zilongwang/ReadingBank huggingface dataset:
• releases heat / thermal energy accept heat from core 2 [8] M7. (a) of best fit drawn through or close to all of the points 1 (b) (i) 313 1 (ii) 1989 +/– 1 1 (c) concentration / amount of carbon dioxide has increased 1 recently the rate of increase is increasing 1 [5] M8. (a) (i) old animals / fossils / rocks match (when the continents are put together) or (continents) fit together ignore ‘they are the same shape’ 1 (ii) any two from: • continents / plates cannot move (thousands of kilometres) accept the continents / plates are attached to the Earth or continents / plates cannot drift / float • modern / new animals are different
oxygen used 2 (b) any from produces (calcium) carbonate which is insoluble produces (calcium) hydrogencarbonate is soluble photosynthesis releases oxygen 3 [5] M35. (a) (i) nitrogen (gas) or N2 if only the formula is it must be correct in every detail 1 (ii) argon (gas) or Ar 1 (iii) oxygen (gas) or O2 1 (b) vapour 1 evaporating 1 sea(s) 1 condenses 1 (c) volcanoes or volcanic activity or the sea(s) allow carbonates(s) (rocks) do not credit inside 1
Chapter One – Principles of Government Section Two: Forms of Government (p 12-16) Governments can be classified in three basic ways: who can __________, the __________ distribution of power, and the relationship between the _________ and __________ branches. (p 12-15) CLASSIFICATIONS OF GOVERNMENTS Participation Direct Democracy Definition: Pro: Con: Examples: Representative Democracy Definition: Pro: Con: Examples: Autocracy Definition: Pro: Con: Examples: Oligarchy Definition: Pro: Con: Examples: Geographic Base Unitary Definition: Pro: Con: Examples: Federal Definition: Pro: Con: Examples: Confederate Definition: Pro: Con: Examples: Legislative & Executive Presidential Definition: Pro: Con: Examples: Parliamentary Definition: Pro: Con: Examples: Which of the above do you think are best, and why? ________________________________________________ Would anarchy (lack of government) be better than any of these? ______________________________________ Mr. McCormack Big Idea Worksheet American Government Study Guide Central Dauphin High School Chapter One – Principles of Government
words must be in correct places 1 emulsion 1 [5] M9. (i) turns colourless accept colour disappears ignore fading 1 (ii) any two from: • unsaturated fat content / healthiness about the same / similar to maize accept about the same number of double carbon bonds as maize accept ‘a bit less’ for similar • less unsaturated / less healthy than soya accept fewer / less double bonds than soya ignore ‘more saturated’ • more unsaturated / more healthy than olive / palm accept more double bonds than olive / palm ignore ‘less saturated’ if no other mark awarded accept sunflower oil has (about) the same result as maize oil for 1 mark ignore comments saturated fats 2 [3] M10. (a) D 1 C 1 A 1 letters must be in the order shown
CEQA -1 GLARE IMPACTS Impact: -1: Onshore Construction and abandonment activities adversely affect daytime and nighttime views in the area. Class: II Finding(s): a) Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final . FACTS SUPPORTING THE FINDING(S) Project installation activities at the Sandspit Beach parking lot will be short-term and involve minimal above-ground features; however, construction activities may deter some from visiting the Sandspit Trail, and may also temporarily affect scenic resources or degrade the existing visual character of the surrounding areas. Aesthetic impacts may occur temporarily at the Sandspit Beach parking lot due to construction activities. These impacts may include the connection trench that will be dug to connect the cable onshore. After construction activities have concluded, the connection trench will be resurfaced. Obstruction of ocean views from Pecho Valley Road will occur during construction activities, but will only be temporary (approximately four weeks). Onshore construction activities will result in potentially significant impacts (Class II) due to light and glare during night-time activities. Mitigation Measures for -1: The following be completed by AT&T during construction. MM -1: Light and Glare. During construction, all elevated construction lighting shall be positioned downward and/or toward the west and south such that direct views of the light source are not visible from the residence on Costa Azul Drive, or to travelers along Pecho Valley Road within Montaña de Oro State Park. The lowest watt bulbs possible shall be used and periodic monitoring of the visual impacts of the lights shall be conducted. Monitoring shall be conducted by the environmental monitor and if necessary will result in recommendations to adjust the location, position, etc. of lighting in the Sandspit Beach parking lot throughout the construction period. The proposed Project has the potential to impact onshore visual resources during its construction phase by introducing new sources of light and glare. The measure above would minimize the Project’s adverse effects on light and glare. With implementation of the mitigation measure above, this impact is reduced to a less than significant level. NO. FINDING
