Table 10 Summary of Potential Environmental and Social Impacts related to PREP activities Activity Potential Environmental Impact Potential Social Impact Potential Project Risk or Benefit Mitigation Monitoring Component One: Strengthening Warning and Preparedness Develop new legislation, management plans, SOPs, standardized protocols / signals Unlikely to be negative impacts from this activity however is some potential for limited impacts experienced as a result of new policies, management plans or legislation (e.g. coastal management strategy). Unlikely to be negative impacts from this activity however is some potential for limited impacts experienced as a result of new policies, management plans or legislation (e.g. coastal retreat policy). More efficient disaster management and response and greater resilience in vulnerable Any new legislation, policy or management plan will address the objectives of World Bank policies using safeguard instruments contained in this ESMF. Mid-term or annual review; Supervision missions Design and implement integrated national MHEWS platform (incl. install or upgrade forecast and warning software, specialized hardware, management systems etc) Disposal of redundant equipment may be required (e.g. electronic waste) that could lead to contamination of soil or water if disposed of incorrectly Exclusion of vulnerable groups - potential for disable persons (visually or hearing impaired), and vulnerable groups to be excluded from receiving warnings; Longer lead-in time for people to prepare for disasters potentially resulting in less loss of life and damage to property More efficient disaster management and response Consultation will be inclusive of all social and gender groups within the community and signals and communication methods reflect the needs of such groups upon implementation; management will be captured in EMP. Indicators determined by PMU; Monitor and evaluate the installation, operation and maintenance and End User Survey to determine effectiveness of improvements Install, connect and/or refurbish meteorology weather observation stations (e.g. Agromet) Temporary land or vegetation disturbance; Disposal of redundant equipment may be required Potential temporary land access or permanent small-scale land acquisition required; Disturbance of physical cultural resources More efficient weather predictions / impact forecasting Give preference to siting projects on lands already converted; Site assessment including hazard vulnerability and risk; Site selection based on feasibility study/EIA and Regularly monitor sites
selection criteria for suitability; Consultation and voluntary land donation or access agreement including informed consent from landowner/s; Disposal of waste in designated landfill; Chance find procedures Construct or retrofit key public buildings and infrastructure incl. government offices, e.g. construction new TMD building at Fua’amotu airport in Tonga and new NEOC on existing site in Faleata, Samoa Construction may result in minor adverse impacts including noise, dust and generation of solid waste materials on existing site. Asbestos may be present in old buildings. Exclusion of vulnerable groups - potential for physically disable persons (wheelchair) to be unable to access buildings Assets are more resilient to disasters and information management is improved Building inspection will identify whether asbestos is present prior to demolition/ construction; EMP will detail hazardous materials management plan (HMMP); Site assessment including hazard vulnerability, flood and seismic risk; Chance find of physical cultural resources; Disability access recommended for public buildings. Completion audit by building inspector or Works Department Refurbish NEMO office in Refurbishing existing building may result in minor adverse impacts including noise, dust and generation of solid waste materials from There are no negative impacts expected with this activity NA Building inspection will identify whether asbestos is present to demolition/ construction; EMP will detail Completion audit by building inspector or Works Department
agreement with landowner Stockpiling emergency goods in, and refurbish, subnational prepositioned supply hubs May involve long-term storage of chemicals and sanitation equipment Access to site required Damage, theft or loss of access to prepositioned supplies Hubs are located on state land with inclusive community consultation on control measures; Negative list excludes the storage of hazardous materials. Routine checks and inventories by responsible parties and reporting to relevant agency Improve service delivery to the public by expanding VHF/HF radio, mobile telecommunications, service broadcasts etc Where new towers are being installed, there may be temporary land disturbance and clearing of vegetation for narrow easements for access Exclusion of vulnerable groups - potential for disable persons (visually or hearing impaired), women and vulnerable groups to be excluded from receiving warnings; Where new towers are being installed, there is potential for temporary land access or permanent small-scale land acquisition required; Longer lead-in time for people to prepare for disasters potentially resulting in less loss of life and damage to property NA Consultation and activities must be inclusive of all vulnerable groups and women within the community and communication methods must reflect the needs of such groups; Where new towers are being installed, give preference to siting projects on lands already converted; Site selection based on feasibility study/EIA and selection criteria for suitability; Voluntary land donation or access agreement from landowner; or small-scale acquisition of land as per RPF Monitor and evaluate the services through Public Perception and User Survey to determine effectiveness of improvements and collect feedback Develop national communication strategy and There are no negative impacts expected with Potential exclusion of vulnerable groups; NA Consultation and activities must be Monitor and evaluate the services through
