8. Modern socialists trace their intellectual roots to Karl Marx (1818-83), although socialist thought clearly predates Marx. True False 9. In an individualist society, the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-interest. True False 10. Aristotle argued that individual diversity and private ownership are undesirable. True False 11. The Cold War was a war between collectivism and individualism. True False 12. Most modern democratic states practice representative democracy. True False 13. Democracy is a form of government that prohibits opposing political parties. True 14. In a totalitarian country, there are safeguards to protect an individual's right to freedom of expression, opinion, and organization. True False 15. It is possible to have a totalitarian state that is hostile to collectivism and where some degree of individualism is encouraged. True False 16. In a market economy, if demand for a product exceeds supply, prices will rise, signaling to producers to produce more. True False 17. The number of command economies has fallen dramatically since the demise of communism in the late 1980s. True False
46. The ________ believed that socialism could be achieved only through violent revolution and totalitarian dictatorship. 47. In several Western democracies, the poor performance of state-owned enterprises, because of protection from competition and guaranteed government financial support, led to _______. 48. Which of the following philosophies can be traced back to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle? 49. The tenet of _____ is that the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-interest. 50. Which of the following statements about individualism is NOT true? 51. Which of the following is a feature of a democracy?
AACSB: Analytic Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty: 2 Medium Learning Objective: 02-03 Understand how the legal systems of countries differ. Topic: Legal Systems 22. When law courts interpret common law, they do so with regard to tradition, precedent, and custom. TRUE Common law is based on tradition, precedent, and custom. Tradition refers to a country's legal history, precedent to cases that have come before the courts in the past, and custom to the ways in which laws are applied in specific situations. When law courts interpret common law, they do so with regard to these characteristics. Analytic Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 02-03 Understand how the legal systems of countries differ. Topic: Legal Systems 23. Judges under a civil law system have more flexibility than those under a common law system. FALSE A law system is based on a detailed set of laws organized into codes. Judges under a civil law system have less flexibility than those under a common law system. Analytic Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty: 2 Medium Learning Objective: 02-03 Understand how the legal systems of countries differ. Topic: Legal Systems 24. Judges in a common law system have the power to interpret the law so that it applies to the unique circumstances of an individual case. TRUE Common law is on tradition, precedent, and custom. Judges in a common law system have the power to interpret the law so that it applies to the unique circumstances of an individual case.