Applications in Civilian engineering: New assembly strategies settle for broadcast the practicality of composites. Extrusion technology has enabled composites to be Composite into concerning any look and size required. Prospects for extruded fibre-cement composites for residential applications embody structural sections, trusses, joists, gutters, and piping. Within the interior, composites could also be manufactured as cupboards, panelling, shelving, doors, mouldings, railings, and stairs. (El-Ashkar 2002). Some analysis has advance to techniques for adjustment lurid fibres; supplemental set up during this space, and development of supplemental technologies for accomplishing change, is usually recommended. By aligning the lurid fibres, the virtually abbreviate breadth of the lurid fibres is at a lower place necessary in determining integrated properties. By parturition up an integrated from such bedding decumbent in specific directions, the backbone and acerbity of fibre-cement substances will once more be designed for specific applications. (El-Ashkar 2002). New integrated cast-in-place procedures as well settle for the adequacy to dramatise the applications of these composites for housing. During this space, analysis goals cowl developing techniques (e.g., fibre treatment, band methods) to accomplish compatible composite administration at high composite contents, as well as physics presumptuous of all-inclusive mixes. Establishing the technology fore cast in- place fibre-cement composites can agree for the accession of all-inclusive structural elements, like driveways, sidewalks, and foundations, with lurid composite reinforcement.(El-Ashkar 2002).
parts, and the developed absorption in accustomed fibres is evident. During this work, compactness and acerbity of Sisal and banana (hybrid), Roselle and assistant (hybrid and Roselle and sisal (hybrid) composite at dry and wet conditions were studied. Acerbity analysis was conducted application Brinell acerbity testing machine. During this work small structure of the specimens composite are scanned by the Scanning microscope. The acknowledgment includes the action to accomplish the composite and additionally the array of substances in automobile accessories (Tinazzi et al 2000). Usage In Automotive Industries And Automobile Components : Fibre composites in Aircrafts : Although the volumes of composites used for aircraft applications is a relatively small percentage of total use, the materials often find their most sophisticated applications in this industry. In aerospace the performance criteria placed upon materials can be far greater than in other areas – key aspects are light weight, high strength, high stiffness and good fatigue resistance. Composites were first used in military aircraft in significant quantities. The first applications were in random and then in secondary structures and internal components. The modulus of glass, however, is low compared with that of metals and so it was not until the introduction of boron and carbon reinforcements that primary composite structures were developed. Nowadays, composites are widely used and this has been the result of a gradual direct substitution of metal components followed by the development of integrated composite designs. The Airbus 320 uses a whole range of components made from composites, including the fin and tail plane. This has allowed a weight-saving of 800 kg over its equivalent in aluminium alloy. Composite materials comprise more than 20% of the A380's airframe. Carbon-fibre reinforced plastic, glass-fibre reinforced plastic and quartz-fibre reinforced
research of the activity assimilation characteristics in chemical compound attenuated materials. an beforehand is phony to draw calm and assort the set up worn out the expanse of attenuated activity assimilation that has been arise within the abstract in adjustment to larger admission the subsequently after-effect of a authentic connected on the activity assimilation capability of attenuated materials. An outline of the acclimatized research methodologies and crushing modes in attenuated tubes is as ready conferred. Finally, this agenda raises absolute tectonics problems by analytic the set up accumulated admixture all-important to accrue the slowing at a lower place 20g throughout a crash. When the time however, the abundant accumulated of abstract set up on use Thermoplastics tectonics breadth to accost the whole can really prove a bonus. several systems admission been developed for re-using admixture Thermoplastics as an axial accumulated of panels and large-diameter pipes - with ready accomplishments and social science. Thermoplastics arise within the research of Thermoplastics or thermosets. As Thermoplastics (which is that the aloft allocation of Thermoplastics tectonics products), they will be formed and re-shaped by the substance of clothing of warmth. The aloft basal skilfulness will still be utilized for the re-use of recirculates from acclimated merchandise, to accomplish new merchandise. (Velpari et al 2012) Thermoplastics and thermosets are a unit as well used in pipes and fittings, physical science etc: • adorning laminates • Thermoplastics for arising and irrigation pipes • Thermoplastics for bubbler christen pipes • Thermoplastics for electrics and physical science
Graph 12. Mean age of different marine sectors Descriptive Statistics: N Mean Std. Skewness Kurtosis Std. Error Statistic Age 10 60.00 5.00 65.00 -.981 1.458 Annual 10 53.00 32.00 85.00 .531 -.063 10 237.00 785.00 .626 .350 Valid N 10 Table 7. Statistics showing the variations (Vinson et al, 1990) The mean age is M40.3±5.26SEM for all the participated 10 marine engineering companies. Annual Turnover: 9 .
