someone or something. Jan's behavior was to note the employees and report them to supervisors. The affective component of an attitude reveals the emotional reaction. Jan's belief that it is important and her frustration are affective components. The cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the way things are. Her belief that it's impossible to keep the building secure without knowing who out is a cognitive attitude. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Components of Attitudes Category: Application LO: 1 6) of the following is an example of an affective attitude? A) Believing that you did a good job. B) The observation that most dogs have four legs. C) The opinion that it is never acceptable to steal. D) Anger at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing. E) The avoidance of a restaurant where one once received bad service. Answer: D Explanation: D) Affective attitudes reveal emotion, such as Belief and opinions are examples of cognitive or evaluative attitudes. Observation and avoidance are behaviors and are facets of behavioral attitudes. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Components of Attitudes Category: Application LO: 1 7) The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________. A) Maslow B) Festinger C) Hofstede D) Skinner E) Pavlov Answer: B Explanation: B) In the 1960s, Leon Festinger argued that attitudes follow behavior. Festinger argued that any form of inconsistency is uncomfortable and that individuals will therefore attempt to reduce it. They will seek a stable state, which is a minimum of dissonance. Maslow, Hofstede, Skinner, and Pavlov all made other contributions to OB. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15 Objective: Cognitive Dissonance Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2 8) According to Festinger, people will seek a(n) ________. A) variable state with variable dissonance B) stable state with maximal dissonance
C) Employees tend to be most satisfied by the work itself. D) Rate of pay is strongly correlated with job satisfaction for almost all workers. E) Employees tend to be satisfied with pay and promotion opportunities. Answer: D Explanation: D) Once an individual reaches a level of comfortable living (in the United States, that occurs at about $40,000 a year, depending on the region and family size), the relationship between pay and job satisfaction virtually disappears. Research indicates that most workers are satisfied in their jobs and with the work itself. It is true that U.S. trends are applicable in other countries and that employees are least satisfied with pay in job satisfaction polls. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 19 Objective: Measuring Job Satisfaction Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 4 48) In which of the following categories do people report lower levels of satisfaction? A) pay B) coworkers C) the work itself D) overall job E) supervisors Answer: A Explanation: A) people are, on average, satisfied with their jobs overall, with the work itself, and with their supervisors and co-workers. However, they tend to be less satisfied with their pay and with promotion opportunities. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 19 Objective: Measuring Job Satisfaction Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 4 49) Which major job-satisfaction facet is most strongly correlated with high levels of overall job satisfaction? A) work flexibility B) pay C) social context of the workplace D) supervision E) transparency Answer: C Explanation: C) There is a strong correspondence between how well people enjoy the social context of their work place and how satisfied they are overall. Interdependence, feedback, social support, and interaction with co-workers outside the work place are strongly related to job satisfaction even after accounting for characteristics of the work itself. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 20 Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 5 50) Once an individual reaches a level of comfortable living, the relationship between pay and
AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Exit Quest. Category: Application LO: 5 60) Susan has composed a list of concerns along with her suggestions for improving conditions. Susan is dealing with her dissatisfaction through ________. A) exit B) C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance Answer: B Explanation: B) The voice response includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity. The exit response directs behavior toward leaving the organization, including looking for a new position as well as resigning. The loyalty response means passively but optimistically waiting for conditions to improve. The neglect response passively allows conditions to worsen and includes chronic absenteeism or lateness, reduced effort, and increased error rate. Acceptance is not a reaction to dissatisfaction on the job. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 21 AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Quest. Category: Application LO: 5 61) Mark believes that his manager is a good person and will work things out if Mark just gives him time to do so. Mark is dealing with his dissatisfaction through ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance Answer: C Explanation: C) The loyalty response means passively but optimistically waiting for conditions to improve. The exit response directs behavior toward leaving the organization, including looking for a new position as well as resigning. The voice response includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity. The neglect response passively allows conditions to worsen and includes chronic absenteeism or lateness, reduced effort, and increased error rate. Acceptance is not a reaction to dissatisfaction on the job. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 21 Analytic Skills Objective: Loyalty Quest. Category: Application LO: 5
Objective: Job Satisfaction and OCB Quest. Category: Application LO: 5 69) Sharon is unhappy with her job as a salesperson at a retail store for many reasons. Yesterday a customer asked her where the shampoo was located. Sharon listlessly replied, "I don't know." She then turned her back on the customer and continued stocking the shelf. This is an example of how job satisfaction can affect ________. A) employee OCB B) customer satisfaction C) absenteeism D) turnover E) work place deviance Answer: B Explanation: B) Sharon's rude behavior toward the customer will directly affect customer satisfaction. Organizational citizenship behavior is not reflected in this example. Sharon is at work and the example doesn't discuss looking for a new job. Sharon is doing her job, although badly, and is not engaging in deviant activities. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22 AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Job Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction Quest. Category: Application LO: 5 70) studies of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) assumed that it was closely linked with satisfaction. More recent evidence suggests that satisfaction influences OCB, but through perceptions of ________. A) fairness B) consistency C) productivity D) leadership ability E) out marketing Answer: A Explanation: A) Evidence suggests job satisfaction is moderately correlated with OCBs; people who are more satisfied with jobs are more likely to engage in OCBs, with fairness perceptions helping to explain the relationship. Those who feel their co-workers support them are more likely to engage in helpful behaviors, whereas those who have antagonistic relationships with co-workers are less likely to do so. Consistency, productivity, leadership ability, and out marketing do not explain the OCB-job satisfaction relationship. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 22 Objective: Job Satisfaction and OCB Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 5 71) of the following is true regarding the relationship between satisfaction and