Registered Participants Anthony Emiren (Junior) Experience & Registered: 2 Joseph Howes (Junior) Experience & Registered: 1 year Andrew (Junior) Nicole Gonzalez (Freshman) Experience and Registered: 1 year Ashley Goddard (Senior) Konner Spradlin (Senior) Experience & Registered: 1 year Daniel Tribble Senior) Experience & Registered: 1 year Reed (Senior) Experience & Registered: 1 year Kate MacIndoe (Senior) Experience & Registered: 1 year Christine (Senior)
and increased 7 day compressive strengths without segregation to the concrete. In addition, the Cast mix has a theoretical unit weight of 62.13 pcf. Given the fact that this value was close to that of the unit weight of water, we made calculations of the concrete canoe with flotation. The results proved that with the given amount of flotation used the concrete canoe and added sand bags would still float during the swamp test. The same pozzolans used in the Eagle Enterprise were used in the Eagle Avenger. The Class-C fly ash is an affordable sustainable, recyclable material that is a byproduct of coal combustion. The same applies to the expanded glass beads which are made from post-consumer recycled glass, except the 3M Glass Bubbles K15. Carbon fiber mesh was placed in the canoe as reinforcement as shown in Figure 13. Figure 13: Carbon mesh reinforcement We chose to not include wire mesh due to its high density and marginal strength gains. The concrete mix was reinforced by PVA fibers and AR fiberglass, the same materials used for the past two years. The PVA fibers are short and help bridge micro cracks due to shrinkage and low structural loads. The AR fiberglass are longer and help improve the flexural strength and ductility of the concrete mix. Figure 12, on the previous page, shows the effectiveness of the fibers in holding the broken pieces of the cylinder even though the concrete itself had yielded.
Construction Construction of the canoe began with purchasing aluminum sheet metal, which came in rectangular sheets approximately 4 feet wide, 12 feet long. The intent was to create a female mold using these as stations. Printed cross sections were traced, carefully marking the centerline and matching up that of the print outs with that of the metal. The traced lines were cut as close as possible using a band saw. Once the cross sections were cut, a centerline was marked on a large table. The sections were lined up one by one for the front half of the canoe. Ensuring that they lined up correctly, a clamp was placed on either end to secure them. A hole was drilled in either corner, 2 inches in from either direction. Four holes were drilled in the bottom edge of the metal. Two of these were 4 inches out from the center, and the other two were 8 inches out from the center. This was done for the purpose of securing them to the frame. The process was repeated for the back half of the canoe. The frame from the previous couple years was reused, as the canoe geometry can be changed by creating new cross sections and is not affected by the frame. The metal cross sections were secured to the frame, ensuring to mark the centerline on the frame first and lining them with the centerline on each section as shown in Figure 14. Figure 14: Cross sections being mounted to the mold frame Spacers composed of long threaded rods, couplers, washers, and nuts were placed so they connected all the sections and could be adjusted for even spacing. Next, small 90 degree bends were made in strips of aluminum to create angle brackets and were attached to the top of each cross section for the purpose of securing the sheet metal that would be placed inside later. To create a template for the inside mold, paper was placed inside the frame in sections and carefully smoothed to mimic the shape of the canoe. Then it was traced and cut, which was then used to cut the sheet metal to create templates. This year, we received new rolling equipment that could easily bend sheet metal. This lead to more accurate and smoother metal sections, ultimately speeding up the construction of the canoe mold. The sheet metal then had to be placed in the mold, riveted together, and bent 90 degrees at top to secure it to the angle brackets created earlier as shown in Figure 15. The sheets fit together by using a machine to create a groove in some of the sections. Once all of the