marigolds (Tagetes spp.), mints Asparagus officinalis Tomatoes, parsley Aster family flowers, dill, coriander, tomatoes, parsley, basil, comfrey, marigolds, nasturtiums[] Coupled with basil seems to encourage lady bugs[] Onion, garlic, potatoes, [] and Beets, lettuce, okra, potato, spinach,[] dill,[] cabbage, carrots, chards, eggplant, peas, tomatoes, brassicas, corn, cucumbers, grapes Summer savory, beets, cucumbers, borage, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, corn, larkspur, lovage, marigolds, mustards, radish, potato, peppermint, rosemary, lettuce, onion, squash, Snails and slugs Colorado potato beetle Tomatoes,[] chili peppers,[] alliums, gladiolas Hosts bacteria, a good fertiliser for some plants, too much for others. Rosemary and peppermint extracts are used in organic sprays for beans. Summer savory and potatoes repel bean beetles. Cucumber, soybeans, strawberries Celery, strawberries, grains Fennel, soybeans, dry beans, alfalfa "Lettuce, potato, tomato, other legumes, crucifers, or cucurbits increase sclerotinia" in the soil and should be avoided before and after snap beans. See also the entry for "Beans and other legumes" for more info Uncertain Radishes Sunflowers, brassicas, kohlrabi See the entry for "Beans and other legumes" for more info Common name Scientific name Helps Helped by Attracts Avoid Comments
tomato, turnip, clover alone. Turnip acts as a . See brassicas entry for more info Sage, clover, malting barley / celery Beans, clover, calendula/pot marigold, chamomile, larkspur, nasturtiums, dill, coriander, hyssop, onions, beets, marigolds, mint, rosemary, sage, thyme, tomatoes, lacy phacelia, Green onions with Chinese cabbage. Snails and slugs Grapes See brassicas entry for more info. If using clover as an intercrop it should be sown after transplant so as not to affect crop yield. Nasturtiums repel cabbage moths Tomatoes, alliums, beans, leeks, lettuce, onions, passion fruit Lettuce, alliums (chives, onions, shallots, etc.), rosemary, wormwood, sage, beans, , , parasitic wasp, yellow jacket and other predatory wasps Leek moth, onion fly Dill, parsnip, radish Tomatoes grow better with carrots, but may stunt the carrots' growth. Beans provide the nitrogen carrots need more than some other vegetables. Aromatic companion plants repel . Sage, rosemary, and radishes are recommended by some as companion plants, but listed by others as incompatible. Alliums with
carrots confuse onion and carrot flies. For the beneficial properties of carrots to work, they need to be allowed to flower; Otherwise, use the wild carrot, Queen Anne's Lace, for the same effect. Flax produces an oil that may protect root vegetables like carrots from some pests. Brassica oleracea Beans, celery, spinach, peas Mixture of Chinese cabbage, marigolds, rape, and sunflower. Spinach, peas One row of spinach alternating at 60 cm from each row of cauliflower proved mutually beneficial. See brassicas for more info. See peas regarding their mutualism with cauliflower. Bush beans, brassicas, cucumber Cosmos, daisies, snapdragons, tomatoes, cauliflower, cabbage, bush beans Whiteflies Corn, flowers Aster flowers, can transmit the aster yellows disease Common name Scientific name Helped by Attracts Avoid Comments Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla Brassicas, passion fruit
/ Maize Zea mays Beans, cucurbits, soybeans, tomatoes Sunflowers, dill, legumes (beans, peas, soybeans etc.), peanuts, cucurbits, clover, amaranth, white geranium, , lamb's quarters, morning glory, parsley, and potato, field mustard, Sudan grass Tomato, celery Provides beans with a trellis, is protected from predators and dryness by , in the technique Cucumis sativus Beans, kohlrabi, lettuce Kohlrabi, nasturtiums, radishes, marigolds, sunflowers, peas, beans, chamomile, beets, carrots, dill, onions, garlic, amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), celery, Beneficial for ground beetles Raccoons, ants Potato, aromatic herbs Sow 2 or 3 radish in with cucumbers to repel cucumber beetles. One study showed a 75% reduction in cucumber beetles with the concurrent seeding of amaranth. Various sprays from lettuce, asparagus, , and celery were found to reduce whiteflies. See cucurbits entry for more info Cucurbitaceae Corn Corn, grain sorghum are a that includes melons, cucumbers, gourds, pumpkins, and squash or Solanum melongena Beans, peppers, tomatoes, passion fruit Marigolds, catnip, dill, redroot pigweed, green beans, Marigolds will deter nematodes.
