ICT Cannot see digital or electronic interfaces (computers, automated teller machines (ATMs), mobile devices, airport kiosks, televisions, printers, copiers, phones, devices, etc.) Screen readers can read interfaces and content out loud to by converting digital text to synthesized speech, but only if they have been designed to be accessible. Self-voicing interfaces and applications can communicate to users without the need for a screen reader, but these are appropriate mostly for broadcasting information, because they usually do not users interact with the interface or content as screen readers do. Refreshable Braille output devices use
screen readers to convert digital text to Braille. devices are typically expensive, and only a minority of blind people know how to read Braille. ICT Cannot use screen readers on digital content and interfaces not designed with accessibility in mind Interface designers and content authors can edit the markup to make it compatible with the assistive technologies used by people.
Architecture & Built Environment Cannot see signs or other text on buildings or other areas in the built environment Map and geolocation applications on mobile devices can announce the and descriptions of buildings and other information. Braille labels and descriptions on entrances, rooms, bathrooms, historical markers, and other points of interest can allow blind people to explore and understand their surroundings, as long as the person knows Braille, and as long as the Braille labels are easy to find. Tactile models of the exterior of buildings, or of floorplans
of the interior of buildings help people form a mental map of their surroundings. Consumer & Industrial Products Cannot see or feel the controls on flat interfaces on consumer devices such as microwaves, ovens, dishwashers, etc. Alternative interfaces with knobs or other tactile controls Audio interfaces Remote control through applications on mobile devices Consumer & Industrial Products Cannot read the text on the containers or packaging for consumer items such as medicine, toothpaste, shampoo, sunscreen, hand cream, personal care products, foods, drinks, candy, Embossed Braille (or Braille stickers ) on packaging and product containers help consumers identify items both in the store and after purchase.
Consumer & Industrial Products Cannot read money to determine its value Applications on mobile devices can photograph the money and read the value to blind people. bills and coins could be manufactured in different sizes, shapes, or textures to allow blind people to distinguish the value based on touch. systems of payment can allow blind people to make financial transactions via computers, mobile devices, or on-site payment hardware with screen readers or self-voicing output.
Consumer & Industrial Products Cannot read books, magazines, posters, postal mail, or other printed materials Optical character recognition software can convert scanned images of text into digital text readable by screen readers. The accuracy of the conversion depends on the quality of the original document, as well as font choices, line spacing, and the quality of the conversion software itself. Information can be placed online or in other digital formats to allow blind people to read the materials using their own assistive technologies. c. Low Vision
Domain Challenges Solutions ICT The portion of videos cannot be heard Provide synchronized captions with videos Provide sign language interpretation ICT Audio content cannot be heard Provide a transcript Provide sign language interpretation General Speeches and cannot be heard by deaf people in the room Provide sign language interpretation Provide live captions on a monitor during the speech Architecture and the Built Environment Doorbells, alarms, and other sounds may not be heard Provide alternative visual alerts, such as lights that flash, pulse, dim, turn on, or turn off. b. Hard of Hearing 3. Deafblindness Definition: Deafblindness is a that includes both deafness and blindness. Characteristics: A person who is both deaf and blind experiences all the characteristics of those two disabilities, with the added complexity that the absence of both vision and hearing severely limits the sensory input possibilities of the individual to just touch, smell, and taste. Of those senses, touch is the only viable method for complex communication. A deafblind person would need to learn Braille to access text, and sign language to access conversations (the deafblind person would feel the hands of the other person signing in the conversation).
Demographics: Approximately 35,000-50,000 individuals in the United States (about 0.014%) are both deaf and blind, according to . Assistive Technologies and Methods: Transcripts for video or audio converted to Braille, tactile sign language interpretation. Color-Blindness and ICT: Examples of Assistive Technologies and Adaptive Strategies Domain Challenges Solutions ICT Digital text cannot be seen A screen reader can convert text to Braille on a refreshable Braille device, or "printed" in a Braille embosser. ICT Audio (including the audio portion of videos) cannot be heard A text transcript of the audio can be converted to refreshable Braille by a screen reader, or "printed" in a Braille embosser. 4. Mobility, Flexibility, and Body Structure Disabilities a. Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control b. Ambulation c. Muscle Fatigue
ICT Inability to copy graphs, figures and diagrams Can use to verbalize instructions for completing homework and test questions when the questions are designed to accessibility guidelines and text-to-speech assistive technology can access content. May be granted additional time to complete tasks ICT Inability to perform calculations Can use an accessibility accommodation link to a reference sheet with common equations when provided Can use an onscreen calculator as an accommodation May be granted additional time to complete tasks e. Attention Deficit f. Learning g. Language
ICT Cannot use screen readers on digital content and interfaces not designed with accessibility in mind Interface designers and content authors can edit the markup to make it compatible with the assistive technologies used by those with Speech and Language disabilities May be granted additional time to complete tasks ICT May have difficulty writing understandable text May use programs with writing templates, organizational word prediction and spell checkers. May use programs May be granted additional time to complete tasks