vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is perhaps the most important consideration because of the large number of issues that need to be addressed: the distribution, extent, and standardization of charging stations, setting limits for charging time and access rules, as well as regulatory procedures and policies for commercial firms in the distribution market. Evidently, deciding who pays for the charging infrastructure — the public, utilities, or EV users — and regulating the price for charging vehicles at residences or central stations is key. The role of various jurisdictions — municipalities, state public utility commissions, and the federal government — needs to be defined as well as how state department of motor vehicles (DMVs) will inspect EVs.
AT Companies Won’t Build Many companies are interested in developing charging stations – networking and innovation opportunities Ralston and Nigro, 11 - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (Monica and Nick, “PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES: LITERATURE REVIEW”, Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, July 2011, | JJ) Several private sector companies are turning the obstacles facing PEV integration into opportunities, by developing new business models and strategic partnerships. These stakeholders are aiming to capture the emerging market, and include auto manufacturers, charging infrastructure providers, power companies, utilities, and investors. Many of these efforts focus on creating a network of accessible charging stations and making charging simple and inexpensive for consumers. One of greatest opportunities in the PEV market is the provision of charging infrastructure. The supply chain for charging infrastructure is vast, including hardware (e.g., PEV supply equipment), software to manage PEV charging, and support services (e.g., electrical grid infrastructure maintenance) (Narich et al. 2011). This mingling of new and traditional businesses is a great opportunity for innovation, similar to the opportunities the Internet provided a decade ago, if at a smaller scale. Companies are currently implementing different business models involving charging networks and/or stations. 19 Together, they have raised hundreds of millions of dollars in private capital to realize those visions. In some cases, companies have proposed owning the battery inside the PEV, 20 and in others, the company will install the charging station in a customer’s home at no cost, but may charge the customer for the electricity. Big and large companies are jumping on the charging installation bandwagon Rubio ’12 – writer for Digital Journal (R. Francis, Digital Journal, “Charging stations increase in U.S. as electric car sales struggle”, 5/27/2012. http://digitaljournal.com/article/321927)//DHirsch Meanwhile elsewhere across the United States, that many companies are getting into the act. Car Charging Group Inc. based out of Miami is beginning to assemble their own nationwide network of charging facilities with plans to install stations in retail-store lots and parking garages around the country. The based company wants to strike fast in hopes to lock up prime locations while the pickings are still ripe. "The business that we're in today is a land grab," says CEO Michael Farkas