9 Pt, Al P P, Al Al PG PG P 6 10 Pt, Al PG PG PG PG 5 11 Pt, Al P PG PG PG PG PG PG PG Al PG PG PG PG 13 12 Pt, Al P PG PG PG PG PG PG Al PG PG PG PG 12 14 Pt, Al PG PG Al PG PG PG 6 15 Pt, Al P P PG PG P PG PG PG Al PG PG PG 12 16 Pt, Al P PG PG P P PcG PG P PG Al PG PG PG PG 14 17 Pt, Al P PG PG Al 4 18 Pt 1 Area A NA Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl Area B NA P PG PG P PG PG Al PG PG PG 9 Total plots 18 2 12 1 13 13 9 2 2 1 16 1 1 3 17 17 12 4 2 17 14 1 6 Table 2. Specific dates for each census of the Spalding-Shreve plots. Rows indicate the years plots were read and columns designate plots. Dates within cells indicate the month and the day when censuses were conducted. Dates within parenthesis correspond to additional census dates when census on annuals or grasses (dates with a preceding “g”) were conducted; X is used when specific
1906 Cord grids and paper Trunk of perennials Height categories of perennials, list of annuals Seedlings were mapped but not explicitly identified V. Spalding V. Spalding 1910 Cord grids and paper Trunk and canopy of perennials. Dead and new plants distinguished Height of some plants Seedlings were mapped but not explicitly identified F. Shreve F. Shreve 1928/29 Cord grids and paper and canopy of perennials. Dead and new plants distinguished in some plots Height of some plants Seedlings were mapped but not explicitly identified F. Shreve Bruce Gerard, F. Shreve 1936 Cord and paper Trunk and canopy of perennials. Trunks distinguished by size. Dead and new plants Clusters of plants clearly identified. Areas with grasses were mapped Height of some plants Seedlings were mapped but not explicitly identified F. Shreve Arthur Hinckley, F. Shreve
1948 Cord grids and paper Trunk and canopy of perennials. Trunks distinguished by size. Dead and new plants were Clusters of plants clearly identified. Areas with grasses and seedlings were mapped Height and condition of all old and new plants Lack of information on species excluded, if any Robert Darrow Jack Kaiser 1957 Cord and paper Trunk and canopy of perennials. None Seedlings were probably mapped although not explicitly identified R.M. Turner Ann Murray, R.M. Turner 1959/60 Cord grids and paper Trunk and canopy of perennials. In 1960, areas with grasses were mapped Height of some plants in 1960 Lack of information on species excluded, if any. Seedlings were probably mapped although not explicitly identified R.M. Turner
Cord grids and paper Trunk and canopy of perennials. Dead plants were Areas with grasses were mapped. Disturbed areas mapped Height of some plants was recorded Lack of information on species excluded, if any. Seedlings were probably mapped although not explicitly identified in 1967 and 1969 R.M. Turner 1974/1975 Cord grids and paper Trunk and canopy of perennials. Dead plants and dead plant parts were recorded. Areas with grasses and seedlings were mapped Height of some plants was recorded Lack of information on species excluded, if any. R.M. Turner
1993 Total station (TS) Trunk and canopy of perennials. None Seedlings were mapped but not explicitly identified R. H. Webb Gary Bolton, J. Bowers, Mia Hanson, R. H. Webb 2001 TS Trunk and canopy of perennials. None Seedlings were probably mapped although not explicitly identified Julio J. Bowers, Lara Mitchell, Qinfeng Guo 2010 TS Trunk and canopy of perennials. Height of most plants was recorded Seedlings were mapped but not explicitly identified R. H. Webb H. Raichle, Diane Boyer R.M. Turner, Seth Munson 2011 TS and canopy of perennials. Seedlings were mapped and explicitly identified Height of all plants was recorded and diameter for most plants R. H. Webb H. Raichle, Diane Boyer, S. 2012 TS Trunk and canopy of perennials. Seedlings were mapped and explicitly identified Height of all plants was recorded and diameter for most plants R. H. Webb H. Raichle, Shinji Carmichael, R.M. Turner, S. Munson, S. Repeat photography protocols In 1906, V. Spalding photographed each of the permanent plots that he established, and his notes describe where the photograph was taken. Since the plots were established, several photographs have been taken from near exactly the same location as Spalding’s photographs. Photographs
