Government policy in the field of transport in order to run smoothly,needs the people’s support. For the level of "the formulation and implementation of the policies the government must always involve" public participation "Transport Politics" in essence is the efforts in each "Transport Policy Formulation" getting optimum support, and the government is actively and responsive, doing socialization, communication, negotiation, bergaining, Lobbying, compromise, and consensus with the various elements of society in order to build such support. At the level of implementation of the Government policy there is always as struggle for and defend “The Transport Policy” in ordere to run smoothly, successfully and on target. “Transport Politics”Approad Some approaches are expected to be able to explain the relationship between politics and Transport namely; the value chain analysis approach Sensitivity theory approach and input-output model approach. As each approach can be described as follows; Value Chain Analysis approach (Value Chain Analysis) Value Chain Analysis Approach (Value Chain Analysis), this approach is usually used in the of "managerial economics" that aims to control the variable cost. Starting from the chain of upstream to downstream activities, the strategic value of the chain can be set at a very decisive action to the financing "effect" should be fully controlled through the support of a stronger authority. While according to Willem Siahaya (2013) referred to as the UPS "Supply Chaim Management”, it is integration of competent business
tesources and logistic activities and related information from the origin to the point of consumption including coordination and collaboration with channel patners (supplier, manufacturer, ware home, transporters, distributors, retailers and customers) for the purpose of conforming to custumors "requirements". The thought above can be adopted to conduct an analysis of "Transport Polities" to the chain of the implementation of "Land Transport" which has a a complex cross-sector relationships level, it can be described as follows; if the transport functions, as a "Promoting and Service Sector", then "Promoting" is placed as western and "Services" as downstream. the "promoting sectors" activities are ranging from the availability of transport infrastructure, transportation, design and motor verticle prototype (performed by the Ministries of Public Works, Industry, and Research and Technology). While the "services sector" from the management, regulation and maintenance of transportation facilities and infrastructures into "transport services" are efficiently and effectively carried out by the Ministry of Transportation. The activities order and security of the transport Management and Law Forcement are done by the Police. Efforst to discrible a series of clain ranging from upstream to down stream of the implementation of "Road Transport", can be analyzed with a theoretical approach "Calue Claim" The overal chain contains "strategic and fundamentals values, especially the position of" transport function "as a" Leading Sector". The link above shows that the "implementation of land transport 'has role as a leading sector having a very fundamental problems, among others, the upstream chain (promoting sector) does not always have the vision and mission which are in line with (egual) with the vision and mission of the Downstream chain (services sector). The
against all potentials owned by the organization both human resources and other resources. Related to the study of "Transport Politics", the function of land transport “becomes one of " the units of analysis for the institutional characteristics of transportation have a high potential for conflict of interest. As it has been described above that in principle the establishment of an efficient and effective organization is that each structure can accommodate various types of functions, but otherwise a function can not be run by a variety of functions. Therefore, if the functions performed by the various structures, there will be "miscoordiantion and mis communication" and could even be a conflict in the implementation of operational activities. As it is known the institute function of land transport basedan law no. 22 of 2009 on rad traffic and Transport, has characteristics as mentioned above. Transportation as a system in the legislation has set five (5) institutions which have the authority associated with the transport function. For example the; Transport Infrastructure Providers (Mimistry of Public Works), The Transport Facility Provider (Ministry of Industry), The motor vehicle prototype and design provider (minister of Research and Technology) and the regulation and operation of “Land Transport Services” Operator (Ministry of Transportation), while the Law Enforcement and traffic management by. The National Police Institute, The Institutional positions as mentioned above shows that “Transport Function “ as a Systemic being” has the Complexity” in the government, which is vulnerable to mis coordination and mis communication in managing the land transport function. The Example of the formation of “Trafic Forum “ In The smaller towns is less effective as mechanical of detegration and synchronization in the operational activities the institutional problems or dilemmas can be seen below. The complex relationshop of the government management including both technical and management aspects of the five institutions of the government is interesting to study in the perspective of “Trasport Politics” the contribution of analysis unies of the study “Transport Politics” Forward the Institutional Position of the “Land Transport Function “ as a systemic being can be formulated as follows: 6.1 Through the study of "Transport Politics" the "conflict map" that occurred at the policy level and the operational level in the organization of "land transportation" which involves five government institutions, Can be identified 6.2 A review of the control mechanisms that integrate the various interests the fire Government institutions, such as
Because in essence policy making is a political process, so that political calculations, especially the support and rejection of the elements both infra and supra-political structures included in the agenda of formulationsetting and implementation. As explained above, when the study of the transport politics is ignored, it has been empirically proven to be in failure to integrate and harmonize the strategic functions of transportation resulting in the transportation in Indonesia is not efficient and effective. In fact, as stated by Yuan and Lu (2002) that if the transport is not efficient it will interfere with the running of the national economy. Whereas in Figure 9 it, describes the relationship between the politics off transport and the policy of land transport. Based on the explanation above, the polities of transport and the policy of land transport as described in Figure 9 above shows a positive relationship. This means that in general when the stage of policy formulation is the process of making laws and regulations should be examined comprehensively and calculated carefully in a comprehensive and careful calculation. How big is between the support and rejection of the policy formulation calculated well in the land transport policy agenda. Similarly, the same thing is done in preparing for the implementation of the road transport policy. In general, the failure at the stage of policy implementation is often less preparation ismore comprehensive and systematics. unwitting institutional process of drafting a plan of Jabodetabek Transportation Administering Agency (BPTJ) and Jabodetabek Transportation Master Plant (RITJ) established by the decision of the President is a good example as the study of transportat politics. The complexity of the phenomenon ofJabodetabek transportation problems that has long been not handled properly, in fact the root of the Institution, the variantrials problem is in the lack of institutional authority organizing the transport function. Institutional, The variours trials of implementaryhe Jabodetabek transportation have been executed but until now they have has failed on the stage of policy implementation. The failure of the implementation of Jabodetabek transportation resulted in Jakarta named the “number one mast congrested city in the world” thus, he lock of institutional authority of the transportat functions be taken as a good lessen that if