The role of the media and press. Nature and extent of the contribution of women’s groups to the Civil Rights Movement. Trade Union and Labour Rights 2 Union and Labour rights in 1865. Legacy of the Civil War, devastation in the south and effect of Reconstruction on white and black American workers. Similarities and differences in types of employment and working conditions in the northern and southern states (sharecropping, agriculture, industry). Types of employers: the financial sector, big business, landowners and growing industries. Nature of employment and workers’ rights in 1865 across employment sectors (e.g. age limits, length of hours, wages, holidays, dismissal, regulations, legal representation, health and safety, recruitment, opportunity). Positive and negative prospects (or reality) for trade unions and workers in 1865 in comparison to 1992 and other key turning-points such as the 1920s, 1960s and Reagan era. De Pennington, J. Modern America: The USA 1865 to the Present (2005) SHP Hodder, London Field, R. Civil Rights in America 1865-1980 (2002) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Jones, M. The Limits of Liberty: American History 1607-1980 (1983) Oxford Murphy, D. (ed.) United States 1776-1992 (2001) Harper Collins, London Paterson, D. (ed.) Civil Rights in the USA 1865-1992 (2009) Heinemann, Harlow Spiller, J. (ed.) The United States 1763-2001 (2005) Routledge, Abingdon Willoughby, D. & S. The USA 1917-45 (2000) Heinemann, Oxford Zinn, H. A People’s History of the USA 1492-present (1995) New York 2 The impact of New Immigration and industrialisation on union development. The impact of immigration, industrialisation, war and economic circumstances on the limitations and/or development of trade unions
Native American Indians 2 Their position in 1865. The impact of the Plains Wars Key factors causing change to the lives of Native Americans by 1865. Nature of fighting, resistance and effect of the Plains Wars. The nature of discrimination and life for Native Americans. Their relative position in 1865 and 1992 as well as other key Bolt, C. American Indian Policy and American Reform (1990) Unwin Brown, D. Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee (1970) Vintage De Pennington, J. Modern America: The USA 1865 to the Present (2005) SHP Hodder, London Field, R. Civil Rights in America 1865-1980 (2002) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Jones, M. The Limits of Liberty: American History 1607-1980 (1983) Oxford Josephy Jnr, A. Red power: the American Indian’s fight for freedom (1971) New York Murphy, D. (ed.) United States 1776-1992 (2001) Harper Collins, London Paterson, D. (ed.) Civil Rights in the USA 1865-1992 (2009) Heinemann, Harlow Spiller, J. (ed.) The United States 1763-2001 (2005) Routledge, Abingdon Weeks, P. (ed.) ‘They made us many promises’: the American Indian experience 1524 to the present (2002) Harlan Davidson 3 The impact of the Dawes Act 1887, of the acquisition of US citizenship 1924, of the New Deal, of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s and 1970s. Comparative nature and impact of key events, groups or government institutions/positions and policies on the development of civil rights and extent of deprivation, poverty and assimilation, such as: the Commissioner of Indian Affairs roles of the US and State Supreme Courts (e.g. Arizona) role of Congress and Senators presidential action (e.g. Hoover, FDR, Johnson, Nixon) Indian Rights Association (IRA) General Allotment (Dawes) Act US Citizenship Act (1924) ‘Indian New Deal’ (e.g. Wheeler-Howard Act)
period, the New Deal, WW2 and the era of the Civil Rights Movement. De Pennington, J. Modern America: The USA 1865 to the Present (2005) SHP Hodder, London Evans, S. Born for Liberty: A History of Women in America (1997) Free Press Field, R. Civil Rights in America 1865-1980 (2002) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Jones, M. The Limits of Liberty: American History 1607-1980 (1983) Oxford Murphy, D. (ed.) United States 1776-1992 (2001) Harper Collins, London Paterson, D. (ed.) Civil Rights in the USA 1865-1992 (2009) Heinemann, Harlow Spiller, J. (ed.) The United States 1763-2001 (2005) Routledge, Abingdon Rowbotham, S. A Century of Women: the history of women in Britain and the USA (1997) Penguin, London Willoughby, D. & S. The USA 1917-45 (2000) Heinemann, Oxford Zinn, H. A People’s History of the USA 1492-present (1995) New York 2 The impact on women’s rights of the campaign for prohibition. The campaign for women’s suffrage. Methods of counteracting inequality, prejudice or domestic abuse.. Comparative significance of female individuals and groups in the quest for equal rights. The impact of the campaigns for prohibition and female suffrage to the position of women and later developments. 3 The World Wars. The New Deal. Changing economic and employment opportunities. The impact of War on the development of rights for Women The impact of the New Deal on the development of rights for Women The comparative role and impact of political and economic circumstances on the lives of women. The comparative role and impact of political and economic circumstances on the campaigns for equal rights. 3 The rise of feminism and its opponents, Roe v Wade 1973, the campaign for the Equal Rights Amendment. The nature/definitions of feminism, campaign methods, actions and reactions to government. The nature of opposition to feminism and reasons for its. Development, impact and significance of reforms, laws and legal cases on the development of equal rights post-1945.
