6 – German Reformation Anticlericalism Pluralism / Dualism Absenteeism Martin Luther University of Wittenberg “faith alone, grace alone, Scripture alone” (Justification by faith alone) Pope Leo X Indulgence Purgatory Albert of Mainz & Indulgences Johanne Tetzel & Indulgences 95 Theses on the Power of Indulgences - 1517 Johann Eck Excommunicated Clergy and Lay people Charles V Diet Diet of Worms - 1521 “I cannot and will not recant anything. Here I stand. I can do no more.” Frederick of Saxony Ulrich Zwingli Protestant Priesthood of all believers Transubstantiation [Consubstantiation] (look up) Elector of Saxony [Frederic of Saxony] Anabaptists, Quakers, Congregationalists German Peasants’ War of 1525 [Peasant’s Rebellion] Priesthood of All Believers 7a – English Reformation English Reformation Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon Henry’s brother Arthur Papal dispensation Daughter Mary Anne Boleyn Relation to Charles V – relationship to Catherine Papal jurisdiction Thomas More Jane Seymour Son, Edward
War of Austrian Succession {King George’s War} Seven Years War {French and Indian War} Peter III “first servant of the State” (Frederick) Catherine the Great Peter III of Russia Pugachev’s Rebellion Partition of Poland Maria Theresa Charles VI (only in relation to Maria Theresa) Joseph II (r. 1780-1790) Leopold II (r.1790-1792) Other words to know Archduchess of Austria, Holy Roman Empress French and Indian War King George’s War Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 4 – Agricultural Revolution (Working the Land) & Population Explosion 80% of the people in western countries Open Field System (three field system) Gleaning of grain Agricultural revolution (1650-1850) The common Enclosure Jethro Tull Seed Drill Enclosure Movement Proletarianization Other words to know Charles “Turnip” Townsend Robert Bakewell Population Explosion Population explosion of 1700s [Change in mortality] [Following the 1722 Black Death outbreak] [Effect of the potato] 5 - Growth of cities and towns Cottage industry Putting out system Textiles John Jay – Flying shuttle “spinsters”
Pablo Picasso – Cubism (not in book) Guernica – Pablo Picasso, 1937 Dadaism Salvador Dali – Surrealism Igor Sravinsky Arnold Schonberg Mass Culture Department stores consumerism “new woman” Cinema and radio Silent film The Triumph of Will Guiglielmo Marconi BBC LESSON #7 – SEARCH FOR POLITICAL STABILITY (1920s) and GREAT DEPRESSION (1930s) Versailles Settlement John Maynard Keynes Little Entente 132 billion gold marks ($33 billion) / 2.5 billion marks/year Weimar Republic Ruhr district “black shame” Gustav Stressmann Dawes Plan Locarno Agreement Kellogg-Briand Pact Mein Kampf Labour Party Ramsay MacDonald Great Depression Buying on margin Housing boom (in Britain) Popular Front Leon Blum Spanish Civil War LESSON #8 – DICTATORS OF THE 1930s
IRA Ulster National Government – Labour Ramsay MacDonald - 1931 Italian Corporations Chamber of Corporations Ethiopia – 1935 Spanish Civil War (1936-1938) Francisco Franco Stressa Front Maginot Line LESSON #10 – WORLD WAR II Blitzkrieg Denmark, Norway, and Holland Evacuation at Dunkirk Winston Churchill Battle of Britain Hitler’s New Order Collaborators Marshal Petain – Vichy regime Other words to know Russian invasion of Finland Charles de Gaulle – Free France Emergency powers Act in Britain RAF (Royal Air Force) Italian invasion of Greece Operation Barbarossa Atlantic Charter Italian Campaign – “soft underbelly” Bombing of Germany – Americans by day, Brits by night LESSON #11 – THE HOLOCAUST, The HINGE OF FATE and ALLIED VICTORY Holocaust Ghettos Einsatzgruppen (Special Action Units) “the final solution” concentration camps Auschwitz-Birkenau 6,000,000 Jews Grande Alliance Great Patriotic War Battle of El Alamein Dresden, Hamburg, Berlin, Cologne
“socialism with a human face” Leonid Brezhnev Brezhnev Doctrine LESSON #5 – CHANGING CONSENSUS IN WESTERN EUROPE Feminists and environmentalists Neo-nationalist political parties Six-Day War OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Islamic Revolution of 1979 Stagflation The Common Market The European Economic Community “tiger economies” Postindustrial society “rust belts” Misery index Conservative backlash Neoliberalism Privatization Margaret Thatcher “the Thatcher Years” – 1980s “Iron Lady” Falklands War (1982) John Major Helmut Kohl Dismantling of the Berlin Wall (1989) Reunification of Germany (1990) Francois Mitterrand Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan New ecologists ETA IRA LESSON #6 – THE BREZSHNEV AND GORBECHEV ERA (Decline of Really Existing Socialism and The Revolutions of 1989) Mikhail Gorbachev Really Existing Socialism Charter 77 (in Czechoslovakia in 1977) Cardinal Karol Wojtyla Pope John Paul II Gdansk Lech Walesa