.5 to 8 90X60 cm2 ii) Hybrids 2.5 to 3 90X60 cm2 Mother set – 25 to 35 q/ha Finger set – 15 to 20 q/ha Depth of planting – 8 to 10 cm iv) Planting method Flat beds, ridges an furrows, long firrow, contour furrow, Trench, Rayungan 7 Manures & fertilizers Crop NP K Ka/ha kg/ha kg/ha Suru 250 125 125 Preseasonal 350 170 170 Adsali 400 170 170 Rattoon 250 125 125 Manure (T) NPK (Kg) Rainfed 1)Desi & American 7.5 50 25 25 2)Hybrids 7.5 80 40 40 20 to 30 tons FYM/ha N P K kg/ha 125 37 37
12 Varieties Co-290, co-419, co-740, co-798, co-7219 (Sanjivani) COM-7125 (Sampada) co-8011 Desi- AKH-4, AKA-2, American DHY286, AKH 081 Hybrid – PKV H-2, H-4, H-6, Laxmi Varlaxmi, Savitri Rajapuri and Karadi (Soni), Lakhandi, Duggiralo, gadhavi, alleppy, Kasturi, Krishna