YL/ English literature <and French literature; German literature TA/ 1800-1999 PA/ poetry <and drama The example above pertains only when the national literatures share the same classifications in facets TA and PA. For example, if a document is comparing the use of irony in seventeenth century French poetry to twentieth century American drama, use only one national category in YL for each Template and compare to the other literature below in the indexing string of the literature Template that is the primary focus of the document. (Double String) TEMPLATE 1 YL/ American literature TA/ 1900-1999 PA/ drama LK/ irony <cot French poetry TEMPLATE 2 YL/ French literature TA/ 1600-1699 PA/ poetry Double string with multiple authors: (Double String) TEMPLATE 1 YL/ American literature TA/ 1800-1899 RA/ Hawthorne, Nathaniel PA/ novel NA/ The Scarlet Letter LA/ <tof women <cot Sand, George: Indiana TEMPLATE 2 YL/ French literature TA/ 1800-1899 RA/ Sand, George PA/ novel NA/ Indiana If up to five authors are discussed, place the third, fourth and fifth subject author in the string without the extra classification. The in-house editor will add additional Templates during the review process. Double string with three subject authors: (Double String) TEMPLATE 1 YL/ American literature TA/ 1800-1899 RA/ Melville, Herman PA/ novel NA/ Moby Dick LA/ <tof laughter; <ret social identity <cot Lewis, Henry Clay: The Curious Widow; Dunbar, Paul Laurence: The Sport of the Gods TEMPLATE 2 YL/ American literature TA/ 1800-1899 RA/ Lewis, Henry Clay PA/ short story NA/ The Curious Double string in which one national literature is discussed generally and the other more specifically: (Double String) TEMPLATE 1 YL/ English literature TA/ 1900-1999 RA/ Ford, Ford Madox PA/ fiction <and prose MA/ <ret French writers TEMPLATE 2 YL/ French literature TA/ 1800-1999 PA/ fiction <and poetry Remember that indexing strings in facets MA and below should not be duplicated across Templates. Note how in the two examples above the string in LA appears only in the Template that is determined to be the focus of the document.
YL/ American literature TA/ 1900-1999 RA/ Fitzgerald, F. Scott PA/ novel NA/ This Side of Paradise LK/ narrative technique LA/ <tof sexual desire DA/ <thr Brooks, Peter: Reading for the Plot Occasionally you will find a classification structure for scholars such as Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno or György Lukács. It’s always a good idea to search the scholar’s name in our database to determine how he/she has been indexed in the past for precedence. Performers, editors of periodicals, non-literary figures, and the like should also be included in facets than RA. Note the reference to the painter Albrecht Dürer and Harold Wallace Ross in the following citations: YL/ French literature TA/ 1500-1599 RA/ Rabelais, François PA/ fiction NA/ Pantagruel LA/ <tof Apostles <cot painting <byx Dürer, Albrecht YL/ American literature TA/ 1900-1999 PA/ periodicals: The New Yorker MA/ <rof Ross, Harold Wallace Filmmakers are included in Template 8 under dramatic arts/film. Consult chapter 8 for further details. RA/ Anonymous Works Use this to classify citations that discuss anonymous works, such as Beowulf and La Chanson de Roland. Supply the appropriate YL and TA. Never enter a genre in the PA facet for anonymous works. When using printed sheets only, underline work titles in RA and lower facets. (See for instructions for keying work titles in electronic formats.) YL/ English literature TA/ 400-1099 Old English period RA/ Beowulf LK/ meter YL/ Indian literature TA/ 1199 B.C.-299 A.D. RA/ Mahabharata LA/ <tof war QA/ Groups/Movements Complete QA if the document discusses a literary group, school, or movement as an important topic. YL/ French literature TA/ 1800-1899 QA/ Symbolist movement PA/ poetry MA/ <ret cryptography YL/ English literature TA/ 1900-1999 QA/ Bloomsbury Group PA/
ZS/ language XS/ psycholinguistics VS/ aphasia QA/ <inx bilinguals ZS/ French language (Modern) SS/ lexicology SR/ slang QA/ <ofx adolescents but ZS/ language XS/ psycholinguistics VS/ language processing MA/ syntactic processing <inx non-native speakers ZS/ English language (Modern): Tok Pisin English Pidgin language <and Taiap language SS/ pragmatics MA/ code switching <inx verbal abuse <byx women Continue to Part III for discussion of the relevant non-classifying indexing facets for this Template. Template 6 Linguistics: Additional Examples The following additional examples contrast general XS/VS classifications with specific language classifications. Where there is substantial treatment of up to three specific languages or language groups, the bibliography leans toward specific language classification. It is occasionally possible to name specific languages in lower facets for a document with a ZS/ language general classification, where the specific classification would seem to misrepresent the article. history of linguistics ZS/ language XS/ history of linguistics TA/ 1800-1999 EA/ <ret philology ZS/ Occitan language MA/ <tin German linguistics <dat 1800-1899 areal linguistics ZS/ language XS/ areal linguistics MA/ <ret linguistic typology ZS/ Croatian language UA/ Austria: Burgenland SS/ dialectology MA/ <ret language contact ZS/ language XS/ areal linguistics UA/ U.S.S.R. MA/ +Sprachbund=; <ret phonological typology DA/ <thr Jakobson, Roman Osipovich; Trubetskoi, Nikolai Sergeevich ZS/ Uralic languages UA/ Siberia SS/ morphology MA/ preterit tense; gerund; <ret language contact comparative linguistics
