Case Study Strategy – Integrating a Gendered Perspective in International Engagement. As Defence strengthens and increases its international engagement and collaboration footprint, there are growing opportunities to build consideration of the WPS agenda into its international engagement framework. To this end, in May 2017, the Defence Strategic Policy Committee endorsed a new strategy for integrating a gender perspective into all international engagement activities conducted by Service International Engagement, Strategic Policy Division and International Policy Division. The strategy builds on Defence’s achievements to date and will ensure a continued focus on mainstreaming a gender perspective through the following lines of effort: policy and process; people-to-people links; training; infrastructure and exercises and operations. Incorporating a gender perspective into Defence’s International Engagements highlights the and depth of Defence’s commitment to UNSCR 1325, as captured in policy such as the National Action Plan and DFAT’s Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Strategy. Defence’s strong and demonstrable commitment to the WPS agenda, as enacted through international engagement policy and activities, is likely to have a positive influence on those countries that we engage with, while also ensuring that Defence meets Government expectations of a stronger, more innovative international engagement footprint. Case Study Australia’s Foreign Policy White Paper, 2017 This is the foreign policy white paper in 14 years and it set outs the interests, priorities and values which will guide Australia’s international engagement over the next decade and beyond. Gender equality is identified as a top foreign policy priority and a core Australian value. Gender equality is a foundational commitment of Australia’s aid program, reflecting more than 40 years of Australian effort in support of women’s and girls’ empowerment in our region and globally. The White Paper is clear – ‘gender inequality undermines global prosperity, stability and security. It contributes to, and often exacerbates a range of challenges, including poverty, weak governance, conflict and violent extremism’ (p93). The White Paper also links Australia’s foreign policy priorities to Australia’s commitments under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. These include goals 5 on gender equality and goal 16 on Peace, justice and strong institutions.
INTEGRATE A GENDER PERSPECTIVE INTO AUSTRALIA’S POLICIES ON PEACE AND SECURITY 1b. Status of the development of guidelines for the protection of civilians, including women and girls. Within this reporting period, the Australian Government further operationalised the protection of civilians aspects of UNSCR 1325 and related resolutions, through the development of dedicated guidelines, tools and procedures across departments and agencies. These efforts demonstrate a strong commitment to empowering women as agents of durable peace, stability and inclusive sustainable development. While much of this work builds on achievements from previous reporting periods, in January 2016, the Chief of the Defence Force and Commissioner of the AFP signed Australian Guidelines for the Protection of Civilians, which provide clear guidance on the protection of women and girls, in situations of armed conflict and other situations of violence. The guidelines were coordinated by the Australian Civil Military Centre (ACMC) through an Interagency Working Group, they demonstrate the degree to which government and non-government agencies are working together to develop documents that encompass a broad range of stakeholder perspectives and priorities. In this reporting period, ACMC also launched a project to develop a ‘Protection of Civilians Manual’. This manual consolidated best-practice guidance for the protection of civilians in both disaster and conflict contexts. Case Study: ADF involvement in developing Protection of Civilian Standard Operating Procedures to assist Asia-Pacific Multinational Force operations The Multinational Force in the Asia-Pacific region is an alliance of countries who work together, in times of conflict and/or crisis, to support operations in our local region, especially humanitarian and disaster relief operations. ADF Gender Advisers played a leading role in the 2017 Multinational Force Standard Operating Procedure development program which was conducted in Thailand. Key outcomes for 2017 included the development of the ‘Protection of Civilians’ chapter and ‘Gender Annex’ of the Standard Operating Procedures, which guide Multinational Force operations in the Region. ADF personnel’s expertise in WPS, gender and protection helped to shape Multinational Force operational frameworks and procedures, which will ensure that gender and protection is factored into all future Multinational Force activities within the Asia-Pacific region. Pacific Asia-