QWC Question (6 marks) When answering a QWC question remember the following points: Use correct science vocabulary, organise avoid using “it”, and write in full sentences. You also need to try and keep you answer relevant to the question. A good way to do all this is to write out important key vocabulary and then use them to structure your answer. Underlining them will help you keep track and highlight to the examiner your good use of key terms, Question – This question is about choosing a fuel Donald is choosing a fuel for powering his new canal boat. Explain to Donald what factors he needs to consider when choosing a fuel and suggest what fuels wouldn’t be suitable. (6marks) Important words list Energy Availability Ease of storage Cost Toxicity Pollution Ease of use Coal Oil Wood
What the students told us were problems at school: Behavior Percentage of students who say it’s a problem Inappropriate Language 78% Cheating 72% Disrespect to Peers 72% 72% Bullying 71% Disrespect to Adults 70% Disruptions in the Classroom 70% Abusive Language 69% Dress Code Violations 65% Fighting 53% Inappropriate Gestures 51% Skipping Classes 47% Non-compliance 44%
Note: A signed release form is required for each student work samples are included. These release forms are available as PDF downloads from www.boardcertifiedteachers.org. Retain completed student release forms for your records; do not submit them with your evidence. Standards Responding to Entry Prompts (Section Titles Vary by Certificate) Supporting Documents / Forms Instructional Context Contextual Information Sheet Student Work Samples & Required Forms Other Documentation – Check Instructions Reflection
Facility/Permittee Name: Tier I Operating Permit No.: Facility Location: Issuance Date: Facility ID: Compliance Reporting Period: 1 Permit Condition 2 Compliance Determination Methods 3 Monitoring Frequency 4 Deviations and Excess Emission Events 5 Permit Condition Compliance Status Attachment C1, I2, or N/A3 C1 / I2
List the fish resources present at the site and targeted by the project. Species Life History Present (egg, juvenile, Current Population Trend (decline, stable, rising) Endangered Species Act Coverage (Y/N) Describe the limiting factors, and limiting life stages (by fish species) that the project expects to address. Project goals and objectives. When answering the questions below please refer to Chapter 4 of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife’s for more information on goals and objectives. What are the project The goal of the project should be to remedy observed problems, ideally by addressing the problems’ root causes. The sponsors goal statements should articulate desired biological outcomes (vision for desired future condition). The statement should include which species and life stages will benefit from those outcomes and the time of year (if pertinent) those benefits will be realized (e.g. will high flow refuge be available when juveniles are outmigrating or rearing in the project area?). Goal examples: (Assessment project). Assess the feasibility of acquiring high priority shoreline parcels to support juvenile Chinook rearing and ecological function. (Design project). Increase the quantity and quality of accessible off-channel rearing and over-wintering habitat for juvenile Coho Salmon in Salmon Creek. What are the project objectives? Objectives support and refine biological goals, breaking them down into smaller steps. Objectives are specific, quantifiable actions the project will complete to achieve the stated goal. Each objective should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound). Objective examples to support Example Goal (i): Identify ecological and land use criteria to use for prioritizing and selecting parcels within 6 months of funding.
Low levels of literacy severely limit a person’s ability to ‘access, understand and apply health-related information and messages. This results in poor household and personal health, hygiene and nutrition' (WLF 2015). By allocating sufficient and appropriate resources and support to adults with health issues (including mental health) through ACE is potentially an effective preventative measure. While some of ALA’s previous recommendations have been advanced, particularly in terms of seniors and digital literacy, there’s still more to do. Recommendations Learning Australia proposes that the Commonwealth should: Maximise positive outcomes from the ACE sector by formally acknowledging ACE as a significant contributor to education and training provision and in of attracting disengaged learners through a renewed Ministerial Declaration on ACE. Ensure the next Commonwealth Skills agreement with the States and Territories articulates a specific role for locally focussed, not for profit ACE organisations. In the 2017–18 Federal Budget, the Commonwealth should: Ensure adults with barriers to learning are given the opportunity to develop the literacy and numeracy skills they need to build their confidence and contribute to our diverse and changing society through innovative ACE programs. Investment: $5,000,000 over 2 years Fund a national professional development program to develop the skills of adult literacy tutors and volunteers working in ACE organisations. Investment: $1,500,000 over 2 years Support a national family literacy strategy that focusses on socially and economically marginalised Australian communities; particularly Aboriginal Torres and Strait Islander communities. Investment: $3,500,000 over 2 years Provide access and equity in adult education by ensuring there is a community learning centre in every Australian community of more than 500 people more than 80 km from a university or TAFE campus. Investment: $15,000,000 over 3 years Build on Adult Learning Australia national oversight role of ACE by funding ALA and Adult Learners’ Week on an annual and ongoing basis.
