zilongwang/ReadingBank huggingface dataset:
certification of whether the Secretary is complying with the requirements of I.R.C. § 6103(e)(8) to disclose information to an individual filing a joint return on collection activity involving the other individual filing the return. Extensions of Statute of Limitations – The TIGTA shall include in one of the semiannual reports (i.e., annually) information regarding extensions of the statute of limitations for assessment of tax under I.R.C. § 6501 and the provision of notice to taxpayers regarding requests for such extensions. Employee Misconduct and Employee Terminations and Mitigations – The TIGTA shall include in each semiannual report the following information: The number of taxpayer complaints during the reporting period. The number of “serious” employee misconduct and taxpayer abuse allegations received by the IRS or the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration during the period from taxpayers, IRS employees, and other sources. A summary of the status of such complaints and allegations. A summary of the disposition of such complaints and allegations, including the outcome of any Department of Justice action and any monies paid as a settlement of such complaints and allegations. Additionally, the TIGTA must include in the annual report any termination or mitigation under RRA 98 § 1203. Denial of Requests for Information on the Basis of the Freedom of Information Act or I.R.C. § 6103 - The TIGTA shall conduct periodic audits of a statistically valid sample of the total number of determinations made by the IRS to deny written requests to disclose information on the basis of the Denial of Requests for Information on the Basis of the Freedom of Information Act or I.R.C. § 6103. The TIGTA shall include in one of the semiannual reports (i.e., annually) information regarding the improper denial of requests for information from the IRS identified during these periodic audits. Fair Debt Collection Provision – The TIGTA shall include in one of the semiannual reports (i.e., annually) information regarding any administrative or civil actions with respect to violations of the fair debt collection provisions of I.R.C. § 6304, including a summary of: Such actions initiated since the date of the last report.
teller. Cash remittances should be converted to money orders or bank drafts if transmittal through the mail is required. Remittances received applying to IRS administrative accounts should be transmitted by memorandum to, and require an acknowledgment of receipt from, the Accounting Section in the appropriate IRS office. Transmittal of these remittances will be made in accordance with requirements included above and Internal Revenue Manual 5900. Because responses are voluntary and beneficial to the Government, correspondence should include the necessary postage for taxpayer responses. The cost of preparing and mailing the letters should be carefully considered before requesting approval. The cost of the confirmation program will be documented in the supporting statement/justification that accompanies the request for Deputy Inspector General for Audit (DIGA) approval. 80.7.1 Required Documentation Necessary to Obtain Approval of Confirmation Program Letters or Written Correspondence with Taxpayers. Directors should prepare the following documents to obtain approval for a confirmation letter/correspondence program: A draft of the proposed information collection instrument (confirmation letter, questionnaire, telephone questions, etc.), including the methodology and design of the program. A supporting statement/justification for using a confirmation letter or other written correspondence with taxpayers. A detailed estimate of the taxpayer burden. A detailed estimate of the cost to the Government. 80.7.2 Approval of Confirmation Letters/Written Correspondence with Taxpayers. All requests to conduct information gathering activities (written or oral) designed to elicit information from taxpayers must be submitted to the DIGA for review. DIGA approval is needed for the following types of information gathering or confirmation program items: Forms. Notices. Letters.
Exhibit (300)-90.4 Audit Product Distribution Procedures Audit Product Distribution Procedures Product Appropriate Business Unit Commissioner(s) Deputy Commissioner(s) Office of Audit Coordination Product E-mailed by AIGA’s Staff Engagement Letters Memo "To" Line Memo "To" Line Memo "CC" Line 1. Audit involves either 1 or 2 Operating Divisions or separate IRS Entities. X X (2) X (1) 2. Audit involves either 3 or 4 Operating Divisions or separate IRS Entities. X X (2) X (1) Product Appropriate Commissioner or Head of Office Deputy Commissioner(s) IRS Commissioner Office of Audit Coordination Product E-mailed by AIGA’s Staff Reports Transmittal "To" Line Transmittal "To" Line Report Appendix III Report Appendix III Report Appendix III 1. Audit involves either 1 or 2 Operating Divisions or separate IRS Entities. X X X X (3) (4) (5) 2. Audit involves either 3 or 4 Operating Divisions or separate IRS Entities. X X X (3) (4) (5) Exhibit (300)-90.4 Audit Product Distribution Procedures Audit Product Distribution Procedures Product IRS Commissioner Deputy Commissioner(s) IRS Commissioner Office of the of Staff Office of Audit Coordination Product E-mailed by OA Assistant Final Reports Transmittal "To" Line Transmittal "To" Line Report Appendix III Report Appendix III Report Appendix III Report Appendix III
Chapter 3 Methodology Chapter 3 describes the components of the methodology for the research study. Begin with a paragraph describing the organization of the chapter. In your proposal use FUTURE tense to describe your study. In your final thesis, use PAST tense. Research Questions Provide your research question(s) here. Add any information that would be helpful in explaining your questions. Variables. The variable section of the methodology chapter provides a succinct explanation of the variable that were introduced in Chapter 1 and examined in detail in Chapter 2. The description of a variable needs to match the corresponding definition in the definition of terms. Describing the variables helps the reader judge whether or not the variables are relevant to the measures. Describing the variables also provides an advance organizer for understanding the constructs included in the measures. Explain and describe each variable in the same order as presented in the research question(s). Include key references for each variable. Conceptual/Operational Definitions. Discuss definitions related to your methodology here.
