02 Tues 12/26 Early Korean Buddhism in the Three Kingdoms First “Golden Age” of Korean Culture in Late 3 Kingdoms Formation of the Sam-han, and Lolang Commandery 108 BC under Emperor Han Wu-ti. Introduction of Chinese Iron-Age Culture, Kingship and Buddhism by missionaries and trade; “one package theory” 4th Cen Chinese Buddhism – its state-oriented and protective-guardian character – Hoguk Bulgyo Inwang-gyeong “Benevolent King Sutra” The Three Kingdoms 三國時代 early conditions and cultural formation of Goguryeo 高句麗 (north) Baekje (SW) Shilla 新羅 (SE) Stele of Goguryeo King Gwanggaeto was erected near his tomb in 414 by his son King Jangsu, in what is today the city of Ji'an along the Yalu River. Granite, ~7 meters tall, ~4 meters wide, 1802 Classical Chinese characters. Major primary source extant for the history of Goguryeo. magic, healing, faith & rituals Missionaries – Hwasang Resistance / acceptance issues – story of King Beobheung and Yi Cha-don Grey unglazed stoneware pottery remains as Shilla’s shamanist ceramic style. Korean monks went to north and to study under the greatest Masters Great Master-Monk Won-gwang 圓光法士 (to Ch 589, return 599, traveled through Sui) 5 Principles of Hwarang-do: (demonstrates “one package” theory) Loyalty to king, parents & friends; fight w/o retreat; kill only when necessary and then with compassion Hwangryong-sa built by King Jinpyeong in 558 palace temple for Wongwang
Koreanization of Buddhism; Daoism, Confucianism and Shamanism blended in Early transmission of culture to – royalty, Hyecho tutors crown prince @600 Sui attack Goguryeo 612-16, repulsed by General Eulji Mundeok 乙支文德 Seondeok (r.632-47) and Jindeok (r.647-54) poem-letter to Tang Emp Great Master-Monk Jajang-yulsa 慈藏律師 590-658) genius, but rejected office. went to 636, returned 643 established Vinaya / yul – rules of Monastic Order established Royal Office of Buddhism, registration of Monks and Wutai-san – met Munsu-bosal – relics – – as Holy-Land relics in Diamond Altar at Tongdo-sa and four other temples in north-east SK gave Buddhist names to mountains along East Coast built Jeokmyeol-bogung temples and other temples said he found “Mother of Munsu-bosal” on Munsu-bong Peak of holy Taebaek-san advised building of 71-meter Pagoda at Hwangryong-sa 皇龍寺 “Unification of Korea” 663~677 created by General Kim Yu-shin 金庾信 under Great Kings Taejong Muryeol 太宗 武烈王 (r.654-61) and Munmu 文武大王 (r.661-681) & Shilla defeat Goguryeo & Baekje in 680s, Chinese occupy Baekje but are driven out called the Unified Shilla Dynasty Tong-il Shilla 統一新羅 (668 CE - 935 CE) the in former Goguryeo territory lasts 699-926. 03 Wed 12/26 First “Golden Age” of Korean Culture under Unified Shilla
Early Joseon (1390–1591) society and politics, the rise of the Yangban clans; Neo-Confucian doctrine & Culture established with radical social changes (strict patriarchy, clan-lineages, primogeniture and etc); King Taejong (r.1400-1418) oppressed the seoja and Buddhism 07 Tues 1/03 The Peak of the New Joseon Order – Third Golden Age Middle of Joseon Dynasty – Philosophical Responses to Wars King Sejong 世宗大王 (r.1418-50) – Han-geul, science, good-Gov King Sejo (r.1455-68) / (killed Danjong) – became devout Buddhist, made system of Laws King constrained by advisors – Wangdo ideals – Sarim-pa radicals got influence, but then were purged – Jo Gwang-jo (1482-1519). Factionalism! Toegye Yi 退溪 (1501-70) Korea’s greatest philosopher Orthodox, followed Chu Hsi exactly. Made 10 Diagrams of Sage Learning rival with Yulgok Yi I 栗谷李珥 (1536-84) – his mother Shin Saimdang 申師任堂 (1504-1551) artist, Eomeoni "Wise Mother" Baekja white w/blue porcelain pottery, Chinese-style paintings & arts by Yangban aristocrats Hanbok Hanshik Heo Jun 許浚, 1546 – 1615) Doctor who adapted Chinese herbal & etc medicine to Korean plants & conditions, Dongui bogam the key text of Traditional Korean medicine. Influence spread to China and Japan as one of the classics of Oriental medicine, still today. Worked for royal family but also treated common people, used han-geul. Exiled to southwest. 1592–1630: invasions by Japan & Manchus, destruction & theft of Arts. Imjin War 壬辰倭亂 suddenly invasion by Hideyoshi, lasts 1592-98. defence by local groups & Buddhist monks; Masters Seosan 西山大師 & Samyeong-dang 四溟堂 leads to Namhan-Sanseong 9 temples