Warring States [Zhàn Guó ] (480/403-221 / 9521/9598-9780 HE) hegemon [bà “sleeping on brushwood and tasting bile” [wòxīn chángdǎn ] Gōujiàn of Yuè / Zhèjiāng (reg.496-465 BCE) Fūchāi of Wú / Shànghǎi (reg.495-473 BCE) “ten of training/instruction, ten years of building/gathering [resources/soldiers]” [shínián jiàoxùn, shínián shēngjù ] LEGALISM fǎ = laws, rules; methods punishments [xíng ] "techniques" (of government) [shu ] "rich country, strong military" qiángbīng ] Shāng Yāng (fl. 361-338 BCE) Xúnzi (c. 298-238 BCE) Han Feizi 233 BCE) DAOISM Daò "myriad objects" [wàn wù ] wúwéi ] = "non-purposive action" "artificial," "false" [wěi ] "culture/patterns" [wén ] vs. "simplicity/essence" [zhí ] "immortal" [xiān ] Lǎozi Classic of the Dao [Dào Dé ] Dào kě dào fēi cháng Dào Míng kě míng fēi cháng Míng Zhuāngzi (c. 365-290 BCE) “transformation of things” CONFUCIANISM Confucius [Kǒng Fūzi ] (c. 551-479 BCE) Rú = expert on ritual & government
shì zài shì zài tiān / man proposes, heaven disposes) (Shuō dào Cáo Cāo, Cáo Cāo jiù dào / speak of the devil…) SIX DYNASTIES [Liù Cháo ] PERIOD (220-589) Wú ] 222-265/280, with its capital at Jiànyè (= modern Nanjing) Jìn Western Jin [Xī Jìn ], at Luoyang, 265-316 Eastern Jin [Dōng Jìn ], at Jiànkāng (Nanjing), 317-420 "internal disorder, external disaster" [nèi luàn wài huàn ] "Northern and Southern Courts" [Nán Běi Cháo ], 420-589 in the south, four successor states (420-589) to Wu and Jin, to complete the rest of the "Six Dynasties": (reference only) Liú Sòng (420-476) Southern Qi [Nán Qí ] (479-=502) Liáng (502-557) Liáng Wǔdì Chén (557-589) in the north: "Sixteen Kingdoms" [Shíliù Guó ], 304-439 "five barbarian tribes throw China into disorder" [wǔ hú luàn Huá “sinification” / “sinicization” [Hàn huà Northern Wei [Běi Wèi ], 386-535 Toba clan [Tòbá shì ] of the Xiānbēi ] (Tabgach) rulers: Tàiwǔdì Míngyuándì Xiàowéndì institutions: professional/rotational border guards [fǔbīng ] collective guarantee [bǎojiǎ system "equal-field" [jūntián ] system Land and Taxes (N. Wei through mid-Tang) "equal-field" [juntian ] system mu, mou [mu ] arable land [lutian ] ;
tōge (mountain pass) (crossroads) calligraphy = “Madame chōchōsan [“tefutefusan” on mora; ≠ “syllable” Nara – imperial capitals and other cities: on Honshū: Heijō Nara (710-784) Naniwa (744-745) (784-794) Heiankyō / (794-1868) on Kyūshū: Dazaifu Hakata Nara period – 784/794) Shintō / Taihō Code Taihō ritsuryō (701/702 enacted/implemented); revised in 718 as Yōrō Code Yōrō-ritsuryō “provinces”/”statelets” (kuni / )and “districts” (gun system of criminal and administrative law (ritsuryōsei Council of State Affairs (Daijōkan Council of Divinities / Shintō Affairs (Jingikan system (of N. Wei through mid-Tang) publicly-administered lands literary works: gazetters China, fāngzhi Kojiki (712) Nihon Chinese poetry kanshi Man’yōshū 751) Japanese poetry waka uta Nara politics
Minamoto no Tameyoshi Minamoto no Yoshitomo (1123-1160) Minamoto no Yoritomo Minamoto no Yoshitsune Tachibana clan shōen “estates” “name-fields” myō mandokoro “administrative council” shiki “rights/entitlements” patrons (honke central proprietors (ryōke ) residents ) proprietors (ryōshu ) cultivators (shōmin “perpetual ownership of reclaimed land” law [konden-einen-shizai-hō 743 = “mansions” paper screens scrolls Shikibu (c. 973 – c. 1025) [daughter of Fujiwara Tametoki author of Tale of Genji (Genji monogatari = elegance; absence of crudity/roughness end-of-Heian conflicts military/warrior families = buke Hōgen War Minamoto no Tameyoshi & cloistered emperor vs. Go-Shirakawa no Kiyomori, & Minamoto no Yoshitomo Heiji War no Kiyomori vs. Minamoto no Yoshitomo Genpei War Minamoto Yoritomo vs. Taira battle of Dan-no-ura Dan-no-ura no tatakai) 24 March 1185 Heike Monogatari
Semblance Dharma (zōbō Declining Dharma “end times” main temples Tōji in Kongōbuji Kōyasan Saichō Ennin Enryaku-ji at Hieizan Lotus Sutra (myōhō renge kyō ) Pure Land school (Jōdo shū Genshin (942-1017) Essentials of Salvation (Ōjō 985 “Pure Land” / Western Paradise / China’s “Western Regions” [Xī Yù ] vs. hell/purgatory (jigoku ) Hōnen (1133-1212) Amitābha / [Amítuófó / Amida-butsu nenbutsu = chanting the Buddha’s name / mindful of the Buddha “power of self” (jiriki vs. “power of another” (tariki raigō “welcoming approach” (of the Amida Buddha) “evil monks” Religion during the Kamakura period True Pure Land school (Jōdo Shinshū ) Shinran (1173-1262) Eshinni♀ Nichiren “namu = “devoting oneself to the mystic law of the Lotus Sutra” o-daimoku = “the (honorable) title” of this mantra chanting the mantra (shōdai Sōka Gakkai (20th century) Zen Eisai (1141-1215) Rinzai Sect (Rinzaishū )
“hidden Christians” kakure-kirishitan Korean Catholics “Western” studies (seohak / cheonjuhak Yi Byeok (1754-1785) Yi Seunghun [Peter Li] (1756-1801) Zhou / Ju Munmo (Jakub) (1752-1801) Sinyu Persecution (1801) (sinyu bakhae Tokugawa Foreign Relations “southern barbarians” nanban William Adams (1564-1620), the “pilot of Miura” (Miura Anjin ) maritime restrictions (kaikin ) sakoku country”) policy Nagasaki under various Tsushima under the Sō clan Ryūkyū , controlled by the Shimazu clan of and [Western] Learning” (rangaku ) other intellectual schools in “Chinese studies” “Nationalist” studies kogaku wagaku inishie manabi Mito Tokugawa Mitsukuni “one village, one shrine” (isson issha ) policy History of Great Japan (Dainihonshi ) Motoori Norinaga mono no = “the ‘ah!’-ness of things” Tokugawa Yoshimune (1684-1751; 8th shōgun, 1716-1745) Nakane Genkei (1661-1733) students of Dutch Noro Genjō (1693-1761)