EXW - EX Works ( ... named place) «Ex works» means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller's premises or another named place (i.e. works, factory, warehouse, etc.) not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle. This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller, and the buyer has to bear all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller's premises However, if the parties wish the seller to be responsible for the loading of the goods on departure and to bear the risks and all the costs of such loading, this should be made clear by adding explicit wording to this effect in the contract of sale (Refer to Introduction paragraph 11.) .This term should not be used when the buyer cannot carry out the export formalities directly or indirectly. In such circumstances, the term should be used, provided the seller agrees that he will load at his cost and risk. A. THE SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS B. THE BUYER'S OBLIGATIONS A1 Provision of goods in conformity with the contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity which may be required by the contract. B1 Payment of the price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale. A2 Licences, authorisations and formalities The seller must render the buyer, at the latter's request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining, where applicable, (Refer to Introduction paragraph 14.), any export licence or other official authorisation necessary for the export of the goods. B2 Licences, authorisations and formalities The buyer must obtain at his own risk and expense any export and import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable (Refer to Introduction paragraph 14.) , all customs formalities for the export of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance Contract of carriage No obligation(Refer to Introduction paragraph 10). B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance Contract of carriage No obligation(Refer to Introduction paragraph 10).
FOB - Free On Board (... named port of shipment) «Free on Board» means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship's rail, the term should be used. THE SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS THE BUYER'S OBLIGATIONS A1 Provision of goods in conformity with the contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity which may be required by the contract. B1 Payment of the price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale. A2 Licences, authorisations and formalities The seller must obtain at his own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable (Refer to Introduction paragraph 14) , all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. B2 Licences, authorisations and formalities The buyer must obtain at his own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable (Refer to Introduction paragraph 14), all customs formalities for the import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance Contract of carriage No obligation (Refer to Introduction paragraph 10) Contract of insurance No obligation (Refer to Introduction paragraph 10) B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance Contract of carriage The buyer must contract at his own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment. Contract of insurance No obligation (Refer to Introduction paragraph 10). A4 Delivery B4 Taking delivery
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance Contract of carriage The seller must contract on usual terms at his own expense for the carriage of the goods to the agreed point at the named place of destination by a usual route and in a customary manner. If a point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of destination which best suits his purpose. Contract of insurance No obligation (Refer to Introduction paragraph 10). B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance Contract of carriage No obligation (Refer to Introduction paragraph 10). Contract of insurance No obligation (Refer to Introduction paragraph 10). A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3 or, if there are subsequent carriers to the first carrier, for transport to the agreed point at the named place on the date or within the agreed period. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must accept delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named place. A5 Transfer of risks The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4. The buyer must, should he fail to give notice in accordance with B7, bear all risks of the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the period fixed for delivery provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods. A6 Division of costs The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4 as well as the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the B6 Division of costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and all costs and charges relating to the goods whilst in transit until their arrival at the agreed place of