positively or negatively is given in Table 5. 5. Matrix of interdependencies Affecting TOURISM SECTOR CC effect in …… (see below) Positively Negatively Agriculture New food types produced and offered to tourists Food production Biodiversity & Ecosystems Opportunities for new tourism products Opportunities for new destinations development weather patterns Loss of assets (e.g. snow, shorelines) Energy Longer average stay Higher innovation rate Slower growth in arrivals Forestry New tourism products (berries, mushrooms) New forests as buffer zones (water storage, carbon sequestration) tourism conditions Human Health New tourism products – SPA, wellness, wellbeing Biophysical thresholds (e.g. temperatures) Fewer active and sports tourism products Transport Better access to (new) tourism destinations and attractions Growing emissions of greenhouse gases Impacts on infrastructure Urban Environment More attractive under scenario of extreme weather events Shorter average stay Saving water reduces vulnerabilities, allow to cater to greater number of tourists Longer average stay Costly to increase water availability (e.g. desalination) Note: The above Matrix of sectoral interdependencies reflects how climate change effects in one sector affect the Tourism sector positively or negatively Priority setting approach Many views about priorities in CCA strategies and action have been published in official reports and in scientific papers. For example, in 2008 UNEP developed the
address the impacts of climate change are discussed, placing an emphasis on growth policy, the operational priorities and the corresponding actions in view of the challenges facing Greek tourism, especially on the islands where water shortage, competitive land uses, desertification and SLR are becoming increasingly pressing issues.
Annex 4.5. Adaptation options in Bulgaria assessed by various criteria Adaptation options in Bulgaria assessed by various criteria Adaptation options Criteria Time Budget Benefits Efforts Measurement indicators (outputs) Institutions involved Consequences no adaptation/ maladaptation Tourism CC Policy development 1 year # ### ## NAS and NAP; Constitution of a CC and Tourism Adaptation body MoEW, MoT ### Legal framework development 1-2 years # ### ## Law for CC adaptation in tourism MoT, MoJ, MoF ### Awareness raising/Communication campaign 2-3 years ## ### ### No. of seminars conducted; organizations covered; No of participants; Communication activities conducted – No of media and press releases MoT, tourism associations, DMOs, municipalities ### Indicators development 1-2 years # ## ## Indicators developed, adopted and disseminated MoT, research institutions, climate change and tourism experts ### Knowledge base 2-5 years # ### ## CC in tourism database created MoT, tourism associations, DMOs, municipalities ### Adaptive capacity assessment 1-2 years ## ## ### Report on the tourism sector adaptive capacity needs MoT, tourism associations, DMOs, research institutions, tourism experts, municipalities ## Capacity development (training and education) 2-4 years ## ### ### No. of seminars held; organizations covered; No of participants; training and communication developed; No. of CCTA courses and programs in higher institutions (No of students enrolled) MoT, tourism associations, DMOs, educational institutions, tourism experts, municipalities ### Specific adaptation measures 2-13 ### ### ### Adaptation measures discussed, adopted and implemented; No. of EU and otherwise funded tourism adaptation projects; favourable tourism statistics MoT, tourism associations, DMOs, private sector – TO, tourism services suppliers, municipalities ### Source: author’s vision # - low, ## - medium, ### - high degree MoEW – Ministry of Environment and Water, MoT – Ministry of Tourism, MoJ – Ministry of Justice, MoF – Ministry of Finance