a review of history, ecology, and predictive models with implications for tropical northern Australia. Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases 8(2):1-15. Jansen CC and Beebe NW 2010. The dengue vector Aedes aegypti: what comes next. Microbes and Infection 12(4):272-279. Mosquito Control Association of Australia 2008. Australian Mosquito Control Manual. Mosquito Control Association of Australia, Gold Coast. Russell RC 1990. Mosquitoes and Mosquito Borne Disease in Southeastern Australia, Department of Medical Entomology, Westmead Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney. Russell RC 1998. Vectors vs. humans in Australia - who is on top down under? Journal of Vector Ecology23 (1):1-46. Russell RC 2009. Mosquito-borne disease and climate change in Australia: time for a reality check. Australian Journal of Entomology 48(1):1-7. Russell RC and Kay BH 2004. Medical entomology: changes in the spectrum of disease in Australia and other vector threats and risks, 1972-2004. Australian Journal of Entomology 43(3):271-282. Russell TL and Kay BH 2008. Biologically based insecticides for the control of immature Australian mosquitoes: a review. Australian Journal of Entomology 47(3):232-242. Russell RC, Currie BJ, Lindsay MD, Mackenzie JS, Ritchie SA and Whelan PI 2009. Dengue and climate change in Australia: prediction for the future should incorporate knowledge from the past. Medical Journal of Australia 190(5):265-268. Silver JB 2008. Mosquito Ecology: Field Sampling Methods, 3rd edition, Springer, New York. Strickman D, Frances SP and Debboun M 2009. Prevention of Bug Bites, Stings and Disease, Oxford University Press, New York. Webb CE and Russell RC (2009) Living with Mosquitoes in the Lower Hunter and Mid-North Coast Region of NSW. NSW Premier's Department, Newcastle. The Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus Exotic mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases
See also abdomen, thorax Protozoan (plural protozoa) A type of microscopic animal that consists of one cell. They are often larger than bacteria and reproduce differently. Protozoa can be either parasitic or free-living. Many protozoa that affect humans invade the red blood cells, such as the protozoan that causes malaria. See also bacterium, host, parasite Pupa (plural pupae) The stage of an insect's life cycle where it transforms from larva into adult. The pupae do not feed. Insects with a nymph stage do not have a pupal stage. See also larva, life cycle, nymph Pyrethroid (synthetic) A synthetic chemical that kills non-insecticide-resistant insects. Some synthetic pyrethroids, particularly those in space sprays, act as a quick knockdown that rapidly disables the insects, while others are much slower acting and tend to be applied to surfaces as a residual (long-lasting) insecticide. See also insecticide Questing The action of a tick when it crawls up a plant and waves its forelegs around, searching for a nearby host to latch on to. See also host Rickettsia A bacteria-like organism that is very small and lives as an intracellular parasite in arthropods. They are often transmitted by mites, ticks and lice (and less commonly in Australia, by fleas), and can cause disease in humans and other animals. See also bacterium, biological transmission, parasite Secondary infection Infection with a disease-causing microorganism that happens as a result of previous damage. Secondary infections of arthropod bites can occur after excessive scratching of the bite site, which breaks the skin and allows microorganisms to enter the body. See also infection, microorganism Species A classification of organisms that are similar enough to each other so that they can successfully breed fertile offspring. Synthetic pyrethroid See pyrethroid (synthetic) Thorax In insects, the section between the head and the abdomen. The thorax is made up of different segments and the prothorax is the segment directly behind the head.
Western Australian Insect Study Society, (www.insectsocietywa.org.au) Western Australian Museum, (www.museum.wa.gov.au) Contact details for further advice on arthropod pests Jurisdictional and institution contacts for further advice on identification, biology and management of arthropod pests of public health significance. State or Territory Agency Phone Website ACT ACT Health Health Protection Service 13 2281 http://health.act.gov.au New South Wales Westmead Hospital Medical Entomology 02 9845 7548 http://medent.usyd.edu.au/ Australian Museum Search & Discovery 02 9320 6000 http://australianmuseum.net.au NSW Health Environmental Health 1300 066 055 http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/ Northern Territory NT of Health Centre for Disease Control Medical Entomology 08 Museum Ask an expert 07 3840 7555 http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/ QLD Health Queensland Health's Communicable Diseases Branch 07 3328 9724 http://www.health.qld.gov.au/mozziediseases James Cook University Public Health & Tropical Medicine 07 4042 1111 http://www.jcu.edu.au/phtmrs/ South Australia University of South Australia Mosquitoes and Public Health Research Group 08 8302 1906 Museum Collections & Research 03 6211 4134 http://www.tmag.tas.gov.au