modernise communication methods (mobile phone applications) to notify the public and utility sectors with wider dissemination of hazard warnings this activity Longer lead-in time for people to prepare for disasters potentially resulting in less loss of life, damage to property and disruption to services inclusive of all vulnerable groups and women within the community and communication methods must reflect the needs of such groups Public Perception and User Survey to determine effectiveness of improvements and collect feedback Mobilise teams to conduct post-disaster needs assessments (PDNA) after national emergency (regional TA) There are no negative impacts expected with this activity Assessment may require access to private or customary land NA Consultation must be inclusive of all vulnerable groups and women within the community Refer to SOP Develop decision support and impact forecasting methodologies for early warning There are no negative impacts expected with this activity There are no negative impacts expected with this activity NA NA NA Develop and deliver accredited training course for disaster managers are no negative impacts expected with this activity There are no negative impacts expected with this activity NA NA Trainee Survey to collect feedback on training Community evacuation plans are no negative impacts expected with this activity Communities more aware of how to prepare for and what to do in emergency situations NA Activities must be inclusive of all vulnerable groups and women within the community Emergency drills to test effectiveness of community evacuation plans Component Two: Mainstreaming Risk Reduction and resilient investments Feasibility studies and concept design for investments and planning incl. technology (doppler radar for forecasting, mobile apps) There are no negative impacts expected with this activity There are no negative impacts expected with this activity NA A detailed ESMP to be prepared in consideration of negative list; Baseline environmental and social assessment may be necessary NA
Retrofitting public buildings for resilience based on feasibility studies, e.g. Evacuation Centres, schools that act as emergency shelters Refurbishing existing building may result in minor adverse impacts including noise, dust and generation of solid waste materials from construction Exclusion of vulnerable groups - potential for physically disable persons (wheelchair) to be unable to access buildings NA Site assessment including hazard vulnerability, flood and seismic risk; Chance find of physical cultural resources; Activities must be inclusive of all vulnerable groups include women and reflect the needs of such groups; Appropriate disposal of debris generated, packaging, paint containers, chemical residues, etc. Use licensed disposal contractors to ensure disposal to approved sites Completion audit by building inspector or Works Department Natural hazard risk profiling and vulnerability assessments There are no negative impacts expected with this activity are no negative impacts expected with this activity NA Baseline environmental and social assessment inclusive of all stakeholder groups Annually updated Establish regional disaster risk information database (PaCRIS) There are no negative impacts expected with this activity There are no negative impacts expected with this activity NA NA NA Component Three: Disaster Risk Financing Set up Regional Disaster Risk Insurance Facility There are no negative impacts expected with this activity There are no negative impacts expected with this activity NA NA Mid-term or annual review Payment of catastrophic risk insurance premium There are no negative impacts expected with this activity There are no negative impacts expected with this activity NA NA Mid-term or annual review
Emergency provision of critical goods after natural disaster incl. food, drinking water, medicines, etc There are no negative impacts expected with this activity Communities have basic needs met during emergency NA Negative list excludes import of seeds for agriculture or hazardous materials which may adversely impact public or environmental health or natural habitats Inventory by responsible parties and reporting to relevant agency Restoration of important habitats and natural buffers (e.g. mangroves) Restoration activities will improve habitats and reduce further sedimentation and erosion using native species Potential encroachment on customary land leading to conflict with communities or landowners NA Site selection based on vulnerability assessment; A detailed ESMP to be prepared in consideration of negative list and in full consultation with surrounding community and customary owners Habitat monitoring plan detailed in EMP Emergency civil works after natural disaster (CERC) to repair critical infrastructure incl. roads/bridges, clearing of debris, river defense works (gabion) etc Potential marine and terrestrial habitat and coastal zone impacts relating to water quality erosion, small-scale land disturbance Potential encroachment on private or customary land NA A detailed ESMP to be prepared in consideration of negative list and land access agreements or customary protocols; All mitigations included in EMP, e.g. stabilization to reduce erosion, sedimentation and adverse impacts on water quality, improve drainage to avoid contamination Supervision by site inspector and safeguards staff
