Supporting Material Data from the systematised review of 380-480 nm violet-blue inactivation of microorganisms. Table S1.1 details inactivation of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive endospores and mycobacteria. Table S1.2 details inactivation of yeasts and fungal conidia, germinating/germinated conidia and hyphae. Table S1.3 details inactivation of bacteriophage and viruses. Key: ‘CI’ indicates an unspecified clinical isolate; ‘A’ indicates microorganisms exposed under anaerobic conditions; ‘-‘ indicates bacteria exposed at low temperatures (≤ 10°C); ‘+’ indicates bacteria exposed at elevated temperatures (≥ 37°C); ‘P’ indicates microorganisms exposed on agar plates; ‘E’ indicates log10 reduction values extracted from figures; ‘V’ indicates dose for 1 log10 reduction values provided by paper This dataset relates to the Scottish Infection Research Network and Chief Scientist Office, project ‘Antimicrobial 405 nm Light for Clinical Decontamination: Investigation of the Antiviral Efficacy and Potential for Bacterial Tolerance’ (SIRN/DTF/13/02).
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Bacillus megaterium (Gram +ve, Endospore) UoS CC 405 40 1150 480 104-105 1.8 638.9 Maclean et al., Bacillus subtilis (Gram +ve, Vegetative) DSM 402 405 21 75.6 60 1 106 2 37.8 Hoenes et al., 2016 408 33.5 300 150 1 106 4.3 E 69.8 Hoenes et al., 2015 451 33.5 300 150 1 106 3 E 100 Hoenes et al., 2015 Bacillus subtilis (Gram +ve, Endospore) UoS CC 405 40 1150 480 104-105 1.7 676.5 Maclean et al., Camylobacter coli (Gram -ve) DF: 1140; 1662; 2124 395 7 2.1 5 107 7 E 0.3 Haughton et al., 2012 Campylobacter jejuni (Gram -ve) BC 323, DF 1136 395 7 4.2 10 107 7 E 0.6 Haughton et al., 2012 DF: 1135; 1146; 1147; 1354. NCTC 11168 395 7 2.1 5 107 7 E 0.3 Haughton et al., 2012 LMG 8841 405 10 18 30 105 5.25 3.4 Murdoch et al., 2010 Clostridium difficile (Gram +ve, Vegetative) NCTC 11204 405 40 48 20 104-105 3.7 13 Maclean et al., 70 252 60 3.3 103 3.3 76.7 Moorhead et al., 2016a
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Clostridium difficile (Gram +ve, Endospore) NCTC 405 40 1150 480 104-105 2.7 425.9 Maclean et al., 225 2430 180 3.5 103 3.3 736.4 Moorhead et al., 2016a Clostridium perfringens (Gram +ve) ATCC 13124 405 10 45 75 104-105 4.4 10.2 Maclean et al., 2009 Corynebacterium striatum (Gram +ve) CI 405 71 128 30 1-3 102 P 2.0 64 McDonald et al., 2013 123 221.4 30 105 5.0 4.3 Gupta et al., 2015 Edwardsiella tarda (Gram -ve) KE1 405 7.4 260 585 105 3.8 68.4 Roh et al., 2016 465 13.3 2178 2730 105 4.0 544.5 Roh et al., 2016 Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Gram -ve) 502 400 60 54 15 106 6.8 8 Halstead et al., 2016 Enetrobacter cloacae (Gram -ve) ENTCL: 525; 801; 804 400 60 360/ 648/ 576 100/ 180/ 160 106 6.76/ 6.61/ 6.24 53.3/ 98/ 92.3 Halstead et al., 2016 Enterococcus faecalis (Gram +ve) ATCC 19433 385 49 81 27.6 106 1 V 81 Lui et al., 2016 - 405 A 19.1 5.73 5 1 108 No Inactivation - Hope et al., 2016