Table 7. Storage location and medium of all material related to the Spalding-Shreve permanent plots. Nomenclature: SCUA= Special Collections at Main Library of the University of Arizona, Tucson Ref: AZ560 Box 30; USGS= R. H. Webb project, USGS, Tucson Arizona; DLC= Tumamoc Hill Library of the University of Arizona, Tucson. Data ID Material Medium Census Years Storage locations Update status Spalding Field Notes Original Spalding’s unpublished notes for plots 11-18, which include original maps Paper 1906 SCUA NA Spalding Field Notes Copies of Spalding’s unpublished notes for plots 1-10, which include copies of original maps Paper 1906 SCUA NA Spalding Notes Copies of Spalding notes for plots 1-18 and copies of original maps Paper 1906 DLC NA Census Maps Original Maps and Original Copies of maps for censuses on plots and B1-B8 Paper, 20x20 cm graph paper maps 1906-1985 SCUA NA Census Maps Copies of maps for censuses on plots and B1-B8 Paper, 20x20 cm graph paper maps 1906-1985 DLC NA Kaiser Field notes Original J. Kaiser’s field Notebook 1948 SCUA NA
notes which include plant height and condition Kaiser Notes Copies of J. Kaiser’s field notes which include plant height and condition Xerox copies 1948 DLC NA Murray Some original notes by Ann Murray 1957-1959 SCUA NA Others Field Notes Some original field notes and quadrant tallies by J. Kaiser, A. Murray, R.M. Turner, and D. Goldberg Paper 1948-1978 DLC NA Plot Summaries Plot quadrant tallies, summary of plant cover and species density per plot generated by R.M. Turner and D. Goldberg Paper 1906-1985 DLC NA Plot A Information Plot A Species enumerations Paper 1978 DLC NA 1983 Annual lists Annual lists and frequencies for plots and B1-B8 1983 DLC NA
associated with permanent plot censuses Paper 1906-2001 SCUA NA 2001 maps Reprint of Maps for plots and B1-B8 1906-2001 SCUA (Paper) DLC USGS (Digital) Outdated For use USGS collection 2001 Summaries Reprints of 2001 summaries of plant cover and density for plots and B1-B8 1906-2001 SCUA (Paper) DLC USGS (Digital) Outdated For use USGS collection 2012 All files referenced in *shp files for maps, *.csv for summaries, taxonomy tables included in this document *.tif for scans of original maps and photographs 1906-2012 USGS Up-to date Photos Repeat photographs referenced in paper and original negatives 1906-2012 USGS NA Photos Paper copies of original photographs for 1906 SCUA NA
mismatches in 2001 Plant layers Plant_Layers .zip Compressed file with all the *.shp plant files for each plot (x) and each census (y), including crown contour, and trunk locations <6MB px_y_trunks .shp px_y_crowns .shp ZIP file NA NA NA px_y_crowns .shp Polygons depicting canopy contours <800KB NA ArcGIS shape file (shp) from polygon shape file Attributes Mixed Problem: identified records with problems that could not be solved during archiving px_y_trunks .shp Points depicting live plant trunks <200KB NA ArcGIS shape file (shp) Attributes Mixed Problem: identified records with problems that could not be solved during archiving Species.csv information 23KB NA text file, comma Species None
Original Maps O_y_Px .tif Scanned original maps for each plot at each census. Each file corresponds to plants recorded at each census within each plot. i in the file name indicates the plot number, and j indicates the year NA .tif files, available upon request NA NA Repeat Stake_info.csv Specific characteristics of each of the stakes used as stations for repeat photography. 4KB NA ASCII text file, comma delimited, Stake None Photo_info.csv Information on each of the photographs associated with 11KB NA ASCII text file, comma delimited, Photo Mixed None
permanent Variable Information Plot The following table summarizes variables associated with the file plot.csv, which compiles all available information regarding each of the Spalding-Shreve plots. Variable Definition Units Storage Type Variable code and definition Or range Missing code Collection method Plot Identifier of plots NA Character [1 to 12] and [14 to 16]: identifies Spalding B: identifies subplots of the Shreve plot “Area B” A: Identifies Shreve plot “Area A” None NA Area_m2 Total area of the plot m2 Numeric Double [89.7-795.6] NA=Identifies plots that have not been located or for which there is no area information Field notes and paper review. In current plots area calculations in ArcGIS
