System / Type Regulator / Provider Auto / Manual Sensors Comms Met. Information Air-Ground Format Responsible for Ground Processing Responsible for GTS provision Preferred GTS Format WMO Auto Innate to aircraft ACARS Always AMDAR NMHS NMHS BUFR ICAO Auto & Manual Innate & pilot (from cockpit display and subjective) ACARS Always AIREP MOW or WAFC WAFC BUFR PIREP FAA Manual Innate & (from cockpit display and subjective) VHF / ACARS Always MOW or WAFC WAFC BUFR ADS-C ICAO Auto Innate to aircraft Optional ICAO Aircraft Report MOW or WAFC WAFC BUFR Mode-S ICAO Auto Innate to aircraft L-Band (SSR) Derived ICAO Aircraft Report ATC / NMHS NMHS BUFR TAMDAR Other (External) Auto Additional Satellite Always TAMDAR PAC NMHS BUFR AFIRS (External) Auto Innate to aircraft and/or additional Satellite Optional AFIRS FLYHT NMHS BUFR Table 1: Sources of aircraft based observations.
Section Number Name BUFR (see Manual on Codes (WMO-No. 306) Remarks 0 Indicator section Starting with “BUFR”; length of message, BUFR edition number 1 Identification section A – Data category Length of section, identification of the message. For use code figure 4, “Single level data (other than satellite)” 2 Optional section Length of section and additional items for local use by automatic data processing centres. Not required for AMDAR 3 Data description section Table B – Classification of elements Table C – Data description operators Table D – List of common sequences Length of section, number of data subsets, data category flag, data compression flag and a collection of descriptors which define the form and content of individual data elements 4 Data section B – Classification of elements C – Data description operators Table D – List of common sequences Length of section and binary data 5 End section Ending with “7777” Within the BUFR bulletin, the most relevant sections are section 1 (Identification section, containing metadata of the bullet itself), and sections 3 and 4 (Data description and Data section, respectively). Typically, section 3 presents the list of descriptors and common sequences for the datasets, reported in section 4. Descriptors Variables, code tables and other elements are represented by so-called descriptors. Schematically, a BUFR descriptor can be visualized as follows: F X Y 2 BITS 6 BITS 8 BITS F denotes the type of descriptor. With 2 bits, there are 4 possible values for F: 0, 1, 2 and 3. The four values have the following meanings: F = 0 - Element descriptor, and refers to Table B entries F = 1 - Replication operator F = 2 - Operator descriptor, and refers to Table C entries F = 3 - Sequence descriptor, and refers to D entries The meanings of and uses for X and Y depend on the value of F. Evidently, for variables and code tables most relevant are the values for F = 0 or 3. For these values, the descriptor refers to BUFR Tables B or D. X (6 bits) indicates the class or category of descriptor within the Table. In case F=0 reference is made to single variables or predefined table values. For instance, F-X-Y = 0-12-101 stands for “Temperature/air temperature” (Class 12,
3.04 ABO System ABO System Y Will identify a based on a set of aircraft within a particular ABO System Type. An ABO System Aircraft Identifier can be in more than one ABO System Type – for example, an aircraft can report under both the AMDAR programme and also provide AIREPs. However a particular aircraft should be associated with only one ABO System Fleet within a particular ABO System. M,I M,I M,I Key field identifier – this allows OSCAR to group aircraft platforms with common programmatic attributes to provide information on “observing system capabilities (OSC)”. 9 Data Origination Centre ABO System Fleet Y Identity of Centre issuing the ABO report on the GTS. M,I M,I M,I Selectable standard WMO GTS centres only. 9 Data Origination Centre Contact ABO System Fleet Y Set of Data Origination Centre contact details: Name, Email, Address, Phone Number M,I M,I M,I 9 Operating Authority ABO System Fleet Y Name of organization or country responsible for ownership of the majority of the component sensors deployed. United Airways, Panasonic Avionics Corporation M,I M,I M,I 9 Operating Authority Contact ABO System Fleet Y Set of Data Origination Centre contact details: Name, Email, Address, Phone Number M,I M,I M,I 1 Measured Variable ABO System Y Provides a Key Link to the set of measured variable metadata for the System Fleet. M,I M,I M,I 1.01 Variable Name Measured Variable Y Name of the measured variable. Air Temperature M,I M,I M,I Selectable set of OSCAR standard fields. 7 Reporting Status Measured Variable Y Provides the current status of reporting of the measurand. “Suppressed” could be used to provide a blacklisting status (usually would require all measurands to be suppressed). Reported M,I M,I M,I Selectable set of OSCAR standard fields: Downlink only, Reported, Future Reported, Downlink Suppressed, Reporting Suppressed 8 Quality Status Measured Variable Y Provides the current quality status of the measurand. Good M,I M,I M,I Selectable set of standard fields. Should be consistent with Reporting Status.
