Capitalism fueled industrialization by Requiring inventors to file patents Encouraging entrepreneurs to establish businesses Giving the country many natural resources Ensuring all workers received high wages During the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century, farmers in the United States worked to increase their land holdings and modernize their equipment. A lasting effect of these changes was Higher prices for crops Increased rural population density A shortage of land for farming Greater productivity of farming In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, improvements in steel technology allowed architects to be design buildings taller than had previously been possible. As a result, skyscrapers began to be built in cities such as New York and Chicago. What was the result of this new technology on population patterns in the United States in the first half of the 20th century? Decreased growth of suburban areas Migration from the West to the Midwest Greater population density in urban areas Increased migration from urban to rural areas One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was A decrease in child labor An increase in demand for handicraft goods A decrease in immigration to the United States An increase in urbanization Which innovation extended the number of hours in a day that Americans could work and play? Bessemer Process Telegraph technology Refrigeration Electricity Which industry most spurred economic growth and innovation in related industries? Railroads Food Oil steel Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Improvements in agricultural production Increases in immigration from Europe Advancements in networks of railroad and streetcar lines. These changes led to the Rapid growth of urban areas Acquisition of overseas territories Elimination of large suburbs around many cities Movement of people from the urban to rural areas
Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s? Union were needed to guarantee a steady supply of workers Union membership was required for employment in new industries Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their large workforce Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays. The economic development of the United States between 1870 and 1950 helped produce the results shown in the above graph. The trend shown in the graph is associated with Increased urbanization Decreased immigration Advances in communication Reduced population growth As farms became mechanized, Immigrants bought more land More people become farmers Farmers moved to urban areas Farm workers became rural entrepreneurs What problem arising from U.S. industrialization did the progressive reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries want the federal government to address? Use of child labor in the workplace Unfair taxes on the wealthy Restrictions on the use of natural resources Lack of capital for railroad expansion In the late 19th century, industrialization led to harsh working conditions in the United States. Which policies of the U.S. government allowed such conditions to develop and later led to the growth of labor unions to correct abuses of workers? Laissez faire policies toward big business Antitrust policies toward monopolies Imperialist policies regarding territorial expansion Isolationist policies regarding international alliance As a result of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, progressive reformers sought government regulation of business in order to Control economic cycles of inflation and recession Provide money for public services such as schools and libraries
Railroads brought goods and people to America’s trade and manufacturing centers. Chicago grew as a meatpacking city. Philadelphia became a manufacturing center for steel and coal. New York grew as a thriving center for trade. Increased industrialization led to Improved sanitation and housing The elimination of the working class Improvements in the lifestyle of the working class An increase in the number of people working in manufacturing Corporations had the important advantage of Being run by an individual or family Developing into monopolies Reducing the financial risk for individual investors Keeping prices high Which argument supports the perception of big business leaders as “Captains of Industry”? Industrialists support for technology benefited the economy Monopolies forced small companies out of business Consumers were harmed by inflated prices Workers’ wages rose as industrialists profited In the late 1800s, workers tolerated poor wages because they Thought that the government would protect them Believed it had to get worse before it got better Could be replaced easily by other workers Were tricked by employers into taking dangerous jobs. Which labor leader began the AFL? Samuel Gompers Terence Powderly Eugene Debs Uriah Smith Stephens What was one result of the Haymarket Riot? Steelworkers’ wages increased Public support for unions grew. The AFL ceased to exist Membership in the Knights of Labor declined Labor unions formed as a way to help workers Find better jobs Learn more skilled trades Improve their working conditions Increase the hours children could work