linguistic literary theory and criticism literary history Marxist literary theory and criticism narrative theory New Criticism New Historicism phenomenological literary theory and criticism philosophical literary theory and criticism postcolonial literary theory and criticism postmodernist literary theory and criticism poststructuralist literary theory and criticism psychoanalytic literary theory criticism psychological literary theory and criticism reader-response theory and criticism reception theory rhetorical criticism semiotic literary theory and criticism socialist realist literary theory and criticism sociological literary theory and criticism structuralist literary theory and criticism THEMES AND FIGURES the absurd Adam heaven addiction homosexuality aesthetics identity Africa Islam angel landscape beauty magic biblical figures male body book money cannibalism nature childhood noble savage disability the other Don Juan pity ecology racism exile rose the fantastic Sleeping Beauty gender Titanic genius utopia (The above are given by way of example; any theme is eligible.) Facets in General Literature and Related Topics are used as follows: ZG/ LITERATURE MAIN TOPIC Complete by using one of the main ZG headings: general literature, comparative literature, humanities, research tools, bibliographical, censorship, dramatic arts, figures of speech, genres, literary forms, literary movements, literary theory and criticism, or themes and figures. using ZG/ general literature if a more specific heading can be used. Examples of appropriate use of the category:
ZG/ dramatic arts YA/ film XG/ film genres VG/ road film ZG/ dramatic arts YA/ film XG/ film genres VG/ crime film <and spy film Film adaptations of literary works require a double string when the process of adaptation is under discussion: one classified in Template 8, the other in the appropriate national literature Template. The following indexing reflects a document that focuses on the film adaptations of the fiction of William Faulkner: (Double String) TEMPLATE 8 ZG/ dramatic arts YA/ film XG/ film adaptation MA/ <ofx Faulkner, William TEMPLATE 1 YL/ American literature TA/ 1900-1999 RA/ Faulkner, William PA/ fiction The first example below represents indexing for a document that discusses Galdós’s treatment of gender roles in Tristana by way of an introductory comparison to Buñuel’s treatment of the same theme in his film version of the novel. (Note how indexing in LA appears only in Template 1, since the document is concerned primarily with the literary text.) (Double String) TEMPLATE 8 ZG/ dramatic arts YA/ film XG/ film adaptation RA/ Buñuel, Luis NA/ Tristana TEMPLATE 1 YL/ Spanish literature TA/ 1800-1899 RA/ Pérez Galdós, Benito PA/ novel NA/ Tristana LA/ <tof sex roles <cot Buñuel, Luis (Double String) TEMPLATE 8 ZG/ dramatic arts YA/ film XG/ film adaptation RA/ Nichols, Mike NA/ The Graduate MA/ <ofx Webb, Charles: The Graduate TEMPLATE 1 YL/ American literature TA/ 1900-1999 RA/ Webb, Charles PA/ novel NA/ The Graduate (Double String) TEMPLATE 8 ZG/ dramatic arts YA/ film XG/ film adaptation RA/ Spielberg, Steven NA/ The Color Purple LA/ <tof African Americans <inx film adaptation <byx Walker, Alice TEMPLATE 1 YL/ American literature TA/ 1900-1999 RA/ Walker, Alice PA/ novel NA/ The Color Purple The following example of indexing might occur when the film adaptation has a different title (or the same title but in a different language) as the literary work it is adapting, and the document is focusing on the film:
(Double String) TEMPLATE 9 ZF/ folk literature XF/ folk speech play VF/ proverb UA/ Poland <and United States LA/ <tof national character; <ret cultural patterns TEMPLATE 6 ZS/ Polish language SS/ lexicology SR/ phraseology MA/ proverb; <ret pragmatics <cot English language (Modern) (Double String) TEMPLATE 9 ZF/ folk literature XF/ folk narrative VF/ folk tale UA/ Europe TEMPLATE 8 ZG/ themes and figures XG/ abandonment MA/ <ret separation anxiety <inx children"s literature; European folk tale (Double String) TEMPLATE 9 ZF/ folk literature XF/ folk poetry VF/ ballad <and folk tale UA/ United States: Appalachia TEMPLATE 1 YL/ American literature TA/ 1900-1999 RA/ McCrumb, Sharyn PA/ fiction <byx Appalachian writers MA/ <ret ballad; folk tale Literature indexers should remember to create an indexing string in the folklore section when a document discusses both contemporary written literature and its folk literature sources, as frequently happens in scholarship on African, Latin American, and other literatures. (Double String) TEMPLATE 1 YL/ Cameroon literature UL/ French language TA/ 1900-1999 RA/ Liking, Werewere PA/ novel KA/ <soi folk literature TEMPLATE 9 ZF/ folk literature UA/ Cameroon
