CHAPTER TWO: PEST MANAGEMENT POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK AGRICULTURE AND PEST MANAGEMENT IN MALAWI Production of both crops and livestock in Malawi is limited by a number of factors, which include aspects of weather, low soil fertility, poor agronomic practices and the incidence of insect pests and diseases. The outbreaks of insect and diseases in Malawi are currently on the increase as they are known to cause crop losses of up to 30% (Coffman et al, 1992). Malawi, like most of the countries that depend on agriculture, uses some considerable amount of pesticides as one way of combating pest problems. The pesticides that are used in Malawi include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, fumigants, nematocides, Acaricide and rodenticides. To some extent, other products such as growth regulators, repellents, molluscicides and parasiticides are also used. Recently some scientists have initiated the testing of some botanical plants to regulate pests. The major crops that are grown in Malawi, for which pesticides are used, include tobacco, sugarcane, coffee, maize, cotton and tea. Pesticides are used for these crops to prevent and control the various pests and diseases that attack them. Table 2.1 illustrates the estimated use of pesticides in Malawi by crop. Table 2.1 Pesticides use in Malawi for the Major Crops CROP ESTIMATED USE (% of total) Tobacco 40-50 Coffee 15-20 Sugarcane 10-15 Cotton 10 Tea 5 Maize 4 Source: Pesticides Control Board, 2004 Malawi does not manufacture pesticides. This means that all pesticides that are consumed in the country are imported. There are some chemical companies that import pesticides into the country and these in turn supply the pesticides to various stakeholders in both crops and livestock production. The most abundantly consumed products are insecticides, followed by herbicides and then fumigants, fungicides and rodenticides. Herbicides are mostly used in sugar plantations, whereas fumigants are mostly used in the tobacco industries. Insecticides are mostly used in field crops particularly maize. The major importers of pesticides in Malawi are: Farmers Organizations; Chemicals and Marketing; Agricultural Trading Company (A.T.C); Coffee / Tea Association of Malawi; Sugar Corporation of Malawi (SUCOMA); and Leaf
Recommended management practices Stalk borers (Busseola fusca) Burry or burn Stalks to eliminate diapausing larvae Plant early to reduces infestation Intercrop with pulses (except rice) Apply neem (arobani) powder (4-5 gm i.e. pinch of 3 fingers) per funnel Apply neem seed cake (4 gm/hole) during planting Use carbofuran and carbaryl as insecticides Use extract of Neuratanenia mitis, a botanical pesticide Apply ash in maize funnels. Uproot and burn any infected crop African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) the crop immediately the forecast warns of expected outbreak in the area Apply recommended insecticide or botanical extract timely Seedling weevils (Tanymecus spp. & Mesokeuvus spp) Plant timely to avoid damage Scout the crop lambda cyhalothrin if necessary Larger grain borer (LGB) Weevils Moths Red beetle Dried bean beetles Select tolerant varieties Harvest timely, dry adequately and sorting and produce Dehusking and shelling Cleaning & repair storage facilities Use rodent guards in areas with rat problems Use improved granaries such as metallic silos. Use appropriate natural grain protectants where applicable or, use recommended insecticides at recommended dosage Keep the grain in air tight containers and store these in a shady place, preferably in-doors Carry out regular inspection of the store