Appendix 1. General references to monitoring methods and techniques Methods Technique Notes Suitable for species References and examples Breeding Dispersed breeding distribution Area count This can be applied in case of (smaller) waterbodies and fields. It can either include totals counted per area or use territory mapping. grebes and divers, waders International scheme for dispersed breeding species in Europe is the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS) General descriptions of the territory mapping can be found in Bibby et al. (2002), Gregory et al. (2004) and Gibbons & Gregory (2006). Transect This can be applied most typically in case of narrow linear waterbodies (canals, rivers) and in large, open habitats for species in low densities Waders General descriptions of transects can be found in Bibby et al. (2002)1, Gregory et al. (2004)2 and Gibbons & Gregory (2006)3. Scandinavian wader monitoring: Point counts Often used in common bird monitoring schemes focusing on passerines. Crakes vocalisation playback) and sometimes ducks (Finland) waders (e.g. in Norway) General descriptions of counts can be found in Bibby et al. (2002)1, Gregory et al. (2004)2 and Gibbons & Gregory (2006)3. Finnish transect for ducks:
UK Tern productivity protocol: Non-breeding Daytime waterbird counts Inland wetlands and high tide counts on estuarine sites On estuarine sites, it is applicable if birds can be counted when concentrated at high tide roosts – i.e. not hidden in e.g. mangroves, amongst rocks, etc. Multi-species – grebes, wildfowl, herons, waders, gulls The international general scheme for waterbirds across the flyway is the African-Eurasian Waterbird Census (AEWC) International guidelines UK Wetland Bird Survey protocol:
Daytime counts at feeding areas Counts of an area, often following fixed route and undertaken by car Certain geese, swans, certain grassland/farmland waders 5-yearly European Swan Census UK National Wintering Swan Census protocol: 5-yearly Coordinated European Golden Plover Counts Aerial survey of geese A & OJ Merne. 1988. Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis in Ireland, spring 1988. Irish Birds 3:
Population size Population Species Population AEWA Table 1 Season population separated from others Red List Status Breeding Non- breeding Breeding Non- breeding References to existing species or population specific international monitoring schemes Dendrocygna viduata West Africa (Senegal to Chad) 1 All I i Dendrocygna viduata Eastern & Southern Africa 1 All J j Dendrocygna viduata Madagascar All J j Dendrocygna bicolor Eastern & Southern Africa 1 All J j Dendrocygna bicolor West Africa (Senegal to Chad) 1 All I i Dendrocygna bicolor Madagascar All J j Thalassornis leuconotus leuconotus, West Africa 1 All D i Thalassornis leuconotus leuconotus, Eastern & Southern Africa 1 All D i & j Thalassornis leuconotus insularis All D i Oxyura maccoa Ethiopian Highlands All VU D i Oxyura maccoa Eastern Africa 1 All VU D i Oxyura maccoa Southern Africa 1 All VU D i
Europe/North-west Europe Cygnus columbianus bewickii, Northern Siberia/Caspian 1 Breeding G g Internationa Swan Census URL: Branta bernicla bernicla, Western Siberia/Western Europe 1 All G G Branta bernicla hrota, Svalbard/Denmark & UK 1 All G g Demy et al (2004) URL: Branta bernicla Canada & Greenland/Ireland 1 All G g All-Ireland Bellied Brent Goose Census URL:
URL: D - Baltic and North Sea management units Branta ruficollis Northern Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian 1 All VU G g AEWA Red-breasted Goose IWG URL: anser anser, Iceland/UK & Ireland 1 All G g Icelandic-breeding Goose Census URL: Anser anser Britain Breeding D d Anser anser NW Europe/South-west Europe 1 All G g AEWA European Goose Management Platform International Data Centre URL:
Anser anser anser, Central Europe/North Africa 1 All G g Anser anser rubrirostris, Sea & Turkey 1 All G g anser rubrirostris Western Siberia/Caspian & Iraq 1 All G g Anser fabalis fabalis, Europe/North-west Europe 1 G g AEWA European Goose Management Platform International Data Centre URL: Anser fabalis johanseni, West & Central to W 1 G g Anser fabalis rossicus, West & Central Siberia/NE & SW Europe 1 G g Anser brachyrhynchus East Greenland & Iceland/UK 1 All G g Icelandic-breeding Goose Census URL:
Anser brachyrhynchus Europe 1 All G g AEWA European Goose Management Platform International Data Centre URL: Anser albifrons albifrons, NW Siberia & NE Europe/North-west Europe 1 Wintering G g albifrons albifrons, Western Siberia/Central Europe 1 Wintering G g Anser albifrons albifrons, Western Sea & Turkey 1 Wintering G g Anser albifrons albifrons, Northern Siberia/Caspian & Iraq 1 Wintering G g Anser albifrons flavirostris, Greenland/Ireland & UK 1 All G g Greenland White-fronted Goose Census URL:
