FROM MOLECULES TO ORGANISMS: STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES Performance Expectation Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed, resulting in a net transfer of energy. Clarification Statement Emphasis is on the conceptual understanding of the inputs and outputs of the processes of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. Examples of models could include diagrams, chemical equations, conceptual models and/or laboratory investigations. Science & Engineering Practices Disciplinary Core Ideas Crosscutting Concepts Asking questions and defining problems Developing and using models: Modeling in builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using synthesizing and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed world(s). Develop, revise, and/or use a model based on evidence to illustrate and/or predict the relationships between systems or between components of a system. Planning and carrying out investigations Analyzing and interpreting data Using mathematics and computational thinking Constructing explanations and designing solutions Engaging in argument from evidence Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information ORGANIZATION FOR MATTER AND ENERGY FLOW IN ORGANISMS As matter and energy flow through different organizational levels of living systems, chemical elements are recombined in different ways to form different products. (HS.LS1C.c) As a result of these chemical reactions, energy is transferred from one system of interacting molecules to another. Cellular respiration is a chemical process in which the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and new compounds are formed that can transport energy to muscles. Cellular respiration also releases the energy needed to maintain body temperature despite ongoing energy transfer to the surrounding environment. (HS.LS1C.d) ENERGY AND MATTER Energy cannot be created or destroyed—it only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Diocese of Baton Rouge Life Science Standards July, 2017 Page 7
ECOSYSTEMS: INTERACTIONS, ENERGY AND DYNAMICS Performance Expectation Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of activities on the environment and biodiversity. Clarification Statement Examples of human activities can include urbanization, building dams, or dissemination of invasive species. Science & Engineering Practices Disciplinary Core Ideas Crosscutting Concepts Asking questions and defining problems Developing and using models Planning and carrying out investigations Analyzing and interpreting data Using mathematics and computational thinking Constructing explanations and designing solutions: Constructing explanations (science) and designing solutions (engineering) in 9–12 builds on K–8 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories. Design, evaluate, and/or refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations. Engaging in argument from evidence Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS, FUNCTIONING, AND RESILIENCE Ecosystems with a greater biodiversity tend to have a greater resistance and resilience to change. Moreover, anthropogenic changes (induced by human activity) in the environment—including habitat destruction, pollution, introduction of invasive species, overexploitation, and climate change—can disrupt an ecosystem and threaten the survival of some species. (HS.LS2C.b) BIODIVERSITY AND HUMANS Biodiversity is increased by the formation of new species (speciation) and decreased by the loss of species (extinction). Humans depend on the living for the resources and other benefits provided by biodiversity. Human activity is also having adverse impacts on biodiversity through overpopulation, overexploitation, habitat destruction, pollution, introduction of invasive species, and climate change. Thus, sustaining biodiversity so that ecosystem functioning and productivity are maintained is essential to supporting and enhancing life on Earth. Sustaining biodiversity also aids humanity by preserving landscapes of recreational or inspirational value. (HS.LS4D.a) DEVELOPING POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS When evaluating solutions it is important to take into account a range of constraints including cost, safety, reliability and aesthetics and to consider social, cultural and environmental impacts. STABILITY AND CHANGE Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.