It is simply not acceptable that the interests of those who are enjoying a growing living standard and a high level of social protection come first in this Government’s budget process. Australians need to be assured that economic growth, if it exists, and public policy is delivering improved wellbeing particularly – and essentially – for those at risk of alienation, exclusion and deprivation. That is the test of the efficacy of the Budget upon which the Government’s moral authority rests. END REFERENCE LIST Anglicare Australia (2016) Jobs Availability Snapshot Anglicare Australia Anglicare Australia (2016) Rental affordability snapshots, 2010 – 2016 Anglicare Australia (2016) of the Family Report - Positions Vacant: When the Jobs Aren't There Anglicare Australia Anglicare Australia (2016) Response to the Fifth National Mental Health Plan Draft for Consultation Anglicare Australia Anglicare Australia (2016) Value propositions –Supplementary submission to Senate Inquiry into the Future of the Aged Care Sector workforce Anglicare Australia (2016) Response to the Productivity Commission’s preliminary findings for the Inquiry into Human Services Anglicare Australia (2016) Letter to Productivity Commission regarding Issues Paper on Competition and Informed User Choice Services Anglicare Australia (2016) Jobs for Families Child Care Package Bill 2016 and the Family Payments Structural Reform and Participation Measures Bill 2016 Beck, 2016; The Inequality of Happiness: The well-being gap is widening in most countries—but what does that mean? The Atlantic Boston (2016) Anticipatory Governance: how well is New Zealand safeguarding the future? Policy Quarterly – Volume 12, Issue 3 – August 2016 – Page 11 Canadian Index of Wellbeing (2016) How are Canadians really doing? The 2016 CIW national report University of Waterloo, ON Crewe (December 2016) The Strange Death of Municipal England, London Review of Books Dunn , Gilbert and Wilson (2010) If Money Doesn't Make You Happy Then You Probably Aren't Spending It Right , Harvard and Hutchinson (2014), Beyond supply and demand: addressing the complexities of workforce exclusion in Australia, Anglicare Australia (Jan 2017) Property investors lead home loan surge ABC Online
question is how do we live with dignity? How do we ensure that we have good quality of life the whole way through? This is the conversation we are going to be having with the Australian people over the next few months. The problem of ageing Australia was acknowledged by the current Treasurer, The Hon Scott Morrison MP, in last year’s Budget, when he announced that the age-based restrictions applying to those aged 65-74 would be removed. However, this announced measure met a premature end when the Treasurer (along with the Minister for Revenue and Financial Services, The Hon Kelly O’Dwyer MP) announced that the harmonisation of contribution rules for those aged 65 to 74 would not proceed. We are of the increasing problems that longevity risk is creating, notably with regards to Australians’ retirement savings. We further note research findings, such as AIST’s research with the Australian Centre for Financial Studies, where it was found that lower income Australians were more likely to retire sooner than professionals, placing additional strain upon low retirement savings and social security. As Australians live longer, the justifications for age-based restrictions on contributing into superannuation are disappearing, and we can no longer support the restrictions. The opportunity to top up one’s superannuation may not be present during the window of one’s working life, which for some Australians extends well past age 75 anyway. Other developed countries are (as is Australia) actively encouraging people to stay at work longer where they are able to do so – and the superannuation system needs to back up this policy. Age-based restrictions also add complexity and red tape to the system. In accepting contributions, a trustee must be mindful of whether a member is in a position to make a contribution, based upon their age. And although age-based restrictions on SG contributions ended in 2013, we note that there remain a plethora of regulations making it difficult or even impossible, for older working Australians to contribute to their retirement savings. The following is a list of some age-based restrictions presently in force with regards to contributions into superannuation: A work test (of gainful employment on at a part-time basis) must be satisfied from the age of 65, if a member is making a personal contribution; If a member is making a contribution on behalf of an eligible spouse, the eligible spouse must satisfy the work test from age 65 onwards;
supports recommendation 11:14 of the Opera Review to increase funding to the major opera companies by $24.136 million over four years through agreed proportional federal–state government contributions, in tandem with AMPAG’s recommendations 1 & 2 above. Recommendation 6 AMPAG supports recommendation 11:15 of the Opera Review that specifies recommendation 11:14 must be supported through new funding and not applied by reducing funding commitment to other arts programs. Recommendation 7 AMPAG recommends an increase in the Playing Australia Program of $8 million allocated evenly over four years from 2017–18 to 2020–21 to support additional strategic performing arts access and engagement in regional Australia. Recommendation 8 AMPAG recommends an increase in the number of performing arts companies operating with National Touring Status. Recommendation 9 Students enrolled in performing arts performance courses run by reputable training providers (commercial, government and not-for-profit) with demonstrated to the industry should have access to support through the VET student loan scheme. Recommendation 10 The Federal Government should continue to support and encourage private giving through matched funding as a complement to (not a replacement of) core government support in the arts through a matched funding program. This program funding for CPA should be extended to 2017–18 and the CPA operation should be reviewed to identify programming needs for the next four years. Recommendation 11 AMPAG recommends government stimulate development of original IP through a $20 million over 4 years seed fund for new innovative works of scale. Recommendations 12 Provide an additional $5 million over four years for international touring of Australian productions & artists. For further information contact: Bethwyn Serow Executive Director AMPAG 02 9253 5351 ampag@ampag.com.au
better expenditure of Indigenous affairs budget due to availability of evidence based strategies reduced costs to health and social services as the life trajectories of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people improve The benefits to the government evidence to develop and implement effective strategies to combat intergenerational trauma measures available to support implementation of effective programs and services improvement in school retention, employment opportunities and health outcomes through targeted strategic investment of program The benefits to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities improved wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait children and people improved services based on the evidenced needs of communities increased opportunities for economic and social participation creates a positive legacy for Stolen Generations that demonstrates they have been listened to by government which has learned from their experiences and will deliver the long promised commitment to never let this happen again to another Aboriginal child
Website: Digital hub: IPA Divisional Offices are located in the following cities: Melbourne Sydney Brisbane Adelaide Hobart Perth Canberra The IPA has offices in: London Lumpur Beijing Hong Kong For enquiries within Australia call 1800 625 625 or your nearest Divisional Office. International enquiries can be directed in the first instance to IPA Head Office.
