Year 9 Geography PPE - Revision What you need to revise: The living World Ecosystems – revision guide pages 28-29 Tropical Rainforest – revision guide pages 30 – 36 (cases study Amazon rainforest) Hot Desert – revision guide pages 39 – 44 (case study Western desert, not the Sahara) Issues and Challenges Nigeria - revision guide pages 92-94
Problems in Lagos Sort out these problems and place on the flow diagram of ‘Problems in Lagos’ Large rubbish dumps contain illegal and toxic waste Traffic congestion is really bad. It can take up to 2 hours to travel in the city in the rush hours known as ‘go slow’ Houses in the shanty towns such as Makoko are made of flimsy materials and are built on stilts in the lagoon. There are few primary schools in the shanty town areas and is very expensive to send your child to school. For some families it is unaffordable. Communal toilets are shared by up to 15 households There are not enough formal jobs for all migrants. Many people work informally for example scavenging in the Olusosun rubbish dump for things to sell Factory emissions are not controlled leading to air and water pollution Only the wealthiest homes have a piped water supply. Other poorer areas have to share communal water points up to 3km away from the residential areas Richer households use diesel generators to produce electricity but can often run out of diesel and supply in garages can be unreliable
High levels of and areas of slums are self-policed by ‘Area Boys’ Electricity supply in poorest comes from illegal connections that often cut out. There is no system to deal with waste from factories is high unemployment in state owing to the influx of people from every corner of the country are no sewage systems and raw sewage is ejected into the lagoon causing health problems such as cholera Only 40% of rubbish is officially collected 60% of the population live in slums like Makoko Lack of sanitation basic facilities in the slum areas Slum housing is found on illegally occupied land (it doesn’t belong to them). It is often marshy poorly drained land that no one else wants to build on The government would like to waterfront location to serve the richer residents off Lagos with businesses, homes and services Diseases which are not treated increase the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and death rates lowering life expectancy The infrastructure is targeted for improvement with clean running water and a sewerage system this will help the population become better educated. Lack of health care means fertility rates are high (the average number of children per woman). This makes it harder to provide basic services as the population is constantly increasing. Income to be divided amongst very large families meaning there is little to continue children’s education. Less than 10% of Makoko’s population are even educated at primary school. Without an education is hard for Makoko residents to escape the ‘cycle of poverty’ Few people from Makoko continue into further education and most likely work in the informal employment. As so many people work in the informal sector they do not pay taxes so there is little money from tax to invest in education and healthcare for such a youthful population Some people in Makoko work in the fishing industry but the waters here are highly polluted nboth from sewage and as a waste dump for the city. Fishing is often hazardous and unproductive as there are so little fish left. The government want to demolish this settlement and rebuild and redevelop the area into a waterfront attraction The government have not considered the rehousing of the slum dwellers The demolition of Makoko will lead to shanty towns in the city growing in size and put under pressure as the Makoko residents will have nowhere else to go