Carbohydrates are the human body's main source of energy, so it is important that the diet includes enough to provide energy for basic functions such as breathing as well as the physical activity of the day. Carbohydrates are classified as either: Simple carbohydrates These are foods high in sugars: E.g. Sugars found in cane (sucrose), fruit (fructose), milk (lactose), honey. Complex carbohydrates These are the starches found in plant foods: E.g. Potatoes, rice, bread, pasta, noodles. Protein Protein is needed to produce, repair and maintain all the throughout the body e.g. our hair, fingernails, muscles, blood etc. Many foods contain a good source of protein: Animal proteins E.g. poultry, seafood, game, eggs, dairy. Plant protein Some plant foods also contain good sources of protein such as soy products like tofu or bean curd. Many plant foods contain protein which can be useful if combined together: E.g. Grains, nuts, seeds and legumes. Lipids Lipid is the combined term used to describe foods that are a fat or oil. Lipids are used in the body in the structure of cells, to provide insulation, to assist in the transport of fat soluble vitamins and can be used as a source of energy. Lipids can be classified as: Fats Fats are usually solid at room temperature
Element 2: 2.1 Introduction In the last section we have explored the major influences that will need to be considered when creating a menu and the specific meals within these menus. In this section we will explore the factors associated with creating different meals to meet market needs. Elements of a meal In the last section we identified the components of a meal. As a refresher it is important to remind ourselves what is normally included in a meal item. Elements are all the components that make a dish or menu item complete. with the main part of the dish: of meat, poultry or fish; it may be in a single piece that has been grilled or as a curry/casserole
Including food from major food groups Nutritional balance means that meals include foods from each of the groups which provide essential nutrients. The core groups are: Grain foods Vegetables and Legumes Protein rich foods Dairy foods and dairy alternatives Fruit Wheat Products Breads Pasta Cous cous Noodles Cracked wheat (Bulgar) Fresh Vegetables Cooked Raw (Salad) Meat (lean) Beef and veal Pork Lamb Goat Game Milk (reduced fat) Fresh Canned Powdered Cooked Raw (Salad) Rice Products White, brown Noodles Canned (No added salt) Poultry (lean) Chicken Duck Yoghurt Plain Flavoured Canned (No added sugar)
Corn products Polenta Frozen Seafood Fish Shellfish Cheese Dried Oats Porridge Muesli Dried peas Chickpea Dried beans Lentils Soy products Tofu Bean curd Tempeh Alternatives Calcium enriched soy Juice grains Barley Millet Quinoa protein rich foods Nuts and seeds Legumes/ pulses And small amounts of: Fats - Preferably unsaturated
Summer stone fruit salad of peaches, nectarines and apricots with a champagne sorbet Autumn poached salad of prunes and dried apricots with a caramel yoghurt Winter citrus fruit salad of oranges, mandarins and tangelos with cardamom scented custard. Ingredients and their climates Alternatively the use of seasonal foods which grow in another climate may offer your customers more exotic options. Here are some examples of foods from different climates: Cold climate Warm climates Tropical climate Other climates Root vegetables Carrots Parsnips Turnips Beets Vegetables Zucchini Capsicum Chilli Sweetcorn Pumpkin Vegetables Okra Snake beans Dry climates Wheat Salsify
Brassica's Cabbage Cauliflower Broccoli Bok Choy Kohlrabi Leafy greens Spinach Lettuce Rocket (argula) Silverbeet Herbs and spices Panadan Turmeric Curry leaf Thai coriander Wet, cold and dark Mushrooms Fruits Apples Pears Quinces Fruits Oranges Lemons Apricots Peaches Tropical Fruits Bananas Papaya Mango Lychee Dried fruits Prunes Sultanas Raisins When researching seasonal make sure that the information you are accessing is for the area in which you reside. The seasons for the Northern and Southern hemispheres are in reverse. It is also important to be aware that many sources list foods that are available, this can mean from anywhere, rather than what is available in season locally.
Duck confit Foie Gras - This is the very fatty liver of a goose or duck Escargots – snails Truffes – Expensive black mushrooms Ratatouille Crepes – thin pancakes Desserts – flans, ganache, tarts, pastries, crossaints. Italian cuisine Popular dishes include: – cooked dough base with various toppings Chicken parmigiana Gelato – Italian ice-cream Tiramisu – dessert made of biscuits soaked in coffee with layers of whipped mascarpone and egg Risotto – short grain rice dish Mortadella – heat cured sausage Spumoni - molded Italian ice cream dessert Cheeses – Mozzarella, Parmigiano-Reggiano