Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity 180 *Moved to CH 9 A Deferred . . . 182 The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity 183 Race 183 Ethnicity 184 Minorities 184 Minority and Dominant Relations 185 Expulsion 185 Segregation 185 Assimilation and Cultural Pluralism 186 Theoretical Approaches to Race, Ethnicity, and Racism 187 The Functionalist Perspective 187 The Conflict Perspective 187 The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective 188 Prejudice and Discrimination 189 Technologies of Discrimination 191 Prison, Politics, and Power 191 DIGITAL SOCIETY: Hate Goes Digital 192 BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Black Women, “Colorism,” and Prison Sentencing 193 Consequences of Prejudice and Discrimination: Race and Health 194 Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States 195 American Indians 195 African Americans 196 Latinos/Latinas 197 INEQUALITY MATTERS: Who Has the to Name? 198 Mexican Americans 198 Cuban Americans 199 Asian Americans 199 Arab Americans 200 Ethnic Americans 200 Race and Ethnicity in a Global Perspective 201 Why Study Race and Ethnicity From a Sociological Perspective? 202 WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS 203 Applying the Theories: The Case of Nigerian Oil Wealth 195 INEQUALITY MATTERS: Caste to Class: The Rising Middle Class in India 196 Is There a Global Elite? 197 Why Study Global Inequality From a Sociological Perspective? 199 WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Conflict Dynamics and Resolution Skills 200 Summary 201 Key Terms 201 Discussion Questions 201 Chapter 9: Race and Ethnicity 202 *Formerly CH 8 A Dream Deferred . . . 204 The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity 205 Race 205 Ethnicity 205 Minorities 205 Minority and Dominant Group Relations 205 Expulsion 205 Segregation 207 Assimilation and Cultural Pluralism 208 Theoretical Approaches to Ethnicity, Racism, and Minority Status 209 The Functionalist Perspective 209 The Conflict Perspective 210 The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective 210 Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination 211 Technologies of Discrimination 213 Prison, Politics, and 213 TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Hate Goes Digital 214 BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Black Women, “Colorism,” and Prison Sentencing 215 Consequences of Prejudice and Discrimination: Race and Health 215 Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States 216 American Indians 217 African Americans 218 Latinos/Latinas 219 INEQUALITY MATTERS: Who Has the Power to Name? 220 Mexican Americans 220 Cuban Americans 221 Asian Americans 221 Arab Americans 222 White Ethnic Americans 223 Multiracial Americans 224 Race and Ethnicity in a Global Perspective 225 Genocide: The Mass Destruction of Societies 225
PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Emile Durkheim and the function of religion in Suicide 297 Synthesizing the Classical Theories 298 Contemporary Sociological Theory and the “Religious Economy” Perspective 298 Types of Religious Organizations 299 Church 300 Sect 300 Cult 300 DIGITAL SOCIETY: Eschatology on the Internet 301 The World Religions 302 Christianity 303 Islam 303 Judaism 304 Hinduism 305 Buddhism 306 Confucianism 306 Women and Religion 307 Religion in the United States 308 Trends in Religious Affiliation 308 INEQUALITY MATTERS: Women, Hunger, and Religious Empowerment 309 Religion and Disestablishment 311 “Civil Religion” in the United States 312 Religion and Global Societies 312 Why the Sociology of Religion? 313 WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT: CONSIDERING GRADUATE AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, PART II 314 Summary 315 Key Terms 315 Discussion Questions 316 Discover State Stats 316 Chapter 13: The Politics, and Power 318 *Moved to CH 14 Elections and the Youth Vote 320 The Modern State 321 The Welfare 322 Political Rights and Civil Liberties 323 Theories of State Power 323 The Functionalist Perspective and Pluralist Theory 323 The Conflict Perspective and Dominance Theory 325 Power and Authority 326 Traditional Authority 326 Rational-Legal Authority 326 Charismatic Authority 327 The Classical View: Religion, Society, and Secularization 325 Durkheim: The Functions of Religion 325 Marx: Religion and Inequality 327 PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Émile Durkheim and the Function of Religion in Suicide 326 Weber: Religious Values as Sources of Social Change 327 Synthesizing the Classical Theories 328 Contemporary Sociological Theory and the “Religious Economy” Perspective 328 Types of Religious Organizations 329 Church 329 Sect 330 Cult 330 TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Eschatology on the Internet 331 The Great World Religions 332 Christianity 332 Islam 333 Judaism 334 Hinduism 336 Buddhism 336 Confucianism 337 Women and Religion 337 Religion in the United States 339 INEQUALITY MATTERS: Women, Hunger, and Religious Empowerment 338 Trends in Religious Affiliation 341 Religion and Disestablishment 341 “Civil Religion” in the United States 341 Religion and Global Societies 342 Why Study the Sociology of Religion? 343 WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT: Considering Graduate and Professional Education, Part II 344 Summary 346 Key Terms 346 Discussion Questions 347 Chapter 14: The State, War, and Terror 348 *Was CH 13 and CH 16 The Births and Deaths of Countries 350 The Modern State 351 The Welfare State 353 Political Rights and Liberties 353 Theories of Power 354 The Functionalist Perspective and Pluralist Theory 354
The Functionalist Perspective on Social Change 447 The Conflict Perspective on Social Change 449 Rise-and-Fall Theories of Social Change 450 Sources of Social Change 451 Collective Behavior 451 DIGITAL SOCIETY: Mob! 452 Contagion Theories 453 Emergent Norm Theories 454 Value-Added Theory 454 INEQUALITY MATTERS: Occupywallstreet .org—Organizing OnLine 455 How Do Crowds Act? 456 456 Fads and Fashions 456 Panics and Crazes 457 Social Movements 458 Types of Social Movements 458 Reformist Social Movements 459 Revolutionary Movements 460 Rebellions 461 Reactionary Movements 461 BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Millions of Demonstrators . . . Or Not 462 Communitarian Movements 463 Why Do Social Movements Arise? 463 Approaches 463 Organizational-Level Approaches 463 Macro-Level Approaches 465 Cultural-Level Studies and “Frame Alignment” 465 Micromobilization Contexts for Building Social Movements 466 New Social Movements 467 Why Study Social Change? 467 WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT: SELECTED SOCIOLOGY CAREER RESOURCES 468 Summary 470 Key 470 Discussion Questions 471 Discover Stats 471 Chapter 18: Social Movements and Social Change A Low-Wage Revolution? 462 Sociological Perspectives on Social Change 463 The Functionalist Perspective 463 The Conflict Perspective 464 Rise-and-Fall Theories of Social Change 465 INEQUALITY MATTERS: Sports and Social Change 466 Sources of Social Change 468 Collective Behavior 468 Contagion Theories 468 Emergent Norm Theories 469 Value-Added Theory 470 How Do Crowds Act? 470 470 Fads and Fashions 471 Panics and Crazes 471 Social Movements 472 Types of Social Movements 473 Reformist Movements 473 TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: #SocialChange 474 Revolutionary Movements 476 Rebellions 476 BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Millions of Demonstrators . . . Or Not 477 Reactionary Movements 478 Utopian Movements 478 Why Do Social Movements Arise? 479 Micro-Level Approaches 479 Approaches 480 Approaches 481 Studies and “Frame Alignment” 482 Micromobilization Contexts for Building Social Movements 482 New Social Movements 482 Why Study Social Change? 483 WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT: Selected Sociology Career Resources 484 Summary 486 Key Terms 486 Discussion Questions 487 * What’s New-bold *What’s moved location *What’s removed BEST BET BUNDLES