Diptera (flies) Bactrocera curvipennis (Froggatt, 1909) [Tephritidae] Banana fruit fly No. Previously reported from the island of Aneityum in southern Vanuatu in 1930 (Allwood et al. 1997) but it is no longer considered to be present (Drew and Romig 2001). No record found. Assessment not required. Not present in assessed countries. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) [Tephritidae] Oriental fruit fly No. Incursion in the Cook Islands (SPC 2013) has been eradicated (Vargas et al. 2015; CABI 2016). No. An incursion in Far North Queensland was eradicated in 1999 (under the name of Bactrocera papayae) and has been detected and eradicated from Torres Strait islands a number of times (Cantrell et al. 2002). Assessment not required. Not present in assessed countries. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Bactrocera kirki (Froggatt, 1911) [Tephritidae] Fruit fly Niue, Samoa, Tonga (White and 1994). No record found. No. Bactrocera kirki was bred from damaged fruit exposed to gravid females in laboratory cage trials in Samoa (Heimoana et al. 1997a), but there is no evidence of field infestation. Tahitian limes are not considered a host. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No
Hemiptera (aphids, leafhoppers, mealybugs, scales, true bugs, whiteflies) Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell, 1879) [Diaspididae] Red scale Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu (Watson 2016; SPC 2016). Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic. and WA (Poole 2010; Donaldson and Tsang 2002). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Aonidiella inornata McKenzie, 1938 [Diaspididae] Papaya red scale Samoa, Vanuatu (García Morales et al. 2016; Williams and Butcher 1987). Yes. NT, Qld and WA (Poole 2010; Donaldson and Tsang 2002). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 [Aphididae] Cowpea aphid Cook Islands, Samoa, Tonga (SPC 2016; CABI 2016). Yes. NSW, Qld, Tas., Vic. and WA (Hollis and Eastop 2005). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 [Aphididae] Cotton aphid Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu (SPC 2016). Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic. and WA (Hollis and Eastop 2005). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Aspidiotus destructor Signoret, 1869 [Diaspididae] Coconut scale Samoa, Vanuatu, (Miller and Davidson 2005), Tonga (SPC 2016). Yes. NSW, NT, Qld and WA (Poole 2010; Donaldson and Tsang 2002). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) [Aleyrodidae] Whitefly Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Vanuatu (De Barro et al. 1998). Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic. and WA (Martin and Gillespie 2001). ‘Nauru’ biotype not known to be present in Australia (DeBarro et al. 2011), and is a Declared Organism (Prohibited - section 12) for WA (Government of Western Australia 2017). No. Not associated with the fruit. Adults and nymphs feed on the leaves of host plants (EPPO 1997). The ‘Nauru’ biotype, which is not known to be present in Australia, but the most widely distributed biotype in the Pacific, has not been recorded on citrus (De Barro et al. 1998). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798) [Coccidae] Indian wax scale Cook Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu (Garcia Morales et al. 2016). Yes. NSW, Qld and WA (Qin and Gullan 1994). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, 1893 [Coccidae] Pink wax scale Cook Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu (Garcia Morales et al. 2016), Niue (Williams and Watson 1990), Tonga (SPC 2016). Yes. ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, Vic. and WA (Qin and Gullan 1994). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Chrysomphalus aonidum (L., 1758) [Diaspididae] Florida red scale Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga (Garcia Morales et al. 2016; Watson 2016). Yes. NSW, NT, Qld and WA (Poole 2010; Donaldson and Tsang 2002). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No
Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan, 1889) [Diaspididae] Spanish red scale Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga (Watson 2016). Yes. Qld (Donaldson and Tsang 2002). Declared Organism (Prohibited - section 12) for WA (Government of Western Australia 2017). Yes. Highly polyphagous pest associated with a number of citrus species. Typically found on the upper surface of the leaves but can also infest fruit (Stout 1982; Miller and Davidson 2005). Yes. This species has already established in Qld and has a wide distribution globally. It is highly polyphagous (Garcia Morales et al. 2016) and feeds on many plants that are common in Australia. Yes. This species is a serious pest of citrus in the western Mediterranean, Greece and Iran (Garcia Morales et al. 2016). Yes (WA) Coccus hesperidum L., 1758 [Coccidae] Soft scale Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga (Williams and Watson 1990), Vanuatu (Williams and Butcher 1987). Yes. NT, Qld, SA, Vic. and WA (Smith D et al. 1997), NSW, Tas. (CSIRO 2016). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Coccus longulus (Douglas, 1887) [Coccidae] Long brown scale Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Vanuatu (Williams and Watson 1990; Garcia Morales et al. 2016). Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA and WA (Garcia Morales et al. 2016). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Coccus viridis (Green, 1889) [Coccidae] Soft green scale Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu (Williams and Watson 1990; Garcia Morales et al. 2016). Yes. NSW, NT, Qld and WA (Poole 2005; Poole 2010). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893) [Pseudococcidae] Pineapple mealybug Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu (Williams and Watson 1988b). Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, Tas. and WA (Garcia Morales et al. 2016). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No
Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana, 1927) [Aleyrodidae] Japanese bayberry whitefly Samoa (De Barro et al. 1998) Yes. Qld (CSIRO 2016). Declared Organism (Prohibited - section 12) for WA (Government of Western Australia 2017). No. This is a pest of citrus in California, but primarily associated with young foliage (Hamon et al. 1990). Adults may feed and lay eggs on fruit of some hosts (EPPO 1988), but honeydew, sooty mould and feeding damage are likely to be evident, and the pests and affected fruit removed from the pathway during pre-export handling. Reported on Gardenia sp. and Rollinia sp. in Samoa (De Barro et al. 1998). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) [Coccidae] Nigra scale Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu (SPC 2016). Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, Vic. and WA (Garcia Morales et al. 2016). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Parlatoria cinerea Hadden, 1909 [Diaspididae] Tropical grey chaff scale Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Vanuatu (Williams and Watson 1988a). No record found Yes. Recorded on lime in Niue, and a common pest on citrus in the Pacific (Williams and Watson 1988a). Mainly found on stems and branches, but sometimes on leaves and fruit (Watson 2016). Yes. This is a polyphagous species, and hosts such as citrus, mango, grape, gardenia, bougainvillea and jasmine (Watson 2016) are common in parts of Australia. It has a wide distribution in the warmer parts of the world, so it could potentially establish in Australia. Yes. Parlatoria cinerea has been recorded as a pest of citrus in several countries in the South Pacific region (Williams and Watson 1988a). Heavy infestations can cause significant damage to citrus plantations (Watson 2016). Yes
Planococcus minor (Maskell, 1897) [syn.: Planococcus pacificus Cox, 1981] [Pseudococcidae] Pacific mealybug Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu (Williams and Watson 1988b). Yes. NSW, NT, Qld and SA (Cox 1989). Declared Organism (Prohibited - section 12) for WA (Government of Western Australia 2017). Yes. Recorded on limes in Vanuatu (Williams and Butcher 1987). This species can be spread via trade in fruit (Venette and Davis 2004; Francis et al. 2012). Yes. This species is polyphagous and has a high reproductive rate, and has successfully established in a number of countries following its introduction (Francis et al. 2012). Yes. This species is a serious pest in some countries. It can affect crops such as banana, citrus, cocoa, coffee, corn, grape, mango, potato and soybean (Venette and Davis 2004). Yes (WA) Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green, 1896) [Diaspididae] Trilobite scale Samoa (SPC 2016), Vanuatu (Williams and Butcher 1987). Yes. NT, Qld (Donaldson and Tsang 2002; (Garcia Morales et al. 2016). Declared Organism (Prohibited - section 12) for WA (Government of Western Australia 2017). No. Recorded on citrus, but found on the leaves (Watson 2016; Hill 2008). On other hosts it may be found on bark, leaves or fruit (Miller and Davidson 2005). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, 1918 [Pseudococcidae] Cryptic mealybug Samoa (Williams and Watson 1988b). Yes. Present in northern Queensland (QDAF 2016). Declared Organism (Prohibited - section 12) for WA (Government of Western Australia 2017). Yes. Commonly found on citrus, including limes. Concealed fruit is heavily attacked (Williams and Watson 1988b). Yes. This species is polyphagous and has a wide distribution globally, indicating a potential to establish and spread (Garcia Morales et al. 2016). Yes. This species is an important citrus pest in Japan (Arai 2002), and was a serious pest in Israel following its introduction there (Garcia Morales et al. 2016). Yes (WA)
Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841) [Aphididae] Black citrus aphid Cook Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu (SPC 2016). Yes. Qld, Tas., Vic. (Hollis and Eastop 2005) and WA (APPD 2016). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy, 1907) [Aphididae] Brown citrus aphid Cook Islands, Samoa (SPC 2016), Tonga (Carver et al. 1993), Vanuatu (CABI 2016). Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Vic. and WA (Hollis and Eastop 2005). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Unaspis citri (Comstock, 1883) [Diaspididae] Citrus snow scale Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu (Waterhouse and Norris 1987). Yes. NSW and Qld (Donaldson and Tsang 2002). Declared Organism (Prohibited - section 12) for WA (Government of Western Australia 2017). Yes. Citrus is a host. Usually found on the trunk and branches, but occasionally present on fruit and leaves (Miller and Davidson 2005). Yes. This species has a broad host range including a number of citrus species (Garcia Morales et al. 2016). It is already present in eastern Australia, so could potentially establish if introduced to parts of Western Australia. Yes. This species is a serious pest of major economic importance (Miller and Davidson 2005). Yes (WA) Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) Cleora samoana Butler, 1886 [Geometridae] Forest looper caterpillar Niue, Samoa, Tonga (Stout 1982). No record found. No. Lime is a host, but the larvae feed on leaves (Stout 1982). Not likely to be present on fruit. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliére, 1867) [Pyralidae] False blossom moth Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga (Stout 1982). No record found. No. Lime is reported as a host (Stout 1982), but this pest is unlikely to be present on mature fruit harvested for export. Larvae may feed on rind of immature fruit, causing premature yellowing and fruit drop (Silva and Mexia 1999). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No
Eudocima phalonia (L., 1763) [syn.: Othreis fullonica (L., 1767); Eudocima fullonia (Clerck, 1764)] [Noctuidae] Fruit piercing moth Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu (Stout 1982). Yes. NSW, NT, Qld (CSIRO 2016) and WA (APPD 2016). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Eudocima salaminia (Cramer, 1777) [Noctuidae] Fruit piercing moth Samoa, Tonga (Stout 1982), Vanuatu (Muniappan et al. 2002). Yes. NSW, NT and Qld (CSIRO 2016). Declared Organism (Prohibited - section 12) for WA (Government of Western Australia 2017). No. Adults feed on citrus, but only at night, so will not be present when fruit is harvested. Eggs are laid on the leaves of Stephania japonica and other Menispermaceae plants on which the larvae feed (Muniappan et al. 2002). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No CHLOROPHYTA: Ulvophyceae Trentepohliales (green algae) Cephaleuros virescens Künze ex E.M.Fries 1832 [Trentepohliales: Trentepohliaceae] Algal leafspot Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga (Dingley et al. 1981), Vanuatu (SPC 2016). Yes. WA (APPD 2016). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No CHROMALVEOLATA: Oomycota Peronosporales (water moulds) Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan 1896 [Peronosporaceae] Brown rot Cook Islands (Dingley et al. 1981), Samoa, Tonga (SPC 2016). Yes. Qld (Simmonds 1966), SA (Cook and Dube 1989), Tas. (Sampson and Walker 1982) and WA (Shivas 1989). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No
FUNGI Chaetothyrium javanicum (Zimm.) Boedijn 1931 [Chaetothyriaceae] Sooty mould Samoa, Tonga (Dingley et al. 1981, as Phaeosaccardinula javanica). No record found No. Sooty moulds are superficial fungi found on the leaves, stems and fruit of trees that have been infested with honeydew excreting insects (Timmer 2000). Affected fruit would be removed from the pathway prior to export. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Cryptosporiopsis citri P.R.Johnst. & Full. 1988 [Dermateaceae] Leaf spot Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu (Johnston and Fullerton 1988). Yes. NT (Ray et al. 2008), Qld (Johnston and Fullerton 1988). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Diaporthe citri (H.S.Fawc.) F.A.Wolf 1926 [Diaporthaceae] Melanose Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga (Dingley et al. 1981; Stout 1982, as Diaporthe citri). Yes. NSW (Letham 1995), Qld (Simmonds 1966) and WA (ALA 2016). Assessment not required. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No