potatoes, eggplant, and others Abelmoschus esculentus Sweet potato, tomatoes, peppers Beans, lettuce, squash, sweet potato, peppers Okra and sweet potato are mutually beneficial when planted simultaneously. beans, brassicas, cabbage, broccoli, carrots, lettuce, cucumbers, peppers, passion fruit, strawberries. Green onions with Chinese cabbage. Carrots, beets, brassicas, dill, lettuce, strawberries, marigolds, mints, tomatoes, summer savory, chamomile, pansy Lentils, peas, See Alliums entry for more info Pastinaca sativa trees A variety of predatory insects The flowers of the parsnip left to seed will attract a variety of predatory insects to the garden, they are particularly helpful when left under fruit trees, the predators attacking codling moth and light brown apple moth. The root also contains Myristricin, which is toxic to fruit flies, house flies, red spider mite, pea a simple blender made extraction of
three blended parsnips roots to one litre of water through a food processor (not one for preparing food) and left overnight, strained and use within a few days. Pisum sativum Brassicas, turnip, cauliflower, garlic, Turnip, cauliflower, garlic, mints Colorado potato beetle Peas when intercropped with turnips, cauliflower, or garlic showed mutual suppression of growth however their profit per land area used was increased. Solanaceae, Okra Beans, tomatoes, marjoram,[] okra, geraniums, petunias, sunflowers, onions crimson clover, basil, field mustard Beans, kale (cabbage, Brussels sprouts, etc.) Pepper plants like high humidity, can be helped along by planting with some kind of dense-leaf or ground-cover companion, like marjoram and basil; they also need direct sunlight, but their fruit can be harmed by it...pepper plants grown together, or with tomatoes, can shelter the fruit from sunlight, and raises the humidity level. Sunflowers, when in bloom
at the right time, sheltered beneficial insects which lowered thrips populations. Solanum tuberosum Brassicas, beans, corn, peas, passion fruit Horseradish, beans, dead nettle, marigolds, peas, onion, garlic, thyme, clover Mexican bean beetle Atriplex, carrot, cucumber, pumpkin, raspberries, squash, sunflower, tomato Horseradish increases the disease resistance of potatoes. It repels the potato bug. Garlic was shown to be more effective than fungicides on late potato blight. Peas were shown to reduce the density of Colorado potato beetles. Common name Scientific name Helps Helped by Attracts Avoid Comments Cucurbita pepo Corn, beans Buckwheat, Jimson weed, catnip, oregano, tansy, radishes, nasturtiums spiders, ground beetles Potatoes Radishes can be used as a against flea beetles, cucurbita can be used in the technique. Nasturtiums repel squash bugs. Raphanus sativus Squash eggplant, cucumber, lettuce, peas, beans, pole beans, Chervil, lettuce, nasturtiums , Grapes Radishes can be used as a against flea beetles. Radishes grown with lettuce taste better. Glycine max Corn, snap beans, sunflower A mixture of corn, mungbean, and sunflower was found to rid soybeans of
dill, mustard, fenugreek, barley, carrots, eggplant, mints, okra, sage, thyme, "flower strips" Growing tomatoes with Basil does not appear to enhance tomato flavour but studies have shown that growing them around 10 inches apart can increase the yield of tomatoes by about 20%. One study shows that growing chili peppers near tomatoes in greenhouses increases tomato whitefly on the tomatoes. and Brassica rapa and Brassica napobrassica Peas, broccoli Hairy vetch, peas hedge mustard, knotweed Turnips act as a trap crop for broccoli. See peas regarding their mutualism with turnips. Fruit Common name Scientific name Helps Helped by Attracts Avoid Comments domestica Clover, chives, garlic, leeks, nasturtium, southernwood, daffodils, comfrey Cedar because of . Walnut because its roots produce growth inhibitors that apple trees are sensitive to Prunus armeniaca Peppers A fungus that peppers are prone to can infect
