Conduction can happen within one object. Convection is the movement of thermal energy by liquids or gases. Convection in the oceans and atmosphere helps move thermal energy around Earth and influences weather and climate. Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves can carry energy through places with or without any matter. The sun is the main source of electromagnetic energy on Earth. Light is used by producers to make food. Explain how heating and cooling affect some materials and how this relates to their purpose and practical applications. 5.P.3.2 Heating and cooling can cause changes in the properties of materials, but not all materials respond the same way to differing temperatures. Water can turn into boiling water OR ice… Many kinds of changes occur faster at higher temperatures. Some materials conduct heat much better than others and poor conductors can reduce heat loss (conductors vs. insulators). Weather Climate WEATHER is the condition of the outside air or atmosphere at a PARTICULAR TIME and PLACE. It CAN CHANGE QUICKLY. ELEMENTS OF WEATHER: Air temperature Air pressure Humidity Precipitation Clouds & Fog Wind Climate is the OVERALL WEATHER PATTERN of PRECIPITATION and TEMPERATURE in a CERTAIN AREA OVER TIME. Climate zones explain weather patterns and plant & animal life of particular areas (biomes & ecosystems). “Weather changes day to day, but climate mostly stays the same.” “If you’re on a mountain, it would be easier to enjoy the weather than to CLIMATE (climb it).” ;) – Ben Goodridge, Class of 2021 As elevation increases, the higher the air pressure, and the cooler it gets (temperature drops). It also gets more windy because convection causes the cool air to drop and warm air to rise. Air is lighter the higher it is and so the cool air falls much more quickly. Heat radiates from the sun which causes water to evaporate from bodies of water into the clouds. When water collects in the sky, clouds are formed (condensation).
0˚ Celsius is FREEZING POINT (32˚F) and 100˚ Celsius is BOILING POINT (212˚F)! FORMULA: °C x 9/5 + 32 = °F (°F - 32) x 5/9 = °C Examples 1) Convert 37°C to Fahrenheit. 37°C x 9/5 + 32 = 98.6°F OR 37°C x 9 + 32 = 98.6°F 5 2) Convert 98.6°F to Celsius. (98.6°F - 32) x 5/9 = 37°C OR (98.6°F - 32) x 5 = 37°C 9 An Estimated Formula… (In case you don’t need an exact conversion) From CELSIUS to FAHRENHEIT: ( °C x 2) + 30 = °F From FAHRENHEIT to CELSIUS: (°F – 30)/2 = °C
A large body of air that has the same temperature and moisture level throughout… FOUR Major Air Masses in the US: Continental Polar – dry, cold Maritime Polar – wet, cold Continental Tropical – dry, warm Maritime Tropical – wet, warm Cold Front Warm Front Happens with a cold air mass pushes a warm air mass upward Cumulous clouds form Heavy rain, thunderstorms, and snow Warm air mass catches up with a cold air mass and passes OVER it Stratus clouds form Light and steady precipitation Other Wind Descriptions: Windward Facing the wind; The WET side of the mountain! Leeward Facing away from the wind; downward from wind; sheltered from wind; The DRY side of the mountain! Prevailing winds, prevailing winds, from one place and up the side, to the peak & down the side Prevailing winds, prevailing winds, you know the windward’s up the side, and the leeward’s down the side