Opportunities that arise Adaptation options will be based on a solid ground. This will save human efforts and finance avoiding investments in non-necessary or highly uncertain options. Cross-cutting relevance YES Not only water related studies, but all sectors will benefit Risks addressed All risks Coordination across scales Clarify the roles and responsibilities of the institutions regarding climate change adaptation Relevant to: Natural systems Water supply and sanitation Hydropower X X X X Description Unlike other institutional responsibilities, CCA has appeared only recently. The option requires the establishment of a management concept for climate change adaptation, e.g. a clear hierarchical structure and established institutional roles Opportunities that arise This option will allow an appropriate response, not only in case of extreme weather events, but whenever climate change-related measures are implemented (like measures from RBMPs and FRMPs) Cross-cutting relevance YES Roles and responsibilities regarding CCA cannot and should not be considered separately from the other activities of the institutions Risks addressed All risks Amend the relevant legislation to synchronize the planning periods of different stakeholders and to support good cooperation Relevant to: Natural systems Water supply and sanitation Hydropower X X Description RBMPs and FRMPs are prepared for 6-year periods. However, the business plans of water operators are for 5-year periods. This makes their synchronization difficult, thus devalues their effect. E.g., if a measure is included in a RBMP, its implementation might fail because this measure is not included in the respective business plan of the water operator. This will call for a change in article 10 of the Law on Regulation of Water Supply and Sewerage Services, which requires water operators to prepare 5-year business plans. Opportunities that arise The better the planning, the higher the likelihood of implementation. Once a measure is implemented, it creates a number of opportunities. Cross-cutting relevance NO Risks addressed Risk to infrastructure and to services Promote synergy of water and energy savings and efficient use Relevant to: Natural systems Water supply and sanitation Hydropower X Х Х Description A number of EU documents prompt the interrelation of water and energy. In pumping water supply or irrigation systems, the more water is delivered, the more energy is used. At household level, some appliances like dishwashing mashines or washing machines use both water and energy. This option requires all systems to be analysed in regard to their The life cycle assessment approach has proven to be the most
Dospat River -1.38% -14.02% Danube Iskar River Upper -17.20% Middle -14.93% 37.93% Lower -19.20% Erma River -8.61% Erma River -17.20% Nishava River Nishava River -17.20% Ogosta River -5.31% Upper and W of Ogosta -21.58% 23.22% Middle and Lower -21.90% 22.73% Vit River -4.86% Upper 42.33% -28.33% Middle -24.63% 14.78% Osam River -14.13% Upper 33.12% -22.87% Middle and Lower -17.68% 24.93% Yantra River -5.44% Upper -44.27% Middle -28.45% Lower -25.90% Rusenski Lom -21.22% Cherni Lom and Beli Lom -36.85% Lower Rusenski Lom -43.90% Danube Dobrudzha -23.50% Upper river sections -31.10% Middle and Lower river section -43.90% East Aegean Sea Maritsa River up to Pazardzhik -25.63% from Pazardzhik to Parvomay -31.10% from Parvomay to Harmanli -20.61% from Harmanli to the border -23.80% Tundzha River -4.57% Upper -25.63% -11.68% Middle -27.98% -11.68% Lower -30.33% Arda River -3.52% Upper -16.37% Lower and Middle -14.23% Black Sea Byala -3.52% Upper -16.37% Lower -14.23% Black Sea Dobrudzha -16.28% North Black Sea Rivers -35.13% Provadiyska River -16.28% -35.13% Kamchia River -16.28% -35.13% North Burgas -16.01% -35.13% Mandrenski Rivers -16.01% South Black Sea Rivers -32.87% South Burgas Rivers -16.01% -32.87% Veleka River -16.01% -32.87%
island (relief river branches) (€40.4 M) Macedonia: 1. improve the efficiency of M&I water systems (total NPV €29.5; NPV calculations assumed a 5% discount rate); 2. improve the efficiency of irrigation systems (total NPV €27.1; NPV calculations assumed a 5% discount rate); 3. Expand irrigation systems (total NPV €130.2; NPV calculations assumed a 5% discount rate); (IEC, 2013) Lee Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Study: Further optimisation of the operation of Carrigadrohid and Inniscarra Dams informed by integrated flood forecasting Costs: Lower Lee, Ballincollig and Cork City (2056 properties located within the flood extent of the estimated 1% AEP fluvial event) - €0.8 M Benefits of option €18.7 M, BCR: 23.9 (OPW, 2010) Lee Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Study: Provision of permanent flood walls and embankments combined with flood storage reservoirs. Costs: Midleton - €26.6 M Benefits of option €33.6 M, BCR: 1.3 (OPW, 2010) Reduce demand by controlling leaks, implementing water-saving programs, cascading and reusing water Water Metering in the UK (costs: € 0.97/m3) (Sutherland and Fenn, 2000) Private investment in a leakage monitoring program to cope with water scarcity in Lisbon: The leakage monitoring system helps identify and locate any water leakages in the distribution network. After the location of the leak is identified, specialized technicians, known as leak detection mechanics, are sent out to carry out field-based leak detection and repair the problem. (Costs: Software development: €1 M; Network monitoring systems: about €1 M; The operational costs of the program account to about €0.5M per year) The return on investment for leakage repairs has been highly profitable for the company. It has resulted in a reduction of non-revenue water from 23.5% in 2005 to around 8.5% in 2015, which equals to around € 68M in accumulated savings in the last 10 years. benefit-cost ratio: 68/(1+1+0.5*10)=9.7 Accessed on Oct 2017h)