Approval : __________________________________________ Mikaela Meredith, Mission Director _____________________ Date Clearance: ___________________________________________ Gocha Lobzhanidze, Mission Environmental Officer _____________________ Date Clearance: ___________________________________________ Tamilla Mammadova, Deputy Mission Environmental Officer _____________________ Date Clearance : ___________________________________________ Samir Hamidov, COR/AOR (required) _____________________ Date Concurrence: ___________________________________________ Mark Kamiya, E&E Bureau Environmental Officer ____________________ Date Distribution: IEE File MEO (to also provide a copy to AOR/COR) (ASAP) PROJECT PERSUAP (Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safe Use Action Plan)
trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin. Eye rot/Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria) Use disease-free seed and transplant seedlings. Spray seedlings with streptomycin before planting. Use crop rotation. Avoiding sprinkler irrigation and cull piles near greenhouse or field operations. Use bactericides containing copper hydroxide. Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) Use raised-bed production and monitor soil moisture. Sufficiently drain the growing field. Monitor the field frequently and remove dead and dying plants that are full of inoculum. Can use combinations of bactericide copper hydroxide with mancozeb (which increases the efficacy of copper). Viral diseases, Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) Use resistant varieties if available. Use virus-free and whitefly-free transparent seedlings. Manage white flies (see above). Cover plants with floating row covers. Sanitation: During season, rogue out diseased plants when virus incidence is low, after harvest remove and destroy diseased plants. Practice good weed management in and around greenhouse or field. Use insecticides recommended above for whitefly. Fusarium vascular wilt (Fusarium oxysporum, f.sp lycopersici) Use resistant cultivars and seed treatments. Disinfect tools and, if possible, steam clean equipment and surfaces between uses. Use sanitation – remove and burn heavily infected plants and crop residues at season end. Use lime to raise soil pH. Use of chicken manure and mushroom compost No synthetic fungicides are recommended for spraying.
Chinch bug and false chinch bug (Nysius raphanus) Use of window and ventilation screens to exclude chinch bugs from the greenhouse. Removal of weeds in and around greenhouse. Use synthetic insecticide containing imidacloprid, deltamethrin, or non-RUP formulations containing bifenthrin. Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne species) Monitor to determine species and amounts of each present, take soil samples and have a laboratory analyze them. Rotate to non-host plants. Deep plowing, fallowing, and solarization can reduce nematode populations. Weed control. Manage soil moisture, nutrition, and control of other pests, so that plant is sufficiently strong to tolerate nematodes. Use 2 kilos of compost (DM) per plant to enhance organic matter and microbial composition. Maintain good soil drainage. Sanitation: Remove or compost crop residues after harvest. Thoroughly clean all equipment with disinfectant water. Do not allow irrigation water to flow from an infested field to other fields without impounding. Prevent animal grazing and movement from infested to uninfested fields. Marigold (Tagetes minuta and T. patula, respecitvely) plowed under the soil suppresses nematode populations. Management of nematodes is difficult, especially in sandy soils. Use nematicide formulations of Bacillus firmus or copper hydroxide. Botanical and homemade water extracts of basil, garlic, and neem seed may be effective controls. Two new commercialized products, once registered for use, can be used as effective nematode controls: the microbe Myrothecium verrucaria and natural soil biopesticide labeled as Promax (containing extracts of tomatillo oil and thyme oil). Powdery mildew/white rot (Sphaerotheса fuliginea, Erysiphe cichoracearum) Control irrigation water. Resistant varieties are available for control. Use crop rotation. Sanitation: Remove and destroy dead plants. Control weeds in and around field. Use natural fungicide containing potassium bicarbonate or micronized sulfur. Use synthetic fungicides containing myclobutanil, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, kresoxym-methyl.
fruit leading to black mold growth which limits photosynthesis & makes fruit look unappealing. Prune branches to open them up to light, sun, and predators. Sanitation: Prune off and destroy heavily infested branches. Manage ants that tend the scales by placing tanglefoot around the tree trunk. Citrus Alternariosis (Alternaria citri) that enters stress cracks emanating from navel Prevent plant stress and keep fruit healthy and free from damage. Delay harvest until infected fruit have fallen to keep them from becoming mixed with healthy fruit at harvest (but do not exceed optimum maturity for healthy fruit). Sanitation: Remove from orchards and destroy infected fruits. Pre-harvest fungicide treatments are usually ineffective. Postharvest treatments with growth regulators/herbicides 2,4-D has provided some control. Post-harvest Gray mold/ Botrytis rot (Botrytis cinerea) Avoid mechanical injury. Protect against frost and brown rot. Prune regularly to open up tree canopy. Use pre-harvest application of fixed copper. Use post-harvest application of fludioxonil or pyrimethanil.