Conclusion: (effects on the audit opinions and/or footnote disclosures, significant deficiencies/material weaknesses, and management letter comments): *While effective 2/1/16, the Auditor of State will not require implementation or audit testing of HB 2 requirements until the 2016/2017 school year. However, community schools must implement HB 2 requirements as specified by their sponsors and the Ohio Department of Education. If a community school implements certain HB2 requirements in the 2015/2016 school year, auditors should audit according to the new requirements. Only test the compliance attributes listed in 3-3 below if one of the officials listed below were selected as part of your sample for payroll testing. 3-3 Compliance Requirements: Various Ohio Rev. Code sections – Appointments, compensation, contracts etc: Summary of Requirement: All of these various sections set out authority for appointing and/or compensating officials and employees of the various entities. For additional information and salary schedules for elected officials, see the Elected Officials’ Compensation Exhibit 4 in the OCS Implementation Guide. Schools: §3311.19 and 3313.12 - School board compensation and mileage (amended by HB 2) §3314.02(E)(54) - Compensation of School Board §3313.24 - Compensation of School Treasurer §3319.01 - Appointment and duties of superintendent (including compensation) §3319.02 - Appointment of other (school) administrators, evaluation; renewal; vacation leave §3319.08 - Teacher employment and reemployment contract §3319.10 - Employment and status of substitute teachers §3319.081 - Contracts for non-teaching employees §3319.0810 - Contracts for transportation staff Schools (continued): §2921.43(A)(1) and Ohio Ethics Commission Op. No. 2008-01 – Compensation of school employees by outside organizations Courts: §141.04 and 141.05 - Compensation of judges (court of common pleas, including probate court judges) §2151.13 - Employees; compensation (courts).
Pregnant 70 4 74 Not Pregnant 5 14 19 Total 75 18 93 Since we are given the woman is not pregnant, we are limited to the 19 women in the not pregnant row, of which 5 had a positive test. This gives: Positive Test Negative Test Total Pregnant 70 4 74 Not Pregnant 5 14 19 Total 75 18 93 This result is referred to as a false positive: A positive test result when the woman is not actually pregnant. In this section we have learned empirical probability. In the next section we will discuss another kind of probability that you may be familiar with – theoretical probability. Exercises 4.1 A professor gave a test to students in a morning class and the same test to the afternoon class. The grades are summarized below. Use the table for questions 1-2. If one student was chosen at random, find each probability: P(in the morning class) P(earned a C) P(earned an A and was in the afternoon class) P(earned an A given the student was in the morning class) A B C Total Morning Class 8 18 13 39 Afternoon Class 10 4 12 26 Total 18 22 25 65 What is the probability that a student who earned a B was in the afternoon What’s the probability that a student in the afternoon class earned a B? Explain the difference between these two quantities. The contingency table below shows the number of credit cards owned by a group of individuals below the age of 35 and above the age of 35.
Make a probability model for this game. Compute the expected value for this game. Should you play this game? A company estimates that 0.7% of their products will fail after the original warranty period but within 2 years of the purchase, with a replacement cost of $350. If they offer a 2-year extended warranty for $48, what is the company's expected value of each warranty sold? An insurance company estimates the probability of an earthquake in the next year to be 0.0013. The average damage done by an earthquake it estimates to be $60,000. If the company offers earthquake insurance for $100, what is expected value of the policy You purchase a raffle ticket to help out a charity. The raffle ticket costs $5. The charity is selling 2000 tickets. One of them will be drawn and the person holding the ticket will be given a prize worth $4000. Compute the expected value for this raffle. At the fair there is a game in which folks are betting where a chicken will poop on a 5 by 5-foot grid. (There are 25, 1 by 1 squares to choose from) You can buy a 1 by 1-foot square for $10 and if the chicken poops on your square you win $100. Find the expected value for this game. Create a problem using the concept of expected value. Possible topics include insurance policies, financial decisions, gambling and lotteries. Determine the expected value of the situation you created.
Reviewing allegations and conducting investigations involving TIGTA employees, except for the IG and certain other officials; Reviewing allegations and conducting investigations on other matters deemed sensitive, as directed by the DIGI; and, Reviewing allegations and conducting investigations involving International (U.S. Competent Authority) employees located in Washington, DC, and in U.S. embassies abroad. In certain instances, field divisions may conduct investigations into the above-mentioned matters with IAD oversight. The DIGI may assign to IAD any investigation within the jurisdiction of TIGTA at his/her discretion. 10.4.1.3 Technical and Firearms Support Division. The Technical and Firearms Support Division (TFSD) is led by a SAC, who reports to the DAIGI-Headquarters Operations. TFSD has two components: Investigative Support; and, Enforcement and Technical Operations. 10.4.1.3.1 TFSD-Investigative Support. TFSD-Investigative Support is responsible for administering the following programs: Audio/Video Enhancement Program Radio Communications Program Integrated Wireless Network (IWN) Technical Surveillance Countermeasures TECS Vehicle Program Firearms, Agent Safety and Tactics (FAST) Program See Sections and . 10.4.1.3.2 TFSD-Enforcement and Technical Operations. TFSD-Enforcement and Technical Operations provides technical investigative services to OI field divisions through Divisional Technical Agents (DTAs) assigned to each field division. See Sections and . 10.4.1.4 Forensic and Digital Science Laboratory. The Forensic and Digital Science Laboratory (FDSL) is led by a Director who reports to the DAIGI-Headquarters Operations. FDSL performs the following functions:
2) Send one copy with exhibits to Complaint Management Team (CMT), Records Management and Control Section. The office of origin is (TIGTA employee involved or GSA vehicle operated by a TIGTA employee) Send the original report with original exhibits and two copies without exhibits to the OCC; If damage to owned/leased property, send one copy of report with exhibits to the TIGTA BOS Coordinator for inclusion in the review file; and Send one copy with exhibits to CMT, Records Management and Control Section. The tort claim was investigated for another bureau Send the original and two copies of the ROI to CMT, Records Management and Control Section; or distribute as requested by the other bureau in accordance with Section 400-70, Disclosure Authority.
