Some Action Verbs may not seem like to have a lot of “action,” but they are, nonetheless, Action Verbs: to love, to have, to think, to need, to wait, to wonder, to imagine, to evaluate, to challenge, to worry, etc. State of Being or Linking Verb – a verb that expresses existence and/or the condition of that existence. Linking verbs function like an equals sign in math (2 + 2 = 4). Some Linking Verbs: to be, to appear, to seem, to to become, to feel, to smell, to look I am happy. I = happy seems ok to me. Jason = ok (to me) The food tastes good. food = good Baxter appears distressed Baxter = distressed about this job change. He smells bad. He needs a shower. What are the verbs? Are they linking verbs or action verbs? Conjugating – To “conjugate” a verb simply means to use the verb in its many forms. There are six basic “persons” in which every verb can be used (conjugated): 3 in singular & 3 in plural. Action Verb (Present Tense) To Walk (infinitive form) Present Singular Plural 1st Person I walk We walk 2nd Person You walk You (all) walk 3rd Person He, she, it walks They walk To Swim (infinitive form) Present Tense Singular Plural 1st Person I swim We swim 2nd Person You swim You (all) swim 3rd Person He, she, it swims They swim
Linking Verb (Present Tense) To Be (infinitive form) Present Tense Singular Plural 1st Person I am We are 2nd Person You are You (all) are 3rd Person He, she, it is They are To Seem (infinitive form) Present Singular Plural 1st Person I seem We seem 2nd Person You seem You (all) seem 3rd Person He, she, it seems They seem Action Verb (Past Tense) To Walk (infinitive form) Past Tense Singular Plural 1st Person I walked We walked 2nd Person You walked You (all) walked 3rd Person He, she, it walked They walked To Swim (infinitive form) Past Tense Singular Plural 1st Person I swam We swam 2nd Person You swam You (all) swam 3rd Person He, she, it swam They swam Linking Verb (Past Tense) To Be (infinitive form) Past Tense Singular Plural 1st Person I was We were 2nd Person You were You (all) were 3rd Person He, she, it was They were
Should the bookstore open at 8 AM See pages 181 – 182 and p 208 for lists of subordinating conjunctions (or dependent words). HOMEWORK: Write 8 compound sentences. Go to the DC 1 webpage and print the “8 Compound Sentences Homework Sheet.” your sentences on the first page – “8 Run On Sentences” – with no punctuation at all. Fill in the second page – “8 Compound Sentences” – with the same sentences BUT WITH the correct punctuation as well as the subject underlined once and the verb underlined Come to class with two copies of each. Also, print two copies of the “8 Complex Sentences Homework Sheet.”
NS + Vi NS + LV + NSC Write these sentences on the second line only for each number leaving the top line blank. Do not include the punctuation, not even the apostrophe for possession. Do not include the sentence keys. On the second page, write the same sentences again on the second line for each number BUT this time DO INCLUDE the proper punctuation (including for possessives) and the Sentence keys on the top line. Come to class with two copies of each. Wednesday 3/8 – Unit IV, Lesson 18, 19 – Adjectives and Adverbs Fix the Paragraph #2 – Finish in Do work in class with “Work Sheet – Trans, Intrans, & LV in class sample.” Adjectives (L-18) – Adjectives describe, or modify, They give shape, size, color, etc. to a noun thereby making it specific. I just saw the biggest, scariest, one-eyed, one-horned, flying, purple Label the sentence according to the function of each word, or group of words. Descriptive Adjectives – answers which one; could come after or before the noun My blue fountain pen is on the tall desk in the far room. Many people, both poor and rich, give generously to this small non-profit group. Point out the comma punctuation around the adjectival phrase separating the NS from the Vi. Possessive Adjectives – modifies the noun based on to whom, or to what, the noun belongs. adjustment to the motorcycle’s engine fixed the stalling problem. NOTE: Stalling is an adj, which comes up in the later adjectival heading under Verbal Adjectives (verb + -ing). Nominal Adjectives – working as adjectives; they answer which one?
