Functionality Marine safety information Marine security information Short safety related messages General purpose information communication General purpose data exchange Robust high data exchange VDE satellite communications Safety of navigation Maritime locating devices Satellite detection of AIS Locating during SAR Message for AIS protocol IMO SN.1/ Circ.289 international application specific messages Regional application specific messages Base Station Vessel identification Vessel dynamic data Vessel static data Voyage related data Aids to Navigation Base Station Satellite detection of AIS Message 27 Sub functionality Area warnings and advice Meteorological and hydrographic data Traffic management Ship-shore data exchange Channel management High message payload Satellite communications Ship to ship collision avoidance VTS Tracking of ships Locating in SAR VDL control (by Base Station) Detection of vessels by coastal states beyond range of coastal AIS base stations As explained above, radio communication technologies are characterized by performance parameters. These include range, bandwidth, latency, and the need for shore facilities. The tables below list, in the column headings, the communications techniques that are presently available for maritime voice and data communications. It also includes some techniques which may become available in the short to medium term. Separate tables are provided for ship-to-shore and for communications. Six geographical regions are listed at the left column, defined by the ranges of a selection from the available communications technologies. The GMDSS sea areas, which approximately correspond, are also noted in the second column. The suggested most likely candidates for voice and data communications, for e-Navigation, in each of the six geographical areas are indicated by yellow color, with ‘E’ for existing technologies, and ‘F’ for future technologies or technologies currently not widely used in the maritime domain.
3 Geographical classification of e-Navigation data and voice communication techniques Ship-Shore e-NAV Area Definitions GMDSS Sea Area (approx) phone line or cable. (When ship at berth) Wi-Fi® Mobile phone AIS VDE Digital VHF voice and data Data by RADAR Satellite satellite comms MF & HF Navtex / MSI) DGPS beacon data service Current MF & HF NDBP HF digital data service MF/HF digital data services for MSI (incl 1 – Inside port A1 E F F E E F F E E E F F 2- Approaching port area A1 F E E F F F E E E F F 3A – Coastal navigation out to cell phone coverage (approx. 5nm) A1 F E E F F F E E E F E F 3B - Coastal navigation VHF coverage (approx . 25nm) A1 F E F F F E E E F E F 4 - Coastal approach (approx. 100nm) A2 E E E F E E F 5 - High seas A3 E E E E E F 6 - Polar regions A4 E E E E F Legend: Existing technology E Future: Not existing or not widely used F WiMax
A SYSTEM DESCRIPTION System Band Frequency Channel Bandwidth Data rate Status Life Span Ownership Mode Service Purposes Notes Distress and safety communication within GMDSS MF/HF Voice MF/HF 2182 kHz 4125 kHz 6215 kHz 8291 kHz 12290 kHz 16420 kHz 3 kHz Current Long Regional and International voice. Mobile to mobile. Fixed to mobile. Mobile to fixed. Distress Long distance, > 250 nm MF/HF DSC MF/HF 2187.5 kHz 4207.5 kHz 6312.0 kHz 8414.5 kHz kHz kHz 0.5 kHz 100 bps Current Long International Data (Digital) Mobile to mobile. to mobile. Mobile to fixed. Distress alerting Long distance > 250 nm 121.5 DF VHF 121.5 MHz Current International Carrier Mobile to mobile. Location. Line of sight VHF DSC VHF 156.525 MHz (Ch 70) 25 kHz 1200 bps Current Long International Data (Digital) Mobile to mobile. Fixed to mobile. Mobile to fixed. Distress alerting Line of VHF voice VHF 156.300 MHz (Ch 06) 156.650 MHz (Ch 13) 156.800 MHz (Ch 16) 25 kHz Current Long International Voice Mobile to mobile. Fixed to mobile. Mobile to fixed. Distress Line of Two way VHF voice VHF 156.025 - 161.950 MHz 25 kHz Current Long International Voice Mobile to mobile. On scene Line of AIS-SART VHF 161.975 MHz, 162.025 MHz 25 kHz 9600 bps/ TDMA Current Long International digital Mobile to mobile Location Line of sight
