Chapter One MDT ORGANIZATION Chapter One discusses the organization and functions of those units within the Montana Department of Transportation which consistently interact with the Bridge Bureau. The Chapter summarizes this information for: selected units outside of the Engineering Division, each Bureau within the Engineering Division, each Section within the Preconstruction Bureau, and each Section and Unit within the Bridge Bureau. 1.1 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART Figure 1.1A presents the organization of the Montana Department of Transportation as of April 2004.
1.3 UNITS OUTSIDE ENGINEERING DIVISION This Section briefly describes the organization and functions of those units not within the Engineering Division which may interact with the Bridge Bureau. 1.3.1 Transportation Commission The Transportation Commission is composed of members appointed by the Governor; the Commission reports to the Director of the Montana Department of Transportation. The duties and responsibilities of the Transportation Commission are delineated in the Montana Code Annotated. In consultation with other applicable entities, the functions of the Montana Transportation Commission include: Project Prioritization (§60-2-110). The Commission establishes priorities for construction and reconstruction projects on the Montana State Highway system. Contract Letting (§60-2-111). The Commission lets all contracts for the construction or reconstruction of those highways administered by the Department. System Designation (§60-2-126). The designates which public highways within the State are located on the: national highway system primary highway system, secondary highway system, or urban highway system. Note: The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 realigned the Federal-aid system and eliminated the Federal-aid primary, secondary and urban systems. Allocation of Funds (§60-2-127). The Commission allocates the available funds for expenditure on the various highway systems. Maintenance (§60-2-128). The Commission designates those public highways that are on the State highway maintenance system. 1.3.2 District Offices The Department maintains five District Offices based on geographic areas in the cities of Missoula, Butte, Great Falls, Glendive and Billings. The basic function of each District Office is to provide the necessary field services for the Department within their geographic boundaries. Some of the responsibilities include: maintaining the State highway system (e.g., snow removal, pavement maintenance); providing construction inspection for Department construction projects; nominating projects for capital improvements and assisting in the identification of the Project Scope of Work; inspecting bridges to gather NBIS data; designing selected projects; reviewing and approving requests for private access onto the State highway system; serving as liaison between the local governments and Department Central Office; performing field surveys; performing soils surveys; assisting with conducting public hearings and public information meetings;
working with District Offices to respond to public inquiries on drainage problems; working with local jurisdictions and the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) on the administration of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP); working with the Environmental Services Office to secure those permits and approvals related to the State’s waterways and water resources (e.g., U.S. Coast Guard Section 9, U.S. Corps of Engineers Section 404); determining field surveying needs for hydraulic analyses and working with the District Offices to secure the field information; designing irrigation systems (e.g., siphon details); and providing technical assistance on hydraulics as needed to other Department units and local jurisdictions. 1.4.1.4 Photogrammetry and Survey Section The Photogrammetry and Survey Section, in combination with the District field survey crews, is responsible for all surveying needs required for the Department’s program of projects. The Section’s responsibilities include: developing and promulgating Department policies and practices for surveying activities on Department projects for both design and construction; maintaining the Surveying Manual; maintaining survey datums and coordinate systems for a reference or base for all surveys in the State; purchasing and maintaining surveying equipment needed Statewide by the Department; checking the District’s control traverse survey data and plotting the control traverse diagram; maintaining the necessary records and filing system for all Department surveys; coordinating as necessary with the National Geodetic Survey; and providing technical assistance on surveying as needed to other Department units and local jurisdictions. 1.4.2 Right-of-Way Bureau The Right-of-Way Bureau is responsible for the acquisition, management and control of real property needed for transportation purposes. Right-of-way operations are partially decentralized. The administrative organization and all functional sections are located in the Department’s headquarters in Helena. Field right-of-way operations are performed by personnel working in the Right-of-Way Sections of the five District Offices. The functions performed by the Right-of-Way Bureau are described in the following sections. 1.4.2.1 Appraisal Section The Appraisal Section is responsible for the valuation of interests in real property to be acquired by the Department. It is responsible for:
