Understand the importance of rules in sport. Identify the rules (or laws) as regulated by the National Governing Body (NGB) for at least one chosen sport. In order to ensure that games or matches are played fairly and safely, all sports have a variety of rules (or laws in the case of cricket) which must be adhered to. Rules also help the officials to make an accurate judgement on which team is winning. EXAMPLE Here are some examples of rules and why they are important: Fair: In a tennis match, the umpire tosses a coin to decide who serves first, to make it fair. Safe: Football players are not allowed to perform a two-footed tackle, as this would be unsafe. Accurate judgement: Gymnastics judges have judging criteria that they follow when scoring a performance to ensure that their score is not biased. National Governing Bodies (NGBs) are organisations with a variety of functions, one of which is to ensure that the sport is performed fairly and correctly. They are therefore responsible for applying the set of rules for a given sport. EXAMPLE Here are some examples of rules and why they are important: Football: FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) Rugby: IRB (International Rugby Board) Badminton: BWF (Badminton World Federation) Orienteering: IOF (International Orienteering Federation) EXAMPLE Here is an example of some of the rules of badminton, applied by the Badminton World Federation. A badminton court is 13.4 m long by 6.1 m wide. A synthetic or natural shuttlecock should be used. The shuttlecock must be below the waist when contact is made during a serve. The player that reaches a score of 21 first wins. The winner must lead by two clear points. The shuttlecock must land within the bounds of the court to win a point. 1. Can you identify three reasons why it is important to have rules in sport?
Sports Cards Rugby You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Football You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Tennis You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Badminton You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Field Hockey You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Ice Hockey You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. 100m Sprint You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Basketball You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Netball You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Roller Derby You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Sailing You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Cricket You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Rounders You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Baseball You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Judo You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport. Orienteering You must not mention specific positions or equipment for this sport.
Facilities Example The regulations regarding facilities vary depending on the sport. There are regulations relating to the provision of first aid, as well as changing and showering facilities, when playing at a higher level. Cricket can be played in a field with limited equipment. Swimming on the other hand requires a swimming pool with changing facilities. Health and Safety Example Before the start of a game, officials will check that all health and safety rules are adhered to before allowing it to proceed. This includes ensuring that the pitch/court is safe to play on, ensuring that the correct equipment is being worn by all players, and checking that no player is putting themselves or others at risk. Before the start of a rugby match, officials will check that the ground is suitable to play on (e.g. no frost or sharp materials on the pitch). They will also check that all players are wearing shin guards and that nobody is wearing jewellery. Time Example Some sports have a set time limit, while others are played until there is a winner. Sometimes the referee stops the clock, for example when a player is injured, and this time is added on at the end as ‘injury time’. NBA basketball matches are played in four quarters of twelve minutes, and the final score is given at 48 minutes. Tennis, on the other hand, is played until one player wins the game, with no time limit. Officials Example Officials are required to oversee a game, and ensure that all rules are adhered to by players, coaches, managers and spectators. This ensures that games are played safely and fairly. As the level of competition increases, a greater number of officials are required. A school football match can be played with one referee, whilst professional football matches require additional linesmen and sometimes a fourth official. 1. Complete the following table. Take examples from at least two sports: Category of Regulation Example Why does this regulation exist? Players and participants Younger players are less developed and find it harder to cope with larger sizes.
Split the class into groups of four and give each group a piece of A3 paper with a different sport written in the centre. Give each group three minutes to create a mind map of situations that may arise in that sport where a rule will need to be applied. At the end of the three minutes, the mind map should be passed to the next group, which will then be given a further three minutes to write how the rule would be applied in each of the situations listed, for example: Main 1. Explain the importance of the correct application of rules within sport. 2. Focus on the application of rules surrounding goal-or-point-scoring in football, cricket, basketball and rugby. Plenary Download ‘You are the ref’ cartoons from http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/series/you-are-the-ref (these are online every Friday). Students should suggest how the ref should respond in the situations given (answers are online every Monday). Materials 1. Student summary handout 2. A.4 Activities A.5 – Suggested Trip Choose a sport and go and watch a competitive match so that students can watch the officials and see how they apply rules in specific situations. Have a discussion after the match to see if students can point out examples. If this cannot be organised, then teachers could show a match on DVD, questioning students on why decisions were made to check/reinforce understanding. A.4 Application of Rules/Laws Learning Objectives – After this lesson you should be able to: Apply the rules of your selected sport in four specific situations. Once you have learnt the rules for the sports of your choice, it is important to learn how to apply them in specific situations. One example of a situation in sport where officials need to make a decision based on the laws of the game relates to goal-or-point-scoring. This is explained in detail for four different sports below: Football: Offside Rule
Swimming Tennis serve Skating Triple jump Golf swing 2. For a sport of your choice, identify a continuous, serial, and discrete skill. You should consider the movement of the technique, any equipment involved, and communication involved. Refer to the hockey example for guidance. Chosen Sport: a) Continuous Skill: Movement: Equipment: Communication: b) Serial Skill: Movement: Equipment: Communication: c) Discrete Skill Movement: Equipment: Communication: Lesson Plan 8 B.4 Relevant Skills and Techniques Learning Aims All students should: able to describe the technical demands of two selected sports. Keywords: dribbling, passing, shooting, throw-in *Note: This lesson will need to take place in a computer room. Starter
b) Defensive tactics: Example Description Why might it be used? Lesson Plan 13 B.7 and B.9 Effective Use of Skills, Techniques and Tactics in Conditioned Practices Some students should: able to use relevant skills, techniques and tactics effectively, in two selected sports, in conditioned practices.