Cabled are made by twisting together folded yarns. Folded Yarns- Folded yarns are made in a single processing step, combining 2, 3 or more single yarns into one by twisting them together. Cabled Yarns- Cabled yarns require more than one twisting stage. Two or more folded yarns may be twisted together to form a cabled yarn. Core Yarns- Core yarns have long been used for burnt out effects in woven fabrics. The covering component is made of a different material from the core and can be selectively removed, according to a printed pattern. Stretch fabrics can be made from core yarns in which the core is an Elastane filament and the covering is made from natural fibre, or textured filament yarn. Core-spun are made by covering a core filament yarn with staple fibres in a single spinning process. Sewing threads are often made from core or core-spun yarns. The synthetic filament core gives high strength whilst the cover yarn or covering fibres prevent the needle from over-heating and protect the core from softening or melting at the needle during high-speed sewing. Colour Effects Structure Effects Lustre Effects Mixture of Ingrain yarns are made by mixing fibres of different colours during spinning. This results in a heather effect. For example: Marengo Slub are single or folded yarns having long thick places, regularly or irregularly disposed. The slub effect is made either in spinning or folding. Fabrics may have the character of linen or wild silk, which is favoured in furnishings.
such as Lurex, or clear films, or fibres with special cross-sections. Fabric examples: brocade, lame. Melange or Vigoureux yarns are spun from combed silver or top which has been printed with stripes. The appearance is somewhat like a mixture. Bourette or Knop are folded yarns containing short, often coloured bunches of fibres or yarn at regular or irregular intervals. The knops may be formed during carding, during spinning, or during folding. Fabrics have a structured surface. Example: Donegal tweed. Mottle or Marl yarns are made by spinning from two-colour roving’s or from two roving’s of different colours. The appearance is like mouline but with less sharp contrast. Bouclé or Loop yarns are compound yarns made by a special folding process which results in wavy or looped projections. Fabrics have a more or less grainy handle and a textured surface. Examples bouclé, fries, frotté. Jaspé or Mouliné yarns are made by folding two or more differently coloured yarns, or yarns made from different fibres with different dyeing behaviour. They give a mottled appearance. For example: fresco. Chenille is a cut pile yarn, it is soft and voluminous. yarns are made by cutting special fabrics into strips. They are used in furnishing fabrics and knitwear. Crêpe yarns are used to make fabrics with a wrinkled surface and a sandy handle. They are made from highly twisted yarns. Fabric examples: crêpe de chine, georgette, crepon, marocain. Blends Most modern fabrics contain more than one fibre. This is because there is no such thing as the perfect fibre so manufacturers include different fibres in a blend. Blending is achieved by spinning two or more fibres together to make a yarn. This enables a fabric to be made which will be better suited to the product. In order to make a successful blend, the fibres must be the same length so that they can be mixed together before they are spun into a yarn. Continuous filament yarns can be twisted together to make a multi-filament yarn, e.g. polyester and nylon.
The marketing function: The aim of marketing is to influence potential customers to buy your product. Advertising and promotion will give a message about how your product is better, more unique than others – it’s USP (Unique Selling Preposition) Marketing and branding of new fibres and other textile products Often done through campaign that addresses the consumer directly, e.g. use of swing tickets showing the fibre brand logo and giving information on the performance of the fibre, e.g. Lycra, Modal, Tencel. This adds perceived quality to the garment and attracts the buyer. Importance of labelling, packaging and corporate identification Develop instantly recognisable ‘style’ this promotes reliability, quality and hopefully develops a ‘band loyalty’ with consumers. Most textile products do not require much packaging other than swing tag.