preparing the work sheets to properly identify the Department and FHWA codes, funding splits, etc., for all contract items; reviewing the project plans to ensure that they meet Department and FHWA requirements and that they are suitable for bidding; preparing the Proposal for each contract identifying the location, scope and requirements of the contract; reviewing and editing the Special Provisions as necessary for any work, material or method of operation; preparing the Engineer’s Estimate; preparing any necessary City/Town Agreements and/or County Resolutions; and performing all necessary administrative work for bid letting. 1.4.4.3 Construction Engineering Services Bureau The Construction Engineering Services Bureau monitors construction inspection and contract administration of construction projects through field inspections. The Section reviews plans and specifications for compatibility with construction practices and consults with and advises District construction engineers and project managers on construction problems. 1.4.4.4 Contractor Estimate Section The Contractor Estimate Section processes all contract estimates — both progress and final — for submission to Accounting for payment, including reviewing the final estimates and supporting documentation and submitting the necessary documentation to FHWA to close out completed projects. 1.4.4.5 Change Order and Utilities Section The Change Order and Utilities Section processes change orders and utility work orders. The Section: maintains files on utility agreements, reviews and processes non-structural-related shop drawings, prepares specifications for the purchase of surveying equipment, arranges for surveying equipment repairs, maintains an inventory of equipment, and supervises the monthly rental of Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM) equipment. 1.4.4.6 Specifications Section The Specifications Section reviews and develops new and revised specifications; processes Supplemental Specifications and obtains FHWA approvals; and periodically updates and publishes new editions of the Department’s Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. 1.4.5 Traffic and Safety Bureau 1.4.5.1 Traffic Engineering Section The Traffic Engineering Section is responsible for all capital improvement projects for which the Section serves as the lead unit, and the Section provides a variety of traffic engineering services to other Department units. The functions of the Section include:
all signing and pavement marking practices and designs on Department projects; all traffic signal and highway lighting practices and designs on Department projects; the geometric design for interchanges and at-grade intersections; highway capacity analyses; the detailed design of highway safety improvement projects; traffic engineering studies (e.g., speed studies, traffic impact studies, school crossing studies); coordinating all activities necessary for the design of a traffic engineering project; maintaining the Department’s Detailed Drawings which document the details for traffic engineering elements; providing technical assistance to local jurisdictions on traffic engineering issues; providing traffic engineering support as needed on projects for which another Department unit is lead; and maintaining the Department’s Traffic Engineering Manual. 1.4.5.2 Safety Engineering Section The Safety Engineering Section is responsible for three major Department functions: Safety Improvement Program. The Safety Engineering Section is responsible for identifying and programming all projects which will use the categorical and set-aside funds for highway safety improvements. The Program procedures include a benefit/cost analysis to determine if the proposed improvement is cost effective, and it is used to prioritize safety improvement projects to optimize the safety benefits from the available funds. Accident Surveillance System. The Safety Engineering Section is responsible for reviewing the accident history on projects through the use of its Accident Surveillance System. The review will identify correlations between accident characteristics compared to Statewide trends and any accident cluster areas. The Section makes recommendations for safety enhancements based on the accident analysis. In addition, the Safety Engineering Section provides accident data to other entities which may request the information (e.g., local jurisdictions). Safety Management System. The Safety Management System is a multi-disciplinary team approach to traffic safety. Its goal is to reduce the number and severity of traffic accidents. 1.4.5.3 Railroad Safety Section To Be Prepared 1.4.5.4 Occupant Protection Section To Be Prepared 1.4.6 Engineering Management Unit The Engineering Management Unit maintains and operates several management systems for Department operations. These systems generate a large variety of reports, containing information on projects in both preconstruction and construction phases:
coordinating with other units (internal and external to MDT) for all activities necessary for project design (e.g., environmental evaluation, right-of-way, hydraulics, roadway design), and complying with the requirements of the Preconstruction Management System; assist in the preparation of all necessary PS&E elements for structural items, including construction plans, special provisions, construction quantities and engineering cost estimates; prepare man-hour and cost estimates for and consultant designs; in coordination with the Consultant Design Section, review structural designs prepared by consultants; review computer programs for structural applications and evaluate new programs for potential Department application; remain abreast of the state-of-the-technology in bridge design through review of AASHTO, TRB, FHWA, etc., publications, and investigate the use of new bridge design techniques; as directed by the Bridge Engineer, investigate and implement revisions to the: MDT Structures Manual, MDT Bridge Standard Drawings, and MDT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction; provide technical support for structural designs for projects on non-State facilities which are funded by State and/or Federal dollars; serve as a technical resource in structural designs for county and city government projects; and participate as needed in the field construction of structural elements, including: in coordination with the Shop Drawings/NDT Unit, reviewing and approving construction shop drawings, erection drawings and false work drawings; performing periodic field construction inspections; and reviewing and commenting on construction change orders when requested by the Change Order and Utilities Section. 1.5.2.3 Quality Assurance Process In an effort to assure quality of the PS&E documents, bridge documents are submitted to the Bridge Design Engineer for a QA Review. The Bridge Design Engineer or other professional engineer as assigned can do this review. If the Bridge Design Engineer chooses to delegate this responsibility to an Area Engineer, the Area Engineer can choose to delegate the QA Review to the Structural Engineer directly supervised by the Area Engineer. A PE must do QA Reviews. The QA Review is primarily to assure constructability and bidability of the bridge plans This Review entails: a review to assure all views and sections needed for construction are included;