Enabling people with disability to live free from abuse, neglect and harm requires more than just effective regulation. Providers of disability supports must have appropriate knowledge, practices and organisational cultures to prevent and respond to abuse. The NDIS will change the profile of risk which organisations must manage, but it will not eliminate risk. NDS’s Zero Tolerance initiative has been effective in creating learning resources, awareness and advice for providers; it should be funded to continue as the workforce expands to support 460,000 people with disability. What is Zero Tolerance? Zero Tolerance is a framework developed to assist disability service providers to understand, implement and improve practices which safeguard the rights of people they support. Led by NDS in partnership with the disability sector, is: a way for organisations to understand the actions they can take to prevent and respond to abuse, neglect and violence of people with disability a clear message that abuse, neglect and violence are not okay a way of thinking about abuse as a human rights issue not a disability issue an organisational and personal commitment to act on: - anything that a person with disability be or feel unsafe - anything that doesn’t support a person’s human rights a collection of resources to educate and staff at all levels to understand their responsibilities in preventing and responding to abuse a way of working collaboratively within and outside the disability sector to prevent and respond to abuse Expand work opportunities for people with disability Lifting the low and static workforce participation and employment rates of people with disability should be a priority. NDS welcomes the current review of Disability Employment Services (DES) and encourages the Government to continue to draw on the sector’s advice on how the DES program can be made more effective. Index the fees Lifting the performance of the DES program requires lifting the funding. The lack of indexation over many years has seen average funding per DES user decline markedly in real terms (from $4,445 in 2009–10 to $3,657 in 2013–14). DES providers cannot be expected to improve their outcome rates if resources continue to shrink. The Government should increase service and outcome fees. Fund the implementation of DES reform The steady reduction in DES funding and the high compliance burden have resulted in providers controlling their costs by cutting staff numbers and reducing investment in staff training. This has impaired the effectiveness of the program.
Turn the rabbit into dorsal recumbency and clip the hair on the neck from the start of the mandible to the thoracic inlet using the electric clippers with #40 blade. the knife handle and scalpel blade, make an incision just lateral to the trachea and about 1 1/2”-2” long. blunt dissection with a kelly forcep, separate the connective tissue between the sternohyoideus and sternocepalicus muscles. Once the carotid artery is exposed, use the mosquito forcep to gently separate the carotid artery from the nerve. Loop two silk ligature (2-0) lengths (3-4 inches) under the carotid artery. Tie the silk ligature that is most cranial so that it occludes blood flow. Place one throw on the ligature proximally to the heart, so that it is ready to tie down. Have an assistant pull up on both ligatures, so that you have good exposure of the carotid artery. Make a small cut in the artery about 0.5 cm from the cranial silk tie using vascular scissors. Place the tip of the vein introducer through the hole and into the artery. the catheter under the introducer and into the artery, past the ligature. Insert the catheter approximately 8 cm into the carotid and then tie the proximal ligature snuggly over the catheter. Tie the distal ligature over the catheter to anchor it in place. Pull the catheter so that it is taut (but not sliding out of the artery), and tape it to the face mask with masking tape or white tape. Inflate the pressure bag over the I.V. fluids to 150 mm Hg, and open the line fully so that it is flowing in. Start removing the blood from the catheter with a 60 cc syringe. Put collected into 50 ml centrifuge tubes. Label vials 1, 2, 3….. to identify the order of collection. *This technique allows for the collection of a much greater percentage of the blood volume of a rabbit compared to that using cardiac puncture.* GUINEA PIG Cardiac Puncture NB: This technique is only used when attempts at vena cava collection are unsuccessful. Day before blood sampling – fast the guinea pig overnight. Weigh the guinea pig and record the weight in the file.