Annex C Safeguards Screening Form This form is to be used by the Implementing Agency (IA) to screen potential environmental and social safeguards issues in subprojects, and determine which safeguard instrument/s is to be prepared prior to implementation. Questions Answer If Yes WB Policy triggered Documents Required if Yes Yes No NA Are the project impacts likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse or unprecedented? Please provide brief description: OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Category A Environmental Assessment (EA) and Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Do the impacts affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works and are the significant adverse environmental impacts irreversible? Please provide brief description: OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Category A EA and ESMP Is the proposed project likely to have no adverse environmental impacts? Please provide brief justification. OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Category C Nothing further required Is the project neither a Category A nor Category C as defined by the Bank? Please provide brief justification. OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Category B EA or limited EA, and ESMP; Follow Environmental of Practice (ECOPs) Are the project impacts likely to have significant adverse social impacts that are sensitive, diverse or unprecedented? Please provide description. OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Category A EA and ESMP Will the project involve the discharge of pollutants into air, water, soil and/or storage of chemicals, hazardous materials, etc that pose risks to environmental and public health? OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Category B ESMP with Hazardous Materials Management Plan Will the project site be located near rivers, waterways or water bodies/ponds? OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Category A/B EA or Limited EA and ESMP Will the project adversely impact physical cultural resources? Please provide justification. OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources Category B ESMP with PCR Management Plan and/or Chance Find Procedures
Table 2 Country-level Gap Analysis to be prepared for each country Safeguard Requirements Aspect / Gap in national legislation Proposed Project Measures Consultation with customary landowners and affected persons is essential, and may require their participation in baseline studies as part of the Social Assessment. Is public consultation including formal consultation with customary landowners compulsory in the EA process or mandated under law? Consultation Plan developed as part of Project Operations Manual during preparation phase Where Indigenous Peoples are present, explore all viable alternative project designs to avoid physical displacement of these groups. Is specific legislation pertaining to the rights of Indigenous Peoples or customary lands? Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. Does the proponent need evidence that all other options must be exhausted first? Acquisition of land will only be pursued once all viable alternatives have been considered and no other suitable sites exist. The process and agreements between the Government and landowner are based on an ARAP approved by the Bank. Affected persons/communities are provided timely and relevant information, and informed about their options and rights. Is public consultation including formal consultation with customary landowners compulsory in the EA process or mandated law? Does consultation go beyond making objections? Consultation Plan developed as part of Project Operations Manual during preparation phase must ensure ongoing consultation throughout the project cycle. Where persons face direct adverse impacts, they must be informed about their entitlements, options, and provide feedback on designs and proposed mitigation measures. Eligibility Criteria and cut off date – persons with either formal legal rights to land, no formal legal rights but valid claims to land/assets, or without legal rights but occupying land Do national laws have provisions for those without legal tenure or title, with assets on the land, or occupying the land? Compensation to all affected persons as defined in this RPF and under OP4.12. Appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms are established for affected persons/communities. What are the formal and traditional grievance procedures in place? A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been detailed in the ESMF to enable issues to be addressed in a transparent and responsive manner. Land Valuation/Compensation Standard - Where physical relocation is necessary displaced persons are provided compensation, transitional assistance and support to enhance or restore livelihoods How are land and assets valued? Is it standardized or market-based and are sources of livelihoods also considered? Provide compensation to all affected persons as defined in RPF and under OP4.12. Any ARAP prepared will specific full compensation and measures to enhance or restore livelihoods where necessary.