EPIRB UHF 406 MHz Current Long International Digital Mobile to satellite Distress alerting / Location / Homing Satellite; Global coverage Satellite C, B, F UHF Tx 1626.5 to 1646.5 MHz Rx 1525.0 to 1545.0 MHz Current Long 3rd party Digital. Voice and data. Satellite to earth. Earth to satellite. Distress alerting, distress Global coverage RADAR SART, SHF 9.2 – 9.5 GHz Current Medium International analogue Mobile to mobile Homing Line of sight UHF / VHF 406 MHz 161.975 MHz (AIS 1) 162.025 MHz (AIS 2) Current Long International Digital Mobile to satellite Mobile to Mobile Distress alerting / Location / Homing Satellite; Global coverage Maritime safety information promulgation NAVTEX MF/HF 518 kHz 490 kHz and 4209.5 kHz (for local language) 0.5 kHz Current Medium International Text Fixed to mobile. Reception of maritime safety information. Long distance, > 250 nm Broadcast to mobile only. Narrow band direct printing. (NBDP) HF . 4210 kHz 6314 kHz 8416.5 kHz 12509 kHz 16806.5 kHz 19680.5 kHz kHz 26100.5 kHz 0.5 kHz Current Medium Text Mobile to mobile. Fixed to mobile. Mobile to fixed. Reception of maritime safety information Long distance, > 250 nm EGC UHF Tx 1626.5 - 1646.5 MHz Rx 1525.0 - 1545.0 MHz Current Long International Digital data. Satellite to mobile Reception of maritime safety information (Safety Net) Global coverage
BeiDou 1.561098 GHz 1.589742 GHz 1.20714 GHz 1.26852 GHz Galileo 1.164-1.215 GHz 1.260-1.300 GHz 1.559-1.592 GHz Current Future Long Long Regional International LRIT Satellite Tx 1626.5 to 1646.5 MHz Rx 1525.0 to 1545.0 Mhz. Current Short 3rd party Data (Digital) Inmarsat Security. Vessel tracking. Environmental protection. Global coverage 2.9 to 3.1 GHz Current Long International Mobile and fixed Collision avoidance, Navigational aid. Line of Radar X Band 9.2 to 9.5 GHz Current Long International Mobile and fixed. Collision avoidance, Navigational aid Line of sight racon 2.9 to 3.1 GHz and 9.2 to 9.5 GHz Current Long International Fixed. Navigational aid Line of sight General communication
UMTS/3G UHF Current Long regional 3rd party Digital. Voice and data. Cellular. General voice and data Short range in locality IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) UHF/ SHF 2.4 – 2.5 GHz 5.17 – 5.33 GHz 4.9 GHz 11 Mbps 54 - 300 Mbps 54 Mbps Current Long local 3rd party Digital data LAN Peer-to peer Internet access Sort in locality < 100m <10 km IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) UHF/ SHF 2.5 GHz 3.3 GHz 75 Mbps Current Long local 3rd Digital data LAN Peer-to peer Internet access Short range in locality < 50 km IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) UHF 868-870 MHz 902 – 928 MHz 2.4 GHz 20 kbps 40 kbps 250 kbps Current Long local 3rd party Digital data range in locality < 30 km Future development HF Digital data HF 4 to 26 MHz 10 to 20 kHz. Near Future Long International Data (Digital) Mobile to mobile. Fixed to mobile. Mobile to fixed. Binary data for navigational and safety related purposes. KENTA (France) Has over VHF 40 to 250 NM (>250 sky wave). Satellite AIS VHF Channels 75 & 76 within RR App 18 25 kHz Min 9600 bps TDMA On and 1 January 2013 Long term International Data (Digital) Mobile to satellite. Security. Environmental protection. Vessel tracking. in future Closely related to current AIS. Same on ship AIS 5th & 6th Channels VHF Within RR App 18 25 kHz Min 9600 bps Future Long term International Data (Digital) Mobile to mobile. Binary data for Closely related to current
TDMA to mobile. Mobile to fixed. navigational and safety related purposes. Security and tracking. AIS. Same on ship AIS MMS channel VHF Channel 70 (AIS 1 and AIS 2) 25kHz 9600bps TDMA Near Future Long term International Data (Digital) Mobile to mobile. to mobile. Mobile to fixed. To manage data transfer over channels in the MMS. E.g. “go to channel XX to get update for Tokyo Bay. VHF Digital data. chart data Digital voice Virtual channels UMDM support Internet access VHF Mobile 156.025 to 161.950 MHz 256 to 100 kHz. On and after 1 January 2013 in 1 January 2017 in Regions 1 & 3 Long term International Data (Digital) Mobile to mobile. Fixed to mobile. Mobile to fixed. Binary data for navigational and safety related purposes. ITU 1842 SC 123 Managed or systems
