7 # of buckets X 2.5 TRAM BUCKET SIZE 17.5 Actual load size (ALS) NOTE: NEVER ROUND OFF ALS (ON SLIDE #47) e. STEP #5 LOAD WEIGHT (LW): To determine the Load Weight, multiply ASW and ALS. Regardless of how much volume that you may be able to haul, you should try to keep your load weight under 48,000 pounds. Table #2-2 shows the weight of Cinders as 1200 pounds per loose cubic yard. A struck load would weigh 16,800 pounds, while the heap load would weigh 21,600 pounds. These weights would be easily hauled, but it is a different story with other materials. Take a look at Earth Loam, Wet for instance: TABLE #2-2 APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF SOIL TYPE OF SOIL POUNDS PER (CY) TYPE OF SOIL POUNDS PER (CY) CINDERS 1200 LBS. LIMESTONE 2500 LBS. CLAY, DRY 2000 LBS. SANDSTONE 2200 LBS. CLAY, WET 3000 LBS. SAND, DRY 2900 LBS. CLAY & GRAVEL, 2700 LBS. SAND, WET 3100 LBS. GRAVEL, DRY 3000 LBS. SHALE & SOFT ROCK 2700 LBS. GRAVEL, WET 3100 LBS. SLAG, BANK 1940 LBS. EARTH LOAM, DRY 2200 LBS. SLATE 2500 LBS. EARTH LOAM, WET 3200 LBS. TRAP ROCK 3500 LBS. HARDPAN 3100 LBS. CORAL (HARD) 2440 LBS. CORAL (SOFT) 2030 LBS. 3,200 Weight of loam WET, PER/CY X 14 (LCY) Struck 44,800 LBS. STRUCK LOADED 3,200 Weight of Earth loam WET, PER/CY X 18 (LCY) Heaped 57,600 LBS. HEAPED LOADED (1) As you can see, the struck load weighs less than the rated capacity, but the heaped load is over the 48,000 pound
limit by 9,600 pounds. Therefore, if you are going to be hauling this type of material, and you are self loading, you should plan on hauling a struck load. However, if you are loading the scraper with another piece of equipment, such as a scoop loader, you must determine how many loads the loader can put on the scraper and still keep the weight of the load within the acceptable weight limits. (ON #48) (2) Each cubic yard weighs 2354 lbs (Step #1), and you are hauling 17.5 cubic yards. Therefore, the weight of your load will be 41,195 lbs. INTERIM TRANSITION: Thus far we have discussed scraper production. Do you have any questions? Let’s move on to the demonstration. EXAMPLE: 2354 ASW X 17.5 ALS 41,195 load weight (LW) NOT OVER THE 48,000 LBS MAX. LOAD WEIGHT NOTE: NEVER ROUND OFF LOAD WEIGHT (ON SLIDE #49) f. STEP #6: SHORT TONS: Are found by dividing the gross weight by 2,000 lbs. (the weight of one ton) Example: 66,590 LBS. TR. WT. + 41,195 LOAD WT. (from step #5) 107,785 LBS. WEIGHT
(ON SLIDE #102) m. STEP #13 SOIL CONVERSION (SC) (IF NEEDED) : In some cases the basic production rate may be needed in compacted cubic yards (CCY) for a road or runway. X __ = LCYPH X CONVERSION FACTOR = ( CYPH) NOTE: ROUND DOWN CYPH TABLE #1-1 Soil Conversion FACTORS SOIL CONVERTED FROM: BANK LOOSE COMPACTED SAND OR GRAVEL BANK LOOSE COMPACTED * .90 1.05 1.11 * 1.17 .95 .86 * LOAM BANK LOOSE COMPACTED * .80 1.11 1.25 * 1.39 .90 .72 * CLAY BANK COMPACTED * .70 1.11 1.43 * 1.59 .90 .63 * ROCK (BLASTED) BANK LOOSE COMPACTED * .67 .77 1.50 * 1.15 1.30 .87 * CORAL COMPARABLE TO LIMESTONE BANK COMPACTED * .67 .77 1.50 * 1.15 1.30 .87 * EXAMPLE: What is the production rate in (CCY) for a 621B with a basic production rate of 36 LCYPH, working in Earth Loam, Dry? 36 X .72 = 25.92 OR 25 ( C CYPH) LCYPH X CONVERSION FACTOR = NOTE: ROUND DOWN ( CYPH) (ON #103)
Dozing is Employed Equipment Available.................(2) MCT SOLUTION: 300 x .96 x 1.13 x .80 x .45 x 1.15 = 134.73 or 134 LCYPH 134 x .63 = 84.42 or 84 CCYPH 1548 = 9.20 THR (84 x 2) PROBLEM #2: the following information, determine how many MC1150E Tractors are required to complete this job in five (5) hours? Average dozing distance 100 ft. Average % of grade +6% Quantity of soil required 2976 LCY Material type Sandstone Material type factor Hard to Cut (with tilt cylinder) Operator efficiency factor Excellent/Daylight Slot Dozing is Employed Equipment available (6) MC1150E Tractors SOLUTION: 200 x .92 x 1.05 x .80 x 1.00 x 1.20 = 185.47 or 185 LCYPH 2976 = 3.22 or 4 Dozers Required (185 x 5) TRANSITION: Are any questions over the crawler tractor estimations? Now let’s move into scoop loader estimations. OPPORTUNITY FOR QUESTIONS: 1. QUESTIONS FROM THE CLASS 2. QUESTIONS TO THE CLASS:
