Abbreviations 3‒APA 3‒aminopropionamid ALARA as low as reasonably achievable ANCNPAS Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey ATDS Australian Total Diet Study BMDL lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose BMDL10 lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose for a 10% response BPA Bisphenol A bw body weight CCCF Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods CCFA Codex Committee on Food Additives CIAA Confederation of the Food and Drink Industries of the EU DIAMOND Dietary Modelling of Nutritional Data – FSANZ’s dietary modelling computer program ESBO Epoxidised soybean oil FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FSANZ Food Standards Australia New Zealand GC-MS Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry GEMS Global Environmental Monitoring System GMP Good manufacturing practice HBGV health-based guidance value ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry ICP-OES Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry ISFR Implementation Sub-Committee for Food Regulation kg kilograms JECFA Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives JMPR Joint FAO/WHO Meetings on Pesticide Residues LC-MS Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry LOQ Limit of Quantification LOR Limit of Reporting mg milligram (one thousandth of a gram) mg/kg milligrams per kilogram MOE Margin of Exposure NATA National Association of Testing Authorities ND Not detected NHMRC National Health and Medical Research Council NMI National Measurement Institute
Baked beans in tomato sauce All pulses excluding soy beans Pulses (except soy beans) Beef, minced, lean All minced meat types excluding poultry Mince Beer, full strength Beer; spirits; non-cream & non-coffee liqueurs; non-fruit based spirits Beer, liqueurs and spirits Biscuits, savoury, corn based Savoury biscuits (excluding rice and wheat based); excluding extruded snacks Corn based savoury biscuits Biscuits, savoury, rice based Savoury biscuits (excluding corn and wheat based); rice crackers; rice cakes Rice based savoury biscuits Biscuits, savoury, wheat based Savoury biscuits (excluding corn and rice based); crackers; crispbread; excluding extruded snacks Wheat based savoury biscuits Biscuits, sweet, plain Commercial and homemade plain sweet biscuits (excluding filled); cones for ice cream Sweet plain biscuits Bread, fancy, fresh (savoury) Vegetable-, herb-, cheese-, or bacon-containing breads, buns and rolls; focaccias, savoury muffins Savoury breads Bread, fancy, fresh (sweet) Fruit containing breads, buns and rolls, bagels Fruit breads Bread, fancy, toasted (sweet) Fruit containing breads, buns and rolls(toasted) Toasted fruit breads Bread, flat (pita, burrito etc.) Flat breads; tortilla, lavash, pita, burrito, naans Flat breads Bread, multigrain, fresh Multigrain breads, rolls; pumpernickel Breads containing grains and seeds Bread, multigrain, toasted Multigrain breads (toasted) Breads containing grains and seeds, toasted Bread, white, fresh White and high-fibre white breads, rolls, focaccia; sour dough White breads (including high-fibre white)
Table A4.3: Estimated dietary exposures for consumers of acrylamide, derived using mean analytical concentrations Age group No. Respondents % consumers to respondents Estimated consumer dietary exposure µg/day µg/kg bw/day Mean 90th percentile Mean 90th percentile ND=0 ND=LOR ND=0 ND=LOR ND=0 ND=LOR ND=0 ND=LOR 9 months 10 30 20 70 1 4 2 8 2-‒5 years ϕ 1,178 100 30 60 50 90 2 3 3 5 6‒12 years ϕ 2,090 100 40 80 70 120 1 2 2 4 13‒16 years ϕ 1,219 100 50 100 90 150 1 2 2 3 17 years & above* 11,129 100 50 110 90 170 1 2 1 2 derived using a model diet ϕ derived using the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (Day 1 and 2 average) * derived using the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey Table A4.4: Contribution of major food groups to estimated acrylamide dietary exposures, derived using mean analytical concentrations Major food group Contribution (%) 9 months 2‒5 years ϕ 6‒12 years ϕ 13‒16 years ϕ 17 years & above* Alcoholic beverages 0 0 0 0 0 Cakes & biscuits 11 8 5 3 6 Cereal & grain based foods (excluding cakes and biscuits) 29 32 25 22 24 Snacks/Condiments 16 14 20 23 18 Dairy products 0 0 0 0 0 Fats & oils 0 0 0 0 0 Fruits & nuts 1 1 1 1 1 Infant foods 1 0 0 0 0