6.08 Sampling Frequency Ascent Lower Measured Variable Y Frequency or reporting conditional upon Sampling Method Lower. Used to determine the vertical resolution of the measurand. 1 min. M,I M,I M,I Controlled data 6.08 Sampling Frequency Descent Upper Measured Variable Y Frequency or reporting conditional upon Sampling Method Upper. Used to determine the vertical resolution of the measurand. 50 hPa M,I M,I M,I Controlled data entry. 6.08 Sampling Frequency Descent Lower Measured Variable Y Frequency or reporting conditional upon Sampling Method Lower. Used to determine the vertical resolution of the measurand. 1 min. M,I M,I M,I Controlled data entry. 6.08 Sampling Frequency Enroute Measured Variable Y Frequency or reporting conditional upon Sampling Method Enroute. Used to determine the hortizontal resolution of the measurand. 7 min. M,I M,I M,I Controlled data entry. 1.04 Ascent Second Phase Level Measured Variable Y Estimation of the Second Phase Level for transition between ascent flight phases. 1000 m M,I M,I M,I Controlled data entry of metres of altitude. 1.04 Enroute Level Measured Variable Y Estimation of the enroute or cruise level of the fleet. 10500 m M,I M,I M,I Controlled data entry of metres of altitude. 1.04 Top of Descent Measured Variable Y Estimation of the Top of Descent altitude. 6000 m M,I M,I M,I Controlled data entry of metres of altitude. 8.01 Uncertainty Measured Variable Y Uncertainty of the measurand in Reported Units. 1.0 C M,I M,I M,I Controlled data entry. 8.01 Uncertainty Determination Method Measured Variable Y Method used to determine the Uncertainty. Comparison with national standard. M,I M,I M,I Free text entry. 7.13 Data Latency Measured Variable Y Estimate of the data latency of the measured variable, which will generally be consistent across the observations set. Should be estimated based on average availability of 90% of the set of vertical profile data (ascent and descent). 15 min. M,I M,I O,I Controlled data entry.
Database Store target data coverage for routes (i.e. airport pair), e.g. route legs per hour. 1.2.3.2 Recommended Optimiser Awareness of future flights with enough lead time to make decisions as to best aircraft configurations to meet targets 1.2.3.3 Essential Optimiser Algorithm to decide which phases of flight (if any) to enable 1.2.3.3 Essential Optimiser Optimisation incorporates preferential selection of aircraft based on measurement capabilities Recommended Optimiser Optimisation incorporates preferential selection of aircraft based on observations cost Optional Optimiser Optimisation incorporates preferential selection of aircraft based on measurement quality status Recommended Optimiser Optimisation incorporates preferential selection of aircraft based on estimated time of flight phase Optional Optimiser Reception and analysis of response and non-response to uplink commands Optional Optimiser Reception and analysis of data to assess response and non-response to configuration Optional Optimiser Optimisation incorporates awareness of AMDAR equipped aircraft which cannot have their configurations changed by uplink Optional Database Ability to current aircraft configurations for reference when assessing future flights 1.2.3.3 Essential Communications Ability to send (re)configuration messages to aircraft (possibly via airline server) 1.2.3.4 Essential Database Store data quality status information for aircraft to assist configuration decisions 1.2.3.2 Recommended Database Store aircraft additional sensor (eg. Water Vapour, icing) to assist configuration decisions 1.2.3.2 Recommended Database airline/aircraft data cost to assist configuration decisions 1.2.3.2 Optional
