A1.7 Technical and operating features of 3GPP Technologies Functionality Characteristic Measurement Unit GSM/EDGE UMTS HSPA+ LTE Ability to reliably establish an appropriate device link % of time Depends on deployment (typical > 99%) Depends on deployment (typical > 99%) Depends on deployment (typical > 99%) Depends on deployment (typical > 99%) Ability to maintain an appropriate connection failure rate per 1000 sessions Depends on deployment (typical < 1%) Depends on deployment (typical < 1%) Depends on deployment (typical < 1%) Depends on deployment (typical < 1%) Voice Yes Yes Yes Yes Data Max user data rate per user in Mbps Using 8 slots: 0.1856 Mbps (GPRS UL/DL) 0.5568 Mbps (EGPRS UL/DL) 0.928 Mbps (EGPRS2-A DL) 0.7424 Mbps (EGPRS2-A UL) Rel-7: Downlink dual carrier, 2x (EGPRS, EGPRS2-A) Rel-12: Downlink multi carrier, 2x – 16x (EGPRS, EGPRS2-A) 2.048 Mbps 346 Mbps DL; 34 Mbps UL for Rel 12 ~4 Gbps DL; ~1.5 Gbps UL for Rel 12 Video Max resolution in pixels @ x fps Yes Yes Yes Yes Geographic coverage area km2 35 km radius with normal timing advance; 120 km radius with extended timing advance 120 km radius for extended range cells 120 km radius for extended range cells 100 km radius Link budget dB 146.36/ 133.39 dB (Veh A50) (EGPRS) With Rx diversity at BTS: 144 dB for Up to 147 dB Up to 147 dB (additional coverage extension planned for Rel-13) Up to 143 dB DL; Up to 133 dB UL (additional coverage extension planned for Rel13) Maximum relative movement rate km/s 350 km/h 350 km/h 350 km/h 350 km/h
Maximum Doppler Hz 1000 with channel tracking equalizer 648 648 648 Peak over the air uplink data rate Mbps 0.271 Mbps (GPRS) 0,8125 Mbps (EGPRS) 1.0833 Mbps (EGPRS2-A) 1.024 Mbps 34 Mbps for Rel 12 ~1.5 Gbps for Rel 12 Peak over the air downlink data rate Mbps 0.271 Mbps (GPRS) 0.8125 Mbps (EGPRS) 1.3542 Mbps (EGPRS2-A) Rel-7: Downlink dual carrier, 2x (EGPRS, EGPRS2-A) Rel-12: Downlink multi carrier, 2x – 16x (EGPRS, EGPRS2-A) 2.048 Mbps 346 Mbps for Rel 12 ~4 Gbps for Rel 12 Peak goodput uplink data rate Mbps Using 8 slots: 0.1856 Mbps (GPRS) 0.5568 Mbps (EGPRS) 0.7424 Mbps (EGPRS2-A) 0.960 Mbps ~29 Mbps (~15% overhead wrt PHY) ~1.275 Gbps (~15% overhead wrt PHY) Peak goodput downlink data rate Mbps Using 8 slots: 0.1856 Mbps (GPRS) 0.5568 Mbps (EGPRS) 0.928 Mbps (EGPRS2-A) Rel-7: Downlink dual carrier, 2x (EGPRS, EGPRS2-A) Rel-12: Downlink multi carrier, 2x – 16x (EGPRS, EGPRS2-A) 1.920 Mbps ~294 Mbps (~15% overhead wrt PHY) ~3.4 Gbps (~15% overhead wrt PHY)
Maximum packet size Bytes 1560 octets at RLC interface No fixed size for FDD (depends on modulation level and number of channelization codes); TDD (3.84 Mbps) = 12750 bytes (see 3GPP 25.321) 42192 bits per stream on DL; 22996 bits for UL 8188 bytes for DL/UL Segmentation support Yes/No Yes Yes Yes Yes Diversity technique antenna, polarization, space, time Yes Yes Yes Yes Beam steering Yes/No No No (for Rel 5) Yes Yes Retransmission ARQ/HARQ/- Yes, e.g., ARQ, HARQ Redundancy Yes, e.g., ARQ/HARQ Yes, e.g., ARQ/HARQ Yes, e.g., ARQ/HARQ Error correction technique Punctured convolutional coding Turbo added in EGPRS2-A per Rel 7 Convolutional and Turbo Convolutional and Turbo Turbo; Tail Biting Convolution on BCH Interference cancellation Yes, e.g., Single Antenna Interference Cancellation (SAIC) DL IRC DL and UL No (for Rel 5) Yes for both DL and UL Yes RF frequency of operation Multiple bands per 3GPP 45.005 Specified in 3GPP 25.101 Specified in 3GPP 25.101 Specified in 3GPP 36.101 Retries Configurable Configurable Configurable Configurable RSSI Yes; 64 levels between -110 dBm+scale and dBm+scale Yes; 77 levels between -100 dBm and -25 dBm Yes; 77 levels between -100 dBm and -25 dBm LTE reports Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) for LTE neighbor cells and RSSI (77 levels between -100 dBm and -25 dBm) for HSPA and EDGE neighbor cells. See 3GPP TS 36.133.
