Table 1 Studies included in the review and meta-analysis Participants Sample Design Intervention Support Measures Country *Andersson et al. (2005) Adults, met criteria for MDD + score 15-30 MADRS-S 117 community sample RCT: 5 Modules of CBT - ID netCBT TS by email - feedback after each module BDI MADRS-S Sweden CCBT + DB, n = 57 DB only, n = 60 Cavanagh et al. (2006) Adults referred by GP 219 primary & secondary care sample Open Trial 8 Modules of CBT - SA BTB AS - 5 min F:F beginning and end of sessions, clinical helper (receptionist or administrator). CORE-OM U.K. Cavanagh et al. (2011) Adults referred to CCBT service 295 primary care sample Open 8 Modules CBT – ID BTB AS - end of sessions 0-10 mins F:F, checking progress report and support. Service volunteers PHQ-9 U.K.
Christensen et al. (2002) Adults who completed at 1 instance of GDS 1574 community sample Open Trial 5 Modules of CBT - ID MoodGYM NS GDS Australia *Christensen et al. (2004) & MacKinnon et al. (2008) Adults, self-reported depression on K-10 >22 525 community sample RCT: 5 Modules of CBT - ID MoodGYM AS - Weekly phone call to direct use of website by lay interviewers CES-D Australia BluePages, n = 166 CCBT, n = 182 Control, n = 178 Christensen et al. (2006) Adults, self-reported elevated scores on GDS 2231 community sample RCT: Participants Randomized to six versions of CCBT CBT - ID MoodGYM NS GDS Australia *Clarke et al. (2002) Adults depressed + non depressed from primary care 299 primary care sample RCT: 7 Modules CBT - ID ODIN NS CES-D U.S. CCBT, n = 144 TAU, n = 155 *Clarke et al. (2005) Adults depressed + non depressed from primary care 255 primary care sample RCT: 8 Modules CBT - ID ODIN NS CES-D U.S. CCBT+PCR, n = 75 CCBT+TEL, n = 80 TAU, n = 100 *Clarke et al. (2009) Young Adults (18-24) depressed and 160 primary care sample RCT: CCBT+PCR, n = 83
from primary care TAU, n = 77 *de Graff et al. (2009) & deGraff et al. (2011) Adults, BDI ≥16 + CIDI-auto to confirm diagnosis 303 community sample RCT: 8 Modules CBT - ID Colour Your Life NS BDI Netherlands CCBT, n = 100 CCBT+TAU, n = 100 TAU, n = 103 Fox et al. (2004) Adults referred by GP 56 primary care sample Open Trial 8 Modules CBT - SA BTB AS - clinical helper F:F, clinical and technical issues BDI U.K. (2004) Adults with 10 days absent from work +GHQ ≥4 48 work place sample RCT: 8 Modules CBT - SA BTB NS HADS U.K. CCBT+TAU, n = 24 TAU, n = 24 Hunt et al. (2006) Adults referred by GP 164 primary care sample Open Trial 8 Modules CBT - SA BTB AS - assistant psychologist F:F, 5 mins per session BDI U.K. * Holländare et al. (2011) Adults, partial remitted depression. interview + 84 community sample RCT: CCBT, n = 42
*Meyer et al. (2009) Adults, included participants who completed at least 50% of BDI 396 community sample RCT: 12 Modules CBT Deprexis NS BDI Germany CCBT+TAU, n = 320 TAU, n = 76 Mitchell and Dunn (2007) & Mitchell (2009) Adults referred by GP, or through adverts. BDI ≥14 27 secondary care sample Open Trial 8 Modules CBT - BTB AS - F:F administrative during sessions BDI U.K. Ormrod et al. (2010) referred to mental health care service 23 secondary care sample Open Trial 8 Modules CBT – ID BTB AS - F:F community psych nurse or occupational therapist monitored sheets at end of sessions BDI U.K. Perini et al. (2008) Adults, PHQ-9 score + met criteria for MDD, assessed by MINI 13 community sample Open Trial 6 Modules CBT + DB - ID Sadness Program TS - Therapist email after each completed lesson PHQ-9 DASS Australia *Perini et al. (2009) Adults, PHQ-9 + met criteria for MDD, assessed by MINI 45 community sample RCT: 6 Modules CBT + DB - ID Sadness Program TS - Therapist email feedback after each completed lesson BDI PHQ-9 Australia CCBT, n = 29 WL, n = 19