and produce for timely detection of damage to the grain and/or storage structure to minimize potential loss or damage Promote biological control of LGB using Teretriosoma nigrescens (Tn) to minimize infestation from wild sources. Red locust Planting early Promote use of green muscle which include fungal formulation Fenitrothrom especially in extreme cases Grey leaf spots (GLS) Practice crop rotation Plant recommended resistant varieties Observe recommended time of planting, Remove infected plant debris by deep ploughing Uproot and burn infected crops. Maize streak virus Planting early Plant recommended resistant varieties Uproot and burn infected stalks after harvesting Northern leaf blight Practice crop rotation Deep plough crop residues Plant recommended resistant varieties streak virus (MSV) (Cicadulina mbila) Observe recommended time of planting to the diseases Plant recommended tolerant varieties Early planting
Table 5.1: Integrated Pest Management and Monitoring Plan Item No Potential Issues / Concerns of Concern Control/Mitigation Measure Responsible Person/Institution Standards/Regulation Monitoring Institution Monitoring Frequency NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF CHEMICAL PESTICIDES Depletion of organic soil nutrients Persistent use of chemical pesticides Apply soil conditioning measures which include IPM Farmers IPMMP ASWAp-SP EMC Quarterly 1.1 Poisoning of non target species including sprayers and consumers Lack of knowledge of pesticide potency and negligence Training Monitor use of pesticides to ensure that only approved and recommended chemicals are used ASWAp - SP Pesticides Act -PCB -EAD Annually 1.2 Adulteration Lack of controls Inspection, sampling and testing Pesticides Transporters and Suppliers -Packaging and storage standards -Product specifications -EMA -Pesticides Act -MBS, PCB, - SP EMC Quarterly 1.3 Health and safety risks Exposure to pesticides -Provide protective clothing and ensure it is used. -Train farmers in proper pesticides handling. -Routine medical examination Agro-dealers Labour regulations, PCB regulations -Min. of Labour. -PCB -DA -ASWAp - SP Annually 1.4 Water, soil and Environmental pollution building for storage of pesticides. -Construct suitable warehouse -Use of bio-beds, draining channels and draining dams. Pesticides Transporters and Suppliers Frmers -Pesticides and equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. PCB Environmental Affairs. Quarterly
-Cleaning of equipment, -Disposal of remains of pesticides -Disposal of containers and equipment -Use chemical remains to re-spray. -Clean equipment in one place. -Use plants such as water lilies to absorb waste pesticides. -Take stock of pesticide containers -Integrated Pesticide Management -Train farmers not to spray toxic chemicals close to water sources farmers to maintain spray equipment in safe operational order -Water pollution standards. -Water Resources Board Wrong shelving or stacking -Routine inspection and inventory checks Agro-dealers -PCB regulations, -Manufacturer’s guidelines -PCB -DA Half yearly -Inadequate storage -Bad housekeeping use of warehouse -Provide adequate and separate storage space for pesticides Agro-dealers -PCB regulations, -Manufacturer’s guidelines -PCB Half yearly