Annex 4. A Selection of Biopesticide Active Ingredients for the Azerbaijan Ministry of Agriculture to Consider as Potential Future Registration Targets Name Other Names Use Toxicity EPA Tracking Number Allium sativum Garlic Repels insects Low 128827 Allyl isothiocyanate Oil of Mustard Kills & repels insects Questionable 004901 Anise Oil Repels vertebrates Low 004301 4-allyl anisole Estragole Kills beetles Low 062150 Azadirachtin Neem tree, Azadirachta indica, extract Kills & repels insects Low, IV 121701 Bergamot Repels vertebrates 129029 Canola Oil Brassica Napus; B. Campestris Kills many insects Low 011332 Capsaicin Capsicum frutescans Repels vertebrates Low, III 070701 Castor Oil Repels vertebrates Low 031608 Cedarwood Oil Repels moth larvae Low 040505 Cinnamaldehyde Ceylon and Chinese cinnamon oils Kills insects, fungi & repels vertebrates* Low 040506 Citronella Oil Repels insects & vertebrates Low 021901 Cloves, Crushed Low 128895 Dihydroazadirachtin Neem tree extract Azadirachta indica Kills & repels insects III-IV 121702 Eucalyptus Oil Repels insects, mites, fleas & mosquitoes Low 040503 Eugenol Oil of cloves Kills insects** Low 102701 Geraniol Oil of rose isomeric w/ linalool Repels vertebrates** Low 597501 Geranium Oil Low 597500
Indole From all plants Trap bait: corn rootworm beetles Low 25000- Jasmine Oil Low 040501 Jojoba Oil Kills & repels whitefly, kills powdery mildew Low 067200 Lavandin Oil Repels clothes moth Low 040500 Lemongrass Repels vertebrates Low 040502 Linalool Oil of Ceylon isomeric w/geraniol Repels insects, ticks, mites & spiders Low 128838 Maple lactone Roach trap bait Low 004049 Methyl salicylate Oil of wintergreen Repels moths, beetle & vertebrates May be Toxic in large quantity 76601- Mint Herb Kills aphids Low 128892 Mint Oil Kills aphids Low 128800 Mustard Oil Repels insects, spiders & vertebrates Low 004901 Neem Oil Kills whitefly, aphids Low 025006 1-Octen-3-ol From clover, alfalfa Trap bait: mosquitoes Low 69037- Orange From citrus Repels vertebrates Low 040517 p-Methane-3,8 diol Eucalyptus sp. Repels biting flies, mosquitoes Low From peanuts Kills insects, ticks, mites & spiders Low 102601 Pyrethrum Chrysanthemum sp. Stored products use III Red pepper Chili Repels insects Low 070703 Rosemary Herb Low 128893 Rotenone Derris sp., Tephrosia Controls ticks III
Acaricides Active Ingredients Class Special Uses EPA Registered Pesticide RUP Class WHO Toxicity Classes EPA Toxicity Chronic Toxicity Ground water Fish Bees Birds Amphibian Others abamectin/avermectin microbial yes no yes NL II, III RD no data ST HT HT VHT VHT acetamiprid chloro-nicotinyl yes no yes NL III NL no data NAT MT NAT cyhexatin organotin no no no NL I RD no data VHT ST VHT VHT diazinon organophosphate yes some no II III RD MT HT MT MT MT HT HT HT dicofol organochlorine yes no no III III PC, ED no data HT NAT ST MT MT HT MT MT dimethoate organophosphate yes no yes II II PC ST VHT HT MT HT VHT MT fenbutatin oxide organotin yes most yes III I ED, RD no data VHT NAT MT MT HT VHT lambda cyhalothrin synthetic pyrethroid yes some yes II II, III ED no data VHT HT VHT VHT methomyl carbamate yes few yes Ib I, III ED MT HT HT ST HT ST HT VHT HT oxamyl carbamate yes most yes Ib I NL no data ST HT HT ST MT pirimiphos methyl organophosphate yes no yes III III NL no data MT HT MT