08 03 08 04 10 01 10 02 10 03 10 05 10 06, 10 08 10 08, 10 10, 10 11 10 09, 10 10 10 11, 10 12, 10 13 16 11 17 01 17 03 17 05 17 06 17 08 19 01 19 07 19 10 19 13 Bottom ash + ecotoxic + waste Fly ash + ecotoxic + waste Gas cleaning + ecotoxic + waste Filter cakes + ecotoxic + waste cooling water treatment + ecotoxic + waste Flue gas dust + ecotoxic + waste Slag + ecotoxic + waste Dross + ecotoxic + waste cooling water treatment + ecotoxic + waste Flue gas dust + ecotoxic + waste Moulds + ecotoxic + waste Gas treatment + ecotoxic + waste Lining + ecotoxic + waste Refractories + ecotoxic + waste Concrete + ecotoxic + waste Bituminous + ecotoxic + waste Soil + ecotoxic + waste Spoil + ecotoxic + waste Insulation + ecotoxic + waste Gypsum + ecotoxic + waste Bottom ash + ecotoxic + waste Fly ash + ecotoxic + waste Boiler dust + ecotoxic + waste Landfill leachate + ecotoxic + waste Dust + ecotoxic + waste Soil + ecotoxic + waste The collected documents were attributed one or more waste codes depending on the waste samples analysed. A few pieces of information (for instance, the name of the samples of interest, or the fact that the protocols were performed according to ISO standards) were also reported in the Excel file. Although the desk study was not a formal systematic search, it should be representative of the amount of literature (scientific and grey) publically available on the waste codes of the list. The scoring system is as follows: Number of publications Score 0 0 1 1 2 3 2
Poland Krystyna Panek-Gondek Magdalena PERLIŃSKA Andrzej Jagusiewicz Roman Jaworski None Italy Daniela Conti Andrea Paina Stefania Balzamo Maria Belli Loredana Musmeci Daniela Conti Andrea Paina Stefania Balzamo As a result, factsheets were drafted for the following countries: Austria France Belgium Germany Italy Finland Czech Republic United Kingdom Spain The next sections detail and analyse the information reported in those factsheets. Full country factsheets The factsheets are available in Annex 2. Description of the approaches General information The nine Member States have either national legislation, guidelines or both, describing methods to assess HP 14 in their jurisdictions (Table 7). Italy and Austria passed laws introducing the criteria assigning HP 14 to waste but did not issue guidelines. In Spain, the Ordinance determining the methods for assessing HP 14 is accompanied by appendices providing guidance. In the other countries (France, Germany, Finland, UK and Belgium), where no legislative instrument exist, guidelines are however available. Table : National legislation or guidelines for the H14 assessment methods and protocols Member State Legal instrument Guidelines Austria Fed. Law Gaz No. 522/1973 as amended by Fed Law Gaz III No. 36/2001 Belgium OVAM (2004) Europese afvalstoffenlijst EURAL Handleiding Czech Republic Decree No 376/2001 Coll. on evaluation of hazardous properties of waste Instructions for waste ecotoxicity evaluation (Bulletin of Ministry of Environment (No.4, 2007)
While Italy and the Czech Republic have adopted a standard encompassing raw waste and water extracts, the other Member States have opted for a specific standard on leaching solid materials. Biotests performed to assess HP 14 aim at evaluating acute or chronic toxicity; furthermore, threshold values were established to determine which conditions made waste hazardous. The batteries of tests differ among Member States (Table 12). Table : Batteries of tests used in Member States using biotests to assess HP 14 Aquatic tests Terrestrial tests Member State Organism Standard Organism Standard Czech Republic Daphnia magna Sinapis alba Desmodesmus subspicatus Poecilia reticulata ISO 6341 Czech guidelines ISO 8692 ISO 7346-2 None France (initial strategy) Daphnia magna (acute) Vibrio fischeri Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Ceriodaphnia dubia Brachionus calyciflorus ISO 6341 ISO 11348-3 NF EN ISO 8692 NF ISO 20665 NF ISO 20666 E. fetida (acute) Lactuca sativa ISO 11 268-1 ISO 11269-2 France (hybrid strategy combining initial strategy and German strategy) Daphnia magna (acute) Vibrio fischeri Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata ISO 6341 ISO 11348-3 NF EN ISO 8692 E. fetida (avoidance) Avena sativa / Brassica rapa Arthrobacter globiformis ISO 17512-1 ISO 11269-2 ISO/DIS 18187 Spain Vibrio fischeri Daphnia magna ISO 11348 ISO 6341 None Germany Daphnia magna (acute) Daphnia magna (chronic) Vibrio fischeri Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata / Desmodesmus subspicatus Lemna minor ISO 6341 ISO 10706 ISO NF EN ISO 8692 ISO 20079 E. fetida E. fetida (chronic) Brassica rapa Arthrobacter globiformis Folsomia candida (chronic) ISO 17512-1 ISO 12 268-1 ISO 11269-2 ISO/DIS 18187 ISO 11267