-Improper disposal of cleaning water and old equipment recommended by manufacturer. -Use bio-beds and draining dams to dispose cleaning and drainage waters -Integrated Pesticide Management -PCB regulations. Water resources regulations Buying the required and approved quantities only Agro-dealers Pesticides Act PCB Quarterly 1.5 Pesticide misuse, over / under use Lack of appropriate knowledge -Training and awareness campaigns - SP Pesticide manufacturers regulations -PCB, -EAD Annually 1.6 Intentional poisoning Frustration, Social pressures -Ensure responsible, mentally sound and mature persons are given charge and control of pesticides. -Restrict accessibility to pesticides. -Spot checking Farmers Agro-dealers ASWAp - SP Pesticides Act -PCB -Min of Labour -DA Annually Drug resistance in pests Lack of appropriate knowledge in pesticides application Train farmers in correct application of pesticides Farmers ASWAp - SP Pesticides Act PCB Half yearly
POSITIVE IMPACTS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS Reduced environmental and health risks Establish and disseminate environmental and health benefits of biological controls to the communities for them to appreciate the advantages ASWAp - SP EMA Water Resources Board -EAD -Ministry of Labour -Ministry of Health Quarterly Ease of application and integration with other control methods Prepare an inventory of indigenous and established biological control methods and conduct community awareness seminars to enhance community knowledge base ASWAp - SP IPMMP Department of Land Resources Annually Resistance to pests through improved varieties Rural people have a tendency of resisting to introduction of new varieties and sticking to traditional seed varieties. Awareness campaigns on the benefits of new and improved seed varieties, which are resistant to pest will help reduce ASWAp - SP IPMMP MoAFS Annually
utilization has to be developed to reduce the costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF MANUAL METHODS Health hazards Slow but suitable for smallholder farmers Use appropriate manual implements and tools Farmers ASWAp-SP Department of Land Resources Anuaaly POSITIVE IMPACTS OF IPM Increase in agricultural yields Non chemical methods are generally slow Train farmers in timely and appropriate use of pest management techniques to protect maize from the great grain borer and other pests; and to protect other crops from pest damage ASWAp - IPMMP MoAFS Annually
IPMP training and capacity building is necessary for the key role players and stakeholders. It will ensure that they possess the appropriate skills for maximum IPMP implementation. Organizations and institutions to be trained are presented in Table 6.1 Table 6.1: Training programme for implementation of IPM Institution to be trained IPMP training objective Area of concentration Training duration Farmers Acquire technical knowledge Carry the message home to their peers Engage in participatory learning biological and ecological control Pest management (theoretical and practical) Precautionary safety measures of pesticide use 3 days ASWAp-SP Building capacities of researchers to farmers and community leaders Promoting IPMP activities. Conduct research and lessons learnt in related projects in Africa and elsewhere. Learn about elements necessary to consider when preparing annual work plans and budgets. To be fully abreast with ASWAp-SP’s PMP, so they can be fully informed as they provide direction for SWAp-SP’s pest management Agriculture research in of interest for ASWAp-SP Farmer/trainer coordination Promotion of IPMP Management of outbreak and migratory pests. Leadership Financial advice Program duration Ministry of Health (MoH ) set up databases on incidence of data on poisoning, effect of pesticides on human health and environmental contamination. IPMP scientific study data collection, analysis and storage Assess pesticide use impact on the environment N/A
