GBS country but have no climate change indicators developed yet. South Africa is relatively advanced in the climate change issue compared to Tanzania, therefore this assignment wanted to see what Tanzania can learn from South African experience. Bangladesh is also featured in the Annex as it has really taken major steps towards a solid and holistic CC framework. Mozambique, DRC, and Tanzania heavily rely on climate sensitive sectors for their economies hence making them more vulnerable. This similarity further influenced the selection of these countries in undertaking this assignment. Through discussion with DPG E on the draft report, it was suggested that Bangladesh be included since it started mainstreaming CC issues since 2005 compared to other countries that have just started. Experiences from Bangladesh could inform the CC process in Tanzania irrespective of contextual differences. Details of the reviews of other countries are included in the Annex 3 of this report and below is the indicators/synthesis deriving from this review. Table 2. Conclusions from other countries’ experiences. Kenya South Africa Mozambique DRC Institutional set up NAPA/NCCRS NCCRS NCCRS NAPA NAPA Impact studies Conducted and selectively focused on semi arid areas of the country Conducted and Included in the NAPA Not conducted sector wide: focused mainly on forestry National institutions dealing with CC activities NEMA and the Ministry of Env. And Mineral Resources: NCCRS proposes a CC Commission Ministry of Environment Ministry of Environment Number of CC related projects in the country N/A N/A N/A N/A Major CC responses in the country NCCRS, KACCAL, Technology Needs Assessment, National Initial Communication, DNA Formulation (however implementation is lagging behind) NAPA, Technology Needs Assessment, National Initial Communication, DNA Formulation (however implementation is lagging behind) NAPA, Technology Assessment, National Initial Communication, DNA Formulation (however implementation is lagging behind) For the countries identified there are certain similarities with Tanzania. Some of the countries are more advanced in their response to the climate change issue than Tanzania while some are lagging behind. However, common areas of concern include: The need to focus on agriculture since it is the economic mainstay of these countries (employs the largest portion of the productive workforce, contributes the largest portion to the national GDPs among all sectors, is highly vulnerable to CC since it is mainly rain-fed agriculture)
Awareness creation programmes to the public on the best use of air conditioners, use of energy saving bulbs etc. Replacement of oil in power generation and use natural gas instead In addition, there are several other initiatives planned to take place in the future that address some of the other concerns the Ministry is dealing with: Development of biofuel policy, legal and Regulatory framework Dissemination of efficient technologies in biomass sector Through Rural Energy Agency to facilitate the access to modern energy services by rural population instead of relying on traditional biomass fuels Survey of available potential of mini hydro power stations in the country Sensitization of small scale miners to plant trees once they clear for mining as well as filling the pits once they open the land Sensitizing scale miners on intensive use of energy especially those mines which are not yet connected to the grid Phasing out of leaded fuel in transport sector MEMs plans vision regarding climate change can be summarized as follows: Climate change is real and is happening what is needed is adaptation though it is costly. MEM has to improve the panning by integrating climate change in its development plans and budgets, as well as creating a conducive environment to promote partnership with private sector in addressing climate change. This work needs to be integrated to national CC mainstreaming agenda. Energy generation in Tanzania is mainly hydro-based. Therefore, there is a need for strong/close collaboration between the ministries of energy and water in managing water resources for energy generation. Below are climate change related indicators with regard to the energy sector: Energy generation capacity by source (hydro, wind, solar, gas) % of population connected to the national grid National energy generation capacity Number of projects/programmes on alternative energy sources Forestry The forestry sector is affected by Climate Change both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include changes in biophysical factors such as water, wind, CO2 concentration and temperature that directly affect plant growth as detailed in the National Initial Communication to the UNFCCC. The National Initial Communication predicts shifts in agro ecological zones to their drier types in Tanzania with climatic changes. Indirect effects of CC on forests include increased deforestation as humans increasingly become dependent on forests for their livelihoods. Forestry management is under the Mnistry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT) in close collaboration with local government authorities (LGAs). Forest management is primary done through patrols to reduce threats to forest