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Escherichia coli (Gram -ve) NCTC 9001 65 234/ 702 60/ 180 107/ 109 3.3/ 7.7 70.9/ 60.8 McKenzie et al., 2016 405 70 378/ 378+/ 252- 90/ 90/ 60 105 5 E 75.6/ 75.6/ 50.4 McKenzie et al., 2014 CI 71 192 45 1-3 102 P 2 E 96 McDonald et al., 2013 NCTC 9001 100 450 75 105 4.5 100 Maclean et al., 2016 CI 123 2214 300 105 5.01 441.9 Gupta et al., 2015 CI 1313 415 100 60 10 - 3 20 Lipovsky et al., 2010 ATCC 450 2 117+/ 117- 975 3 101 0.85/ 1.15 137.7/ 101.7 Keshishyan et al., 2015 CI 1313 455 100 120 20 - 1 120 Lipovsky et al., 2010 ATCC 25922 460 1260 151 2 108 No Inactivation - Cieplik et al., 2014 Escherichia coli K12 (Gram -ve) ATCC W3110 385 49 61 20.7 106 1 V 61 Lui et al., 2016 DSM 1607 395 1.21 2.83 39 108 0.52 5.7 Birmpa et al., 2014
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Helicobacter pylori (Gram -ve) ATCC: 49503; 43904. CI 2 405 100 10 1.7 - 5/ 6/ 3.75 E 2/ 1.7/ 2.7 Hamblin et al., 2005 ATCC 700824. CI: 1; 3; 4 100 20 3.3 - 4.5/ 5.5/ 5/ 4.5 4.4/ 3.6/ 4/ 4.4 Hamblin et al., 2005 ATCC 43504 200 32 5.3 - 5 E 6.4 Ganz et al., 2005 Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram -ve) MDR-A, 400 60 504 140 106 6.61/ 6.88 73.3/ 76.2 Halstead et al., 2016 NCTC 09633 405 5 36 120 1-3 102 P 2.2 E 16.4 Ramakrishnan et al., 2014 10 180 300 104-105 3.9 46.2 Maclean et al., 2009 CIs 71 128 30 1-3 102 P 2 64 McDonald et al., 2013 123 1328.4 180 104-105 5.05 263 Gupta et al., 2015 Lactobacillus plantarum (Gram +ve) ATCC 8014 405 24 374/ 394- 260/ 274 106 1 V 374/ 394 Kumar et al., 2016 460 74 1121/ 1800- 251.5/ 274 106 1 V/ No Inactivation 1121/ - Kumar et al., 2016 Leuconostoc mesenteroids (Gram +ve) - 470 80 - - 3 104 P No inactivation - De Lucca et al., 2012
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Listeria innocua (Gram +ve) NCTC 11288 395 1.21 2.832 39 108 1.1 2.57 Birmpa et al., 2014 6.5 2.832 7.25 1.25 E 2.3 32.2 36 18.6 2.74 13.1 Listeria ivanovii (Gram +ve) NCTC 11846 405 85.6 184.9 35 105 4.12 44.9 Endarko et al., 2012 Listeria monocytogenes (Gram +ve) NCTC 1194 400 7.5 123.3 274 105 1.05 117 Endarko et al., 2012 NCTC 1194 405 8.6 154.1 299 105 2.5 61.6 Endarko et al., 2012 BAA 679 9.5 306/ 306- 540 106 1.9 284.2 Kumar et al., 2015 LMG 19944 10 108 180 1-2 105 5.18 20.85 Murdoch et al., 2012 BAA 679 17 486- 450 108 2.1 231.4 Kim et al., 2015 LMG 19944 20 108 90 1-2 105 5.05 21.4 Murdoch et al., 2012 LMG 19944 30 108 60 1-2 105 4.9 22 Murdoch et al., 2012 NCTC 1194 44.7 154.1 57.5 105 3.5 E 44 Endarko et al., 2012
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Listeria monocytogenes (Gram +ve) NCTC 1194 405 66.1 154.1 39 105 3.25 E 47.4 Endarko et al., 2012 LMG 70 84/ 63-/ 42+ 20/ 15/ 10 105 5 E 16.8/ 12.6/ 8.4 McKenzie et al., 2014 71 108 30 2.3-2.4 102 2.25 80 Murdoch et al., 2012 NCTC 1194 85.6 184.9 35 105 3.72 49.7 Endarko et al., 2012 NCTC 11994 410 7.2 123.3 285.4 105 1.23 100.2 Endarko et al., 2012 420 7.5 123.3 274 105 0.51 241.8 Endarko et al., 2012 430 7.7 123.3 266.9 105 0.25 493.2 Endarko et al., 2012 440 7.3 123.3 281.5 105 0.19 648.9 Endarko et al., 2012 450 8.3 123.3 247.5 105 0.11 1120.9 Endarko et al., 2012 BAA 679 461 22.1 596.7 450 106 4.3/ 1.4 138.8/ 426.2 Ghate et al., 2013; 2015 - 470 8 345.6 726 4 107 0.5 691.2 O’Donoghue et al., 2016 Listeria seeligeri (Gram +ve) NCTC 11856 405 8.3 184.9 371 105 3.31 55.9 Endarko et al., 2012
