very large section, including numerals). The book is of additional interest because it gives valuable evidence of contemporary language in the Korean explanations ana in the preface. The second was the Ahakp’yŏn (兒學編) of Chŏng Yag-yong (丁若鋪) better known as Tasan 茶山 the great would-be reformer. In 1907 it was reedited by Chi Sŏg-yŏng (see above page 41; he was also the pioneer of vaccination in Korea) who added Japanese and English explanations with the English, Japanese and Chinese readings transcribed in Korean script. These all represent attempts to supplant the old Thousand Characters of Chou Hsing-szu with a more rational primer. It is interesting that none of them ever succeeded, and it is the Chinese classic, not the Korean pedagogic improvements, which alone can be readily obtained in Korea today. [page 62] Literary 上 去 入 name 上 下 Colloquial name used in teaching verse 平 上 or 仄 composition Colloquial Description 얕은 높은 Korean ideal of pronunciation short long Chinese Tone 平 上 去 Name 陰 陽 Chinese tone number 1 2 3 4 5 Characters with final ᄀ, ᄅ or ㅂ. [page 63] APPENDIX II TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL CHARACTERS USED AS KUGYOL (口訣) 可巨古果那飛尼多代加刀斗 가거고과나나니다대더도두 時申士牙也里於言叱余亦五 시신소아야에어언엇여여오
Of what worth is a cubit of jasper? An inch on the sundial outweighs it. 17a cf 詩經 III. II. viii. 17b ie there were good ministers, cf 詩 II. iv. ii. 19b The Four Great are Tao or the Way, Heaven, Earth, and the king, The Five Everlasting are: magnanimity, righteousness, the rites, wisdom, and good faith; or the five relationships of Mencius: father and son (intimacy), ruler and vassal (justice), husband and wife (proper distance), senior and junior (precedence), friend and friend (trustfulness). 20b ie the body inherited from one’s parents. 25a ref 墨子 III. 25b ref 詩 I. II. vii. Lambswool was white and worn by worthy ministers. The phrase 黑羊 was therefore used in early Korean and Chinese bibles for the Lamb of God. It is still in liturgical use by the Anglican and Roman Catholic churches. 29cf 易經 II, 文 App I. 30The Great Yu was very sparing of time; cf 淮南子 原道 and 晉書陶侃傳. [page 71] Honour thy father and serve thy liege lord, We are told to respect and revere them. Exert all your strength to be filial, Lay down your life to be loyal. 33 Like treading ice, or the edge of a grimpen, Rise early to care for their comfort, Yielding far-reaching fragrance like orchids, Growing strong like the flourishing pine, Like the unresting flow of a river, Like deep waters, shining in sunlight. Your mien will be calm if your thoughts are, And your words measured out with composure. Zeal from childhood is comely indeed, And ought to endure to the last. Tis the base of a lifetime of glory And lasting unlimited fame. The study of these brings promotion To managing matters of state. 40 In life you’ll be like the sweet-pear tree When you’re gone, still your praise will continue. As music differs in court and cottage, The Rites mark off the noble from the lowly. 42 Let the lords be in concord, the people keep peace ; Let the husband sing and the wife accompany; Boys receive training from teachers, Girls honour their mother’s example. Let all sisters and brothers of father Regard their nephews as sons. Cherish ever the love of your brothers,