Role indicators are three-letter codes used to clarify the relationship between descriptors in one facet or in separate facets. For more discussion of role indicators and their use, please refer to pages 22–23 of this document. (The list below is also accessible via a file link on the webform.) role indicators currently in use by the MLAIB <agn against <and and <api application in <apo application of <apt applied to <asx as <atx at <bet between <byx by <cot compared to <dat date <dsc discusses <dur during <esp especially <fau for (audience) <for for <frm from <inc includes <int into <inx in <iof influence of <ion influence on <ofx of <onx on <ret relationship to <rin role in <rof role of <soi sources in <stu study example <taf to and from <thr theories of <tin treatment in <tof treatment of <tox to <twd toward <usi use in <uso use of <wit with <zot (other—provide desired term, followed by colon) The following role indicators function the way you would expect them to in ordinary language: <agn <api <atx <bet <byx <for <frm <int <rin <rof <tox <twd <usi <uso <wit <and — And <and is NOT used to connect items in a simple list—use a semicolon. <rof race; gender <tof self-identity; <ret religion; politics; interpersonal relations This role indicator connects a classing element (term or name) with item(s) of equal significance in the document, and of equal rank in our classification scheme. YL/ North African literature <and West Asian literature
placement of, 86 punctuation of, 23 thesaurus of, 21 use of, in indexing, 85 devices/tools (FA facet), 90 disciplines (EA facet), 90 Dissertations Abstracts International (DAI), 4 document language abbreviations for, 9 document type, 5 double strings for film adaptations, 68 EA facet (disciplines), 90 FA facet (devices/tools), 90 features (MA facet), 86 in linguistics volume, 51 festschriften, 5, 17 film in YA facet (performance media), 67 film adaptations, 68 double strings for, 68 folklore volume, 2 classification of, 77–81 GA facet (named theories), 90 general linguistics broad topics (XS facet), 45, 51 general linguistics narrow topics (VS facet), 46, 51 general literature broad types or genres (XG facet), 65 general literature narrow types or genres (VG facet), 66 general literature volume, 2, 27 classification of, 60–65 general/miscellaneous (CA facet), 91 genres (PA facet), 37 glosses, 9, 101 groups/movements (QA facet) in general literature volume, 74 in linguistics volume, 51 in national literature volumes, 36 HA facet (methodological approach), 89 HS (types of scholarship), 89 indexing procedures for, 21 use of descriptors in, 85 individuals (RA facet), 33 influences (KR facet), 87 ISBN, 19 issue numbers, 11 italics, 109 JA facet (operations, processes), 88 journal articles, 5 journal titles acronyms for, 10 KA facet (sources), 88 KR (influences), 87 LA facet 87 language (UL facet) in general literature volume, 67, 72 language names, 43 letters to editors, 3 linguistics volume, 2 classification of, 40–43 classification options in, 44
SR (minor linguistic aspects), 50 SS (major linguistic aspects), 47 subgenres, 37 subtitles, 6 TA facet (periods) in folklore volume, 82 in general literature volume, 73 in linguistics volume, 47 in national literature volumes, 31 special named periods in, 31 teaching of language, 3, 55 teaching of literature, 3, 56, 58 television in YA facet (performance media), 71 textbooks, 4 theater in general literature volume, 72 (LA facet), 87 thesaurus of descriptors, 21 time periods with languages, 43 title page additional information, 17 titles capitalization of, 6–8 of documents, 5 of works within document titles, 6 of works (NA facet), 38, 74 translations, 3 of document titles, 6 transliteration, 6 of work title, 38, 74 types of scholarship (HS facet), 89 typographical errors, 6 UA facet (places) in folklore volume, 82 in linguistics volume, 47 UL facet (language) in general literature volume, 67, 72 university presses, 15 VF facet (narrow folklore types or genres), 81 VG facet (general literature narrow types or genres), 66 volume numbers, 11 VS facet (general linguistics narrow topics), 46, 51 XF facet (broad folklore type), 81 XG facet (general literature broad types or genres), 65 XS facet (general linguistics broad topics), 45, 51 YA (performance media) in general literature volume, 66 in national literature volumes, 28 ZF facet (main folklore type), 81