Appendix B STANDARD WASTE CONVERSIONS The following sections provide conversions for solid waste and recyclable materials. Section 1 provides formulas to convert solid waste volume (cubic yards) into tons. Section 2 includes conversion factors to estimate the volume and weight of a number of solid waste and recyclable materials. 1. To convert yards to tons: A: For un-compacted to convert the units of cubic yards into tons, using the standard density of trash value of 250 pounds per cubic yard: Using “X” cubic yards, multiply by 250 pounds per cubic yard, divide by 2000 pounds per ton, to obtain value in tons. “X” cubic yards x 250 pounds ÷ 1 ton = ______ tons cubic yard 2000 pounds This equals: “X” cubic yards x 0.125* tons = _______ tons cubic yard *For compacted trash, use 0.4 in the formula instead of 0.125. In this case, 8 yards = one ton. B: To determine your own density value for un-compacted trash (instead of using the standard value of 250 pounds per cubic yard), using a 32 gallon trash can: Weigh the trash can both filled and empty (use a full 32 gallon trash can filled with trash roughly level to the top); Subtract the empty weight from the filled weight to get the weight of trash ( filled weight – empty weight = weight of trash); Use the formula, using “Y” your weight of trash (pounds), divided by 0.15 cubic yards per 32 gallon trash can, to obtain your value in pounds per cubic yard; which equals: “Y” pounds / 0.15 cubic yards = ________ pounds 32 gallon can 32 gallon can cubic yard Substitute this value for the 250 pounds per cubic yard value in Method A above. This would be the more accurate measure of your park’s specific waste. C: For compacted trash, to convert cubic yards into tons: To use a compaction ratio, multiply the appropriate ratio times the un-compacted trash weight in Formula A to obtain the compacted trash weight. “X” cubic yards x 3 (compaction ratio) x 250 pounds x 1 ton = ______ tons 1 cubic yard 2000 pounds Typical compaction ratios for trash: 3:1 (typical) 4:1 (higher-compaction vehicles)
If you or your hauler don’t know the compacting ratio, the typical values for compacted trash are 500 to 1000 lbs./cubic yard, average 700 lbs./cubic yard. Use 700 lbs. per cubic yard if you don’t have more accurate records. D: If you don't have size and weight information on your specific containers, then typical values can be used: 1 cubic yard = 202 gallons 32 gallon can = 0.15 cubic yards 60 gallon tote = 0.30 cubic yards 90 gallon tote = 0.45 yards 2. EPA’s Standard Volume-to-Weight Conversion Factors Category Recyclable Materials (u/c = uncompacted/ compacted & Volume Estimated (in pounds) FOOD SCRAPSA Food scraps, solid and liquid fats 55-gal drum 412 GLASS BottlesB Whole Bottles Semicrushed Crushed (mechanically) Uncrushed to manually broken Refillable BottlesC Refillable beer bottles Refillable soft drink bottles 8 oz container 1 yd3 1 yd3 1 yd3 55-gal drum 1 case = 24 bottles 1 case = 24 bottles 1 case = 24 bottles 500-700 1,000-1,800 1,800-2,700 300 10-14 12-22 12 LEAD-ACID BATTERIES CarD TruckE MotorcycleE 1 battery 1 battery 1 battery 39.4 lb 53.3 lb lead and plastic 9.5 lb lead and plastic METALS Aluminum CansF Whole Compacted (manually) Uncompacted Ferrous (tin coated steel cans) G Whole Flattened Whole Major AppliancesE Air conditioners (room) Dishwashers Dryers (clothes) Freezers Microwave ovens Refrigerators Ranges Washers (clothes) Water heaters 1 yd3 1 yd3 1 full grocery bag 1 case = 24 cans 1 yd3 1 yd3 1 case = 6 cans 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 50-75 250-430 1.5 0.9 150 850 22 64.2 92 130 193 50 181.1 267 177 131
The technical requirements are comprised of UNIFORMAT II (a uniform classification of construction systems and assemblies) specifications with performance and quality requirements specific to the project. NPS DSC Design Standards () be incorporated. To the maximum extent possible, the use of prescriptive specifications should be avoided or minimized unless it is necessary for technical coordination with the parks, other physical plant systems, or integration into existing maintenance and repair procedures. Prescriptive specifications have the effect of moving design responsibility for the specific building system from the Design-Build Contractor to the Government. The end product should be a complete and well-coordinated set that references requirements covered in 1, 2, and 3 of the RFP. The requirements shall be organized in accordance with ASTM E1557 (proprietary systems such as Speclink or others are acceptable) as follows: A Substructure A10 – Foundations A20 – Basement Construction B B10 – Superstructure B20 – Exterior Enclosure B30 – Roofing C Interiors C10 – Interior Construction C20 – Stairs C30 – Interior finishes D Facility Services D10 – Conveying D20 – Plumbing D30 – HVAC D40 – Fire Protection D50 – Electrical E Equipment and Furnishings E10 – Equipment E20 – Furnishings F Hazardous Waste Remediation F10 – Special Construction F20 – Selective Building Demolition