The overall analysis demonstrates a table in which it shows how the problem question of whether it is possible to distinguish between economic migrants and IDPs. The idea stemmed from Puntland’s President Faroole who argued that people migrating to Puntland are more economic migrants than IDPs fleeing insecurities. The first stage shows that we need to look at the relationship between internal displacement and urban city. First, the first box indicate what the pushes and pull factors are that causes people to migrate to Bosaso. The respondents in my finding discussed that they left their place of origin because of loss of livelihood. This made them, as a family, migrate to Bosaso. In Bosaso, they hope to rebuilt their lives by getting jobs and having better security. However, the mass influx of IDPs causes competition for the already scarce resources on Bosaso. This creates a contested resource between IDPs and hosting community The second box ‘relationship between hosts and IDPs’ illustrate the ‘invisible’ difference between the north and southern Somali population (Lewis, 1961). As most of the IDPs are from Southern parts of Somalia, it was argued that intergroup clan difference between South and North can affect how host community perceived the IDPs. However, the other side of the argument is that these relations are not determined merely on clan, but moreover the social class difference (Besteman, 1998). Nevertheless, it could be argued that both argument are valid in this case. Social class status could be seen in the Somali clan systems. Minority groups such as the Raxweyne and Bantu’s are often marginalized because they are not seen ‘pure’. As a consequence, some dominant clans create certain barriers and restrictions on them. Nevertheless, IDPs migration are territorially excluded and restriction on access to Bosaso have become a frequent procedure. Several recent reports have attested that IDPs are deported and arrested by Puntland officials. The last box is the answer to the problem formulation. Due to the above-mentioned factors, it is clear that the reasons why IDPs are preferably identified and categorized as economic migrants is because of the shere fact economic migrant do not posses as many rights and IDPs have. They are able to return home afterwards. However, IDPs are not able to return to the place of origin, because of the instabilities.
Date Method Population Type Gender Ethnicity/clan Overall Hosting community Clan leaders/community leaders and Men Harti 6 (3 women and 3 men) Urban IDPs Clan leaders/community leaders and Men Raxweyn 6 (3 women and 3 men) Settlement IDPs Clan leaders/community leaders Women and Men Raxweyn 6 (3 women and 3 men) 1. General Information for Individual interviews with clan community committees: 2. Individual Interviews Date Method Name and title Organisation 31/03/2012 Skype Interview 1-1 Victor Head of Coordination in Puntland OCHA 04/04/2012 Skype Interview 1-1 Mohammed Mahamud, Coordinator for CDRD of Puntland DRC 06/04/2012 Skype interview CANCELLED Charlotte Ridung, Programme Director for Puntland 27/04/2012 Email Questions Mohammed ID, Director for Migration Regional Council for Bosasso Local Authority 06/04/2012 Skype Interview 1-1 with assistance from research assistant Clan Elder for Raxweyn Skype Interview 1-1 with assistance from research assistant Clan for Majeerteen Critea of participants All the men focus group discussion need to have 1) three or four community leaders/ committee who represent their community and 2) at least one clan leader from the Harti clan and at least one clan leader from the Raxweyn clan. The women participants need to be: 1) members of the community committee or leaders and 2) female head of household according to the following UN definition: ‘The person who chief responsibility for the economic maintenance of the household (...) the head of the household is the person who is acknowledged as such by the other household members’