weapon Why was OPEC set up and how did it work? How did OPEC use oil as a weapon e.g. in 1973 The Arab-Israeli Conflict (Seminar Studies in History), Kisrten E. Schulze A History of the Middle East (4th edition), Peter Mansfield The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: A Very Short Introduction, Martin Bunton A Line in the Sand: Britain, France and the Struggle for Master of the Middle East, James Barr Cursed Victory: A History of Israeli and the Occupied Territories, Ahron Bregman The Arabs: A History – Second Edition, Eugene Rogan 1 Oil wars and strategy Reasons for American involvement in the Iran-Iraq, Gulf and Iraq wars Role of individual countries in oil wars and strategy e.g. Saddam Hussein’s Iraq Zionism, Israel and the Palestinian issue 2 Zionist ideas and the impact of the First and Second World wars Origins and development of Zionist ideas from Herzl Jewish emigration to Palestine before and during the First World War Growth of Zionism in the 1920 and 1930s How the second world war and the Holocaust influenced Zionism Access to History: The Middle East 1908-2011 (second edition), Michael (Hodder) also contains an excellent bibliography The Arab-Israeli Conflict (Seminar Studies in History), Kisrten E. Schulze A History of the Middle East (4th edition), Peter Mansfield The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: A Very Short Introduction, Martin Bunton A Line in the Sand: Britain, 3 The Jewish Agency The creation of Israel and the 1948 war Arab-Israeli Wars Reasons for the creation of the Jewish Agency How the Agency worked Role of Zionism and anti-Zionism in Arab-Israeli Wars and invasions Impact of Arab-Israeli Wars and
Statehood and Pan Arabism in the Middle East 2 The progress of Arabism from 1908 What was Pan Arabism? How did it develop from 1908? Why did it gain in popularity and why did it wane? Access to History: The Middle East 1908-2011 (second edition), Michael (Hodder) also contains an excellent bibliography The Arab-Israeli Conflict (Seminar Studies in History), Kisrten E. Schulze A History of the Middle East (4th edition), Peter Mansfield The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: A Very Short Introduction, Martin Bunton A Line in the Sand: Britain, France and the Struggle for Master of the Middle East, James Barr Cursed Victory: A History of Israeli and the Occupied Territories, Ahron Bregman The Arabs: A History – Second Edition, Eugene Rogan 3 Nasser and the Arab revolution in Egypt and Syria 1954-70 The impact of the Wars and regional rivalries Role of Nasser in Pan-Arabism Nasser’s Egypt – key features Nasser’s role in development of Syria How the wars impacted on Nasser and Pan-Arabism in general 2 Democratic, monarchical and authoritarian states including Ataturk’s secular state and its successors; monarchies including Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the Wahhabi Movement Key features and characteristics of political, religious and economic development in these states 3 Syria including the Baathist Movement, the Assads and risings to 2011; Iraq from Faisal to Saddam Hussein and Iran from Shah (1925) to Ayatollahs Impact of Baathism on Syria and Iraq Extent of similarity and/or difference with other states e.g. Turkey, Jordan, Saudi Arabia Religion, ethnicity and political minorities 2 Sunni and Shia in the Arab States; Egypt and the Muslim Brotherhood from 1920; How Sunni and Shia communities developed and interacted across the period Impact of the Muslim Brotherhood Access to History: The Middle East 1908-2011 (second edition), Michael (Hodder) also Israeli
yOU COULD CHOOSE TO INTEGRATE THIS WITHIN THE SECTION ABOVE, SHOULD YOU WISH TO TEACH THIS CHRONOLOGICALLY, HOWEVER PLEASE NOTE QUESTIONS ON THE THEMATIC ESSAY ARE THEMATIC IN NATURE, WHEREAS THE ARE ROOTED IN INTERPRETATIONS. Key Topic Number of Lessons Indicative Content Extended Content Resources British Policy and the Middle East 1908-1948 2 British imperial aims pre-1914, the First World War and the partition of the Middle East (Sykes-Picot Agreement, the Balfour Declaration, letters, the Peace Treaties) General British imperial aims e.g. route to India, protecting the empire How the First World War affected British aims Reasons why Sykes-Picot was agreed and its terms Reasons for the Balfour Declaration Impact of the McMahon-Hussein letters Impact of the peace treaties on British policy and attitudes to the British Access to History: The Middle East 1908-2011 (second edition), Michael Scott-Baumann (Hodder) also