Hungary 12.6 (>3.5t GVM) N/A ACEA Vehicles in Use 2009-2014. Published 2016 Spain 12.8 (>3.5t GVM) N/A ACEA Vehicles in Use 2009-2014. Published 2016 Finland 13.7 (>3.5t GVM) N/A ACEA Vehicles in Use 2009-2014. Published 2016 Turkey 13.7 (>3.5t GVM) N/A ACEA Vehicles in Use 2009-2014. Published 2016 Australia 13.8 (13.5t GVM) 14.7 (>4.5t GVM) 13.9 (>3.5t GVM) 14.8 (>4.5t GVM) Australian Bureau of Statistics USA N/A 14.8 (>6.35t GVM) 11.4 (2.72t to 6.35t GVM) IHS Automotive/As at 30th June 2015 Italy 14.6 (>3.5t GVM) N/A ACEA Vehicles in Use 2009-2014. Published 2016 Portugal 14.7 (>3.5t GVM) N/A ACEA Vehicles in Use 2009-2014. Published 2016 Estonia 17.1 (>3.5t GVM) N/A ACEA Vehicles in Use 2009-2014. Published 2016 Poland 20.7 (>3.5t GVM) N/A ACEA Vehicles in Use 2009-2014. Published 2016
Atiq, E.H., 2014. ‘Why Motives Matter: Reframing the Crowding Out Effect of Legal Incentives’ , The Yale Law Journal, Vol 123) Bentham, J. 1780. ‘Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation’, T Payne and Son, London Brown., A.J., 2009. ‘Improving Protections for Corporate Whistleblowers’ Submission to ‘Improving Protections for Corporate Whistleblowers: Options Paper’, Attorney-General’s Department , Canberra., October 2009., Griffith University Brown., A.J., 2014. Public Hearing, Submission 343, ‘The performance of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Australian Government, The Senate Economic References Committee Canberra Commonwealth of Australia., 2016 ‘Senate Standing Committees on Economics, Issues Paper - Corporate whistleblowing in Australia: ending corporate Australia’s cultures of silence’ Treasury, Canberra. Langford, R.T., and Ramsey I.M., 2015, ‘Directors Duty to Act in the Interests of the Company: Subjective or Objective?’ JBL, Issue 2, Thompson Reuters (Professional) UK Limited and Contributors Roberts. P., Olsen. J., and Brown. A.J., 2016.,‘Whistling while they work, towards best practice whistleblowing programs in public sector organisations’, ARC Linkage Project Griffith University Centre for Governance and Public Policy, available at <. Singer, A.W., 1992‘The Whistleblower: Patriot or Bounty Hunter’., 1992, cited in Brooks, L., J. ‘Business and Professional Ethics, for Directors, Executives and Accountants’, Thompson/South Western R.L., and Zimmerman. J. L., 1986. ‘Positive Accounting Theory’, Prentice-Hall
Mobility Agreement Staff Mobility For Teaching Planned period of the teaching activity: from [day/month/year] till [day/month/year] Duration (days) – excluding travel days: …………………. The teaching staff member Last name (s) First name (s) Seniority Nationality Sex [M/F] Academic year 20../20.. E-mail The Sending Institution/Enterprise Name Erasmus code (if applicable) Faculty/Department Address Country/ Country code Contact person name and position Contact person e-mail / phone Type of enterprise: NACE code (if applicable) Size of enterprise (if applicable) <250 employees >250 employees The Receiving Institution Name Faculty/Department Erasmus code (if applicable) Address Country/ Country code Contact person name and position Contact person e-mail / phone For guidelines, please look at the end notes on page 3. Section to be completed BEFORE THE MOBILITY
Canada Mutual fund trust. Listed, at least 150 unit holders. Real or immovable property situated in Canada (excluding depreciable property except buildings). (Foreign property investment exempt from SIFT). Subsidiary entities, including internal management company. 95% of total fair market value of assets must be Canadian real or moveable property or certain financial instruments. 75% of REIT’s equity value must be real property and certain other assets. 10% safe harbour for nonqualifying REIT property. 75% of REIT revenue must be attributable to or property capital gains. 90% of gross REIT revenues must be from rent or other gains from property and other passive income. No minimum distribution (but to avoid tax at REIT level all of its income must be distributed). REIT not on distributed income. Residents — at normal rates. Nonresident unit holders — 25% withholding tax (DTAs may reduce to 15%). Germany Company. Listed. At 15% shares must be publicly listed, and no shareholder can hold more than 10%. Real estate in Germany and abroad. Wholly owned service corporation. 75% of assets must relate to real estate assets. Wholly owned service corporation assets must not exceed 20% of total assets. 75% of earnings must relate to real estate assets. Wholly owned service corporation earnings must not exceed 20% of total earnings. Must distribute 90% of profits. company — exempt. GREIT subsidiaries — taxable. 26.4% withholding tax on dividends (final tax for resident individuals, corporate taxpayers claim a credit). (DTAs may reduce to 15% for nonresidents). Hong Kong Unit Trusts. Listed. No minimum investors. Real estate (not vacant land or property development). Special purpose vehicles may be used for hotels, recreation parks, or serviced apartments. 75% of assets must be income generating properties. Must distribute 90% of audited annual net income after tax. REIT — exempt, except subject to property tax on rentals. Investors — not subject to any Hong Kong tax.