Attachment I: List of AMDAR Onboard Software Versions and Platforms AMDAR Program Airline/ Operator Airframe AOS Specifier/ Standard AOS Platform (Vendor, Version) AOS Developer Software Version Type Data Acquisition System ACARS Unit Australia SkyTraders A 319 115 Teledyne FLYHT / AFIRS Jetstar Jetstar Asia A 320 200 Bureau of Meteorology / AAA v3 --- --- T AirDatec/Jetstar Jetstar A 321 Bureau of Meteorology / AAA v3 --- --- AirDatec/Jetstar Qantas A 330 200 300 WMO / AOSFRS V1.1 Teledyne Controls Flight Data Interface management Unit (FDIMU) Airbus / Air Traffic Service Unit (ATSU) AirDatec/Qantas B 767 300F / AAA v1 Teledyne Controls Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit (DFDAU) Rockwell Collins / Communications Management Unit (CMU) KLM (1996)/Qantas B 747 400 400ER / AAA v1 Teledyne Controls Data Management Unit (DMU) Rockwell Collins / Communications Management Unit (CMU) or Data Link Management Unit (DLMU) KLM (1996)/Qantas Air Vanuatu B 737 800 Bureau of Meteorology / AAA v3 Teledyne Controls Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit (DFDAU) Rockwell Collins / Communications Management Unit (CMU) AirDatec/Qantas Canada Jazz CRJ 200, 620-3 for Ascend ARINC 620-2 for Enroute & Descend Rockwell Collins ADC-850A Rockwell Collins CMU900 P/N 822-1239-151 832-1748-202 Core 7.3 Operating Software, Rockwell Collins 000-JAZZ-A04D Jazz AOC Software, Jazz Air Inc 815-4532-A01 AWR (Automatic Weather Reporting Software), Rockwell Collins 815-4536-200 APM (Aircraft Performance Monitoring Software) 1 Rockwell Collins Nav Canada CRJ 200 Rockwell Collins ADC-850A Rockwell Collins CMU900 Rockwell Collins PN (SW) DHC-8 -100 Universal Avionics UL-801 Universal Avionics SW 80X Type 5 Database SCN 30.X Air Canada B777 200LR A330 300
B787 9 AAA B787 8 B767 300ER A321 200 ARINC 620 A320 200 AAA A319 100 AAA E190 AAA AC Express E175 CRJ705 B767 300ER ARINC 620 A319 100 AAA China China Southern Airlines Company Limited B737 800 ARINC/ A620- Honeywell PN:965-0758-001 965-0758-002 Honeywell 998-2145-518 998-2141-517 Shandong Airlines CO., LTD B737 800 ARINC/ A620- Honeywell PN: 967-0212-002 967-0212-058 Honeywell 998-3638-508 998-7033-503 Xiamen Airlines CO., LTD B737 86N ARINC/ A620- Honeywell PN: 965-0758-002 Honeywell 998-2830-518 998-2833-515 China Eastern Jiangsu Branch A320 214 ARINC/ A620- TELEDYNE 795040-31-003 2234320-01-01 FLY2240CEA1C217 D05SACF03C0CEAX EAMDAR Air France (AFR) A318 100 ARINC/ A620-2 FM42 AMDAR 1996 DMU (Teledyne) DMU (SAGEM) FDIMU Collins ATSU Air France Maintenance A 319 100 ARINC/ A620-2 FM42 AMDAR 1996 DMU (Teledyne) DMU (SAGEM) FDIMU Collins ATSU CMU900 Air France Maintenance A320 200 ARINC/ A620-2 FM42 AMDAR 1996 DMU (Teledyne) DMU (SAGEM) FDIMU Collins ATSU CMU900 Air France Maintenance A321 100 ARINC/ A620-2 FM42 AMDAR 1996 DMU (Teledyne) DMU (SAGEM) FDIMU CMU900 Air France Maintenance
CRJ-900 ARINC/ A620-2 L3 MQAR ACARS AOC CMU (Collins) ARINC Thomas Cook (VKG) A 321 ARINC/ A620-3 ATSU A 330 ARINC/ A620-3 ATSU Honeywell V2 ARINC Hong Kong 400 A620-3 v2 Iceland TAMDAR Japan ACMS ACMS B 777 200 300 300ER ACMS B 787 ACMS New Zealand A320 200 ARINC/ AAA v1 modified Teledyne FDIMU Airbus ATSU Air New Zealand/ B737 300 ARINC/ AAA v1 modified Teledyne DFDMU Rockwell Collins DLM-900B series Air New Zealand/ South Africa SAA A319 100 Bureau of Meteorology // AAA v3 Teledyne 2234320-01-01 Honeywell AOC S/W 998-2459-510 Teledyne Core S/W F230-001-8801 ATSU LA2T0G20503B050 SAA/AirDatec A320 200 Bureau of Meteorology // AAA v3 Teledyne FDIMU 2234320-01-01 Honeywell AOC S/W 998-2459-510 Teledyne Core S/W F230-001-8804 ATSU LA2T0G20503B050 SAA/AirDatec A330 200 Bureau of Meteorology // AAA v3 Teledyne FDIMU 2234340-02-02 Honeywell AOC S/W 998-2459-510 Teledyne Core S/W F240-001-0006 ATSU LA2T0G20503B050 SAA/Airdatec A340 300, 600 Bureau of Meteorology // AAA v3 Teledyne FDIMU 2234340-02-02 Honeywell AOC S/W 998-2459-510 Teledyne Core S/W F240-001-0006 ATSU LA2T0G20503B050 SAA/AirDatec South Korea A620-6
A620-6 400 A620-6 USA FedEx A 300 600 A620-3 Sagem DFDAU P/N ED47F109 All except N687FE to N692FE Sagem DFDAU P/N ED47C109 N687FE to N692FE only Collins DLM-705C P/N 822-0661-003 VER 007 A 310 200 A620-3 Sagem DFDAU P/N ED47F109 Collins DLM-705C P/N 822-0661-003 VER 007 300 A620-3 Sagem DFDAU P/N ED47F109 Collins DLM-705C P/N 822-0661-003 VER 007 B 757 200 A620-3 Honeywell P/N 967-0212-050 Collins CMU-900 P/N 822-1239-151 Core S/W 832-9548-010 DC-10 10 A620-3 Honeywell DFDAU P/N Collins DLM-705C P/N 822-0661-003 VER 004 30 A620-3 Honeywell DFDAU P/N Collins DLM-705C P/N 822-0661-003 VER 004 UPS A 300 600 A620-3 Collins DLM-900 P/N 822-0666-003 Core S/W 832-1748-114 B 757 200 A620-3 Collins DLM-900 P/N 822-0666-003 Core S/W 832-1748-114 Delta B757 200 A620-3 Collins DLM-716C P/N 622-9676-402 VER 008 Collins DLM-716 P/N 622-9676-501 VER 10 Collins DLM-716C P/N 622-9676-501 VER10 Collins DLM-716C P/N 622-9676-501 Core Unknown Bendix MUA-45A P/N 3614291-4518 Normal 18N