ADB Development Bank AWDO Asian Water Development Outlook BCCI Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industries BhWP Bhutan Water Partnership Bhutan National Water Resources Inventory BTFEC Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation CD Capacity Development CDTA Capacity Development Technical Assistance CFO Chief Forestry Officer Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 DAHO District Animal Husbandry Officer DAO District Agricultural Officer DDM Department of Disaster Management DEC District Environment Committee DEO District Environment Officer DES Department of Engineering Services DG Director General DGM Department of Geology and Mines DHPS Department of Hydropower & Power Systems DMF Design & Monitoring Framework DOA Department of Agriculture DOFPS Department of Forest & Park Services DOHS Department of Hydromet Services DWS Drinking Water Supply ESD Environment Service Division FAO Food & Agricultural Organization (of the United Nations) FEMD Flood Engineering Management Division (MOWHS) FGD Focus Group Discussion GIS Geographical Information System GLOF Glacier Lake Outburst Flood GNHC National Happiness Commission GNHCS National Happiness Commission Secretariat HP Hydropower Plants IT Information Technology IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KPI Key Performance Indicator KRA Key Result Area MASL Meter above sea level MOAF Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry MOEA Ministry of Economic Affairs MOF Ministry of Finance MOH Ministry of Health MOHCA Ministry of Home & Cultural Affairs
the consumer level Raise awareness of disinfectant mechanisms and on water borne diseases among water users Develop training materials on water safety Submit annual report to the NECS on implementation and enforcement of Water Act and Regulation, including difficulties, issues and challenges met 5. Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs (MOHCA) The Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, through its Department of Disaster Management, is involved in the water sector in terms of disaster mitigation and relief, especially in water-related disaster such as Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). WRM policy and planning role: Develop system to inform the public in times of water related natural disasters Coordination and regulatory role: Coordinate on disaster preparedness and mitigation measures to be taken Make local governments accountable for the protection and promotion of local cultural practices that are environment friendly and that protect water bodies recognized as abodes of deities Service delivery role: Inform the public in times of water-related natural disasters Information, reporting, research and capacity-building role: Maintain registries on well-known therapeutically valued water bodies, and ensure their sustainable use Discourage pollution of water bodies caused by disposing religious effigies, ritual cakes, cremation remnants, etc. Submit annual report to the NECS on implementation and enforcement of Water Act and Regulation, including difficulties, issues and challenges met 6. Ministry of Works and Human Settlements (MoWHS) is responsible for the overall planning, implementation and management of infrastructure for drinking water supply and wastewater for the Thromde in collaboration with local governments. It assesses strengths and shortfalls for water supply maintenance, and identifies remedial measures. It is mandated to prepare its development plans in consultation with local governments. Like the Ministry of Health, it is mandated to mainstream water resources management into its policies, plans and programs. WRM policy and planning role: Review existing status of drinking water supply systems in Thromdes Develop a national master plan for the drinking water and waste water management system for Thromdes Develop, issue and revise guidelines on water safety plans and eco-efficient water infrastructures Coordination and regulatory role: Ensure proper implementation of Water Safety Plans through regular monitoring and evaluation Water service delivery role: Information, reporting, research and
for the members of registered WUAs issue permit for water abstractions and use of source within their jurisdiction not requiring an Environmental Clearance Water service delivery role: Implement and monitor national drinking water and irrigation policies, following procedural manuals issued by Competent Authorities Ensure regular maintenance of water supply systems Ensure effective implementation of the Water Safety Plan Assist Competent Authorities in the supervision of water infrastructure construction and maintenance works Information, reporting research and capacity-building role: Monitor and evaluate drinking and irrigation water programs; Develop and maintain separate inventories on irrigation and drinking water systems Compile and submit periodic progress reports to the Dzongkhag Administration on drinking water and irrigation facilities Maintain records of WUAs and make records available to relevant Competent Authorities for technical or financial assistance Cooperate and assist other Competent Authorities in research activities on drinking or irrigation water management systems in the Gewog Submit annual report to the NECS on implementation and enforcement of Water Act and Regulation, including difficulties, issues and challenges met 14. Dzongkhag Water Management Committee Under the Water Regulation, for the purpose of proper and effective protection and management of water resources at Dzongkhag level, the existing Dzongkhag Environment Committee (DEC) shall, with additional members as may be necessary, function as the district water management committee (DWMC). WRM policy and planning role: Provide technical determination on the issues of water volume, water sufficiency at source and the carrying capacity of infrastructure for proposed additional water users Determine whether an existing water supply system is sufficient at source for the planning of new or expanded water uses/users Provide technical advice to the Dzongkhag Administration for planning of drinking and irrigation water Coordination and regulatory role: Coordinate with other competent authorities in assisting WUAs to determine whether an existing water supply source/system is sufficient for proposed new or expanded water uses/users Collaborate with other DWMCs in the basin, and issue recommendations to concerned Competent Authorities pertaining to inter-Dzongkhag plans and programs Issue permit for surface water abstractions and use of a source within their jurisdiction not requiring an Environmental Clearance Issue permit for groundwater abstractions (if necessary with technical assistance of NECS) Water service delivery role: Information, reporting, research and
Capacity Development Geo-spatial data systems (GIS, remote sensing) Management information system and data portals Media outreach and public communication Institutional coordination framework based on the BWSI Recognizing that the boundaries of water resource management has greatly expanded to incorporate a variety of concerns ranging from hydrology to ecology, and more recently to include climate change, no agency can be expected to effectively manage water resources single-handedly. The management imperative has shifted more toward better coordination rather than direct control by any one entity. Coordination entails managing water resources across disciplines and sectors, ensuring stakeholder participation in decision-making, and strengthening institutional coordination. The imperative is to ensure that water policies and programs—involving multiple actors and stakeholders--are characterized by minimal redundancy, incoherence, conflict and gaps. The basis for designing a coordination mechanism between the water-related agencies is provided by the concept of water security, which is explained in detail in chapter 5. It captures the status of water resources and their related services in 5 key dimensions comprised of 57 parameters in total. The water security is expressed in one index figure ranging between 1 and 5. Some 22 different agencies have been identified for collection and submission of values for the parameters identified against each of them on an annual basis. It follows that the agencies are ‘bound together’ in this concept, although they remain sovereign within their own domain. NECS is custodian of the water security system, and hence the coordinator for inputs by the respective agencies. In essence, the water security dimensions and indicators provide the platform for assessing the contribution of the agencies towards each of the dimensions as well as the overall national water security. The computed scores presented in the graphical spider web diagram allow planners and decision makers to visualize sectors contributions to the water security index thereby providing them with the basis for prioritization. The IWRM planning and coordination framework is given in full in appendix 2.