Case Study: Occupation-specific efforts to increase woman’s representation, Air Force Loadmaster. In 2016, Commander Air Mobility Group delivered a directive to increase women’s participation in the Load Master occupational group. This initiative had a strong WPS focus, noting the critical role that Loadmasters play in humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, search and rescue, survivor assistance and aeromedical evacuation activities; all of which involve close interaction with women, men and children from local populations. The Air Mobility Group Commander felt that an increased presence by women crew members is likely to improve interactions with people and communities in those countries most impacted by disaster; and in doing so, improve the ADF’s operational success. Initiatives to increase women’s representation include targeted recruitment, supported by improved education about the role; improved mentoring and training; as well as an increased focus on retention. As a result of these activities, which commenced in 2016, by mid-2018 12 of 37 Squadron’s 33 Loadmasters will be women, which reflects a 36% participation rate which is likely to increase further, due to the growing interest generated by female-focused recruiting strategies and education campaigns. No. 36 Squadron Loadmaster, Sergeant Dianne Hall positions equipment inside the cargo compartment simulator, during an afternoon of simulation and training. Source: Australian Defence
Annex B – Strategy 2: Sex disaggregated data on deployed personnel as at 31 Dec 2017 2a. Number of Australian Government employees (military, police and APS personnel) deployed and posted to conflict and post-conflict settings; disaggregated by sex, department and DFAT DEPLOYMENTS (Bagdad, Dili and Kabul) Total number deployed Number women deployed Number men deployed 49 21 28 Women Men APS4 - 2 APS4 - 0 APS5 - 1 APS5 - 3 APS6 – 10 APS6 – 5 EL1 – 7 EL1 – 10 EL2 – 1 EL2 – 7 Medical Officer level 4 - 1 SES – 0 SES – 2 Total - 21 Total - 28 DEFENCE DEPLOYMENTS: number deployed Number women deployed Number men deployed 1960 323 1637 AS AT 31 DEC 2017, DEPLOYED WOMEN WERE SERVING ON THE FOLLOWING AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE OPERATIONS: Operation ACCORDION – 122 Operation MANITOU – 50 Operation MAZURKA – 7 Operation HIGHROAD – 44 Operation ASLAN – 4 Operation RESOLUTE – 14 Operation PALADIN – 3 Operation OKRA – 77 Operation SOUTHERN DISCOVERY – 2
AFP DEPLOYMENTS: Level Total number deployed Number of women deployed Number of men deployed % of women deployed % of men deployed Team Leader 108 37 71 34.3% 65.7% Team Member 74 20 54 27.0% 73.0% Executive 33 6 27 18.2% 81.8% Senior Executive 8 1 7 12.5% 87.5% TOTAL 223 64 159 28.7% 71.3%
Activity name Funding Amount Activity description and Objectives Global: Women’s, Peace and Humanitarian Fund (WPHF) (formerly the Global Acceleration Instrument on Women, Peace and Security and Humanitarian Action (GAI)). $5.5 million, 2015-2019 The WPHF is a pooled funding mechanism that aims to enhance women’s engagement, leadership and empowerment across all phases of peace and development with opportunities for CSOs to access funding. Global: Humanitarian Response Preparedness - International Planned Parenthood Federation SPRINT has been delivered in three phases, totaling $26.3 million: • SPRINT 1 - $5.8 million (2007-2011) • SPRINT 2 - $11.0 million (2012-2016) • SPRINT 3 - $9.5 million (2017-2019) The SPRINT program aims to enhance enabling environments supportive of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in humanitarian settings. It also builds preparedness and supports response. Global: Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention Youth Leaders Forum – Mines Action Canada $12,000, 2017 The project supported a delegation of young women from different geographic regions to participate in the 16th Meeting of States Parties of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention as members of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines delegation. Timor-Leste: Training women for community leadership positions. $120,000, 2015-2017 Fundação Pátria, an advocacy and women’s empowerment NGO, trained and mentored potential women candidates; worked with female Chefe Sukus (elected chief administrators) with a doubling of women elected to Chefe Suku positions. Indonesia: Program Peduli (Satunama $896,000, 2015-2016 The program works with the community to resolve inter-communal religious-based conflict in Tambora, West Nusa Tengarra.
