13.1 Infant formula products 21 21 21 21 13.2.1 Infant cereal products 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 13.2.2 Infant fruit 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 13.2.3 Infant dairy desserts 37 37 37 37 13.2.4 Infant gels & juices 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 13.3.1 Solid formula meal replacement & formulated supplementary foods 259 259 259 5,555 13.3.2 Liquid formula meal replacement & formulated supplementary foods 37 37 37 833 13.4.1 Solid formulated supplementary sports foods 2,222 2,222 11,111 11,111 13.4.2 Liquid formulated supplementary sports foods 200 200 1,000 1,000 13.5 Toddler formula products (excluding soy based) 37 37 37 37 13.5.1 Toddler formula products, soy based 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 14.1.2 Fruit & vegetable juices & fruit & vegetable juice products 0.05 0.05 0.05 400 14.1.2.1.1 Coconut milk, coconut cream & coconut syrup 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 14.1.3 Soft drinks (excluding intensely sweetened) 0 0 0 1,000 14.1.3.1.1.1.2 Non-brewed soft drink, carbonated, kola, intensely sweetened 0 0 0 0 14.1.3.1.1.2.1 Non-brewed soft drink, carbonated, not kola type, intensely sweetened 0 0 0 0
Appendix 3: Dietary Intake Assessment results Table A3.1: Estimated mean and P90 L-carnitine dietary intakes for Australia and New Zealand Country Population type Age Group Number of Consumers (all scenarios) Estimated dietary intake of L-Carnitine (mg/day) Mean P90 Baseline Sports food increase Consumer Behaviour Baseline Sports food increase Consumer Behaviour Australia General 2-6 years 479 38 38 288 73 73 546 Consumption data from Day 1 and 2 respondents 7-17 years 1,127 57 66 445 111 116 874 18-70 years 5,477 71 87 449 138 153 952 2 years and above 7,735 66 79 426 131 140 897 Elderly 71 years and above 652 61 66 304 115 120 603 People who consume sports foods/beverages 2 years and above 419 137 378 806 249 801 1,567 People who consume weight management or meal replacement products 2 years and above 240 104 249 597 217 761 1,227 People who don't eat meat 2 years and above 163 28 42 381 50 52 828
Australia General 2-6 years 779 38 39 80 82 601 consumption data from on Day 1 respondents only 7-17 years 1,753 60 69 458 136 137 954 18-70 years 8,595 72 93 470 161 175 1,111 2 years and above 12,149 67 83 442 152 160 1,015 Elderly 71 years and above 1,023 57 59 285 133 133 665 People who consume sports foods/beverages 2 years and above 463 187 609 1,054 386 1,253 2,048 People who consume weight management or meal replacement products 2 years and above 254 127 365 752 264 1,034 1,578 People who don't eat meat 2 years and above 288 15 24 370 31 31 974
20 All Mixed Foods Commercial 18 18 19 17 20.1.1.5 Beverages, non-alcoholic, coffee, dry mix 1 <1 <1 3 20.3.1 Ready-to-eat mueslis 13 9 8 9 20.3.2 Flavoured oat porridges, dry <1 0 0 0 20.2.2.3 Cereal products, bars 3 9 11 6 ₼ 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey (2008 NZANS) 15 years and above.
Table A4.1: Papers describing mortality and cardiovascular events at 3 and 5 years of follow-up in the Cleveland Clinical Outcomes Cohort (n=4007) First author, year Group or sub-group analysed Baseline N Follow-up duration Outcome (N events) Plasma TMAO concentration (percentile: µM) Results (The most adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for the highest vs lowest quartile of TMAO unless otherwise noted) Tang 2013 Total group 4007 3 years MACE* (513) 25th 2.43 50th 3.66 75th 6.18 HR=1.43 (95% CI: 1.05–1.94) Koeth 2013 2595 archival specimens from Genebank 2595 3 years MACER* Not given Carnitine and TMAO greater than the median for both compared to less than the median for both: HR=2.1 (95% CI:1.5–2.8) Wang 2104 Sequential stable subjects (cardiac troponin I ≤0.03 ng/mL) 3903 3 years MACE (495) 25th 2.4 50th 3.7 75th 6.2 HR: 2.5-fold increase, p < 0.01 Choline and TMAO greater than the median for both compared to less than the median for both: HR=1.6 (95% CI: 1.2–2.0) Betaine and TMAO greater than the median for both compared to less than the median for both: HR=1.6 (95% CI: 1.2–2.0) Tang 2014 Patients with a history of heart failure fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria” 720 5 years All-cause mortality (207) 25th 3.0 50th 5.0 75th 8.5 HR=1.85 (95% CI: 1.14–3.00)
Tang 2015 Subjects with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD): total included in analysis=3687 521 stable with CKD Stage 3+ 3166 without CKD 5 year All-cause mortality (466) With CKD 25th 5.2 50th 7.9 75th 12.4 Without CKD 25th 2.3 50th 3.4 75th 5.3 With CKD: HR=1.93 (95% CI: 1.13–3.29) Without CKD HR=1.47 (95% CI: 1.02–2.12) Senthong 2016b Patients with coronary artery stenosis managed with optimal treatment (COURAGE*-like) 2235 5 years All-cause mortality (338) 25th 2.5 50th 3.8 75th 6.5 HR=1.71 (95% CI: 1.11–2.61) Senthong 2015 and Senthong 2016a Patients with history of peripheral arterial disease (935) without aortic aneurysm (minus 100) minus no data (14) 821 3 years 5 years MACE All-cause mortality (222) 25th 2.9 50th 4.8 75th 8.0 HR=1.74 (95% CI: 1.2–2.51) HR=1.88 (95% CI:1.21–2.92)