Labour force (procured locally) Employment opportunity and income to locals Negative impacts. Discharge of construction wastes and soils Change of quality and turbidity of Burka river Loss of visual amenity of the area Disturbances Burke river banks and immediate land areas. Erosion and land degradation of Burker banks Dust emissions Decreased local air quality and caking of surfaces of nearby features. Damage to utility system in road wayleave / reserve Disruption services (electricity and water supply) in the immediate areas and wider area Inadequate security / sense of ownership in neighbouring areas Vandalism or theft of construction materials other items with ready-made market or for home use. Drainage channels without addition of access/cuts across drains to houses/property Involuntary restrictions of access to resources, business or services; property or asset Expose of construction crew to conditions: accidents from elements and/or machinery, open pits Injuries, discomfort and loss of productive time Expose of public to risky conditions: accidents from elements and/or machinery, open pits Injuries, discomfort and conflicts Operation Phase (risks and impacts) Project Aspect / Activity Short-Term Impacts (Direct impacts) Long-Term Impacts Positive impacts Upgraded road Improved road access (to social and economic facilities), connectivity, and reduced travel time and costs Negative impacts and risks Upgraded road (increasing speeding traffic) Increased accidents Inadequate security / sense of ownership in neighbouring areas Vandalism or of road furniture and items with ready-made market or for home use.
Table 9.Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan: Upgrade of Unga Ltd- Muriet Road Project Activity / aspect Anticipated Effect Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Parameter Responsibility Schedule Cost and Source of Funds BURKA RIVER (A NATURAL HABITAT) 1.1 Sediments in runoffs from construction Increased turbidity of Burka river Soil erosion control measures (See section 3 below) Check water quality at points of entry into the river LGA Works Engineer, Contractor, Consultant Engineer, LGA EMO Construction period Part of BOQ WATER RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT 2.1 Improved drainage system Reduce risk of flooding and stagnant pools of water Enhancement measures: monitoring and preventive maintenance Inspect channels construction and routine of condition Contractor, LGA Works Engineer, LGA EMO Construction & Operation Period Part of BOQ 2,2 Physical placement of bridge on River Burka Change drainage systems / change of water course Avoidance strategies:- observe setback lines: 30m from river banks Check siting plans, inspect road construction LGA Works Engineer, Design / Consultant Engineers, LGA EMO Siting Part of BOQ 2.3 Soil disturbance / erosions (excavation, trenching etc) and increased sediments load in runoffs Change of river flow Increased water turbidity Soil erosion control measures (see section 3 below Check natural channel, Check water quality and turbidity at points of entry into river Burka LGA Engineer, Contractor, Design / Consultant Engineers, LGA EMO Construction Period Part of BOQ
2.4 Uncontrolled water extraction from Burka river or unauthorized community sources Water resource depletion Extract from alternative authorized sources (e.g. underground aquifers or connection to authorised Municipal / community water supply systems Check point of water source. LGA Engineer, Contractor, Design / Consultant Engineers, LGA EMO Project Planning, Construction Period Part of BOQ Increase pressure on existing community water supply systems Number of complaints received from other users / authorities. LAND, SOIL AND MINERAL RESOURCES 3.1 Site preparation (clearing of vegetation) and works (trenching, digging, excavation). Soils erosion at road construction site and points of source of materials Use Contractors with requisite experience of land management and soil erosion control LGA Contractors Procurement Board Project Planning NIL Avoidance / minimization of soil erosion: Minimize surface area to be cleared during and minimize the removal of stumps, trees and natural vegetation Minimize the extent and exposure time of bare/cleared areas Machinery operations: Avoid use of heavy machinery during rainy season to avoid ground compaction, creation of ruts. Inspect cleared site and routine of condition LGA Works Engineer, Contractor, Design / Consultant Engineers, LGA EMO Construction Period Part of BOQ