see that the appropriate specials provisions and notes are covered; and that all needed pay items and quantities are covered on the Title Sheet and Bridge Plan Quantity Table. 1.5.2.4 Technical Experts Each Design Unit will be responsible for at least one area of technical expertise. The technical expert will typically be the Structural Design Engineer for the Unit. Duties will typically include staying current with the AASHTO code requirements for the subject, and ongoing research and the latest technical information for the subject matter. The technical expert will typically be the contact for issues relating to their field of expertise. When code requirements change that affect typical Bureau Operation that expert will be required to inform the Bridge Design Engineer. Once a design policy is established, the Bridge Design Engineer will inform the Bureau by written memorandum to establish uniform Bureau Policy. If additional information is needed the expert may be required to present a training session to the Bureau The Bridge Bureau maintains a group of technical committees to assist other designers and establish bridge design policy for the Department. A list of these committees and members is located on the Internet at 1.5.3 Bridge Management Section The Bridge Management Section is responsible for a variety of services, including the operational programs administered by the Department for the State’s bridges. The following sections briefly discuss the functional responsibilities of the units within the Bridge Management Section. 1.5.3.1 Bridge Management Engineer The Bridge Management Engineer assists and advises the Bridge Engineer on issues concerning the daily ongoing operations of the State’s bridges. The Bridge Management Engineer: supervises and provides technical assistance to the three subordinate units and the Bridge Maintenance Engineer; oversees the Bridge Management System (PONTIS); works with Motor Carrier Services for permitting of overweight vehicles; manages the seismic screening program for existing bridges; and supervises the review and approval of shop drawings and NDT services during and after construction. 1.5.3.2 Bridge Management Unit The Bridge Management Unit is responsible for a variety of operational functions, including: National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS). The NBIS Program, mandated by FHWA, is a systematic program of periodic bridge inspections intended to detect structural problems to minimize the probability of a catastrophic structural failure. The Bridge Management Unit manages the Statewide Bridge Inspection Program for both State and county/city bridges, including:
as required by the National Bridge Inspection Standards, coordinating the inspection of all bridges open to the public in Montana; providing guidance to the District bridge inspectors; managing and using the collected data; developing and maintaining a written guide for the inspectors and providing training; preparing and processing Structural Inventory and Appraisal (SI&A) data for all public bridges in the State; maintaining an inventory on the structural and functional condition of all public bridges in Montana; in coordination with the Districts, determining and posting (where needed) the load-carrying capacity of all bridges under the jurisdiction of the Department; and for locally owned bridges, recommending to the local government the posting of the load-carrying capacity of public bridges. Bridge Management System (PONTIS). PONTIS is a network-level Bridge Management System which incorporates dynamic, probabilistic models and a detailed bridge database to predict maintenance and improvement needs, recommend optimal policies, and schedule projects within budget and policy constraints. Through PONTIS, the Bridge Management Unit prioritizes the replacement, rehabilitation and maintenance of the State’s bridges. It also assists in the prioritization of Federally funded bridge replacement/rehabilitation projects on local facilities. The overall objective of PONTIS is to systematically identify that combination of bridge improvement and maintenance work which optimizes the benefits from the Department’s expenditures on bridges. The Bridge Management Unit is responsible for developing, implementing and maintaining PONTIS, including: developing a program of bridge improvements based on the findings from the MDT Bridge Inspection Program; incorporating cost-effective considerations into project prioritization; developing a prioritized list of Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program (HBRRP) projects and identifying preliminary project scopes of work (i.e., the extent of bridge rehabilitation); developing a prioritized list of bridge maintenance activities to be performed by the Districts; tracking completion of recommended bridge maintenance work; and for HBRRP projects, monitoring project implementation. Overweight Trucks. In coordination with Motor Carrier Services, the Bridge Management Unit reviews, evaluates and approves/ rejects any requests for permits to exceed the legal load over structures. Structural Failures. The Bridge Management Unit inspects and reports on all significant structural failures under the Department’s jurisdiction.
