-to to form sulphuric acid/nitric acid/carbonic acid E5-Fall to the earth with less than 5.0 ( This called acid rain ) Any 3 E 1 1 1 1 4 (b) Describe the effect of the phenomenon on agriculture and aquatic ecosystem and suggest ways to prevent this phenomenon effect: acid rain : On agriculture E1-Acid rain will increase the acidity of the earth//soil become acidic leaching of minerals E2-Not suitable for cultivation /grow of crops E3-cause some minerals to become insoluble and cannot be absorbed by the plants Any 2E On aquatic ecosystem E1-Accumulation of insoluble aluminum ion /ions in water sources //will increase the acidity of water //reduce the water pH E2-Kill aquatic organism /threatens aquatic life The ways that can be taken: S1-Reduce teh burning of fossil fuel ( which acontains sulphur) S2-Use alternative power source which is nature friendly instead of using the fossil fuel//use solar energy/wave energy 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 No Marking scheme Marks (c) A group of farmers planned to develop an agriculture nearby the lake. Besides to obtaining a high agriculture yield, they suggested that the area be made into a eco-tourism area. The following are a part of the details of their planning State the phenomena shows in both diagrams
P6-aquatic may die due to the acidic water /low pH P7-Minerals in soil will be washed into the rivers P8-Soil becomes infertile/not suitable for agriculture P9-Plants may die due to infertile soil /acidic soil 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 (d) Diagram 9 shows one phenomenon in the ecosystem due to an unplanned development. on the Diagram 9, explain the phenomenon and its effect to the environment. Factor + Explanation: F – (Name the effect) (The phenomenon) is acid rain E1 – Factors / motor vehicles / factory released large amount of nitrogen oxyde E2 - and sulfur dioxyde E3 – of nitrogen combine with water vapour (in atmosphere) to form nitric acid. E4 – sulphur dioxyde combined with water vapour (in atmosphere) to form sulphuric acid. E5 – the rain fall as the acid rain. Effect: E1: may corrode the building E2: acidic cause aquatic animal died. E3: minerals in soil dissolved/washed into E4: soil becomes infertile / not suitable for plant to growth. E5: Less yield / plant become die because the infertile soil. E6: The ecological balance of ecosystem disrupt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 (e) Diagram 9 a newspaper cutting on one of the effect of environmental pollution
C: causes of the phenomenon E: Effect of the phenomenon F1-this s phenomenon is called green house effect C1-combustion of fossil fuel from vehicles/factories/forest burning/coal – fire power station C2-excessive deforestation C3-Increase carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere caused by industries C4-Pollutant/CFC/methane E1-Carbon dioxide heat /infra red light /long wave radiation E2-Increase in global/ atmospheric temperature/ cause a rise in earth temperature/global warming E3-melting of polar ice/rise in the sea levels 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 (h) Suggests measure needed to be to overcome the phenomenon P1-use alternative source of energy to reduce the usage of fossil fuel energy generated from wind /water solar P2-Restrict open burning/forest burning /use incinerator P3-Reduce deforestation for farming/other development projects P4-Selective harvesting /logging/cut matured tree only P4-Replanting more trees which have been cut down P6-The use of technology/unleaded petrol/catalytic converter 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 The thinning of ozone layer No Marking scheme Marks (a) (i) State the phenomena shows in both diagrams Discuss the differences of both environmental phenomena in diagram A and B based on the following aspect -The cause -the effect -the ways to overcome10 criteria 1. State the type of phenomena 2. C: Differences in the causes 3. E: Differences in the effects