FRAMEWORK, PERCEPTION OF This section of report includes 8 questions, which are intended to identify the overall understanding of the members of “Yervandashsat” Cooperative of cooperatives. Understanding the concept of “Cooperative” The focus group revealed that 7 members of ”Yervandashat” Cooperative first time encountered the idea of sovkhozes from their parents inherited from Soviet Union in 1980’s. In 1984, the “Karap” Collective Farm was established on the basis of equal investments of the parents of “Yervandashat” Cooperative’s current 8 members. In 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union the “Karap” Collective Farm has been dissolved. In 2010, with the support of the U.S. “United Methodist Committee on Relief” NGO Armenian branch (UMCOR), “Center for Agribusiness and Rural Development" (CARD) the “Yervandashat” Agricultural Consumer Cooperative, encompassing of 36 cooperative members, was established. The annual membership fee of the “Yervandashat” Agricultural Consumer Cooperative has amounted to 1000 AMD. After one the membership fees of Cooperative has been eliminated. There were several trainings offered by U.S. “United Methodist Committee on Relief” NGO Armenian branch (UMCOR) and Center for Agribusiness and Rural Development (CARD), which further enhanced the professional skills of Cooperative’s members. In 2011, the “Yervandashat” Agricultural Consumer Cooperative has hired a Marketing and Social Media Manager. In 2012, through the efficient work of Marketing and Social Media Manager the Cooperative signed a contract with “Azbuka Vkusa” (“Alphabet of Taste”), which is a Russian private network of 64 supermarkets, carrying out operations in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Moscow region. According to contract, during 2012-2013 the “Yervandashat” Cooperative will sell dried fruit in “Azbuka Vkusa” (“Alphabet of
THE COMPARISON OF BUSINESS PARTNERSHIPS AND COMPANIES, FULL PARTNERSHIP, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND COOPERATIVES This section of report identifies the differences between Business Partnerships and Companies, Full Partnership, Limited Partnership and Cooperatives. The detailed analysis has been proposed based on Articles 72-94 and 117-121 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Armenia. The Table 10 compares the Business Partnerships and Companies, Full Partnership, Limited Partnership and Cooperatives. Table 10. The comparison of Business Partnerships and Companies, Full Partnership, Limited Partnership and Cooperatives Business partnerships and companies Full partnership limited partnership cooperatives Article 72. Business partnerships and companies are commercial organizations with charter or contributed capital, which encompasses the ownership shares of the founders or participants. In cases stipulated by the present Code, a business company may be created by one person. The property of business partnership and Article 77. 1. A full partnership is one, where participants (general partners), in accordance with the charter are conducting entrepreneurial activity in the name of the partnership and bear liability for its obligations with the property belonging to them. 2. A person may be a participant in only one full partnership. Article 90. 1. A limited partnership is a partnership in which, along with participants conducting entrepreneurial activity in the name of the partnership and being liable for the obligations of the partnership with their property (general partners), there are one or more (limited partners), who bear the risk of losses connected with the activity of the partnership within the limits of the amounts of contributions made by them and do not take part in the conduct by the partnership of Article 117. A cooperative is a voluntary amalgamation based on the membership of citizens and legal persons and is intended to satisfy the financial and other needs of the participants. The property of a cooperative is based on the combined property and participatory share contributions made by members.
company is based on the founders’ or participants’ contributions and the property that was produced or acquired by the business partnership or company during its activity. entrepreneurial activity. 3. A person may be a general partner only in one limited partnership. A participant in a full partnership may not be a general partner in a limited partnership. A general partner in a limited partnership may not be a participant in a full partnership.
those that compile the core activity of the partnership. If this rule is violated, the partnership has the right to demand compensation from a participant for the losses incurred or benefits obtained from such transactions. contributor or a third person. Article 74. 1. Business partnerships and companies may be transformed into business partnerships and companies of another type by decision of the general meeting of participants by the procedure established by the present Code. 2. After transformation of a partnership into a company, each general partner that has become a participant (or stockholder) of the company shall bear for two years subsidiary liability with all his property for obligations that have passed to the company from the partnership. The dismissal by the Article 89. A full partnership may be liquidated on the bases indicated in Article 67 of the present Code and also in the case when a single participant remains in the partnership. Such a participant shall have the right within six months from the time when he became the sole participant in the partnership to transform such a partnership into a business company by the procedure established by the present Code. Article 94. 1. A limited partnership shall be liquidated upon the exit of all contributors participating in it. Meanwhile, the general partners shall have the alternative right to avoid the liquidation by transforming the limited partnership into a full partnership. However, a limited partnership shall be maintained if at least one general partner and one contributor remains in it. 2. Upon liquidation of a limited partnership, including in case of bankruptcy, the contributors shall have a priority right ahead of the general partners to receipt of their contributions from the property of the partnership remaining after satisfaction of the claims of its creditors. Article 121. A cooperative may be voluntarily reorganized or liquidated by decision of the general meeting of its members.