MoAFS: provide logistical and technical support to the ASWAp-SP training team. provide staff within districts for training local farmers Train IPM trainers. provide capacity and policy guidance and/or oversight for implementation of the IPM play major role with NGOs/CBOs in the public awareness campaign monitor the prevalence of inputs supply by the dealers Play a secondary supportive role to IPMP implementation, and provide general oversight of the project N/A Environmental Affairs Department (EAD): Collaborate with the district hospitals and natural resources management offices of the districts on training and beneficiary Farmer Groups in environmental and pest management. Training farmers in IPMP N/A Land Resources and Conservation Department (LRCD) assist in training in management practices IPMP non pesticide management N/A Pesticides Control Board (PCB) Regulate pesticide: Imports Transportation Use Disposal registration Regulation N/A WorldBank, FAO and Global IPM facility serve as a valuable source of technical information provide technical support for training, planning and field implementation of IPM in Farmer Groups. Organization support for research N/A Agriculture Service Providers and NGOs Provide services and technical support to the field implementation of IPM and other pilot IPMP. Specialized leadership N/A
Cypermethrin Cypennethrin EC 200g/LT Cypersan EC 200g/LT Cyrux EC 200g/LT Kemprin EC 200g/LT Sherpa EC 200g/LT Cymbush EC 200g/LT Ripcord EC 200g/LT Novacord TM EC 200g/LT Cypennethrin + Profenofos Polytrin C EC 40 + 400g/LT Deltamethrin Bitam Deltabak K-O Gard Crackdown Cislin Decitab Deltamethrin Decis K-Otab Decis forte SC SC SC SC TB Tablet EC SC Tablet EC 50g/LT 50g/LT 50g/LT 10g/LT 10g/LT 25g/LT 0.5g/KG 50g/LT 25g/LT 100g/LT Kracker EC 2.5g + 475g/LT Shumba Supper DP 1.3g + 10g/KG Butoxide K-Biol EC 25g + 250g/LT Demeton-Methyl Metaxystox (I) Demeton-S-Methyl EC SC 250g/LT 250g/LT Diazinon Diazinon EC 275g/LT Dichlorvos DDVP Dedevap Dichlorvos DDVP 100 Doom EC EC EC EC M/V 1000g/LT 100g/LT 100g/LT Dicofol Kelthane EC 185g/LT Dimethoate Cygon Dimethoate Rogor, Perfethion Dimethoate 20 WP EC EC EC EC WP EC 400g/LT 400g/LT 400g/LT 400g/LT 200g/KG 400g/LT Disulfoton Disyston 5g Solvirex Disulfoton GR GR GR 50g/KG 50g/KG 50g/KG Disulfoton + Triadimenol Repulse 5.75g GR 50g + 7.5g/KG Endosulfan Thiodan Endosulfan EC SC 350g/LT 350g/LT
Endflo Agrisulfan dust Thioflo Thionex Thiokill MO EC SC WP SC MO DP SC WP EC EC 350g/LT 350g/LT 475g/LT 475g/LT 350g/LT 350g/LT 50g/KG 475g/LT 500g/KG 350g/LT 350g/LT Fenitrothion Sumition EC 500g/LT Fenitrothion Sumithion Fenitrothion Folithion Tracker Garden Insecticide ULV ULV EC EC EC 1000g/LT 1000g/LT 500g/LT 600g/LT 600g/LT Fenitrothion + Fenvalerate Sumicombi 3D DP 25g + 5g/KG Fenpropathrin Meothrin EC 200g/LT Fenthion Labaycid EC WP 500g/LT 500g/KG Fenvalernte Fenkill Felecid EC EC 200g/LT; 500g/LT 200g/LT Fenvalernte Sumicidin Fenvalernte/ Sanvalerate Novacidin TM EC EC EC EC 200g/LT; 500g/LT 200g/LT; 500g/LT 200g/LT 200g/LT Fipronil Regent Fipronil GR GR 30g/KG 30g/KG Furfural Crop Guard EC 900g/LT Gamma BHC Bexadust DP 6.0g/KG Imidachloprid Confidor Confidor 70 Gaucho 70 WS Imidachlorprid Gaucho 600 FS Gaucho 390 FS Protect 200 SL Protect 700 WS SL WG WS WS FS FS SL WS 100g/LT, 200g/LT 700g/KG 700g/KG 45 WS 700g/LT 600g/LT 390g/LT 200g/LT 700g/LT Imidachloprid 233g/LT Monceren GT FS 390g/LT Imidachloprid/Thiram Gaucho T Gaucho 275FS Novacot WS FS FS 45 WS 175g/LT + 100g/LT 350g/LT Isofenphos Peril turfgrass Insecticide SC 500g/LT