Anser erythropus NE Europe & W Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian 1 All VU S g AEWA Lesser Goose IWG URL: Anser erythropus Fennoscandia 1 All VU M g AEWA Lesser Goose IWG URL: Clangula hyemalis Iceland & Greenland (bre) 1 Breeding VU O i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 114 Clangula hyemalis Western Siberia/North Europe (bre) 1 Breeding VU O i Somateria spectabilis East Greenland, NE Europe & Western Siberia 1 All? D c Somateria mollissima mollissima, Britain, Ireland Breeding NT D i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 111-113 Somateria mollissima mollissima, Baltic, Denmark & Netherlands 1 Breeding NT D i
Somateria mollissima mollissima, Norway & Russia 1 All NT D i Somateria mollissima mollissima, Sea All NT D i Somateria mollissima mollissima, Black Sea All NT D i Somateria mollissima faeroeensis, Faeroe Is Breeding NT D c Somateria mollissima faeroeensis, Shetland, Orkney Is Breeding NT M c Somateria mollissima borealis, Svalbard & Franz Joseph (bre) 1 Breeding NT D c Somateria mollissima borealis, Iceland Breeding NT D c Somateria mollissima borealis, West Greenland Somateria mollissima borealis, NE Greenland Breeding NT D c Somateria mollissima borealis, Arctic NE Canada Breeding NT D c Polysticta stelleri Western Siberia/North-east Europe 1 Wintering VU O i
Melanitta fusca Western Siberia & Northern Europe/NW Europe 1 All VU O i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 120 Melanitta Sea & Caspian 1 All VU S i Melanitta W Siberia & N Europe/W Europe & NW Africa 1 All O i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 115-119 Bucephala clangula clangula, & Central Europe (win) 1 Wintering I i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 121 Bucephala clangula clangula, Europe/Adriatic 1 Wintering I i Bucephala clangula clangula, Western Siberia & Europe/Black Sea 1 Wintering I i Bucephala clangula clangula, Western Siberia/Caspian 1 Wintering I i Bucephala islandica Iceland All D i Mergellus albellus North-west & Central Europe (win) 1 Wintering I & O i
Mergus serrator North-east Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean 1 Wintering I & O i Mergus serrator Western Siberia/South-west & Central Asia 1 Wintering I & O i Mergus serrator W & SE Greenland All I & O Histrionicus histrionicus E & SW Greenland (non-bre) All D L Histrionicus histrionicus Iceland All D i West Africa 1 All D i Eastern & Southern Africa 1 All D i Tadorna tadorna North-west Europe 1 All? D i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 99-102 Tadorna tadorna Black Sea & Mediterranean 1 All? D i Tadorna tadorna Western Asia/Caspian & Middle East 1 All D i Tadorna ferruginea Ethiopia All D i Tadorna ferruginea North-west Africa 1 All D i
Tadorna ferruginea East Mediterranean & Black Africa 1 All? D i Tadorna ferruginea Western Asia & Caspian/Iran & Iraq 1 All? D i Tadorna cana Southern Africa 1 All D i Plectropterus gambensis gambensis, West Africa 1 All D i Plectropterus gambensis gambensis, Eastern Africa to Zambia) 1 All D i Plectropterus gambensis niger, Southern Africa 1 All D j Sarkidiornis melanotos West Africa 1 All D i Sarkidiornis melanotos Southern & Eastern Africa 1 All D i Sarkidiornis melanotos melanotos, Madagascar All D i Nettapus auritus West Africa 1 All D i Nettapus auritus Southern & Eastern Africa 1 All D i Nettapus auritus Madagascar All D i Pteronetta hartlaubii W Africa All D L
Aythya fuligula Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa 1 Winter I i Aythya marila marila, Northern Europe/Western Europe 1 Winter I & O i & o Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 110 Aythya marila marila, Western Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian 1 Winter I & O i & o Spatula querquedula Western Siberia & Europe/West Africa 1 Wintering I i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 107 Spatula querquedula Western Siberia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa 1 Wintering I i Spatula hottentota Lake Chad 1 All D i Spatula hottentota Eastern Africa (south to N Zambia) 1 All D i Spatula hottentota Southern Africa (north to S Zambia) 1 All D i Spatula hottentota Madagascar All D i Spatula smithii S Africa All D i