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Micrococcus spp (Gram +ve) CI 405 71 85.2 20 1-3 102 2 E 42.6 McDonald et al., 2013 CI 123 442.8 60 105 4.85 91.3 Gupta et al., 2015 Mycobacterium massiliense (Gram *) INCQS 00594 460 36.1 300 138.5 108 0.32 937.5 Decarli et al., 2016 Mycobacterium smegmatis (Gram *) - 405 160 120 12.5 103 P 1.8 66.4 Guffey et al., 2013a Mycobacterium terrae (Gram *) LMG 10394 405 10 288 480 1-2 105 5 57.6 Murdoch et al., 2012 Photobacterium damselae (Gram –ve) Dae1-1L 405 7.4 137 308 105 3.8 36.1 Roh et al., 2016 465 13.3 1387 1738 105 3.7 374.9 Roh et al., 2016 Porphyromonas gingivalis (Gram -ve) ATCC 33277 405 A 11.4 3.42 5 107 1.22 2.8 Hope et al., 2013 328.5 98.5 5 107 1.26 78.2 Hope et al., 2013 ATCC 33277 405 200 4 0.33 102 1 4 Kotoku et al., 2009 400 8 0.33 102 2 4 Kotoku et al., 2009 800 16 0.33 102 2 8 Kotoku et al., 2009 KCTC 5352 425 10 288 480 2 108 8 E 36 Kim et al., 2013
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Porphyromonas gingivalis (Gram -ve) ATCC 33277 448 100 60 1 108 1.1 49.5 Chui et al., 2013 450 520 47/ 62.4 1.5-2 5 106 1 47/ 62.4 Feurestein et al., 2004; 2005 455 80 4.8 1 108 0.1 50 Fontana et al., 2015 Prevotella intermedia (Gram -ve) ATCC 25611 405 A 19.1 5.73 5 7.5 107 2.6 2.2 Hope et al., 2016 346.2 20.77 1 7.5 107 4.4 4.7 Hope et al., 2016 455 80 4.8 1 108 0.34 14.1 Fontana et al., 2015 Prevotella melaninogenica (Gram -ve) ATCC 25845 455 80 4.8 1 108 0.67 7.16 Fontana et al., 2015 Prevotella nigrescens (Gram -ve) ATCC 25261 405 A 19.1 5.73 5 7.5 107 1.2 4.8 Hope et al., 2016 ATCC 33563 455 80 4.8 1 108 0.49 9.8 Fontana et al., 2015 Propionibacterium acnes (Gram +ve) ATCC 211827 405 160 15 1.6 1.5 102 P No Inactivation - Guffey & Wilborn, 2006 ATCC 6919 414 A 20 225 180 2 108 5 45 Ashkenazi et al., 2003
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Propionibacterium acnes (Gram +ve) CIs 414 90 324 60 5.1 109 No Inactivation - Kawada et al., 2002 ATCC 211827 470 150 15 1.7 2 102 P No Inactivation - Guffey & Wilborn, 2006 Proteus vulgaris (Gram -ve) CI 329 405 10 144 240 104 - 105 4.7 30.6 Maclean et al., 2009 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram -ve) 568, PA01, 6749, 1054, 1586 400 60 108 30 106 6.48/ 5.59/ 6.55/ 6.01/ 6.07 16.7/ 19.3/ 16.5/ 18/ 17.8 Halstead et al., 2016 LMG 9009 405 5 27 90 1.5-3 102 P 2.2 E 12.3 Ramakrishnan et al., 2014 ATCC 27853 7.84 117.55 250 - P 5.2 22.6 Barneck et al., 2016 ATCC 10145 9.5 306/ 306- 540 106 0.3 E 1020 et al., 2015 NCTC 9009 10 180 300 104-105 4.2 42.9 Maclean et al., 2009 PAO1, PA14, PAK 15.7 50 53 108 7 E/ 6 E / 6.5 E 7.14/ 8.3/ 7.7 Fila et al., 2017 1959/o, 146/s, 133/k, 23/k, 3752/sz, 153/s, 2284/p 15.7 50 53 108 7 E 7.14 Fila et al., 2017 3404/p 15.7 30 32 108 7 E 4.3 Fila et al., 2017