Expert contacted to elaborate this factsheet Mr. Jaromír Manhart, jaromir.manhart@mzp.cz Ms. Eva Kubova, eva.kubova@mzp.cz References Ministerstvo životního prostředí české republiky (2007) Metodický pokyn odboru odpadů ke stanovení ekotoxicity odpadů Additional information FINLAND National approach to assess H14 (ecotoxicity) of wastes Type of approach(es) used in the country to assess H14 property of waste Calculation method with limit value Based on recommended limit value for hazardous components (General limit values of DPD Directive without M-factors) Variability in H14 assessment methods depending on the waste nature In cases where a substance is classified as ecotoxic in the Chemicals Legislation, the limit values of Chemicals Legislation are used also for evaluation of ecotoxicity of the waste. According to guidance given in 2002, if there isn´t sufficient information available on the chemical composition of the waste, criterion H14 could also be assessed by using ecotoxicity tests. It is recommended to use a combination of several tests. However, no limit values have been set for ecotoxicity tests in relation to H14 evaluation so their usability for classification is very limited. Hence they are not applied in practice for evaluation if H14. Related legislation and guidelines Legislation Waste decree of the Finnish Ministry of the Environment 1128/2001 The Finnish waste legislation does not yet refer to any specific test methods or limit values to determine the ecotoxic property of wastes Guidelines Dahlbo, H. 2002. Jätteen luokittelu ongelmajätteeksi – arvioinnin perusteet ja menetelmät (Classification of waste as hazardous waste – the basis and methods for evaluation). Environment Guide 98. Finnish Environment Institute. Helsinki. Finland. 160 pp. (In Finnish) Ympäristöministeriö, Tilastokeskus, Suomen ympäristökeskus. Jäteluokitusopas 2005 (Waset Classification Guide 2005). Tilastokeskus, Käsikirjoja 37. Helsinki 2005. (In Finnish) Stakeholders involved in the H14 assessment The Finnish Environment Institute, VTT
Ordinance Stakeholders involved in the H14 assessment Federal Environment Agency Umweltbundesamt UbA (funding, organising, testing, communication) ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH (testing) Waste with highest tonnage Waste with highest tonnage Waste from construction : 54%, 197 Mt Hazardous waste with highest tonnage 19: Waste from waste treatment facilities, off-site waste water treatment plants and the water industry (34%, 6.9 Mt) 17 : Construction and demolition wastes (including road construction) (34%, 6.9 Mt) Chapter of List of waste with the highest share of hazardous waste 05 : Wastes from petroleum refining, natural gas purification and pyrolytic treatment of coal (59%, 146 kt) Percentage of waste considered as hazardous by H14 No data available on Federal level. Protocol used ecotoxic tests are applied Prioritization of tests: aquatic vs terrestrial) First step: aquatic tests, then terrestrial tests Terrestrial tests on solid wastes
Waste with highest tonnage Percentage of waste considered as hazardous by H14 Share of waste assessed positive for the H14 criteria, globally and by category: information not available at country level Protocol used Ecotoxic tests are applied Leaching tests : EN14735 Aquatic tests
the highest share of hazardous waste purification and pyrolytic treatment of coal (49%, 66.8 kt) 07 : Wastes from organic chemical processes (40%, 414 kt) Percentage of waste considered as hazardous by H14 Approximately 20% Protocol used Ecotoxicity tests are applied Prioritization of tests (aquatic vs terrestrial) Only aquatic tests on leaching extracts Leaching/extraction test used UNE 12457-2 Aquatic tests No calculation methods are used Illustrative examples - Qualitative assessment of the method(s) Advantages Spain highlights that there are often problems due to the fact that wastes are complex matrices (coloured, oily, particulates, precipitates, etc.). Considering that often the ecotoxicity test is the only real bioassay performed on waste, as it is by far the cheapest, it seems reasonable to use a test battery. The applied toxicity tests (Daphnia magna, Vibrio fischeri) are relatively economic and simple. The Daphnia test is in general
06 05 03 sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 06 05 02 07 01 11* sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances 07 01 12 sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 01 11 07 02 11* sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances 07 02 12 sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 02 11 07 03 11* sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances 07 03 12 sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 03 11 07 05 11* sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances 07 05 12 sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 05 11 07 06 11* sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances 07 06 12 sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 06 11 08 01 13* sludges from paint or varnish containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances 08 01 14 sludges from paint or varnish other than those mentioned in 08 01 13 08 03 12* waste ink containing hazardous substances 08 03 13 waste ink other than those mentioned in 08 03 12 08 03 14* ink sludges containing hazardous substances 08 03 15 ink sludges other than those mentioned in 08 03 14