2N2O(g) 2N2 (g) + O2(g) ∆H3 = -163.2kJ (answer:+157.6kJ/mol) Calculate ∆H rxn for the reaction 3H2(g) + O3 (g) 3H2O(g) from the following information. 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g) ∆H1 = -483.6kJ 3O2 (g) 2O3 (g) ∆H2 = +285.4kJ (answer: -868.1kJ/mol) Use the standard reaction enthalpies given below to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction: 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g) ΔH°rxn = ? Given: N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) ΔH°rxn = +183 kJ 1/2 N2(g) + O2(g) NO2(g) ΔH°rxn = +33 kJ (Answer: -117 kJ) Use the standard reaction enthalpies given below to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction: 4 SO3(g) 4 S(s) + 6 O2(g) ΔH°rxn = ? Given: SO2(g) S(s) + O2(g) ΔH°rxn = +296.8 kJ 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) 2 SO3(g) ΔH°rxn = -197.8 kJ Answer: 1583 kJ
The difference between the Celsius scale and the Kelvin scale is; the temperature that is assigned a value of zero. 0℃ - Freezing/Melting point of water. 0K – Coldest possible temperature. Lord Kelvin’s major contribution to the concept of temperature was; that there is a lowest possible temperature called ‘absolute zero.’ It is impossible to reach. A thermogram is made by; film and electronic devices convert the infrared radiation into colors that can be interpreted as differences in temperature. If you were told that an object had a temperature of -14℃, you would not pick it up with your bare hands normally because it would feel too cold… but you could for a short period of time. One person might touch an object and say that it is cool while another person might say that it is warm because it will depend on if they were warm or cool before they touched it. Eg: if they were warm, it will feel cool. If a classmate told you that the coldest temperature ever recorded in NL was -21℃, you would tell them that are wrong because they would have experienced this temperature and colder ones many times.
Identify the most extreme table Most extreme table Mosaic plot Much more extreme than data Much more extreme than data Mosaic plot Only slightly more extreme than data Only slightly more extreme than data Mosaic plot Determining the Expected Number for each Cell In the previous tables, we have considered outcomes that would be more extreme than the observed data. Here, we consider what the expected or anticipated cell counts would for adults and children if indeed there was no effect due to age on whether or not a pit bull was the cause of death. Finding the Expected Cell Counts (under the assumption of no effect due to age) Age Pit Bull Cause No Yes Adult 20 and over ? 40 Child 20 and under 48 Total 36 52 88
The second argument is the number of total adults, i.e. 40. The third argument is the number of successes, i.e. 52 deaths. The fourth argument is the total number of people in the study, i.e. 88. The last argument is FALSE. The produces the probability for each of the possible outcomes. To obtaint the p-value for the Dog Bite case study, simply sum the individal probabilities for 28 (i.e. the observed outcome in our study) and above. Recall, the one-tailed p-value obtained from the Tinkerplots simulation was 0.045. The exact p-value (obtained from the hypergeometric distribution) is 0.046. These values are very similar as would be expected. In practice, statisticians use the hypergeometic distribution directly and skip the approach as was done in Tinkerplots. The simulation-based approach is mimicking the hypergeometric distribution, and using the hypergeometic distribution provides an exact p-value for our test. Example 4.3.2: Consider again the MN Department of Correction investigation into how well sexual treatment programs work in preventing recidivism. Sexual Treatment Program Number Not Rearrested Number Rearrested Total Yes 443 577 1020 No 427 593 1020 Research Question: Do sexual treatment programs have any impact on the likelihood of recidivism (i.e a rearrest)? based
Questions Most of the above pie charts contain a large portion of red. What does this mean? The African-born pie is strikingly different. How might the HIV / AIDS crisis in several African countries contribute to this difference in trends? What be the likely outcome of a Chi-Square Test of Independence for testing the relationship between mode of exposure and race? Explain your answer. I obtained the counts on the percentages presented above for White, African-American, Hispanic, African-born, and Asian and put them into the following table. A mosaic plot that shows the trends across race. Comparing Mode of Exposure Across Race Questions Is it easier or more difficult to make comparisons across race using a mosaic plot or individual pie charts? Explain. Does this plot suggest that a relationship exists between the mode of exposure and race? If so, briefly discuss this relationship. The for the Chi-Square Test of Independence is very small -- much smaller than 0.05. What is the practical interpretation of this p-value?
