14 14 14 34 36 36 37 38 40 Acronyms ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation ADF&G APDES Alaska Department of Fish and Game Alaska Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ASFDB Alaska Subsistence Fisheries Database U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Bristol Bay Area Health Corporation CSIS Community Subsistence Information System CWA Water Act DDT DHSS Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane Alaska Department of Health and Social Services DOE U.S. Department of Energy EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FCR Fish Consumption Rate FFQ Food Frequency Questionnaire FMRs Fishery Management Reports g/day HHC per day Human health criteria IHS U.S. Indian Health Service
Table 1. Literature Summary Matrix of Dietary Survey Information Title Author Year Data Collection Method Study Location Average Fish Intake Other Findings The Final Report on the Alaska Traditional Diet Survey Alaska Native Health Board and the Alaska Native Epidemiology Center of the Alaska Native Health Board 2002 Dietary Survey (in person interview) 13 Villages throughout Alaska Reported per person median and maximum fish consumption in pounds for each region. Evaluation of Seafood and Plant Data Collected from Cook Inlet near Native Villages of Port Graham, Nanwalek, Seldovia and Tyonek, Alaska Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Assessment and Consultation 2009 Food Frequency Interviews Port Graham, AK 142-256 g/day (teens and adults averaged) Investigation into Potential Exposures to Mercury in Small Scale and Recreational Mining – 2012 Alaska Department of Health and Social Services 2012 Exposure Questionnaire (administered in Person) Nome, AK Results of questionnaire not presented in report. Dietary Intake of Alaska People in Two Regions and Implications of Health Johnson et al. Four 24-hour dietary recalls (in person interview) Region and Maniilaq Region Data presented describes food type as a percentage of total calories consumed. Seafood as Local Food: Food Security and Loring, Gerlach & Harrison Mail Survey Kenai Peninsula Survey describes the percent of the population 2004
Locally Caught Seafood in Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula that harvests and consumes fish The Diet of Alaska Native adults: Nobmann et al. 1992 Five 24-hour Dietary Recall Surveys (in person interview) 11 Alaska Native communities throughout AK 109 g/day (fish and shellfish) Assessment of Cook Inlet Tribe Subsistence Consumption Seldovia Village Tribe Environmental Department 2012 Dietary Recall Survey (in person interview) Seldovia, Port Graham Nanwalek and Tyonek 94.8 (+/- 23.5) g/day Amchitka Island, Alaska, Biological Monitoring Report 2011 Sampling Results U.S. Department of Energy Secondary data Atka, Nikolski,Unalaska, and St. Paul, Composite Diet 100 g/day St. Paul (min) 10/g day Nikolski (max) 520 g/day 1999
than that of the general U.S. population, and that fish and seafood consumption varies between the two study regions. Although information on fish consumption by species and volume are not reported, the dietary intake measurements collected during the recalls likely contain information that may be useful for the development of a FCR for the specific regions studied, if the original data can be obtained. The Diet of Alaska Native Adults: 1987-1988 Elizabeth D. Nobmann, Tim Byers, Anne. P Lanier, Jean H. Hankin and M. Yvonne Jackson; American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1992 General Information Researchers investigated the role of diet in chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and iron deficiency-anemia by assessing the seasonal dietary intakes of more than 300 Alaska Native adults from 11 communities during 1987-1988. Prior to this, no comprehensive study of the diet of Alaska Natives had been conducted. The objectives of the research were to: determine the eating practices of Alaska Native adults; identify differences in between the Alaska Native diet and that of the U.S. as a whole; identify changes in diet over time; and provide practical dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention in the Alaska Native population. Study Population Eleven communities that represent a range of ethnic and socioeconomic regions were selected for the study. Using Indian Health Service (IHS) records of Alaska Native residents with an address in the selected communities, a sample of 873 men and women, aged 21-60 years, was drawn. People who moved, had a mental or physical disability that prevented them from completing the interview, or who could not be contacted after three attempts were excluded from the study. A total of 351 participants were included in the final survey. Ethnic distribution of the survey participants was similar to the distribution of Alaska Natives reported in the 1980 census. Data Collection Methods In-person interviews were used to complete 24-hour dietary recalls and collect other questionnaire information on eating practices. The interviewers were either local individuals who were bilingual, or nutritionists with registered dietitian credentials who were streained in administering the dietary recall interviews and were familiar with the local communities; most interviews were conducted in the home by a single interviewer. During the interviews, each participant was asked to recall all foods consumed in the previous 24 hours. Five surveys were conducted over an 18 month period to capture seasonable variability in diet. All participants completed at least one recall survey. In total, 995 24-hour recalls were completed by 351 participants during the study period.