Principles of the U.S. Constitution Protections of the Bill of Rights Checks & Balances— creates a balance of power between 3 branches—each branch (legislative, executive, judicial) assigned certain powers Freedom of speech religion assembly press petition 2 right to bear arms Federalism—division of power based on location Federal 3 no quartering of troops 4 no unreasonable search and seizure Separation of Powers—divides government powers into 3 branches legislative – law-making body executive – executes the law judicial – judges the law 5 no self-incrimination no double jeopardy grand jury eminent domain. . . the government can take over property with just compensation 6 by jury to a lawyer speedy trial Limited Government—government has only the powers given in the Constitution 7 by jury (civil cases) Republicanism—democratic government chosen by the 8 no cruel and unusual punishment Popular Sovereignty—people hold the over government 9 rights of the people are not limited to those in the Constitution Individual Rights—protected rights of the people in the Bill of Rights 10 all powers not specified in the Constitution are to the states representation
Progressive Era Instructions: Trace the problems to the reform and then explain the impact. Problem Muckraker Reform What impact did the reform have? Economic Monopolies/trusts Banks Laissez-faire government Ida Tarbell Theodore Roosevelt Woodrow Wilson Business regulation: Interstate Commerce Act Sherman Act Clayton Increased the federal government’s ability to prevent unfair business activities Federal Reserve Act 1913—Established the Federal Reserve System to help with economic issues Federal government’s movement toward enacting monetary policy 16th Amendment—Income Tax Congress could now tax personal income Social Civil Rights Suffrage Working conditions Living conditions Consumer safety Ida B. Wells W.E.B. DuBois Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Jane Addams, Jacob Riis Booker T. Washington Sinclair wrote —The Jungle NAACP Gave a to racial equality 19th Amendment Moved nation toward equality based on gender Settlement houses Education Movement toward social reform Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Protection of consumer health Unions — AFL, Knights of Labor Gave a voice to workers’ rights Political Government corruption Amendments Lincoln Steffens Robert LaFollette Initiative—voters can introduce bill Recall—voters can remove elected officials Referendum—voters seek legislators to put a bill on a ballot Direct Primary—used by voters to choose candidates 17th Amendment—direct elec. of senators Civil Service Reform—created commission to monitor Helped end corruption and increased participation in democratic process Environment Abuse of natural resources Teddy Roosevelt John Muir National Park Service Act—established parks & monuments under federal control National Park System—supervision & maintenance of natural parks, Conservation of natural resources by the federal government
American Imperialism From Isolationism to Expansionism Why? Examples: Military Alfred T. argued for a strong Navy in his book “Influence of Sea Power Upon History” Protection of territories Refueling ports Economic/Political Need for raw materials and markets. Open Door Policy— U.S. declares continued with China. Boxer Rebellion Dollar Diplomacy— Taft’s idea to give economic support to other countries. Roosevelt Corollary— justified sending U.S. troops to intervene in Central America. Social Spread of American institutions Missionary zeal Annexation of Hawaii Sandford B. Dole Missionaries Military Port Commodore Perry opens Japan to trade Henry Cabot Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt pushed for expansionism— what is that? Desire to expand territory for economic, social, or political gain How was this different from previous U.S. foreign policy? Isolationism was original foreign policy (neutrality) Panama Canal Huge undertaking that Theodore Roosevelt oversaw Improved trade and military movement Malaria/challenges of geography Think About It: How did these events move the U.S. into the position as a world power? Social, economic and political motives in addition to acquiring territory moved the U.S. as world power. 9
The Roaring Twenties (The Great American Mullet) Instructions: Fill in the importance of each of the following: “Business in the Front” “Change in the Back” POLITICAL “Return to Normalcy” — President Harding’s reduced role of U.S. government / laissez-faire policies Harding & Teapot Dome Scandal 18TH Amendment—Prohibition of Alcohol 19th Amendment— right to vote 21st Amendment—repealed prohibition ECONOMIC $Economic Boom—How did these impact the Economy? $Mass Production/Assembly Line-allowed faster, less costly means of production $Henry Ford—built first affordable cars on a large scale government regulation led to rapid growth in business $Buying-on-Credit-allowed consumers to purchase goods and to pay in installments; increased buying SOCIAL Red nativist feelings related to anti-communism Growth of nativism-after WWI, increased fear led to Red Scare Immigration Act of immigration from Southern/Eastern Europe Eugenics-desire to restrict certain groups; driven by nativism Great Migration influenced culture-movement of African Americans to large urban areas for jobs Social Darwinism-survival of the fittest applied to society and business SOCIAL—modernism v. traditionalism Adventure— Charles Lindbergh—1st person to fly the Atlantic Ocean Glenn Curtiss — Aviation Pioneer that was 1st to design seaplane that could take off and land on water Changing Role of Flappers-greater independence Frances Willard — Temperance Movement Rights Movement Cultural Values— Prohibition Organized Crime-increased Scopes “Monkey” Trial— clash between traditionalism and modernism over teaching evolution. Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan Art, Music & Literature Jazz Age – of new music-awakening of African American Culture Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes-literature Marcus Garvey-political activist Tin Pan Alley—NYC area that mixed culture and music to form new pop music Lost Generation —F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby; Ernest Hemingway; Sinclair Lewis-captured the spirit of change in the 20s with new values
FDR’s Instructions: What is important the following— Relief (Short-term) Is like — a band-aid Recovery (Stimulus) Is like — a cast Reform (Systematic) Is like — prevention Bank Holiday: closed all nation’s banks to stabilize and restore consumer confidence Emergency Mortgage Loans: to support business and consumers Work Relief Programs: CCC;PWA; WPA hired workers for federal projects National Recovery Administration: federal program that set prices and production controls plus a minimum wage Agricultural Adjustment Administration: paid farmers to plant fewer crops; government also bought overages Social Security Administration: workers/employers pay into system that provides support for the unemployed and elderly Securities & Exchange Commission: organized to oversee the stock market and prevent corruption Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.: insures bank deposits up to $250,000 Tennessee Valley Authority: 14
Bill Clinton 1993-2001 George W. Bush 2001-2009 Barack Obama 2009-2017 Economic Issues Attempted health care reform with Hillary Clinton leading task force – did not pass Congress Supported welfare reform, taxes, and stricter crime prevention measures GATT — Changed to World Trade Organization NAFTA— impacted trade in N. America Financial Crisis of 2008 led to— Home foreclosures Fear of financial failures Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (2008) gave billions of dollars to prevent banks and businesses from failing American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 gave economic stimulus $700 billion spent by federal government to support economy Banking and credit reform Legislation to support credit card and lending practices 2000 Election — What was unique? Gore won popular vote; Supreme stopped Florida recount giving Bush the electoral college win 2001 Terrorist Attack —Turning Point World Trade Center and Pentagon attacked by al-Qaeda; Bush launched a war on terror U.S. Patriot Act created to give Gov’t expanded power to conduct security measures following 9/11 War on Terror: Iraq— U.S. troops deployed when Hussein was thought to have weapons of mass destruction Afghanistan— U.S. troops deployed to find terrorists Political Issues Ross Perot —3rd party candidates can impact elections Contract with America was supported by most Republicans proposed by Newt Gingrich, Republican Speaker of the House Balkan Crisis— Ethnic tension caused conflict in the Balkans; Clinton sent troops which led to a compromise 2008 Election Turning Point – First African American President Affordable Care Act— Healthcare reform designed to make health care available to Americans Appointed Sonia Sotomayor 1st Hispanic American to U.S. Supreme Court Social Issues Scandal led to impeachment (formal accusation) by the of Representatives Senate vote did not remove the president Appointed— Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State Influence of Oprah Winfrey — Publicly endorsed President Obama during election over Hillary Clinton 24 No Child Left Behind was created to promote educational reform by testing students in English and Math Hurricane Katrina caused by natural disaster and human factors (levee failure, delayed rescue)
TEDDY ROOSEVELT- PANAMA CANAL EARLY 1900S WHITE FLEET”- INTIMIDATION IMPERIALISM/EXPANSIONISM FLAPPERS WOMEN’S ROLES CHANGE- SHORT HAIR, SHORT SKIRTS, DRANK, SMOKED, DIDN’T MARRY THE ROARING 20s STOCK MARKET CRASH 1929- 1930S THE 30s—GREAT DEPRESSION BUYING ON MARGIN (CREDIT) RUN ON BANKS Great American Quilt SPANISH AMERICAN WAR- YELLOW JOURNALISM 1898 ACQUIRED GUAM, PHILIPPINES, PUERTO RICO IMPERIALISM/EXPANSIONISM TRENCH WARFARE 1914-1918 WWI ALLIES V. CENTRAL POWERS MEAT INDUSTRY-“MUCKRAKER” JOURNALISTS EXPOSE ISSUES AND FIX THEM 1890-1920S PROGRESSIVES
MIGRANT MOTHER- DUST BOWL THE DEPRESSION F.D.R.- NEW DEAL PROGRAMS RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM THE 30s—GREAT DEPRESSION ROSIE THE RIVETER WOMEN REPLACE MEN DURING THE WAR 1939-1945 WWII FEAR OF NUCLEAR ATTACKS BY USSR AND CUBA 1945-1991 COLD WAR LEVITTOWN- SUBURBS- INFRASTRUCTURE-HIGHWAY SYSTEM 1945-1991 COLD WAR ROSA LEADER OF BUS BOYCOTTS 1950-1960S CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT FREEDOM RIDES, SIT-INS, MARCHES 28 Great American Quilt
FALL OF BERLIN WALL (GERMANY)- 1989 SEPARATES COMMUNIST EAST FROM DEMOCRATIC WEST COLD WAR PRESIDENT OBAMMA 2009-2016 1ST MINORITY PRESIDENT 21st CENTURY 9/11/2001- TERRORIST ATTACKS WORLD TRADE TOWERS PENTAGON FLIGHT 93 AL-QAEDA OSAMA BIN LADEN WAR ON TERROR 21st CENTURY 29