the same style (= intermodally congruent) is rated more towards coherent – agitated architecture with music in the same style (= intermodally congruent) is rated more towards agitated modest – bold baroque is rated more towards bold architecture with music in the same style (= intermodally congruent) is rated more towards bold reason – feeling baroque is more towards feeling complete – incomplete architecture with in the same style (= intermodally congruent) is rated more towards complete 3: Overview of significant effects in study II (α = 0.05). It is noteworthy that four main effects for the factor “architecture” from the online study were confirmed in the second study: baroque architecture is judged to be more extraverted, modern architecture is judged as darker, bolder, and connected more with feeling. For the rating scale grave – agitated, neither the first nor the second study found a significant main effect. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Fig. 2: Results of study II (selected). (a) Mean value diagram for the rating scale Aesthetic preference in study II. Modern architecture was preferred (F(1, 75) = 4.930, p = 0.029; baroque arch. M = 6.03, SD = 2.05, modern arch. M = 6.90, SD = 2.36). To allow comparison with the other figures, the diagram shows the mean group values split for the factors Architecture and Music.
bold. For the scale introverted – extraverted (cf. Fig. 4), we interpret this effect by positing that the carry-over effect (the main effect for “music”) applied only to the baroque music: the mean values for modern architecture are very close together, indicating that only baroque and not modern architecture was experienced as more extraverted with baroque music playing in the background. Dependent variables Independent variables (Factors) (Rating scales) Architecture Music Architecture × Music Levels: baroque / modern Levels: baroque / modern Levels: intermodally congruent / intermodally incongruent aesthetic preference introverted – extraverted baroque is rated more towards extraverted unbalanced – balanced architecture with music in the same style (= intermodally congruent) is rated more towards balanced bright – dark modern is rated more towards dark incoherent – coherent architecture with music in the same style (= intermodally congruent) is rated more towards coherent grave – agitated modest – bold baroque is rated more towards bold reason – feeling baroque is rated more towards feeling complete – incomplete Table 4: Overview of significant effects found in both studies (α = 0.05). Due to the different methods, study settings, and participant pools used in the two studies, we can regard the results found by both studies as well confirmed (see Table 4). However, we should not disregard entirely those results that are found only in one study: the distinct patterns in both studies indicate that the two study designs were variously sensitive for specific effects. The high numbers of participants made study I especially sensitive, allowing relatively weak effects to become statistically significant. This higher sensitivity may explain why differences between the styles were found for all but one of the rating scales. The exception is the scale grave – agitated, which did not display significant differences in ratings in either study.