Protozoa Anaplasma marginale, Babesia spp. – B. B. bigemina, Theileria spp. – T. parva, T. annulata, Tritrichomonas foetus, Trypanosoma spp. – T. evansi, T. congolense, T. brucei, T. vivax. Prions Bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions.
Table 3 Hazard identification and refinement – bovine in-vitro embryos from Canada and US Disease (Disease Susceptible species OIE listed Disease status – Notifiable Country Status(1) – Present Risk status in bovine produced embryos Retained for review Yes / No(2) Australia United States Canada Australia United States Canada Evidence of transmission via bovine germplasm OIE Code (Article) VIRAL DISEASES Infection due Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and viruses of Simbu serogroup (Schmallenberg Cattle Also sheep, goats No No No No Schmallenberg disease not reported. Akabane, Aino viruses reported Not reported Not reported Evidence of SBV antigen in bovine semen No SBV in OIE Technical Factsheet Yes Bluetongue (Bluetongue virus) Cattle, bison, buffalo. Also sheep, goats Yes Clinical disease only Notifiable in many States Yes to zones Present Present– limited to zones Evidence of virus in bovine semen and BTV-8 in derived embryos Yes 8.3.11 8.3.12 Yes Infection due to bovine herpesvirus 4 (Bovine herpesvirus 4) Cattle. Also buffalo, bison, sheep, goats No No No No Not reported Present Present Evidence of virus in bovine semen and in-vivo derived embryos No In OIE Code for bovine IV in-vivo derived embryo Yes Infection due to bovine virus (Bovine virus) Cattle No No No No Present Present Present Evidence in leucocyte fraction in No In OIE Code for bovine derived embryo No
Foot and mouth disease (Foot and disease virus) Cloven hoofed animals Yes Yes Yes Yes Free without vaccination Free without vaccination Free without vaccination Evidence of virus in bovine semen Yes 8.8.18 8.8.19 Yes Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/ Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (Bovine herpesvirus-1) Cattle Yes No No No 1.2b present 1.2a & 1.1 absent Present Present Evidence of virus in bovine semen and embryos not washed in trypsin Yes 11.10.8 Yes Lumpy skin disease (Lumpy skin disease virus) Cattle Also buffalo Yes Yes Yes Yes Free Free Free Evidence of virus in bovine semen Yes 11.11.9 11.11.10 Yes Infection due to parainfluenza-3 virus (Parainfluenza -3 virus) Cattle No No No No Present Present Present Not known. Virus is widespread and has no known economic significance No In OIE Code for bovine derived embryos No Rabies (Rabies virus) Cattle Other warm blooded mammals Yes Yes Yes Yes Free Present Present No evidence in bovine germplasm No No Rift Valley (Rift Valley fever virus) Cattle, buffalo Also sheep, goats, camelids Yes Yes Yes Yes Free Free Free No evidence of transmission. Yes 8.14.10 Yes Rinderpest (Rinderpest virus) Cattle Also buffalo Yes Yes Yes Yes Free Free Free No clear evidence of transmission NA No
Now globally eradicated Vesicular stomatitis (Vesicular stomatitis virus) Cattle, horses, pigs and humans No Yes Yes Yes Free Present Reported in 1949 No evidence of transmission. No In OIE Code for bovine derived embryos Yes BACTERIAL DISEASES Anthrax (Anthracis bacillus) Mammals Yes Yes. Yes Yes distribution to zones Present– known in wild animals No evidence in bovine germplasm No No Brucellosis due to Brucella abortus B. melitensis B. suis Cattle, humans, goats, camels, dogs Cattle, humans, sheep, goats, camels, dogs Cattle, humans, pigs, dogs Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Free Free Present Present– limited to zones Free Present Present in wildlife– limited to zones. Last in 1989 Free Present – not porcine Present in semen but evidence of transmission not clear No evidence in bovine germplasm No evidence in bovine germplasm Yes 8.4.18 Yes
Paratuberculosis (Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis) Cattle, cattle strain may infect other ruminants Yes Yes No No Present. Industry control and management programmes in place Present Present Present in germplasm but evidence of transmission not clear No In OIE Code for bovine derived embryos Yes Q fever (Coxiella burnettii) Cattle, Multiple other species inc humans Yes No No No Present Present Present Present in semen but evidence of transmission not clear No In OIE Code for bovine derived embryos No Heartwater (Ehrlichia ruminantium) Cattle Multiple other species Yes Yes Yes Yes Free Free Free No evidence of transmission No No Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter subsp. venerealis) Cattle Yes No No No Present Present Present Evidence of transmission via bovine semen No In OIE Code for bovine Yes Bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) Cattle, buffalo. Multiple other species, humans Yes Yes Yes Yes Free to one or more zones Present. (Last In 2011) Present in semen but evidence of transmission not clear Yes 11.5.8 Yes Chlamydiosis Cattle No No No No Present Present Present Present in but evidence of No No
Chlamydia psittaci, C. abortus, C. pecorum transmission not clear In OIE Code for bovine derived embryos Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC) Cattle Yes Yes Yes Yes Free Free (Last in 1892) Free (Last in 1876) Present in but evidence of transmission not clear Yes 11.7.12 Yes Coliform infection due to E. coli Escherichia coli 09:K99 Cattle, sheep, pigs No No No No Present Present Present Strains of E. Coli are common contaminants of semen. No In OIE Code for bovine derived embryos No Histophilosis Histophilus somni Cattle, bison, sheep No No No No Present Present Present Present in genital tracts and and transmission via semen is suspected No No Haemorrhagic septicaemia (Pasteurella multocida – strains 6b and 6e) Cattle Also buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs Yes Yes Yes Yes Free Present (1969 last occurrence) Free Not known No No Leptospirosis (Leptospira All vertebrates except birds No No No No Present Present Present Present in germplasm. Evidence of No In OIE Code for Yes
transmission not clear bovine derived embryos PARASITIC DISEASES Bovine anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) Cattle Yes Yes - in tick free only No Yes to zones Present to zones Not known No In OIE Code for bovine derived embryos Yes Bovine babesiosis (Babesia B. bigemina) Cattle Also buffalo Yes Yes Yes Yes to zones Last reported 1943 Free No evidence in bovine germplasm No No Theileriosis (Theileria.parva, T. annulata) Cattle Yes Yes Yes Yes Free Free Free No evidence in bovine germplasm No No Trichomonosis (Trichomonis foetus) Cattle Yes No No No Present Present Present Evidence of transmission via bovine semen No In OIE Code for bovine semen Yes Trypanosomoses (Trypanosoma spp. – T. evansi, T. congolense, T. brucei, T. vivax) Cattle Also multiple other species Yes Yes Yes Yes Free Free Free Not known No No limited