Spatula clypeata North-west & Central Europe (win) 1 Wintering I i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 108 Spatula clypeata W Siberia, NE & E Europe/S Europe & West Africa 1 Wintering I i Spatula clypeata W Siberia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa 1 Wintering I i Mareca strepera strepera, Europe 1 Wintering I i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 104 Mareca strepera strepera, North-east Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean 1 Wintering I i Mareca strepera strepera, Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa 1 Wintering I i Mareca penelope Western Siberia & NE Europe/NW Europe 1 Wintering I & G i & g Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 103 Mareca penelope W Siberia & NE Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean 1 Wintering I & G i & g
Mareca penelope Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa 1 Wintering I & G i & g Anas sparsa sparsa All D L Anas sparsa leucostigma, E Africa All D L Anas sparsa leucostigma, Ethiopian Highlands All D L Anas sparsa leucostigma, Cameroon, Nigeria All D L Anas sparsa leucostigma? Guinea All D L Anas sparsa leucostigma (maclatchyi), Gabon All D L Anas undulata undulata, E Africa Breeding D I & j Anas undulata undulata, Southern Africa 1 Breeding D I & j Anas undulata rueppelli NE Africa All D i Anas undulata rueppelli? Cameroon & Nigeria All D i Anas melleri Madagascar All EN D j
Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos, North-west Europe 1 Wintering I i Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos, Northern Europe/West Mediterranean 1 Wintering I i Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos, Eastern Europe/Black Sea & East Mediterranean 1 Wintering I i Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos, Western Asia 1 Wintering I i Anas platyrhynchos conboschas All D L Anas bernieri W Madagascar EN S i Anas capensis Eastern Africa (Rift Valley) 1 All D i Anas capensis Lake Chad basin 1 All S i Anas capensis Southern Africa (N to Angola & Zambia) 1 All D i
Anas erythrorhyncha Southern Africa 1 All D i Anas erythrorhyncha Eastern Africa 1 All D i Anas erythrorhyncha Madagascar 1 All D i Anas acuta North-west Europe 1 Wintering I i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 106 Anas acuta W Siberia, NE & E Europe/S Europe & West Africa 1 Wintering I i Anas acuta Western Siberia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa 1 Wintering I i Anas crecca crecca, North-west Europe 1 Wintering I i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 105 Anas crecca crecca, W Siberia & NE Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean 1 Wintering I i Anas crecca crecca, Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa 1 Wintering I i Tachybaptus ruficollis ruficollis, Europe & North-west Africa 1 All D i
Tachybaptus ruficollis capensis, Africa All D i Tachybaptus ruficollis iraqensis All D i Tachybaptus ruficollis albescens D i Tachybaptus pelzelnii Madagascar VU D i Podiceps grisegena grisegena, Europe (win) 1 All D i Podiceps grisegena grisegena, Black Sea & Mediterranean (win) 1 All D i Podiceps grisegena grisegena, Caspian (win) 1 Wintering I i Podiceps grisegena grisegena (balchashensis) Wintering I i Podiceps cristatus cristatus, & Western Europe 1 All D i Podiceps cristatus cristatus, Black Sea & Mediterranean (win) 1 All D i
Podiceps cristatus cristatus, Caspian & South-west Asia (win) 1 All D i Podiceps cristatus infuscatus, Eastern Africa (Ethiopia to N Zambia) 1 All D i Podiceps cristatus infuscatus, Southern Africa 1 All D i Podiceps auritus auritus, North-west Europe 1 Breeding VU D d Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 43-45 Podiceps auritus auritus, North-east Europe 1 Breeding VU D d Podiceps auritus auritus, Caspian & South Asia (win) 1 All VU D L Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis, Europe/South & West Europe & North Africa 1 All C i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 46-48 Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis, Western Asia/South-west & South Asia 1 All C i Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis, E Africa All C i
Himantornis haematopus Africa All V v Mentocrex kioloides berliozi All NT V v Mentocrex kioloides kioloides All NT V v Mentocrex beankaensis bemaraha? All NT D L Rallus aquaticus aquaticus, Europe & North Africa 1 Breeding V v Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 184-186 Rallus aquaticus korejewi, Western Siberia/South-west Asia 1 Breeding V v Rallus caerulescens Southern & Eastern Africa 1 All V v Rallus madagascariensis Madagascar All VU V v Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri, Madagascar All V v Dryolimnas cuvieri aldabranus, Aldabra All V v Dryolimnas cuvieri aldabranus, Ile aux Cerdes, Aldabra All V v Crex egregia Sub-Saharan Africa 1 All V v
