K: Writing Standard 1 College and Career Readiness (CCR) Anchor Writing Standard (1): Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. Grade K: Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose opinion pieces in which they tell a reader the topic or the name of the book they are writing about and state an opinion or preference about the topic or book (e.g., My favorite book is…). Grade 1: Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or name the book they are writing about, state an opinion, supply a reason for the opinion, and provide some sense of closure. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts With prompting and support… Identify the title of a book or topic to write about Tell about a topic or name a book Recognize what an opinion is an opinion or preference about a book or topic Combine drawing, dictating and writing to create an opinion piece Support the opinion or preference with reason(s), example(s), and/or fact(s) Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose opinion pieces in which they tell a reader the topic or the name of the book they are writing about and state an opinion or preference about the topic or book Opinion Book title(s) Reason(s) Example(s)/fact(s) Evidence/Support What is the name of the book? What is the What do you think about the topic or, what do you think about the book? Why do you think this? What picture can you draw to show your opinion? What can you say about your picture? What title can you give your picture? KW10: of Writing (Begins in 3rd Grade) - Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.
and irrelevant reasons Choose reasons based on facts, examples, and/or evidence that support the opinion Prioritize reasons Elaborate on each reason Provide reasons that support the opinion reasons/support Elaboration Prioritize What reasons did you give to support your opinion? Are other reasons you could include? Are there any reasons here that don’t support your opinion? Is there additional information you could you add to each reason? c. Use linking words and phrases (e.g., because, therefore, since, for example) to connect opinion and reasons. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts Provide examples that connect to the reasons using linking words Determine linking words that best connect the reasons Use linking when stating a new point Use linking words when shifting from stating reasons to providing evidence Use linking and phrases (e.g., because, therefore, since, for example) to connect opinion and reasons Linking (e.g., because, therefore, since, for example) What linking words did you use? Did they help you make connections between your reasons and evidence? Why did you use a linking word here? Have you connected your reasons and evidence with linking words such as because, therefore, since and for example? d. Provide a concluding statement or section. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts Recognize closure techniques for creating a concluding statement or section Provide a concluding statement or section Concluding statement or section Techniques for closure (e.g., reinforcement, quotation, personal story, question) Which technique did you choose to create your concluding statement or section? Does your concluding statement or section help the reader consider the point one more time? 3W10: of Writing - Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.
6: Writing Standard 1 College and Career Readiness (CCR) Anchor Writing Standard 1: arguments to support claim(s)s in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. Grade 5: Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons and information. Grade 6: Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. Grades 7: Write arguments to support claim(s) with clear reasons and relevant evidence. a. Introduce a claim(s) and organize the reasons and evidence clearly. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts Identify a topic of argument Distinguish pros and cons Develop a Develop a hook that grabs your reader’s attention Develop relevant reasons to support the Prioritize and organize reasons and evidence logically to support claims Introduce a claim(s) and organize the reasons and evidence clearly argument claim hook (e.g., interesting fact, anecdote, statistic) facts, reasons, details relevant and supporting evidence What do you claim and why? How can you introduce a claim effectively? How can you grab the reader’s attention? How can you use relevant reasons to support my claim? How are your claims and reasons organized? What evidence, from reliable sources, do you offer to support your claim? b. Support with clear reasons and relevant evidence, using credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text. Progression to Mastery Differentiate between credible/non credible sources Differentiate between relevant/irrelevant reasons Include an appropriate variety of reasons/evidence, including primary and secondary sources in order to effectively support a claim Support claim(s) with clear reasons and relevant evidence, using credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text. Key Concepts claim reasons relevant/irrelevant evidence facts details credible/non credible sources supporting evidence Guiding Prompts How can you determine whether or not a source is credible? How can you support your claim with logical reasoning? Do you have relevant evidence? How do you know? Is your evidence accurate and do your sources show understanding of the topic or text? c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify the relationships among claim(s) and reasons. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts
evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text Logical connection (Tie in or warrant) Accuracy and credibility (W8) source? c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), reasons, and evidence. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts Choose appropriate phrases and clauses that create cohesion to strengthen and further your argument Identify how words, phrases, and clauses, as well as varied syntax, can link major sections of text. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), reasons, and evidence. Cohesive and transitional devices (e.g., words, phrases, clauses) Effective transitional phrases syntax transition clarify precise words Use questions and prompts such as: Which words, phrases and clauses help provide cohesion for the reader? How are your claims & reasons organized? How do the words, phrases, and clauses used develop, link, and strengthen the relationships between claim(s), evidence, and opposing or alternate claims(s)? d. Establish and maintain a formal style. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts Identify and define formal style Address the needs of the audience through style Sustain a consistent style and objective tone that suggests some critical distance from the subject or claim Establish and maintain formal style Formal style Informal style Audience Objective tone What is a formal style? What makes your piece formal in style? Which words and tone are appropriate for the occasion and audience? Is my tone objective? e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts Identify key concepts to review Construct a brief recap of the key concepts Reiterates how the support for the claim outweighed the opposing or alternate claim Provide an impactful final statement that addresses the significance of the argument Provide a concluding Effective conclusion (e.g., one that provides call to action/next step or answers the “so what” question, moves beyond summary) How does a concluding statement provide support to the argument presented and the overall piece? How can I prepare an effective concluding statement or sections that supports my claim and outweighs the opposing/alternate claim? What does my conclusion
b. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts Determine accuracy and credibility of sources Differentiate between relevant and irrelevant reasons/evidence Include an appropriate variety of reasons/evidence including primary and secondary sources Create a logical connection between the claim and evidence Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text logical reasoning supporting evidence credible source difference between relevant and irrelevant evidence reasons and relevant evidence (e.g., relevant facts, statistics, credible personal and expert opinions and/or examples) Reasoned and logical argument/case Logical connection (Tie in or warrant) Accuracy and credibility (W8) How do I support my claim with logical reasoning? How do I use credible evidence to support my claim? In sentence________, how does the author supports his counter argument with relevant evidence? Does the data come from a credible source? Is the data accurate and does it come from a credible source? c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaim(s), reasons, and evidence. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts Recognize connections among claims, reasons and evidence Recognize connection between claim and counterclaim Clarify connections using appropriate transitional words, phrases and clauses Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims(s), reasons, and evidence. Cohesion Words, phrases, and clauses that work as transitions between major sections in the text What are the connections claims, reason and evidence? What are the connections between the and counterclaim? Which words, phrases, and/or clauses link one major section of your writing with the next? d. Establish and maintain a formal style. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts Identify and define formal style Address the needs of the audience through style Sustain a consistent style and objective tone that Formal style Informal style Audience Objective tone What is a formal style? What your piece formal in style? Which words and tone are appropriate for the occasion and audience?
GRADES 9-10: Writing Standard 1 College and Career Readiness (CCR) Anchor Writing Standard 1: Write arguments to support claim(s)s in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. Grade 8: Write arguments to support claim(s) with clear reasons and relevant evidence. Grade 9-10: Write arguments to support claim(s) in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. Grades 11-12: arguments to support claim(s) in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. Introduce precise distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claim(s), and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaim(s), reasons, and evidence. Progression to Mastery Key Concepts Guiding Prompts Identify a debatable, substantive issue Narrow the issue to a reasonable scope Select a position or claim Engage reader with an intriguing opening Narrow and refine the claim to establish a precise thesis Provide context to the claim (e.g. put essay in perspective) Develop relevant reasons to support the claim Identify alternate or opposing claims Prioritize and organize reasons and evidence logically to support claims Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claim(s), and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaim(s), reasons, and evidence. Substantive topics Claim Opening (e.g. vivid description, engaging questions, anecdote, quotation, statement of fact) Thesis statement Context Alternate or opposing claims Evidence Reasons Relationship between claims and reasons Strategies for dealing with opposing point of view (e.g., rebuttal, concession, acknowledgement) What argument are you making about this topic, i.e., what is your claim? How can I refine my topic/claim to produce a more precise thesis? What is the connection between your claim and the evidence or reasons you have chosen? Have you established a purpose for your essay? How can you order the evidence, reasons, and counter claim to best support your claim?