Activity name Funding Amount Activity description and Objectives Myanmar: Capacity- building for women’s roles in conflict resolution and building - $2 million, 2015-2017 $1.97 million, 2017-2018 Paung Sie Facility (PSF) funds CSO activities that directly contribute to social cohesion and harmony. Myanmar: Alliance for Gender Inclusion in the Process (through Peace Support Fund) (Nyein (Shalom) Foundation, Gender and Development Initiative, WON/ WIN-Peace). $849,194, 2015-2017 Project aimed to secure greater participation of women in peace negotiations and to ensure the outcomes of the peace process are gender inclusive. Myanmar: Promoting of towards establishment of peaceful and stable society in the Rakhine State (Rakhine Women’s Union). USD $119, 579, 2015-2016 The project established a cadre of peace-making leaders to train other community members to engage in peer education within their communities. Sri Lanka: Women Taking Leadership in Post-War Reconciliation. $37,400.00, 2016-2017 The Association of War Affected Women held workshops on conflict resolution, post-conflict peace building and transitional justice. Pakistan: Increasing women’s leadership capacity in peace- building in local communities. $100.000, 2016-2017 The PAIMAN Alumni Trust (a local CSO) provided training for 150 women on leadership, conflict resolution, peace building, and livelihood skills development. Pakistan: Addressing violent extremism through capacity building of vulnerable and radicalised and their mothers. $100,359, 2015-2016 The activity aimed to prevent violent extremism through conflict mapping, de-radicalisation, and gender responsive warning and early response systems. Afghanistan: Towards Institutional Development and Stability (Afghan Women’s Network). $3.3 million, 2014-2017 Project aims were to strengthen and expand women’s networks and to increase opportunities for rural and urban Afghan women to influence and contribute to decision-making.
Department of Defence Engagement Activities with Civil Society Engagement activity Description Gender Advisor Network Defence co-convenes a quarterly, whole-of-government GENAD network, with civil society participation, to provide a forum for staff working in the WPS field to share experiences and develop and propagate best practice. Defence Implementation Plan (DIP) Working The DIP Working Group comprises representatives from key Defence Groups and Services to facilitate and monitor progress on the NAP. Civil Society is currently represented on this working group by the Australian Council for International Development (ACFID). Operation Fiji Assist 2016* See page 37 and case study under 4a. Operation Render Safe (RS16) OP RS16 was a joint and multinational operation for assistance to Solomon Islands Government which was held over the period 05 September – 07 October 2016. The Operation entailed removing Explosive Remnants of War, promoting interoperability and enhancing relationships with Solomon Islands. HMAS CANBERRA Port call to Fiji. In August 2016, a WPS workshop was initiated by HMAS Canberra, with representatives from Royal Fiji Military Forces, Non-Government Organisations and Defence Foreign Affairs and Trade. Gender and Protection in Humanitarian Action Training In November 2016, an ADF GENAD participated in the Pacific Humanitarian Protection Cluster training on invitation from UN Women. ACMC Whole of Government workshop on WPS Representatives from the ADF, ACMC, DFAT and other agencies collaborated to deliver a workshop aimed at developing best practice in WPS issues. Exercise Suman Protector 2017 (EX SP 17) 25 Sep – 5 Oct 2017. EX SP is a activity designed to exercise a Combined Joint Task Force HQ in the planning of a Joint Campaign at the Operational Level. The aim of EX SP 17 was to enhance interoperability and strengthen the professional relationship between the Defence Forces of the FPDA nations. The exercise was conducted at the Malaysian Army Wargaming Centre in Gemas, with Malaysia designated the host nation and New Zealand designated the assisting nation. This exercise was an opportunity for the ADF to demonstrate the value of the military GENAD and civilian Policy Advisor (POLAD) appointments in the planning process within the FPDA CJTF including specifically at the Commanders Advisory Group (CAG) level.