3.3 Uncontrolled excavation / extraction of construction materials sand, gravel, cobblestones, fill materials) Depletion of construction materials at points of source Contractor procurement / obtain construction materials only from authorized sites or suppliers. Decrease / no change of rate of exploitation of construction materials Contractor, Design / Consultant Engineers, LGA Works Engineer, Borrow pit owners (e.g. TANROADS) LGA EMO Construction Period Part of BOQ MATERIAL EFFICIENCY AND WASTES 4.1 Uncontrolled water use (for construction, drinking purposes) Reduced volume of available for various uses Institute measures for reduction of consumption, waste water, and pollution by: Reducing water consumption Avoiding spillage and leakage Education awareness of workers on measures to minimize water loss Water consumption rate and quality LGA Water Department Local Management Committees LGA EMO On-going $100 a year 4.2 Uncontrolled use of construction materials Reduced volume of material available for various uses Avoiding losses due to spillage and leakage Establishing preventive maintenance programmes Substituting and/or reducing the use of materials harmful to the environment (e.g. (leaded fuel) Use materials formulated with internationally acceptable benign (non / low toxicity / ingredients Material consumption – (regular loss assessments through all use steps) 4.3 Discharge of biodegradable / organic wastes: Increase nutrients in All solid wastes collected and disposed at authorized disposal site. Waste management procedure Contractor LGA Works Engineer Planning period Part of BOQ
food, waste water, cleared vegetation soils and aquatic bodies Proliferation of disease germs and vectors Filling pits with vegetation, excavated soils etc. LGA EMO, Local recyclers (metal works, wood works, packaging) Check soil / water quality at points of entry into receptor LGA Works Engineer LGA EMO, On-going $100 a year 4.4 Disposal of cardboards, wood & packaging materials metallic, plastic Loss of visual quality Soil degradation, Decrease volume of / increase rate of removal of waste
Materials to control discharges: e.g. absorbent material, sand bags, shovels, pumps, machinery, containers, and gloves stored near construction areas Machinery operations: avoid use of heavy machinery: closer than 30m from watercourses (River Burka) during rainy season. All repairs, maintenance, refilling undertaken offsite away from the river CONSTRUCTION WASTES Waste water from concrete works, washing of aggregates, maintenance workshop 5.2 Rubble, chunks of pavement, pieces of concrete and masonry, 5.3 Non-reusable excavated material Soil degradation, Degradation of water quality of receiving water bodies Waste water contained not to enter into environment: construct drainage channels to divert runoff water from sensitive habitat (Burka river) Avoid / minimize discharging onto land and in water Fill material in open pits Contractor, Consultant Engineer LGA Engineer, LGA EMO Construction period Part of BOQ Check soil / water quality at points of entry into receptor On-going $ 100 a year AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
6.1 Exhaust fumes (containing GHGs) from construction equipments Reduced air quality GHG effects that affect climate change Repair and maintain machinery (regular preventive maintenance for all equipments) Check air quality at point of sources Contractor, Consultant Engineer, LGA Works Engineer, LGA EMO Construction period Part of BOQ Engines should not be left running unnecessarily to reduce exhaust fumes (also reduce noise, smoke, dust etc.) 6.2 Dust from bare land or loose surfaces; fine sand, cement and other materials from construction, excavation activities. Caking of surfaces (near vegetation, buildings, streams, Avoid dust formation; contain fine sand, cement and other materials with a firmly fixed cover Installation of dust filters on equipment Dust-control agents : water spray Speed restrictions etc. conditions of receptors Contractor, Consultant Engineer, LGA Works Engineer, LGA EMO Construction Period Part of BOQ 6.3 Odours (from wastes in drainage channels) Reduced air quality, Nuisance to receptors Prevention at source (proper waste management) Check air quality at point of sources Number of complaints. Contractor, Consultant Engineer, LGA Health, LGA EMO On-going $ 100 a year BUILT ENVIRONMENT 7.1 Existing Unga Ltd – Muriet road upgraded, Access and services improved during operation Enhancement measures: Regular Preventive Maintenance Plan LGA Works Engineer, LGA EMO On-going $ 100 a year 7.3 Physical presence or construction works Existing infrastructure damaged or access restricted causing Machinery operations: use of heavy machinery near properties to prevent damage or cracks condition of infrastructure Incidences of complaints. LGA Works Engineer, Contractor, Consultant Engineer, LGA EMO During construction Part of BOQ
