Pest Present in Vietnam Present within Australia Potential to be on pathway Potential for establishment and spread Potential for economic consequences Pest risk assessment required ARTHROPODS Coleoptera Adoretus compressus 1801) [Scarabaeidae] Rose beetle Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Adults feed on leaves and larvae feed on roots (McQuate & Jameson 2011). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Adoretus sinicus Burmeister, 1855 [Scarabaeidae] Chinese rose beetle Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Adults feed on leaves and larvae feed on roots (McQuate & Jameson 2011). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Adoretus tenuimaculatus Waterhouse, 1875 [Scarabaeidae] Yes (PPD 2017) No records found No. Adults feed on leaves and larvae feed on roots (McQuate & Jameson 2011). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Anomala cupripes Hope, 1839 [Scarabaeidae] Large green chafer beetle Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Adults feed on leaves and larvae feed on roots (Wang & Liu 1991). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Aulacophora femoralis (Motschulsky, 1857) [Chrysomelidae] Cucurbit leaf beetle Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. This species is associated with leaves, not the fruit pathway (Tan, Wei & Lan 1998). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Aulacophora semifusca Jacoby, 1892 Synonym: Aulacophora almora Maulik [Chrysomelidae] Leaf beetle Yes (Kimoto 1989) No records found No. Adults feed on flowers and foliage, and larvae feed on roots (Tan, Wei & Lan 1998). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Phaedon brassicae Baly, 1874 [Chrysomelidae] Daikon leaf beetle Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Adults and larvae feed on leaves (Tan, Wei & Lan 1998). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius, 1803) [Chrysomelidae] Cabbage flea beetle Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Adults feed on leaves and larvae feed on roots (Tan, Wei & Lan 1998). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Platymycterus sieversi (Reitter, 1900) [Curculionidae] Yes (PPD 2017) No records No. Feeds on leaves and stems (PPD 2017; Waterhouse 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Xylotrupes gideon (Linnaeus, 1767) [Scarabaeidae] Elephant beetle Yes (CABI 2018) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, Tas. (Plant Health Australia 2018) Regulated as a Declared Organism (Prohibited (s. 12)) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). No. Xylotrupes gideon feed on the surface of fruit but are over 3 cm long and easily visible (QDAF 2012a). Note: X. gideon was assessed as on the pathway in the IRA for longan and lychees from China and Thailand (DAFF 2004). However, review of available biological information concluded that it would be unlikely for the species to persist on the export fruit pathway for longan. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Diptera
Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi, 1916) [Tephritidae] Guava fruit fly Yes (CABI 2018; PPD 2010a) No records Yes. Bactrocera correcta lays eggs into longan fruit (CABI 2018). Yes. Bactrocera correcta has a wide host range including mango, peach, mandarin and longan (CABI 2018). It has a wide distribution in Asia ranging from China, Japan, India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan to Thailand (Drew & Romig 2013). The wide host range and geographic distribution of this pest suggest that there are suitable environments for this pest to establish and spread in Australia. Yes. Bactrocera correcta is a pest of numerous tropical and subtropical crops and is capable of causing serious economic damage to fruit production (Liu, Yan & Ye 2013). Yes (EP) Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) Synonyms: Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White, 2005, B. papayae Drew & Hancock, 1994 and B. philippinensis Drew & Hancock, 1994 have recently been synonymised with B. dorsalis (Schutze et al. 2014). [Tephritidae] Oriental fruit fly Yes (Drew & Hancock 1994; PPD 2017) No. Eradicated from Australia (Hancock et al. 2000). Yes. Bactrocera dorsalis lays eggs into longan in Vietnam (PPD 2017). Yes. Bactrocera dorsalis attacks over 300 cultivated and wild fruits, and has a broad global distribution due to its ability to establish when introduced into new environments (Mau & Martin Kessing 2007). Yes. Feeding by B. dorsalis larvae directly damages and causes rotting due to bacteria and fungi (Mau & Martin Kessing 2007). Yes (EP)
Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett, 1899) Synonym: Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett, 1899) Bactrocera cucurbitae has been reclassified as Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Virgilio et al. 2015). [Tephritidae] fly Yes (CABI 2018) No. Records of Zeugodacus cucurbitae in Australia refer to Christmas Island and occasional outbreaks in the Torres Strait Islands (CSIRO 2004). The Torres Strait Islands are a group of more than 270 islands in a narrow channel (150 km wide) between Australia and Papua New Guinea. There are quarantine measures in place to prevent the spread of Z. cucurbitae to mainland Australia from the Torres Strait Islands (Australian Government Department of Agriculture 2014). Christmas Island is an external territory of Australia situated in the Indian Ocean lying more than 1,500 km northwest of the mainland. There are measures in place to restrict the movement of this species to mainland Australia. Yes. Zeugodacus cucurbitae is associated with the longan fruit export pathway (USDA-APHIS 2007). Yes. Zeugodacus cucurbitae attacks commercially grown cucurbit species including squash, cucumber and watermelon (White & Elson-Harris 1992). It is widely distributed throughout India, South East Asia and Central Africa (CABI 2018; Dhillon et al. 2005). The host range and current geographic distribution of this pest suggest that there are environments for it to establish and spread in Australia. Yes. Depending on the host and season, losses due to Z. cucurbitae can be up to 100% of a crop (Dhillon et al. 2005). Yes (EP)
Zeugodacus tau (Walker, 1849) Synonym: Bactrocera tau (Walker, 1849) Bactrocera tau has been reclassified as Zeugodacus tau (Virgilio et al. 2015). [Tephritidae] Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Though some sources identify longan as a host of Z. tau, these sources mistakenly reference a paper by Borah and Dutta (1996), which does not associate this species with longan. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Hemiptera Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, 1893 [Coccidae] Pink wax Yes (CABI 2018; Discover Life 2018) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, Vic., WA Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Ceroplastes rusci Linnaeus, 1758 [Coccidae] Fig wax Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) Yes. NT (Plant Health Australia 2018). WA (DAFWA 2015) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Cervaphis rappardi Hille Ris Lambers, 1956 [Aphididae] Yes (PPD 2017) (as Cevaphis rappadi) No records found No. Associated with flowers (Nam & Hung 2006). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana, 1914) [Coccidae] Grey citrus scale Yes (PPD 2017) Yes. NSW, SA, Vic., WA Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Coccus viridis (Green, 1889) [Coccidae] Soft green scale Yes (CABI 2018) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2018; Waterhouse & Sands 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Cornegenapsylla sinica Yang & Li, 1982 [Psyllidae] Longan psyllid Yes (PestNet 2018) No records found No. Associated with leaves and shoots (Shaoxiong 1999). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius, 1775) [Cicadidae] cicada Yes (Sanborn 2014) No records found No. Adults feed on branches and nymphs feed on 2008). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Drepanococcus chiton (Green, 1909) [Coccidae] Wax scale Yes (García Morales et al. 2018; PaDIL 2018) No records found Yes. Drepanococcus chiton is associated with the longan fruit export pathway (Evans & Dooley 2013). Yes. Drepanococcus chiton is polyphagous, feeding on a range of plant species including cocoa, fig, lime, eggplant, guava and ornamental flower species (García Morales et al. 2018). The host range and current geographic distribution of this pest suggest that there are suitable environments for it to establish and spread in Australia. Yes. This species is considered a serious economic pest that attacks several tropical fruit species of economic importance in Caribbean basin countries (Peña 2013). Yes (EP)
Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley, 1959 [Pseudococcidae] Grey pineapple mealybug Yes (PPD 2017) No records found Yes. This species feeds on the fruit, leaves, roots and stems of longan plants (PPD 2017). Yes. Dysmicoccus neobrevipes on a wide range of host plants including citrus and mango, and has been reported as an important economic pest of pineapple and banana throughout its pantropical distribution (CABI 2018). The host range and current geographic distribution of this pest suggest that there are suitable environments for it to establish and spread in Australia. Yes. Mealybugs directly damage their plant hosts, reducing productivity. Dysmicoccus neobrevipes is an important pest of pineapple and is a vector of pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus (Khoo, Ooi & Ho 1991; Sarpong, & Acheampong 2017EN31534; Williams 2004). Yes (EP)