Special Provisions. The bridge designer is responsible for the development of any necessary special provisions relating to the bridge design items for the project. The Contract Plans Bureau ensures that these are included within the final contract document. Construction Administration Services Bureau The Construction Administration Services Bureau includes Change Order, Construction Systems and Construction budgeting functions, as well as the Contractor Payment and Specification Sections. The Bridge Bureau collaborates with the Construction Administration Services Bureau in the development of Standard and Supplemental Specifications. The Bridge Bureau reviews most proposed changes to Sections 551, 552, 553, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 706, and 711 of the Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. Construction Engineering Services Bureau The Construction Engineering Services Bureau is responsible for issuing direction on technical construction issues, general construction issue resolution, construction oversight and uniformity, construction review findings, Change Order discussions, Value Engineering proposal investigation and recommendation, non-uniformity complaint resolution and implementation of new construction processes, procedures and specifications. The following summarizes the Bridge Bureau’s coordination with the Construction Engineering Services Bureau: New Materials, Techniques or Construction Practices. When a bridge design proposes the use of materials, construction techniques or construction practices not previously used in Montana, the proposal must be reviewed by the Construction Bureau for practicality and constructability. Field Inspections. The Bridge Bureau coordinates with Construction and the District on its periodic field inspections (e.g., for post-tensioning operations). Shop Drawings. The Bridge Bureau is responsible for the review of all structural shop drawings submitted by the contractor (e.g., for structural steel, prestressed concrete beams, erection). The Bridge Bureau coordinates its review with Construction and the District. Technical Assistance. The Bridge Bureau provides technical assistance as requested for construction of structural items (e.g., to resolve construction problems). Change Orders. The Bridge Bureau receives and comments on all bridge-related construction change orders and works with Construction and the District to resolve any issues. Claims. For claim reviews related to structural items, Construction may seek input from the Bridge Bureau. Traffic and Safety Bureau 3.1.6.1 Traffic Engineering Section The following describes the bridge designer’s coordination with the Traffic Engineering Section.
traffic control plan prepared by the Road Design Section and modify it as needed. The District also provides a quantity estimate for traffic control units required for the project. 3.1.9 Engineering Information Services Section The Montana Department of Transportation’s Engineering Information Services Section maintains, administers, and provides training and support for the Department’s Computer Aided Design system, Program and Project Management System and Document Management System; develops and maintains three-dimensional visualization documents/animations; and provides, monitors and reviews Preliminary Engineering Costs for Federal-Aid projects. 3.1.9.1 Engineering Management Unit The Engineering Management Unit (EMU) is responsible for updating, customizing and maintaining, the Program and Project Management System (PPMS) and for providing support and training to the end users. This section also provides, monitors and reviews preliminary engineering cost on federal-aid projects. For project management coordination see section 4.4. 3.1.10 Motor Carrier Services Motor Carrier Services is responsible for monitoring and regulating truck traffic within the State of Montana. Where the Motor Carrier Services is reviewing an overload vehicle permit request, it coordinates with the Bridge Management Section to ensure that any bridges within the proposed route can sustain the overload. 3.1.11 Legal Services Division The Legal Services Division is responsible for providing all legal counsel required by MDT (e.g., interpretation of State laws on highway work). In its administration of bridge design projects, the Bridge Bureau is responsible for preparing and processing, where applicable, agreements with other entities. Once prepared, the Legal Services Division reviews, comments on and approves the text of the proposed Agreement. On certain controversial issues, a single staff person in Legal Services may be designated as the sole contact person between MDT and the public or other agencies. 3.1.12 Human Resources Division On a project level, the Bridge Bureau coordinates with the Human Resources Division, Civil Rights Bureau, to ensure compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. The Division will, for example, provide interpretations on the intent and application of the Act.