Lambda-Cyhalothrin Karate Vajra Lambda-Cyhalothrin Novathrin EC WG CS EC EC EC 50g/LT 37.5g/LT 50g/LT 50g/LT 50g/LT 50g/LT Lufenuron Match EC 50g/LT Mercaptothion Malathion Mercaptothion WP EC WP 250g/KG 250g/LT 250g/KG Methamidophos Tamaron, Methaphos Sniper, Methamidophos EC 585g/LT Methomyl Methomyl, Lannate Methomyl, Lannate Methosan, Methomex SL SP SP 200g/LT 900g/KG 900g/KG Methoprene Kabat AE 41.3g/LT Mevinphos mevinphos EC 20g/LT Mineral oil Summer oil Bacoil EC EC - 835g/LT Monocrotophos Nuvacron Monocron Monocrotophos Monostem Azodrin Novacrotophos TM Phoskill WSC WSC WSC WSC WSC SL SL 400g/LT 400g/LT 400g/LT 400g/LT 400g/LT 400g/LT 400g/LT Oxydemeton-Methyl Metasystox ® EC 250g/LT Parathion Folidol EC 500g/LT Pamthion Pamthion Novaper EC EC 500g/LT 500g/LT Pamthion-Methyl Pamthion-Methyl EC 500g/LT Permethrin Coopex TC Tobacco Tabakskern Permethrin TC EC EC EC 250g/LT 50g/LT 5.0g/LT 100g/LT Phenthoate Elsan EC 500g/LT Phoxin Baythion Ant killer Turmoil soil insecticide EC EC EC 500g/LT 500g/LT 500g/LT Pirimiphos-Methyl Actellic EC Actellic dust Actellic smoke generator EC DP EU 500g/LT 20g/KG -
Ustilan WP 700g/KG Fluazifop-P-Butyl Fusilade super, Forte EC 150g/LT Fluazifop-R-Methyl Gallant Super EC 108g/LT Flufenacet SC 500g/LT Flumetsulam Broadstrike WG 800g/LT Fluometuron Cottonex FW 500g/LT Flazafulfuron Kantana WP 100g/KG Oxyfluorfen Goal EC 240g/LT Glufosinate ammonium Basta WSC 200g/LT Glyphosate Ridder weed killer Roundup Cobra + Duiker Shaikdown Turbo SL SL SL SL 360g/LT 360g/LT 360g/LT 180g/LT 480g/LT 500g/LT Gallant Super EC 104g/LT Halusulfuron Servian WG 750g/LT Hexazinone Ransom SL 240g/LT Hexazionone Hexazinone, Hexsan Velpar L Velpar SP SC, SL SC SP 240g/LT 750 DF 240g/LT 900g/LT Ioxynil +2,4 -D Actril D.S. EC 100g +600g/LTD Isoxatlutole Merlin WG 750g/LT MCPA (K-salt) MCPA SL 400g/LT MCPB MCPB AS 400g/LT Mesotrione Callisto SC 480g/LT Metazachlor Pree Butisan S EC SC 400g/LT 400g/LT, 500g/LT Metolachlor Dual Magnum + Falcon Gold EC 960g/LT Metribuzin Veto Sencor Contrast Turfgrass herbicide Sencor WP Metribuzin SC SC SC WP SC 480g/LT 480g/LT 480g/LT 480g/KG 480g/LT Metribuzin + Chlorimuron Ethyl Extreme plus WP 107 + 643g/KG MSMA MSMA SL 720g/LT
Aluminium phosphide Gastoxin Phostoxin Alphos + Aluminium Phosphide TB TB, Pellets 560g/KG 560g/KG Magnesium phosphide Degesch plates Degesch strips FU (plates) FU (strips) 607g/KG 607g/KG Methyl Bromide + Chloropicrin Methyl Bromide GA 980 + 20g/KG Metabrom Curabrom GA GA 980 + 20g/KG 980 + 20g/KG NEMATICIDES COMMON NAME TRADE NAME FORMULATION CONCENTRATION Cadusafos Rugby GR 100g/KG Ethoprop MOCAP GR 100g/KG Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) EC, MO 1800g/LT Fernamiphos Nemacur Nemacur EC GR 400g/LT 100g/KG Metham Sodium Herbifum Metam Sodium Liquid Concentration SC 510g/LT 510g/LT Methyl bromide + Chloropicrin Methyl brimide GA 980 + 20g/KG Oxamyl Vydate SL 240g/LT, 310g/LT 1,3 Dichloropropene Telone II Liquid concentrate 1110g/LT Metham-Sodium Herbifume Liquid concentrate 510g/LT MOLLUSCICIDES COMMON NAME NAME FORMULATION CONCENTRATION Carbaryl + Metaldehyde Snailban RB 20 + 30g/Kg Methiocarb Mesurol WP 800g/Kg RB (Pellets) 800g/Kg Methiocarb Draza RB 50g/Kg Byluscide EC, WP 250g/L; 700g/Kg Metason RB 50g/Kg PUBLIC HEALTH (ENVIRONMENTAL) PESTICIDES COMMON NAME TRADE NAME FORMULATION Alphacypermethin Fendona SC WP 58g/Kg 50g/Kg Betacyflutrhin Tempo SC 125g/LT Brodifacoum Finale (Rodenticide) RB BB CB CB 0.02g/Kg 0.05g/Kg; 0.75g/Kg 0.05g/Kg; 0.75g/Kg 0.02g/Kg
