be achieved with lower capacity transmission, the transmission costs per MWh are significantly larger for small scale plant. Note that for all of the technologies, some part of their cost range is competitive within the consensus price range discussed earlier indicating some consistency between projected costs and prices, as would be expected in a competitive market framework. Transmission Capital Charge $/ MWH Transmission Capital Costs $ / MWH/year Transmission Capital Costs $M MW Lower Bound Bound Lower Bound Upper Bound Lower Bound Upper Bound 50 77.3 148.4 913 1752 320 614 100 38.7 74.2 457 876 320 614 150 25.8 49.5 304 584 320 614 200 33.8 37.1 400 438 560 614 250 27.1 29.7 320 350 560 614 300 22.6 34.0 266 401 560 843 350 19.3 29.1 228 344 560 843 400 16.9 25.5 200 301 560 843 500 13.5 160 560 1000 7.2 86 600 1: Costs of transmission from the Cooper Basin to East NSW (800-1200km)
Table : Potentially economic transmission investment in selected geothermal NTNDP zones (source, AEMO 2013d) M-V2 Victoria CVIC Transmission limitations on the Terang–Ballarat 220 kV line. M-V3 Victoria CVIC Transmission limitations on the Ballarat–Waubra–Horsham 220 kV line. M-V4 Victoria CVIC Transmission limitations on the Red Cliffs 220 kV line. M-S1 Australia NSA Transmission limitations on the 132 kV network in the lower Eyre Peninsula. M-S2 South Australia NSA Transmission limitations on the network between NSA and ADE. M-S3 Australia NSA 132 kV network in the Riveland area of South Australia. M-S4 Australia SESA Transmission limitations on the Tailem Bend -Tungkillo transmission corridor. Table : Potential transmission investment in selected geothermal NTNDP zones from transmission network annual planning reports (source, AEMO 2013d, 2012b) T-Q2 Queensland CQ CQ to SQ transient stability limit. Proposed Timing subject to generation commitment T-Q3 Queensland SWQ Possible voltage stability limitations on the network supplying Surat Basin north west area. Proposed Summer 2016–17 T-N4 New South Wales NCEN The 132 kV network supplying the Tomerong/Nowra area. Proposed Within 5 years. T-N5 New South Wales NCEN The 330 kV lines between Bannaby and Marulan and Sydney and the South Coast. Proposed Not within 5 T-N6 New South Wales NCEN The 330 kV network supplying southern Sydney from the west. Proposed Not within 5 years T-N7 New South Wales NCEN Thermal and voltage limits on the injection of power into the Sydney Metropolitan area. Proposed Within 5 years T-N8 New Wales NCEN The two 330 kV transmission lines between the Hunter Valley and the Area. Proposed Not within 5 years T-N9 New Wales NCEN 330 kV line connecting the Munmorah and Vales Point Power Stations. Proposed Not within 5 years
(in aggregate) 200 MVA 40 km 132 kV Double Port Lincoln North Port Lincoln 600 MVA 85 km 275 kV Double (single strung) Yadnari Wudinna East $180 M (in aggregate) NA 35 km 132 kV Wudinna East Wudinna The figures reported by de Silva and Robbie (2009, ) are for reinforcement of existing capacity between South Australia and NSW, where the distances required to be covered are approximately 1000km (see also : the transmission line between Davenport and Mt Piper) . There is again a wide variation in the estimated costs, at about 600-1900 M$/km by distance and $170-2200 $M/GW-km by distance and capacity. : Potential transmission investment to access South Australian geothermal resources (MMA 2009) (MW) 275 ($2008) 400 MW 575 km Double circuit Innamincka Olympic Dam $404 M NA 375 km Double circuit Paralana Olympic Dam $265 M NA 200 km Double circuit Innamincka Paralana $265 M 250 MW 375 km Single circuit Paralana Olympic Dam $192 M 250 MW 365 km Single circuit Paralana Davenport $206 M NA 265km Single circuit Olympic Dam Davenport $180 M NA 200km Single circuit Innamincka Paralana $190 M Table : Potential transmission investment for accessing South Australian wind resources (Backer & McKenzie et al. 2010) (MW) 500 & 2000 225 km Double circuit Davenport Central Region $625M Including substations $ 11.7M pa 165 km Single circuit Central Region (Cleve) Western Region (Elliston)
1000 145 km Port Lincoln Central Region (Cleve) 300M $ 6,6M pa 1000 ~100 km Davenport Northern 4000 (destination) ~1000 km HVDC Davenport Mt Piper $1 855 $37 pa Table : Potential transmission investment options for reinforcing capacity between Innamincka (South Australia), and Sydney (NSW, de Silva and Robbie, 2009) AC INN-ADL- MEL-SYD INN-MEL-SYD INN-WSD-SYD INN-ADL- MEL-SYD INN-MEL-SYD INN-WSD-SYD Stage 1 500MW 950km 500kV double circuit 1250km 500kV double circuit (strung 1 circuit) 1000km 500kV double circuit (strung 1 circuit) 850km 500MW +/- 500kV bipole 1250km 60MW - 500 kV monopole 1000km - 500 kV monopole Dest. Adelaide via Broken Hill switch station Melbourne Western Downs Adelaide Melbourne Western Downs 900 – 1400 1000 – 1500 800 – 1200 300 – 500 700 – 1000 600 – 900 Stage 2 2000MW Extend 500kV double circuit line plus series compensation Upgrade by stringing 2nd 500kV circuit & series comp. 1250km 2400MW +/- 500kV bipole to Melbourne Make a 2400MW bipole 750km from Broken Hill switching station to Melbourne Add 600MW -500kV half pole in parallel and 1200MW +500kV 2100 – 3200 1700 – 2700 1400 – 2200 1500 – 2200 1200 –1700 1000 – 1500 Stage 3 5000 MW 1100km 765kV 2-ble cct line w. series comp. 1100km 4000MW +/- 800kV bipole Dest. Sydney 3900 – 6100 3600 – 5600 3300 – 5100 2800 – 4000 2500 – 3500 2300 – 3300 1300
21: Costs of transmission from the Cooper Basin to East NSW (800-1200km) Similar methods were used to estimate transmission costs for a 375km distance, using Table 20 for the minimum costs and data from Table 17 to estimate an upper cost (based on a Paralana case study in MMA2009). Scale Transmission Capital Charge $/ MWH Transmission Capital Costs $ / MWH/year Transmission Capital Costs $M MW Bound Bound Lower Bound Upper Bound Bound Upper Bound 50 36.2 49.8 428 588 150 206 100 18.1 24.9 214 294 150 206 150 12.1 16.6 143 196 150 206 200 15.8 12.4 107 147 150 206 250 9.1 10.0 86 118 150 206 300 7.2 10.7 125 126 262 265 350 9.0 9.1 107 108 262 265 400 7.9 8.0 93 95 262 265 500 6.3 75 262 1000 3.4 40 280 Table 22: Costs of transmission 375km Finally, costs for a number of selected capacities for distances of 140km and 200km were selected from Table 16 and Table 17, based on South Australian studies. MW Transmission Capital Charge $/ MWH Transmission Capital Costs $ / MWH/year Transmission Capital $M 250 9.2 108 190 400 8.0 95 265 600 6.7 80 335 1000 4.5 54 375 Table 23: Costs of transmission 140-200km