Country Structure Activity restrictions Asset requirement Income requirement Distribution requirement Taxation Singapore Unit Trusts. Listed. 25% units must be held by a minimum of 500 public unit holders. Real estate (not vacant land or property development). Limited financial securities. 75% of assets must be income producing real estate. No more than 10% of revenue can be from sources other than rent and passive income from financial securities. Must distribute 90% of taxable income to be tax transparent. Undistributed income — trustee taxed at corporate tax rate (currently 17%). Distributed to corporate — at corporate tax rate (currently 17%). Distributed to individuals generally taxexempt. Withholding tax for nonresidents — 10% to nonindividuals, 17% to others.
Superannuation reform package amending provisions - limited recourse borrowing arrangements Outline of chapter The amendments in Schedule 1 the transfer balance cap and total superannuation balance rules that were enacted through the Treasury Laws Amendment (Fair and Sustainable Superannuation) Act 2016. The changes ensure that the transfer balance cap rules apply appropriately where there is a repayment of a limited recourse borrowing arrangement that transfers value from accumulation interests into retirement phase interests. The changes also ensure that where a fund has limited recourse borrowing arrangements in place, the total value of its assets is properly accounted for in working out individual members’ total superannuation balances. All legislative references in this Chapter are to the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) unless otherwise stated. Context of amendments The Treasury Laws Amendment (Fair and Sustainable Superannuation) Act 2016 (the Amending Act) legislated the Government’s superannuation reform package that was announced in the 2016-17 Budget. The amendments contained in Schedule 1 relate to the transfer balance cap measure and the definition of total superannuation balance that were included in that package. Transfer balance cap The transfer balance cap was enacted through Division 294 and limits the total value of capital that can be transferred into the tax exempt ‘retirement phase’ of superannuation in respect of an individual. It does this by requiring individuals to commute one or more of superannuation income streams where they have ‘excess transfer balance’. An individual has excess transfer balance when the transfer balance in their transfer balance account exceeds their transfer balance cap ($1.6 million for the 2017/18 financial year) (see section 294-30). Subdivision 136-A of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953
Must major shareholders and directors remuneration be disclosed? NO NO NO YES Who are the primary regulatory bodies? State legislatures State legislatures State legislatures Community Interest Companies Regulator Is it a for-profit entity? YES YES YES YES Can it take on debt and equity investment? YES YES YES YES Can it own shares in another company? YES YES YES YES What kinds of charitable tax concessions can it obtain? NONE NONE NONE NONE References for the above table: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
The Summer Foundation partnered with JBWere to model the costs of the Summer Foundation’s Hunter Housing Project and the pricing and assumptions outlined in the NDIA SDA Decision Paper. This modelling shows that the NDIS SDA payment stream is sufficient to finance the replication and scale of the Summer Foundation’s integrated model of housing and support. BUSINESS RISKS All investments are subject to risk. There are a number of risk factors that could impact on the performance of Summer Foundation, should they occur. The Board and management team will monitor and actively manage these risks to ensure the ongoing sustainability of Summer Foundation. Vacancy Risk The most significant risk for Summer Foundation is vacancy risk. NDIS funding is attached to a participant and not the dwelling, meaning the NDIA will not pay to the property owner the SDA payment if they cannot find a tenant (‘vacancy risk’). This creates uncertainty in the flow of income. However it is unlikely to be a barrier to financiers investing in new housing stock in major cities, given the unmet demand for housing for people with disability. In the Hunter Housing Project the Summer Foundation applied considerable resources to finding suitable long-term tenants with disability and high support needs to mitigate the vacancy risk. These activities included establishing networks, and implementing a communication strategy and expression of interest (EOI) process to identify potential tenants. Tenant selection then involved independent Occupational Therapy assessments of housing and support needs, a selection panel and liaising with NDIA to ensure that tenants had access to funding for the support, equipment and home modifications they needed.
2: The passport will allow CIS established and regulated in one passport member economy (the home economy) to be offered to investors in other passport member economies (host economies), under a clearly defined framework which seeks to ensure that the laws and regulations of the participating economies are applied in a sound and coherent manner. By supporting regulatory consistency, it is envisaged that the passport will result in an increased number of Asia regionbased CIS offered in each member economy. There may be a number of these CIS that are offered in multiple member economies. The expected increase in CIS activity in the region is, over time, expected to have a positive impact on investors, the Asia region CIS industry, and the broader economy in each participating jurisdiction. The development of the passport arrangements outlined in this consultation paper has been guided by particular objectives in each of the impact areas. These are outlined below. Delivering the benefits of greater competition As outlined above, the passport is expected to result in greater competition in the Asia region CIS industry. One of the key objectives of the passport is to ensure investors receive the benefits of this, for example, in terms of lower fees and greater CIS choice. In the Asia region, the degree of choice by investors varies. In some economies, there is a high degree of choice; in others, choice is more limited in terms of: location of CIS operation: for example, may be only very limited penetration of foreign operated CIS in that economy; geographical of CIS: for example, a vast majority of CIS may be domestically focused; and investment type and approach: for example, there may be only a limited number of options for investors looking for index or money market funds (MMFs). By increasing the number of foreign regulated CIS being offered in member economies, the passport is expected to increase the diversity of CIS available to investors. This, in turn, will improve investors’ ability to diversify their portfolio and reduce concentration risk. Similarly, the costs faced by investors in CIS also vary across the region. Investors in the Asia region face some of the lowest and some of the highest CIS fees and expenses. An increase in the number of Asia regionbased CIS being offered in passport member economies may see some reduction in fees as a result of greater competition. For CIS offering in multiple passport member economies, larger investor bases may create economies of scale benefits that can be passed onto investors in the form of lower fees.
