Table 6: Matrix of Potential Environmental Impact and Possible Mitigation Measures: Irrigation Issue Mitigation measures Duration Who responsible? Monitoring/ management Recommendation during project design phase Protected areas The subproject is not in protected areas, however, it may have some trees or vegetation along irrigation canal thus engineer should design to avoid damaging trees as possible. D2 Long term Engineer and Environment Specialist (ES) Implementing Agency (IA)/Executing Agency (EA)/Environment Specialist (ES) Protection of cultural heritage The subproject is not in Protection of cultural heritage area, however, project manager and engineer should pay attention to avoid damaging cultural and heritage sites and artifacts as possible. D2 Medium term Contractor/ ES/APSARA Authority IA/EA/ES Fish migration Engineer should design to avoid or reduce any impact on fish migration. Water way for fish movement should be provided. The construction should be implemented during dry season. D2 Short term Engineer/ES IA/EA/ES Downstream impact (water quantity) Most of irrigation are challenging to water quantity, especially during dry season. The water remained mostly only during rainy season thus the downstream farmers have D4 Long term Engineer/ES IA/EA/ES/Engineer
Dust and material Transportation Air pollution and noise construction zone. Dry material handling and transport generate large amounts of dust thus: The Contractor shall prepare a dust control program. Water shall be sprayed where dry materials are handled, crushed and transported. Vehicles transporting materials are to be covered to reduce spills and dust. Vehicle and equipment emissions cause air pollution and noise: Hence, vehicles and equipment are to be maintained to meet Cambodian emission and noise standards.. Construction within 100m of a village or town is to be limited to lunch hours and night time. D2 D2 Short Term Short term Contractor Contractor IA/EA/ES Investigator should check and observe at the site during construction and also interview with villagers living around the area IA/EA/ES
Human wastes from construction. Solid waste generation from construction camp, work sites and workers Traffic and transport of Provision of sanitary facilities (toilets, digging soil etc.) with proper waste disposal, especially a construction area closed to village or resident, will be provided by contractors. Solid waste can create nuisance and bad odor, encourage disease vectors (such as flies and rats), block drainage system and hazard to environment. Hence, sufficient garbage containers are to be provided in construction camps and at work site, and be emptied daily, the waste being disposed of in an approved landfill or site. Every camp and work site should be clean during stay and before moving to a new sites. Construction vehicles will comply with national speed D2 D3 D2 Short term Short term Short term Contractor Contractor Contractor IA/EA/ES Investigator should observe at a worker camp area during construction and also interview with some villagers in the village etc. IA/EA/ES Investigator should observe at a worker camp area during construction IA/EA/ES
Movement of people and animals Worker safety and health Transmission of sexually to be used) to ensure adequate cleanup of any spills. Some sections may be a passing way of animals and people. Therefore a temporary bypass or bridge should be provided for ensuring normal passing activities of local people and animals. Workers should wear protection equipment during works to ensure that they are safe and good health. A contractor should develop a guideline on working mechanism, health and safety during construction. Manager should educate his workers on health and safety projection. Provide sanitation and portable water. D2 D3 D3 Medium term Short term Long term Contractor Contractor Contractor IA/EA/ES Investigator should observe at the worker camp area during construction and also interview with villagers in the village etc. IA/EA/ES Investigator should check and observe at a construction site during construction. IA/EA/ES