Crex crex Europe & Western Asia/Sub-Saharan Africa 1 All V v Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 189-195 Rougetius rougetii Ethiopian highlands All NT V L Atlantisia rogersi Inaccessible Is All VU S S Porzana porzana NC Asia (bre) Porzana porzana Europe/Africa 1 All V v Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 187-188 Zapornia flavirostra Sub-Saharan Africa 1 All D j Zapornia parva Western Eurasia/Africa 1 All V v Zapornia pusilla intermedia, Europe (bre) 1 Breeding V v Zapornia pusilla intermedia, Eastern and Southern Africa, Madagascar Breeding V v Zapornia pusilla pusilla All V v Zapornia olivieri Madagascar All EN V v Amaurornis marginalis Sub-Saharan Africa 1 All V v Porphyrio porphyrio porphyrio All V i Porphyrio porphyrio madagascariensis, Egypt All V i
Fulica atra atra, North-west Europe (win) 1 All D i Fulica atra atra, Sea & Mediterranean (win) 1 All D i Fulica atra atra, South-west Asia (win) 1 All D i Balearica regulorum regulorum, Southern Africa (N to Angola & S Zimbabwe) 1 All EN D i Balearica regulorum gibbericeps, Eastern Africa (Kenya to Mozambique) 1 All EN D i Balearica pavonina pavonina, West Africa (Senegal to Chad) 1 All VU D i Balearica pavonina ceciliae, Eastern Africa (Sudan to Uganda) 1 All VU D i Leucogeranus leucogeranus Iran (win) 1 All CR I i Bugeranus carunculatus Ethiopia All VU D i
Bugeranus carunculatus South Africa All VU D i Bugeranus carunculatus Central & Southern Africa 1 All VU D i Anthropoides paradiseus Extreme Southern Africa 1 All VU D s Anthropoides paradiseus N Namibia All VU D s Anthropoides virgo NW Africa (bre) All D r Anthropoides virgo Black Sea Africa 1 Breeding D r Anthropoides virgo Africa 1 Breeding D r Anthropoides virgo W Central Asia (bre) All Grus grus grus, North-west Europe/Iberia & Morocco 1 Wintering R r Grus grus grus, North-east & Central Europe/North Africa 1 Wintering R r Grus grus grus, Eastern Europe/Turkey, 1 Wintering R r
Mycteria ibis Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding Madagascar) 1 All C i Mycteria ibis Madagascar All C i Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus, Africa 1 All C i Anastomus lamelligerus madagascariensis All C i Ciconia nigra Southern Africa 1 All D d Ciconia nigra South-west Europe/West Africa 1 All D d Ciconia nigra Central & Eastern Africa 1 All D d Ciconia nigra South Asia All D d Ciconia abdimii Sub-Saharan Africa & SW Arabia 1 All D p Ciconia microscelis Sub-Saharan Africa 1 All D i Ciconia ciconia ciconia, Southern Africa 1 All D d Ciconia ciconia ciconia, W Europe & North-west 1 Breeding D d
Bostrychia olivacea akeleyorum All D L Bostrychia bocagei SÃ£o TomÃ© All CR S s Bostrychia rara C Africa All D L Bostrychia rara W Africa All D L Bostrychia hagedash brevirostris All D L Bostrychia hagedash brevirostris (erlangeri), C & E Africa All D L Bostrychia hagedash nilotica All D L Bostrychia hagedash hagedash All D L Bostrychia carunculata Ethiopia All C L Plegadis falcinellus Sub-Saharan Africa (bre) 1 Breeding C j Plegadis falcinellus Madagascar All C i Plegadis falcinellus Sea & Africa 1 Breeding C c Plegadis falcinellus South-west Asia/Eastern Africa 1 None C c Breeding overlaps with the population
wintering in S Asia, wintering range the population breeding in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lophotibis cristata Madagascar All NT D L Tigriornis leucolopha W & C Africa All D s Botaurus stellaris capensis, Southern Africa 1 All V L Botaurus stellaris stellaris, W Europe, NW Africa (bre) 1 All V L Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 84-86 Botaurus stellaris stellaris, C & E Europe, Black Sea & E Mediterranean (bre) 1 All V L Botaurus stellaris stellaris, Asia (win) 1 Wintering ? i Breeding range overlaps with the population wintering in S Asia, but population estimate outside of the breeding season will be not possible for this secretive species. Ixobrychus minutus minutus, W Europe, NW 1 Breeding V L Garcia (2009)
Asia/Sub-Saharan Africa Ardeola ralloides paludivaga, Africa & Madagascar 1 Breeding C c Ardeola idae Madagascar & Aldabra/Central & Eastern Africa 1 All EN C j Ardeola rufiventris Central, Eastern & Southern Africa 1 All C j Bubulcus ibis ibis, Southern Africa 1 All C i Bubulcus ibis ibis, Tropical Africa 1 Breeding C c Bubulcus ibis ibis, North-west Africa 1 All C i Bubulcus ibis ibis, South-west Europe 1 All C i Bubulcus ibis ibis, East Mediterranean & South-west Asia 1 Breeding C c Bubulcus ibis seychellarum All C i Ardea cinerea cinerea, Africa 1 Breeding C j