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram -ve) 556/k, 4190/pA, 3109/o, 143/p (MDR) 405 15.7 50 53 108 7 E/ 7 E/ 7 E/ 5 E 7.14/ 7.14/ 7.14/ 10 Fila et al., 2017 CI 71 53.25 12.5 1-3 102 P 2 E 26.7 McDonald et al., 2013 CI 123 664.2 90 105 5 132.8 et al., 2015 ATCC 160 10 1.05 1 102 P 1.3 E 7.7 Guffey & Wilborn, 2006 ATCC 19660 415 19.5 109.9 96 108 7.64 14.4 Dai et al., 2013a 20 48 40 108 3.54 13.6 Amin et al., 2016 ATCC 27853 450 2 117+/ 117- 975 3 101 0.81/ 1.18 144.4 / 99.2 Keshishyan et al., 2015 460 36.1 300 138.5 108 0.7 428.6 Decarli et al., 2016 - 470 80 50/ 50/ 10+ 10.4/ 10.4/ 2.1 3 104 0.7-0.8/ 2.1 62.5/ 71.4/ 4.8 De Lucca et al., 2012 ATCC 27853 150 5 0.55 1 102 P 0.46 E 10.9 Guffey & Wilborn 2006 Pseudomonas stutzeri (Gram -ve) CI 405 50 240 80 104 4 60 Bache, 2013
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Salmonella agona (Gram -ve) BAA 707 405 35 900- 420 109/ 1011 2 E 450 Kim et al., 2017 Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (Gram -ve) NCTC 4444 405 71 270 45 2.3-2.4 102 P 2.28 118.4 Murdoch et al., 2012 10 252/ 288 420/ 480 1-2 105 2.96/ 3.5 E 72/ 97.3 Murdoch et al., 2010; 2012 ATCC 13076 20 576- 480 106 5.6 102.9 Kim & Yuk 2017 NCTC 4444 85.6 739.6 144 105 1.36 543.8 Endarko et al., 2012 Salmonella enterica serovar heidelburg (Gram -ve) ATCC 8326 470 30 110 31.1 106 P 0.94 117 et al., 2015b Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (Gram -ve) ATCC 405 9.5 306/ 306- 540 106 0.6/ 0.3 E 510/ 1020 Kumar et al., 2015 18 486- 450 108 2 243 Kim et al., 2016 20 576- 480 106 1.7 338.8 Kim & Yuk 2017 35 900- 420 109/ 1011 2.7/ 2.4 E 333.3/ 375 Kim et al., 2017 461 22.1 596.7 450 106 5/ 0.4 113.9/ 1491.8 Ghate et al., 2013, 2015
470 30 110 31.1 106 P 1.15 95.7 Bumah et al., 2015b Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Salmonella saintpaul (Gram -ve) ATCC 9712 405 20 576- 480 1 106 1.7 338.8 Kim & Yuk 2017 Serratia marcescens (Gram -ve) CI 405 71 256 60 1-3 102 P 2 E 128 MacDonald et al., 2013 123 1771.2 240 105 5.26 336.7 et al., 2015 Shigella sonnei (Gram -ve) NCTC 12984 405 10 180 300 1-2 105 5 36 Murdoch et al., 2012 ATCC 29031 18 486- 450 108 0.8 607.5 Kim et al., 2016 NCTC 12984 71 270 45 2.3-2.4 102 P 2.1 128.6 Murdoch et al., 2012 LMG 10473 85.6 554.7 108 105 3.9 142.2 Endarko et al., 2012 Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive) (Gram +ve) NCTC 4135 400 3.27 23.5 120 2 105 1.5 15.7 Maclean et al., 10788, F77. ATCC: 29213; 33807. NCTC: 4163; 10442 60 288/ 108/ 108/ 288/ 288/ 108 80/ 30/ 30/ 80/ 80/ 30 106 7.07/ 6.76/ 6.76/ 7.01/ 6.07/ 6.69 40.7/ 16/ 16/ 40.1/ 47.4/ 16.1 Halstead et al., 2016
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive) (Gram +ve) NCTC 4135 405 60 216 60 105 5 43.2 Tomb 2017 65 234/ 468 60/ 120 107/ 109 3.8/ 7.7 61.6/ 60.8 McKenzie et al., 2016 CI 71 42.6 10 1-3 102 P 2 E 21.3 McDonald et al., 2013 NCTC 4135 100 60 10 105 5 12 Maclean et al., 2016 CI 123 147.6 20 105 5.16 28.6 et al., 2015 ATCC 25923 160 9/ 15 0.93/ 1.57 103 P/ 1.5 102 P 0.17/ 0.92 52.9/ 16.3 Guffey & Wilborn, 2006; Guffey et al., 2013b NCTC 4135 410 3.27 23.5 120 2 105 1.1 21.4 Maclean et al., 2008b NCTC 4135 415 3.27 23.5 120 2 105 0.5 47 Maclean et al., ATCC 5923 100 120 20 - 1 120 Lipovsky et al., 2010 NCTC 4135 420 3.27 23.5 120 2 105 0.3 78.3 Maclean et al., NCTC 4135 430 3.27 23.5 120 2 105 0.1 235 Maclean et al., 2008b ATCC 450 2 117+/ 117- 975 3 101 0.3/ 1.2 390/ 97.5 Keshishyan et al., 2015