How did federal government support employers during labor unrest? Called on the Pinkertons to stop strikes Denied unions recognition as legally protected groups Imprisoned Eugene Debs and other labor leaders for life Made company towns illegal As part of the garment industry, adults and children worked in small, crowded rooms called sweatshops making new clothes. Their hours were long. Their pay was little. Often the rooms were dark. What advantage were sweatshops to the textile industry? They eliminated textile factories They kept the cost of production low They employed only women and children They helped families create their own small businesses Industrialization affected the United Sates Through the growth of urban cities By encouraging westward movement Through the growth of small family farms By emigration from the United States to Europe In his article The Gospel of Wealth, Andrew Carnegie stated, “The contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us to-day…is not to be deplored, but welcomed as highly beneficial. It is…essential for the progress of the race.” Andrew Carnegie Believed in equality Promoted regulation of industry as a means to wealth Felt a class system was essential Believed that everyone should receive the same opportunities Government attempted to regulate business Through the Keating-Owen Act Through the Sherman Antitrust Act By calling for the establishment of monopolies By forcing railroads to create a fair pricing structure Labor unions grew in response to unregulated working conditions. Why, then, did strikes, such as the Homestead Steel Strike in 1892, result in a loss of support for organized labor? The strikes turned violent Immigrants refused to join labor unions Management agreed to better working conditions Labor unions banded together to form one large labor union
In 1906 Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Federal Food and Drugs Act. Both laws were in response to industry practices exposed by Muckrakers Political machines Corrupt politicians Company presidents The Industrial Revolution began in which country? France Great Britain Japan The United States Which was the first industry impacted by the Industrial Revolution? Automobile Electrical appliances Steel Textile Which of the following was NOT an effect of the Industrial Revolution? An increasing number of people worked in factories An increasing number of people lived in cities An increasing number of people worked on family farms An increasing number of people left the family farms Industrialization in the United States resulted in Politics not being affected by the economic changes Workers seeing no need to unite to form labor unions The transformation from an urban to an agrarian (farming) society The country becoming more urban than rural Which group of people made up the majority of immigrants to America before 1870? European protestants Scandinavian Catholics Chinese Buddhists South American Jews Which of these factors pulled immigrants to the United States? Lack of food Religious persecution Poor economic conditions Potential employment Which of the following was an important effect of industrialization on American society? An increase in the number of small farms A decline in international trade A lowering of the prices of many manufactured goods A decline in the economic power of the middle class
Which of the following societal changes was brought on by the Industrial Revolution? Coal miners moved out of the cities Rural folk moved to cities for factory jobs Farm wives gained a valuable source of income Seamstresses were promoted to management positions Cities had been built on rivers from the very beginning of human civilization. When the Industrial Revolution began, growing cities were often located close to what other resource? Farmland Oil wells Child labor Coal and iron mines The major feature of industrial cities in Britain was a growing population. How did population growth affect these industrial cities? Population growth created more jobs Population growth resulted in more schools Population growth encouraged migration to rural areas Population growth led to overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions At processing stations, officials met with immigrants to determine their medical condition and Legal standing Religious preferences Educational level Political beliefs Certain conditions workers faced in growing industries led them to form labor unions. Which of the following conditions was most responsible for the growth of unions? Long hours and low wages in industry Women in the workforce Lack of skilled jobs in factories Violence in the workplace Industrialization began in northeastern Europe, but later spread to the rest of the world. This expansion was the result of Improved transportation Better working conditions A ban on child labor Reliance on a family-based economy Which of the following provided Americanization programs for new immigrants? Congress Settlement houses Ghettoes Trade unions The first reliable streetcars were powered by Electricity Coal Animals Gasoline
Most Midwestern cities were established near Mountains Water Skyscrapers Manufacturing plants Zoning laws were designed primarily to Encourage growth of heavy industry Separate functions within a city Create immigrant ghettoes Protect water from pollutants Even though unlit city streets were dangerous, Most city planners did nothing about it Professional police officers refused to patrol them Factory workers had to travel to and from work in the dark City governments rejected electric streetlights The middle-class lifestyle of the Gilded Age featured A return to classical ideals A reflection of rural values A new emphasis on acquiring goods Renewed interest in controlling journalists Consumption patterns were most influenced by Advertising Transportation New educational theories Special-interest newspapers After the Civil War, the cost of living decreased because Consumers wanted imported goods Sanitation and medical care improved Men took public transportation to work Technology made manufacturing more efficient Factors that lead to the urbanization of America - Millions of new factory jobs due to industrialization - Growth of the Railroad Network - ??? Which of the following factors should be added to the list above? Dollar diplomacy Women’s suffrage The Spanish-American War Influx of immigrants Which of these encouraged industrialization to move from the eastern part of the United States to the West? Subways Labor Unions Muckrakers Railroads In addition to championing Prohibition and women’s suffrage, the Progressive Party called for an end to--- Direct elections Child Labor Labor Unions Unregulated immigration