THE COMPARISON OF LLC, JOINT-STOCK COMPANY AND COOPERATIVES This section of report identifies the differences between Limited Liability Company, Company and Cooperatives. The detailed analysis has been proposed based on Articles 95-121 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Armenia. The Table 11 compares the Limited Liability Company, Joint-Stock Company and Cooperatives. Table 11. The comparison of LLC, Joint-Stock Company and Cooperatives Limited liability company JOINT-STOCK COMPANY cooperatives Article 95. 1. A limited liability company is a company founded by one or several persons, the charter capital of which is divided into ownership shares of amounts determined by the charter. The participants in a limited liability company are not liable for its obligations; they bear the risk of losses connected with the activity of the company within the limits of the value of the contributions made by them. Article 106. 1. A joint-stock company is a company whose charter capital is divided into defined number of shares of stock. 2. The issuance of shares of stock is the exclusive right of joint-stock companies 3. The participants or the stockholders of a joint-stock company are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk of losses only within the limits of the value of the shares of stock belonging to them. 4. One person may create the joint-stock company or it may consist of one person if all the shares of stock of the company are acquired by that person. This information should be contained in the charter of the company, be registered, and be published for general information. Meantime, the business company consisting of one person may not be a sole participant in a joint-stock company. Article 107. 1. Open joint-stock company is a joint-stock company Article 117. A cooperative is a voluntary amalgamation based on the membership of citizens and legal persons and is intended to satisfy the financial and other needs of the participants. The property of cooperative is based on the combined property participatory share contributions made by members.
whose participants can distribute the shares of stock belonging to them without the consent of the other stockholders. It has the right to conduct open subscription to shares of stock issued by it and to their free sale on the conditions established by a statute and other legal acts. 2. The annual report and balance sheet is subject to publication for general information each year. Article 108. 1. Closed joint-stock company whose participants can distribute the shares of stock belonging to them only among its founders or other previously identified group of persons. It does not have the right to conduct open subscription to shares of stock issued by it nor otherwise to propose them for sale to an unlimited group of persons. 2. If the number of participants in a closed company exceeds the limit established by the statute on joint-stock companies the company shall be subject to transformation into an open joint-stock company within a year, and on the expiration of this time period, to liquidation by judicial procedure, if their number is not reduced to the limit established by the statute. Article 97. The charter of a limited liability company must contain terms on the amount of the charter capital of the Article 110. The charter of a joint-stock company must contain conditions on the types of shares of stock issued by the Article 118. 1. Property under the possession of a cooperative is divided into the participatory shares of its members.
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Table A15. Red Plum Production Costs per 1 hectare Table A16. Peach Production Costs per 1 hectare Table A17. Time and Resource Allocation of Research Paper Table A18. Survey Questionnaire of Yervandashat Cooperative Dependent Variable Explanation Answer alternatives agriced “I think that joint farming in an agricultural cooperative is an efficient way for doing agricultural production in Armenia.” A Likert scale that was ranging from (1 – 6) with scale ends “strongly agree (=1)”, “agree (=2)”, “somewhat agree (=3)”, “undecided (=4)”, “disagree (=5)”, to “strongly disagree (=6)”. Independent Variables Involvement dreadbal “To which extent do you read the balance sheet and the profit-and-loss account of the annual report?” A Likert scale that was ranging from (1 – 6) with scale ends “very carefully (=1)”, “carefully (=2)”, “not very carefully (=3)”, “somewhat carefully (=4)”, “not carefully (=5)”, “sometimes”, to “not at all (=6)”. dpart “Do you always take part in the general assembly meetings?” A Likert scale that was ranging from (1 – 6) with scale ends “every time (=1)”, “very frequently (=2)”,