QUIZ C – Trans/Intrans, Possessives, Adjectives, Adverbs Review Prepositional Phrases Review Perfect Tenses – page 50. Review Part 4 (V-ed) a.k.a. Past Participle form. Reference irregular verbs on p. 76. Progressive Tenses (L-11) – (form of be + verb-ing) Use the aux (or helping verb) to be with any verb ending in –ing to indicate that an event is continuing. Present Progressive – use present tense of be (am, is, are) and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing) I am buying 20 books this week. Bob is working 6 hours today. Past Progressive – use past tense of be (was, were) and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing) I was buying 20 books per week. Bob was working 6 hours today. Future Progressive – use will (or shall) with be and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing) I will be buying 20 this week. Bob will be working 6 hours today. Perfect Progressive Tenses (L-11) – (form of have +been + verb-ing) to indicate that an event started in the past and is still continuing. Present Perfect Progressive – use have with past participle of be (been) and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing) I have been buying 20 books each week. Bob has been working 6 hours each day. Past Perfect Progressive – use had with past participle of be (been) and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing) I had been buying 20 per week. Bob had been working 6 hours today. Future Perfect Progressive – use will (or shall) with have, add past participle of be (been) and -ing form of verb (Part 5 V-ing) I will have been buying 20 books per week by the time this year ends. Bob will have been working 6 hours when we finally speak with him. Go to page 57 in the textbook. Modals (L-12)
Singular nouns Plural nouns (see workbook p 49 and **Textbook p 345**) usually simply add –s to make a noun plural nouns ending in ch, sh, s, x, z need –es to make them plural. irregulars – see pg 345 in textbook. wife wives child children knife knives woman women mouse mice man men goose geese foot feet alumnus alumni tooth teeth datum data medium media curriculum curricula thesis theses Collective: a noun that a thing made of many parts is treated as a singular noun even though it expresses a plural idea. flock, family, jury, team Mass (Uncountable; Non-count): cannot be used with an –s or –es ending water, salt, news, butter, furniture, smoke, money Compound nouns: If not hyphenated, ad –s or –es. jumpsuits hencoops drainpipes If hyphenated, the main word (usually the first word) is pluralized. fathers-in-law breaths-of-life mayors-elect Non-hyphenated but . . . the attorneys general Common Nouns/Proper Nouns Common: All the general of the world. Proper nouns: Person – Mrs. Chen, John Abernathy, Father Carlos, Prince Edward – Montana, Orange County, The Huntington Library – April, May, June, etc. Day – Monday, Tuesday, etc. Street – Hubbard St, Sunset Blvd., etc. Company – Honeywell International, Budweiser, Activision, etc. Publication – The Wall Street Journal, War and Peace, Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, etc. in Apposition – when a noun directly follows another noun and is serving the function of renaming that first noun, that second noun is an appositive noun. Workbook, p. 87
Leftover in the schedule Negatives and Questions (L-13) ------------ NEGATIVES Not is an adverb You will not go. Not modifies the verb go. Most times you will need to use an auxiliary verb when using not. I go. I not go. or I am not I jumped the line. I not jump the line. or I did not jump the line. The people vote this Wednesday The people not vote this Wednesday. The people will not vote this Wed. Do not use a double negative. I am not to no flea market with my sister. INCORRECT I am not to the flea market with my sister. CORRECT And . . . when using not in a past or present tense sentence, the aux. verb carries the tense. Positive Negative Present Tom runs for president this year. Tom does not run for president this year. Past Tom ran for president this year. Tom did not run for president this year. Future Tom will run for president this year. Tom will not run for president this year. However, the verb to be can be used without the aux verb. Positive Negative Present I am famous in this town. I am not famous in this town. Past I was famous in this town. I was not famous in this town. Future I will be famous in this town. I will not be famous in this town. Contractions: can not = can’t do not = don’t will not = won’t