Lost packets Residual BLER = 1% after HARQ Residual BLER = 1% after HARQ Depends on operating point but typically 1% residual BLER after HARQ Depends on operating point but typically 1% residual BLER after HARQ Mechanisms to reduce power consumption Yes, e.g., DTX, DRX and power control Yes, e.g., DTX, DRX Yes, e.g., DTX, DRX Yes, e.g., DTX, DRX Low power state support Yes Yes Yes, e.g., Longer DTX/DRX cycles in all states Yes Point to point Yes Yes Yes Yes Point to Multipoint Yes Yes Yes Yes Broadcast Yes Yes Yes Yes Handover Yes Yes Yes Yes Media Access Method circuit-switched TDMA circuit-switched CDMA Scheduled packet based CDMA Scheduled packet based OFDMA Discovery Sync and Broadcast channel Sync and Broadcast channel Sync and Broadcast channel Sync and Broadcast channel Association Temporary Block Flow (TBF) Through various RNTIs Through HRNTI and ERNTI assigned to UEs Through CRNTI Traffic priority diffserv, resserv 3GPP-defined priorities 3GPP-defined priorities 3GPP-defined priorities 3GPP-defined priorities Radio queue priority Scheduler in base station Yes at the Node B scheduler Yes at the Node B scheduler Yes at the eNode B scheduler Location awareness (x,y,z coordinates) aGPS and UTDOA methods as per 3GPP spec aGPS and OTDOA methods as per 3GPP spec aGPS and OTDOA methods as per 3GPP spec A-GNSS, OTDOA, E-CID, UTDOA methods as per 3GPP spec Ranging (distance reporting) Encryption Algorithms supported A5/3, A5/4, GEA3 KASUMI KASUMI and SNOW 3G SNOW 3G/AES Authentication Yes Yes, mutual Yes, mutual Yes, mutual Replay protection Yes Yes Yes Yes Key exchange Protocols supported MILENAGE MILENAGE AKA AKA Interference sources Other users, cells and networks Other users, cells and networks Other users, cells and networks Other users, cells and networks Co-channel interference Managed as per 3GPP specs and implementation Managed as per 3GPP specs and implementation Managed as per 3GPP specs and implementation Managed as per 3GPP specs and implementation
Discovery and association method Yes, mobile continuously searches for the strongest base station. Mobile registers with a group of base stations, and associates with the strongest base station when transmitting/receiving data. Mobile registers and potentially receives a MAC ID. Yes, mobile continuously searches for the strongest base station. Mobile registers with a group of base stations, and associates with the strongest base station when transmitting/receiving data. Mobile registers and receives a MAC ID. Yes, mobile continuously searches for the strongest base station. Mobile registers with a group of base stations, and associates with the strongest base station when transmitting/receiving data QoS methods Yes, 3GPP2-defined priorities Yes, 3GPP2-defined priorities Yes, 3GPP2-defined priorities Location awareness Yes, GNSS and AFLT Yes. GNSS and AFLT No Ranging Yes, based on round trip delay measurement Yes, based on round trip delay measurement Not specified Encryption Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm (CMEA); AES AES AES Authentication/replay protection Yes; CAVE & AKA Yes; CHAP & AKA Yes; CHAP & AKA Key exchange CAVE, SHA-1 & SHA-2 for AKA SHA-1, SHA-2 & MILENAGE SHA-1, SHA-2 & MILENAGE Rogue node detection Yes, base station can be authenticated Yes, base station can be authenticated Yes, base station can be authenticated Unique device identification Uses 60 bits MEID and SimCard (optional) Uses 60 bits MEID and SimCard (optional) Uses 60 bits MEID and SimCard (optional) 2 Smart grid in North America A2.1 Introduction In the United States and Canada, government agencies have recognized the real-time, high-capacity capabilities of a smart grid will enable utilities and end users to access the full economic and environmental benefits from renewable, especially distributed renewable, resources. Similarly, these capabilities are expected to unleash the potential benefits of dynamic rate structures and demand response applications that require the ability to interact with many thousands of devices in real time. A2.2 Rationale for Smart Grid deployment U.S. and Canadian authorities already acknowledge a fully integrated communication network as an integral part of a smart grid. For instance, the U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored modern grid