Density and Specific Gravity Now=9/5/2012 Mod=09/05/2012 Selected Table of Densities below -- Solids S.G. (Specific Gravity - no units) Gold (Au) 19.3 19.3 19,300 Lead (Pb) 11.3 11.3 11,300 Silver (Ag) 10.5 10.5 10,500 Copper (Cu) 8.9 8.9 8900 Brass (average) 8.6 8.6 8600 Steel (Fe) 7.8 7.8 7800 Tin (Sn) 7.29 7.29 7290 Zinc (Zn) 7.14 7.14 7140 Aluminum (Al) 2.7 2.7 2700 Balsa Wood 0.3 0.3 300 Oak 0.8 0.8 800 Earth Average 5520 Liquids & Gases Mercury (Hg) 13.6 13.6 13,600 Water 1.0 1.0 1000 Oil 0.9 0.9 900 Alcohol 0.8 0.8 800 Antifreeze 1.125 (32°F) 1.098 (77°F) 1.125 (32°F) 1.098 (77°F) 1125 (32°F) 1098 (77°F) Air 1.29 * 10-3 1.29 * 10-3 1.29 Hydrogen 9.0 * 9.0 * 10-5 0.09
Data Table Unstretched spring height h0 h0 = ________ cm = ________ m Mass = 0.200 kg Drop height h1 h1 = ________ cm = ________ m k = 9.5 N/m Distance spring stretched at the top d1 = h0 – h1 d1 = ________ cm = ________ m Measured Energy at the Top: PEelastic = ½ k d12 = __________ J PEgrav = m g h1 = ____________ J TOTAL MEASURED ENERGY AT THE TOP: Etop = ______________ J Lowest height h2 h2 = ________ cm = ________ m Distance spring stretched at the bottom d2 = h0 – h2 d2 = ________ cm = ________ m Measured Energy at the Bottom: PEelastic = ½ k d22 = __________ J PEgrav = m g h2 = ____________ J TOTAL MEASURED ENERGY AT THE BOTTOM: Ebottom = ____________ J Percent difference: _____________________________
Energy Data and Results– blank lines in excess of your experiment are provided Cart 1 Original Cart 2 Original Total Original Energy Cart 1 Final Cart 2 Final Total Final Energy Diff. Avg. % Run # M1 (kg) Vo1 (m/s) Eo1= (J) M2 (kg) Vo2 (m/s) Eo2= (J) Eot= Eo1+Eo2 (kg m/s) M1 (kg) Vf1 (m/s) Ef1= (J) M2 (kg) Vf2 (m/s) Ef2= (J) Eft= Ef1+Ef2 (J) = |EftEot| (J) mean= (J) Cart 2 at rest 2nd run Cart 2 at rest Cart 2 + 500 gm at rest Cart 1 at rest – Cart 2 + 500 gm Velcro Cart 2 at rest Velcro 2nd run Cart 2 at rest Velcro Cart 2 + 500 gm at rest Velcro Cart 1 at rest – Cart 2 + 500 gm Extra row Extra row
Year ___________ Fall Semester Year ___________ Spring Semester Course Credits Degree Requirement? (what?, list) Course Credits Degree Requirement? (what?, list) Year ___________ Fall Semester Year ___________ Spring Semester Course Credits Degree Requirement? (what?, list) Course Credits Degree Requirement? (what?, list) Year ___________ Fall Semester Year ___________ Spring Semester Course Credits Degree Requirement? (what?, list) Course Credits Degree Requirement? (what?, list) Page left intentionally
3. What is the formula according to theory? 4. Calculate the theoretical value for the period of oscillation. 5. Theoretical period of oscillation is based on what approximation? 6. Let's violate this approximation and measure the period. What is the measured period now? 7. How does this second measurement compare to the first and to theory? Explain why it deviates. Page left intentionally Slinky Wave Conceptual __________________/__________________/__________________ Names – 3 to 5 people per group, __________________/__________________at 6 split into 2 groups
The wave phenomenon we will discuss today is beats. This happens when two frequencies are close to each other, but not exactly the same. If it's two sound waves we hear the sound waver between loud (or louder) and soft, then loud again. The "beat" frequency of the oscillation between loud and soft is the difference in frequency between the two main frequencies. The beat frequency is most often much smaller than either main frequency. Orchestras and bands use this phenomena to "tune" their instruments. They tune the instrument so that no beats are heard. Radio uses this to transmit AM radio signals. The beats are the radio announcer's voice or record playing on the radio. The radio receiver "beats" a frequency against the received signal to extract the "sound" coming from the radio. \ If possible (if we have suitable demonstration equipment), we will demonstrate beats. 4. Sketch how beats work, explain, and attach additional pages if necessary. These are only a few wave phenomena - there are many more such as reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction. We will discuss some or all of these in other assignments. Page left intentionally blank Sound Resonance __________________/__________________/__________________ Names – 3 to 5 people per group, __________________/__________________at 6 split into 2 groups Class:___________________Section: ______________Date:______________ we're going to swirl a sound resonance tube and calculate the sound resonances. How long is the tube in m?