contains an excellent bibliography The Arab-Israeli Conflict (Seminar Studies in History), Kisrten E. Schulze A History of the Middle East (4th edition), Peter Mansfield The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: A Very Short Introduction, Martin Bunton A Line in the Sand: Britain, France and the Struggle for Master of the Middle East, James Barr Cursed Victory: A History of and the Occupied Territories, Ahron Bregman The Arabs: A History – Second Edition, Eugene Rogan 2 policy approaches to the British Mandates of Palestine and Transjordan; British oil companies; relations with Faisal and Iraq; relations with Arabs and Jews and the proposed solutions; problems and policy in British Egypt; How the mandates were governed Economic, political and social development Actions of oil companies Why relations with Faisal and Iraq changed How relations with Arabs and Jews changed in the 1920s and 1930s Proposed solutions and their reception Reasons for problems in Egypt and British reactions 2 the impact of the Second World War and the Biltmore Declaration; the reasons for withdrawal British government white paper in 1939 Increasing US involvement and interest Jewish terrorism- impact of the Biltmore Conference
from Palestine in 1948. Decision to hand over Palestine to the Un – reasons for and impact of decision Arab-Israeli Conflict 1948-1956 2 Arab attitudes in 1948, particularly towards the Palestinians; the creation of the state of Israel; the reasons for an attack on Israel and the First Arab-Israeli War 1948–1949; the reasons for Israel’s survival and Arab attitudes to this (perpetual war); Arab response to partition plans in 1947 Civil war in Palestine 1947-48 Deir Yassin Reasons for an attack on Israel Phases of fighting and outcomes Armistice agreements and ‘perpetual war’ Access to History: The Middle East 1908-2011 (second edition), Michael Scott-Baumann (Hodder) also contains an excellent bibliography The Arab-Israeli Conflict (Seminar Studies in History), Kisrten E. Schulze A History of the Middle East (4th edition), Peter Mansfield The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: A Very Short Introduction, Martin Bunton A Line in the Sand: Britain, France and the Struggle for Master of the Middle East, James Barr Cursed Victory: A History of Israeli and the Occupied Territories, Ahron Bregman The Arabs: A History – Second Edition, Eugene Rogan 2 the Suez Crisis of 1956, the Second Arab-Israeli War and the expansion of Israel Reasons for the Suez crisis inside Egypt Great power actions and attitudes to Suez Winners and losers after Suez Reasons for the Second Arab-Israeli war Outcome for Israel 2 the reasons for Israel’s success and the impact on the Palestinians (refugees) and the Arab World, especially Egypt, Syria, Jordan and the Different and similar reasons for Israeli defeating Egypt, Syria and Jordan Impact on the Palestinians e.g. UN Resolution 242 Wider impact in the Middle East
Lebanon. Nasserism 1952-1970 2 Nasser and Pan Arabism; Arab Socialism (nationalisation of industry and finance, land reform and development from above) Nasser’s background, beliefs and career to 1952 Origins and growth of Pan Arabism The Egyptian Revolution and the Baghdad Pact ‘Voice of the Arabs’ Key characteristics of Arab socialism – how effective was it? For students: Access to History: The Middle East 1908-2011 (second edition), Michael Scott-Baumann (Hodder) also contains an excellent bibliography The Arab-Israeli Conflict (Seminar Studies in History), Kisrten E. Schulze For teachers: A History of the Middle East (4th edition), Peter Mansfield The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: A Very Short Introduction, Martin Bunton A Line in the Sand: Britain, France and the Struggle for Master of the Middle East, James Barr Cursed Victory: A History of Israeli and the Occupied Territories, Ahron Bregman 2 relations with Britain, France, the US and the USSR; the Suez Crisis 1956; regional rivalry and the Arab Cold War 1956–1963 (Egypt, Iraq and the creation of the United Arab Republic) Nasser’s relations with Britain, France and the USA and how they changed after 1956 Relations with the USSR Czech arms deal Divisions within the Arab world and Nasser’s motives 1956-63 Reasons for creation of, and failure of, UAR 2 Nasser and the movement; 1967 War and the death of Pan Arabism. Reasons for involvement in movement and key characteristics Effects of 1967 war on Nasser and public opinion Waning interest in Pan Arabism Reasons for death of Pan Arabism