Unit 5: Civil War and Reconstruction I. Antebellum Compromise of 1850 Agreement between northern and southern states; admitted California as a free state and New Mexico and Utah could vote on slavery. GA Platform This document stated that GA would remain in the Union as long as the . North abided by the Compromise of 1850. Republican New political party that opposed slavery; created prior to the Civil War; Lincoln belonged to this party States’ Rights One of the major causes of the American Civil War; belief that the interests of a state is greater than the interests of the national government. Slaves Forced labor; provided most of the labor in the south during Antebellum Abolitionist People who worked/fought to get rid of slavery Nullification Legal theory that states had the right to invalidate (not follow) any law they believed to be unconstitutional 7a. Secession Seen as a right to overthrow bad government; means to break away from Dred Slave whose case went to the U.S. Supreme Court; argued that he was free because he had lived in a ; U.S. Supreme Court decided in favor of the owner ruling that slaves were property Abraham Lincoln American President during the Civil War; elected President in 1860 Slavery was moving out West Why did slavery become an issue for the North, which led to the Civil War? 10a. Alexander Stephens Vice President of the CSA and the “Voice of Reason” 10b. Jefferson Davis President of the CSA 10c. Railroads Replaced steamboats; primary transportation for cotton; could travel inland Cotton Main agricultural (farming) product produced in the South; the economy of the south was based on this product 11a. Missouri Compromise Agreement that Missouri would be a slave state; Maine would be a free State; slavery is prohibited North of Missouri’s Southern border 11b. Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas became a free state; Nebraska became free after the war; “Bleeding Kansas” occurred II. The Civil War Union Blockade (Anaconda Plan) Northern war strategy; close off southern ports to keep the south from exporting and importing goods
Emancipation Proclamation Document issued by Abraham Lincoln that declared the freedom for all slaves in states that were still in rebellion against the if they did not surrender; took effect on January 1, 1863 Antietam Civil War battle near , on September 17, 1862; bloodiest single day battle of the American Civil War Joseph E. Brown Governor of GA during the Civil War William Tecumseh Sherman Union general that led the March to the Sea and the burning of Andersonville Confederate Civil War prison where thousands of Union soldiers died from dehydration, starvation, and/or disease Civil War battle where the wins control of an important railroad center near Civil War battle; three day battle (July 1 to July 3, 1863); won while suffering 23,000 casualties; Confederacy suffered 28,000 casualties III. Reconstruction Freedmen’s Bureau Colleges, such as , began through the work of this organization which was created to help freed slaves after the Civil War 13th Amendment Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery Henry McNeal Turner One of the first black men to win election to ’s General Assembly in the election of 1867 Reconstruction Period of time, after the Civil War, when the South was required to undergo political, social, and economic change in order to reenter the 14th Amendment Constitutional amendment that granted citizenship to freedmen; required freedmen to be given “equal protection under the law” Ku Klux Klan Secret organization that was created the Civil War; terrorized blacks to try and keep them from voting 15th Amendment Constitutional amendment that gave all males the right to vote regardless of race/ethnicity Sharecropper Landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops Produced Tenant Farming Tenant uses land and pays rent, whether in cash or crop 3 that were used to help establish the Reconstruction era (make sure you know what each plan did!) Lincoln’s Plan, Johnson’s Plan, Radical Rep Plan