US1.2c Locate and identify the water features important to the early history of the United States Name the two oceans that border the United States. The Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans Name the six main rivers of the United States. Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Columbia, Colorado, Rio Grande What are the lakes called that provided inland ports in the Midwest? Great Lakes What is the name of the Gulf located in the southern United States? Gulf of Mexico What is the name of the river that forms part of the northeastern border with Canada and connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean St. Lawrence Why were theses major bodies of water important to the United States? They provided trade, transportation and settlement areas for the people. Who did the Atlantic Ocean serve as a highway for? Explorers, early settlers and later immigrants What river is called the gateway to the west? The Ohio River Along what waterway did inland port cities grow in the Midwest? Great Lakes What two rivers where considered the transportation arteries for farm and industrial products? Mississippi and Missouri Rivers What two US rivers were links to ports and other parts of the world? Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Who explored the Columbia River? Lewis and Clark Who explored the Colorado River? The Spanish
Where did Portugal explore? The western part of Africa. US 1.4b Describe cultural and economic interactions between Europeans and American Indians that led to cooperation and conflict with emphasis on the American Indian concept of land. What was the cultural interaction of the Spanish and the American Indians? The Spanish conquered and enslaved American Indians, they brought Christianity to the New World, and they brought European diseases What was the cultural interaction of the French and the American Indians? The French established trading posts and spread the Christian religion. What was the cultural interaction of the English and the American Indians? The English established settlements and claimed ownership of land, learned farming techniques from American Indians, and traded with the American Indians. What was the cultural interaction of the American Indians and the European settlers? Taught farming techniques to the European settlers and believed that land was to be shared or used, but not owned. How did the American Indians cooperate with the Europeans? Europeans brought weapons and metal farm tools. Trade Crops What were the areas of conflict between the American Indians and the Europeans? Land Competition for trade Differences in cultures Disease Language difference US 1.4c Identify the location and describing the characteristics of West African societies (Ghana, Mali, and Songhai) and their interactions with traders.
When did Ghana, Mali, and Songhai exist in Africa? From 300 – 1600 A.D. Where were the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai located? In the western region of Africa, south of the Sahara Desert, near the Niger River. How did Ghana, Mali and Songhai become powerful? By controlling trade in West Africa How did the Portuguese influence trade in West Africa? The Portuguese carried goods from Europe to West African empires, trading metals, cloth, and other manufactured goods for gold. US 1.5 The student will demonstrate the knowledge of the factors that shaped colonial America US 1.5a Describe the religious and economic events and conditions that led to the colonization of America. Why was Roanoke Island established? As an economic venture What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World? When and why was it established? Jamestown was an economic venture established in 1607. Who established the Plymouth colony and why? Separatists from the Church of England who wanted to avoid religious persecution. What colony did the Puritans establish for the same reason as Plymouth colony? Massachusetts Bay Colony was settled by the Puritans for the same reasons. Where and why did the Quakers settle? Pennsylvania was settled by the Quakers, who wanted to have freedom to practice their faith without interference.
What was the Mid-Atlantic social life like? Villages and cities Varied and diverse lifestyles Diverse religions What made up the Mid-Atlantic political life? Market towns What were the natural resources of the Rich farmlands and rivers What were the capital resources of the Unskilled and skilled workers, fishermen What was the geography and climate of the Southern colonies? Appalachian Mountains, Piedmont, Atlantic Coastal Plain, good harbors, rivers Humid climate with mild winters and hot summers What did the Southern colonies specialize in? Tobacco, cotton, indigo, and wood products What was the Southern colonies economy based on? Large farms/plantations, cash crops, wood products, small farms Slavery What was the Southern social life like? Plantations (slavery), mansions, indentured servants, few cities, few schools Church of England What made up the Southern colonies political and civic life? Counties What were the natural resources in the Southern colonies? Fertile land, rivers, and harbors What were the capital resources in the Southern colonies? Farmers, enslaved African Americans
US 1.5c Describe colonial life in America from the perspectives of large landowners, farmers, artisans, women, free African Americans, indentured servants, and enslaved African Americans. Describe the characteristics of a large landowner in colonial times. Lived predominately in the South Relied on indentured servants and/or slaves for labor Were educated in some cases Had rich social culture Describe the characteristics of a farmer in colonial times. Worked the land according to the region Relied on family members for labor Describe the characteristics of an artisan in colonial times. Worked as craftsmen in towns and on the plantation Lived in small villages and cities Describe the characteristics of women in colonial times. Worked as caretakers, house-workers, homemakers Could not vote Had few chances for an education Describe the characteristics of an indentured servant during colonial times. Consisted of men and women who did not have money for passage to the colonies and who agreed to work without pay for the person who paid for their passage Were free at the end of their contract. Describe the characteristics of enslaved African Americans during colonial times. Were captured in their native Africa and sold to slave traders, then were shipped to the colonies where they were sold into slavery Were owned as property for life with no rights Were often born into slavery (Children of enslaved African Americans were born into slavery.) Describe the characteristics of free African Americans during colonial times. Were able to own land Had more economic freedom and could work for pay and decide how to spend their money Not allowed to vote.
Who was Patrick Henry? Outspoken member of the House of Burgesses, inspired colonial patriotism with “Give me liberty or give me death” speech Who was Benjamin Franklin? Prominent member of Continental Congress, helped frame the Declaration of Independence, helped gain French support for American Independence. Who was Phillis Wheatley? A former enslaved African American who wrote poetry and plays supporting American independence Who was Paul Revere? Patriot who made a daring ride to warn the colonists “The British are coming” What was the Boston Massacre? Colonists in Boston were shot after taunting the British soldiers What was the Boston Tea Party? Samuel Adams and Paul Revere led Patriots in throwing tea into the Boston Harbor to protest tea taxes What was the First Continental Congress? Delegates from all colonies met to discuss problems with Great Britain and to promote independence What were the Battles of Lexington and Concord? This was the site of the first armed conflict of the Revolutionary War What was the approval of the Declaration of Independence? Colonies were declared independent from Great Britain on July 4, 1776. What was the Battle of Saratoga? This American victory was the turning point for the war. Where did the Revolutionary War end? Yorktown, Virginia How did the Revolutionary War end? The colonial forces won at Yorktown and General Cornwallis surrendered What was the signing of the Treaty of Paris? Great Britain recognized American independence in this treaty.
How did the U.S. get California? War with Mexico resulted in California and the southwest territory becoming part of the United States US 1.8b Identify the geographic and economic factors that influenced the westward movement of settlers. What factors influenced westward migration? Population growth in the eastern states Availability of cheap, fertile land Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves) Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboats Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe) Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny What was Manifest Destiny? A belief that expansion was for the good of the country and was our right Name two overland trails used during westward expansion. Oregon Trail and Santa Fe Trail US 1.8c Describe the impact of inventions, including the cotton gin, the reaper, the steamboat, and the steam locomotive, on life in America. What is an inventor? Someone who is the first to think of or make something What is an entrepreneur? Someone who organizes resources to bring a new or better good or service to market in hopes of earning a profit. Who invented the cotton in? Eli Whitney How did the cotton gin affect American lives? It increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton. What did Cyrus McCormick and Jo Anderson do? They invented the reaper.