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002) v. Vitale (1962) School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp (1963) Near v. Minnesota (1931) Schenk v. United States (1919) Roth v. United States (1957) Miller v. California (1973) New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) Texas v. Johnson (1989) Zurcher v. Stanford Daily (1976) Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo (1974) Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission (1969) NAACP v. Alabama (1958) Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Gregg v. Georgia (1976) McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) Roe v. Wade (1973) Planned Parenthood v. (1992)
6. "The temperature of an object is a measure of its kinetic energy." The statement is false and should read: "The temperature of an object is a measure of the average kinetic energy." 7. At the beginning of this section, you saw pictures of buildings made up of Lego blocks. These were used as models of the particle theory of matter. Another way to model this could be: Marshmallows and toothpicks. 8. Rubbing your together makes them feel warmer because the particles in your hands start to vibrate more producing more kinetic energy causing the temperature to rise. 9. One golf ball has been in the sun and another one has been in the shade. The particles of the golf ball in the sun will have a larger kinetic energy because the temperature goes up with more kinetic energy.
5 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter Outline 5.1 A 5.2 IN Energy Disperses Energy’s One-Way Flow 5.3 Chemical Bond Energy Why Earth Does Not Go Up in Flames Energy In, Energy Out 5.4 The Need for Speed The Transition State Forcing Substrates Together Orienting Substrates in Positions that Favor Reaction Inducing a Fit Between Enzyme and Substrate Excluding Water Enzyme Activity 5.5 Controls Over Metabolism Electron Transfers 5.6 COFACTORS IN METABOLIC PATHWAYS ATP—A Special Coenzyme 5.7 A CLOSER LOOK AT CELL MEMBRANES The Fluid Mosaic Model Proteins Add Function 5.8 DIFFUSION AND MEMBRANES Molecular Size Temperature Concentration Charge Pressure Semipermeable Membranes Turgor 5.9 MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS Transport Protein Specificity Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport 5.10 MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING Endocytosis and Exocytosis Recycling Membrane A TOAST TO ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (REVISITED) SUMMARY SELF-QUIZ DATA ANALYSIS ACTIVITIES CRITICAL THINKING Learning Objectives 5.1 Outline the negative effects of ethanol on the liver. 5.2 Examine the laws of thermodynamics. 5.3 Examine the importance of energy to all living organisms. 5.4 Examine the significance of chemical bond energy and entropy.
variable charges. Cross subsidy levels: Category Approved as per RST Revenue @ approved ACS Rs.5.04 per unit Cross subsidy level Actuals as per Final Accounts Revenue @ ACS Rs.5.23 per unit as per final accounts Revenue @ ACS Rs.5.36per unit as per proposed Truing up Cross subsidy level as per final account Cross subsidy level as proposed for truing up Diff Revenue Rs. Revenue Rs. crores in % crores Rs. In crores Rs. In crores in % in % LT-1 55.2 27.8 27.8 100% 51.1 31.1 26.7 27.4 116% 113% 16% 4996 2227.9 2518 88% 4724.2 2154.1 2470.8 2532.2 87% 85% -1% 562 205.5 283.2 73% 558.3 215.1 292 299.2 74% 72% 1% 36.7 25.4 18.5 137% 31.4 21.5 16.4 16.8 131% 128% -6% 4.4 2.9 2.2 128% 5 3.3 2.6 2.7 126% 123% -1% MU
5 Providing Additional DTC's/Enhancement of DTC's 50.49 48.83 44.8 46.91 42.98 6 Planned works (RE / SCP / TSP/Drinking Water Supply/Gangakalyana and service connection) 52.27 47.21 45.48 44.31 40.33 7 Local Planning 37.2 36.01 34.91 38.27 34.25 8 RMU Works 3.89 4.232 3.827 4.136 3.931 9 Safety Measures/ Hazardous (shifting DTC at school premises) (14.148) 12.2 12.74 11.76 12.43 11.35 10 OH to UG Conversion 2.19 2.10 1.98 1.98 1.84 11 Infrastructure to Unauthorized IP sets 19.95 5.19 3.27 3.86 3.29 12 Providing & replacement of RMUs 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.56 0.52 13 Replacement of Electromechanical Meters by Static Meters / MNR Meters/Providing modems to DTCs, HT & Boundary meters in RAPDRP area, meters, replacement of HTMC of HT installation 34.65 23.77 8.75 6 6 14 DTC Metering programme 2.25 2 1.75 1.5 1.5 IPDS 357 100 100 100 100 16 DDUGJY 330 100 100 100 100 17 HVDS 100 100 100 100 100 18 NJY Phase-3 250 250 - - - 19 DSM 64.51 64.97 77.3 72.9 58.69 1529 967.3 713.2 742.9 697.6
Provide administrative reports to TIGTA of disbursements activity, when requested; and Coordinate with the TIGTA Program Coordinator the space and logistics for the distribution of the transit subsidies, and communication with participants about the nationwide scheduled distribution dates, times and locations nationwide. 40.7.4.3 Participating Employees’ Responsibilities. Complete PTSP training in Register for a user account in the . Certify eligibility for transit benefits; Ensure the benefit requested and received is the proper amount needed and complies with TIGTA and DOT regulations. Ensure proper use of the benefit; and Withdraw from program upon separation from TIGTA. Employees that participate in our Telework program; are on working schedules such as Maxi-Flex, Alternate Working Schedules, or any intermittent work schedule; or while an employee is on a rotational assignment of duty they are not entitled to subsidy benefits for those days in which they do not commute to their POD. 40.7.4.4 Managers. The participant's manager is responsible for registering for a user account in the to gain access to approve and sign the employee's initial application and any subsequent re-certifications submitted through the system. By approving, managers are acknowledging their awareness that the employee uses public transportation to commute to and from work. The manager will verify the following: Home address of the applicant; POD address of the applicant; Ensure that amount being claimed by the applicant, does not include days for which the employee does not have to commute to the POD, e.g., Alternate Work Schedules, Maxi-Flex, and teleworking schedules; and Managers should also notify OMS/FMSS Program Coordinator when the applicant will be on leave or TDY for 10 or more work days during a given month, or when an employee is separating from the agency (e.g. retirement, transfer to another agency). 40.7.5 Eligibility. To be eligible to receive a TIGTA PTSP transit subsidy benefit, employees must use public transportation to commute from their residence to their permanent POD or work location, and return to their residence. Eligible employees will receive their actual commuting expenses in amounts approximately equal to employee commuting costs, not to exceed the maximum level allowed by law (26 U.S.C. 132(f)(2)). temporary
Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell What are the 3 main tenets of cell theory? What are the major lines of evidence that all presently living cells have a common origin? What is surface area to volume ratio, and why is it an important consideration for cells? What (usually) happens to surface area to volume ratio as cells grow larger? Compare and contrast: LM and EM SEM and TEM Include the terms resolution and magnification in your discussions. Describe cell fractionation. Why is it done, and how is it done? Include the terms lyse, centrifugation, pellet, and supernatant in your discussion. How do prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells differ from each other in typical size and general organization? Describe cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleoplasm, and the general role of membranes in cells. List as many organelles as you can think of. Describe their structures and key functions. Draw and label a typical animal cell and a typical plant cell, including organelles. Describe the nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, chromatin, chromosomes, and nucleoli in terms of structures and key functions. Name something that you KNOW must get out of the nucleus for cells to function.
plasma membrane is usually enclosed in a cell wall that is often covered with a capsule (layer of proteins and/or sugars) do not completely lack organelles; the plasma membrane and ribosomes are both present and are considered organelles AKA bacteria, prokaryotic cells are typically 1-10 m in diameter Compartments in eukaryotic cells (cell regions, organelles) two general regions inside the cell: cytoplasm and nucleoplasm cytoplasm – everything outside the nucleus and within the plasma membrane; contains fluid cytosol and organelles nucleoplasm – everything within the nuclear membrane membranes separate cell regions have nonpolar regions that help form a barrier between aqueous regions allow for some selection in what can cross a membrane (more details later) nucleus – the “control center” of the cell typically large (~5 m) and singular nuclear envelope double membrane surrounding the nucleus nuclear pores – protein complexes that cross both membranes and regulate passage chromatin – DNA-protein complex have granular appearance; easily stained for microscopy (“chrom-” = color) “unpacked” DNA kept ready for message transcription and DNA replication proteins protect DNA and help maintain structure and function chromosomes – condensed or “packed” DNA ready for cell division (“-some” = body) nucleoli – regions of ribosome subunit assembly appears different due to high RNA and protein concentration (no membrane) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcribed from DNA there proteins (imported from cytoplasm) join with rRNA at a nucleolus to from ribosome subunits ribosome subunits are exported to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores ribosomes – the sites of protein synthesis ribosomes are granular bodies with three RNA strands and about 75 associated proteins two main subunits, large and small perform the enzymatic activity for forming peptide bonds, serve as the sites of translation prokaryotic ribosome subunits are both smaller than the corresponding subunits in eukaryotes in eukaryotes
theory less and less so. This is the way science progresses; not by abrupt changes in world view but by a gradual process, much like a group of observers agreeing on the nature of a distant object that is gradually coming into view. At first, several possibilities are tenable, but as the object approaches, one becomes more and more likely while others are gradually ruled out. Crucially, experimentalists must consider all of the models whilst this process is ongoing, letting the data speak for itself. Indeed, long after a particular view has become dominant, it is standard practice to consider new data in the context of all the main theories, not just the current favourite. For the experimentalist, the case is never truly closed, an approach that is in contrast with Thomas Kuhn’s view of how paradigm shifts occur in science12 (see chapter 1). It should be noted that Kuhn was an eminent historian and philosopher but he was not a noted physicist, and his views are more popular in the social sciences than amongst practising scientists. Debates such as the big bang versus the steady-state model also act as a spur for new discoveries. For example, Hoyle’s brilliant analysis of stellar nucleosynthesis was spurred by his dislike of the Gamow model, while Ryle’s pioneering work on the cataloguing of the radio sources was motivated by a desire to prove Hoyle wrong13! Of particular interest is the fact that, while his steady-state model was duly ruled out, Hoyle’s work on stellar nucleosynthesis has stood the test of time. Indeed, he also provided a vital step in fully explaining the synthesis of helium in a big bang universe14 . However, as the years went on, Hoyle could not accept that the big bang model was a much better fit to the data than his own, a rather unusual attitude for a theorist15. This situation was exacerbated when he resigned his academic position at Cambridge over an administrative row, and he became very isolated in later years16.
