59% of consumers of any nut- or cereal-based beverages were females and 41% were males. In the 2011-12 NNPAS, respondents were also asked if they avoided any foods for any reason. Of the nut- and cereal-based beverages consumers, 36% reported avoiding cow’s milk/dairy due to allergy or intolerance (despite this, 25% of these avoiders actually reported consuming some form of plain fluid milk). None of the consumers of nut- or cereal-based beverages said they avoided dairy due to religious or cultural reasons. In the 2011-12 NNPAS, most cereal- or nut-based beverage consumers (78%) consumed the beverage once per day. Twenty-two (22%) percent of consumers had more than one eating occasion in the day, with the highest number of eating occasions of any one of the identified products being 4 times over the day. Of the or nut-based beverage consumers, approximately 5% also consumed soy-beverages. No respondents consumed more than one of the cereal- or nut-based product types listed in Table 2 on Day 1. For consumers only, mean consumption of plain fluid milks, plain soy-based beverages and other plain plant-based milk substitutes (only cereal- and nut-based products were consumed) appeared to be in the same range, at around 130–400 grams/day (see Figure 1, Figure 2 and Table A1.3 in Appendix 1), with children generally consuming more than adults or the general population. Table : Types of plant-based milk substitutes (excluding soy beverages) reported as consumed in the more recent Australian and New Zealand nutrition surveys Milk Substitute Type Sub-type Australia New Zealand 2007 ANCNPAS 2011-12 NNPAS 2002 NZCNS 2008-09 NZANS Almond-based Almond-based beverage Oat-based Oat-based beverage Oat-based beverage, fortified Rice-based Rice-based beverage Rice-based beverage, fortified Rice-based beverage, flavoured Rice-based beverage, flavoured, fortified Rice-based beverage, protein enriched, fortified
Table : Comparison of vitamin/mineral content of nut- and seed-based beverages with full cream cow’s milk Vitamin/ Mineral Concentration per reference quantity (200 mL) Full cream cow’s milkΔ Nut- and seed-based beverages currently on the market Requested concentration for voluntary fortification of nut- and seed-based beverages Maximum claim Maximum permitted quantity Vitamin A (µg) 102 0 110 125 Thiamin (mg) 0.01 0.008 no claim permitted 0.10 Riboflavin (mg) 0.40 0.052 0.43 Not specified Vitamin B6 (mg) 0.14 0 no claim permitted 0.12 Vitamin B12 (µg) 1.2 0 0.8 Not specified Vitamin D (µg) Data not available Data not available 1.0 1.6 Folate, naturally occurring (µg) 28 2 Folate (naturally occurring plus added forms) (µg) no claim permitted 12 Calcium (mg) 208 86 – 152 240 Not specified Magnesium (mg) 20 26 no claim permitted 22 Phosphorus (mg) 176 28 – 88 200 Not specified Zinc (mg) 0.68 0.2 no claim permitted 0.8 Iodine (µg) 44.6 0.4 15 Not specified Δ refer to Table A1.1 in Appendix 1 for further details on the nutrient composition of full cream cow’s milk (note that the nutrient profiles in Table A1.1 are presented per 100 mL whereas this table is per reference quantity of 200 mL) nutrient profile from one product excludes fortified products
1995 AusNNS 17 years & above Plain only 11,441 83 289 2.1 NC NC Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 11,594 84 297^ 2.1 NC NC 2007 ANCNPAS 2-16 years Plain only 3,285 73 86 1.9 26 0.6 Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 3,434 77 101 2.3 26 0.6 2011-12 NNPAS☼☼ 2 years & above Plain only 8,302 68 312 2.6 85 0.7 Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 8,556 70 316^ 2.6^ 85 0.7 1997 NZNNS 15 years and above Plain only 3,978 86 27 0.6 NC NC Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 3,999 86 29 0.6 1 <0.1 2002 NZCNS 5-14 years Plain only 2,266 69 27 0.8 4 0.1 Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 2,335 71 29 0.9 6 0.2 2008 NZANS 15 years & above Plain only 3,574 75 109 2.3 13 0.3 Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 3,635 77 110 2.3 21 0.4 ☼ Based on consumption from Day 1 only ☼☼ Derived from CURF raw data (ABS, 2014a)) Table A1.: Consumer consumption of milk and plant-based milk substitutes in Australian and New Zealand national nutrition surveys☼
Country Nutrition Survey Age Plain or flavoured Consumer consumption (grams per day) Milk Soy-based beverages Other plant-based milk substitutes Median Mean Median Mean Median Mean Australia 1995 AusNNS 17 years & above Plain only 208 270 199 225 NC NC Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 232 292 199 230 NC NC 2007 ANCNPAS 2-16 years Plain only 258 349 232 294 258 298 Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 304 379 258 306 258 298 2011-12 2 years & above Plain only 156 222 193 214 158 181 Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 185 250 196 215 158 181 New Zealand 1997 NZNNS 15 years & above Plain only 186 244 155 189 n/aʊ n/aʊ Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 191 252 207 205 n/aʊ n/aʊ 2002 CNS 5-14 years Plain only 212 270 130 223 n/aʊ 136 Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 233 288 130 235 258 200 2008-09 ANS 15 years & above Plain only 180 228 146 215 135 247 Plain / flavoured / milkshakes / milk hot chocolate 191 240 146 214 135 250 ☼ Based on consumption from Day 1 only ☼☼ Derived from CURF raw data (ABS, 2014a)) ʊ Insufficient consumers to derive statistics Table A1.: Percentage contribution of milk to estimated nutrient intakes for Australia Nutrient Percent contribution of milk (%)