Pittaway et al. (2009) Adults referred from GP + CORE-OM (excluded on risk 50 secondary care sample Open Trial 8 Modules CBT – ID BTB AS - F:F Research coordinator, not clinical CORE-OM U.K. *Proudfoot et al. (2003) & Proudfoot et al. (2004) Adults, GHQ-12≥4 + CIS-R≥12 274 primary care sample RCT: 8 Modules CBT - SA BTB AS - F:F practice beginning and end of sessions BDI U.K. CCBT, n = 146 TAU, n = 128 Purves et al. (2009) Adults referred by GP or secondary care professional 100 primary/ secondary care sample Open Trial 30 episodes of CBT – SA BluesBegone NS BDI U.K. Richards et al. (in review) Adults, scores 14-29 BDI 101 secondary care sample RCT: 8 Modules CBT - ID BTB NS - CCBT TS - ECBT weekly emails BDI Ireland CCBT, n = 51 ECBT, n = 50 Robertson et al. (2006) Adults referred from public and private clinics 104 Open Trial 12 Modules CBT RecoveryRoad TS DSS Australia *Ruwaard et al. (2009) Adults, BDI score 45 community sample RCT: 11 Modules CBT – ID TS - Therapists email feedback after each session BDI SCL-90-R Netherlands CCBT, n = 36 WL, n = 18 RCT:
*Spek, Nyklicek et al., (2007) & Spek, Nyklicek et al., (2008) Older adults (50+) with subthreshold depression, EDS>12 & F:F CIDI 301 community sample 8 Modules CBT - ID Colour your Life CCBT, n = 102 GCBT, n = 99 WL, n = 100 Thompson et al. (2010) Adults with epilepsy, >13-38 on CES-D 53 sample from epilepsy clinic RCT: 8 Modules CBT - ID, delivered in groups AS - Sessions facilitated by layperson and a master of public health student, supervised by clinical psychologist BDI U.S. Internet intervention, n = 12 Phone intervention, n = 13 WL, n = 27 *Titov et al. (2010) Adults, PHQ-9 score 10-23, if >2 on item 9 (suicide) excluded 141 community sample RCT: 6 Modules of CBT - ID Sadness Program TS - weekly email or telephone contact with clinican, therapeutic. email or telephone contact not clinical BDI PHQ-9 Australia CCBT-T, n = 47 CCBT-C, n = 49 WL, n = 45
et al. (2010) Adults with traumatic brain injury + ≥12 PHQ-9 21 outpatient clinic sample Open Trial 6 Modules CBT – ID MoodGYM AS - Weekly phone contact to direct use of website and assess depression PHQ-9 CED-D Canada Van Bastelaar et al. (2011) Adults with diabetes, CES-D score ≥16 255 RCT: 8 Modules CBT – ID Feedback email on homework from health psychologist CES-D Netherlands CCBT, n = 125 WL, n = 130 Van den Berg et al. (2004) Adults, GHQ-12≥4 115 secondary care sample Open Trial 8 Modules CBT - SA BTB AS - F:F beginning and end of sessions administrator Self-rated depression weekly. CORE-OM U.K. *Van Straten et al. (2008) Adults, no inclusion or exclusion used 213 community sample RCT: 5 Modules of PST - ID AS – feedback end of each session, master level psychology students feedback on exercises, not therapeutic CES-D MDI Netherlands PST, n = 107 WL, n = 106 *Vernmark et al. (2010) Adults, score 14-32 on MADRS-S, + F:F SCID-I-CV interview 88 community sample RCT: n = 30 Self-help, n = 29