Nov 1274 and Aug 1281 (kamikaze, 4000 ships lost) population reduction, debauchery of everything. But one great result: Printing! Tripitaka Koreana / Palman-daejang-gyeong 高麗八萬大藏經 carved on Ganghwa-do 1236-51 to Haein-sa 1399) 81,000 blocks! 52mil words! Taejo Seong-gye coup, founded the Joseon Dynasty 1392-1910 Radical Neo-Confucianism as the state ideology Hanyang (Seoul) becomes capital Ming Relations, meaning of Joseon, white pine trees 06 Wed 7/12 The Origin, Progress and Consequences of the Imjin War King Sejong 世宗大王 (r.1418-50) – Han-geul, science, good-Gov Yulgok Yi I – scholar-official who advocated a strong Korean Military, was sadly ignored 1592–1630: invasions by Japan & Manchus, destruction & theft of Arts. Imjin War 壬辰倭亂 suddenly invasion by Hideyoshi, lasts 1592-98. defence by groups & Buddhist monks; Masters Seosan 西山大師 & Samyeong-dang 四溟堂 leads to Namhan-Sanseong 9 temples Naval victories by Chungmu-gong Yi Sun-shin 忠武公 Martial Loyalty Lord 李舜臣 Non-gae 論介 and the Cult of Loyalty. She killed a famous Japanese General (but who?) in 1593 at the Uiam 義巖, "righteousness rock" of Family rewarded and Shrines built. Assistance from Ming China 1593 and 1598. Gratitude for that. But then submission to the Manchus by 1630. 07 Thurs 7/13 American and European Involvement in the 1800s 1630–1850: conservative “hermit kingdom” under philosophy of U-am Song Shi-yeol 尤庵 宋時烈 (1607–1689) – strict Neo-Confucianism enforced, devotion to the Ming – Samhwangje & etc. 1839–42 The First Opium War 第一次鴉片戰爭 or Anglo-Chinese War, was fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Empire. British Victory, expansion from Hong Kong; China humiliated. Japan: the Bakumatsu 幕末 or “Opening of Japan” 1853 ~ 1867.
The final years of the “Edo Period” when the feudal-isolationist Tokugawa shogunate was defeated by the pro-imperial nationalists. Prelude to the pre-modern empire of the Meiji Period / Era 明治時代 1868 ~ 1912, of rapid modernization and expansion of the Empire of Japan. Korea: Catholicism intro and Persecutions late 1700s through 1800s. 1850–1910: first Western contacts for Korea, introduction of Protestant Christianity Heungseon Daewon-gun or Yi Ha-eung, regent of Joseon during the minority of King Gojong, Powerful from the 1860s until his death in 1873 – seclusion policy against foreigners, Christians. Persecution of 1866 – killing of thousands of Catholics, including 7 French priests. French navy attacks Ganghwa Island 1866, steals books – returned in 2006. 1866 USS General Sherman Incident American navy attacks Ganghwa Island 1871 Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 on Ganghwa Island – Busan & etc opened. Korea asks the advice of Yuán Shì-kǎi 袁世凱 (1859-1916), the Chinese general, Foreign Minister, politician, first formal President of the Republic of China, and (briefly) Emperor. He recommends America. 1882 Negotiations and Treaty with US Navy officers, then American Embassy in Seoul. “Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation” 朝美修好通商條約. 08 Mon 7/17 Imperial Japan’s War against Korea, China & etc 1895-1945 King Gojong and his wife Queen Min / Minbi / Empress Myeongseong in power 1873-1895. All nations struggle over Korea, but only Japan, China and Russia have strong interest. Attempted reforms fail. the Donghak Rebellion fails 1894, leading to Cheondo-gyo Japan defeats China in 1895, and Queen Min was Murdered Christian Missionaries try to assist and inspire – but mostly in futility “Independence” & “Empire” declared 1897. New Gate, Gojong “Emperor Gwangmu”. America takes the Philippines from Spain in 1898
Gwangju Rebellion – US fault? Anti-Americanism rises on the left. 1986-8 USA supports Democracy Movement, passively. 88 OLYMPICS diplomacy! 1989-94 USA supports Roh Tae-woo & Kim Young Sam, but much anti-Americanism. Korea opens, exports soar! Exchanges, English teachers. 1995-2002 Good relations, although GWBush didn’t support Kim Dae-jung’s Sunshine. NK nuclear weapons crisis. 2002-2006 Anti-Americanism revives with Noh Moo-hyun; “Yankee Go Home”. 2007-2016 Relations are good again with Lee Myung-bak & Park Geun Hye, Despite the increasing tilt towards and troubles with NK. History of the Summer Olympic 1896 I Athens, Greece 1900 II France 1904 III St. Louis, United States [ 1906 III Athens – not recognized ] 1908 IV London, United Kingdom 1912 V Stockholm, Sweden 1916 VI Berlin, Germany 1920 VII Antwerp, Belgium 1924 VIII Paris, France I Chamonix, France 1928 IX Amsterdam, Netherlands II St. Moritz, Switzerland 1932 X Los Angeles, United States III Lake Placid, United States 1936 XI Berlin, Germany IV Germany 1940 XII Tokyo Japan → Helsinki Finland V Sapporo Japan →St. Moritz Switzerland 1944 XIII London, United Kingdom V Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy 1948 XIV London, United Kingdom V St. Moritz, Switzerland 1952 XV Helsinki, Finland VI Oslo, Norway 1956 XVI Melbourne, Australia VII Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy 1960 XVII Rome, Italy VIII Squaw Valley, United States 1964 XVIII Tokyo, Japan IX Innsbruck, Austria 1968 XIX Mexico City, Mexico X Grenoble, France 1972 XX Munich, West Germany XI Sapporo, Japan 1976 XXI Montreal, Canada XII Innsbruck, Austria 1980 XXII Moscow, Soviet Union XIII Lake Placid, United States 1984 XXIII Los Angeles, United States XIV Sarajevo, Yugoslavia