Version INTRODUCTION Definition Measurement Governing equations Previous Reviews Computer software and applications Structure of the remainder of the chapter MAGNETIC PETROLOGY CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC MAGNETIC ANOMALIES Chicxulub Dike Swarms Cenozoic-Recent faulting in forearc basins Heat flux beneath the Antarctic ice sheet Northern Canadian Kimberlite Province Structural control of the Urengoy gas field C C Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map compilation Satellite compilations of crustal magnetic fields Global magnetization models T Survey design and resolution Removal of non-crustal fields Representations Transformations Analytic continuation Reduction to the pole Pseudogravity Spatial derivatives Pie-crust filter Analytic signal deconvolution Forward and Inverse methods Forward models Inverse approaches Resolving interpretational ambiguity
Ernst R E, Buchan K L 2001 The use of mafic dike swarms in identifiying and locating mantle plumes. In: Ernst R E, Buchan K L (eds). Mantle Plumes: Their identification through time. Geol Soc Amer. Spec. Paper 352, Boulder CO, pp. 247-265. Erwin D E 994 The Permo-Triassic extinction. Nature 367 231-236. Finn C. 1990 Geophysical Constraints on Washington Convergent Margin Structure, Jour. Geophys. Res. 95, 19533-19546. Fox Maule C Purucker M Olsen N Mosegaard K 2005 Heat flux anomalies in Antarctica revealed by satellite magnetic data. Science 309, 464-467 B R Shive P N 1989 Comment on “Limiting Depth of Magnetization in Cratonic Lithosphere”. Geophy Res Lett 16 477-479 B R 1991a Magnetic Petrology: Factors that control the occurrence of magnetite in crustal rocks. In: Lindsley D H (ed). Oxide Minerals: Petrologic and Magnetic Significance, v. 25. Mineralogical Society of America, Blacksburg, VA., Chap 14, pp. 489-509 B R 1991b Stability of Oxide Minerals in Metamorphic Rocks. In: Lindsley D H (ed). Oxide Minerals: Petrologic and Magnetic Significance, v. 25. Mineralogical Society of America, Blacksburg, VA, Chap 13, pp 469-488 Frost B R 1991c Introduction to Oxygen Fugacity and its Petrologic Importance. In: Lindsley D H (ed). Oxide Minerals: Petrologic and Magnetic Significance, v. 25. Mineralogical Society of America, Blacksburg, VA., Chap 1., pp1-8 Geol. Sur. of Canada 1995 Magnetic anomalies and tectonic elements of Northeast Eurasia. GSC Open-file report 2574 Geol. Sur. of Japan 2002 Magnetic anomaly map of East Asia. Geol.Sur.Japan Digital Geoscience Map P-3, 2nd ed. Getech 1996 [http://www.getech.com/data]
19. _____ Begin your answer with part of the question. 20. _____ Avoid filler sentences. 21. _____ Look for qualifiers. 22. _____ Eliminate incorrect answers before deciding on correct answer. 23. _____ Be brief. Concentrate on key words and facts 24. _____ Create an informal table of contents or index for your class notes Directions: According to the text, list a strategy that can be used to improve test taking skills. (2pts.) Before the test: _____________________________________________________________________ During the test ______________________________________________________________________ After the test: ______________________________________________________________________
17. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes up more than half the total membrane system in many eukaryotic cells. Use this sketch to explain the lumen, transport vesicles, and the difference between smooth and rough ER. 18. List and describe three major functions of the smooth ER. 19. Why does alcohol abuse increase tolerance to other drugs such as barbiturates? 20. The rough ER is studded with ribosomes. As proteins are synthesized, they are threaded into the lumen of the rough ER. Some of these proteins have carbohydrates attached to them in the ER to form glycoproteins. What does the ER then do with these secretory proteins? 21. The transport vesicles formed from the rough ER fuse with the Golgi apparatus. Use this sketch to label the cis and trans faces. Describe what happens to a transport vesicle and its contents when it arrives at the Golgi.
Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use and the WAC wood density database. The carbon conversion factor estimates the carbon component of the vegetation biomass. This can be derived for specific forest types, or the IPCC standard value of 0.47 can be used. The equation for estimating tree carbon mass per ha is: Total Carbon (ton/ha) = Σ ([Tree Carbon]) / [Plot size in ha] Separate calculations of volume will need to be made when estimating tree volume in because the plot size will differ between the main and subplot. Following completion of processing of raw data and estimation of carbon stocks per vegetation class, an ANOVA test should be applied to determine whether there are significant differences in the carbon estimates per class. This should be followed by a Scheffé pairwise multiple comparisons test to determine which groups are significantly different. The results can be placed into the table formats below. Summary of statistical analysis of carbon stock results per vegetation class Land cover class Number of Stems per hectare Biomass Average Carbon Stock Stdev E (+/-10%) Precision (+/-90% CL) Plots Required to Estimate tonne/ha tonne/ha unit unit unit Forest YRF Scrub Open Land Stand and Stock Table Land cover class Number of Stems per hectare by DBH class Carbon (tonnes per ha) by DBH class Total 50.0+ Total 50.0+ tonnes/ha Forest YRF Scrub Open Land Finalising the classification
12. Kelsie and Celeste are playing a video game. Celeste has 45,349 more points than Kelsie. If their combined total is 82,161, write and solve an equation to find Kelsey’s points. 13. Abigail spent her birthday money on a video game that cost $24, a controller for $13, and a memory card for $16. The total tax was $3.27. Write and solve a subtraction equation to find how much money Abigail gave the cashier if she received $8.73 in change. Justify your answer. Justify: ______________________________________________________________________________ 14. Roberto and Mikayla are trying to find the solution to m – = - without calculating. Roberto thinks you need to add to both sides. Mikayla thinks you need to subtract from both sides. Which student is correct? Then solve for the variable. 15. It takes Imani 4 times as long as Carissa to travel to school each morning. If it takes Imani 28 minutes to travel to school, write and solve a multiplication equation to find how long it takes Carissa to get to school.
