LAYOUT USING SUBMERGED FLOAT VALVE 8.1.3 Protection Around Tanks Livestock can wear the ground down around a tank very rapidly, particularly under wet conditions. If the ground is not naturally gravelly, a gravel or concrete base should be installed around the base of the tank. Figures 8.9 through 8.11 show examples of good tank bases. 8.1.4 Tank Overflows Tank overflows are required when there is no control on the amount of water coming into the tank. They are also highly recommended even when a float valve is used to control flow into the tank. Float valves occasionally do not close properly and an overflow is insurance against damage caused by overflow. The purpose of an overflow is to carry excess water away to prevent excessively wet conditions around the tank. The overflow should be extended to a location where it will not cause a problem. Typically it should be at least 50-100 feet from the trough. If wetland conditions will be created as a result of the overflow, they should be located where the water would naturally collect. Consider protecting the overflow area to retain or enhance any wetland values that may be created. The inlet to the overflow should be constructed at the elevation of desired water level in the tank. The entrance should be designed to prevent clogging by floating debris, scum and ice. Figure 8.12 illustrates some commonly used overflow systems. The outlet end of the pipe should be protected from being damaged by livestock or vehicular traffic. Figure 8.12 OVERFLOWS 8.1.5 Inlet to Pipeline from Tank When an to a continuing pipeline is located in a tank, some form of inlet screen should be installed. Figure 8.13 illustrates two types of inlet designs.
As with wind powered systems, it is important to have adequate tank storage to carry through periods of low sunlight levels and heavy water use. Figure 10.11 illustrates low voltage DC solar powered pump systems using a submersible pump in a well and a rotary vane type pump from a spring box. A tracking type solar panel allows greater power gain throughout the day. These are simple systems without batteries or converters. Figure 10.12 illustrates a pump jack system. This works in deeper wells and is ideal for replacing windmill systems. The pump will pump water even under low light conditions, although pumping will be slower. There are several different types of pump systems on the market. Each has particular advantages. Design must be done in close coordination with pump and solar panel suppliers. Figure 10.11 TYPICAL SOLAR SUBMERSIBLE PUMP GRAVITY SYSTEM Figure 10.12 Powered Pump Jack 10.1.8 Internal Combustion Engine Powered Pumps Internal combustion engines can be used to operate stockwater pumps. These engines are sometimes started with a float operated automatic starter and shutoff switches. They frequently use propane as a fuel. Engine operated systems require frequent monitoring. A water storage tank should be part of the system to supplement times when the system fails or is not started on time. are various ways that such a system can be set up. They include: 1. An engine operated pump jack operated by gas or propane motor. Water is pumped into a large storage tank. The motor is started by hand. It can be shut off with simple grounding type float switch or when it simply runs out of gas. Sometimes an automatic starting system is used. 2. An engine operated generator which in turn operates any type of electrically driven pump system. This type of system either be automatically started and stopped with a float switch or manually started and shut off by a float actuated switch in the storage tank.
80 96 148 225 354 616 1437 90 91 136 199 294 454 784 1725 100 87 127 181 256 370 562 924 1990 110 84 121 169 233 323 462 681 1125 2587 120 81 115 157 210 281 381 517 739 1176 130 79 111 150 198 259 340 446 602 862 140 78 109 145 190 246 319 411 539 739 (1) If an automatic air charge valve is used, tank size may be reduced by 50%. (2) Increase tank size by 5% for each 1,000 feet elevation above 3,000 feet elevation. 10.10 PLAIN PRESSURE TANK SIZE SELECTION MINIMUM RECOMMENDED TOTAL STORAGE TANK SIZE (gallons) on 3,000 ft. elevation above sea level) WITHOUT AIR VALVE Flow = 15 gpm, Minimum Pump Running Time = 1.5 minutes Pump CUT-OUT Pressure (PSIG) Pump CUT-IN Pressure (PSIG) 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 30 409 40 250 647 50 197 381 924 60 170 292 532 1252 70 154 247 400 706 1617 80 144 222 338 532 924 2156 90 136 204 299 441 681 1176 2587 100 130 191 271 384 554 844 1386 2986 110 126 182 254 350 485 693 1021 1687 3881 120 121 173 235 316 422 571 776 1109 1764 130 118 167 224 296 388 511 669 903 1294 140 117 163 218 285 370 479 616 809 1109 NOTES: (1) If an automatic air charge valve is used, tank size may be reduced by 50%. (2) Increase tank size by 5% for each 1,000 feet elevation above 3,000 feet elevation. Table 10.11