Alcoholic beverages PFOS PFOA 6 6 (63) 6 (63) 100 83 83 - 0.0087 0.0048 - 0.013 0.0065 spices and condiments PFOS PFOA PFHxS 8 8 8 100 100 100 - - - - - - Food for infants & small children PFOS PFOA PFHxS 21 21 10 100 100 100 - - - - - - Composite food PFOS PFOA PFHxS 45 45 (381) 38 100 98 100 - 0.0004 - - 0.071 - Snacks, desserts & other foods PFOS PFOA PFHxS 46 46 46 100 100 100 - - - - - - Drinking water PFOS PFOA PFHxS 372 (456) 367 (451) 300 (384) 89 84 88 0.0005 0.001 0.0007 0.0025 0.0027 0.0021 *Number of reported analyses, number of samples in brackets when adjusted for number of samples in composites #Means were calculated by weighting the results for pooled samples; where 100% samples were non-detects the LB, UB means were not presented in the EFSA report at the major food group level, but were assigned at the sub food group level. Occurrence data for Europe for meat and fish by sub food group (EFSA 2012) Chemical Number of samples* % non-detects# Mean LB concentration (µg/kg)# Mean UB concentration (µg/kg)# Meat and meat products PFOS PFOA PFHxS 3215 (6460) 3221 (6494) 683 (3928) 64 86 99 29.5 0.78 0.001 30.0 1.6 0.21 Meat & meat products (unspec) PFOS PFOA 15 (15) 15 (15) 15 (15) 100 100 100 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Livestock meat PFOS PFOA PFHxS 232 (1418) 232 (1418) 183 (1369) 91 95 99 0.0086 0.0061 0.0002 0.12 0.13 0.081 Poultry PFOS 150 (735) 97 0.0097 0.14
Additional occurrence data for PFOA for Europe by major food group (2012-16) Foods Country Year Number and type samples** Mean PFOA concentration (µg/kg)# Reference Grain and grain-based products Belgium Sweden Spain 2012 2010 2011 3 group NS pastries NS other NS bakery NS other 0.055 0.018 0.062 <0.11 <0.12 Cornelis et al. 2012 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012a Vegetables and vegetable products Belgium Sweden Belgium Czech Reb Italy Spain 2012 2010 2011 2011 20112011 36 group NS group NS whole group NS whole group NS group NS whole group 0.65 0.022 0.0103 0.0019 0.0025 0.37 Cornelis et al. 2012 Vestergren et al. 2012 Herzke et al. 2013 Herzke et al. 2013 Herzke et al. 2013 Domingo et al. 2012a Starchy roots and tubers Belgium Sweden Spain 2012 2010 2011 6 whole group NS potatoes NS group 0.67 0.057 <0.36 Cornelis et al. 2012 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012a Legumes, nuts and oilseeds Spain 2011 NS whole group <0.26 Domingo et al. Fruit and fruit products Belgium Sweden Spain 2012 2010 2011 11 whole group NS group NS whole group 0.43 0.015 <0.360 Cornelis et al. 2012 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012a Meat and meat products Belgium Sweden Spain 2012 20102011 7 pork 5 poultry 7 other NS whole group NS whole group 0.055 0.055 0.52 0.012 <0.3 Cornelis et al. 2012 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012a Fish and other seafood Belgium Sweden Spain 2012 2010 2011 27 marine 26 freshwater 652 crust & molluscs NS whole group NS whole group 28 marine 0.59 0.78 3.34 0.05 2.6 <0.6 Cornelis et al. 2012 Vestergren et al. 2012
Greece Finland 2011 2009 4 crustacea 8 molluscs 253 marine 23 freshwater 20 farmed <0.6 <0.6 <0.39-1.8 <0.23 <0.37 Domingo et al. 2012a Vassiliadou et al. 2015 Koponen et al. 2014 Milk and products Belgium Sweden Spain Italy^ 2012 2010 2011 2011 9 NS whole group NS milk NS other 67 cows milk 0.12 0.029 0.39 0.19 0 - 0.032 Cornelis et al. 2012 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012a Barbarossa et al. 2014 Eggs and egg products Belgium Sweden Netherlands Greece 2012 2010 2011 2013 2013 8 whole group NS whole group NS whole group 73 median 45 median 0.86 0.039 <0.39 1.1 0.5 Cornelis et al. 2012 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012a Zafeiraki et al. 2016b Zafeiraki et al. 2016b Sugar and confectionary Sweden 2010 NS whole group 0.013 Vestergren et al. 2012 Animal and veg fats & oils Belgium Sweden Spain 2012 2010 2011 2 whole group NS whole group NS whole group 0.091 <LOQ <0.140 Cornelis et al. 2012 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012a Alcoholic beverages Belgium 2012 5 beer 0.006 Cornelis et al. 2012 Food for infants & small children Spain^ Italy Spain^ France^ France ^ 2012 2013 2013 2013 2010/2013 10 breast milk 16 infant formula 13 dry cereals 12 baby food 49 breast milk 40 breast milk 48 breast milk 61 breast milk 0.177 0.415 0.179 0.216 0.16 0.054 0.075 0.041 Lorenzo et al. 2016 Guerannti et al. 2013 Guzmàn et al. 2016 Antignac et al. 2013 Cariou et al. 2015