20. What value of x makes the proportion below correct? 21. Josh and Donald love playing their XBOX 360 and gaming. They like to play games with others and want to make sure they are the leaders in points for a gaming tournament. The table lists their scores for the first three games for the tournament. Student Test #1 Test #2 Test #3 Team Game 1 Game 2 Game 3 Josh x 136 240 Donald 113 205 150
Chapter 8 – Problems Problem 2 1. $46,875 ($625,000 × 7.5%) 2. Balance Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Income Employee FICA Bond Group Statement Income Tax Payable + Tax Payable + Deduction Payable + Ins. Payable + Salaries Payable + Retained Earnings July 17. 98,000 46,875 15,000 12,500 452,625* –625,000 July 17. Income Statement July 17. salaries exp. Warehouse salaries exp. –315,000 –185,000 Office salaries exp. –125,000 *$452,625 = $625,000 – $98,000 – $46,875 – $15,000 – $12,500
mutual gains from trade, this should not obscure the competitive dimensions of this relationship. Measuring Competitiveness For the moment, we will focus our attention on measuring competitiveness for nations and later turn to considerations for firms. Most of the major efforts to measure competitiveness include but do not limit themselves to productivity. One important effort in measuring competitiveness develops a differentiated measure based on the stage of a nation’s development. Nations are divided into three groups: developing nations that rely mainly on the existing factor endowments in their nations; a second group of nations capable of achieving growth through enhanced efficiencies; and a third group able to achieve growth through innovation. The first set of components of the measure focus on nations that depend primarily on the relative endowment of production factors such as low wage labor and natural resources. The competitiveness of these nations will depend on the ability to develop basic economic system sufficient to operate effectively in the global economy. The measures for such factor-driven economies are for the presence and quality of: Basic requirements for Factor-driven economies Institutions Property rights, intellectual property, corruption, waste in government spending, transparency of government policymaking, level of crime and violence, reliability of corporate information, Infrastructure Transportation, energy, telephony Macroeconomic environment Government budget balance, savings, inflation, interest rate spread, government debt, national credit rating Health and primary education Incidence of disease, infant mortality, life expectancy, primary education enrollment rate A second stage of development emphasizes those arrangements that enhance the efficiency of a nation. These include: Efficiency enhancers for efficiency-driven economies Higher education and training Goods market efficiency
Chapter 5 Opioid medicines At a glance In 2013–14, nearly 14 million prescriptions were dispensed through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) for opioids – medicines that relieve moderate to severe pain. These medicines are very effective in relieving acute pain and cancer pain, and in palliative care. However, studies have shown they are also being prescribed for chronic non-cancer pain. Current evidence does not support the long-term efficacy and safety of opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain. The number of prescriptions dispensed was more than 10 higher in the area with the highest rate compared to the area with the lowest rate. However, even when the areas with the lowest and highest rates were excluded considerable variation was still seen in prescribing (2.9 times more in the areas with the highest rates than in the areas with lowest rates). No apparent explanation is available for this, although differences in access to alternative pain management options may be a factor. Recommendations The Australian Government Department of Health reviews the of Medicare support available for effective multidisciplinary treatment options and opioid dependency services, in particular for opioid prescribing for chronic non-cancer pain.. State and territory health departments work with primary health networks to address the barriers in access to non-pharmacological treatments for people with chronic pain who are socioeconomically disadvantaged and those who live in rural and regional settings. State and territory health departments support Telehealth to enhance rural and remote consultations for assessment and management of chronic pain. Primary health networks and the Australian Government Department of Health progress implementation of information systems for monitoring of opioid dispensing. time
Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Haploid Diploid Karyotype Autosome Sex Chromosomes n 2n Cancer Cell Plate Somatic Cells Gametes Homologous Chromosomes Sister Chromatids Tetrad Crossing Over Meiosis 1 & 2 Spermatogenesis Oogenesis Polar Bodies
Détente and Treaties Nuclear Arms Treaties -SALT I -SALT II Student Rubric: Name_____________________________________ Exc 5 marks Pf 4 marks Sat 3 marks Lim 2 marks Poor 1 mark INS 0 marks Content (x8) Creativity Presentation **Note: Content mark is based on the eight sections of the outline provided in task 4 MARK: /50 Comments:
c. How to Authorize the Fund Release and Timeliness Requirement To authorize the fund release, create and send the escrow release letter to the escrow agent. To provide expectations for all parties involved in the construction and avoid potential delays, the escrow release letter must be created within 3- business days of the Assistant Valuation Officer (AVO) / Valuation Officer (VO) approving the Compliance Inspection Report (CIR). d. 20 Percent Holdback Of Project Cost Requirement A 20 percent holdback is required to assure the project will be fully completed and is in compliance with the approved plans and specifications. The holdback is required anytime a disbursement schedule is prepared for the project. The 20 percent requirement must account for the total project cost. Funds to be applied to the principal balance of a mortgage, or a direct reimbursement to the Veteran, cannot be included in the 20 percent holdback amount. Note: The 20 percent holdback may or may not contain any of the loan funds or Veteran funds, depending upon the parties’ preferences. Continued on next page 4. Authorization to Disburse When VA is Not the Escrow Agent, continued d. 20 Percent Holdback Of Project Cost Requirement, continued Important: If there is a delay due to weather or a material backorder, but all other aspects of the construction project are complete and have been verified by the SAH Agent’s Final Field Review, the 20 percent holdback should be released to the builder with the following adjustment: The amount to retain in escrow for a final payment must be two times the estimated cost of the incomplete items, or a minimum of $1,500.00, whichever is higher. e. Disbursing the 20 Percent Holdback To authorize the release of the 20 percent holdback, the SAH Agent Final Field Review must be performed. Refer to Chapter 10, SAH Agent Final Field Review, for completion instructions. The SAH Agent will provide a final escrow release letter to the escrow agent upon the AVO’s/VO’s approval of the Final Field Review documentation.
