Gratitude for Assistance from Ming China in the Imjin War devotion to the Ming – Samhwangje & etc. But then submission to the Manchus by 1630. 1630–1850: conservative “hermit kingdom” under philosophy of U-am Song Shi-yeol 尤庵 宋時烈 (1607–1689) – strict Neo-Confucianism enforced, Isolationism 1600s ~ 1800s Ming Treasure Voyages -- Admiral Zheng He East Asia goes to while Europe Awakens from long Dark Ages – starting 1400s 09 Tues 7/18 American and European Involvement in the 1800s 1839–42 The Opium War 第一次鴉片戰爭 or Anglo-Chinese War, was fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Empire. British Victory, expansion from Hong Kong; China humiliated. Japan: the Bakumatsu 幕末 or “Opening of Japan” 1853 ~ 1867. The final years of the “Edo Period” when the feudal-isolationist Tokugawa shogunate was defeated by the pro-imperial nationalists. Prelude to the pre-modern empire of the Meiji Period / Era 明治時代 1868 ~ 1912, of rapid modernization and expansion of the Empire of Japan. Catholicism intro and Persecutions late 1700s through 1800s. 1850–1910: Western contacts for Korea, introduction of Protestant Christianity Heungseon Daewon-gun or Yi Ha-eung, regent of Joseon during the minority of King Gojong, Powerful from the 1860s until his death in 1873 – seclusion policy against foreigners, Christians.
Great Persecution of 1866 – killing of thousands of Catholics, including 7 French priests. French navy attacks Ganghwa Island 1866, steals books – returned in 2006. 1866 USS General Sherman Incident American navy attacks Ganghwa Island 1871 Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 on Ganghwa Island – Busan & etc opened. Korea asks the advice of Yuán Shì-kǎi 袁世凱 (1859-1916), the Chinese general, Foreign Minister, politician, first formal President of the Republic of China, and (briefly) Emperor. He recommends America. 1882 Negotiations and Treaty with US Navy officers, then American Embassy in Seoul. “Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation” 朝美修好通商條約. King Gojong and his wife Queen Min / Minbi / Empress Myeongseong in power 1873-1895. All nations struggle over Korea, but only Japan, China and Russia have strong interest. Attempted reforms fail. the Donghak Rebellion fails 1894, leading to Cheondo-gyo Japan defeats China in 1895, and Queen Min was Murdered Christian Missionaries try to assist and inspire – but mostly in futility 10 Wed 7/19 Imperial Japan’s War against Korea, China & etc 1895-1945 part-1 “Independence” & “Empire” declared 1897. New Gate, Gojong “Emperor Gwangmu”. America takes the Philippines from Spain in 1898 Japan defeats Russia in 1905. USA just stands by. Taft-Katsura Memorandum 1905 Reactions to loss of sovereignty varied. Some cooperate, collaborate, others resist
14 Wed 7/26 Issues and Changes of the Recent Modern Era SK splitting away from the USA and the new cultural nationalism; the 2002 World Cup Revived relationships with China and continued bad relations with Japan Cultural aspects of Kim & Roh’s Sunshine Policy towards North Korea Revival of Conservatives, even as society becoming more Liberal Important ROK Presidents: 1948-1960 Syngman Rhee / Yi / I / Lee Seung-man 1961-1979 Park Chung Hee / Bak Jeong-hui 1980-1987 Chun Doo Hwan / Jeon Duhwan 1988-1992 Roh Tae Woo / No Tae-u 1993-1997 Kim Young Sam / Gim Yeong-sam 1998-2002 Kim Dae Jung / Gim Dae-jung 2003-2007 Roh Moo Hyun / No Mu-hyeon 2008-2012 Lee Myung Bak / I Myeong-bak 2013-2017 Park Geun Hye / Bak Geun-hye
2007-2016 Relations are good again with Lee Myung-bak & Park Geun Hye, Despite the increasing tilt towards China and troubles with NK. History of the Summer Olympic Games 1896 I Athens, Greece 1900 II Paris, France 1904 III St. United States [ 1906 III Athens – not recognized ] 1908 IV London, United Kingdom 1912 V Stockholm, Sweden 1916 VI Berlin, Germany 1920 VII Antwerp, Belgium 1924 VIII Paris, France I Chamonix, France 1928 IX Amsterdam, Netherlands II St. Moritz, Switzerland 1932 X Los Angeles, United States III Lake Placid, United States 1936 XI Berlin, Germany IV Germany 1940 XII Japan → Helsinki Finland V Sapporo Japan →St. Moritz Switzerland 1944 XIII London, United Kingdom V Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy 1948 XIV London, United Kingdom V St. Moritz, Switzerland 1952 XV Helsinki, Finland VI Oslo, Norway 1956 XVI Melbourne, Australia VII Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy 1960 XVII Rome, Italy VIII Squaw Valley, United States 1964 XVIII Tokyo, Japan IX Innsbruck, Austria 1968 XIX Mexico City, Mexico X Grenoble, France 1972 XX Munich, West Germany XI Sapporo, Japan 1976 XXI Montreal, Canada XII Innsbruck, Austria 1980 XXII Moscow, Soviet Union XIII Lake Placid, United States 1984 XXIII Los Angeles, United States XIV Sarajevo, Yugoslavia 1988 XXIV Seoul, South Korea XV Calgary, Canada 1992 XXV Barcelona, XVI Albertville, France 1994 XVII Lillehammer, Norway 1996 XXVI Atlanta, United States 1998 Nagano, Japan 2000 Sydney, Australia 2002 XIX Salt Lake City, United States 2004 XXVIII Athens, Greece 2006 XX Italy 2008 XXIX Beijing, China 2010 XXI Vancouver, Canada 2012 XXX London, United Kingdom