witnesses and perpetrators of sexual harassment, rather than as targets. It is recommended that further studies conduct additional in-depth research with men in the garment industry to explore in detail men's experiences of harassment whether as perpetrators, witnesses, or victims; the influences of sexual harassment on influences male culture in the workplace; and how sexual harassment experienced by men may exacerbate women’s exposure to workplace harassment. 4. Demographics 4.1 characteristics of sample The survey sampled 1,287 Cambodian workers in the garment industry, a representative sample of the 546,467 workers that comprise the national export garment manufacturing sector as represented by GMAC. The survey findings of the survey indicate that the garment labour force is highly feminised, with women comprising 85 per cent of workers and men comprising 15 per cent of the workforce (Table 1). Table 1. Gender of workers in the Cambodian garment industry Female Male Frequency % Frequency % 1085 84.6 198 15.4 n = 1283 (Source: Employee Survey, 2016.) The characteristics of male and female workers are similar (see Table 2). Workers are typically young: over 65 per cent of all workers were less than 30 years of age, with an average age of 27 for both male and female workers. Though the age of workers is slightly older than some earlier studies (PSL, 2014), these findings corroborate findings from more recent studies that the garment labour force is maturing alongside the industry (Enfants and Development, 2015). Whilst previous studies found the majority of workers are single, the findings of this survey show that a narrow majority (52 per cent) of workers are married, compared with 42 per cent who have never married and six per cent who are widowed or divorced. Most married workers (71 per cent of women and 65 per cent of men) live with their spouse. Among single never married women, there was more variety in living arrangements: 13 per cent lived with parents, 55 per cent with other family such as siblings or cousins, 20 per cent with friends and 11 per cent lived alone.
No, never (Go to G22) Prefer not to answer (Go to G22) G21. If yes, how much does this affect your productivity and ability to work in the 28 days afterwards? (Answer on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates “no effect” and 10 indicates “completely unable to work”. 5 would indicate working at only half your normal rate.) G22. Have you ever been referred to in sexist or degrading by someone else associated with your workplace? Yes, only once (Go to G23) Yes, more than once (Go to G23) Frequency (days/incident) – No, (Go to G24) Prefer not to answer (Go to G24) G23. If yes, how much does this affect your productivity and ability to work in the 28 days afterwards? (Answer on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates “no effect” and 10 indicates “completely unable to work”. 5 would indicate working at only half your normal rate.) G24. Have you ever been asked inappropriate questions of a sexual nature at work? Yes, only once (Go to G25) Yes, more than once (Go to G25) Frequency (days/incident) – No, never (Go to G26) Prefer not to answer (Go to G26) G25. If yes, how much does this affect your productivity and ability to work in the 28 days afterwards? (Answer on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates “no effect” and 10 indicates “completely unable to work”. 5 would indicate working at only half your normal rate.) G26. Have you ever been "rated" based on looks or sexuality in your workplace? Yes, only once (Go to G27) Yes, more than once (Go to G27) Frequency (days/incident) – No, never (Go to G28) Prefer not to answer (Go to G28) G27. If yes, how much does this affect your productivity and ability to work in the 28 days afterwards? (Answer on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates “no effect” and 10 indicates “completely unable to work”. 5 would indicate working at only half your normal rate.) G28. Have you ever been told that to obtain something at work you must engage in an intimate act or intimate relationship?
Kampot Kandal Koh Kong Kep Kratie Mondulkiri Oddar Meanchey Pailin Preah Sihanouk Vihear Pursat Prey Veng Ratanakiri Siem Reap Treng Svay Rieng Takeo Tboung Khmuma 9.5% 1% 0.3% 2.4% 0.4% 1.4% 0.4% 0.5% 1.3% 3% 7.1% 1.1% 6.7% 0.8% 3.6% 6.3% 20.0% 0.2% 0% 0.6% 0.1% 0% 0% 0.2% 0% 1.1% 15.3% 0.1% 0.4% 0.1% 6.6% 12.7% 0.7% 20.0 % 0.5% 0% 0.6% 0.1% 0.5% 0% 0% 0% 2% 15.9% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 6.6% 12.6% 0.6% 19.7% 0.2% 0% 0.5% 0% 0.1% 0% 0.2% 0% 1.2% 12.1% 0% 1% 0% 7.1% 13.6% 1.5% a Kampong Cham province was in 2008 to form a smaller Kampong Cham province and Tboung Khmum province. In 2008, 12.6 per cent of the total Cambodian population lived in the former, larger Kampong Cham province. (Source: Percent of Cambodian total population in province from NIS 2008; percent of garment workers from province from Employee Survey 2016.) Appendix 5 Chi Square Test – Relationship between Migrant & Marital Status and Workplace Harassment
Table 1. Crosstab workplace harassment by migrant status Migrant 220 88 308 Yes Expected Count 196.6 111.4 308.8 Experienced workplace harassment % 32% 22.6% 28.6 Count 468 302 770 No Expected Count 491.4 278.6 770.0 % 68% 77.4% 71.4% Count 688 390 1078 Total Expected Count 688.0 390.0 1078.0 % 100% 100% 100% Table 2. Crosstab workplace harassment by marital status without partner with partner or – prefer not to say Total 75 48 153 20 11 307 Count 80.2 36.3 156.8 20.3 13.4 307.0 % 26.7% 37.8% 28.2% 23.4% Count 206 79 396 51 36 768