GCSE History Unit 1: Part America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and Inequality Life in Post-War American Society and its Economy Learning Checklist Consumerism and the Causes of Prosperity The American Popular Culture McCarthyism Racial Tension and Developments in the Civil Rights Campaign Learning Checklist Segregation Laws and Racial Prejudice The Struggle for Equal Education Martin Luther King and Peaceful Protests Malcolm X and the Black Power Movement The Rights Acts of the 1960’s America and the “Great Society” Learning Checklist The Social Policies of Presidents Kennedy and Johnson The Development and Impact of Feminist Movements
Activities Complete the mix and match activity. Brown v. Topeka These troops were sent in by President Eisenhower to protect the Little Rock Nine. Little Rock High School This woman refused to give up her seat to a white person on a segregated bus. As a result, she was arrested and fined. Her actions sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott. President Eisenhower black student to be enrolled in Mississippi after the de-segregation. However, was prevented from registering due to the University refusing to accept new legislation. 101st airborne division Ground-breaking case which changed the whole Jim Crow Laws. After proving the ‘separate but equal’ was unconstitutional the judge ruled to desegregate all schools. Meredith President who, to ensure the protection of the Little Rock 9, sent in the 101st airborne division. By doing so he showed the power of federal law in the fight for civil rights. Mississippi University The name of the University which refused to allow James Meredith to register in 1962. President Kennedy The name of the high school in which 9 students famously attended as the first black pupils. The school gained national coverage. Rosa Parks After the arrest of Rosa Parks, thousands of black Americans refused to travel on the buses. They continued this for over a year until finally the buses were de-segregated. Montgomery Bus Boycotts This president sent in 320 federal marshals to escort James Meredith to and from campus. 300 stayed with Meredith for 3 years until he graduated. Direct Non-Violent Action Escalates After the success in Montgomery, the civil rights campaign took off in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. A number of different groups began to organise similar direct action: Martin Luther King formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). It ran conferences and trained civil rights activists in techniques of non-violent protest and how to handle the police, the law and the media. African American and white American students were deeply moved by the Civil Rights Movement and played a major role in it. They set up the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Another civil rights activist, James Farmer, formed the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE).
based in the north, Malcolm X addressed the inequality towards black Americans there. He was particularly influential to young Americans. He inspired black power groups such as the Black Panthers with his ideas of armed self-defence He provided an alternative to Martin Luther King Jr’s non-violent approach to protest. Whilst not necessarily his intention, Malcolm X’s separatist ideas made Martin Luther King’s seem more acceptable in the eyes of white Americans. Malcolm X’s speeches empowered black Americans to stand up for their beliefs and rights. Malcolm X’s advocating of violence and anti-white sentiment could be seen as damaging as it promoted separatism, rather than integration of America. Malcolm X was able to show how far black Americans were willing to go to gain equality. Malcolm X’s personal relationship with Muhammed Ali ensured that the Nation of and it’s ideology gained recognition throughout not only America, but the world. Most Significant: Least Significant: The Nation of