Drinking water Belgium Spain 2012 2011 4 30 0.002 0.0024 Cornelis et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012b *No additional data for Fruit and vegetable juices, Herbs, spices and condiments, Food for infants & small children, Composite food or Snacks, desserts & other foods. # Numerical value given for LOD/LOQ if quoted in the study (eg <0.1 µg/kg), otherwise given as <LOD/LOQ if value not reported ^ Cow milk, breast milk data in µg/L ** NS Number of samples not specified ## Median concentration Additional occurrence data for PFHxS for Europe by major food group (2012-16) Foods* Country Year Number and type samples** Mean PFHxS concentration (µg/kg)# Reference Grain and grain-based products Sweden Spain 2010 2011 NS pastries NS other NS bakery NS other <LOQ <LOQ <0.0006 <0.0006 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012 Vegetables and vegetable products Sweden Belgium Czech Reb Italy Spain 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 NS incl root veg NS group NS group NS whole group NS group 0.0012 0.0003 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0045 Vestergren et al. 2012 Herzke et al. 2013 Herzke et al. 2013 Herzke et al. 2013 Domingo et al. Starchy roots and tubers Sweden Spain 20102011 NS potatoes NS whole group <LOQ <0.0019 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. Legumes, nuts and oilseeds 2011 NS whole group 0.0013 Domingo et al. and fruit products Sweden Spain 2010 2011 NS whole group NS group <LOQ <0.0019 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012a Meat and meat products Sweden Spain 2010 2011 NS group NS whole group 0.0045 0.0032 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. 2012a Fish and other seafood Sweden Spain Greece 2010 2011 2011 NS whole group NS group 28 marine 4 crustacea 8 molluscs 0.0092 0.045 <0.18 <0.18 <0.18 Vestergren et al. 2012 Domingo et al. Vassiliadou et al. 2015 Milk and dairy products Sweden 2010 NS whole group 0.001 Vestergren et al. 2012
Estimated dietary exposure to PFOS Country Date Population Mean/median PFOS dietary exposure# ng/kg bw/day High (P95) PFOS dietary exposure# ng/kg bw/day Reference Comment EUROPE Europe (data UK, Germany) 2008 All 60 (indicative) 1 - 4 10 - 100 30 - 200 EFSA 2008 German Total Diet Study UK Diet Study Europe (13 countries, ≥2 day records)* 2012 Infants Toddlers children Adolescents Adults Elderly Very elderly 0.29 - 11 0.58 - 14 0.59 - 10 0.32 - 5.3 0.27 - 5.2 0.41 - 3.7 0.40 - 4.1 7.0 - 12 2.1 - 29 2.3 - 19 1.7 - 12 1.4 - 10 1.7 - 8.2 1.5 - 6.7 EFSA 2012 Major contributors were fish and other seafood, fruit and fruit products, meat and meat products across all age groups (LB model) France 2011 Adult general population High seafood consumers Pregnant women (coastal) Pregnant women (other) 0.00 - 0.66 1.53 - 2.45 4.05 - 5.25 0.03 - 0.77 0.00 - 1.15 4.42 - 6.5 4.88 - 6.37 0.08 -1.42 Yamanda et al. 2014 Major contributor was fish and other seafood, esp freshwater fish Belgium 2012 Children 3- 5 years Adults ≥ 21 years 57.1 24.2 96.6 40.9 Cornelis et al. 2012 Major contributors were potatoes, fish and other seafood, dairy products, eggs and fruit Belgium Czech Rep Italy 2013 2013 2013 Adults 18-64 years Children 3-9 Adults 18-64 years Children 3-9 years Adults 18-64 years Children 3-9 years 0.34 - 0.41 0.96 - 1.11 0.37 - 0.45 0.96 - 1.09 0.18 - 0.26 0.40 - 0.54 1.46 - 1.53 1.91 - 2.07 1.59 - 1.68 3.53 - 3.70 0.99 - 1.06 1.92 - 2.06 Klenow et al. 2013 (PERFOOD project) Major contributors vary with country but include fish and other seafood, fruit and products, meat and products, eggs, vegetables and products
EUROPE Europe (data UK, Germany) 2008 All 2 (indicative) 1 - 11.6 1 - 70 6 (indicative) EFSA 2008 German Total diet study UK Total Diet Study Europe (13 countries, ≥2 day records)* 2012 Infants Toddlers Other children Adolescents Adults Elderly Very elderly 0.16 - 11 0.20 - 17 0.10 - 13 0.07 - 5.4 0.08 - 4.3 0.11 - 4.3 0.10 - 4.1 0.46 - 15 0.44 - 32 0.28 - 20 0.20 - 10 0.22 - 7.7 0.21 - 7.2 0.19 - 5.9 EFSA 2012 Major contributors were fish and other seafood, fruit and fruit products, eggs and egg products and drinking water across all age groups (LB model) France 2011 Adult general population High seafood consumers Pregnant women (coastal) Pregnant (other) 0.00 - 0.74 1.16 - 2.06 0.10 - 1.52 0.01 - 0.82 0.00 - 1.5 3.83 - 5.86 0.19 - 2.41 0.01 - 1.53 Yamanda et al. 2014 Major contributor was fish and other seafood, esp freshwater fish Belgium 2012 Children 3- 5 years Adults ≥ 21 years 20.1 6.1 31.5 9.6 Cornelis et al. 2012 contributors were fruit, vegetables, potatoes, fish and other seafood Belgium Rep Italy 2013 2013 2013 Adults 18-64 Children 3-9 years Adults 18-64 Children 3-9 Adults 18-64 years Children 3-9 years 0.18 - 0.23 0.28 - 0.39 0.02 - 0.19 0.04 - 0.33 0.13 - 0.20 0.25 - 0.38 0.84 - 0.89 0.85 - 0.97 0.05 - 0.23 0.12 - 0.42 0.32 - 0.39 0.55 - 0.69 Klenow et al. 2013 (PERFOOD project) Major contributors vary with country but include alcoholic beverages (adults), fruit and products, vegetables and products, meat and products