Ardea cinerea cinerea, Northern & Western Europe 1 Breeding C i Ardea cinerea cinerea, Central & Eastern Europe 1 Breeding C i Ardea cinerea cinerea, West & South-west Asia (bre) 1 Breeding C i cinerea firasa All C i Ardea cinerea monicae Breeding C j Ardea melanocephala Sub-Saharan Africa 1 All C i Ardea humbloti Madagascar All EN C i Ardea goliath Sub-Saharan Africa All D i Ardea goliath SW Asia All D i Ardea purpurea purpurea, Tropical Africa 1 Breeding C j Ardea purpurea purpurea, West Europe & West Africa 1 Breeding C c Ardea purpurea purpurea, East Europe, Black Sea & Africa 1 Breeding C c
Sea, E Mediterranean Egretta garzetta garzetta, Western Asia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa 1 Breeding C L Egretta gularis gularis, West Africa 1 All C i Egretta gularis schistacea, Asia & South Asia 1 All C i Egretta gularis schistacea, Africa & Red Sea 1 Breeding C i Egretta gularis dimorpha, Madagascar All C i Egretta gularis dimorpha, Coastal Eastern Africa 1 Breeding C i Egretta gularis dimorpha, Aldabra & Amirante Is All C i Scopus umbretta minor All D i Scopus umbretta umbretta All D i Scopus umbretta umbretta (tenuirostris), Madagascar All D i
Pelecanus crispus South-west Asia & South Asia (win) 1 All NT C i Pelecanus rufescens Tropical Africa & SW Arabia 1 All C i Pelecanus onocrotalus West Africa 1 All C i Pelecanus onocrotalus Eastern Africa 1 All C i Pelecanus onocrotalus Southern Africa 1 All C i Pelecanus onocrotalus Europe & Western Asia (bre) 1 All C i Fregata ariel iredalei, W Indian Ocean 1 C c Fregata minor aldabrensis, W Indian Ocean 1 C c Morus bassanus North Atlantic 1 All C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 64-70 Morus capensis Southern Africa 1 All EN C c Sula dactylatra melanops, W Indian Ocean 1 C c Microcarbo coronatus Coastal South-west Africa 1 All NT C i Microcarbo africanus africanus, W Africa All C i
Microcarbo africanus africanus, S, E Africa All C i Microcarbo africanus pictilis All C i Microcarbo pygmaeus Black Sea & Mediterranean 1 All C i Microcarbo pygmaeus South-west Asia 1 All C i Phalacrocorax aristotelis aristotelis All C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 72-83 Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii All C c Phalacrocorax aristotelis riggenbachi All C c Phalacrocorax carbo carbo, Greenland All Phalacrocorax carbo carbo, North-west Europe 1 Breeding C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 71-77 Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, Northern & Central Europe 1 All C i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 71-77 Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, Black Sea & Mediterranean 1 All C i Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, West & South-west Asia 1 All C i
Phalacrocorax carbo maroccanus All C i Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus, Coastal West Africa 1 All C i Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus, Central & Eastern Africa 1 All C i Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus, Coastal Southern Africa 1 All C i Phalacrocorax capensis Coastal Southern Africa 1 All EN C c Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Arabian Coast 1 All VU C c Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Gulf of Aden, Socotra, Arabian Sea 1 All VU C c Phalacrocorax neglectus Coastal South-west Africa 1 All EN C c Anhinga rufa rufa, W Africa All C i Anhinga rufa rufa, S & E Africa All C i Anhinga rufa vulsini All C i Anhinga rufa chantrei All C i Burhinus oedicnemus oedicnemus, W Europe (bre) All D d Burhinus oedicnemus oedicnemus, E Europe (bre) All V v
Himantopus himantopus himantopus, Africa (excluding south) 1 D j Himantopus himantopus himantopus, Madagascar D j Himantopus himantopus himantopus, Southern Africa 1 D j Himantopus himantopus himantopus, SW Europe & Africa/West Africa 1 Breeding D d Himantopus himantopus himantopus, Central Europe & E Africa 1 Breeding D d Himantopus himantopus himantopus, W, C & SW Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa 1 Breeding D d Pluvialis squatarola squatarola, W Siberia/W Europe & W Africa 1 Wintering I i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 211 Pluvialis squatarola squatarola, C & E Siberia/SW Asia, Eastern & Southern Africa 1 Wintering I i