Exallomochlus hispidus (Morrison, 1921) [Pseudococcidae] Cocoa mealybug Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) No records found Yes. This species attacks the stems and fruits of host plants (García Morales et al. 2018). Yes. Exallomochlus hispidus has a wide host range including figs, rambutan, longan, durian, mangosteen, cocoa, sugar apple, mangrove fan palm and various Rubiaceae plants. Internationally it is distributed in most of Asia and in Italy in environments ranging from temperate to tropical (García Morales et al. 2018). Yes. Exallomochlus hispidus is a pest of plants from 25 families, including several commercially grown species (Williams 2004). Severe infestations may induce leaf drop but economic losses mostly result from indirect effects of moderate infestations. Deposits of powdery wax and black sooty mould that grows on honeydew droplets on fruits and leaves reduce fruit quality and photosynthesis. In presence of ants the cocoa mealybug tends to be a serious pest (Kuswadi et al. 2016). Yes (EP) Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell, 1893) [Pseudococcidae] Striped mealybug Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2018; Poole 2010) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Geisha distinctissima (Walker, 1858) [Flatidae] Green broad winged flatid Yes (Bourgoin 2018) No records found No. Associated with stems (USDA 1999). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Greenidea ficicola Takahashi, 1921 [Aphididae] Yes (PPD 2017) Yes. NSW, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Huechys sanguinea (DeGreer, 1773) [Cicadidae] and scarlet cicada Yes (Sanborn 2014) No records found No. Associated with (USDA 1999). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry, 1889) [Cicadellidae] Mango leafhopper Yes (CABI 2018) Yes. Qld (Plant Health Australia 2018) Regulated as a Declared Organism (Prohibited (s. 12)) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). No. Feeds on flowers and new leaves (Fletcher & Dangerfield 2002). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Kerria lacca (Kerr, 1782) [Kerriidae] Lac insect Yes (Mishra & Kumar 2017) No records found No. Feeds on sap from twigs (Mishra & Kumar 2017). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lawana imitata (Melichar, 1902) [Flatidae] Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Feeds on leaves and shoots (Liu et al. 1996). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) [Diaspididae] scale Yes (PPD 2017) (as Lepidosaphes uloni) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Leptocorisa acuta (Thunberg, 1783) [Coreidae] Rice seed bug Yes (CABI 2018) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, Tas. (Plant Health Australia 2018) Permitted (s. 11) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) [Pseudococcidae] Pink hibiscus mealybug Yes (García Morales et al. 2018; Williams 2004) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, WA Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead, 1894) [Pseudococcidae] Spherical mealybug Yes (CABI 2018; García Morales et al. 2018) Yes. NT, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Paracoccus interceptus Lit, 1997 [Pseudococcidae] Intercepted mealybug Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) No records found Yes. Paracoccus interceptus is associated with the longan export pathway (Evans & Dooley 2013). Yes. This species is recorded from more than 24 host plant species across 18 families including mangosteens, mango, custard apple, fig, guava, citrus fruits, lychee and rambutan (Williams 2004). It is likely to establish and spread in Australia if introduced. Yes. Like other mealybug species P. interceptus has the potential to become an important pest when introduced into new regions. Williams (2004) states that P. interceptus must be regarded as a possible invasive species as it is frequently intercepted by quarantine inspections in the United States. Mealybugs feed on sap, stressing their host plants and reducing the yield of commercial crops. The production of honeydew by mealybugs also promotes the growth of sooty moulds, which reduces the marketability of fruit (CABI 2018). Yes (EP) Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) [Coccidae] Black coffee scale Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic., WA Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) [Pseudococcidae] Citrus mealybug Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Planococcus lilacinus Ferris, 1950 [Pseudococcidae] Coffee mealybug Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) Yes. Torres Strait, official control (QDAF 2018a) Yes. Planococcus lilacinus is associated with the longan fruit export pathway (Evans & Dooley 2013). Yes. Planococcus lilacinus has a wide host range and is distributed throughout many tropical areas (Entwistle 1972). Reproduction is usually parthenogenetic (Khoo, Ooi & Ho 1991). Yes. Planococcus lilacinus is common in southern Asia and has been reported attacking many economically important crops (Williams 2004). It is considered a major threat to agriculture (Miller, Miller & Watson 2002). Yes (EP) Planococcus litchi Cox 1989 (Pseudococcidae) Litchi mealybug Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) No records found Yes. Planococcus litchi is associated with longan and has been intercepted on fruit shipments of lychees (García Morales et al. 2018). Yes. Planococcus litchi feeds on longans, lychees, loquat and pineapples. It has been reported from multiple temperate and tropical regions in Asia (García Morales et al. 2018). The host range and geographic distribution of this pest suggest that it is capable of establishing and spreading in Australia. Yes. Planococcus litchi is a pest of several commercial (García Morales et al. 2018). Yes (EP)
Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, 1918 [Pseudococcidae] Citriculus mealybug Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) Yes. Qld (QDAF 2018b) Regulated as a Declared Organism (Prohibited (s. 12)) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). Yes. This species feeds on the leaves, twigs, fruit and trunk of host plants (Yiğit & Telli 2013) and is associated with the export fruit pathway for longan 2011). Yes. This species on host plants in 41 plant families including avocado, banana, citrus, guava, lychee, mango and grape as well as several widely grown ornamental shrubs and trees (García Morales et al. 2018). Widespread in South East Asia, east Africa, Central and South America and the Pacific (Williams 2004). Yes. This species rapidly became a serious pest of citrus when accidentally introduced into Israel (Williams 2004). Yes (EP, WA) Pulvinaria polygonata Cockerell, 1905 [Coccidae] Cottony citrus scale Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) Yes. Qld (Plant Health Australia 2018) Regulated as a Declared Organism (Prohibited (s. 12)) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). No. Associated with leaves and stems (Scale Insects 2014). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Pyrops candelaria Linnaeus, 1758 Synonym: Laternaria candelaria (Linnaeus, 1758) [Fulgoridae] Lantern bug Yes (Encyclopedia of Life 2018) No records found No. This species feeds on sap from the branches and trunk of the tree (Encyclopedia of Life 2018). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818) Synonym: Laternaria lathburii (Kirby, 1818) [Fulgoridae] Yes (Constant & Pham 2017) No records No. Associated with stems (USDA 1999). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842) [Fulgoridae] Lantern bug Yes (Constant & Pham 2017) No records found No. Associated with (USDA 1999). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Rastrococcus truncatispinus Williams, 1985 [Pseudococcidae] Rastrococcus mealybug Yes (PPD 2017) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA Health Australia 2018) Regulated as a Declared Organism (Prohibited (s. 12)) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). No. Feeds on leaves (Gullan 2000). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1852) [Coccidae] Hemispherical scale Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) Yes. ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Saissetia (Olivier, 1791) [Coccidae] Black scale Yes (García Morales et al. 2018) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury, 1770) [Tessaratomidae] Litchi stink bug Yes (CABI 2018; Pham 2016) No records found No. Adults and nymphs of this species feed on the terminals, flowers, twigs and fruit and usually cause premature drop of fruit (Peña, Sharp & Wysoki 2002). Adults and nymphs are highly visible and abandon the host if disturbed (DAFF 2013). Therefore, this species will not be associated with harvested fruit. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Toxoptera aurantii de Fonscolombe, 1841) [Aphididae] Black citrus aphid Yes (CABI 2018; FAO 2004) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lepidoptera Acanthoecia larminati (Heylaerts, 1904) [Psychidae] Yes (Sobczyk 2011) No records found No. Not associated with fruit (USDA 1999). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Achaea janata (Linnaeus, 1758) [Noctuidae] Castor semilooper Yes (CABI 2018) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée, 1854) [Pyralidae] Yellow peach moth Yes (CABI 2018; PPD 2017) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen, 1904 [Gracillariidae] pod borer Yes (PPD 2017) No. Successfully eradicated in 2014 (DAFF 2014) No. Though there are some records of C. cramerella feeding on longan (Robinson et al. 2018) it is morphologically similar to the C. sinensis and is easily misidentified as this species (Nguyen 2002). Surveys confirm that C. sinensis is found on longan, not C. cramerella (PPD 2018; Waite & Hwang 2002). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Conopomorpha litchiella Bradley, 1986 [Gracillariidae] Litchi leaf miner Yes (PPD 2017) No records found No. This species on leaves (Waite & Hwang 2002; Wen & Liou 2008). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Dudusa synopla Swinhoe, 1907 [Notodontidae] Leaf-eating caterpillar Yes (Schintlmeister 2008) No records found No. This species feeds on leaves (Hoskins 2014; Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993; Waterhouse 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Eudocima fullonia (Clerck, 1764) Synonym: Othreis fullonia Clerck, 1764 [Noctuidae] Fruit-piercing moth Yes (CABI 2018; PPD 2017) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Eudocima salaminia Cramer, 1777 [Noctuidae] Fruit-piercing moth Yes (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993; PPD 2017) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld (Plant Health Australia 2018) Regulated as a Declared Organism (Prohibited (s. 12)) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). No. Adults of this species feed externally on fruit at night but egg laying and larval feeding occur on leaves on unrelated hosts (QDAF 2012b). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Euproctis fraterna Moore, 1883 [Lymantriidae] Coffee caterpillar Yes (CABI 2018; Robinson et al. 2018) No records found No. This species feeds on leaves (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993; Waterhouse 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Gatesclarkeana idia Diakonoff, 1973 [Tortricidae] Yes (Encyclopedia of Life 2018) No records found No. This species feeds on flowers (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Homona coffearia (Nietner, 1861) [Tortricidae] Coffee tortrix Yes (CABI 2018; PPD 2010b) No. Homona coffearia does not occur in Australia and Australian records under this name should be referred to as Homona spargotis (Whittle et al. 1987). No. This species feeds on leaves (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993; Waterhouse 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Hypolycaena erylus (Godart, 1823) [Lymantriidae] Common tit Yes (Spitzer & Jaroš 2008) No records found No. This species on leaves and flowers (Hawkeswood, Dunn & Sommung 2016). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Hyposidra talaca Walker, 1860 [Geometridae] Black looper Yes (Robinson et al. 2018) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, WA (Herbison-Evans & Crossley 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Indarbela dea (Swinhoe, 1890) [Cossidae] Bark borer Yes (CABI 2018; PPD 2010b) No records found No. Larvae of this species feed on the bark of and branches (CABI 2018; PPD 2010b). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Neostauropus alternus (Walker, 1855) Synonym: Stauropus alternus Walker, 1855 [Notodontidae] Lobster caterpillar Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Larvae of this species feed on leaves (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Ophiusa coronata (Fabricius, 1875) [Noctuidae] Fruit piercing moth Yes (CABI 2018; PPD 2017) Yes. NT, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Ophiusa tirhaca Cramer, 1780 [Noctuidae] Fruit piercing moth Yes (PPD 2017) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, WA (Discover Life 2018; Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Orgyia postica (Walker, 1855) Synonym: Notolophus australis posticus (Walker, 1855) [Lymantriidae] Cocoa tussock moth Yes (CABI 2018; PPD 2017) No records found. No. Larvae of this species feed on leaves (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993). While this species has been recorded attacking fruit on mango trees, this feeding causes visible damage to the fruit and causes it to drop from the tree prematurely (Gupta & Singh 1986). Therefore this species will not be associated with harvested fruit. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Orgyia turbata Butler, 1879 [Lymantriidae] Tussock moth Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Larvae of this species feed on leaves (Tan, Wei & Lan 1998). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Parasa lepida Cramer, 1779 [Limacodidae] Nettle caterpillar Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Larvae of this species feed on leaves (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Pseudonirmides cyanopasta (Hampson, 1910) [Limacodidae] Leaf-eating caterpillar Yes (Solovyev & Witt 2009) No record No. Larvae of this species feed on leaves (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Rapala pheretima subsp. petosiris Hewitson, 1863 [Lycaenidae] Copper flash butterfly Yes (Inayoshi 2011) No records found No. Larvae of this species feed on flowers (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Somena scintillans (Walker, 1856) Synonym: Euproctis scintillans (Walker, 1856) [Lymantriidae] Hairy tussock caterpillar Yes (CABI 2018; Waterhouse 1993) No records found No Larvae of this species feed on leaves (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993; Waterhouse 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Statherotis discana Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 [Tortricidae] Litchi leaf roller Yes (CABI 2018) No records found No. Larvae of this species feed on leaves (Kuroko & Lewvanich 1993). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Zeuzera coffeae Nietner, 1861 [Cossidae] Coffee carpenter Yes (PPD 2017) No records No. This species on leaves and stems (Tan, Wei & Lan 1998). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Thysanoptera