The value of the superannuation benefits on 31 December 2021 is the sum of each amount of consideration paid and associated earnings on that valuing day. Step 1 Work out the amount of consideration paid and associated earnings for the first instalment on the valuing day by using the formula in new subregulation 307205.02C(2) of the ITAR 1997. This is done by determining the compounded amount of consideration just before the earliest adjustment day and then determining the compounded amount of consideration, just before each later adjustment day, by applying the following formula in new subregulation 307205.02C(2) of the ITAR 1997 on each adjustment day, until the adjustment day is the valuing day: = Compounded amount of consideration just before the adjustment day * 1 + Applicable above threshold rate for the adjustment day The compounded amount of consideration for the first instalment just before the 1 July 2018 adjustment day (being the earliest adjustment day) is: $10,000 Then just before the 1 July 2019 adjustment day it is: $10,000 * 1.0375 Then just before 1 July 2020 adjustment day it is: $10,000 * 1.0375^² Then just before 1 July 2021 adjustment day it is: $10,000 * 1.0375^² *1.04 Then just before 31 December 2021 adjustment day it is – with compounding being applied on the 1 July 2021 adjustment day: $10,000 * 1.0375^² * 1.04^² The amount of consideration paid for the first instalment on the valuing day, 31 December 2021, is then: = $10,000 * 1.0375^² * 1.04^² * (1 + (.04 × (182/365)) = $11,874.62 Step 2 Work out the amount of consideration paid for the second instalment and associated earnings on the valuing day using the formula in new subregulation 307-205.02C(2) of the ITAR 1997 where the earliest adjustment day is 1 July 2019, that is: = $10,000 * 1.0375* 1.04^² * (1 + (.04 × (182/365)) = $11,445.41 Step 3
Occurrence of provision of written notice Occurs under the obligations listed above. How many times per year written notice would be provided. 30 per annum Number of staff members engaged in providing written notice Occurs under the obligations listed above. Number of staff members in the organisation that undertake the task of providing written notice. 1 staff member Compliance cost Query Estimate Confidential information obligation compliance Establishing systems to ensure compliance with confidential information obligation Startup cost Time it would take to establish these systems. Hourly rate of the staff member that would establish the systems. Number of members in the organisation that would undertake the task of establishing the systems. 40 hours $43.70 per hour 1 staff member Monitoring compliance with above systems Time it take to monitor compliance with above systems. Hourly rate of the staff member that would undertake the compliance monitoring. How many times per year compliance monitoring would take place. Number of staff members in the organisation that would be responsible for monitoring compliance. 2.5 hours $34.20 per hour 2 per annum 1 staff member Product ranging and shelf space allocation principles Publication of product ranging and shelf allocation principles Startup cost Time it would take to develop and publish these principles. Hourly rate of the staff member undertaking the task. Number of staff members in the organisation that would be involved in developing and publishing the principles. 40 hours $43.70 per hour 1 staff member Updating product ranging and shelf allocation principles from time to time Time to update the principles. Hourly rate of the staff member that updates the principles. How many times per year the principles are updated. Number of staff members in the organisation involved in updating the principles. 8 $43.70 per hour 1 per 1 staff member Compliance cost Estimate Record keeping and reporting Code Compliance Manager record keeping of complaints Time it would take to keep a record of a complaint. Hourly rate of the staff member responsible for keeping records. Number of per year record is made. Number of staff members in the organisation that would be responsible for keeping these records. 1/2 hour $43.70 per hour 12 per annum 1 staff member
Introduction The Institute of Public Accountants (IPA) welcomes the opportunity to offer our ‘Combatting illegal phoenixing’ submission and looks forward to working with the Government as it sets its economic agenda. The IPA is one of the three professional accounting bodies in Australia, representing over 35,000 members and students in more than 80 countries The IPA prides itself in not only representing the interests of its members and but also Australia’s small business sector. The IPA views ‘Combatting illegal phoenixing’ as an essential activity to protect small bsuiensses that may be vulnerable and fall victim to illegal phoeninxing. The IPA has therefore made numerous recommendations that we believe will assist the Government in setting this new agenda. The IPA’s submission has been prepared with the assistance of the IPA faculties including the faculties of taxation, accounting regulation, accounting education, financial services, corporate governance, public sector and business. We are grateful for their contribution and guidance. The IPA submission has also benefited from consultation with IPA members who have expressed their views and concerns on a variety of matters. We are also grateful to all those who have taken the time to provide their input. We look forward to discussing further and in more detail the IPA’s recommendations with the Government and Treasury. Please address any enquires to Tony tony.greco&publicaccountants.org.au or Vicki Stylianou Yours sincerely Tony Greco General Manager Technical Policy COPYRIGHT © Institute of Public Accountants (ABN 81 004 130 643) 2008. All rights reserved. Save and except for third party content, all content in these materials is owned or licensed by the Institute of Public Accountants (ABN 81 004 130 643). IPA Submission Mr James Mason Financial System Division The Treasury Langton Crescent PARKES ACT 2600
