1900 there have been great improvements and rapid progress in medicine and health. The main reasons which help to explain this are….. Activity 2 Factors that help us to understand why change took place in Medicine 1900-present. Role of Individuals Individuals such as Marie Curie (radiotherapy), Alexander Fleming (Penicillin) and Crick and Watson (DNA) continued to investigate and make breakthrough discoveries to further medical thinking in causes, preventions and cures for illness. New Ideas about causes and cures of illness (such as hereditary and life cycle factors) have further developed with the discovery of antibiotics such as penicillin and continued research into methods such as gene therapy. Role of Government Government involvement in health care has continued to grow in the 20th Century especially as a result of the introduction of the National Health service (NHS) in 1948 and its continued expansion of health care services. FACTORS OF CHANGE 1900-2015 Science and Technology Rapid advances in science enabled scientists to discover the building blocks of human life, DNA, and technological developments (such as computerisation) and new techniques made new techniques possible. War The First World War 1914-18 and the Second World War 1939-45 encouraged governments to increase spending, research and experiment as new and better ways to treat casualties of war were sought. Communication and Education There was a huge increase in the education of General Practitioners and Hospital Doctors and surgeons, and greater training and communication within the medical profession and with government.
Activity 10 Why did things begin to change in approaches of treatment and prevention of illness by 2000? Explain why treatment and prevention of illness began to change 1900-2000 by completing the following mind map using the sorting activity below. 1 Individuals Curie led research in radiography in the 1920s and Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin in 1928. Crick and watson were two scientists who discovered the structure of DNA in 2 New ideas In 1953 the discovery of DNA began a revolution in thinking about the causes and treatments of illness and disease. The discovery of DNA in 1953 began a change in ideas in searching for causes and treatments based on gene therapy and genetic engineering. 3 Government In 1911 the Liberal Government introduced The National Health Insurance Act which insured those who paid were covered for basic medical treatments. In 1948 a Labour Government the role of Government increased massively in Health Care with th formation of the NHS. Reasons why approaches to treatments began to change in the 20th Century 4 Science and technology Scientific research led to the development of chemical treatment, antibiotics, new vaccines and genetic diagnosis and treatment. Technological developments became an aid to research, diagnosis and treatment eg X Rays, endoscopes, computers and specialist machines. 5 War High numbers of casualties in the FWW 1914-18 created a climate for greater government involvement in health, with a Ministry for Health being established in 1919. High proportions of civilians and military casualties brought about by the SWW 1939-45 established a demand for greater government involvement in Health care services. 6 Communication/Education Medical information is shared between all active participants including universities, government, drug companies and centres of specialist research. The education of GPs has increased rapidly 1945 with upto date referencing and a doctors surgery intent on educating patients too. Activity 11
Extent of change in methods of doctors. On a copy of the graph below plot a line to show the extent of change and continuity in the methods which doctors have fought against disease during the 20th century and label significant events on the graph. 1 Old treatments continue such as herbal remedies, acupuncture and healing, and vaccinations have continued to develop since the 19th Century. 2 In 1913 Behring discovered and developed a vaccine to prevent diphtheria. 3 In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin which could kill a variety of bacteria inside the human body. It was not mass produced until 1944. 4 In 1953 Crick and Watson discovered DNA, and there is an ongoing revolution in gene therapy and genetic engineering which is still in its infancy. 5 Since 1945 thousands of antibiotics have been developed to kill a range of different bacteria inside the human body. 6 In 1905 Paul Ehrlich discovered a chemical that could kill syphilis bacteria, Salversan 606. This was the first magic bullet chemical cure or antibiotic. Activity 12 Exam questions 2 Explain one way in which people’s explanations of the causes of illness were similar in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 4 marks 3 Explain why there was rapid change in the treatment of illness in Britain during the twentieth century.You may use the following in your answer: •penicillin •high-tech treatment You must also use information of your own. 12 marks Answer EITHER Question 4 OR Question 5. EITHER 4 ‘There was huge progress in medicine in Britain during the twentieth (c1900–c2000).’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 16 marks + 4 SPAG. You may use the following in your answer: Penicillin
Trigger Memory Story Medicine 1900-2015 The story must be very imaginative. It must involve you seeing, talking and doing things. It must link the ten trigger words together in the form of a continuous story. You should then rehearse the story and commit it too your long term memory to be recalled when necessary. This will take some effort but will be very useful! Use different colours to write the trigger words in your story. I was...