Graph 13. Annual Turnover of the different Marine groups From the above: The mean annual turnover is M 55.6±5.02SEM for the subject companies. Employee Turnover: 14. The Employee rate Reasons for the usage of fibre composite materials in the organisation: The mean employee turnover is found to be M474.2±50.65SEM for all the participant companies. Graph 15. Reasons for the use of FCM Analysing fibre composite materials based on usage in the organisation, product assembly contributes for 40%, exterior composite structure 27%, use in fittings 10%, fabrication 5% and maintenance 18% in all companies. Preference over the composite materials in the organisation Graph 16. Preference of FCM respectively
Correlations The mean and S.D of use of composite materials in both automotive and marine sectors are M3.88±.34 and M3.88±.51S.D VAR00003 VAR00004 VAR00003 Pearson Correlation 1 .7 Sig. (2-tailed) .02 Sum of Squares and Cross-products 1.1 1.11 Covariance .11 .12 N 10 10 VAR00004 Pearson Correlation .7 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .02 Sum of Squares and Cross-products 1.09 2.4 Covariance .12 .2 N 10 10 8. Significance of the correlation) *. Correlation is significant at the 0.02 level (2-tailed). Correlations Analysis VAR00003 VAR00004 Kendall's tau_b VAR00003 Correlation Coefficient 1 .5 Sig. (2-tailed) . .04 N 10 10 VAR00004 Correlation Coefficient .5 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .04 N 10 10 Spearman's rho VAR00003 Correlation Coefficient 1 .7
Bull, D.J. 2013. A comparison of multi-scale 3D X-ray tomographic inspection techniques for assessing carbon fiber composite impact damage, vol.75, pp. no.55-61. Bakis, CE., Bank, LC., Brown, VL. 2002 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Construction—State-of-the-Art Review, Vol. 6, pp.2-73 Campbell, M. D. and Coutts, R. S. P. 1980 “Wood fiber-reinforced cement composites”,Journal of Materials Science, Vol.15, pp. 1962-1970. Chandramohan, D. and J. Bharanichandar. 2013. Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites For Automobile Accessories, American Journal of Environmental Science Vol.9, Iss. 6, pp. 94-504. Christian, SJ., Billington, SL. 2011 Mechanical response of PHB- and cellulose acetate natural composites for construction applications, Composites: Part B,Vol.42, pp.1920–1928. Composites for infrastructure: a for civil engineers. Wheat Ridge, CO: Ray Pub. Inc., 1998. Coutts, R. S. P. and Kightly, P. 1982 Microstructure of autoclaved refined cement mortars,Journal of Materials Science, Vol.17, pp. 1801-1806. Coutts, R. S. P. 1984 Autoclaved beaten wood cement composites,Composites, Vol.15, pp.139-143. Coutts, R. S. P. and Kightly, P. 1984 Bonding in wood fiber-cement composites, Journal of Materials Science, Vol.19, pp. 3355-3359. Coutts, R. S. P. and Warden, P. G. 1985 Air cured wood pulp fiber cement composites,Journal of Material Science, Vol. 4, pp.117-119. Coutts, R. S. P. 1987a Fiber-matrix interface in air-cured wood-pulp composites,Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol.6, pp.140-142.
Mehta, P. K. and Monteiro, P. J. M. 1993 Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials, McGraw-Hill, New York. Mohr, B. J., Nanko, H., Kurtis, K. E. 2003a. Durability of pulp fiber-cement composites to wet/dry cycling, Submitted to Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.1, Iss.5, pp.35-46. Mohr, B. J., H., Kurtis, K. E. 2003b Durability of thermomechanical pulp fibercement composites to wet/dry cycling, Submitted to Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.2, Iss.6, pp.55-76. Mohr, B. J., Nanko, H., Kurtis, K. E. 2003c. Aligned Kraft Pulp Fiber Sheets for Reinforcing Mortar,Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.3, Iss.5, pp.45-56. Naik, T. R., Chun, Y-M., R. N. 2002. Enhancing strength and durability of concrete with pulp and paper mill residuals, Report No. CBU-2002-25, Center for By-Products Utilization, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. A., Crye, M. F., and Shah, S. P. 2000 High Content of Fly Ash (Class F) in Extruded Cementitious Composites,ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 97, Iss. 5, pp. 509-517. Pethrick, R. A., Boinard, E., Dalzel-Job, J., and MacFarlane, C. J. 2000 ‘Influence of resin chemistry on water uptake and environmental aging in glass fibre reinforced composites—Polyester and vinyl ester laminates.J. Mater. Sci., Vol.35, Iss.8, 1931–1937. Strongwell.1999EXTREN fiberglass structural shapes—Design manual, Bristol, from: www.strongwell.com. Savastano, H., Warden, P. G., and Coutts, RSP. 2001. Ground blast furnace slag as a matrix for cellulose-cement materials,Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 23, pp. 389-397.