Risk of disease spreading Communal toilets are a source of pathogens mainly from use without washing hands, and poor waste disposal. Diseases such cholera, typhoid, dysentery and diarrhea can be spread are spread through contact with dirty material. Dirty toilets also are home to various vectors (flies, cockroaches) and disease causing organisms. Mitigation for hand washing after visiting toilet, Notices inside the toilet advising on importance of hand washing. toilets kept clean/ regular cleaning Nuisance from Bad odor Anaerobic decomposition regularly releases offensive smell, mainly from hydrogen sulphide. Poorly maintained toilets always release a bad smell emanating from the decomposing wastes. This smell is a nuisance especially if the facility is located in a school, near class rooms, or in a market near hotels and food vendors. The smell also attracts flies and other pests which are disease vectors which can spread cholera, diarrhea, and typhoid. Mitigation Regular cleaning of the facility using detergents Water for flushing the toilet should also be available Permanent supply of to enable users to wash hands after visiting the toilet Pest outbreak Common pests attracted to dirty environment are rats, cockroaches, flies. These animals are also disease vectors. They transport germs from the toilet to nearby human settlement. When they come into contact with human food they cause food spoilage and spread of diseases. Dirty environmental also offer a perfect breeding ground for these pests to multiply. Mitigation Proper cleaning of the toilet Use of biopesticides Decommissioning Phase waste The waste will contain the materials used in construction including concrete, metal, drywall, wood, glass, paints, adhesives, sealants and fasteners. Although demolition waste is generally considered as
EMP for construction phase Environmental impact Mitigation measures Responsible party Time frame Cost ksh Sourcing of raw materials The contractor will obtain construction raw materials from sources that are compliant with NEMA Regulations. The contractor will procure quantities that are sufficient for the intended works only to curtail wastage. The contractor will commit to extensive use of recycled raw materials as will be appropriate and in a manner that does not compromise the safety of the development Contractor During construction Nil Occupational Health and Safety of Workers The contractor will provide workers with appropriate PPE and ensure their use Workers to be trained on equipment use aid facilities to be available on site Contractor to comply with the requirements of the OSHA All visitors to the site to be provided with PPEs Contractor, workers and site supervisors throughout construction 10,000for procurement of PPEs
Security of the facility and stock Lockable doors and or entrances Community participation to encourage ownership Fencing of the facility Proponent continuous 10,000 Ground and surface pollution Wastes will be evacuated from the bio digester only after thorough decomposition Proper maintainance of plumbing and associated works proponent Continuous -negligible Risk of disease spreading sinks for hand washing after visiting toilet, Notices inside the toilet advising on importance of hand washing. toilets kept clean/ regular cleaning Proponent / student continuous No cost Pests/ vermin outbreak Proper cleaning of the toilet proponent continuous Use existing school Nuisance from bad odor Regular cleaning of the facility using detergents Water for flushing the toilet should also be available Well designed biodigester/ airtight Proponent continuous Cleaning done by current school staff Solid waste generation and disposal Provide sanitary waste bins The proponent through a caretaker will ensure that the compound is clean Wastes from the biodigester can be used as manure Proponent in Continuous 3000
Increased demand for water Notices in the rooms to save water The toilet will be connected to the schools water supply Proponent One off at construction phase Implemented at construction phase EMP for decommissioning phase Environmental impact Mitigation measures Responsible party Time cost Safety risks The site will be fenced Collection and proper disposal of all waste Proper PPE will be provided to the workers on site Contractor workers Throughout decommissioning phase Solid waste pollution Segregate demolition material into different waste streams waste will be transported by a NEMA licensed waste Sale or donation of material for re use in construction Proponent and contractor Throughout decommissioning phase - Dust generation Sprinkle water on to dusty material Contractor Continuous -