1635 – 1705 kHz FIXED MARITIME MOBILE 5.90 LAND MOBILE 5.92 5.96 MOBILE BROADCASTING 5.89 Radiolocation 5.90 FIXED MOBILE RADIOLOCATION RADIONAVIGATION 5.91 Region 1 only and subject to restrictions on permitted coverage area 1705 – 1800 kHz FIXED MARITIME MOBILE 5.90 LAND MOBILE 5.92 5.96 FIXED MOBILE RADIOLOCATION AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGAT ION FIXED MOBILE RADIOLOCATION RADIONAVIGATI ON 5.91 Region 1 only and subject to restrictions on permitted coverage area 2045 – 2065 kHz FIXED MARITIME MOBILE LAND MOBILE 5.92 MOBILE Region 1 only 2065 – 2107 kHz FIXED MARITIME MOBILE LAND MOBILE 5.92 MARITIME MOBILE 5.105 5.106 No constraints 2107 – 2160 kHz FIXED MARITIME MOBILE LAND MOBILE 5.92 MOBILE Region 1 only 2170 – 2173.5 kHz MARITIME MOBILE No constraints 2173.5 – 2190.5 kHz MOBILE (distress and calling) 5.108 5.109 5.110 5.111 Distress and calling 2190.5 – 2194 kHz MARITIME MOBILE No constraints 2625 – 2650 kHz MARITIME MOBILE MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION 5.92 FIXED MOBILE Region 1 only 4000 – 4063 kHz FIXED MARITIME MOBILE 5.127 No constraints 4063 – 4438 kHz MARITIME MOBILE 5.79A 5.109 5.110 5.130 5.131 5.132 No constraints 6200 – 6525 kHz MARITIME MOBILE 5.109 5.110 5.130 5.132 5.137 No constraints 8100 – 8195 kHz FIXED MARITIME MOBILE No constraints 8195 – 8815 kHz MARITIME MOBILE 5.109 5.110 5.132 5.145 5.111 No constraints 12230 – 13200 kHz MARITIME MOBILE 5.109 5.110 5.132 5.145 No constraints – 17410 kHz MARITIME MOBILE 5.109 5.110 5.132 5.145 No constraints 18780 – 18900 kHz MARITIME MOBILE No constraints 19680 – 19800 kHz MARITIME MOBILE 5.132 No constraints 22000 – 22855 kHz MARITIME MOBILE 5.132 5.156 No constraints
2670 – 2690 FIXED 5.410 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.384A exploration-satellite (passive) Radio astronomy Space research (passive) 5.149 5.412 FIXED 5.410 FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.208B 5.415 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.384A Earth exploration-satellite (passive) Radio astronomy Space research (passive) 5.149 FIXED 5.410 FIXED-SATELLITE 5.415 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.384A MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.351A 5.419 exploration-satellite (passive) Radio astronomy Space research (passive) 5.149 No constraints 3400 – 3500 FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) Mobile 5.430A Radiolocation 5.431 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) Amateur Mobile 5.431A Radiolocation 5.433 5.282 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) Amateur Mobile 5.432B Radiolocation 5.433 5.282 5.432 5.432A Secondary 3500 – 3600 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) Mobile 5.430A Radiolocation 5.431 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) MOBILE except aeronautical mobile Radiolocation 5.433 FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.433A Radiolocation 5.433 Secondary in Region 1 None of the footnotes relating to the use of these bands specifically preclude any use for maritime services. With the exception of the band 3400 – 3600 MHz, the mobile service includes, unless explicitly stated, the maritime mobile service) has a primary allocation meaning that the use of these bands for maritime applications will pose no regulatory issues at the ITU. In the band 3400 – 3600 MHz, many of the footnotes relate to the upgrading of the mobile service from secondary to primary status, however it is known that in some parts of the world (especially in high rainfall areas such as around the equator) this band is still heavily used for satellite downlinks and as such its development for mobile services is likely to remain constrained. does not appear to be any necessity to expend significant effort on the standardization or regulation of these mobile communication technologies to make them suitable for the maritime community.