apricot trees causing a lot of harm. Vaccinium spp. Oak trees, pine trees, strawberries, clover, , dewberries, yarrow tomatoes Pine and oak create the acidic soil blueberries need. Strawberries and dewberries create healthy ground cover, clover fixes nitrogen for the blueberries' high needs, yarrow and bay laurel repel unhealthy insects. Each of the herbal companions listed also like the acidic soil the blueberry plant needs. Fruit trees Various Alliums, tansy, nasturtiums, marigolds, marjoram, lemon balm, mustards, dandelions, borage Hyssop, alyssum, basil, beans, chives, geraniums, mustards, oregano, Cabbage, garlic, radishes
clover, peas, blackberries Cucumis melo Chamomile, , summer savoury, sow thistle Passiflora edulis Potatoes, Swiss chard, carrots, spinach, strawberries, eggplants, onions, leeks, lettuce Cucurbits, maize, cowpea, sorghum, okra, sweet potatoes Pyrus spp. "Aromatic plants" Fragaria × ananassa Bush beans, lettuce, onions, spinach, passion fruit Caraway, bush beans, lupin, onions, sage, thyme, borage Slugs and snails. Brassicas, species (tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, peppers, melons, okra, mint, bush or bramble fruits, stone fruits, chrysanthemums, roses) Thyme planted and/or placed next to each other help grow more strawberries quickly. Herbs Herbs Common name Scientific name Helps Helped by Attracts Avoid Comments Pimpinella anisum Coriander Not to be confused with which is an entirely different species. Ocimum basilicum Tomato, peppers, oregano, asparagus, petunias, grapes Chamomile, anise Slugs and snails. butterflies asparagus beetle, hornworms, mosquitoes, and Common rue, thyme Is said to make tomatoes taste better, chamomile and anise are
supposed to increase the essential oils in many herbs like basil Borago officinalis Almost everything, especially beans, strawberry, cucurbits (cucumber, squash), fruit trees, tomatoes and cabbage Predatory insects, honeybees Many pests, tomato worm Predict a square metre for its adult size. Borage is a good companion for a wide variety of plants. Carum carvi Strawberries Parasitic parasitic flies Dill Nepeta cataria Eggplant Flea beetles, ants, aphids Matricaria recutita Most herbs, brassicas, cucumber, wheat, onion, cabbage , wasps Growing near herbs will increase their oil production. Anthriscus cerefolium Radish, lettuce, broccoli Aphids Radish Loves shade, fortunately it grows well with food plants; will make radishes grown near it taste spicier Allium schoenoprasum Apples, carrots, grapes, roses, tomatoes, brassica (broccoli, cabbage, mustard, etc.), many others Carrots Cabbage worms, , aphids, mites, nematodes Beans, peas Same companion traits as all alliums (onions, garlic, shallots, leeks, etc.)said to prevent apple scab after 3 years planting at base of apple trees
health of almost all plants, like borage and geraniums, is considered a "magic bullet" of companion planting Origanum vulgare Grapes, tomatoes, peppers, pumpkin, many other plants Basil Hoverflies/Syrphidae[61] Aphids Provides ground cover and humidity for pepper plants if allowed to spread among them. Because it attracts syrphidae, it reduces aphids through predation. Petroselinum crispum Asparagus, corn/maize, tomatoes asparagus, rose Swallowtail butterflies, wasps, flies Alliums, lettuce Sacrificially attracts insects that feed on tomatoes Mentha piperita Alliums, brassicas, cabbage, peas, tomatoes Cabbage root fly, ants, cabbage looper, aphids, onion fly Repels cabbage flies, has same general companion properties as other mints Rosmarinus officinalis Cabbage, beans, brassicas, carrots, thyme Bean beetle Deters cabbage flies, repels many bean parasites Common name Scientific name Helps Helped by Attracts Comments Salvia officinalis Brassicas, rosemary, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, carrots, strawberry, tomato, marjoram Honeybees, Cabbage flies, , black flea beetle, cabbage looper, cabbage maggot, repels many bean parasites Avoid any member of the allium family and common rue