10 (ESRI®) of digitized maps Source_Area Source of information for Area calculations NA Character Spalding: Original V. Spalding unpublished (1906) C2001: ArcGIS calculations from 2001 census data C2010: ArcGIS calculations from 2010 census data Shreve: from Shreve and Hinckley (1937) NA= Identifies plots that have not been located or for which there is no area information notes and paper review, and area calculations in ArcGIS v 10 (ESRI®) Elevation_masl Average elevation sea level m Numeric Double [745.9-819] NA= Identifies plots that have not been located or for which there is no elevation information TPS 1200 Total Station Slope_direction Slope direction (Azimuth) Character [5-70] NA= Identifies that have not been located Converted bearings taken with
or for which there is no slope information Surveyor’s compass Slope_angle Slope steepness Number Integer [8-25] NA= Identifies plots that have not been located or for which there is no slope information Surveyor’s Compass Slope_Description of slope steepness NA Character Ground Gentle NA= Identifies plots that have contemporary slope information or for which there is no area information in Spalding’s unpublished notes Spalding’s unpublished notes (1906) Status Describes whether the plot is NA Character Lost=Plots not currently monitored None NA
currently monitored Current=Plots currently monitored Date_Established Date of plot census Year Number Integer 1906-2010 None NA Originator Person who established the plots NA Character Spalding; Shreve; Webb None NA Notes of plot location from Spalding’s unpublished notes NA Character NA NA=Not applicable. For plots established in 2010 Spalding’s unpublished (1906) Criteria Information of the criteria used to establish the plot NA Character without any information with other information but no criteria for establishment Spalding’s unpublished notes (1906); Shreve and Hinckley (1937); R. Webb (pers. commun.) Photo_stake Reference of the Stake used during Repeat photography NA Character Letters for lost and Numbers for Current plots with other information but no Stake number Spalding’s unpublished notes (1906); USGS permanent
NA=plots without any photographic information collection Substrate Description of the soil subtract NA Character NA without any information Spalding’s unpublished notes (1906); R. Webb (pers. commun.) Source_Substrate Source of information for substrate description NA Character Spalding=From Spalding’s unpublished (1906) from 2010 Census field notes NA=plots without any information Spalding’s unpublished notes (1906) Webb (pers. commun.) Notes_Disturbance Known history of disturbance NA Character NA NA=plots without any information without disturbance information Archiving. Spalding’s unpublished notes (1906); Goldberg and Turner (1986); J. Bower’s Unpublished notes (2001)
Num_Photos Total number of photos NA Number Integer [0-65] NA Archiving Repeat_Photo Identify plots with repeat photographs NA Yes/No NA USGS Collection of Repeat Photography Num_stake Number of locations for repeat photographs NA Integer 1-17 NA=Not applicable for without photographic information USGS collection of Repeat Photography Plot Corners The following table summarizes variables associated with the file plot_corners.csv, which compiles spatial information for plots that have not been lost and approximate locations for lost plots. We used this information to map plots in Figure 1 Variable Definition Units Storage Type Variable code and definition Or range Missing code Collection method Plot Identifier of plots NA [1 to 12] and [14 to 16]: identifies Spalding [B1,B10]: identifies subplots of the Shreve plot “Area B” A: Identifies Shreve plot “Area A” None NA
Vertex Identifier for the plot corner NA C=Center of the plot N=North, S=South, W=West, E=East NE,NW,SE,SW are combinations of the four cardinal directions None NA Latitude Decimal degrees of latitude using WGS 1984 coordinate systems. Column source specifies the coordinate system used Degrees Double [32.210, 32.224] records not captured by either RTK or GPS methods Using GPS instruments See Longitude Decimal degrees of longitude using WGS 1984 coordinate systems. Column source specifies the coordinate system used Degrees Double [-111.018, -111.001] NA=Not applicable; for records without RTK or GPS readings RTK or GPS instruments See
