What To Know Vocabulary Exploration Motives for exploration Reasons for European dominance in exploration (3) What countries explored where What goods, ideas, foods, animals, and diseases were exchanged between Europeans and the people they interacted with Consequences of exploration Importance of gold, spices, and luxury goods Transatlantic Slavery How did exploration lead to expansion of transatlantic slavery? Economic significance of slavery Mercantilism and slavery Cultural, religious, political impact of slavery Where slavery occurred and who practiced slavery Colonies as means of raw materials, market for finished goods, source laborers, markets for commercial and industrial enterprises in Europe Examples of overseas products popular in Europe Columbian Exchange Colonization Mercantilism Jesuits New technology: compass, quadrant, lateen rig, etc Slavery Jesuits (Las Casas) Jesuits (Las Middle Passage Plantation economy Triangular trade Consumer goods (ex: sugar, silks, coffee, tobacco) Commercial Revolution In General Causes and effects of commercial revolution Innovations in banking New urban financial centers Dutch Golden Age Establishment of Republic after break from Habsburgs (from previous unit) Reasons why the were successful: economic, social, political Importance of consumer goods (tulips, nutmeg) Effects of Dutch Golden Age Cultural and artistic side of Dutch Golden Age Commercialization Commercial Revolution Consumerism New class of elites Market economy Joint stock company Dutch East India Company (V.O.C) Consumer goods: tulips, spices New oligarchy of gentry and rural landholders Everyday Life Think about continuities and changes – what changed? What did not change? Why? Family Life Little Ice Age Population Growth Price revolution
Why family remained the primary social and economic institution of early modern Europe Family and Home Rural v urban households Men v women’s work Marriage and childbearing Social Life Leisure activities and relation to religious calendar and agricultural cycle Causes and effects of regulating public morals Examples of regulating public morals Secular laws regulating private life Religious laws regulating private life Public humiliation and punishment Cities and Sanitation What caused expansion of cities Effects of growing cities and different cities’ solutions to these problems Migrants in cities Employment Poverty Crime Population growth Commercialization of Agriculture Where three-crop field rotation was practiced and what it is Where two-crop rotation was practiced and what it is Life of a farmer Peasant revolts and rights of peasants Causes and effects (and reactions to) enclosure movement Eastern European v Western European Peasants Women as Witches Reason for increase in accusations 1580-1650 Relation to folk ideas and social and economic upheaval Protestant action Catholic action Nuclear family Calvin’s Geneva Tudor England Tudor England Sumptuary Laws Leisure activities Stocks, charivari, public whipping, branding Sewers Commercialization of agriculture Subsistence agriculture Three crop field rotation Two crop rotation Enclosure movement Freehold tenure Village Common Capitalism Price revolution
Scientific Revolution Catholic Church’s treatment of Galileo Catholic Church and Scientific Revolution Bacon v. Descartes: similarities and differences Beliefs and significance of Bacon Beliefs and significance of Descartes Increased reliance on experimentation and mathematics led to scientific method Relationship between Renaissance and Scientific Revolution Significance of printing press and Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution Galileo Heliocentric theory Alchemy v astronomy v astrology Descartes Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Scientific Method William Harvey and advances in biology