Activity and date Location Description of Activity Papua New Guinea – Australia Police Partnership (PNG – APP) professional development opportunities Papua New Guinea Through the New Guinea-Australia Policing Partnership the Australian Federal Police (AFP) aims to improve the rule of law through strengthening the capability of the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC). Addressing violence against women and promoting gender equity is a major theme within this partnership. In 2017, the AFP facilitated a variety of professional development opportunities for women, particularly in leadership and management. This includes the National Defence, Police and Emergency Services Women’s Leadership Summit; Women’s Forum Goroka; YWCA Young Women Leaders forum; AIPM Women Leaders in Public Safety; International Women and Law Enforcement Conference; Pacific Women’s Gender Advisor’s Forum. There has also been positive community engagement by female RPNGC members educating community members on issues such as how to report gender-based and domestic violence, the role of the RPNGC, and how to access victim services. Community engagement on these issues has also been initiated online through a RPNGC WAN Facebook page with logistical support and training provided to administrators. The PNG-APP continues to have a dedicated Gender Advisor who primarily works alongside the National Coordinator of the Women’s Desk in Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea – Australia Police Partnership (PNG – AFP Advisory Network Papua New Guinea The AFP has been especially successful in assisting the to in re-establishing their Women’s Advisory Network resulting in 22 coordinators being appointed across the country with one of the goals being to more effectively address gender inequity within the organisation. The AFP has also assisted in the provision of development opportunities for the RPNGC women including leadership training at the AIPM.
Activity and date Location Description of Activity Solomon Islands Police Development Program (SIPDP) Solomon Islands The AFP is primarily responsible for implementation of the SIPDP and has made a concerted effort to introduce a gender perspective to the program. The SIPDP has a dedicated Gender Advisor (GA) working across a number of RSIPF portfolios. The GA has spent the first six months establishing the position and engaging with key stakeholders internally and externally to enable gender issues to be identified, discussed and actioned, where possible. The Royal Solomon Islands Police Force (RSIPF) executive has approved funding to create a Family Violence (FV) Central Coordination hub for the FV Coordinators located throughout Solomon Islands. The FV Hub will be located at Central Police Station and aims to provide advice and guidance to all FV coordinators on the Family Protection Act, training, reporting and ensuring compliance. Solomon Islands Police Development Program Women’s Network Forum October 2017 Solomon Islands In early October 2017, the GA organised a women’s network forum, attended by over 60 RSIPF officers. During the forum, a number of attendees expressed concern at not having driving licences and having to rely on other RSIPF members to drive them around. When asked, 70% of the women indicated they would like the opportunity to learn to drive and obtain their licences. Over the coming months, women will be offered the opportunity to gain their licences and learn how to drive. This will increase the capacity of females to drive and aims to improve the confidence and self-sufficiency of female officers. Timor- Leste Police Development Program (TLPDP) program to improve responses to gender violence Leste The AFP delivers the TLPDP which aims to support the Policia Nacional de Timor-Leste (PNTL) efforts to build its organisational strength and sustainability. From January to June 2017, the TLPDP supported the organisation Psychosocial Recovery and Development in East Timor (PRADET) to facilitate a Gender-based Violence Investigations training program to five districts. The training increased PNTL member’s knowledge of violence, vulnerable groups, and domestic violence laws. TLPDP has also assisted with information system improvements which have allowed for domestic violence related offences and statistics to be more effectively captured and for reports to be run by the gender of both victims and offenders. This has led to a significant increase in reported domestic violence incidents and provides useful gender statistics to the PNTL executive.