Preconstruction Section Heads; Road Design Hydraulics Utilities Supervisor, Geotechnical Section Supervisor, Research Section Supervisor, Survey Section; Manager, Engineering Information Services Section; Supervisor, Hazardous Materials FHWA (on NHS or Interstate projects); Bridge Management Engineer; Bridge File County Commissioners and local officials, where appropriate; and any other individuals or units deemed appropriate. 4. Comments. All parties receiving a copy of the PFR Report are requested to provide comments on the Report. Concurrence of the Report will be assumed if no comments are received by the specified date. Once final the Report will be available on the Document Management System (DMS). 4.1.1.2 Format and Content In general, prepare the Preliminary Field Review (PFR) Report in the order and format discussed below. This will provide a uniform presentation for all Department PFR Reports and will ensure that all appropriate information will be addressed. Not all of the subject areas listed below will be required for every PFR Report, and adjustments will be necessary to the Report as appropriate. The level of coverage for each item will also vary from project to project. Although in-depth coverage of the individual design details is usually not provided in this Report, provide sufficient detail to allow the reader to fully understand the proposed project. Figure 4.1A illustrates the preferred format for the first page of the PFR Report. The preparer should note that the heading must be completely filled out, including the project number, project name, control number and project work type. The project work type is a three-digit number used by the Department to identify the main focus of an intended project. It can be found on the project program documents. However, for reference, they are also listed in Figure 4.1B. Note that the Distribution list is included on the first page of the Report. The following provides the topic areas, in order, that should be addressed in the PFR Report, see Figure 4.1.A.1 for basic report outline: Introduction. The introduction should include the date of the field review and provide a list of individuals who attended the review. The listing should also include the individual's title and office location. Depending on the project, representatives at a field review may include: a. the Bridge Area Engineer/Design Project Manager, b. bridge designer, c. the Road Design Project Supervisor or designer, d. the District Administrator, e. the Maintenance Chief, f. the Engineering Services Supervisor,
Proposed Scope of Work. This section should provide a very brief description of the proposed scope of work for the project. For example, "The proposed project has been nominated to replace the existing 24 ft (7.2 m) wide bridge over the Madison River on US Highway 287 in Ennis. The new bridge will be constructed on a new alignment." The scope should indicate whether the project is a new structure, replacement structure or rehabilitated structure. The scope of work section should also include a brief discussion explaining the reason why the proposed scope of work was selected. If it is determined that an outside consultant should be considered for the design of the project, indicate the division of expected responsibilities between MDT and the consultant. Project Location and Limits. Some of the descriptions that may be used to briefly describe the project location include: county name; city or town name; Indian reservation; route number; functional classification; reference points; project length; location with respect to existing structures; crossing feature (e.g., river, highway, railroad) and name; crossing routes and/or local streets; distance and direction from nearby cities or towns; as-built project numbers; adjacent project numbers; and direction of the proposed project. Whenever the stationing proceeds in the opposite direction from the reference points (e.g., stationing increases from north to south while the reference points increases from south to north), note this in the Report. Physical Characteristics . A brief description of the project's physical characteristics may include a discussion of the following: when the existing bridge and roadway were built, reconstructed or rehabilitated; width, length and number of spans of existing structure; approach roadway widths; if available, the load capacity of the existing structure; if available, sufficiency rating; type of structure (e.g., prestressed structural steel); also list any special materials (e.g., timber, lead paint); any structural deficiencies (e.g., joint failures, spalling, delamination); rural or urban location;