Elevation Elevation above sea level derived from RTK readings Meters Double [727.019, 819.085] NA=Not applicable; for records without RTK readings Using RTK See Source_Proj Identifier for the source of spatial information and the coordinate system NA GPS=Geographic Positioning System; spatial information from this method uses the WGS 1984 coordinate system RTK=Real Time Kinematic technology. Spatial information from this method uses the NAD 1983 (CORS96) coordinate system MAP=Approximate location determined from original Spalding notes and photograph matching None NA Accuracy Qualifier of spatial accuracy of the method used according to NA High=For RTK readings reported accuracy is 0.02m Medium=For GPS technology the accuracy is 5m Low=For MAP approximation spatial accuracy is the lowest with None Instrument’s Manual ()
Boundaries and NoData This table summarizes variables in files px_y_boundaries.shp and px_y_nodata.shp. Polygons in these files were created using the Total Station (TS) control points taken during census in year “y” (Boundary), or during archiving by comparing plot boundaries of different years and identifying areas not censused due to border mismatch (nodata). In the field, we used an arbitrary Cartesian coordinate system with origin at X=5000, Y=5000, and Z=100, which was first used in the 2001 census. We later moved the resulting polygons to match the location of boundaries used in 2001. Plots are not georeferenced, despite some of them have GPS information on the plot corners. Variable Units Storage Type Variable code and Or code Collection method OBJECTID Unique point ID NA Numeric Integer 1 NA assigned by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI) Shape Type of geometry NA ZM NA assigned by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI) Perimeter of plot boundary Numeric Double 37.9-42 NA calculated by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI) from TS control points or scanned
maps (for lost plots) Shape_Area Plot area Numeric Double 89.7-108 NA calculated by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI) from TS control points or scanned maps (for lost plots) Control This summarizes the variables in files px_y_control.shp, which stores the control points used during each survey that used a total station (TS). We used an arbitrary Cartesian coordinate system with origin at X=5000, Y=5000, and Z=100, which was first used in the 2001 census. Variable Units Storage Type Variable code and definition Or range code Collection method Unique ID NA Numeric Integer <6 NA assigned by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI) Shape Type of geometry NA Point or Point ZM NA assigned by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI)
LX Easting Numeric Double [498281.711, 500177.309] NA Using TS () LY Northing Numeric Double NA Using TS () LCode Point identifier NA STN= Location of the TS instrument BS1 or BS2=Back points (location used to zero set the TS) Corner=plot corner CornerNS=plot corner that was not surveyed, but was created for completeness BM= metal surveyor’s post marking corner of sections 10 and 15, T14S, R13E. NA NA Disturbance This summarizes the variables associated with any disturbance recorded during a census in plot x during the year y. Variable Definition Units Storage Type Variable code and definition Or range code Collection method OBJECTID Unique point ID NA Numeric Integer <6 NA assigned by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI)
Shape Type of geometry NA Polygon ZM NA assigned by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI) Perimeter of plot boundary Numeric Double 37.9-42 NA calculated by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI) from Total Station (TS) points or scanned maps (for lost plots) Shape_Area Plot area Numeric Double 89.7-108 NA calculated by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI) from TS points or scanned maps (for lost plots) Code Disturbance identifier NA of new road disturbance NA Digitized from original maps, or during surveys using Total Station
