Bangladesh post CLTS - building improved types of latrine and move up the ‘sanitation ladder’ Indonesia - promoting sanitation marketing but should be a range of options Local entrepreneurs have established their production centre in peri-urban areas, but need market promotion for their activities When sanitation marketing is linked with CLTS need a market provider Hygiene Adopted ODF + (the second that includes environmental cleanliness, hygiene Social norm issue – collective social norm vs. handwashing as a private issue Triggering different for private behaviours Schools are obvious to start for hygiene practices: School led total sanitation for greater promotion of hygiene indicators– risk that we take the proxy indicators for granted but don’t always do more observational studies to validate the proxy indicators If you wanted to encourage handwashing need more water; more advocacy for prioritisation for spending on water rather than other areas of preventative health care
Ms Kavita Wankhade Lead Practice Indian Institute for Human Settlements India Mr James Robertson Programme Management Plan UK Mr Domingos Alves WaterAid Timor Leste Mr Samnang Pheng DDSP Cambodia Mr Pasuong Saokum PDRD KSP Cambodia Mr Unt Ty PDRD Prey Veng Cambodia Mr Nguyen Quy Hoa WASH manager Plan Vietnam Mrs Nguyen Bi’Ch Thuy MoH Vietnam Table 2: Facts and Figures on CLTS in the region Country Year of first CLTS start up Government policy on CLTS # of people as CLTS trainers Districts in your country Number of communities triggered Number of ODF communities (certified) Comments/remarks Total no No wt CLTS No wt ODF comm. Cambodia 2005 by Concern worldwide implemented by government programme 25 master trainers 159 districts 60 730 villages 2800 villages 220 villages Complement San mark Laos 2007 by concern Worldwide National plan of action on WASH incudes CLTS ad approved 2012 3 master trainers 20 trainers >200 facilitators Myanmar 2009-2010 UNICEF and government In national health stargey 20-35 Master trainers district
Viet Nam 2009 by UNICEF nad MoH Under RWSS NTP3 ToT trainer to >4 5 > 160 facilitators 25 villages certified Indonesia Plan – 2008 Govt – 2005 Permenkes No 3 2014 Kepmenkes 2008 National 50 (full time) Provincial 60 (part time) Districts ~ 200 trainers (P/T) 550 district 203 CLTS 13.964 villages in 2003 14,641 villages triggered 2094 ODF Active national watsan working group (as enabler) Pakistan WSP – 2004 Plan – 2008 National Sanitation policy > 400 112 40 40 Triggered communities (10,000); ODF cert. 8,2000 8 million population triggered Pakistan approach to sanitation (PATS) – CLTS, SLTS, SanMark, Hyg promotion) SLTS progress really slow because government provide subsidy with the vulnerable households Timor Leste 2009 – by Concern WaterAid and Plan Government strategy 10-15 Master trainers 70-90 CLTS facilitators Nepal 2004 Plan and WaterAid In government sanitation and hygiene master plan > 750 Master Trainers 75 75 15 2000 village development committees (VDC) 1671 VDC and 18 municipalities India 2003, UNICEF, GSF, Govt 2 states No Only 2 agencies 632 More than 200/ no report Incentive subsidy is problem Table 3: Challenges and key burning issues for discussion. The table shows the card written and posted up by participants. The categories were not predetermined but emerged from the cards.
Pressure for and scale Government policies and subsidies Problem Duration of the process Sanitation marketing Verification, certification, monitoring Sustainability Inclusion of those least able Hygiene/hygienic conditions Facilitators – numbers, capacity Government pressure versus behaviour change Don’t have common approach on sanitation, government need to support subsidy CLTS in disaster prone communities Period to achieve ODF is too long Phasing of sanitation marketing Continued monitoring by government CLTS slippage Lack of strategy to the poorest CLTS – fix point defecation Not enough good facilitators from local areas CLTS versus government target How CLTS with subsidy incentive Latrine technology in flooding Project time frame too short to achieve and sustain ODF to start on the sanitation ladder Post CLTS triggering monitoring is an issue How to follow up to sustain ODF still not clear Inclusion marginalised groups (PWD, elderly) Hygiene tools still lacking Attitudes of facilitators Government policy still promotes subsidies for toilets Triggering in floating areas Very slow progress towards ODF in some villages in TML Supplies to remote areas in TML difficult – expensive CLTS quantity construction No financing mechanism for poor families Low capacity of managers at district and commune level The autonomy of district head to determine program priority Latrine design in flooding area Rate of ODF achievement is still low Competition among suppliers caused some to stop business Pit emptying services not available – risk of going back to OD Very poor area, very long tradition of OD Not prioritised Lack of understanding of development and CLTS Government is less support to WASH (not priority( Language barrier to work with minority ethnic groups Availability of affordable toilets remains an issue in Laos How to sustain ODF if the poorest households can’t go up the sanitation latter CLTS vs the poor Lack of strategy to capacity of locals to serve as facilitators Expensive sanitation products CLTS the cheapest approach to increase sanitation coverage Some villagers don’t want to build a toilet, they say no money, the ask for subsidy
Squat Survey of Rural Households in North India North India (Haryana, UP, Rajasthan, MP, Bihar) Rice Institute BMFG Early 2014 May 2014 How did the Asian Tigers Achieve ODF Covering Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand WaterAid WaterAid ?2013 ? end of 2014 Tim Brewer WaterAid Relation between water, sanitation and mothers behaviour and under 5 Vietnam UNICEF – MoH UNICEF 2011 2011 UNICEF and VIHEMA Water, Sanitation and health of children under 5 Vietnam UNICEF, MoH UNICEF 2014 Ongoing Low cost latrine options Vietnam UNICEF, MoH UNICEF 2014 Ongoing Formative research on: policies, BCC, supply chain and applied sanitation approaches Vietnam MoH WSP (WB) 2013 2013 Impact of CLTS on diarrhoeal disease Nepal Plan Plan 2013 2013 Plan Risk and benefit of children’s participation in CLTS Nepal Plan Plan 2014 Ongoing Plan Nepal Service delivery process and outcomes 56 districts India WSP WSP 2013 2013 Wsp.org Words of Faith (Collecting from the great religions) Global UNICEF Unicef India and IDS 2014 Dec 2014 UNICEF India/IDS knowledge Hub Follow up to UNICEF, WSP, EASAN study – sanitation & CLTS Regional – East Asia UNICEF Chander Badloe MHM and human rights India WSSCC End 2014 Comparative Study on natural leaders India IDS Gates Pictures, photos, graphics and posters to illustrate information, innovations, challenges