4.1.4 Bridge Type Selection Report General The Bridge Type Selection Report is prepared by the consultant to identify potential structure alternates for a particular site. In this report, each viable structure type is evaluated in terms of initial and long-term costs, constructability, serviceability, and adaptability and fit to the site. Cost estimates are prepared for each alternative and a recommendation made for the preferred structure type. 4.1.4.2 Preparation and Distribution The consultant prepares the Bridge Type Selection Report for the Consultant Design Engineer and the report is then distributed to the Bridge Engineer, District Administrator, Highways Design Engineer, and the Hydraulics Engineer with comments requested. Format/Content In general, the consultant will prepare the Bridge Type Selection Report in the sequence and format discussed below. All subject areas may not be required for each individual structure site. Sufficient detail should be provided so the reader can understand the selection process. Introduction. Briefly describe the purpose of the report and the factors used in the selection of the preferred alternative. Existing Structure. If the project involved is a bridge replacement, describe the existing structure. Indicate overall width and length, span lengths, skew angle, superstructure, substructure and foundation types. Also identify the existing vertical clearance if the bridge is located over a road or railroad. Bridge Hydraulic Requirements. Indicate the flood frequency used for design, type of opening (vertical or sloped), channel bottom width, slope pitch, and freeboard requirements. Proposed Location and Alignment. Indicate the new structure’s alignment in relation to the existing alignment, if applicable. Mention if the horizontal alignment is located on a curve or tangent. Describe the vertical alignment (grades, vertical curve, crown, super transition). Bridge Configuration. Describe the following features of the proposed structure and why selected: Roadway Width Sidewalk requirements Structure Skew Proposed End and Intermediate Bent Type Bridge rail Type Deck Geometry (crown, super, varying super) Vertical clearance over highway or railroad Deck Drainage Right-of-Way. Identify if the proposed structure will require new right-of-way or construction permits. Utilities. Identify is utilities are located on the existing structure and if they are to be accommodated on the new bridge. Describe how they are to be attached. Structure Alternatives. List the structure types considered for the site. For each,
identify their particular positive and negative aspects based on the following: Construction ease Historic experience with Economics (initial and long term costs) Number of spans and bent placement Expansion joint and expansion shoe requirements Depth of section and freeboard or vertical clearance requirements Hydraulic performance (pier shape and alignment) Seismic performance category (if applicable) Maintenance costs Recommendation. Identify a preferred alternate. Summarize the positive and negative features of the recommended configuration and the reasons for its selection. Include a preliminary General Layout in the report with a plan and elevation view of the proposed structure. Show the existing structure with foundation elements and their relationship to the new bridge. 4.1.4 Plan-in-Hand Report 4.1.4.1 General A Bridge Plan-in-Hand (PIH) meeting is conducted in conjunction with the District to review preliminary construction plans that typically consist of road plans and cross sections and preliminary quantities. Preliminary bridge plans consisting of a bridge general layout and footing plan and cores. Right-of-Way plans are included when available. The PIH meeting typically consists of an office review followed by an onsite review. The Bridge Area Engineer is responsible for scheduling the PIH, compiling and distributing the plans and other materials and writing and distributing the report. Include a copy of the Design Parameters report in the PIH distribution materials. Include a copy of Design Parameters Report and the resolution of any outstanding issues from the Design Parameters Review Meeting. The Plan-in-Hand (PIH) Report provides a written documentation of all decisions made during the Plan-in-Hand office and field review meetings. The PIH Report addresses the concerns and questions raised by the review team and their proposed disposition. Refer to Figure 4.1F, 4.1F.1 and 4.1F.2. 4.1.4.2 Preparation The Bridge Area Engineer is responsible for the preparation of the PIH Report. It is prepared for the Bridge Engineer’s signature. Figure 4.1F illustrates the preferred heading and approval memorandum format when preparing the PIH Report. After the Bridge Engineer signs it, copies of the PIH Report will typically be distributed to the project file and to the following individuals: all applicable Bureau Chiefs, District Administrator, Rail, Transit and Planning Division Administrator, all parties involved in the PIH, any other individuals or sections deemed appropriate, and
4.9 bridge worksheets and checklists In an effort to keep information consistent between District Design Teams we have developed checklists and forms to be used to gather data in the field, conduct meetings and request information. Examples of these forms are at the end of this chapter, but up to date versions are available on the Intranet. The forms available are: Preliminary Field Review Worksheet Survey Request Design Parameters Review Page intentionally left blank. Chapter Five PLAN PREPARATION Other chapters in the Montana Structures Manual provide the designer with uniform criteria and procedures for the design of structures. These designs must be incorporated into the plans so that they can be clearly understood by contractors, material suppliers, and Department personnel assigned to supervise and inspect the construction of the project. To ensure a consistent interpretation of the contract plans, individual sheets should have a standard format and content, and the sequence of plan assembly should generally be the same. To provide this consistency, this Chapter provides guidelines for the uniform preparation of structure plans including recommended plan sequence, drafting guidelines and plan sheet content. Refer to Standard Bridge Details and Notes [EREF.REF (MREF.REF)]. 