Butter 23rd ATDS Butter; ghee; animal fats Butter and animal fats Cabbage 23rd ATDS All green, red and Chinese (e.g. bok choy, Chinese flowering) cabbages; sauerkraut; kohlrabi; Brussels sprouts Cabbages, Brussels sprouts and kohlrabi Cake, chocolate, iced 24th ATDS Commercial plain cakes and cake-style muffins (includes iced and un-iced); cake-style puddings; brownies; scones. Excludes light and rich fruit cakes and sponges. Cakes and muffins (excluding fruit cakes and sponges) Cake, fruit 24th ATDS Commercial light and rich fruit cakes (dried fruit); plum and fruit puddings Fruit cakes and fruit puddings Cake, sponge, plain 24th ATDS Commercial plain sponge cakes Sponge cakes Capsicum 23rd ATDS Capsicum; chillies; capers; spices; curry pastes and powders Capsicums, chillies and spices Carrots 23rd ATDS Carrots and all other non-starchy root vegetables, excluding beetroot (radishes, horseradish, water chestnut, ginger) Root vegetables (non-starchy) Cauliflower 23rd ATDS Cauliflower Cauliflower Celery 23rd ATDS All stalk and stem vegetables (celery, celeriac, artichoke, rhubarb, bamboo shoot, fennel, artichoke) Stalk and stem vegetables Cheese, cheddar, full fat 23rd ATDS Cheeses; dried cheese (recipe mixes) Cheeses Chicken breast 23rd ATDS Skinless poultry fillets and pieces Poultry (skinless) Chicken mince 23rd ATDS Poultry fillets and pieces with the skin; poultry mince; poultry deli-meats Poultry (excluding skinless) Chicken products, battered or crumbed 24th ATDS Crumbed or battered poultry patties, meatballs, pieces; commercial vegetable fingers Battered and crumbed poultry (not takeaway)
Soy based infant formulas and foods 218.0 138.2 155.1 211.5 Sponge cakes 30.4 34.0 42.8 68.1 Spring rolls, dim sims and wontons 40.4 51.5 72.7 113.2 Stalk and stem vegetables; baked, stir-fried or cooked unspecified 10.5 9.8 14.0 51.5 Sugars, syrups and icings 16.2 31.3 43.9 47.0 Sweet pastries/pies/danishes 31.5 58.9 92.0 131.4 Sweet plain biscuits 12.5 14.3 19.2 27.4 Takeaway battered and crumbed poultry 37.2 50.8 74.1 133.1 Toasted fruit breads 25.3 32.3 43.2 55.0 Uncoated poultry 45.4 68.1 84.6 131.9 Water (non-bottled) 700.2 1012.4 1255.4 1120.9 Wheat based cereals and flours 22.9 27.0 31.0 32.5 Wheat based savoury biscuits 13.5 18.4 20.7 26.1 White breads (including high-fibre white) 46.8 54.3 64.5 100.6 White breads (including high-fibre white), toasted 26.6 38.5 47.3 61.9 White wines, wine coolers, rice and ginger wines 5.8 8.46 11.0 341.7 Whole cuts of meat 35.1 52.1 72.1 131.9 Wholemeal, rye and spelt breads 41.7 44.8 46.7 86.1 Wholemeal, rye and spelt breads, toasted 25.1 34.3 36.4 60.4 Yeast and yeast spreads 4.5 5.0 5.8 4.5 ϕ derived using the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey * derived using the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey # Different food groups have different numbers of consumers NC = not consumed
Herbal teas 97.8 236.5 215.7 499.2 Honey 6.8 8.2 8.3 17.4 Infant biscuits 3.5 NC NC NC Infant cereals 17.6 NC NC 54.0 Infant custards and yoghurts 93.3 111.7 98.2 57.6 Infant dinners 138.1 NC NC 33.0 Infant formulas & toddler milk (dairy based) 126.7 NC NC NC Infant formulas & toddler milk (soy based) 28.4 NC NC 152.4 Lamb, mutton, kangaroo and rabbit 27.9 40.0 46.7 113.1 Leafy vegetables and herbs 6.0 10.2 16.4 31.4 Margarines and margarine spreads 7.2 8.2 9.0 22.7 Melons 88.9 132.7 139.2 242.2 Mixed vegetables (frozen and dried) 22.1 27.5 29.6 82.9 Molluscs and crustacea 27.4 34.6 30.1 101.8 Muesli 34.7 63.6 69.6 83.2 Muesli bars 17.8 19.0 23.1 38.1 Mushrooms 11.1 17.3 21.5 39.4 Non-alcoholic beverages (except milk, waters and juices) 131.7 253.5 387.9 568.6 Oats 50.6 54.8 60.6 188.7 Offal (including pate and liverwurst) 10.4 24.0 52.8 57.3 Oils 3.5 5.2 6.4 12.4 Onions, garlic, shallots, spring onions and leeks 7.8 12.3 17.2 42.2 Pasta (non-egg), noodles (except rice) and couscous 65.5 81.6 109.6 183.9 Peanuts and peanut butter 6.8 8.3 10.6 17.5 Pears and loquats 40.6 48.3 47.6 124.4 Peas (fresh, dried and sprouts) and broad beans 14.7 19.1 23.0 55.7 Pikelets/pancakes from shaker 28.1 47.8 51.6 79.3