18000-3 body SIG SIG ISO/IEC Network IEEE IEEE 802.15.1 ISO 13157 etc. Network Type WPAN WPAN available not with RFID Range ~30 m (class 2) ~50 m < 0.2 m Frequency GHz GHz 13.56 Bit rate 1-3 Mbit/s ~200 kbit/s 424 kbit/s Set-up time < 6 s < 3 ms < 0.1 s Bluetooth technology (2.45 GHz) and (NFC 13.56 MHz) may both be used as communication technologies. However, allowed transmission power for NFC 13.56 MHz is strongly limited implying short range, whilst Bluetooth technology has a range that reaches up to 100m, depending on its class. Integration with mobile phones is increasing, where Bluetooth technology is already part of almost all phone types. Bluetooth low energy technology set-up time has been designed to be faster than Classic Bluetooth technology. There is no aim to make Bluetooth technology's WPAN implementation compatible with passive RFID. However, Bluetooth technology defines a well standardized new class of active RFID which requires comparably lower power consumption than NFC in passive read mode, due to different physical coupling: far field is used for Bluetooth technology, whilst near field/inductive is used for NFC. History In 2001, Nokia researchers determined that there were various scenarios that contemporary wireless technologies did not address. To address the problem, the Nokia Research Center started the development of a wireless technology adapted from the standard which would provide lower power usage and price while minimizing difference between Bluetooth technology and the new technology. The results were published in 2004 using the name Bluetooth Low End Extension. After further development with partners, e.g., within project , the technology was released to public in October with brand name Wibree. After negotiations with members, in June , an agreement was reached to include Wibree in future Bluetooth specification as a Bluetooth technology, now known as . In December 2009, the Bluetooth SIG announced the adoption of Bluetooth low energy wireless technology as the hallmark feature of the Bluetooth Core Specification Version 4.0. Samples of sensors utilizing this specification are available from some silicon manufacturers today and shipments are anticipated to follow closely behind. Integration of Bluetooth low energy technology with the Core Specification will 1
Bluetooth low energy technology is designed with two equally important implementation alternatives: single-mode and dual-mode. Small devices like tokens, watches and sports sensors based on a single-mode Bluetooth low energy implementation will enjoy the low-power consumption advantages enabled for highly integrated and compact devices. In implementations Bluetooth low energy functionality is integrated into Classic Bluetooth circuitry. The architecture will share Classic Bluetooth technology radio and antenna, enhancing currently chips with the new low energy stack—enhancing the development of Classic Bluetooth devices with new capabilities. Technical Specification Classic Bluetooth Bluetooth low energy technology 100 m (330 ft) 50 m (160 ft) Over the air data rate 1-3 Mb/s 1 Mb/s Application throughput 0.7-2.1 Mb/s 0.26 Mb/s Active slaves 7 Not defined; implementation dependent Security 56/128-bit and layer user defined 128-bit with Counter Mode and application layer user defined Robustness Adaptive fast frequency hopping, , fast Adaptive frequency hopping, Lazy 24-bit CRC, 32-bit Message Integrity Check Latency (from a non connected state) Typically 100 ms 6 ms Total time to send data (det.battery life) 100 ms 6 ms[], <3ms Voice capable Yes No Network topology Scatternet Star-bus Power consumption 1 as the reference 0.01 to 0.5 (depending on use case) Peak current consumption <30 mA <20 mA (max 15 mA to run on coin cell battery) Service discovery Yes Yes Profile concept Yes Yes Primary use cases Mobile phones, gaming, headsets, stereo audio streaming, PCs, security, proximity, Mobile phones, gaming, PCs, watches, sports and fitness, healthcare, security & proximity, automotive, home electronics, automation, Industrial, etc. mode