Pluvialis apricaria apricaria, Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Germany & Baltic (bre) 1 Breeding D d Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 210 Pluvialis apricaria altifrons, Iceland & Faroes/East Atlantic 1 Breeding D d Pluvialis apricaria altifrons, Northern Europe/Western Europe & NW Africa 1 Breeding D d Pluvialis apricaria altifrons, Northern Siberia/Caspian & Asia Minor 1 Breeding D w Pluvialis fulva North-central Siberia/South & SW Asia, NE Africa 1 Wintering I i Eudromias morinellus Europe/North-west Africa 1 All D d Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 206-209 Eudromias morinellus Asia/Middle East 1 All D d Charadrius hiaticula hiaticula, Northern Europe/Europe & Africa 1 Breeding D i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 203-205
Charadrius tricollaris Southern & Eastern Africa 1 All D i Charadrius tricollaris Lake Chad All D i Charadrius bifrontatus Madagascar All D i Charadrius forbesi Western & Central Africa 1 All D L Charadrius marginatus hesperius, West Africa 1 Breeding D L Charadrius marginatus mechowi, Inland East & Central Africa 1 Breeding D L Charadrius marginatus mechowi? W Coast Africa Breeding D L Charadrius marginatus marginatus Breeding D L Charadrius marginatus marginatus, SW African coast Breeding D L Charadrius marginatus arenaceus, SE African coast Breeding D L Charadrius marginatus tenellus Madagascar Breeding D L Charadrius marginatus tenellus? Coastal E Africa Breeding D L
Vanellus spinosus Black Sea & Mediterranean (bre) 1 All D d Vanellus tectus tectus All D d Vanellus tectus latifrons All D d Vanellus albiceps West & Central Africa 1 All D i Vanellus albiceps Tanzania All D i Vanellus albiceps SE Africa All D i Vanellus lugubris Central & Eastern Africa 1 All D d Vanellus lugubris Southern West Africa 1 All D d Vanellus melanopterus melanopterus, Ethiopia All D d Vanellus melanopterus minor, Southern Africa 1 All D d Vanellus melanopterus minor, Kenya, Tanzania All D d Vanellus coronatus coronatus, Eastern & Southern Africa 1 All D d Vanellus coronatus coronatus, Central Africa 1 All D d Vanellus coronatus coronatus, Africa 1 All D d Vanellus coronatus demissus All D d
Rostratula benghalensis South-Western Cape All D L Actophilornis africanus Sub-Saharan Africa All D i Actophilornis albinucha Madagascar All NT D i Microparra capensis Sub-Saharan Africa All D L Numenius phaeopus islandicus, Iceland, Faroes & Scotland/West Africa 1 Breeding D d Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 232-233 Numenius phaeopus phaeopus, Northern Europe/West Africa 1 Breeding D d Numenius phaeopus phaeopus, West Siberia/Southern & Eastern Africa 1 Breeding D d Numenius phaeopus alboaxilliaris, South-west Asia/Eastern Africa 1 Breeding D d Numenius phaeopus rogachevae, C Siberia (bre) 1 Breeding D d Numenius tenuirostris Central & SW Asia 1 Quasi extinct CR S i
Limosa limosa islandica, Iceland/Western Europe 1 Breeding NT D d Limosa limosa limosa, Western Europe/NW & West Africa 1 Breeding NT D d Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 229-230 Limosa limosa limosa, Eastern Europe/Central & Eastern Africa 1 Breeding NT D d Limosa limosa limosa, Asia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa 1 All NT D d Arenaria interpres interpres, NE Canada & Greenland/W Europe & NW Africa 1 Breeding I i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 239 Arenaria interpres interpres, Northern Europe/West Africa 1 Breeding I i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 239 Arenaria interpres interpres, West & Central Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa 1 Breeding I i
Calidris tenuirostris Eastern Siberia/SW Asia & W Southern Asia 1 Wintering EN I? i Calidris canutus islandica, NE Canada & Greenland/Western Europe 1 All NT I i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 215 Calidris canutus canutus, Northern Siberia/West & Southern Africa 1 All NT I i Calidris pugnax Northern Europe & Western Siberia/West Africa 1 None D i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 220 Calidris pugnax Northern Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa 1 None D i Calidris falcinellus falcinellus, Northern Europe/SW Asia & Africa 1 All D i Calidris ferruginea Western Siberia/West Africa 1 Wintering NT I i Calidris ferruginea Central Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa 1 Wintering NT I i