Activity, date Location Activity and outcome Inter-Agency Standby Capacity Support Project (ProCap) and Gender Standby Capacity Project (GenCap), 2016-2017 Global These initiatives deploy senior protection and gender specialists to increase capacity and collaboration between humanitarian agencies globally. ProCap and GenCap also provide protection and gender training on context-specific analysis and program design. ProCAP Advisers support the strategic and operational humanitarian protection response for internally displaced people and other vulnerable populations. GenCap builds capacity of humanitarian actors to mainstream gender across all response sectors. Outcomes ProCAP training programmes apply the Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action and Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings. In 2016, GenCap provided technical support to the UN and partners responding to the Syrian refugee crisis and reviewed the global handbook on gender in humanitarian action. Funds: $1.4 million ($700,000 each to ProCap and GenCap) Partners: Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Norwegian Refugee Council. Prevention and Response to Sexual and Violence in Humanitarian Emergencies Partners: UNICEF, Global The Gender-Based Violence Area of Responsibility (GBV AoR) is the global level forum for coordination of, and guidance on gender-based violence prevention and response in humanitarian and other crisis settings. It involves many partners including UN agencies, donors, non-governmental agencies, academics and independent gender-based violence experts to ensure efficient, predictable and accountable approaches to global gender based violence prevention and response. Outcomes: In 2016, gender based violence AoR disseminated global guidelines on how to prevent and respond to gender based violence. Funds: $400,000
Activity, date Location Activity and outcome Disability Inclusion and Gender Violence, Partner: Women’s Refugee Commission Global The Women’s Refugee Commission (WRC) initiatives strengthen the capacity of disabled peoples’ organisations and humanitarian organisations to include and respond to the needs of women and girls with disabilities. Outcomes: In 2016, the WRC played a pivotal role in the development of the Charter on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action. In 2017, it has been an important contributor to the development of guidelines to support the Charter’s implementation. Funds: $570,000 SPRINT (Sexual and reproductive health program in crisis and post-crisis settings), stage 3, December 2016 – December 2019 Partners: International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) Fiji, Tonga, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Yemen, Uganda, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Vanuatu The SPRINT initiative provides life-saving sexual and reproductive health services in emergencies, including for survivors of sexual and violence. Outcomes: In 2016, SPRINT provided essential services for women and children affected by Tropical Cyclone Winston in Fiji. In 2017, SPRINT responded to: Tropical Cyclone Gita in Tonga, displacement in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Yemen, Uganda and Niger; floods/landslides in Sri Lanka and Nepal; and volcano-related displacement in Vanuatu. Funds: 2016-2017, $5 million
Activity, date Location Activity and outcome Humanitarian Research - Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), 2009-2017 Partners: Pacific Centre for R2P (APCR2P), Monash University Asia Pacific region DFAT has funded the Asia-Pacific Centre for R2P since 2009 to promote and build regional support for the international R2P principle. The Centre has pioneered initial research on the links between atrocity crimes and sexual and gender-based violence, and on the intersection of the R2P and women, peace and security agendas. The third phase (September 2015 – September 2017) focused on the practical implementation of R2P and established a prevention of sexual violence unit with Monash University. The unit will develop a framework for early warning and assessment around mass sexual and gender-based violence support use regional security sector reform to improve the protection of women and girls. Outcomes: In 2016, the Centre worked with the ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women and Children to establish a long-term partnership agreement and secure the first ASEAN statement of commitment to R2P. In 2017, the Centre hosted national representatives of the ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women and Children for a five-day fellowship program on Advancing Gender, Peace and Security (GPS) in ASEAN. Funds: 2016, $431,666
Activity, date Location Activity and outcome Women Peace and Security Global Facility (Global Facility) Phase 1 March 2017; Phase 2 December 2018 Global The goal of the Global Facility is to strengthen the implementation of peace and security frameworks. It provides technical capacity, resources and knowledge to accelerate implementation, promote accountability and effectiveness and facilitate women’s participation and leadership in all areas of conflict prevention, resolution and Phase 2 funding will support activities to prevent violent extremism, female military officers training and activities to support women’s participation in conflict prevention, conflict resolution and recovery. Outcomes: During the reporting period, the Peacebuilding Commission adopted its gender strategy and the Security Council established an Informal Experts Group on Women, Peace and Security. The Global Facility provided technical and policy advice to help Ukraine develop its first National Action Plan on implementing UNSCR 1325. The Global Acceleration Instrument (now the Women’s Peace and Humanitarian Fund now WPHF) was established. WPHF outcomes are reported separately. Funds: Phase 1 March 2015-December 2017, $4 million (includes $1.5 million for the establishment of the WPHF/GAI) Phase 2 December 2017-December 2018, $2 million