POLE=location of electric poles CAGI=fallen Saguaro JAVA=Javalina wallow Problem of the disturbance NA NA NA From original maps and field observations Attributes This table summarizes variables associated with the files px_y_crowns.shp and px_y_trunks.shp. Bold letters indicate variables or codes only applicable for plant crowns, while italics indicate variables or codes only applicable for plant trunks. All shapes are projected using an arbitrary Cartesian coordinate system with origin at X=5000, Y=5000, and Z=100, which was first used in the 2001 census. Variable Definition Storage Type Variable code and definition Or range code methods OBJECTID Unique object ID NA Numeric Integer 1-836 NA Automatically assigned by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI) Shape Type of geometry NA Polygon NA Automatically assigned by ArcGIS v10 (ESRI)
Type Type associated with location of the trunk NA Crown=plants whose trunk is inside plot boundaries PntCircl=Plants whose canopies were approximated by a circle Rootsout=plants with trunk outside plot ROutPCrcl=PntCircl with outside the plot PntRect=Plants whose canopy was approximated by a rectangle ROutPRect=PntRec with roots outside the plot Trunk=trunk assigned to a crown Point=root not originally assigned to a canopy in the field, or plant for whose canopy is a PntCircl NA Field observations validated by cross referencing censuses from different years and/or using the digitized boundaries from either 2001 or 2010 UniqueID Unique record identifier For each record within a plot and a census NA Number Integer 10-836 NA Populated with OBJECTID all problems were solved during archiving Plant Four letters species code following file NA ABIN-ZIPU NA Archiving. Validation by cross-comparison of censuses.
() misidentification or misclassification (1986) and in 2001 during first digitization effort (). Cross-referenced between crown and trunk assignments Shrd_Crwn Identifies crowns with more than one trunk that represent different individuals NA Y/N is shared by more than one trunk only has one trunk NA Archiving. Validation by cross-comparison of censuses (). between crown and trunk assignments Problem Identifier for problems in crown-trunk correspondence NA Centroid=Crown for which trunk could not be located or verified Multitrunk=crown with more than one trunk but all representing the same individual nocrown=trunks without that represent a single plant 1trunk= canopies with ambiguous trunk assignment given that more than one canopy share one trunk. Dead with explicitly identified dead NA Archiving. Validation by cross-comparison of censuses () referenced
Height_m Height of living canopy from ground to the tallest live vegetative branch () Meters Numeric Double 0.02-7.62 NA Archiving, and field measurements for 1993 and 2010 CrownID UniqueID of the first crown of the same species below which the trunk is located NA Numeric Integer 1-836 NA Archiving. Validation by overlapping and trunk layers with a tolerance of 0.001 m in ArcGIS v.10 CrownID2 UniqueID of the second crown of the same species below which the trunk is located (for NA Numeric Integer 1-836 NA Archiving. Validation by overlapping crown and trunk layers with tolerance 0.001 m in ArcGIS v.10 OrigTrunk Qualifies whether trunk is depicted in original map; hence, trunk location is an accurate representation NA Y=trunk is on original map N=trunk represents the centroid of the crown; or the point closest to the centroid that falls within the crown (for irregular crowns with irregular shapes) NA Archiving from original maps. Using Shapes-to-Centroids tool in XTools Pro (v.7.1) for ArcGIS v.10 with Center point as option
Duration Species life cycle NA Perennial/Annual, or a combination of the two NA=Duration not reported Validated with The PLANTS (USDA 2012) Enumeration of species’ enumeration between 1906-2012 NA Ambiguous=Species not easy to distinguish in the field. Casual=Species enumeration highly dependent on the census time, resulting in irregular mapping across censuses Count=Annual species have been counted or listed (but not mapped) at least once Regular=Perennial species regularly mapped Null=No analyzed Goldberg and Turner (1986) 1906 to 1968 and 2001 Codes used during specific censuses. There is one column for each census NA 1-4 species codes used in original maps. When more than one code is used in the same years, they are Null=Species not reported in a census period Archiving and review original maps and notes between 1906 and 2010.
