Chapter 6 Matter – models and explanations 6.1 How does energy transform matter? 5 / 5 hours Matter – delivery guide PAG1: Determine the densities of a variety of objects both solid and liquid PAG5: Determine the specific heat capacity of a metal 6.2 How does the particle model explain the effects of heating? 2 / 2 hours Matter – delivery guide 6.3 How does the particle model relate to material under stress? 4 / 4 hours Matter – delivery guide PAG2: Investigate the effect of forces on springs 6.4 How does the particle model relate to pressure in fluids? 5 / 0 hours Matter – delivery guide 6.5 How can scientific models help us understand the Big Bang? 6 / 0 hours Matter – delivery guide Total for chapter 6 = 22 / 11 hours Total teaching hours = 120 hours / 88 hours
Outline Scheme of Work: P5 – Radioactive materials Total suggested teaching time – 13 / 9 hours P5.1 What is radioactivity? (6 /6 hours) Links to KS3 Subject content a simple (Dalton) atomic model differences between atoms, elements and compounds atoms and molecules as particles Links to Mathematical Skills M1b M1c M2g M3c M3d M4a M4c Links to Practical Activity Groups (PAGs) N/A
2 (1hr for separate and combined) P5.1.3 recall the typical size (order of magnitude) of atoms and small molecules P5.1.4 recall that atomic nuclei are composed of both protons and neutrons, and that the nucleus of each element has a characteristic positive charge Engage: The scale of the universe 2 This popular interactive allows users to scroll through orders of magnitude of scale with examples of objects of relevant sizes, from the observable universe down to the Planck length. Explore: Build an atom: Atomic structure, atoms, atomic nuclei An interactive app allowing users to build an atom from protons, neutrons and electrons, which gives the electric charge (ionisation) of the atom and tells whether the atom being built is stable or unstable. Explain: Molymod atom building Extend: Elements, atomic radii and the periodic radii A web page featuring a version of the periodic table in which elements are represented as circles of sizes proportional to their atomic radii. Evaluate: Get pupils to order particles, atoms, molecules etc. according to size. Link to delivery guide: 3 (1hr for separate and combined) P5.1.5 recall that nuclei of the same element can differ in nuclear mass by having different numbers of neutrons, these are called isotopes P5.1.6 use the conventional representation to show the differences between isotopes, including their identity, charge and mass Engage: What are atoms and isotopes? A short (3 minutes), simple video about the structure of atoms and the nature of isotopes. Explore: They may have already covered this in Chemistry to use questioning to assess pupils’ prior knowledge and understanding. Explain: Definition and structures Extend: Uses of Isotopes – research Evaluate: Get pupils to write their own definitions of isotopes giving examples. Swap and improve. Link to delivery guide:
4 (1hr for separate and combined) P5.1.8 relate emissions of alpha particles, beta particles, or neutrons, and gamma rays to possible changes in the mass or the charge of the nucleus, or both P5.1.9 use names and symbols of common nuclei and particles to write balanced equations that represent the emission of alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiations during radioactive decay M1b, M1c, M3c P5.1.7 recall that some nuclei are unstable and may emit alpha particles, beta particles, or neutrons, and electromagnetic radiation as gamma rays Engage: types of radioactive emissions Explore: card sort for alpha, beta and gamma emissions. Relating the change in mass/ charge etc. to the emission produced. Explain: Go through an example of how to write balanced equations for the different types of emission, get pupils to work through a couple of examples together as a class. Extend: pupils should be given plenty of practice in writing decay equations Evaluate: SAM question J259-04 Question 9 Link to delivery guide: Link to SAM 5 (1hr for separate and combined) P5.1.10 explain the concept of half-life and how this is related to the random nature of radioactive decay M2e P5.1.11 calculate the net decline, expressed as a ratio, in a radioactive emission after a given (integral) number of half-lives M1c, M3d Engage: half-life Explore: Geiger Muller and sources demo count rate. Explain: Simple model of exponential decay A simple experiment involving the tossing of coins which provides an analogy for radioactive decay in order to help users understand the concept of a half-life. Extend: Pupils draw a half-life graph from the above experiment Evaluate: Pupils write instructions on how to work out the half-life of a substance. Link to delivery guide:
Outline Scheme of Work: P5 – Radioactive materials Total suggested teaching time – 13 / 9 hours P5.3 How can radioactive materials be used to provide energy? (4 / 0 hours) Links to KS3 Subject content fuels and energy resources Links to Mathematical Skills N/A Links to Practical Activity Groups (PAGs) N/A