Excess Supply – quantity supplied is _________________________________________________________________ Surplus – ________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ < _____________ Surpluses prices ________________________ Application – The Effects of a Change in Supply Plot the schedule below, which represents market supply and demand and the effects of a change in supply. Price QD1 QS QS2 $50 0 13 20 40 2 11 17 30 4 9 15 20 6 6 13 10 10 3 10 5 15 0 3 Law of Supply and Demand Law of supply and demand – the price of any good _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Shortages/Surpluses are short-lived market conditions Supply and Demand Review
Minor-B Contract 14109960 Contract Subvention Reimbursement PTA Mass Transportation 14109980 Minor-B Contract Subvention Reimbursement SHA 15000000* Right of Way Capital Outlay 15009960 Right of Way Capital Outlay Subvention Reimbursement PTA Mass Transportation 15009980 Right of Way Capital Outlay Subvention Reimbursement SHA Right of Way Capital Outlay - Major 15109960 Right of Way Capital Outlay - Major - Subvention Reimbursement PTA Mass Transportation 15109970 Right of Way Capital Outlay - Major - Subvention Reimbursement PTA Transportation Plan 15109980 Right of Way Capital Outlay - Major - Subvention Reimbursement SHA Right of Way Capital Outlay - Minor 15209960 Right of Way Capital Outlay - Minor - Subvention Reimbursement PTA Mass Transportation 15209970 Right of Way Capital Outlay - Minor - Subvention Reimbursement PTA Transportation Plan 15209980 Right of Way Capital Outlay - Minor - Subvention Reimbursement SHA Right of Way Capital Outlay - Contingent Liabilities 15309960 Right of Way Capital Outlay - Contingent Liability - Subvention Reimbursement PTA Mass Transportation 15309970 Right of Way Capital Outlay - Contingent Liability - Subvention Reimbursement PTA Transportation Planning 15309980 Right of Way Capital Outlay - Contingent Liability - Subvention Reimbursement SHA Rail Bond Right of Way Acquisitions Rail Bond Capital Improvements Rail Bond Purchase of Rolling Stock Local Capital Outlay - Project Development 17109980 Local Capital Outlay - Project Development - Subv Reimb SHA Local Capital Outlay - Right of Way Operations Capital Outlay - Construction Engineering Local Capital Outlay - Right of Way Capital Federal Aid Secondary State Matching Funds Grade Separations Subventions 22099600 Subvention Reimbursement PTA Mass Transportation 22099700 Subvention Reimbursement PTA Transportation Planning 22099800 Subvention Reimbursement SHA Grade Crossing Protection Grade Crossing Maintenance County Highway Construction FAS Exchange Program
Address: _ City: State: Zip: _ B. Do the Owners of the Company have an Ownership interest in any Other Company? Yes No If Yes to Either A or B Identify Below: Company Name Relationship % Owned _ _ Participation Identification: Identify All Entities Participating with the Financing of the Project. A. Financial Institution(s) Name: Address: _ (City) (Zip) Contact Person: _ Title: Email address: Telephone: ( ) B. Other Local, State or Federal Financing Sources Agency Name: Address: (City) (State) (Zip) Contact Person: Title: Email address: Telephone: ( ) C. Source(s) of Equity/Investment Capital Name: Address: _ (City) (State) (Zip) Telephone: ( ) Title: Email address: Name: Address: _ (City) (State) (Zip) Telephone: ( ) Email address: Name: Address: (City) (State) (Zip) Contact Person: Title: Email address: Telephone: ( ) Agency Name:
Address: (City) (Zip) Contact Person: Title: Email address: Telephone: ( ) Name: Address: (City) (State) (Zip) Telephone: ( ) Title: Email address: Name: Address: (City) (Zip) Telephone: ( ) Title: Email address: