education in the last five years. After decades of neglect, these efforts were sorely needed. The Government’s political commitment has been exemplary – from President Mkapa’s second term in office to the steadfast resolve in the current government exhibited by President Kikwete, Prime Minister Lowassa and Minister Sitta. But this does not mean that the future is going to be any less challenging. As the numbers in primary education swell and the momentum to expand secondary education gathers steam, even greater strategic policy clarity will be needed to guide prioritization, resource allocation and implementation. We suggest the following five challenges are the most critical today. 1.7 Ethical Considerations taken into account The researcher insured confidentiality of information Additionally, the researcher revealed fully her identify, background, credibility and competence makes clear to participants that they have the chance to withdraw from the study at any stage if they wish. Support and counseling services was available to participants through the social welfare office at the research setting stations. During the study process, researcher assistant introduced to each potential participant before the face to face. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction This chapter review the literature of different aspects related to secondary education. The chapter will discuss the different theories and real situations in Tanzania particularly in Ilala Municipality. The researcher also discussed the policies that were
marketisation of education as the only legitimate device for promoting educational quality. „Quality‟ in this case is defined in terms of efficiency, value for money and meeting the demands of “educational consumers”. In seeking an alternative to this new rightist approach, Sayed contrasts „idealist‟ and „fitness for purpose‟ definitions of educational quality. The former identifies educational quality as a judgement of the level of achievement in some defined attribute relative to a standard – a „gold standard‟. In contrast, „fitness for purpose‟ approaches define quality in terms of the production of goods or services to fulfil perceived needs or to conform to specific criteria in their production – two variants. Described as consumer-oriented or producer-oriented approaches to quality. Sayed critiques both of these paradigms as providing only partial definitions of quality, where „partial‟ here means both incomplete and also relying on the judgment of only part of society. He goes on to suggest a resolution to this problem of the existence of these two distinct approaches by drawing on a model that appears in the ANC‟s Education And Training Policy document. This model is interesting in that it attempts to deal with what is commonly seen as a tension between the concepts of quality and equality in education. (See for example, the collection edited by Welch, 2000). This is done by using a notion of „quality as entitlement‟, essentially including the idea of equity within that of quality. A closer examination reveals that this does not actually remove the tension between quality and equity in practice but, it does ensure that „the notion of quality is disconnected from narrow concerns of costs which may
Qualitative Research is collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data by observing what people do and say. Qualitative research refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and descriptions of things. Qualitative research is much more subjective than quantitative research and uses very different methods of collecting information, mainly individual, in-depth interviews and focus groups. 6.7.2 Quantitative Analysis Quantitative Research options have been predetermined and a number of respondents are involved. By definition, measurement must be objective, quantitative and statistically valid. Simply put, it’s about numbers, objective hard data. The sample size for a survey is calculated by statisticians using formulas to determine how large a sample size will be needed from a given population in order to achieve findings with an acceptable degree of accuracy.