Students learn to: Students: 3. Elements in Earth materials are present mostly as compounds because of interactions at the atomic level 3.2a. identify that matter is made of particles that are continuously moving and interacting 3.3a. analyse information by constructing or using models showing the structure of metals, ionic compounds and covalent compounds 3.3b. construct ionic equations showing metal and non-metal atoms forming ions 3.2b. describe qualitatively the energy levels of electrons in atoms 3.2c. describe atoms in terms of mass number and atomic number 3.2d. describe the formation of ions in terms of atoms gaining or losing electrons 3.2e. apply the Periodic Table to predict the ions formed by atoms of metals and non-metals 3.2f. apply Lewis electron dot structures to: the formation of ions the electron sharing in some simple molecules 3.2g. describe the formation of ionic compounds in terms of the attraction of ions of opposite charge 3.2h.describe molecules as particles which can move independently of each other 3.2i. distinguish between molecules containing one atom (the noble gases) and molecules with more than one atom 3.2j. describe the formation of covalent molecules in terms of sharing of electrons 3.2k. construct formulae for compounds formed from: ions atoms sharing electrons
Students learn to: Students: 4. Energy is required to extract elements from their naturally occurring sources 4.2a. identify the differences between physical and chemical change in terms of rearrangement of particles 4.3a. plan and safely perform a first-hand investigation to show the decomposition of a carbonate by heat, using appropriate tests to identify carbon dioxide and the oxide as the products of the reaction 4.3b. gather information using or secondary sources to: observe the effect of light on silver salts and identify an application of the use of this reaction observe the electrolysis of water, analyse the information provided as evidence that water is a compound and identify an application of the use of this reaction 4.3c. analyse and present information to model the boiling of water and the electrolysis of water tracing the movements of and changes in arrangements of molecules 4.2b. summarise the differences between the boiling and electrolysis of water as an example of the difference between physical and chemical change 4.2c. identify light, heat and electricity as the common forms of energy that may be released or absorbed during the decomposition or synthesis of substances and identify examples of these changes occurring in everyday life 4.2d. explain that the amount of energy needed to separate atoms in a compound is an indication of the strength of the attraction, or bond, between them Students learn to: Students: 5. The properties of elements and compounds are determined by their bonding and structure 5.2a. identify differences between physical and chemical properties of elements, compounds and mixtures 5.3a. perform a first-hand investigation to compare the properties of some common elements in their elemental state with the properties of the compound(s) of these elements (eg magnesium and oxygen) 5.3b. choose resources and process information from secondary sources to construct and discuss the limitations of models of ionic lattices, covalent molecules and covalent and metallic lattices 5.3c. perform an investigation to examine the physical properties of a range of common substances in order to classify them as metallic, 5.2b. describe the physical properties used to classify compounds as ionic or covalent molecular or covalent network 5.2c. distinguish between metallic, ionic and covalent bonds 5.2d. describe metals as threedimensional lattices of ions in a sea of electrons 5.2e. describe ionic compounds in terms of repeating lattices of ions