appliances, etc.) SOC cutting oils C-47 Tire Dumps Commercial M 2.4 2.8 C-11 Demolition areas Commercial M, T, PH, VOC Solvents; asbestos; paints; glues and other adhesives; waste insulation; lacquers; tars; sealants; epoxy waste; miscellaneous chemical wastes 2.3 3.2 C-24 Hospitals Commercial R, VOC, MP, D X-ray developers and fixers; infectious wastes; radiological wastes; biological wastes; disinfectants; asbestos; beryllium; dental acids; miscellaneous chemicals 2.2 2.5 C-26 Landscaping firms Commercial VOC, PH, SOC, NN Fertilizers; herbicides and other pesticides used for lawn and garden maintenance 2.1 2.0 C-5 Body shops Commercial VOC, PH Waste oils; solvents; acids; paints; automotive wastes; miscellaneous cutting oils 2.1 2.8 C-13 Equipment rental/repair shop Commercial PH, M, VOC 1.9 2.1 C-9 Cemeteries Commercial M, SOC, PH Leachate; arsenic; lawn and garden maintenance chemicals 1.8 1.2 C-21 Hardware/lumber/parts stores Commercial VOC, SOC, HM, M Hazardous chemical products in inventories; heating oil and fork lift fuel from storage tanks; wood-staining and treating products such as creosote, chlorophenolic compounds, chromium, copper, and arsenic 1.7 1.2 C-15 Funeral services and crematories Commercial M, MP, SOC, HM, VOC Formaldehyde; wetting agents; fumigants; solvents 1.7 1.7 C-28 Lawn/farms stores Commercial VOC, SOC, NN Fertilizers; herbicides and other pesticides used for lawn and garden maintenance 1.7 1.7 C-6 Campgrounds Commercial MP, SOC, VOC, PH Septate; gasoline; diesel fuel from boats; pesticides for controlling mosquitoes, ants, ticks, gypsy moths and other pests; household hazardous wastes from recreational vehicles (RVs) 1.6 1.6 C-34 Paint stores Commercial M, VOC, SOC Paints; paint thinners; lacquers; varnishes; other wood treatments 1.6 1.1
C-27 Laundromats Commercial VOC, SOC Detergents; bleaches; fabric dyes 0.9 1.1 C-54 Aquiculture/fishing lakes Commercial NN, MP, TO 0.8 1.3 C-58 Schools (includes colleges) Commercial 0.8 1.1 C-42 Recreational vehicle/mini storage Commercial PH, VOC 0.8 0.8 C-37 Pharmacies Commercial VOC, SOC Spilled and returned products 0.7 1.1 C-57 Prisons Commercial 0.7 0.8 C-53 Other (specify source) Commercial D-1 CERCLIS Database HM, M, VOC, SOC, R 6.7 5.3 D-2 Coal Dams Database HM, M, T, PH 4.8 5.4 D-6 TRI Database HM, M, VOC, SOC, R 4.7 4.8 D-4 RCRA Database HM, M, VOC, SOC, R 4.5 4.5 D-7 Historic Spills (USCG, WVDHSEM) Database 4.0 6.0 D-5 Solid Waste Facilities Database HM, M, VOC, SOC, NN 3.6 2.8 D-3 NPDES Database All 3.3 4.9 I-6 Chemical Spills Industrial PH, M, VOC, SOC 7.4 7.8 I-43 Clandestine Dumping Industrial M, VOC, SOC, TO, 6.9 6.1
HM I-5 Chemical Manufacture Industrial PH, R, M, VOC, SOC 6.2 6.5 I-17 Landfills: hazardous wastes Industrial PH, M, VOC, SOC Leachate; hazardous and nonhazardous wastes; nitrates 6.1 5.8 I-4 Chemical Landfills Industrial PH, M, VOC, SOC Leachate; hazardous and nonhazardous wastes; nitrates 5.9 5.5 I-36 Unsealed Abandoned Mines used as Waste Pits Industrial All Metals; acids; minerals; sulfides; other hazardous and nonhazardous chemicals 5.7 5.1 I-15 Industrial pipelines Industrial PH, M, VOC Corrosive fluids; hydrocarbons; other hazardous and nonhazardous materials and wastes 5.6 6.0 I-14 Hazardous waste storage, treatment, recycling Industrial PH, R, M, VOC, SOC 5.6 4.9 I-7 Chemical/petroleum pipelines Industrial PH, M, VOC, SOC 5.5 5.9 I-3 Chemical Drums/Storage Industrial PH, M, VOC, SOC Pesticides; fertilizer residues 5.4 5.3 I-23 Mines: abandoned Industrial M, T Metals; acids; minerals; sulfides; other hazardous and nonhazardous chemicals 5.2 5.0 I-25 Mining: underground Industrial M, T Mine spoils or tailings that often contain metals; acids; highly corrosive mineralized waters; metal sulfides 5.2 4.8 I-37 Waste Tailings ponds (common for mining waste) Industrial M, HM, T Acids; metals; dissolved solids; radioactive ores; other hazardous and nonhazardous wastes 4.9 4.7 I-47 Mine Wastes (gob piles, tailings, etc.) Industrial R, M, HM, T 4.9 3.0 I-45 Wells: Brine tanks/oil separators Industrial PH, M, VOC 4.9 4.4 I-16 Lagoon/Pond/Pit Industrial VOC, PH, SOC Sewage wastewater; nitrates or other liquid wastes; microbiological contaminants; Hazardous and nonhazardous liquid wastes; septate; sludge 4.8 5.1
Agricultural Landuses Pesticides and other chemicals used for farm operations can migrate into the water supply. Areas used for disposal of animal waste or burying dead livestock can also cause contamination of the source water. Increased nutrient load from these sources in surface water may result in algal growth. Algal presence may result in taste and odor issues. If stressed some algae also releases toxic chemicals that could cause a threat to human health. Work with the County Extension Service, the Soil and Water Conservation District, and/or the Natural Resource Conservation Service to provide copies of fact sheets covering best management practices for nutrient management, pesticide use, pest management, waste oil disposal, safe chemical handling and/or safe chemical storage. Consider working with the local Future Farmers of America members to distribute educational materials and best management practices information. Work with the local livestock owners to determine the placement of animal waste disposal areas and/or areas for burying dead livestock. Airports An airport is located within the SWPA. Given the close proximity to the intake, deicing, fueling, and maintenance activities at the Contact the airport maintenance personnel to discuss the application of deicing agents, such as those used on aircraft and runways. Determine the use of best management practices to control run off of deicing agents into the source water. In addition, determine if underground or above ground storage tanks exist at the airport. See strategies above that address spill prevention and clean up.