Calidris temminckii & West Africa 1 All D d Calidris temminckii NE Europe & W Siberia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa 1 All D i Calidris alba alba, East Atlantic Europe, West & Southern Africa (win) 1 Wintering I i Calidris alba alba, South-west Asia, Eastern & Southern Africa (win) 1 Wintering I i Calidris alpina arctica, NE Greenland/West Africa 1 Breeding D d Calidris alpina schinzii, Iceland & Greenland/NW and West Africa 1 Breeding D i Calidris alpina schinzii, Britain & Ireland/SW Europe & NW Africa 1 Breeding D d Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 219 Calidris alpina schinzii, Baltic/SW Europe & NW Africa 1 Breeding D d
Scolopax rusticola Canary Islands All S s Scolopax rusticola Western Asia (Caspian) 1 All S s Gallinago stenura Northern Asia & Eastern Africa 1 Breeding? D d Gallinago nigripennis aequatoralis All D L Gallinago nigripennis angolensis All D L Gallinago nigripennis nigripennis All D L Gallinago macrodactyla Madagascar All VU D L Gallinago media West Africa 1 Breeding NT D d Gallinago media Western Siberia & NE Africa 1 Breeding NT D d Gallinago gallinago faeroeensis, Iceland, Faroes & Northern Scotland/Ireland 1 Breeding D d
Gallinago gallinago gallinago, Europe/South & West Europe & NW Africa 1 Breeding D i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 224 Gallinago gallinago gallinago, Western Siberia/South-west Asia & Africa 1 Breeding D i Lymnocryptes minimus Northern Europe/S & W Europe & West Africa 1 All D s Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 221-223 Lymnocryptes minimus Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa 1 All D s Phalaropus lobatus Western Eurasia/Arabian Sea 1 All D d Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 240-243 Phalaropus fulicarius Canada & Greenland/Atlantic coast of Africa 1 All D d Xenus cinereus NE Europe & W Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa 1 All D i Actitis hypoleucos West & Central Europe/West Africa 1 All D d
Glareola pratincola erlangeri, coastal southern Somalia and N Kenya Breeding C c Glareola nordmanni SE Europe & Western Asia/Southern Africa 1 All NT C c Glareola ocularis Madagascar/East Africa 1 All VU C c Glareola nuchalis liberiae, West Africa 1 All C c Glareola nuchalis nuchalis, Eastern & Central Africa 1 All C c Glareola cinerea (colorata) All C c Glareola cinerea SE West Africa & Central Africa 1 All C c Anous stolidus plumbeigularis, Red Sea & Gulf of Aden 1 C c stolidus pileatus C c Anous stolidus stolidus C c Anous tenuirostris tenuirostris, Indian Ocean Islands to E Africa 1 C c Anous minutus atlanticus C c
Gygis alba candida, Indian Ocean All C c Rynchops flavirostris Coastal West Africa & Central Africa 1 All NT C c Rynchops flavirostris Eastern & Southern Africa 1 All NT C c Hydrocoloeus minutus Central & E Europe/SW Europe & W Mediterranean 1 All C i Hydrocoloeus minutus W Asia/E Mediterranean, Black Sea & Caspian 1 All C i Rhodostethia rosea High Arctic All D d Xema sabini sabini, Canada & Greenland/SE Atlantic 1 Breeding C c Xema sabini palaearctica Breeding C c Pagophila eburnea High Arctic NT C c Rissa tridactyla tridactyla, Arctic from NE Canada to Novaya Zemlya/N Atlantic 1 All VU C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 255-261
genei West Africa (bre) 1 All C i genei Black Sea & Mediterranean (bre) 1 All C i Larus genei West, & South Asia (bre) 1 All C i Larus ridibundus W Europe/W Europe, W Mediterranean, West Africa 1 All C i ridibundus East Europe/Black Sea & East Mediterranean 1 All C i ridibundus West Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa 1 All C i Larus hartlaubii Coastal South-west Africa 1 All C i cirrocephalus poiocephalus, West Africa 1 All C i Larus cirrocephalus Central, Eastern and Southern Africa 1 All C i cirrocephalus poiocephalus, Madagascar All C i
Larus dominicanus melisandae All C i fuscus fuscus, NE Europe/Black Sea, SW Asia & Eastern Africa 1 Breeding C c Larus fuscus graellsii, Western & West Africa 1 Breeding C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 252 Larus fuscus intermedius, S Scandinavia, Netherlands, Ebro Delta, Spain 1 Breeding C c fuscus heuglini, NE Europe & W Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa 1 Breeding C c Larus fuscus barabensis, Asia 1 Breeding C c Larus argentatus argentatus, North & North-west Europe 1 Breeding C c Larus argentatus argenteus, Iceland & Western Europe 1 Breeding C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 253 Larus armenicus Armenia, Eastern Turkey & NW Iran 1 All NT C c
Larus michahellis atlantis All C i michahellis Mediterranean, Iberia & Morocco 1 All C i Larus cachinnans Black Sea & Western Asia/SW Asia, NE Africa 1 All C c Larus glaucoides glaucoides, Greenland/Iceland & North-west Europe 1 All D d Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus, Svalbard & N Russia (bre) 1 Breeding D d Larus hyperboreus leuceretes, Canada, Greenland & Iceland (bre) 1 Breeding D d Larus marinus Greenland Larus marinus North & West Europe 1 All C i Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 254 Onychoprion fuscatus fuscatus, Gulf of Guinea & S Atlantic (bre) All C c Onychoprion fuscatus nubilosus, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, E to Pacific 1 All C c
Onychoprion anaethetus melanopterus, W Africa 1 All C c Onychoprion anaethetus antarcticus, Red Sea, E Africa, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea to W India 1 All C c Onychoprion anaethetus antarcticus, W Indian 1 All C c Sternula albifrons albifrons, Europe north of Mediterranean (bre) 1 Breeding D d Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 265 Sternula albifrons albifrons, West Mediterranean/ W Africa (bre) 1 Breeding D d Sternula albifrons albifrons, Black Sea & East Mediterranean (bre) 1 Breeding D d Sternula albifrons albifrons, Caspian (bre) 1 Breeding D d Sternula albifrons guineae, West Africa (bre) 1 Breeding D d Sternula saundersi W South Asia, Red Sea, Gulf & Eastern Africa 1 All D d
Chlidonias hybrida hybrida, Western Europe & Africa (bre) 1 Breeding D i Chlidonias hybrida hybrida, Black Sea & East Mediterranean (bre) 1 Breeding D i Chlidonias hybrida hybrida, Caspian (bre) 1 Breeding D i Chlidonias hybrida delalandii, Eastern Africa (Kenya & Tanzania) 1 All D i Chlidonias hybrida delalandii, Southern Africa (Malawi & Zambia to South Africa) 1 All D i Chlidonias leucopterus Eastern Europe & Western Asia/Africa 1 Breeding D i Chlidonias niger niger, Europe & Western Asia/Atlantic coast of Africa 1 Breeding D d Sterna dougallii dougallii, Southern Africa and Madagascar 1 Breeding C c
Sterna dougallii dougallii, East Africa 1 Breeding C c Sterna dougallii dougallii, Europe (bre) 1 Breeding C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 263 Sterna dougallii gracilis, Arabian Sea (Oman) 1 Breeding C c Sterna dougallii gracilis, Seychelles & Mascarenes 1 Breeding C c Sterna hirundo hirundo, Southern & Western Europe (bre) 1 Breeding C c Sterna hirundo hirundo, Northern & Eastern Europe (bre) 1 Breeding C c Sterna hirundo hirundo, Western Asia (bre) 1 Breeding C c Sterna hirundo hirundo, W Africa (bre) Breeding C c Sterna repressa W South Asia, Red Sea, Gulf & Eastern Africa 1 All C c Sterna paradisaea Western Eurasia (bre) 1 Breeding C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 264
Sterna vittata tristanensis, Tristan da & Gough/South Africa 1 Breeding D d Sterna vittata vittata, P.Edward, Marion, Crozet & Kerguelen/South Africa 1 Breeding D d Sterna vittata sanctipauli Breeding D d Thalasseus bengalensis bengalensis, Gulf/Southern Asia 1 All? C i Thalasseus bengalensis bengalensis, Red Sea/Eastern Africa 1 All? C i Thalasseus bengalensis emigratus, S Mediterranean/NW & West Africa coasts 1 All C c Thalasseus sandvicensis sandvicensis, Western Europe/West Africa 1 Breeding C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 262 Thalasseus sandvicensis sandvicensis, Sea & Mediterranean (bre) 1 Breeding C c Thalasseus sandvicensis sandvicensis, West & Central 1 Breeding C c
Asia/South-west & South Asia Thalasseus maximus albidorsalis, West Africa (bre) 1 All C c Thalasseus bergii bergii, Southern Africa (Angola - Mozambique) 1 Breeding C i Thalasseus bergii bergii, Madagascar & Africa 1 Breeding C i Thalasseus bergii thalassinus, Eastern Africa & Seychelles 1 Breeding C i Thalasseus bergii velox, Persian Gulf & Indian Ocean (bre) Breeding C i Thalasseus bergii velox, Red Sea & North-east Africa 1 Breeding C i Stercorarius longicaudus longicaudus, N Europe & W Siberia/S Atlantic 1 Breeding D p Catharacta skua N Europe/N Atlantic 1 All D p Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 244-250
Cepphus grylle islandicus, Iceland 1 Breeding C c Cepphus grylle faeroeensis, Faeroes 1 Breeding C c Alca torda, E North America, Greenland, E to Baltic & White Seas 1 Breeding NT C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 272-278 Alca islandica, Iceland, Faeroes, Britain, Ireland, Helgoland, NW France 1 Breeding NT C c Alle alle alle, High Arctic, Baffin Is 1 Breeding C c Uria lomvia lomvia, E America, Greenland, E to Severnaya Zemlya 1 Breeding C c Uria aalge aalge, Iceland, Faeroes, Scotland, S Norway, Baltic/NE Atlantic 1 Breeding C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 266-271 Uria albionis, Ireland, S Britain, France, Iberia, Helgoland 1 Breeding C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 266-271