CONTENT TOPICS Pages SYLLABUS 3-4 BLUE of question paper and TERM WISE SPLIT UP 5-6 SECTION A : Reading Passages 7 -16 SECTION B – WRITING AND GRAMMAR Writing – Letter Writing 17-19 Writing – Article Writing 20-23 Writing – Story Writing 24-25 SECTION B – WRITING AND GRAMMAR GRAMMAR 26-46 SECTION C – LITERATURE AND LONG READING TEXT Literature – FICTION 47-65 Literature – POETRY 66-91 Literature – 92-107 SECTION C - LITERATURE AND LONG READING TEXT Long Reading Text (NOVEL) The of my Life 108-114 ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE (Code No. 101)
Modals are those auxiliary (helping) verbs which express the ‘mode’ or ‘manner’ of the actions indicated by the main verbs. They express modes such as ability, possibility, probability, permission, obligation, etc. The following are auxiliaries: - Shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare. Use of Modal Auxiliaries Shall and Will ‘Shall’ is used with the first person subject (I, we) and ‘will’, used with all person subject, to express simple future. ‘Shall’ with the first person subject, expresses: Intention e.g. I go home today, promise e.g. I try to do better. Threat e.g. I shall kill him. Determination e.g. I shall do or die. ‘Will’ with the second & third person subject, expresses: order e.g. You will do it just now. threat e.g. You will be punished promise e.g. You will have a holiday determination e.g. You will work for me. Intention e.g. Will he go with you? is used to express: Determination e.g. I have my way. habitual action e.g. he would sit all day with the book in his hand. willingness e.g. I would do my best to satisfy you. wish e.g. Would that I were healthy. ‘Should’ is used to express: Duty e.g. We should keep our word. advice e.g. you should take rest.’ after ‘lest ’e.g. Work hard lest you should fail. polite request e.g. Should I help you to solve this problem? ‘May’ is used to express: Possibility e.g. he may succeed in his work. Permission e.g. may I come in? Wish e.g. may you live long. Purpose e.g. he works hard so that he may pass. Can is used to express: e.g. He can swim He cannot speak English Permission e.g. You can go now. Can I use your bicycle?
Two and two four. When a plural noun expresses some specific quantity or amount considered as a whole, the verb is in singular. For example Twenty kilos of rice is not much for the month. When two or more singular subjects are connected by ‘with’, together with’ ‘and not’, ‘besides’ no less than’ the verb is in singular. For example He and not you is to blame. The verb agrees with the number of the nouns that follow the verb. For example: There are five girls in the office. Some nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning, take a singular verb. For example English is my favorite subject plural noun is the name of a country or province or the title of a book, is followed by a singular verb. For example: West Indies is a country. ‘Human values’ is written by M.K. Diwan. collective noun generally takes a singular verb when the subject stands for the collection as a whole and a plural verb when the subject stands for the individuals of which is composed. For example: The whole class is present. The teams are celebrating their victory. relative pronoun must agree with its antecedent gender, number an person. For example: It is I who is to Solved Example Fill in the blanks appropriately. Neither you nor your friends………………passed the examination and it is really shameful. None of the conspiracy…………….succeeded and this is really great. All of the food……………..been consumed. Ans.. (a) have (b)has (c)has Questions for Practice 1.Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate answer. friends as well as Rama…………..studying for last one Hour. of you…………………responsible for the tragedy. Your cousin and friend…………..come. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate answer. of the plans…………. succeeded. of these books…………really in bad position. Some of the water…………. Finished. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate answer. of the money……………spent. any food left? All of it………………been eaten. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate answer. and butter……………..her favorite breakfast.