Buprofezin Unclassified; USEPA registered; WHO U Requested Carbaryl N-Methyl Carbamate; USEPA registered (some RUPs) WHO II EPA 2 and 3 Requested Clofentezine Tetrazine; USEPA registered (All GUPs) WHO U EPA 3 Requested Cyromazine Insect Growth Regulator; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 3 Requested Dichlorvos/DDVP Organophosphate USEPA registered (RUPs & GUPs) WHO 1b EPA 1 Not requested due to toxicity & incompatible use profile. Dimethoate Organophosphate; USEPA registered (GUPs) . WHO II EPA II Requested Emamectin benzoate Macrocyclic Lactone; USEPA registered (GUPs and RUPs) WHO Not listed EPA 1, 2, 3 Requested Flubendiamide Anthranilic diamide; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO Not listed EPA 3 Requested Hexythiazox Unclassified; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 3 Requested Imidacloprid Neonicitinoid; USEPA registered (some RUPs) WHO II EPA 2 and 3 Requested Indoxacarb Oxadiazine; USEPA registered (most are GUPs) WHO II EPA 2 and 3 Requested Malathion Organophosphorus; USEPA registered WHO III EPA 2 and 3 Requested Novaluron Benzoylurea; EPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 2 and 3 Requested Thiacloprid Neonicotinoid WHO II EPA 2 Not requested; all USEPA registrations cancelled in November 2014 Thiamethoxam Neonicotinoid, USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO Not listed EPA 2 and 3 Requested Fungicides
Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole Strobin; USEPA registered (all GUPs) Azole; USEPA registered (GUPs) WHO U EPA 2 and 3 WHO III EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Azoxystrobin Strobin; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 2 and 3 Requested Captan Thiophthalimide; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Chlorothalonil Substituted Benzene; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Copper Hydroxide Inorganic-copper; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO III EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Copper Oxychloride (Cu2Cl(OH)3) Inorganic-copper; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO Not listed EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Cuprous Oxide Inorganic-copper; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO II EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil Pyrimidine; USEPA registered (all GUPs) Unclassified; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO Not listed EPA 3 WHO Not listed EPA 3 Requested Difenoconazole Azole; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO III EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Dimethomorph + Mancozeb Morpholine; USEPA registered (GUPs) Dithiocarbamate-ETU, Inorganic-Zinc; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 3 WHO U EPA 0 and 3 Requested Famoxadone + Cymoxanil Dicarboximide; USEPA registered (all GUPs) Unclassified; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 3 WHO III EPA 2 and 3 Requested Fenhexamid Anilide; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 1 and 3 Requested Folpet Thiophthalimide; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Fosetyl Aluminium Unclassified; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested
Iprodione Dicarboximide, USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Mancozeb Dithiocarbamate-ETU, Inorganic-Zinc; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 0 and 3 Requested Mancozeb + Metalaxyl Dithiocarbamate-ETU, Inorganic-Zinc; USEPA registered (all GUPs) Xylylalanine, USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 0 and 3 WHO III EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Monopotassium phosphate (Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt) + Dipotassium phosphate Inorganic, USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO Not listed EPA 3 Requested Oxycarboxin Carboxamide; USEPA registered; all GUPs WHO U EPA 3 Requested Polyoxin aluminium Not USEPA registered Not requested in this PERSUAP Propamocarb Hydrochloride Other Carbamate; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO Not listed EPA 1 and 3 Requested Propiconazole Azole; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO II EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Propineb (included for review under FTFT-MnM) Not USEPA registered Not requested in this PERSUAP Pyrimethanil Pyrimidine; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO Not listed EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Sulfur Inorganic; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Tebuconazole Azole; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO III EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Thiophanate methyl Benzimidazole precursor; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO Not listed EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Triadimefon Azole; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO III EPA 2 and 3 Requested Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole Strobin; USEPA registered (all GUPs) Azole; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 2 and 3 WHO III EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested
Trifloxystrobin Strobin; USEPA registered (GUPs) WHO U EPA 2 and 3 Requested Triflumizole Azole; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO III EPA 3 Requested Herbicides 2,4-D Alkylchlorophenoxy; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO II EPA 3 Requested Bentazone Thiadiazine; USEPA registered WHO II EPA 3 Requested Bromacil Uracil; USEPA registered; all GUPs WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Bromoxynil Octanoate + MCPA Hydroxybenzonitrile, USEPA registered; some RUPs WHO II Most are EPA 2 and 3 Requested Clethodim (included for review under FTFT-MnM) USEPA registered; Cyclohexenone derivative; all GUPs WHO Not listed EPA 2 and 3 Requested Diuron Urea; USEPA registered; some RUPs WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Ethalfluralin 2,6-Dinitroaniline; USEPA registered; all GUPs WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Fluazifop-P-Butyl Aryloxyphenoxypropionate; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO III EPA 3 Requested Fomesafen Not USEPA registered WHO II Not requested Glufosinate Ammonium Phosphonoglycine; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO III EPA 2 and 3 Requested Glyphosate Phosphonoglycine; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Hexazinone Triazinone; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO III EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Linuron Urea; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 3 Requested Metribuzine (included for review under FTFT-MnM) Triazinone; USEPA registered (most are GUPs) WHO II most are EPA 2 & 3, a few EPA 1 Requested Nicosulfuron Sulfonylurea; USEPA registered (GUPs) WHO U EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Oxadiazon Unclassified; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 2 and 3 Requested
Oxyfluorfen (included for review under FTFT-MnM) Diphenyl ether; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO U EPA 2 and 3 Requested Quizalofop-P terfuryl Not USEPA registered Not requested in PERSUAP Pendimethalin (included for review under FTFT-MnM) 2,6-Dinitroaniline; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO III EPA 3 and 0 Requested Propaquizafop butyl (included for review under FTFT-MnM) Not USEPA registered Not requested in this PERSUAP S-Metolachlor Chloroacetanilide; USEPA registered (GUPs) WHO III EPA 2 and 3 Requested Sethoxydim (included for review under FTFT-MnM) Cyclohexenone derivative; USEPA registered (all GUPs) WHO III EPA 2 and 3 Requested Triclopyr Chloropyridinyl; USEPA registered; all GUPs WHO III EPA 1 and 3 Requested Rodenticides Brodifacoum Coumarin; USEPA registered; all GUPs WHO Ia EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Bromadiolone Coumarin; USEPA registered; some RUPs WHO Ia EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Diphacinone 1,3-Indandione; USEPA registered; several RUPs WHO Ia EPA 1, 2, and 3 Requested Biologicals Avermectin (Avermectin Abamectin (ANSI)) (included for review under FTFT-MnM) USEPA registered; some products are RUP. Only products with <2% active ingredient allowed WHO Not listed EPA 2, and 3 Requested Bacillus thuringiensis Microbial; USEPA registered strains (aizawi strain, kurstaki strain, Israelensis strain) WHO U, EPA no consensus value Requested Beauveria bassiana (Strain GHA) Microbial; USEPA registered strains WHO Not listed, EPA no consensus value Requested
Metarhizium anisopliae Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 spores Metarhizium anisopliae, var. Anisopliae, strain ESF1 (included for review under FTFT-MnM) Microbial; USEPA registered strains; microbial (all GUPs) WHO Not listed EPA 3 except biological termiticide is EPA 2 Requested Pyrethrins Botanical; USEPA registered; WHO II; EPA 3 Requested Pyrethrins + Garlic extracts Botanical; USEPA registered + exempt WHO II; EPA 3 Requested Neem (Azadirachtin) Botanical; USEPA registered (GUPs) WHO not listed; EPA 3 Requested Spinosad (included for review under FTFT-MnM) Microbial (Spinosyn), macrocyclic lactone; USEPA registered (all GUPs ) WHO U EPA 3 or 0-No signal word, 1 is EPA 1 Requested Trichoderma spp.: Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) & T. harzianum Microbial; USEPA registered strains; WHO not listed; EPA No consensus value Requested The pesticides in Table 1 were chosen based on the following criteria: Effectiveness of the pesticide for the proposed application is a prime consideration and every effort was made to select the least toxic chemicals that simultaneously provide maximum effectiveness in controlling pest infestations and achieving the activity’s goals. Low Toxicity: When pesticides are needed to control a pest population outbreak, FTFT-MnM agronomists and technicians first recommend the least toxic option and then a stronger chemical, only if needed to effectively control the infestation. Registered for use in Tanzania and available at reasonable cost Registered for use by the USEPA To minimize the risk of resistance (also see Factor F) Cost-effectiveness Primarily, pesticides requested in this PERSUAP were selected based on their appropriateness and effectiveness for the target pest, disease or weed, and on the ability of FTFT-MnM technicians and partners blast
sources; chemical rotation Famoxadone + Cymoxanil III Low acute toxicity Very toxic to aquatic organisms & may cause long term damage to aquatic environments Do not use next to open water sources; protective clothing for applicators; chemical mixed and tanks cleaned in designated areas; application timing (less wind); chemical rotation Fenhexamid III Low acute toxicity Harmful to fish and other aquatic life Do not use next to open water sources or ditches; protective clothing for applicators; chemical mixed and tanks cleaned in designated areas; application timing (less wind); chemical rotation Folpet III Low acute toxicity Birds: slightly toxic Fish: highly toxic Bees: non-toxic Ground/surface water: no threat Do not use next to open water sources; protective clothing for applicators; chemical mixed and tanks cleaned in designated areas; application timing (less wind); chemical rotation Fosetyl Aluminium III Low acute toxicity; mild irritant to eyes and skin Non-toxic to birds, fish, bees and beneficial insects; degrades rapidly in soil and water Protective clothing for applicators; chemical mixed and tanks cleaned in designated areas; application timing (less wind); chemical rotation; Not compatible with other pesticides, fertilizers and surfactants Iprodione III Low acute toxicity; likely human carcinogen Birds: slightly toxic Fish: moderately toxic Bees: non-toxic Surface water: potential to contaminate with spray drift Protective clothing for applicators; chemical mixed and tanks cleaned in designated areas; application timing (less wind); not recommended for use near open water sources; chemical rotation Mancozeb III Low acute toxicity; probable human carcinogen Birds: slightly toxic Fish: moderately toxic Bees: non-toxic Ground/surface water: no threat Protective clothing for applicators; chemical mixed and tanks cleaned in designated areas; application timing (less wind); chemical rotation Mancozeb + Metalaxyl III Low acute toxicity; irritating to Very toxic to aquatic organisms Do not use next to open water sources;
technicians on pesticides and alternative control strategies selection & use. Introduction to field-based Integrated Pest Management activity-run boot camps, on-the-job-training, short term specialists, and Fintrac University resources private sector intiatives such as CropLife. improved knowledge, verifiable through tests local short term technical assistance (STTA) 1.2 Program clients have an improved understanding and awareness of pest and disease problems in the field Training in identification and scouting of pests and diseases in the field. Identifying the problem source. Understand pest/disease biology. Series of field trainings and on-farm extension visits, concentrating on the major pests and diseases for the relevant crops. Ensure that partner value-chain actors, who interact with farmers on crop protection issues, reinforce the trainings and strengthen the farmers’ abilities to detect and identify problems. Documented trainings, materials & improved knowledge. 6+ months to activity end FTFT-MnM senior technical management, field/partner agronomists 1.3 Program clients are aware of which are the least toxic but effective pesticides. Training in pesticide types, mode of action, toxicity, safety, selection & use. Training events and distribution of extension materials. These will present recommended pesticides for each of the main pests and diseases and give options to reduce resistance development and to find the most appropriate product based on the severity and stage of development of the problem. Training materials & documented trainings. 6+ months to activity end FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists
Making farmers understand the dangers of fake pesticides and weak generics. Train farmers on the concept of active ingredients, formulations, and concentrations. Work with the Government of Tanzania, TAHA and CropLife by sharing information about the entry, distribution and sale of fake pesticides. Farmers using recommended, registered products with good crop protection results seen in the field. 6+ months to activity end FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists 2 Producing Healthy Crops 2.1 Program clients are able to maximize plant health for better production by resisting or compensating for damage from pests and diseases. This lowers the need for emergency pesticide rescue treatments Improve crop & site selection Demonstrate to farmers that finding the appropriate crop or variety for prevailing conditions and choosing the right planting site is crucial to vigorous growth Use experience from FTFT-MnM demonstration sites to help with crop variety selection Good establishment and strong growth of crop 6+ months to activity end FTFT-MnM senior technical management, field/partner agronomists 2.2 Improving the quality of seed material or planting material available Work with seed companies, research centers and other partners to demonstrate high quality seed/planting material to activity clients Seed companies and governmental agencies to organize legal entry of seed material. Companies ensure multiplication of clean seed.. Public demonstrations & provision of extension materials. New seeds or planting materials available to farmers 6+ months to activity end FTFT-MnM senior technical management, field/partner agronomists; seed companies; research institutes 2.3 Improving crop management practices for increased yields, and a reduction in pest & disease Introduce Integrated Crop Management to project clients. Documented trainings. Uniform, productive crop that reaches its yield potential 6+ months to project end FTFT-MnM senior technical management, field/partner agronomists
problems 3 Improving the Range of Safe and Effective Pesticides 3.1 Greater range of registered pesticides available to program clients, including lower toxicity, more target specific chemistries. Encouraging distributers with newly registered recommended products to make their products available in rural areas Collaborate with distributers to demonstrate the new products to activity farmers. Train farmers on the proper use of these products. Use FTFT-MnM’s grants program to facilitate the collaboration with the distributers. Presence of recommended pesticides in the rural agroinput stores 1+ years FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists; grants manager, agrochemical suppliers 3.2 Facilitating the acceptance and proper use of the new pesticides Training to introduce the new pesticides. Includes the target pests/crop combination and rotation possibilities. Partner training activities with agrochemical suppliers Documented trainings & materials. Sound incorporation of new pesticides by smallholder farmers in production practices 1+ years FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists; agrochemical suppliers 3.3 Augment number of registered biological products (including biocontrol products) available to program clients in Tanzania Establish protocols for efficacy trials and registration Support discussions & preliminary trials to determine the best means of appraising the efficacy and safety of the biocontrol candidate organisms for registration purposes MALF/TPRI/TAHA to establish official registration protocols Approved protocols 1-2 years FTFT-MnM technical managers, STTA consultants; MALF; TPRI, TAHA; Biocontrol supply companies; commercial farmers; other donor agencies
3.4 Submitting commercial biological products for registration Assist interested companies in assessing the market to establish which products should be submitted first. Work with TAHA to connect with on-going initiatives in registration of biological products. Conduct the registration process in a timely manner (MAFC & TPRI) Processed registrations & permissions to import approved biological products 2-4 years FTFT-MnM technical managers; TAHA; Agrochemical distribution companies 3.5 Supporting market share development of the registered biological products Promote on-farm demonstrations with private sector partners to generate farmer interest and formalize supply logistics FTFT-MnM Technology Fund Grant Support Public demonstration events. Increased adoption and sales 2+ years FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists; Biocontrol STTA consultants supply companies; commercial farmers 3.6 Ensuring effective use of the new biological products for successful adoption into commercial crop protection programs Oversee training and extension activities on use of biological products to help move away from a reliance on pesticides. Commercial farms must follow proper management programs. If biocontrol products are used, inappropriate pesticides must not be used. Documented trainings & extension materials. High yields achieved with reduced pesticide use 2-5 years FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists; Biocontrol supply companies; commercial farmers 4 Safe Use & Handling of Pesticides
4.1 Improved handling and use of pesticides by program clients so that the number of pesticide treatments are reduced due to improved efficacy Improving management & use of application equipment. Equipment testing program to check for faulty equipment and help calibrate functioning application equipment. Training to improve application techniques and coverage. Includes the use of appropriate, functioning nozzles. Identify a source of fluorescent dye for night time spray training Safe, functioning spray equipment (maintenance logs). Documented trainings. 6+ months to activity end FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists 4.2 Improving pesticide storage practices Program to train clients on proper pesticide storage practices including secure storage structures and use of inventories. Documented trainings & materials. Secure storage facilities, proper storage practices & inventory lists 6+ months to activity end FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists 4.3 Improving how pesticides are mixed and prepared for application Training on use of clean water, pH regulation, and compatible mixtures and mixing order. Also focus on proper dosing and measurement of pesticides going into the spray mix. Use of spreader stickers. Documented trainings, extension materials and improved practices in the field 6+ months to activity end FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists 4.4 Improved pesticide safety practices by program clients Improving knowledge and practices in pesticide safety Training events and materials on best practices (those outlined above). Also included is the appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), establishment of safe mixing sites, disposal Align with government and private sector initiatives on the safe disposal of obsolete pesticides. Documented trainings, extension materials and improved practices. Use of PPE, establishment of 6+ months to activity end FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists
of expired or obsolete pesticides and first aid. mixing stations and first aid plans. 4.5 Improved disposal of empty pesticide containers. Making farmers aware of the dangers of discarded pesticide containers to motivate them dispose the containers properly. Training on proper disposal techniques (triple rinse, puncture and contain) Work with CropLife, agrochemical companies and AtoZ to explore collection and recycling opportunities. Documented trainings, extension materials and improved practices. Approved disposal practices by farmers observed. Collection or recycling of empty containers. 1+ years FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists; grants manager. 4.6 Development of professional spray brigades. Establishing village teams of well trained and equipped spray brigades who can properly apply approved pesticides Determine the business model and mechanics of spray brigades in the fast moving horticulture sector. Select village entrepreneurs and train and equip them. Connect with farmers and supervise the initial service delivery. Have pesticide distributers and sellers of PPEs work with the brigades to promote their products in a responsible way and ensure that the brigades are offering the best service. Pesticide brigades are registered (under TAHA?) and there are positive evaluations by farmers on the responsiveness and outcome of the contracted brigades 1-2 years FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists; grants manager. 5 Mitigation of the Impact of Pesticides on the Environment 5.1 Reduced impact of pesticides on water quality and acquatic non-target Ensuring that products labelled as a risk to water Train farmers on pesticides potential impact on water quality and acquatic ecosystems and on how to Documented training and extension materials. 1+ years FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner
organisms. quality and non-target organisms carefully follow the mitigating instructions found on the label. read and implement label instructions. agronomists 5.2 Reduce pesticide and leaching Train farmers on land preparation, use of drip irrigation, reduction of soil erosion, avoidance of herbicides with with high leaching and groundwater pollution potential on sandy soils or soils with high water tables, avoidance of spraying pesticides that are toxic to acquatic organisms before heavy rain. Documented training and extension materials. 1+ years FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists 5.3 Reduce the impact of pesticides on terrestrial non-target organisms Modify spray activities and methodoliges to avoid negative impacts on the surrounding ecosystem: Use the least harmful products Train farmers to implement the following practices, and ensure that these are followed on activity sites: Warn beekeepers of upcoming spray events so that they may move or protect their hives. Spray at night (best), very late afternoon when Ensure that agroinput suppliers have the appropriate spray equipment (especially proper nozzels) and that they are trained on how to use the spray equipment. Farmers are cognizant of the vulnerable organisms and they are aware of what procedures they should follow to reduce the risks to organisms. 1 + years FTFT-MnM technical managers, field/partner agronomists
Tanzania Agriculture Productivity Program (FTFT-MnM) SUAP monitoring sheet Month/Year ___________________ Ref. No. Actions FTFT-MnM activities to fulfill target objective Indicators Status* Completed FTFT-MnM activities (give brief description and quantify) 1: Knowledge on Pesticides and Other Crop Protection Options 1.1 Training in pesticide safety, selection & use. Introduction to field-based Integrated Pest Management Train technicians (including partner agronomists) using activity-run boot camps, on-the-job-training, short term specialists, and Fintrac University resources Documented trainings, materials & improved knowledge, verifiable through tests 1.2 Training in identification and scouting of pests and diseases in the field. Identifying the problem source. Understand pest/disease biology. Series of field trainings and on-farm extension visits, concentrating on the major pests and diseases for the relevant crops. Documented trainings, materials & improved knowledge. 1.3 Training in pesticide types, mode of action, toxicity, safety, selection & use. Training events and distribution of extension materials. These will present recommended pesticides for each of the main pests and diseases and give options to reduce resistance development and to find the most appropriate product based on the severity and stage of development of the problem. Training materials & documented trainings. 2: Producing Healthy Crops 2.1 Improve crop & site selection Demonstrate to farmers that finding the appropriate crop or variety for prevailing conditions and choosing the right planting site is crucial to vigorous growth Good establishment and strong growth of crop
2.2 Improving the quality of seed material or planting material available Work with seed companies, research centers and other partners to demonstrate high quality seed/planting material to activity clients Public demonstrations & provision of extension materials. New seeds or planting materials available to farmers CONT... 2.3 to 5.3 *Status: NS – not started, O – on & C – complete
ANNEX IV. USEPA’S & WHO’S ACUTE TOXICITY CLASSIFICATIONS Classification is principally determined by the toxicity of the pesticide to rats. The LD50 dose is used to determine toxicity. This is the dose that kills 50% of the rats exposed to the toxicant and it is expressed as milligram (mg) of toxicant per kilogram (kg) of body weight. Usually the oral LD50 is used but if the dermal toxicity puts the pesticide into a more toxic class, then the more restrictive classification is always followed. The classification can also be adjusted by factors other than acute oral or dermal toxicity to represent its true potential to harm. The tables below give the LD50, descriptions and categories for the two classification systems. WHO acute toxicity classifications Category Description Oral LD50 (mg/L) Dermal LD50 (mg/L) Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Ia Extremely hazardous ‹ 20 ‹ 5 ‹ 40 ‹ 10 Ib Highly hazardous 20-200 5-50 40-400 10-100 II Moderately hazardous 200-2,000 50-500 400-4,000 100-1,000 III Slightly hazardous ›2,000 › 500 › 4,000 ›1000 U Unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use › 3,000 › 2,000 USEPA acute toxicity classifications Label Oral LD50 Dermal LD50 (mg/kg) Inhalation LC50 (mg/L) Eye Effects Skin Effects I Danger ‹ 50 ‹ 200 ‹ 0.05 Corrosive (irreversible destruction of ocular tissue) or corneal involvement or irritation persisting for more than 21 days Corrosive (tissue destruction into the dermis and/or scarring) II 50-500 0.05-0.5 Corneal involvement or irritation clearing in days Severe irritation at 72 hours III Caution 0.5-2 Corneal involvement or irritation clearing in 7 days or less Moderate irritation at 72 hours IV None › 5,000 › 5,000 › 2 Minimal effects clearing in less than 24 hours Mild or slight irritation