5.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 5.1.1 Working Sheets The Department currently uses the following paper sizes during project development: 22 in. x 36 in. (D). Use this paper size for all final plans. Where deemed necessary, this size may also be used for preliminary design reviews (e.g., for complex drawings). Provide a minimum 2 in. left-binding margin and ½ in. top and bottom margins. 11 in. x 17 in. (B) This paper size is the half-size of the “D” paper and is typically used for preliminary draft reviews, requests for permits and bid advertising. This plan sheet is a half scale of the final plan size in Comment #1. For the preliminary plans, print all sheets on white paper and use the “B” paper size. For final plans, consultants will submit stamped and signed size D mylars and updated electronic files. Full-size plans will be provided when requested. Transmit plans electronically to the Contract Plans Section. See the Bridge Internet site for the transmittal procedure. Full-size plans will be provided when requested. 5.1.2 Construction Plan Sheet Organization 5.1.2.1 Plan Sequence
Celsius °C Center Ctr. Centerline ℄ Center of Gravity C.G. Center to Center C to C Clearance Cl. Cubic Cu. Degree ° Diameter Dia. Diaphragm Diaph. Dimension Dim. Drawing Dwg. Each Ea. Eastbound E.B. Elevation Elev. Embedment Embed. Equal = Expansion Exp. Fahrenheit F Feet or Foot Ft. (') Fill Face F.F. Fixed Fix. Galvanize Galv. Galvanized Iron G.I. Gauge Ga. Grade Gr. Hexagon Hex. High Water H.W. Inch In. (") Inside Diameter I.D. Interior or Intermediate Int. Kilogram kg Kilometer km Liter L Left Lt. Longitudinal Longit. Maximum Max. Meter m Metric Ton MT Millimeter mm Minimum Min. Miscellaneous Misc. Near Face N.F. Northbound N.B. Number No. Outside Diameter O.D. Paving Notch P.N. Percent % Plate PL Point PT. Pound Lb. Present Traveled Way P.T.W. Radius R. Reinforced Concrete Bar R.C.B. Reinforced Concrete Pipe R.C.P. Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch R.C.P.A. Reinforcement Reinf. Right Rt. Right of Way R/W Roadway Rdwy. Southbound S.B. Spaces Spa. Square Sq. Standard Std. Station Sta. Steel Stl. Superelevation Super. Tangent Tan. Topographic Topog. Typical Typ. U.S. Geological Survey USGS Vertical Vert. Vertical Curve V.C. Westbound W.B. Yard Yd. STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS Figure 5.2A
1" = 1' - 0" ¾ " = 1' - 0" ½ " = 1' - 0" 3/8" = 1' - 0" ¼" = 1' - 0" 3/16" = 1' - 0" 1/8" = 1' - 0" 3/32" = 1' - 0" 1" = 10' - 0" 1" = 15' - 0" 1" = 20' - 0" 1" = 30' - 0" 1" = 40' - 0" 1" = 50' - 0" 1" = 60' - 0" 0.80 0.0625 0.0417 0.0313 0.0208 0.0156 0.104 0.0078125 0.00833 0.0056 0.0042 0.0028 0.0021 0.0017 0.0014 12 16 24 32 48 64 96 128 120 180 240 360 480 600 720 1 ½" 2" 3" 4" 6" 8" 1' - 0" 1' - 4" 1' - 3" 1' – 10 ½ " 2' - 6" 3' - 9" 5' - 0" 6' - 3" 7' - 6" 2 ¼ " 3" 4 ½" 6" 9" 1' - 0" 1' - 6" 2' - 0" 1' – 10 ½ " 2' - 9" 3' - 9" 5' – 7 ½ " 7' - 6" 9' – 4 ½" 11' - 3" 29/32 " 1 13/64 " 1 51/64" 2 13/32" 3 19/32" 4 51/64" 7 13/64" 9 19/32" 9" 1' – 1 ½ " 1' - 6" 2' - 3" 3' - 0" 3' - 9" 4' - 6" METRIC SCALES Scale Full to Scaled Ratio Scaled to Full Ratio Text Height When Full Scale Text Titles LS = 1:1 1:2 1:3 1:5 1:10 1:15 1 0.50 0.334 0.20 0.10 0.0667 1 2 3 5 10 15 3 mm 6 mm 9 mm 15 mm 30 mm 45 mm 5 mm 10 mm 15 mm 25 mm 50 mm 75 mm 2 mm 4 mm 6 mm 10 mm 20 mm 30 mm
Width (End Bent). Show the width for the following: the overall width of the backwall and the cap; the distance from the bearing centerline to the back and front of the cap; the thickness of the backwall; if the front of the backwall is not coincidental with the bearing centerline, note the distance from the bearing centerline to the back and front of the backwall; the paving notch; and other dimensions as necessary for construction. Width (Intermediate Bent). Show the width for the following: the overall width of the bent; the distance from the bent centerline to the back and front of the bent; where there are multiple beam seats, the dimension to the centerline of each beam seat from the centerline of the bent; and other dimensions as necessary for construction. Shoes. Show an outline, to scale, of the bearing pads. Show all applicable dimensions to the anchor bolts. Include a note to see the shoe details. If the bearing pads are the same, only one bearing pad needs to be completely dimensioned. Beams or Girders. Show the dimensions for the following: between the roadway design centerline and adjacent beams or girders on either side of design centerline, between the centerlines of each intermediate beam or girder, and from the centerline of outside beam or girder to the edge of the cap or foundation. Steps. Show the width of each step spacing. Also, indicate the beam seat elevation at each step. Slope the cap between steps on end bents. Reinforcing Steel. In general, do not show the location of reinforcing steel in the Plan View. However, reinforcing steel may be shown in the wingwall portion of the end bent. Where shown, note the bar types as discussed in Section 5.4.5. Miscellaneous Details. The following are generally shown and labeled in the Plan View: face of rail, edge of slab, width and thickness of expansion joint, centerline of bearing centerline of bent, centerline of roadway and/or structure,