Artemisia abrotanum Brassicas, fruit trees Controls cabbage moths and malaria mosquitoes. Mentha spicata Alliums, brassicas, cabbage, peas, tomatoes Ants, aphids, fly, cabbage root fly Controls ants and aphids, has same general companion properties as other mints. Urtica dioica Chamomille, mint, broccoli, tomatoes, valerian, angelica archangelica, marjoram, sage & peppermint Aphids Satureja hortensis Beans, melon, onions Also delays germination of certain foul Artemisia dracunculus Most vegetables, but especially eggplant Its scent is disliked by most pests, and this plant is also thought to have Nurse Plant properties, enhancing the growth and flavor of crops grown with it. Thymus vulgaris Brassicas, cabbage, eggplant/aubergine, potato, strawberry, tomato, Brussels sprouts Hoverflies/Syrphidae[61] Cabbage worm, cabbage weevil, cabbage looper, aphids, whitefly[] Because it attracts syrphidae it reduces aphids through predation. Artemisia absinthium Brassicas, carrots Ants Wormwood should be used with caution around most vegetables since it does
contain toxins. Achillea millefolium Many plants, "Most aromatic plants." Predatory wasps, ladybugs, hoverflies, Aphids May increase the essential oil production of some herbs. Also improves soil quality, use the leaves to enrich compost, or as mulch. Because it attracts syrphidae it reduces aphids through predation. Flowers Flowers Common name Scientific name Helped by Attracts -Repels/+distracts Avoid Comments Lobularia maritima Grapes, lettuce Syrphidae[61] and most beneficial insects Aphids Because they attract syrphidae they help reduce aphids through predation. Gypsophila paniculata Syrphidae[61] Aphids Because they attract syrphidae they help reduce aphids through predation. Monarda spp. Tomato Bees Eschscholzia californica Syrphidae[61] Aphids Because they attract syrphidae they help reduce aphids through predation. Dianthus caryophyllus Roses, lavender, echinacea, aster, foxglove Slugs Foxglove The sap, flowers, seeds, stems, roots and leaves of the foxglove plant are all toxic in vigorously growing shoots. Even if the plant parts are dried or
if ingested. The largest concentration of the toxin that makes foxglove poisonous occurs boiled, the toxic ingredients remain active. Pelargonium spp. corn, peppers, grapes Leafhoppers, Japanese beetles Tomatoes, tobacco, eggplants and nightshades A , attracting pests away from and grape vines, distracts beet leafhoppers, carrier of the curly top virus, keep away from plants like eggplant, and tobacco Delphinium spp. Beans, cabbage All parts of these plants are considered toxic to humans, especially the younger parts, causing severe digestive discomfort if ingested, and skin irritation Larkspur, especially tall larkspur, is a significant cause of cattle poisoning on rangelands in the western United States.. Larkspur is more common in and many ranchers delay moving cattle onto such ranges until late summer when the toxicity of the plants is reduced. is through cardiotoxic and neuromuscular blocking effects, and can occur within a few hours of ingestion. All parts of the plant contain various diterpenoid alkaloids, typified by methyllycaconitine, so are very poisonous
Lupinus Cucurbits, brassica, lettuce, rosemary, dill, strawberry, rose Summer savory, rose Honeybees Tomatoes and other solanaceae This wildflower is a legume, hosting bacteria that fixes nitrogen in the soil, fertilizing it for neighboring plants. Same with marigold, planting nearby roses causes them to grow vigorously. , , Most plants, especially tomatoes and peppers, cucurbits (cucumbers, gourds, squash, potatoes, roses, alliums, brassicas, zucchini Rose Snails and Root-knot nematodes, , cucumber beetle, squash bug, onion fly, cabbage root fly Marigolds are a of the companion plant world, invoking the saying "plant them everywhere in your garden". French marigolds () produce a pesticidal chemical from their roots, so strong it lasts years after they are gone. Mexican marigolds () do the same, but are so strong they will inhibit the growth of some more tender herbs. Stinking Roger () has also been found effective against certain perennial weeds. Same with lupin, planting nearby roses causes them to grow vigorously.