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive) (Gram +ve) ATCC 5923 455 100 120 20 - 0.3 400 Lipovsky et al., 2010 ATCC 25923 460 36.1 300 138.5 108 1 300 Decarli et al., 2016 ATCC 6538 460 74 1800/ 1800- 240 106 No Inactivation - Kumar et al., 2016 ATCC 6538 461 22.1 596.7 360 106 5.2 114.8 Ghate et al., 2013 ATCC 25923 470 150 15 1.67 1.5 102 P 0.42 35.7 Guffey & Wilborn 2006 Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant) (Gram +ve) 508, 520, 531 400 60 108/ 54/ 108 30/ 15/ 30 106 6.17/ 6.82/ 6.41 17.5/ 7.9/ 16.8 Halstead et al., 2016 EMRSA-16a 405 10 45 75 104-105 5 9 Maclean et al., 2009 EMRSA-15 60 270 75 105 5.24 51.5 Tomb 2017 ATCC BAA1680 100 50/ 60/ 121/ 240 40/ -/ 20.2/- 5 105/ 3 106 p/ 5 106 p/ 7 106 p 1.2 E/ 1.4 E/ 1.4 E/ 1.57 100.8/ 35.7/ 42.9/ 152.9 Bumah et al., 2015a; et al., 2015 USA 300, IS853 100 55.2/ 50.4 9.2/ 8.4 5 106 1.1/ 1.2 50.2/ 42 Enwemeka et al., 2008 USA 300 LAC 415 19.5 168.3 144 107 4.92 34.2 Dai et al., 2013b
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant) (Gram +ve) 8325-4, 252 460 133.3 240 30 106 3 E 80 Yang et al., 2017 ATCC BAA 1680 470 30 60 33.3 - 0.48 124.6 Bumah et al., 2013 ATCC BAA 1680 470 30 55 30.6 3 106 P/ 5 106 P/ 5 106 P/ 7 106 P/ 7 106 P/ 8 106 P/ 1.2 107 P 1.5/ 1.1/ 1E/ 0.5/ 0.7 E/ 0.6 E/ 0.7 A 35/ 50/ 55/ 110/ 78.6/ 91.7/ 78.6 et al., 2015b; 2015c USA300, 30 55 30.6 5 x 106 P 1.01 54.5 Enwemeka et al., 2009 ATCC BAA 1680 100 13/ 50/ 240 2.2/ 8.3/ 40 3 106 P/ 5 106 P/ 7 106 P 0.8 E/ 1.15 E/ 2 E 16.25/ 43.5/ 120 Bumah et al., 2015a Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram +ve) NCTC: 11964; 10956; LMG 10474 405 5 18 60 1–3 102 P/ 103/ 1–3 102 P 0.8/ 3/ 2.2 E 22.5/ 2.7/ 8 .2 McDonald et al., 2011, 2013; Ramakrishnan et al., 2014 NCTC 11964 10 42 70 104-105 4.6 9.1 Maclean et al., 2009 LMG 10474 15 324 360 109 7 46.3 Ramakrishnan et al., 2016 CI 71 32 7.5 1-3 102 P 2 E 16 McDonald et al., 2013 NCTC 100 60 10 105 5 12 Maclean et al., 2016
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Vibrio anguillarum (Gram -ve) KCTC 405 7.4 132 297 105 3.2 41.2 Roh et al., 2016 465 13.3 1934 2424 105 4 483.5 Roh et al., 2016 Vibrio harveyi (Gram -ve) Vh21FL 405 7.4 543.7 1224.5 105 4.3 126.4 Roh et al., 2016 465 13.3 2298 172800 105 No Inactivation - Roh et al., 2016 Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Gram -ve) ATCC 17802 405 24 170/ 147- 118/ 102 106 1 170/ 147 et al., 2016 460 74 717/ 958- 161.5/ 215.8 106 1 717/ 958 Kumar et al., 2016 * Mycobacteria cannot be classified using Gram staining
