The following cost and benefits are not included in financial calculations: benefits to the consumer, due to reduced heat load on air conditioning systems benefits to society, from reduced GHG emissions (applies to Australia only - are included in New Zealand modelling). Note that rebound is treated as zero in relation to energy use — this phenomena (increased usage due to lower energy costs or increased comfort) does not typically apply to lighting. In terms of an approach for the cost-benefit analysis, this could be done from a consumer or societal perspective. The societal approach is the preferred method for a RIS, however the consumer approach can be used where it approximates the results that would be obtained from the societal perspective. A societal perspective would include health benefits from reducing energy costs and benefits from reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Since these benefits are difficult to quantify and will increase the overall benefit from the regulation, not considering them and using the consumer approach is a reasonable and conservative proxy for the societal analysis. An analysis from a consumer perspective involves the use of retail product prices and marginal retail energy prices. Since the objective is to assess whether product buyers (consumers) as a group would be better off, transfer payments such as taxes are included. The analysis includes retail mark-ups and taxes that will be passed onto the consumer and including these in the costs will simplify the analysis process, while still remaining appropriate. The consumer approach is also recommended for the development of RISs associated with the E3 Program (NAEEEP 2005). The alternative analysis approach, of assessing from a resource perspective, would require a new set of factors and assumptions to be introduced to the analysis, particularly regarding manufacturing costs, and would also mean the impact of varying discount rates would be very much more difficult to assess. The following options were modelled: Option A - MEPS for LED lamps Option B - MEPS for LED lamps and phase out of halogen lamps. The above MEPS are described in detail in the main body of this RIS. For each policy, a BAU and a Policy Scenario have been modelled, for both Australia and New Zealand (where required). Key assumptions and parameters for each scenario are detailed in later in this Attachment. Greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption GHG emissions due to lighting are calculated by multiplying energy consumed (by lighting products at end-use) and GHG emissions intensity factors (as determined by the electricity generation mix). The GHG emissions factors used in this RIS are given in .
ATTACHMENT E: Phase out of inefficient lamps Scope Table 29 below provides information on the proposed phase out for different lamp technologies/type. E3 will finalise phase out details in consultation with stakeholders as part of drafting the determination. Energy Ministers will approve final detail in considering the replacement incandescent and halogen determination. Note: Class refers to the product classes referenced in the GEMS Incandescent Determination. Table 29: Proposed phase out of halogen and incandescent lamps Technology and/or type Proposal Incandescent and halogen Pilot lamps Phase out greater or equal to 10w pilot lamps Incandescent and halogen lamps 25W and below (candle, fancy round decorative) (Class 3,4,5) Caps: E14, E26, E27, B15 or B22d Phase out greater or equal to 10w Mains voltage Incandescent and halogen non-reflector (class 6) Caps: E14, E26, E27, B15 or B22d Phase out all non-directional lamps Mains voltage halogen capsules Caps: G9 bi-pin Proposed for phase out. As part of drafting determination, review availability of LED replacements for halogen G9 in higher lumen ranges. voltage reflector incandescent lamps (includes halogen) Caps: E14, E26, E27, B15, B22d, GU10 Currently unregulated. As part of drafting determination review gap between halogen and LED (R and PAR) to confirm feasibility of phase out. Review consumer impacts of phasing out GU10 halogen downlights without MEPS on LED recessed luminaires (replacement for GU10 in addition to LED downlight). Exemptions