10 08 17* sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment containing hazardous substances 10 08 18 sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 08 17 10 08 19* wastes from treatment containing oil 10 08 20 wastes from treatment other than those mentioned in 10 08 19 10 09 05* casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring containing hazardous substances 10 09 06 casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring other than those mentioned in 10 09 05 10 09 07* casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring containing hazardous substances 10 09 08 casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring other than those mentioned in 10 09 07 10 09 11* other particulates containing hazardous substances 10 09 12 other particulates other than those mentioned in 10 09 11 10 09 13* waste binders containing hazardous substances 10 09 14 waste binders other than those mentioned in 10 09 13 10 10 05* casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring, containing hazardous substances 10 10 06 casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring, other than those mentioned in 10 10 05
10 10 07* casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring, containing hazardous substances 10 10 08 casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring, other than those mentioned in 10 10 07 10 10 09* flue-gas dust containing hazardous substances 10 10 10 flue-gas dust other than those mentioned in 10 10 09 10 10 11* other particulates containing hazardous substances 10 10 12 other particulates other than those mentioned in 10 10 11 10 10 13* waste binders containing hazardous substances 10 10 14 waste binders other than those mentioned in 10 10 13 10 11 09* waste preparation mixture before thermal processing, containing hazardous substances 10 11 10 waste preparation mixture before thermal processing, other than those mentioned in 10 11 09 10 11 15* solid wastes from treatment containing hazardous substances 10 11 16 solid wastes from treatment other than those mentioned in 10 11 15 10 12 09* solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances 10 12 10 solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 12 09
10 13 12* solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances 10 13 13 solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 13 12 11 01 09* sludges and filter cakes containing hazardous substances 11 01 10 sludges and filter cakes other than those mentioned in 11 01 09 12 01 14* machining sludges containing hazardous substances 12 01 15 machining sludges other than those mentioned in 12 01 14 12 01 16* waste blasting material containing hazardous substances 12 01 17 waste blasting material other than those mentioned in 12 01 16 16 11 01* carbon-based linings and refractories from metallurgical processes containing hazardous substances 16 11 02 carbon-based linings and refractories from metallurgical processes others than those mentioned in 16 11 01 16 11 03* other linings and refractories from metallurgical processes containing hazardous substances 16 11 04 other linings and refractories from metallurgical processes other than those mentioned in 16 11 03 16 11 05* linings and refractories from non-metallurgical processes containing hazardous substances 16 11 06 linings and refractories from non-metallurgical processes others than those mentioned in 16 11 05
17 01 06* mixtures of, or separate fractions of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics containing hazardous substances 17 01 07 mixtures of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics other than those mentioned in 17 01 06 17 03 01* bituminous mixtures containing coal tar 17 03 02 bituminous mixtures other than those mentioned in 17 03 01 17 05 03* soil and stones containing hazardous substances 17 05 04 soil and stones other than those mentioned in 17 05 03 17 05 05* dredging spoil containing hazardous substances 17 05 06 dredging spoil other than those mentioned in 17 05 05 17 06 03* other insulation materials consisting of or containing hazardous substances 17 06 04 insulation materials other than those mentioned in 17 06 01 and 17 06 03 17 08 01* gypsum-based construction materials contaminated with hazardous substances 17 08 02 gypsum-based construction materials other than those mentioned in 17 08 01 19 01 11* bottom ash and slag containing hazardous substances 19 01 12 bottom ash and slag other than those mentioned in 19 01 11 19 01 13* fly ash containing hazardous substances 19 01 14 fly ash other than those mentioned in 19 01 13 19 01 15* boiler dust containing hazardous substances
19 01 16 boiler dust other than those mentioned in 19 01 15 19 03 06* wastes marked as hazardous, solidified 19 03 07 solidified wastes other than those mentioned in 19 03 06 19 07 02* landfill leachate containing hazardous substances 19 07 03 landfill leachate other than those mentioned in 19 07 02 19 08 11* sludges containing hazardous substances from biological treatment of industrial waste water 19 08 12 sludges from biological treatment of industrial waste water other than those mentioned in 19 08 11 19 08 13* sludges containing hazardous substances from other treatment of industrial waste water 19 08 14 sludges from other treatment of industrial waste water other than those mentioned in 19 08 13 19 10 03* fluff-light fraction and dust containing hazardous substances 19 10 04 fluff-light fraction and dust other than those mentioned in 19 10 03 19 13 01* solid wastes from soil remediation containing hazardous substances 19 13 02 solid wastes from soil remediation other than those mentioned in 19 13 01