EU European Union EUSR EU Special Representative FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GIZ The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH GFPD Global Program on Forced Displacement HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HoA Horn of Africa ICGLR International Conference on the Great Lakes Region ICT Information and Communications Technology IDA International Development Association IsDB Islamic Development Bank IDDRSI IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative IDP Internally Displaced Person IFC International Finance Corporation IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development ISN Interim Strategy Note ISSP IGAD Security Sector Programme JFA Joint Financial Arrangement LRA Lord’s Resistance Army MDTF Multidonor Trust Fund MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency ML/TF Money laundering/terrorist financing NGO Nongovernmental Organization OFID The OPEC Fund for International Development PPP Public-private Partnership PRG Partial Risk Guarantee PSC Peace and Security Council (African Union) PSCF Peace, Security and Coordination Framework (Great Lakes) REC Regional Economic Community RFA Regional Fragility Assessment RPLRP Regional Pastoral Livelihoods Resilience Project SADC SALW Small Arms and Light Weapons SMEs Small and Medium-sized enterprises STI Sexually Transmitted Infection TB Pulmonary Tuberculosis TBC To Be Confirmed UEMOA West African Monetary Union UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
EU OFID WBG IsDB Ports development Regional road missing links Ports development Kenya – S Sudan Road Phase 1 Ports development Ethiopia, Ethiopia – Djibouti Djibouti Ethiopia, Kenya Djibouti South Sudan Djibouti Uganda, Sudan ICT WBG National broadband expansion and Kenya Energy generation & transmission OFID WBG AfDB EU Generation Kenya – Ethiopia Interconnector Kenya-Ethiopia Interconnector Generation and transmission Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Djibouti Kenya – Ethiopia Kenya – Ethiopia Ethiopia Environment & water resource management IsDB OFID Multiple donors EU UNDP WBG, FAO, UNDP, UNEP, AfDB, EU REDD Africa Program to Reduce Deforestation and Forest Degradation Dam construction Dam construction Nile Basin Initiative Sewage treatment and waste disposal Drought resilience and land use TerrAfrica Sustainable Land Management Program FAO, UNDP, UNEP, EU Sudan Somalia Nile riparian states Djibouti Multiple countries Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, and pipeline Kenya-South Sudan Forced displacement UNDP UNHCR UNFPA UNICEF EU Support to refugees Budget of$1.2bn Livelihood support to communities and displaced populations Multiple countries Sudan
connectivity Forced displacement of IDPs and refugees in the Sahel AAA – completed Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger Forced displacement Analysis of Sahel displacement situation and development needs Forced displacement in the Horn of Africa AAA – ongoing Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti Forced displacement Regional study with UNHCR to assess situation and inform development operations Economic integration & stability in the Tamazuj region Concept note Sudan – South Sudan Trade & community governance Parallel and coordinated development for integration and stability. Infrastructure, access to finance (mobile), technical and vocational training and cross border policy harmonization Value chain support project Project – approved May 2014 Chad Value chains Improvement of cross-border trading business environment, with focus on meat and dairy sub-sectors Which borders? Much of the literature on borderlands in Africa resides in the academic sphere with little written on examples of practical implementation or on the typology of borders. There exists substantial academic research on borderlands and cross-border affairs and a growing literature on African issues. Research initiatives such as Border Regions in Transition, the Association for Borderlands Studies and specialist research centers such as International Boundaries Research Unit (Durham University) and Centre for International Borders Research (Queen’s University Belfast) are all active in this field. In the Great Lakes region, the NGO International Alert has undertaken a number of policy studies into the functioning of the DRC’s borders for the WBG. In the absence a border typology, an initial internal analysis has looked into two main areas: (i) regional connectivity, and (ii) the level of vulnerability. These two main categories were then broken down into a number of sub-categories as can be seen in Table 2 based on publicly available data and indicators. Table 2: Criteria used in ranking border areas Level of Vulnerability Regional Connectivity Vulnerability Insecurity Structural collaboration Trans-border trade Economic potential Government openness Population density Adult Literacy Refugee/IDPs Poverty Rate Demographic Pressures Perceived criminality in society State legitimacy Security apparatus Group grievance Neighboring country relations Membership to RECs trade Status of trade Market access Relative importance of trade to the border area Existing infrastructure Natural resources Potential for economic growth Client perception