Activity, date Location Activity and outcome Increasing the capacity of women’s leadership in peace- building in communities in Pakistan, 9 May 2016 - 30 June 2017 Partner: Alumni Trust (a local CSO) Pakistan This activity aimed to promote women’s leadership role in peace building at the community level. Project was implemented in areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa that are affected by violent extremism. Outcomes: 150 women were trained in leadership, conflict resolution and peace building, in conjunction with livelihood skills development. Funds: $100,000 Addressing violent extremism through capacity building of vulnerable and radicalised youth and their mothers, Aug 2015 – Aug 2016 Partner: PAIMAN The project aimed to prevent violent extremism through conflict mapping, de-radicalisation, and gender responsive early warning and early response systems. The project engaged provincial and local government officials, the police, media and community organisations. Outcomes: Five female and three male trainers were trained in psychological analysis, identity, peace- building, mediation, and citizenship. This paved the way for de-radicalisation training of vulnerable youth. Funds: $100,359.00 Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF- BA) for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Baluchistan – Border Areas, April 2010-Dec 2020 Partners: Bank administered, other funders are Denmark, EU, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, UK, and USA. Pakistan The Fund was established at the request of the Government of Pakistan to support response to the Post Crisis Needs Assessment, a 10-year development, peace building and stabilisation plan for Pakistan’s border regions with Afghanistan. It aims to support a responsive and transparent state that is stable, consultative and trusted by its citizens. Gender mainstreaming and are key cross-cutting themes. Outcomes: The education and economic outcomes are addressing drivers of conflict, violence and instability in the region. Funds: $56.3 million (USD$49 million of the total SD$245.3 million)
Activity, date Location Activity and outcome Local Empowerment Through Economic Development (LEED) 2016 – 2017 Partner: International Labour Organization. Sri Lanka This project fisheries and agricultural cooperatives in conflict-affected northern Sri Lanka with export supply chains. Employment and increased incomes for war-affected women have been created by facilitating partnerships with public and private sectors. Outcomes: The establishment of a crab processing in Poonakary has provided employment to local women who otherwise had limited or no job opportunities. Small-scale farms have been rehabilitated, including support to sell produce and development support for businesses that has assisted more than 500 farmers (60 per cent are women and mostly war widows). $0.4 million Women in Local Government Program, 2016-2021 Partners: International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) and Search for Common Ground Sri Lanka The program supports the Sri Lankan Government’s newly introduced 25 per cent quota for women representatives in local government. The program works with government, political parties, police and the media to implement the new quota. Outcomes: More than 450 Sinhalese, Tamil and Muslim women from across Sri Lanka have taken part in training to help build campaign skills. They joined a roundtable discussion with senior media representatives to promote women’s political participation. A social media campaign to encourage women’s electoral participation, including a short film, a police handbook on women and election security have been produced. Training for political parties on women’s representation has been conducted. Funds: $1.3 million Counselling and support for female headed households in Northern Province –2016-2017 Partner: NGO Child Development Initiative (CDI) Sri Lanka The project focuses on psychosocial counselling, sustainable development and empowerment of war- affected households and children. Outcomes: Fifty female-headed households in three districts in the Northern Province were provided with psychosocial support and counselling. This included mothers and wives of those who went missing during the last stages of the war. Their households were also provided with livelihood support. Funds: $24,200
Activity, date Location Activity and outcome Integrated Gender Based Violence and Reproductive Health Programme Rakhine State, June June 2016 Partner: UNFPA Myanmar Support for the operation of six mobile clinics across Rakhine state targeting villages and communities in the north, where there are currently no GBV or reproductive health specific programs. The expected overall caseload is approximately 60,000 pregnant and lactating women. violence in the target area has compounded the problems of the lack of access to social services, including reproductive health. Domestic and sexual violence against is pervasive and includes sexual and other forms of violence perpetrated by the military. Outcomes: Identified outcomes are quality health services provided for pregnant and lactating women and survivors of GBV; and strengthened state and community capacity to identify and prevent harm to women and girls. Funds: $1 million Research - Preventing Conflict and Countering Violent Extremism through Women’s Empowerment and Civil Society Mobilisation in Indonesia Partner: Monash Gender and Security Initiative Indonesia This research project examined women’s views, roles and influence in communities that have experienced fundamentalist ideologies and political violence. on a pilot project in Indonesia, it created practical strategies to prevent violent extremism (PVE). Outcomes: Report: Policy Brief Funds: $195,480.60