squash, tomatoes, fruit trees, brassicas, radish cucumbers Predatory insects Aphids, asparagus beetle, cabbage looper, cabbage worm, carrot fly, cabbage weevil, Colorado potato beetle squash bug, Japanese beetle, Mexican bean beetle, striped pumpkin beetles, whitefly, cucumber beetles flea beetle Cauliflower Trap crops for aphids, is among the best at attracting predatory insects, deters many pests of cucurbits Viola x wittrockiana Alliums, onions, roses Roses Bees, butterflies, ants Ants (with aphids), snails, white butterfly A good and nice-smelling flower that really attracts ants. It is like the plant, but has two or three colors in flowers. Helps alliums and onions, which repels the white butterfly. Petunia x hybrida Cucurbits (squash, pumpkins, cucumbers), asparagus Leafhoppers, Japanese beetles, aphids, asparagus beetle Is a trap crop almost identical to geraniums in function Phacelia tanacetifolia Plants which are prone to aphids, especially lettuce, tomato, rose hoverfly This plant attracts and is good around plants which are prone to aphids. Rosa spp. Chives, garlic, marigolds Helianthus annuus Peppers, corn, cucumber, soybeans, tomatoes, swan plant Swan plant Aphids Pole beans Was grown as a companion for corn (maize) before modern Europeans arrived in the Americas, supposedly increases their production, ants herd aphids onto sunflowers, keeping them off neighboring plants. Works as a trap plant for thrips keeping them off of bell peppers. Planting near swan plants help sunflowers grow rapidly. Common name Scientific name Helps Helped by Attracts -Repels/+distracts Avoid Comments Gomphocarpus physocarpus, Asclepias physocarpa, milkweed Sunflower Sunflower, basil Monarch butterfly Aphids Plants that attracts and Attracts the during spring and summer. Basil repels pests that attracts by the swan plant like aphids. Lathyrus odoratus Brassica, spinach, silverbeet and salads Bees Aphids An climbing plant, which is like the edible pea. Makes a
good decoration in your garden or fence. Tanacetum vulgare Beans, brassicas, cucurbits (cucumbers, squash, etc.), raspberries and relatives, roses, corn, fruit trees Ladybugs, honeybees flying insects(Ichneumonid ants, Japanese beetles, cabbage butterfly, cabbage maggot, asparagus beetle, carrot fly, striped cucumber beetles, Colorado potato beetle, cutworm, flea beetle, flies, imported cabbageworm, squash bugs, Toxic to people and many animals, don't plant it where livestock browse. Is reputed to generally repel insects (except for nectar-eating types). Zinnia tomatoes, peppers Whiteflies Attracts hummingbirds that eat whiteflies, attracts pollinators Other Other Common name Scientific name Helps Helped by Attracts -Repels/+distracts Avoid Comments Medicago sativa Cotton Assassin bug, big-eyed bug, , parasitic wasps Tomatoes, fava beans Used by farmers to reduce cotton a good crop to improve soil; fixes nitrogen like beans do. Also breaks up hardpan and other tough soil. Alfalfa has demonstrated some allelopathic effects to tomato seedlings Arachis hypogaea Beans, corn, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, marigold, melon and sunflower Peanuts encourage growth of corn and squash Many types of grass including Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). (sacrifice plant), hairy vetch, crownvetch, sericea lespedeza Apple trees, grasses Black walnut is harmful to the growth of all plants, including or Jimson weed, , , or belladonna, (, ), , , and .