Example: The crab had an unusual growth on its it’s = contraction for it is or is has (in a verb phrase): Example: It’s still raining; it’s been raining for three days. (Pronouns have apostrophes only when two words are being shortened into one. Their, There, They’re their = possessive noun Example: They got books. there = that place Example: My house is over there. (This is a place word, and so it contains the word here.) they’re = contraction for they are: Example: They’re making dinner. To, Too, Two to = preposition, or part of the infinitive form of a verb: Example: They went to the lake to swim. too = very, also: Example: I was too tired to continue. I was hungry too. two = the number 2: Example: Two students scored below passing on the exam. Too can mean also or can be an intensifier, and you might say that it contains an extra O (“one too many”) We’re, Where, Were we’re = contraction for we are: Example: We’re glad to help. (Pronouns have apostrophes only when two words are being shortened into one.) where = location: Example: Where are you going? (This is a place word, and so it contains the word here.) were = a past tense form of the verb be: Example: They were walking side by side. Your, You’re your – possessive pronoun: Example: Your shoes are untied. you’re = contraction for you are: Example: You’re walking around with your shoes untied. The Art of Styling Sentences for 10th Grade Pattern Number Definition Pattern Example
6 An Introductory Series of Appositives (with a dash and a summarizing subject) The key summarizing word before the subject may be one of such, all, those, this, many, each, which, what, these, something, someone. Sometimes this summary word will be the subject, but other times it will merely modify the subject. Appositive, appositive, appositive – summary word S V. Twitter, Facebook, email – which should he use? Mickey Mouse, Magic Mountain, the Light Parade – these mean Disneyland to children. 7 An Internal Series of Appositives or Modifiers (enclosed by a pair of dashes or parentheses) – – S or appositive, appositive, appositive or V . ( ) They learned the qualities of sportsmanship – cooperation, practice, and dedication – by carefully studying their coach’s example. The basic writing skills (good vocabulary, knowledge of grammar, sense of style) can be learned by almost everyone. 10A A variation: Appositive (single or pair or series) a Dash S V word – the appositive. (echoed idea or second naming) It has always been my favorite movie – The Matrix. A koala spends its whole life in one environment – eucalyptus trees. 11 Interrupting Modifier Between S and V (“When a modifier comes between the subject and the verb, you may separate it from the main elements of the sentence with a pair of commas or a pair of dashes. For variety, if the modifier is merely an aside within the sentence (a kind of whisper), put parentheses around it. This modifier can be a single work, a pair of words, or even a phrase that provides additional information, as in the examples below.”) S , modifier , V . S – modifier – V . S (modifier that whispers) V. Research on the computer – using resources such as Wikipedia – makes writing papers much easier. The restaurants downtown, whether Thai, Italian or American, all offer excellent food. The Art of Styling Sentences for 8th Grade Pattern Number Definition Pattern Example
You still need a semi-colon before the connector, but a comma after the connector is optional. 1B The second variation to Pattern 1- use one of the coordinating conjunctions S V; S V, and S V. S V, but S V; S V I didn’t do it; John said he didn’t do it, but the vase was certainly broken. 1C Third variation to Pattern 1- use two or more semicolons to connect three or more complete sentences __S__V__; _S___V__; _S___V. John got an A; Jennie also got an A; unfortunately George got a C. 4 A Series Without a Conjunction ( a series in any in the sentence) __A,____B,____C____. The United States has a government of the people, by the people, for the people. 4A A Series With a Variation _A_or_B or _A__and__B__and_C__. Many ice hockey games lead to broken ribs or sprained knees or dislocated shoulders- or even worse. 14 Prepositional Phrase Before S and V Prepositional phrase_S__V_(or_V__S_). With horrified attention, we watched the planes crash into the World Trade Center. Basics for the 8 or 11 Sentence Paragraph Writing the Mini – A mini-essay is a simple body paragraph of 8 or 11 sentences composed and arranged in the following order: Sentence 1 – Thesis Sentence Sentence 2 – Concrete detail (example to prove/support #1) Sentence 3 – Commentary (explains or analyzes CD) Sentence 4 – Commentary (explains why/how the detail proves or clarifies the thesis) Sentence 5 – Concrete detail (gives a second example to prove/support #1) Sentence 6 – Commentary (explains or analyzes CD) Sentence 7 – Commentary (explains why/how #5 relates to #1)
Advanced Placement of the College Board Tone Word List Tone Shift: Good authors are rarely monotone. A speaker's attitude can shift on a topic, or an author might have one attitude toward the audience and another toward the subject. The following are some clues to watch for shifts in tone: • Key words (but, yet, nevertheless, however, although) • Changes in sentence length • Punctuation (dashes, periods, colons) • Sharp contrasts in diction • Paragraph divisions Positive amiable appreciative authoritative benevolent compassionate confident consoling ecstatic encouraging energetic enthusiastic exuberant fanciful impassioned jubilant lighthearted optimistic passionate peaceful relaxed reverent romantic soothing sympathetic vibrant whimsical Negative accusing admonitory agitated apathetic arrogant artificial audacious belligerent callous childish choleric coarse condemnatory condescending contradictory critical desperate disappointed disgruntled disgusted facetious furious indignant inflammatory insulting irritated manipulative obnoxious outraged passive quarrelsome shameful surly testy wrathful Sorrow/Fear/Worry aggravated agitated anxious apologetic apprehensive dejected foreboding grave hollow hopeless lugubrious miserable morose mournful ominous paranoid pessimistic pitiful poignant regretful remorseful resigned solemn somber staid amused bantering bitter caustic comical condescending contemptuous critical cynical disdainful facetious flippant giddy humorous insolent ironic irreverent joking malicious mock-heroic mocking mock-serious patronizing pompous quizzical ribald ridiculing sad sarcastic sardonic satiric scornful sharp taunting teasing whimsical wry Miscellaneous allusive apathetic authoritative baffled candid ceremonial clinical contemplative conventional detached didactic disbelieving disinterested dramatic earnest expectant factual fervent formal forthright frivolous histrionic humble incredulous informative inquisitive instructive intimate judgmental learned loud lyrical matter-of-fact meditative nostalgic objective obsequious patriotic persuasive pleading pretentious provocative questioning reflective reminiscent resigned restrained seductive sentimental serious shocking sincere smooth unemotional urgent vexed wistful zealous