participants in the company’s management, the company will be beholden to the known shareholders to provide relevant and timely information (particularly in circumstances where the regime uses a broad associate-inclusive definition). As noted earlier in section 1 of this submission, it is not apparent from the CP whether the third option, namely, the use of existing information sources (or modifications thereto) may already provide the solution. We do note, however, the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) already asks beneficial ownership questions in the company tax return (albeit currently limited, but clearly capable of being modified); both the income tax laws and tax administration practices have a long history of grappling with the pitfalls of beneficial ownership rules and developing tracing solutions – these might be capable of being leveraged; and, the ATO already has a legislative framework that facilitates wide domestic information gathering powers and an extensive international exchange of information network. When coupled with the existing Corporations law requirements, Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) powers, the Australian Business registry as well as possible enhancements to some or all or the above, the anecdotal evidence suggests that at least a partial solution might already exist through existing information sources and channels available to the regulatory authorities. However, we also acknowledge that special consideration would need to be given to the implications of this method under various privacy and secrecy rules. 2.2 Recommendation 2 A combination of using existing information already collected by various regulators (with possible modifications thereto) and/or imposing obligations at the company and shareholder levels to access natural person, beneficial ownership information appears to be the preferred high level design options. 2.3 Which companies could be out of scope? Certain Australian owned companies Given the levels of transparency that already applies to Australian listed companies, it is appropriate to grant beneficial ownership register exemptions to such entities. Even if relevant authorities may encounter some difficulties with the existing ownership information collected for listed companies, a risk based approach is likely to conclude that the compliance costs are not justifiable.
Amendments to the TAA will also remove the need for the original superannuation plan to give a roll-over benefit statement to each former member, depositor or account holder affected by the transfer. Comparison of key features of new law and current law New law Current law The amount of the contributions segment and the crystallised segment of an individual’s superannuation interest will no longer be limited to the value of their interest at any particular time. When an involuntary rollover superannuation benefit for a superannuation interest not supporting an income stream is paid to a new superannuation plan, the contributions segment in the new plan will include an amount equal to the contributions and crystallised segment in the original plan immediately before the involuntary roll-over superannuation benefit payment. If an involuntary roll-over superannuation benefit is paid from a superannuation interest supporting an income stream, the proportions of the tax free and taxable components of the income stream commenced in the new plan will be the same as the income stream in the original plan. Transferring superannuation will not be required to give roll-over superannuation benefit statements to members, depositors, or account holders for involuntary roll-over superannuation benefits. The amount of the contributions segment and the crystallised segment of an individual’s superannuation interest is limited to the overall value of their superannuation interest at any particular time. When an involuntary rollover superannuation benefit for a superannuation interest not supporting an income stream is paid to a new superannuation plan, the contributions segment in the new plan equals the tax free component of the involuntary roll-over superannuation benefit. If an involuntary transfer is paid from a superannuation interest supporting an income stream, the income stream ceases immediately to the transfer. The law does not provide clear guidance on how the tax free and taxable components of the benefit payment to the new plan are determined. Transferring superannuation plans are required to give a roll-over benefit statement to each former member, depositor or account member of the plan.
C: Section Current criminal penalty Proposed ordinary offence Part 2D.5 – Public information about directors and secretaries 205G(1) (strict liability) 10pu and/or 3 months 50pu 240pu and/or 2 years 2400pu 205G(3) (strict liability) 10pu and/or 3 months 50pu 240pu and/or 2 years 2400pu 205G(4) (strict liability) 10pu and/or 3 months 50pu 240pu and/or 2 years 2400pu Part 6.1 – Prohibited acquisitions of relevant interests in voting shares 606(1) (absolute liability) 25pu and/or 6 months and/or 5 years 6000pu 606(2) (absolute liability) 25pu and/or 6 months 125pu 600pu and/or 5 years 6000pu 606(4) (absolute liability) 25pu and/or 6 months 125pu 600pu and/or 5 years 6000pu Chapter 6C – Information ownership of listed companies and managed investment schemes 671B(1) (strict liability) 25pu and/or 6 months 125pu and/or 2 years 2400pu Chapter 2M – Financial reports and 286 (strict liability) 25pu and/or 6 months 125pu 240pu and/or 2 years 2400pu 307A (strict liability) 50pu 250pu 240pu and/or 2 years 2400pu Part 7.8 – Other provisions relating to conduct 989CA(strict liability) 50pu 250pu and/or 2 years 2400pu