Establishing and building capacity within implementing agencies (regional and local) to address environmental and social governance in the WWS through targeted technical assistance in the form of awareness programs, trainings, and capacity building workshops. In addition, the Project will apply certain tools which are designed to mitigate against potential impacts and enhance the Project’s long term environmental and social sustainability goals. Recommended tools include the UWSS Guidelines, the Environmental Monitoring Template for the W&S Sector, the WMDP ESMF and RPF. The monitoring indicators outlined in the WMDP ESMF and RPF will be included in the overall monitoring and evaluation of the WMDP to ensure that environmental and social performance is measured in line with the Project’s M&E schedule. of
Table 8.1 Environmental and Social Priorities Matrix for WMDP General theme Sector trends Drivers Significance Priority E&S actions for the WMDP Social, Environment and Natural Resources Land degradation An additional 5.7% of Uganda’s land area is under cultivation as compared to 1990. Land degradation is evident in many of the country with about 36% of Uganda’s lands affected by severe land degradation and 10% by very severe land degradation. Land conversion Increased population growth that is still predominantly rural and agricultural, as well as indirect pressures such as lack of institutional capacity at district level to manage wetlands, ignorance of the law and weak enforcement mechanisms. Medium The ESMF will provide screening tools to identify and mitigate potential E&S impacts related to proposed interventions. Through the Project’s Subcomponent 1.3 (Kalagala Offset Sustainable Management Plan), interventions will aim to mitigate against this trend in the offset area. Water resources management Recent estimates of current and future use indicate that total water use will triple from 797 MCM per year to 2,133 MCM per year. By 2035, water use will constitute about a fifth of net water availability. Projections for 2035 indicate that use of water for agriculture is expected to double. However, the percentage of total water use by agriculture declines from 48% to 32% because of the high growth in drinking water use in rural areas, small towns, cities, and fisheries. Uneven spatial and temporal distribution of the water resources coupled with the ever increasing pressure exerted on the resource by rapid population growth, increased urbanization and industrialization, uncontrolled environmental degradation and pollution. High Subcomponent 1.1 and Component 2 will mitigate potential negative impacts associated with proposed UWSS interventions using the ESMF tools. In addition, the Project will provide awareness raising on sustainable water use as part of the ESMF capacity building initiatives. The Project should aim to develop a good groundwater knowledge base in call districts and extend surface water, groundwater (level and monitoring) networks, including water quality.
Deforestation The FAO estimates annual deforestation rate in Uganda to be 2.72% in 2005-2010, 4th highest in the world. Recent estimates (2008) point to an annual loss of 92,000 ha annually. Depletion in timber land production. Increased population growth Demand for wood products in manufacturing sector Woodfuel for energy consumption Lack for enforcement in the privately-owned forests (64% of all Uganda’s forests). Medium Key forest governance improvement measures need to be implemented. This can be implemented through awareness raising as part of the proposed ESMF workshops to DWDs/DEAs. Biodiversity Habitat loss, threats to biodiversity and forest degradation The principle threats to biodiversity in Uganda include habitat loss, modification and alteration along with unsustainable harvesting, pollution and introduction of alien species. Climate change induced extreme weather conditions will also introduce new threats to biodiversity. High The ESMF will provide screening to identify and mitigate potential E&S impacts related to proposed interventions. Through the Project’s Subcomponent 1.3 (Kalagala Offset Sustainable Management Plan), interventions will aim to mitigate against this trend. Wetlands Degraded wetlands threaten supplies, and increase the risk of flooding. Uncontrolled land reclamation for agriculture, industrial activities, and human settlement are the main factors. Medium The ESMF will provide screening tools to identify and mitigate potential E&S impacts related to proposed interventions. Through the Project’s Subcomponent 1.3 (Kalagala Offset Sustainable Management Plan), interventions will aim to mitigate against this trend. The Project should also aim to improve wetland knowledge base to support wetland management programs Climate change and climate variability While full and complete understanding of climate change, its direct causes, impacts and ways of countering those seems to be missing in Uganda, climate change related Impacted by high levels of deforestation and forest degradation Increased frequency of natural disasters Low Interventions should focus on improved management of water resources to cope with more intense floods and droughts. Interventions should also mainstream climate resilience into subproject designs.
activities are expanding exponentially. Water quality The deteriorating of raw water in Lake Victoria and other bodies continues to pose a challenge to water treatment whereas the quality of monitored effluent (municipal and industrial) improved considerably in FY 2007/8. There are increasing incidences of surface water pollution from both domestic and industrial waste discharges, and run-off from agricultural fields. Increasing urbanization, population growth and anthropogenic activities have resulted in significant deterioration in the quality of both surface and groundwater. Poor agricultural and sanitation practices, industrial waste discharge, and localized pollution from mining activities. Attributed to among other factors corrosion of borehole casings and raising mains and seepage of sewage waste High Reduce water pollution (e.g. level of COD and BOD) at major hotspots by ensuring that all development is authorized and developers are fully complying with the approved conditions in their certificates of approval. The WMDP ESMF will ensure that subproject screening will identify interventions which require EIAs or EMPs which must be reviewed by NEMA prior to subproject approval. Land use and land management The majority of poor farmers and pastoralists do not have the capacity to either invest in their own land, or in off-farm enterprises. The result is that household and farm productivity remains low or declines as land and fodder is continually exhausted. Smallholders who might be able to invest have very limited access to financial products and services. Market access is poor and transportation and transaction costs are high, which puts downward pressure on returns to farmers. Lack of land use policy and rangeland policy/pastoral code in Medium The Project’s RPF will ensure that proposed interventions will avoid and/or minimize to the extent possible involuntary resettlement or displacement. Where land acquisition is required, RAPs will need to be prepared. Institutional and Governance
13 Mubuya Constance DTB 0783831930 14 E. Julius Accountant 0782425279 15 Wandawa Jennifer Ag. ADHO MCH/RP 0782134325 16 Ddme Fred M. DWO 0719038583 17 Watenga Abednego CCBS 0779038583 DISTRICT NATURAL RESOURCE OFFICE Name Designation Contact 1 Opio Henry Ogeyi Senior Land Officer 0772632268 2 Wakube Charles Environment Officer 0752850078 MBALE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL Name Designation Contact 1 Nyaribu Rhoda Municipal Environment Officer 0772693722 2 Nambafu Fred Physical Planner 0777912155 3 Kimbowa John Town Clerk, Mbale 0772434329 KUMI TOWN COUNCIL 1 Okurut Vincent Town Clerk 0783504203 2 Ogutu George W. Water Officer 0774445661 AGU COMMUNITY IN NGORA SUB-COUNTY IN NGORA DISTRICT 1 Atai Margaret 2 Opio Anthony 3 Onunya Michael 4 Olesdag 5 Ongodia CH 6 Ojibo Francis 7 Eriadda M. 8 Odeke David 9 Okello Pantaleo 10 Amugo Conslant 11 Olupot S. J. 12 Atai M. 13 Akiteng 14 Apedun 15 Apal S. 16 Igimu D. 17 S. 18 Ajalo M. 19 Among M. 20 Asio V. 21 Amayo A. 22 Auma J. 23 Apedun V. 24 Asio G. 25 Ogaino Wilson 26 Opolot Gregori 27 Emorut Richard 28 Eria Tom 28 Otukei