public health Nature, extent and effect of reactions to civil rights issues from social groups such as women, workers, African Americans and Native American Indians. Impact of industrialisation, westward expansion and sectional or east-west divides on the nature and methods of campaign groups, their leaders and the extent of civil rights. Reasons and responsibility for limited progress. Significance of the contributions of civil rights groups in the period. Hodder, London Field, R. Civil Rights in America 1865-1980 (2002) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Jones, M. The Limits of Liberty: American History 1607-1980 (1983) Oxford Link, W. & S. (ed.) The Gilded Age and Progressive Era: A Documentary Reader (2012) Wiley Blackwell, Chichester Murphy, D. (ed.) United States 1776-1992 (2001) Harper Collins, London Painter, N.I. Standing at Armageddon: The USA 1877-1919 (1989) Norton, New York Paterson, D.G. & Fink, L. Major Problems in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era (2000) Spiller, J. (ed.) The United States 1763-2001 (2005) Routledge, Abingdon Trachtenburg, A. The Incorporation of America (2007) Zinn, H. A People’s History of the USA 1492-present 1 The varied impact of industrialisation on women, and workers, and the nature and effectiveness of their responses. Positive and negative effects of industrialisation and American economic wealth on each social group. Extent of the problems caused by industrialisation by c. 1895. Nature and effectiveness of of their responses. 1 Nature and effectiveness of government policy towards civil rights issues including varying attitudes of Presidents, Congress and Supreme Court and State governments. Similarities and differences in attitudes and influence between Presidents. Impact of Republican and Democrat principles on the actions of Congress, state governments and the Supreme Court in relation to civil rights. ‘Americanisation’ and policies towards Native Americans. Federal and state governments, the Deep South and the nature of
(1995) New York discrimination towards African Americans. Extent to which government action helped or hindered the struggle for civil rights. 3 The impact of Westward Expansion on civil rights: Native American Indians, women, workers and African Americans. Nature and extent of north-south and divides as they relate to civil rights. Manifest destiny and the appeal of the myth of the West. The nature and impact of the Homestead Act: migration, ranches and the nation’s ‘bread basket’, poverty, hardship, destruction of Native American culture. Transcontinental railroads. Concepts of the frontier and nature of settlements. The Plains War, reservations policy and the plight of the Native American tribes across America. Sectional and East-West differences in attitudes towards racial or ethnic groups and the role of women in society. The experiences of agricultural workers across America (labour rights, wages, hours, health and safety, land ownership and tenancy). The role of entrepreneurs, corporations, businesses and state politicians in shaping life in the West and frontier territories. The New Deal and civil rights 2 Situation of women, African Americans, The impact of the Great Depression on living and working conditions, Badger, Anthony J. The New Deal: The Depression
Native American Indians and workers and trade unions by 1932. Roosevelt and the New Deal – motives as regards minority groups. unemployment, poverty and health. Roosevelt’s developing aims and motives for the New Deal in relation to minority groups. Nature and extent of powers and constraints upon FDR in tackling issues of civil liberties. Years, 1933–1940 (2002) Clements, P. Prosperity, Depression and the New Deal (1997) Hodder and Stoughton, London De Pennington, J. Modern America: The USA 1865 to the Present (2005) SHP Hodder, London Hoftsader, R. The Age of Reform (1955) Jones, M. The Limits of Liberty: American History 1607-1980 (1983) Oxford Kennedy, David M. Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, (1999) Oxford University Press, New York Leuchtenburg, William E. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932–1940. (1963). Murphy, D. (ed.) United States 1776-1992 (2001) Harper Collins, London Powell, J. FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and his New Deal prolonged the Great Depression (2003) Crown Publishing Group, New York 2 How far the New Deal improved economic status and civil rights for women, African Americans, Native American Indians and workers and trade unions. The nature and extent of developments in the First and Second New Deals in terms of the improvement of economic status and civil rights. Strengths and weaknesses of the New Deal in terms of whether it: ended the Depression extended or constrained freedom 2 Nature, extent and effectiveness of opposition to relevant parts of the New Deal especially the Second New Deal and workers’ rights. Reasons for opposition to New Deal initiatives and reforms which dealt with Civil Rights: political beliefs and opposition to FDR’s methods (accusations of fascism, dictatorial) economic theories and principles southern political mentality and continued segregation Republican sentiments Types of opposition: Republican and Democrat workers
Rauchway, E. The Great Depression and the New Deal: A Very Short Introduction (2008) Oxford University Press, New York Spiller, J. (ed.) The United States 1763-2001 (2005) Routledge, Abingdon Zinn, H. A People’s History of the USA 1492-present (1995) New York American Liberty League Supreme Court Huey Long and Share Our Wealth Francis Townsend FDR’s reactions to opposition and the extent to which this led to progress or limitations with civil rights issues. Malcolm X and Black Power 2 Malcolm X as a civil rights leader: aims and motivations, methods, extent of success, and nature and extent of change in these over time. Nature and impact of his leadership in terms of his aims, motivations, methods, success, changing priorities and legacy to the Black Power movement. Autobiography of Malcolm X (2001 ed.; intro by Gilroy, P.) Penguin Classics, London Ball, J. & Burroughs, T.S. A Lie of Reinvention: Exposing Manning Marable’s Malcolm X (2012) Black Classic Press, Baltimore De Pennington, J. Modern America: The USA 1865 to the Present (2005) SHP Hodder, London Field, R. Civil Rights in America 1865-1980 (2002) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Jones, M. The Limits of Liberty: American History 1607-1980 (1983) Oxford 2 Reasons for the rise of Black Power. Development of the Black Power movement and impact on other civil rights groups and approaches, such as Non-Violent Direct Action. Relationship of Black Power with other civil rights causes, including women and workers. Nature, process and pace of development of Black Power. Methods, appeal and publicity of their campaign for civil rights: militant and peaceful methods extent of active or passive support international and national media attention nature of journalistic reporting eulogies and memory general need for economic justice Contributions of key individuals and
Marable, M. Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention (2012) Penguin, London Myers, W.D. Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary (1993) Scholastic, New York Perry, B. Malcolm X (1991) Station Hill Tuck, S. The Night Malcolm X Spoke at the Oxford Union: A Transatlantic Story of Protest (2014) University of California Press, Oakland White, J. Black Leadership in America: From Booker T. Washington to Jess Jackson (1990) Longman, Harlow activists such as Stokely Carmichael, James Meredith. Positive and negative relations with other civil rights groups or leaders such as Non-Violent Direct Action, Black Panthers, NAACP, Martin Luther King, SCLC, MFDP, CORE, Bobby Seale, Fred Shuttlesworth. Impact on other civil rights groups’ methods of campaign or success by the 1960s (militancy, radicalism, use of media, hostile reaction, public support, culture, confidence, legal reform, use of slogans). Significance of events such as the ‘March against Fear’. Nature and extent of the tension or division over campaign methods and principles, such as the issues of black pride, nationalism, religious belief and separatism. 2 Extent of success of the Black Power movement and its impact on civil rights for African Americans. Short- and long-term success, and the comparative contributions of key individuals. Role of the media and public impressions. Impact on the attitudes and expectations of African Americans. Government reactions and reasons for these (support, reform, limitations). Impact on Supreme Court cases. Significance of the Civil Rights Act