Land cover classes Land cover/Biomass Indicative AGB Carbon stock (tC/ha) HCS Approach Categories Evergreen Forest Evergreen 1 HCS HDF 2 HCS LDF 3 HCS YRF 4 Non HCS > mean of the forest class 75 to Mean of forest class 35 - 75 < 35 HCS HCS HCS Non HCS HDF LDF YRF Dry Forest Dry 1 HCS HDF 2 HCS LDF 3 HCS YRF 4 Non HCS > mean of the forest class 75 to Mean of forest class 35 – 75 < 35 HCS HCS HCS Non HCS HDF LDF YRF Swamp Forest Swamp Forest 1 HCS HDF 2 HCS LDF 3 HCS YRF 4 Non HCS > mean of the forest class 75 to Mean of forest class 35 – 75 < 35 HCS HCS HCS Non HCS HDF LDF YRF Coniferous Forest Coniferous 1 HCS HDF 2 HCS LDF 3 HCS YRF 4 Non HCS > mean of the forest class 75 to Mean of forest class 35 – 75 < 35 HCS HCS HCS Non HCS HDF LDF YRF S
assessment report have been discussed here. The next step is to compare the results of the image interpretation with measurements taken in the field. This also allows us to calculate approximate carbon values for each class. The next chapter will explain how to collect sample field data required to estimate the above-ground biomass and carbon stock, assign average carbon levels to each category (while noting that the purpose is not to calculate an exact carbon number but rather to differentiate types of land cover through estimated carbon values), and further refine the classification in order to create the land cover map from which the potential HCS forest areas are delineated. Appendix A: An overview of satellite image options Satellite Name Overview Spatial Resolution (m) Temporal Resolution Image capture dates Cost per scene (USD) Available Bands Size of images Comments Landsat 7 US government’s earth-observing satellite missions, jointly managed by NASA and the US Geological Survey. Band designations include: Multi-spectrum Scanner (MSS) Thematic Mapper (TM) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) Since 2003, Landsat 7 image data have been affected by a stripping problem that reduces the quality of these images. 30m 16 days 1999 – Present Free 8 Bands: 1) 0.45 - 0.515 30m 2) 0.525 - 0.605 30m 3) 0.63 - 0.69 30m 4) 0.75 - 0.90 30m 170km by 183km
4=NIR Pan RapidEye 5m 5.5 days 2009 $1.5 / km2 1) 440 – 510 nm (Blue) 2) 520 – 590 nm (Green) 3) 630 – 685 nm (Red) 4) 690 – 730 nm (Red Edge) 5) 760 – 850 nm (Near IR) 25km x 25 km IKONOS http://geofuse.geoeye.com/landing/ 4m 14 days 2000- 1 (Blue) 2 3 (Red) 4 (Near-IR) 14km by 14km Sentinel-1 5 m*5m 5m*20m 20m*40m 12 days April 2014 - Present Free C band 80 Km Stripmap Mode
0.55 meter GSD at 20˚ off-nadir 5.9 days at 20˚ or less 0.51 meter GSD 17.6 km X 14 Km or 246,4 KM2at Nadir Accessible Ground Swath 60Km by 110 Km Or 30 km by 110 Km Stereo acquisition Ground Sample Distance (GSD) 0.46 meters GSD at 0.52 meters GSD at 20° 1.84 meters GSD at Nadir, 2.4 meters GSD 1.1 days at 1 GSD or less 3.7 days at 20° or less (0.52 meter GSD) October 2009 to Present Panchromatic 8 Multispectral (4 standard colors: red, blue, green, near-IR), 4 new colors: red edge, coastal, yellow, 16.4 at nadir Maximum viewing angle or Accessible Ground Swath Max Area Collected in a Single Pass: 96 x 110 km mono,
at 20° 48 x 110 km stereo Nadir: 0.31 m GSD at Nadir 0.34 m at 20° Nadir: 1.24 m at Nadir, 1.38 m at 20° SWIR Nadir: 3.70 m at Nadir, 4.10 m at 20° CAVIS Nadir: 30.00 m 1 m GSD: <1.0 day 4.5 days at 20° or less August 2014 to Present Panchromatic @ 450-800nm 8 Multispectral @ 400 – 1040 nm 8 SWIR bands @ 1195 – 2365 nm 12 CAVIS Bands @405 – 2245 nm At 13.1 km Max Area Collected in a Single Pass (30° off-nadir angle) Mono: 66.5 km x 112 km (5 strips) Stereo: 26.6 km x 112 km (2 pairs) Emerging technologies
Sensor Website Spatial Resolution Temporal Resolution Capture date Cost of Image Available Bands Swath Ebee unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) For mapping topography, land use, land cover and changes at very high resolution It is very good tool for monitoring changes of an area. Note that in some areas only certified pilots may use this technology. Several multirotors UAV and fixed wing drone should be explored by analysts, as the UAV technology is changing fast. Sub meter to 5 meter Any day and time with good weather Any date the team selected to fly 35 USD per sq.km for stereo images acquisition 700 images per single flight 10 sq.km per 45 minutes per single flight Processing time is 12 hours per 100 images @ ~800 USD per working day Visible (blue, green and red) with visible camera Near infrared with near infrared camera 10 km by 10 km Microwave or SAR - Synthetic Aperture Radar Sentinel-1: Sentinel-1: Sentinel-1: Sentinel-1: Sentinel-1: C-Band SAR
ERS, ENVISAT (retired) and Sentinel-1, launched in April 2014 Old archives of ERS and ENVISATS are available until 2012 20m Resolution 12 days revisit Since April 2014 Free download with Registration 250 KM Swath data Airborne LiDAR For mapping topography, DTM Creating contours, Not for Land use or land cover mapping and detection of changes See website 30000 points per second at 15 meter accuracy See website Any time of good weather See website Choice by the analysts See website See website See website