groundwater with, among other things, PCBs, benzene, toluene, and xylene. Oil, including petroleum and its constituents, and PCBs, can pose a threat to human health and the environment. Gas Stations and Auto Repair Shops Oils, antifreeze, and other automobile fluids can cause contamination of groundwater sources if not cleaned up and disposed of properly. Communicate with current junkyard and station owners the need for them to properly dispose of oil and other automobile products. Ask them to follow regulations and institute BMPs to contain and clean up spills. One such regulation is installing secondary containment around above ground storage tanks and/or chemical storage areas. Monitor compliance with state environmental regulations. Provide owners or operators with copies of material on underground storage tank maintenance. These facilities may already be implementing best management practices for monitoring and/or containing a potential leak or spill and may be reviewed. Consider whether operating or historic stations and shops are compliant with rules regarding USTs and leaking underground storage tanks (LUSTs). If you suspect an issue with an UST or LUST, contact the WVDEP at (304)926-0499 and ask for the Underground Storage Tank Staff for an inspection. Golf Course Maintenance of a golf course often requires fertilizer and pesticide application. These chemicals can leach into the ground and runoff into surface waters and contaminate the source water. Operator should speak with the golf course owners and maintenance personnel to communicate the vulnerability of source water to contamination from pesticides and fertilizers. Work with the owner or operator of the golf course to implement an Integrated Pest Management System (IPM) and ensure the use of BMPs when applying fertilizers. For more information on developing an IPM, visit: http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/factsheets/ipm.htm. Groundwater and The source water Participate in the development of a County Comprehensive Plan. The plan should prioritize abundant, clean
the construction. Hazardous Materials Transportation The hazardous materials storage facilities are located downstream of storage impoundment for the water supply. However, transportation of these materials occurs in the watershed and possibly the ZCC. Explore the possibility of erecting signs within the ZCC to alert motor carriers of the emergency number(s) to call should a spill occur. Contact carriers that transport materials within the ZCC and identify the types of materials commonly transported and how the materials are typically transported (truck, rail, barge, etc.). This information will be used to inform and properly prepare emergency response personnel. Contact carriers that transport materials within the ZCC and identify the types of materials commonly transported and how the materials are typically transported (truck, rail, barge, etc.). This information will be used to inform and properly prepare emergency response personnel. Heavy Equipment Repair and Storage Facility Several industrial facilities are located in the SWPA. Stormwater runoff from industrial and commercial sites (including truck fleets, school bus terminals, and car washes) may also contain automotive fluids and other substances that, if not managed properly, could contaminate water resources. Determine if stormwater management at commercial/industrial facilities includes oil/grease separators. Remind owners/operators to maintain the separators and dispose of petroleum products responsibly to prevent them from entering water resources. Inquire about facilities Groundwater Protection Plans (GPPs) and ask that the facilities consider the source water in planning and implementing BMPs. If you have questions regarding Groundwater Protection Plans, contact the WVDEP staff geologists at 304-926-0499 ext. 1052. Coordinate with company emergency preparedness personnel to insure that they are aware of the water intake and what to do in case of an emergency, including notification so that the intake can be shut down to prevent contamination from being drawn into the treatment plant. Ask for copies of the facilities Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for the chemicals used/stored on site. The MSDS sheets are information sheets provided by the manufacture explaining how to deal with first air, and spills of the chemical product. A facility should have a central location of these sheets and provide them if requested by the public or emergency responders.