Klerat BB 0.05g/Kg; 0.75g/Kg 0.02g/Kg 0.05g?kg; 0.75g/Kg 0.02g/Kg 0.5g/Kg Chlorpyrifox Baygon roach bait DB - Coumatetralyl Racumin rat bait Racumin rat poison RB FW 3.75g/Kg 8g/LT Cyfluthrin Baythroid H Responsar WP EW 100g/kg 50g/LT Cyfluthrin + Propuxur Blattanex AE 2.5g/Kg + 10g/Kg Cyfluthrin + Tetramethrin Baygon spray AE - D-Allethrin Baygon mosquito coils FU (coils) 2g/Kg D-Allethrin + Piperonyl Baygon mosquito mats FU (mats) 50g + 2-g/Kg Butoxide DDVP Fly bait RB 5g/Kg Deltamethrin Glossinex Crackdonw K-Ogard K-Othrine K-Othrine 15 Deltabak crackdown/Cislin K-Othrine K-Othrine SC SC SC SC E.C SC SC WP DP 200g/LT 10g/LT 10g/LT 10g/LT 15g/LT 50g/LT 25g/LT 25g/Kg; 50g/Kg 2g/Kg Deltamethrin + Bednet K-Onet TB + Bednet - Diazion PCO diazinon EC 880g/LT Dichlorvos Super doom AE - Dichlorvos + Tetremethrin Baygon fumigator AE 10g + 2g + 10g/Kg Fenitrothion Reskol 64 EC 600g/LT Fipronil Fipronil Regent SC SC 200g/LT 200g/Lt Flumethrin Bayricol aerosol AE 2g/Kg Lambda-Cyhalothrin Icon 10 WP Icon 2.5 CS WP Cs 100g/Kg 25g/LT Mercaptothion Kopthion 50 DP DP 50g/Kg Methomyl Dy-fly RB 10g/Kg DBM Dibron SL 344.9g/LT Permethrin Coopex Dust DP 5g/Kg
Coopex WP Cooper WP Peripel 55 Temephosmostop Tobacco Cuard Imperator Coopex generator TC WP SC EC EC SC FU 250g/LT 250g/Kg 550g/LT 500g/LT 50g/Kg 100g/LT 135g/Kg Pemethrin + Piperonyl Pybuthrin 44 FU 0.39% + 0.382% + 0.206% Pipperonyl butoxide Baygon knockdown spray AE 10g + 2g + Butoxide + D-Allethrin Butoxide + D-Allethrin Pulvex fly smear - 0.206% + 0382% + 0.205% Phoxim + Honey Baygon ant bait RB 0.8G/Kg Propuxur Propuxur Baygon dust Baygon fly bait GA DP RB 0.5 – 2.0% 10g/Kg 10g/Kg Propuxur + Cyfluthrin Baygon surface spray AE - Pyrethrins + Piperonyl Coopermatic fly killer CB 9g/LT Butoxide Flip mosquito larvacide Mosquito larvacide oil Kontakil - - - - - RODENTICIDES COMMON NAME TRADE NAME FORMULATION CONCENTRATION Brodifacoum Finale Klerat SL BB BB 0.05g/LT; 0.025g/LT 0.05g/Kg; 0.02g/kg 0.05g/Kg Coumatetralyl Racumin FW Liquid BB Tracking powder 8g/LT 3.75g/Kg Flocoumafen Storm Supakill BB - 0.05g/Kg - PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS COMMON NAME TRADE NAME FORMULATION CONCENTRATION Alkylated condensate Agal 90 Agripon Agrowett Armoblen Astrozon green turf dye Compement Surfactant Surfactant Nontonic Surfactant Nontonic Surfactant Dye Surfactant Buffer + Spreader 940g/LT 940g/LT - SL Various SL Various - -
Zinc oxide Zinc oxide WP 78.5%m/m Zinc-Max Zinc Liquid Zinc complex 1130g/LT ANIMAL HEALTH (PARASITICIDES) COMMON NAME NAME FORMULATION CONCENTRATION Alphamethrin Paracide EC 70g/Lt Amitrnz Milbitrnz EC 237.5g/kg Amitrnz Triatix stock spray Triatix TR EC 125g/LT Cargaryl Pulvex dog shampoo EC 50g/LT Chlorfenvinphos Chlorfenvinphos SUPONA Supona Super EC EC EC 200g/LT; 300g/LT 200g/LT; 300g/LT 1000g/LT Chlorfenvinphos + Dioxathion Tic grease - 4g + 4g/LT Chlorpyrifos Barrier Pulvex dog dip Pulvex dog powder EC EC DP 480g/LT 150g/LT 10.7g/Kg Closantel Prantel L 25g/LT Cyfluthrin Cylence NF (pour-on) 10g/LT Cypermethrin Pouracide NF - Deltamethrin Decatix Spotton NF (pour-on) 50g/LT Febantel + Pyrantel Pamoate Welpan TB 1.6% + 1.44%m/v Febantel + Pyrantel emboate + Praziquantel Drontal TB - Fenbendazole Rintal FW 100g/LT Fenthion-methyl Bayopet spotton Ticuvon spotton L L 100g/LT; 200g/LT 200g/LT Flumethrin Flumethrin + Piperonyl Bayopet tick rinse Bayticol Drastic deadline Bacdip plus EC EC L (pour-on) EC 20g/LT 20g/LT 10g/LT 20 + 100g/LT Ivomectin Ivomec L (injecticable) (Endectoparasiticide) 1% M/V Levamisole Hydrochloride/ Oxychlozanide Levisan Flowable concentrate 25 + 34 g/LT Praziquantel Propuxur Cestocur Bayopet tic + Flea powder Bayopet dog colar Bayopet cat collar FW DP - - 25g/LT 10g/Kg 94g/Kg 94g/Kg
Propuxur + Cyfluthrin Bayopet surface spray AE - Quainthiophos Bacdip Bayopet dog and cat shampoo & conditioner AE EC - 2g/Kg 500g/LT - Rafoxanide Ranide FW - Thiabendazole Thibenzole FW - Toltrazuril Baycox Systamex SL FW 25g/LT - Tetrachlorvinphos Piperonyl Butoxide