Table S1.2 Inactivation data of fungi and yeasts using 380-480 nm light, collected during the systematised review Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Aspergillus niger (spores) MUCL 405 A 63 2300 608.5 2 105 0.1 23000 Murdoch et al., 2013 405 50 1440 480 103 1.5 960 Moorhead et al., 2016b 405 63 2300 608.5 2 105 5.24 439 Murdoch et al., 2013 Aspergillus niger (hyphae) MUCL 38993 405 50 1440 480 103 3 480 Moorhead et al., 2016b Aspergillus niger (germinating spore suspension) MUCL 38993 405 63 454 120 2 105 2.5 181.6 Murdoch et al., 2013 Aspergillus niger (microconidia) MUCL 38993 405 35 504 240 - P No growth inhibition - Moorhead et al., 2016b Botrytis cinerea (spores) CI 405 50 1080-3780 105 Germination significantly inhibited - Imada et al., 2014
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference MUCKL 29903 405 A 40 576 240 2 105 1.76 327.3 Murdoch et al., 2013 Candida albicans (yeast cells) MUCKL 29903 405 40 576 240 2 105 5 115.2 Murdoch et al., 2013 CI 123 332.1 45 105 4.52 73.5 Gupta et al., 2015 ATCC 90028 406 - 80 - 104 P 2.7 E 29.6 Risović et al., 2014 CEC 749 415 19.5 70.2 60 107 5.42 13 Zhang et al., 2016 ATCC 90028 420 - 5 - 104 P 2.5 E 2 Risović et al., 2014 ATCC 20011 460 36.1 200 138.5 106 0.2 1000 Decarli et al., 2016 Candida albicans (fungal suspension) SC5314 405 - 30 - 5 107 No growth Inhibition - Merigo et al., 2017
Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Fusarium graminearium (spores) - 470 80 100 21.5 3 104 0.22 454.5 De Lucca et al., 2012 Fusarium graminearium (germinated spores) - 470 80 100 21.5 3 104 0.28 357.1 De Lucca et al., 2012 Penicillunum digitalum (spores) - 470 80 100 21.5 3 104 No Inactivation - De Lucca et al., 2012 Penicillunum digitalum (germinated spores) - 470 80 100 21.5 3 104 0.097 1030.9 De Lucca et al., 2012 Saccharomyces cerevisae (yeast cells) MUCL 405 A 40 288 95 2 105 P 4.37 65.9 Murdoch et al., 2013 405 40 288 95 2 105 P 5 57.6 Murdoch et al., 2013 Trichophyton mentagrophytes (microconidia) MUCL 9823 405 35 504 240 P Germination inhibited - Moorhead et al., 2016b Trichophyton rubrum (spores) MUCL 11954 405 50 360 120 - P 2.3 156.5 Moorhead et al., 2016b Trichophyton rubrum (microconidia) MUCL 11954 405 35 504 240 - Germination inhibited - Moorhead et al., 2016b
Table S1.3 Inactivation data of bacteriophage and viruses using 380-480 nm light, collected during the systematised review (MM: minimal media; ORM: organically-rich media) Microorganism Strain Number(s) Wavelength (nm) Irradiance (mW/cm2) Dose (J/cm2) Time (min) Exposed Population (CFU/ml or CFU/plate) Log10 reduction (CFU/ml) Dose for 1 log10 reduction (J/cm2) Reference Feline calicivirus (in MM) (Virus, ss RNA) F9 405 155.8 2800 300 105 3.9 717.9 Tomb et al., 2017 Feline calicivirus (in ORM) (Virus, ss RNA) F9 405 155.8 421 45 105 5 84.2 Tomb et al., 2017 Murine Leukemia (in ORM) (Virus, ss RNA) - 420-430 - - 10080 - - - Richardson & Porter 2005 φC31 (in MM) (Bacteriophage, ds DNA) φC31cΔ25 405 56.7 306 90 103 0.3 1020 Tomb et al., 2014 φC31 (in ORM) (Bacteriophage, ds DNA) φC31cΔ25 405 56.7 306/ 510/ 1430 90/ 150/ 420 103/ 105/ 107 2.7/ 5.4/ 7.1 113.3/ 94.4/ 201.4 Tomb et al., 2014