SAR ITU-R M.489-2 Technical characteristics of VHF radiotelephone equipment operating in the maritime mobile service in channels spaced by 25 kHz No e-Nav related comms change is anticipated for the use of 121.5 MHz for short range SAR purposes. However, were the VHF channels to be revised the SAR associated characteristic (M.489) would in any event be updated. N/A HF Voice ITU-R M.1173-1 Technical characteristics of single-sideband transmitters used in the maritime mobile service for radiotelephony in the bands between 1 606.5 kHz (1 605 kHz Region 2) and 4 000 kHz and between 4 000 kHz and 27 500 kHz No e-Nav related comms change is envisaged for HF voice services. However, if there is a broad encroachment of digital techniques into the band there may be a need to revise existing voice characteristics to accommodate data. N/A ITU-R M.1082-1 International maritime MF/HF radiotelephone system with automatic facilities based on DSC signaling format Data ITU-R M.1081-1 Automatic HF facsimile and data system for maritime mobile users WRC-12 decided channeling arrangements in AP17, effecting on 1 January 2017 for the implementation of HF data communications.
candidate future technologies. needs to be either an update to M.1798, or else a new characteristic to describe the selected HF digital data scheme to be used under Currently M.1798 and F.1821 describes multi-channel HF data links such as the system currently deployed by Globe Wireless for commercial services (email, etc.). ITU-R M.1798-1 Characteristics of HF radio equipment for the exchange of digital data and electronic mail in the maritime mobile service ITU-R M.627-1 Technical characteristics for HF maritime radio equipment using narrow-band keying (NBPSK) telegraphy ITU-R F.1821 Characteristics of advanced digital high frequency (HF) radiocommunication systems NAVTEX / NBDP MSI ITU-R M.625-4 Direct-Printing Telegraph Equipment Employing Automatic Identification in the Maritime Mobile Service
Satellite Comms Broadband ITU-R S.1709-1 Technical characteristics of air interfaces for global broadband satellite systems Broadband over satellite is an existing application of current satellite systems and does not warrant a specific characteristic for the maritime domain N/A MSI ITU-R S.1709-1 Technical characteristics of air interfaces for global broadband satellite systems The transmission of MSI over broadband may warrant a characteristic to define the data layers. This task should be coordinated through WP4C/SG4 existing question DGNSS ITU-R M.823-3 Technical characteristics of differential transmissions for global navigation satellite systems from maritime radio beacons in the frequency band 283.5-315 kHz in Region 1 and 285-325 kHz in Regions 2 and 3 The current characteristic M.823-3 will ultimately need to be updated to accommodate new developments in GNSS such as Galileo and COMPASS. This task should be coordinated through WP5B/SG5. Port Services WiMax / 2G / 3G / 4G The maritime community will make use of technologies developed and standardized for applications in port. No maritime specific characteristics are required. N/A
Inter-ship Broadband WiMax ITU-R M.1801-1 Radio interface standards for broadband wireless access systems, including mobile and nomadic applications, in the mobile service operating below 6 GHz Under e-Navigation, mesh WiMax networks could be deployed to provide broadband coastal networks. This would require a specific form of implementation of WiMax that would necessitate a specific technical characteristic. This task should be coordinated through WP5B/SG5 possibly under existing questions 212/8 and 238/8. eLoran data channel ITU-R M.589-3 Technical characteristics of methods of data transmission and interference protection for radionavigation services in the frequency bands between 70 and 130 kHz The existing technical characteristic will need to be revised to accommodate the definitive 9th pulse, Eurofix and/or new modulation schemes selected for the eLoran data channel. This task should be coordinated through WP5B/SG5 under a new question. SART ITU-R M.628-5 Technical Characteristics for Search and Rescue Radar Transponders Relates to 9 GHz SART, so no change required. N/A Racon ITU-R M.824-3 Technical parameters of radar beacons (Racons) No e-Nav related comms change. N/A Radio determination ITU-R M.1460-1 Technical and operational characteristics and protection criteria of radiodetermination radars in the 2 900-3 100 MHz band No e-Nav related comms change. N/A
EPIRB VHF ITU-R M.690-2 Technical characteristics of emergency radio beacons (EPIRBs) operating on the carrier frequencies of 121.5 MHz and 243 MHz No e-Nav related comms change. N/A Satellite (COSPAS / SARSAT) ITU-R M.633-4 Transmission characteristics of a satellite emergency position-indicating radio beacon (satellite EPIRB) system operating through a satellite system in the 406 MHz band No e-Nav related comms change. N/A EPIRB Satellite ITU-R M.632-3 Transmission Characteristics of a Satellite Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (Satellite EPIRB) System Operating Through Geostationary Satellites in the 1.6 GHz Band No e-Navigation related communications change. N/A