Chapter Six QUANTITY ESTIMATES In addition to preparing clear and concise construction plans, as described in Chapter Five, the designer must compile an accurate estimate of the project construction quantities. This information leads directly to the Engineer's Estimate, which combines the computed quantities of work and the estimated unit bid prices. An accurate estimate of quantities is critical to prospective contractors interested in submitting a bid on the project. Chapter Six presents detailed information on estimating quantities for structural projects. 6.1 GENERAL 6.1.1 Guidelines for Preparing Quantity Estimates When preparing quantity estimates, the designer should consider the following guidelines: Specifications. Cross check all items against the Standard Specifications and the Supplemental Specifications to ensure that the appropriate pay items, methods of measurement and basis of payment are used. Computations. Prepare a separate computation sheet for each item used on the project. Include all computation sheets in the project file. Rounding. Round the quantity of any item provided in the Estimated Bridge Plan Quantities Table on the Q-sheet according to the criteria in Figure 6.1A. The computation sheet should be calculated to one more decimal place than that noted in Figure 6.1A. Note any required rounding of raw estimates on the computation sheets. Unless stated otherwise, do not round the calculations until the value is incorporated onto the Q-sheet. Significant Digits. Perform quantity calculations with careful regard to the implied correspondence between the accuracy of the data and the given number of digits. In all calculations, the number of significant digits retained should be such that the accuracy is neither sacrificed nor exaggerated. Use the following rules to determine the appropriate number of significant digits: Number of Digits. Any digit that is necessary to define the specific value or quantity is considered significant. When a measurement is taken, this measurement may be recorded as 157, this number has three significant digits. If the measurement had been made to the nearest 0.1, the measurement may have been 157.4; this number has four significant digits. Zero may be used to indicate either a specific value, like any other digit, or a number’s order of magnitude. A measurement rounded to thousands, may be 120 000. The three left-hand digits of this number are significant; each measures a value. The three right-hand digits are zeros which merely indicate the order of magnitude of the number rounded to the nearest thousand. The identification of significant digits is only possible through
Distribution Programming Project Preliminary Field Review Scope of Work Project Scope Changes Plan Bridge Final Estimate Transportation Planning Division X X X X Fiscal Programming X X X X X X District Administrator(s) X X X X X Engineering Management Section — Engineering Division X X X X X X Contract Plans Section X Project Files X X X X X X COST ESTIMATE DISTRIBUTION Figure 7.1A
9.3 MAINTENANCE OF FILES 9.3.1 General The various types of files have different “custodians”: Design Files. The Bridge Area Engineers are responsible for the design files. These are maintained in the crew area until the project has been constructed and then are “cleaned out” of material that is duplicated in the correspondence file, organized and filed downstairs with the survey. These files are retained until the structure is replaced. Correspondence. The Administrative Assistant is responsible for maintaining the project correspondence file. When the Bridge Bureau is notified that a project has been completed, the correspondence file is transferred to Records Management. Correspondence files prior to circa 1970 are on microfilm. Paper copies of these older records do not exist. Special Provision File. The Bridge Bureau standard special provisions consist of a set of files maintained by the Bureau on a server. They are accessible through the Bridge Bureau’s web page on both the Intranet and Internet. Bridge Inspection File. The bridge inspection files are maintained by the Bridge Management Section. Shop Drawings Files. The shop drawings files are maintained by the shop drawings reviewer. In general, shop drawings files are maintained in the reviewer’s area until a project is constructed, then they are filed in the Records Management area by the reviewer. 9.3.2 Structure Removal When a bridge is replaced or removed, the following procedures will be used to update files: Files will be maintained until construction is complete. Construction sends out an email when construction projects have been completed. Retain information for bridges that have been relocated. Remove drawings from the file room. Check to see that drawings are in the microfilm record. Note the bridge has been replaced or removed on the microfilmed records in the Bridge Bureau. Microfilm records will be retained for future information. Request design, correspondence file, shop drawings, and construction diary from records management for disposal. Note the bridge has been replaced or removed in the card file located in the bridge file room. Drawings and files are reviewed by the Bridge Area Engineer to verify that correct records have been identified. Drawings are given to the Department’s Historian; files are discarded. Provide the Bridge Management Section the structure number of the bridge replaced or removed. Page intentionally left blank.