Limestone Quarry There are limestone quarries located in the vicinity of the ZCC. While limestone itself would not be expected to be harmful to source water, vehicles and industrial equipment associated with the quarry could leak fuel or lubricants into surface or groundwater. Inventory quarry areas and determine the extent of mined areas that are draining into the surface water source. Note: quarries are usually areas of enhanced ground water recharge because water in pits soaks into the ground. Contact WVDHHR SWAP at 304-558-2981 for assistance on obtaining mapping and identifying potential threats. Visit the WV Geological and Economic Survey at http://www.wvgs.wvnet.edu/ to view or request mapping, directly. Once aware of existing quarries, participate in public comments periods before WVDEP issues mining permits for those areas. For more information on the public comment process and WVDEP program, concerned citizens can visit: http://www.dep.wv.gov/environmental-advocate/Documents/DEP2008CitizensGuide.pdf Limitation of Water Quantity Source water can be limited naturally due to drought conditions or during emergencies when the water plant cannot treat water. The utilities average production may be at or near their treatment capacity. The treatment capacity may be limited by the Currently the utility treatment plant runs more than 16 hours a day to meet demands. The utility should work with support agencies such as the WV Public Service Commission, WV Rural Water, and the WVDHHR to identify alternative sources and plant upgrades. To prepare for water shortages due to drought or emergencies, educate the public on water conservation practices by distributing the brochures described in Education and Outreach Strategies. The utility should conduct an alternatives analysis to determine the most feasible secondary water source. If construction of a reservoir is deemed feasible, begin approval process and seek funding.
Given that the railway parallels the surface water accidental spills, rights-of-way maintenance, and other activities could result in contamination of the water source. Plastic Production A plastic production plant is located within the ZCC. Flying W Plastics produces polyethylene pipes for water, gas, sewer, and conduit, and PVC pipes for sewer and drain applications. Volatile and synthetic organic compounds along with metals are used in the production of plastics. These chemicals if released could contaminate the source water and over time could result in chronic Provide mapping of the SWPA to Flying W Plastics to raise their awareness of the surface water source and its vulnerability to contamination. Ask the owners to participate in emergency response training and/or to develop an emergency response plan to prevent source water contamination should an incident occur. Ask to be notified if an accident occurs that could introduce contaminants into the source water. Ask for copies of the facilities MSDS for the chemicals used in the production process.
bacteria and parasites that could negatively impact human health if treatment processes are not adjusted to address the contamination. Railroad Traffic The railroad tracks run parallel to the source water. An accident on the railroad or leaks from standing train cars may result in spills into the water supply. Contact the railroad companies to determine the average number of daily (or weekly) trains passing in the ZCC and what types of materials these trains are transporting. Identify the number of rail cars kept on side track, if any, and what activities (such as maintenance) are performed on the side tracks. Work with the railroad company to create an emergency response plan incase a hazardous materials spill would occur to prevent or cleanup contamination of the source water. Regulated PCS sites Various concerns depending upon the regulated type. Investigate USEPA/WVDEP Regulated Sites to verify their location. If identified, provide owners or operators with copies of fact sheets covering best management practices for handling waste liquids; spill prevention; pollution prevention; or applicable rules. Salvage yard A salvage yard is located in the SWPA. Oils, antifreeze, and other automobile fluids may leak from the used vehicles and contaminate the source waters if not cleaned up and disposed of Communicate with the owners the need for them to properly dispose of oil and other automobile products. Ask the owners to institute best management practices (BMPs) to contain and clean up spills. Work with the owner or operator to plan/design/implement methods to control impacts to surface and ground water. Owners may be required to complete a Groundwater Protection Plan depending on the facility NPDES permit. Ask to see the Groundwater Protection Plan to insure compliance. If you have questions regarding this plan, contact the WVDEP staff geologists at (304)926-0499 ext. 1052
properly. Because infiltrating water can take years to reach a source, this site may still pose a threat if leaks and/or spills were not cleaned up properly in the past. Sedimentation in Storage Impoundment The water board has concerns about sediment during significant rainfall events. There are problems of treating water during high sediment loading and the problem of sedimentation within the impoundment pool of the River, which is the storage impoundment for the water supply. Explore the possibility of monitoring the levels of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) during major rainfall events to try to determine the sediment accumulation rate in the storage impoundment. Sinkholes Due to the karst geology (limestone) within the SWPA, there could be sinkholes in this area. Monitor for the formation of any new sinkholes in the SWPA, and stablish or encourage buffering around sinkholes. Buffering techniques in use in other regions range from encouraging landowners to provide vegetative buffers to purchasing rights from the landowner. If buffering is not a feasible option, consider filling in the sinkhole following WVDEP’s Sinkhole Mitigation Guidance document, which can be found at