disturbance, travel longer distances etc. LAND RIGHTS AND LANDUSES 8.1 Taking of land due to road realignment, meeting standards Loss of land rights and improvements on the land Avoid or minimise land and property acquisition: Road construction works to maintain the same road alignment removal and/or damage to existing structures and infrastructure during construction Valuation and prompt compensation Census of people land will be taken (even temporarily) and inventory of their assets and properties. Number of complaints over compensation LGA Land Sector, LGA Works Engineer, / Sub-ward Governments, Local Resettlement / Grievance Committees, Siting Phase RAP Budget Locating drainage structures and outlets that will pose problems to land users e.g. a steep ditch that cannot be easily crossed preventing access to services/land across theroad. Managing existing land use avoid or minimize: Removal of trees or plants with economic or food-source functions (e.g., fruit and shade trees) Access roads that will result in individuals or communities to lose any assets e.g. land
Noise from construction works: Carry out operations generating high-intensity noise during day light hours Using the noise-suppressing devices available on certain equipment (e.g. mufflers, etc). 10.2 Modifications to air quality (increase of air pollution from emissions, dust, odours from wastes) Health effects especially on vulnerable groups (e.g., hospital patients, children, and elderly people); Health and safety procedure incorporate measures under section 5 above LGA Works Engineer, Contractor, Consultant Engineer, Managers of facilities, LGA EMO Construction period On-going Part of BOQ 10.3 Construction site hazards (sharp or falling objects, open pits for foundations, waste water etc) Injuries / fatalities Health and safety procedure consider:- Warning signs Backfilling of open pits and restating to original condition Check conditions at site Number of complaints Contractor, Consultant Engineer, LGA EMO, LGA Health Sector, LGA CDO During construction Part of BOQ 10.4 Pits filled with water at project site and quarry sites Creation of new breeding habitats for agents / vectors of diseases (i.e. proliferation of mosquitoes)
10.5 Construction traffic hazards (e.g., road deviations) Effects on traffic safety, inconvenience related to vehicles causing accidents, congested traffic, material spillage, increased travel duration and distance Selection of appropriate transportation with consultations with stakeholders, avoiding large agglomerations. Good Site Practices: Informing locals Signage and signal personnel where appropriate; vehicle lighting (front and back). Training and testing (i.e. vision of heavy equipment operators and drivers Requirements that all drivers have licenses and insurance. Transportation restrictions: vehicle movement restricted to pre-determined routes; maximum load restrictions; restrictions on movement of vehicles and limits; day time movements if desired; and parking and on-site traffic movement. Noise and dust control measures (see above) Compliance with all Tanzanian transportation laws/standards Number of complaints LGA Works Engineer, Contractor, Design / Consultant Engineers, LGA EMO, Sub-ward Governments, During construction Part of BOQ OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
11.1 Exposure to dust, noise; Exposure to sun/heat; Exposure to water-borne infections from food, drinking water Disturbances / nuisance and discomfort PPEs: provide all workers with required PPE (i.e., supply safety equipment on a worker’s responsibilities, e.g., provide dust masks to workers working in dusty conditions); enforce the correct use of PPE by workers and apply sanctions to workers who are not compliant Working environment: provide adequate sanitation, potable water, and rest areas and periods to workers; signing during construction Number of incidences of sickness LGA Engineer, Contractor, Consultant Engineers, LGA EMO, LGA Health Sector, During construction Part of BOQ Serious injuries Sickness and ill-health (reduced manpower) RISKS TO PROJECT FROM NATURAL FACTORS 12.1 Extremes of climatic elements: rains / storm - Damage of road Choice of materials and designs resilient to extremes of natural events i.e. able to with stand pressures/forces Physical placement of infrastructure and facilities observe setback lines and other siting standards Number of incidences of damages Contractor, Design / Consultant Engineers, LGA EMO, LGA Proponent Sector, Siting Part of BOQ 12.2 water drainage causing flooding and overflows. Damage of road RISKS TO PROJECT FROM NEIGHBOURING ACTIVITIES AND DEVELOPMENTS Land disturbances activities: cultivation livestock grazing, Destruction of upgraded road Stakeholders Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Plan Continuous engagement with project affected individuals and groups prior to project. IEC plan includes early formal Incidences of vandalism of road furniture Number of complaints Occupation, economic and