(2) Step 2: Determine the Size and Number of Dozers Available: Dozer size MCT Number dozers available 2 (3) Step 3: Determine the size of trees to be cleared: Small trees X Medium trees Large trees (ON #164) (4) Step 4: Determine Production (hours per acre) for Clearing, based on dozer size and tree size (Table Small trees 2.50 hr/acre TABLE #13-3 QUICK ESTIMATES FOR CLEARING EQUIPMENT MAN OR EQUIPMENT (HOURS PER ACRE) SMALL TREES (6 INCHES OR LESS) MEDIUM TREES (7 TO 12 INCHES) LARGE TREES (over 13 TO 30 INCHES) BULLDOZER: Medium tractor Heavy tractor (D8) 2.50 1.50 5.00 3.00 10.00 8.00 SPADE PLOW: Medium tractor 1.33 2.20 3.90 SHEAR BLADE: Medium tractor Heavy tractor (D8) 0.40 0.30 0.80 0.50 1.30 0.80 Note: These clearing rates are averages for tree counts of 50 trees per acre. Adverse conditions can reduce these rates significantly (5) Step 5: Determine Basic Production Rate (average hrs per acre) by averaging individual production rates: (if needed) hr/acre(small)+ hr/acre(med)+ hr/acre (large) # of different size trees = basic production rate (hrs per acre)
(6) Step 6: Determine Equipment and Operator Efficiency Factor, Table 7-2. Average Operator, working during daylight hours = Efficiency factor 0.75 TABLE # 7-2 EQUIPMENT AND OPERATOR EFFICIENCY FACTORS TYPE OF DOZER OPERATOR ABILITIES DAY TRACKED EXCELLENT AVERAGE POOR 1.0 0.75 0.60 0.75 0.56 0.45 Note: These factors include operator efficiency and visibility (dust, rain, snow, fog, and darkness) with a job efficiency of a 60-minute hour. (ON #165, 166) (7) Step 7: hours required (STEP 1) (STEP 4) 14.55 (acres) X Production 2.50 (hr/acre) X 1.6 = 58.20 = 38.80 total hours Efficiency 0.75 X 2 Number of dozers 1.50 (STEP 6) (STEP 2) NOTE: NEVER ROUND OFF TIME NOTE: If estimating clearing and grubbing only, omit 1.6 from numerator of equation. The 1.6 hours is there for disposal and stripping of vegetation. (8) STEP 8: Production (Days) Hours Required 38.80 : 8 Hours Worked a Day = 4.85 OR 5 DAYS NOTE: ROUND DAYS TO THE NEXT FULL DAY INTERIM TRANSITION: Are there any questions over determining dozer production estimations? Now let’s move into some practical application on these steps. (ON SLIDE #167, 168)
minutes, how many loading units do you need to keep the scrapers busy? SOLUTION: 7 ÷ 33 = 1.27 OR 2 LOADERS NEEDED 6 TRANSITION: Are there any questions over loader and haul unit required? Now let’s move into the last estimations topic you will receive, the dump truck. (ON SLIDE #217) OPPORTUNITY FOR QUESTIONS: 1. QUESTIONS FROM THE CLASS 2. QUESTIONS TO THE CLASS: a. What is the primary use of front end loaders? Lifting and Loading b. How many front end loaders does the Marine Corps have? Three c. What are they? 624KR TRAM, 420E Backhoe, and the MC1150E – 10 Min) TRANSITION: Are any questions over basic scoop loader production? Now let’s move into dump trucks estimations.
TABLE 21-8 Soil classifications and compaction requirements (average) SYMBOL DESCRIPTION LIFT THICKNESS COMPACTED INCHES ROLLING SPEED (MPH/VPM) NUMBER OF PASSES GW Well-graded gravels or gravel sand mixture with 5% or less fines 18 (BEST) 4 mph 1400 vpm 8 GP Poorly graded gravels or gravel-sand mixture with little or no fines 18 (BEST) 4 mph 1400 vpm 8 GM Silty gravel and poorly graded gravel-sand silt mixtures 12 4 mph 1100 vpm 6 GC Clayey gravel and poorly graded gravel-sand-clay mixture 12 4 mph 700 vpm 6 SW Well-graded sands or gravely sand mixture with 5% or less fines 18 (BEST) 4 mph 1400 vpm 8 SP Poorly-graded sands or gravely sand mixture with 5% or less fines 18 (BEST) 4 mph 1400 vpm 8 SM Silty sands, sand-silt mixture 12 4 mph 1100 vpm 6 SC Clayey sands, sand-clay mixture 12 3 mph 700 vpm 7 ML Inorganic silt of low plasticity, silty fine sands 8 3 mph 700 vpm 7 CL Inorganic clay of low to medium plasticity, lean 8 3 mph 700 vpm 7 OL Organic silt and organic silt-clay of low plasticity * N/A N/A MH Inorganic silt micaceous or diatomaceous silty soil * N/A N/A CH Inorganic clay of high plasticity, fatty clays * N/A N/A OH Organic clay medium to high plasticity * N/A N/A S 3 MPH L 8" P 7 (d) Step #3: Determine Operator/Time Factor (E). Due to the fact an operator cannot physically operate a Vibratory compactor for more than 50 minutes without a break, it is necessary to figure an efficiency factor. This is taken from the table below. E .83