Anthrax Reporting Only confirmed cases should be case A case requires either: Laboratory definitive evidence OR Laboratory suggestive evidence AND clinical evidence. Laboratory evidence Isolation of Bacillus anthracis-like organisms or spores by a reference laboratory. Laboratory suggestive evidence Detection of Bacillus anthracis by microscopic examination of stained smears OR Detection of Bacillus anthracis by nucleic acid testing. Clinical evidence Cutaneous: skin lesion evolving over 1-6 days from a papular through a vesicular stage, to a depressed black eschar invariably accompanied by oedema that may be mild to extensive OR Gastrointestinal: abdominal distress characterised by nausea, vomiting, anorexia and followed by fever OR Rapid onset of hypoxia, dyspnoea and high temperature, with radiological evidence of mediastinal widening OR Meningeal: acute onset of high fever, convulsions, loss of consciousness and meningeal signs and symptoms. confirmed notified. Confirmed
Paratyphoid Reporting Only confirmed cases should be case A confirmed case requires laboratory definitive evidence only. Laboratory definitive evidence Isolation or detection of Salmonella Paratyphi A or S. Paratyphi B (excluding S. Paratyphi B biovar Java) or S. Paratyphi C.
Pertussis Reporting Both confirmed cases and probable cases should be case A case requires either: Laboratory definitive evidence OR Laboratory suggestive evidence AND clinical evidence Probable case A probable case requires clinical evidence AND epidemiological evidence Laboratory evidence Isolation of Bordetella pertussis OR Detection of B. pertussis by nucleic acid testing OR Seroconversion in paired sera for B. pertussis using whole cell or specific B. pertussis antigen(s) in the absence of recent pertussis vaccination Laboratory suggestive evidence In the absence of recent vaccination Significant change (increase or decrease) in antibody level (IgG, IgA) to B. pertussis whole cell or B. pertussis specific antigen(s) OR Single high IgG and/or IgA titre to Pertussis Toxin (PT) OR Single high IgA titre to Whole Cell B. pertussis antigen. Clinical evidence A coughing illness lasting two or more weeks OR Paroxysms of coughing OR inspiratory whoop OR post-tussive vomiting. Epidemiological evidence An epidemiological link is established when there is: Contact between two people involving a plausible mode of transmission at a time when: one of them is likely to be infectious (from the catarrhal stage, approximately one week before, to three weeks after onset of cough) AND Confirmed notified.
Pneumococcal disease (invasive) Reporting Only confirmed cases should be case A case requires laboratory definitive evidence only. Laboratory evidence Isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site by culture OR Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site by nucleic acid testing. Confirmed notified.
Syphilis - congenital Reporting Both confirmed cases and probable cases should be notified, including syphilis-related stiilbirth.1 case A confirmed case requires laboratory definitive evidence. Laboratory definitive evidence Mother and child both seropositive by a treponemal specific test2 AND One or more of the following: Direct demonstration of Treponema pallidum by any of the following: nucleic acid amplification (NAA) test, dark field microscopy, antibody or silver stain - in specimens from lesions, nasal discharge, placenta, umbilical cord, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), amniotic fluid or autopsy material OR Detection of Treponema pallidum specific IgM in the child OR The child’s serum non-treponemal3 serology titre at birth is at least fourfold greater than the mother's titre. Probable case A probable case requires laboratory suggestive evidence AND clinical evidence. Laboratory suggestive evidence Direct demonstration of Treponema pallidum as described under laboratory definitive evidence (above), but without serological confirmation in the child. OR Child seropositive on non-treponemal testing in the absence of IgM testing OR A reactive CSF non-treponemal test (VDRL or RPR) in a child. OR A child who remains seropositive by a treponemal specific test at 15 months of age, which is confirmed either by another, different reactive treponemal specific test or a reactive non-treponemal test, in the absence of post-natal exposure to Treponema pallidum , including the non-venereal subspecies Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue (Yaws) or subsp. endemicum (Bejel, endemic syphilis). Clinical evidence 1. Any evidence of congenital syphilis on physical examination OR 2. Any evidence of congenital syphilis on radiographs of long bones