Examine area to determine if rodent bait stations are required, and use if needed. Be sure to follow all label directions. Spray cleaned area around bins with a residual herbicide to remove all undesirable weedy plants. Remove all debris from the storage site and dispose of it properly. Frequent rotation of the stocks, "FIFO" (First In - First Out) rule applies. Use sticky traps to monitor for presence and quantity. Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) Use good sanitation and good grain storage practices (see above). If needed, can use synthetic pyrethroid insecticides containing lambda cyhalothrin. Dry beans: White beans; Kidney beans; Adzuki beans; Red beans; Fasol bean; Cowpea; Mung bean Stem weevils (Striped bean weevil, Alcidodes species) Natural predators include Tachinid fly lavae and ants. Keeping late-season plantings away from the sites of earlier plantings. Sanitation: Remove and destroy damaged plants and grubs in stem. Intercrop beans with other crops. Use crop rotation. Can use synthetic insecticides containing dimethoate. Aphids (several species) Common predators of aphids in beans include lady beetles, syrphid flies, and green lacewings. These and parasitoids generally keep aphid populations under control. Monitor the crop regularly. Aphid controls in beans are seldom necessary, but if it is desired use spot treatments of natural insecticides containing neem oil or synthetic insecticides containing malathion or dimethoate. Bean leaf beetles (Diabrotica undecimpunctata; Acalymma trivittatum) Do not plant beans near Cucurbits. Practice post harvest tillage to expose the grubs in the soil to the sun heat and to predators. Rotate beans with non-host plants such as maize or sunflower to break the development cycle of the pest. Delay sowing, where practicable, to allow the crop to escape from high populations. Can spray with natural insecticide containing neem oil/azadirachtin. Can use synthetic insecticides containing malathion. Cutworms (Agrotis species) Monitor damage by counting damaged and freshly cut young plants. Monitor cutworm at dawn on field margins. Sanitation: Destroy weeds in and around field. Can use synthetic insecticides containing lambda-cyhalothrin, but spray cutworm
Root and crown rot (Phytopthora species) Avoid soil saturation of water that exceeds 24 hours. Ensure good soil drainage, drain low spots in orchard. Practice planting new trees on small mounds, berms or ridges of 20-25 cms in height (which can drain well). Some plum rootstocks for grafting contain resistance to Phytopthora. Planting soil depth should be no deeper than nursery soil depth. Graft unions should be well above the soil level. If needed, use fungicides containing mefenoxam/metalaxyl-M. Mulberry Fruit tree leaf roller (Archips argyrospila) Several species of parasitic Tachnid flies and Ichneumonid and Braconid wasps attack leaf rollers. Green lacewings, assassin bugs and some beetles also provide control. Applications of natural insecticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis/BT or provide some control. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) Hand removal and destruction of webbing nests in fall. Applications of insecticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis/BT. Armored scales (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Aspidiotus nerii) Most scales are controlled naturally by predators and parasites, except when these predators and parasites are reduced by dust, ants or persistent insecticides. Sanitation: Remove heavily infested branches. Monitor for presence of scales and in the summer, crawlers. Use dormant or summer mineral oil to kill crawlers (larval stage). Mealy bugs (several species) Keep plants vigorous with proper water, nutrition and pruning. Manage ant populations that tend and protect mealy bugs. Sanitation: Remove and destroy heavily infested branches or perpetually infested trees. Use narrow-range mineral oils to provide some control. Systemic insecticides containing imidacloprid , acetamiprid or thiacloprid may be used for intensely infested trees or branches. Whiteflies (several species) Natural predators and parasites generally keep whitefly populations low unless they are sprayed with a broad spectrum persistent insecticide, have lots of dust or ants. Aluminum foil or reflective silver plastic mulches can repel whiteflies. Use yellow sticky traps (sticky side toward tree and away from sunlight) to reduce whitefly populations. Most whiteflies are resistant to most insecticides, so use is of limited usefulness. Oils including neem oil provide some control.
sodium hypochlorite (Clorox) inorganic disinfectant no none I, III none no data HT ST MT MT MT HT MT Allowed Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Disinfectants/Microbiocides. These are presented on an EPA website, and are thus for brevity (there are 100 chemicals) not repeated here: . Allowed Malarial Mosquito Insecticides Ecotoxicity, Non-target Impacts (Reg 216 Factors E & G) Active Ingredients proposed for control of pests and thus proposed for Reg 216 analysis Chemical Class: Reg 216, Factor I Availability of Other Pesticide Options: AI chemical classes for rotation to avoid development of resistance, and reduction of effectiveness (Factor F) Any Restricted Use Pesticides with this AI? (Reg 216, Factor A) WHO Acute Toxicity Class (Reg 216 Factor E) EPA Acute Toxicity Classes (Reg 216 Factor E) Chronic Toxicity Risks (Reg 216 Factor E) Groundwater contaminant (Reg 216 Factors G & H: Non-target ecosystem, Hydrology) fish bees birds amphibians worms Mollusks Crustaceans Aquatic Insects Plankton bifenthrin synthetic pyrethroid some II II, III PC, ED, RD no data VHT HT MT HT cyfluthrin synthetic pyrethroid some II II, III ED no data VHT HT PNT ST VHT VHT deltamethrin synthetic pyrethroid some II I, II, III ED no data HT MT VHT NAT VHT VHT lambda-cyhalothrin synthetic pyrethroid some II II, III ED no data VHT HT PNT VHT VHT VHT VHT malathion organophosphate no III II PC, ED potential MT HT MT HT ST VHT MT VHT HT pyrimiphos-methyl organophosphate no II, III I, II, III NL no data MT HT MT MT VHT VHT
the subject procurement. Form 2 provides the following information. • The active ingredient, which must be approved by this PERSUAP. • The name of the product to be procured. • The label of the product to be procured, ensuring that the requirements of condition #2, above, are met. • The mode by which it is to be procured. No pesticide purchases are authorized without AOR/COR clearance via Form 2 (Annex 18 b): Note this requirement is additional to and not in lieu of any other pesticide procurement clearance/approval requirements. 10. Record-keeping & resistance monitoring. Projects procuring and using pesticides must: • maintain records (Annex 10) of their stocks (type and quantity) and record and monitor their use (including date of use, application method, and location.) • monitor pesticide effectiveness for development of resistance. See Form 3 (Annex 18 c) for a suggested form for monitoring and record keeping. Projects providing pesticide related training and certification must maintain records of their trainings, certifications and trainees. 11. Regular implementation reporting. The status of implementation of the above-listed conditions must be addressed in regular project implementation reporting. (E.g. quarterly or 6-month reports.) This reporting must include stocks and use reporting, and summary reporting of pesticide trainings, including purpose, dates and type of training, number and type of trainees, and number successfully completing the training. 12. Pass-down to subcontractors and grantees. All conditions must be passed down to subcontractors and (sub)grantees. Prime contractors and grantees must assure that sub-contractors/sub-grantees have capacity to implement these conditions. In addition to the record on implementing the above conditions, the following action plan should be filled out and signed by the Activity (project) chief.