Scirtothrips dorsalis 1909 [Thripidae] Chilli thrips Yes (PPD 2017) Yes. Widespread in Northern Australia (Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2017). However, assessed as a vector of emerging quarantine orthotospoviruses (Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2017). Yes. This species is known to be associated with longan (PPD 2017; Talekar 1991) and has been intercepted on commercial consignments of other types of fresh fruit imported into Australia despite its feeding and breeding preference for young leaves. Not applicable to vector. However, the emerging quarantine orthotospoviruses vectored by this thrips have potential for establishment and spread (Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2017). Not applicable to vector. However, the emerging quarantine orthotospoviruses vectored by this thrips have potential for consequences (Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2017). Thrips group PRA applied (Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2017). Thrips tabaci Lindemann 1889 [Thripidae] Onion thrips Yes. (PPD 2017) Yes. Widespread (Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2017). However, assessed as a vector of emerging quarantine orthotospoviruses (Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2017). Yes. This species is to be associated with longan (PPD 2017) and has been intercepted on commercial consignments of other types of fresh fruit imported into Australia despite its feeding and breeding preference for young leaves. Not applicable to vector. However, the emerging quarantine orthotospoviruses vectored by this thrips have potential for establishment and spread (Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2017). Not applicable to vector. However, the emerging quarantine orthotospoviruses vectored by this thrips have potential for consequences (Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2017). Thrips group PRA applied (Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2017). Trombidiformes
Aceria litchii (Keifer, 1943) Synonym: Eriophyes litchii Keifer, 1943 [Eriophyidae] Litchi gall mite Yes (PPD 2017) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld (Plant Health Australia 2018; Waite 1999) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Eriophyes dimocarpi Kuang, 1997 [Eriophyidae] Longan gall mite Yes (Mo et al. 2017) No records No. Eriophyes dimocarpi feeds on leaves and is not associated with the longan fruit export pathway (USDA-APHIS 2007). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Oligonychus biharensis 1924) Synonym: Paratetranychus biharensis Hirst, 1924 [Tetranychidae] Cassava red mite Yes (Vacante 2016) Yes. Qld (Halliday 2000). Regulated as a Declared Organism (Prohibited (s. 12)) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). No. This mite on leaves and rarely leaves the shelter of webs spun on the leaves of its host (Vacante 2016). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner, 1861) [Tetranychidae] Tea red spider mite Yes (Vacante 2016) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld (Plant Health Australia 2018) Permitted (s. 11) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Shevtchenkella longitubercula sp. nov. Mo, Tan & Wang, 2017 [Eriophyidae] Yes (Mo et al. 2017). No records No. This species is only associated with the underside of longan leaves (Mo et al. 2017). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 [Tetranychidae] Two-spotted spider mite Yes (PPD 2017) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No ALGAE Cephaleuros virescens ex EM Fries 1832 [Trentepohliales: Trentepohliaceae] leaf spot, green scurf Yes (PPD 2010b) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, Vic. Health Australia 2018) Permitted (s. 11) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No BACTERIA
Albonectria rigidiuscula (Berk. & Broome) Rossman & Samuels Synonyms: Calonectria rigidiuscula (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Michelia Fusarium decemcellulare C. Brick [Hypocreales: Nectriaceae] Green point gall Yes (Burgess & Burgess 2009) Yes. NSW, Qld (Plant Health Australia 2018) Regulated as an Unlisted Organism (s. 14) by WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2018). No. This species infects the twigs and branches of weakened hosts through wounds or galls formed by other pests (Booth & Waterston 1964; Singh & Singh 1978). Not associated with the longan fruit export pathway. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. Synonym: Glomerella cingulata [Glomerellales: Glomerellaceae] Anthracnose Yes (Nguyen et al. 2010) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Geotrichum candidum Link. [Saccharomycotina: Ascomycota] Yes (Hong-Thao et al. 2016) Yes. NSW, Qld, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lasiodiplodia theobromae Griffon & Maubl. [Ascomycota: Botryosphaeriales] Diplodia pod rot of Yes (Nguyen et al. 2006) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA (CABI EPPO 2010; Plant Health Australia 2018) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No DISEASES OF UNKNOWN AETIOLOGY
Longan Witches’ Disease (LWBD) Yes (PPD 2017) No records found Yes. The disease affects fruit, branches and panicles, and is potentially vectored by the mite species Eriophyes dimocarpi and the litchi stink bug (Tessaratoma papillosa) (Chen, Chen & Xu 2001; Hoat et al. 2017). Longan seeds and budwood have also been shown to potentially carry the disease (Chen, Chen & Xu 2001). Yes. There are several arthropod species present in Australia with potential to be vectors for LWBD (DAFF 2004; Plant Health Australia 2018). Yes. crop losses have been attributed to this disease (Hoa et al. 2014). The causal agent of the disease is not known and therefore its host range is also unknown (Hoa et al. 2014). The longan industry in Australia is valued at around $10 million. Yes (EP)