Stephen d’Esterhazy James Duffy Alan Glabe Reza Lorestany Carolyn Lozo Alexander “Lex” Mitchell Manisha Singh Also, thanks to: Christopher Newton Ron Oineza Chan Pham Marcie Pullman Jose Saldana Katrina Sideco Susan Solarz TABLE OF CONTENTS
Fermentation process: yeast, liquefaction, beerwell, and process condensate tanks Emission limit corresponding to use of a VOC control system capable of 99.5% or better control efficiency Distillation and wet cake processes Emission limit corresponding to use of a VOC control system (wet scrubber or equivalent) capable of 95% or better control efficiency Pumps and compressor seals No leak of methane greater than 100 ppm above background and inspection and maintenance program Valves, flanges, and other types of connectors No leak of methane greater than 100 ppm above background and inspection and maintenance program Storage tank (fixed roof) Emission limit corresponding to use of a VOC control system capable of
99.5% or better control efficiency Storage tank (floating roof) Emission limit corresponding to use of a VOC control system capable of 98% or better control efficiency Liquid fuel loading operations Emission limit corresponding to use of a VOC control system capable of 98% or better control efficiency Liquid fuel transfer and dispensing operations Emission limit corresponding to use of an ARB certified Phase I vapor recovery system
9 ppmvd @ 15% O2 (or 0.15 g/bhp-hr) Biogas-fired turbine, <3 MW 9 ppmvd @ 15% O2 60 ppmvd @ 15% O2 3.5 ppmvd @ 15% O2 Landfill gas: Emission limit corresponding to use of landfill gas with sulfur content of no more than 150 ppmv as H2S Digester gas: Emission limit corresponding to use of digester gas with sulfur content of no more than 40 ppmv as H2S Emission limit corresponding to use of a fuel gas pretreatment system for particulate removal Biogas-fired turbine, ≥3 MW 5 ppmvd @ 15% O2 Biomass reciprocating internal combustion engine 5 ppmvd @ 15% O2 N/A 25 ppmvd @ 15% O2 N/A N/A Diesel-fueled emergency engine generator Engine meeting emission standards of ARB’s Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary Compression Ignition Engines for applicable horsepower range Engine meeting emission standards of ARB’s Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary Compression Ignition Engines for applicable horsepower range Engine meeting emission standards of ARB’s Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary Compression Ignition Engines for applicable horsepower range Emission limit corresponding to use of CARB, or very low sulfur, diesel fuel (15 ppm sulfur by weight) Engine meeting emission standards of ARB’s Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary Compression Ignition Engines for applicable horsepower range Table 3. Most Stringent Emission Limits Identified for Process Equipment at Biorefineries – Miscellaneous Sources
Class/Category of Source NOx CO VOC SOx PM10 Grain receiving, conveying, and grinding operations Emission limit corresponding to use of a baghouse with 99% control, or equivalent Wet cooling tower Emission limit corresponding to use of a drift eliminator with 0.0005% drift loss Compressed gas dispensing operations No emissions – use of closed loop system with all vent and excess process gas directed to an on site treatment system, used in vehicles, or directed to another combustion or processing facility that can process the biogas and which has been issued a valid air permit Biogas-fueled fuel cell 0.5 lb/MWh Alternate Limit: 0.07 lb/MWh 6.0 lb/MWh Alternate Limit: 0.10 lb/MWh 1.0 lb/MWh Alternate Limit: 0.02 lb/MWh N/A N/A Composting Emission limit corresponding to use of a VOC control system (enclosure with biofilter or equivalent) capable of 80% or better control efficiency Ammonia: Emission limit corresponding to use of an NH3 control system capable of 80% or better control efficiency Emission limit corresponding to use of a PM10 control system capable of 99% or better control efficiency