code used in this project When Plants were only identified to genus XX is used as the last two letters in the code and first two letter of species. Although nomenclature has changed for some species since the code was first defined in 2001, we have opted not to change the code, but to report the current nomenclature instead. Year (one column for each census year) Species cover or density m2 for cover, and for density Numeric 0-40 m2 for cover, and 0-36 for density NA Sum of canopy area per species excluding dead plants. For density is the sum of all trunks per species, plus canopies with centroid problem that are considered rooted inside the plot. Seedlings This table summarizes the variables used in Seedling_counts.csv Variable Definition Storage Type Variable code and definition Missing code methods
Or Plot Plot identifier NA 7-16 and B2-B8 NA Archiving. Original maps Year Census year Years Numeric Integer 1978 NA Archiving. Original maps StartDate Start date of the census NA Aphanumeric Null=No information Archiving. Original maps EndDate Last day of the census NA dd.mm.yyy Null=No information Archiving. Original maps Row Row index of the 1m2 quadrant NA Number Integer 1-10 Row number is defined when 10mx10m original map is properly oriented NA Archiving. Original maps Column Column index of the 1m2 quadrant NA Number Integer 1-10 Colum number is defined when 10mx10m original map is properly NA Archiving. Original maps
oriented Plant Plant code following NA Character NA Archiving. Original maps Number Number of seedlings Number Integer 1-278 Null=No count was provided Archiving. Original maps Threshold size under which seedlings were counted Varies Number Integer 5-15 NA Archiving. Original maps Unit Unit of threshold size NA cm/dm2 Null=not applicable Archiving. Original maps Dimension Threshold size dimension Na Character Area or Height Null=not applicable Archiving. Original maps Present NA Dichotomous Y/N Y=Species was present N=Species was not present was provided Archiving. Original maps Mapped Identifies whether seedlings were mapped NA Dichotomous Y/N Y=seedlings are mapped N=seedlings are not mapped NA Archiving. Original maps Digitized Identifies whether seedlings were digitized and included in NA Dichotomous Y/N Y=seedlings are digitized NA Archiving. Original maps
the plant layer files N=seedlings are not digitized Count1906 This table summarizes the variables used in Count_1906.csv Variable Definition Units Storage Type Variable code and definition Or range code methods Plot Plot identifier NA 4-16 and NA Archiving. Original maps Cat Size category as reported by Spalding (see Table 4) NA Number Integer 1=Small 2=Medium NA=number of plants were reported Null=No information provided NA Archiving. Original maps Num Number of individuals Plants Number Integer 1-80 Null=No count is provided NA Archiving. Original maps Height of living canopy from ground Numeric Double 0.18-5.4 NA Archiving. Original maps
level to the tallest live vegetative branch Joints Number of joints for species NA Numeric Integer 12-13 Null=No data is provided NA Archiving. Original maps Notes Qualification on the quality of the data NA Character NA Archiving. Original maps Abund Category of abundance in the plot NA Character S=Scarce Null=No data is provided NA Archiving. Original maps Distr Category of the spatial distribution of the species throughout the plot NA Character W=widely distributed R=restricted to some spots Null=No data is provided NA Archiving. Original maps Information The following tables summarize variables associated with the stake_info.csv. Variable Definition Units Storage Type Variable code and definition Or range Missing code methods
StkPhNum Stake or Photo number NA Number Integer 375-4967 NA= no available Number assigned by the curator of the USGS repeat photography collection. Plot Unique plot identifier NA 4-16 and B1-B8 NA NA Location Description of the location with respect to plot boundaries NA Character NA NA Archiving. Spalding unpublished notes (1906) and Field observation during following censuses Easting_UTM Easting using WGS 84 coordinate system Meters Numeric Double [498274, 499894] NA Calculated ArcGIS v10 after plotting GPS coordinates Northing_UTM Northing WGS 84 Coordinate system Meters Numeric Double NA Calculated ArcGIS v10 after plotting GPS coordinates Latitude Latitude using WGS 84 coordinate system degrees Numeric Double [32.210,32.225] Null, for lost plots Handheld GPS
Longitude Longitude using WGS 84 coordinate system degrees Numeric Double [-111.001, Null Handheld GPS Elevation Elevation above sea level Meters Numeric Double [427, 813] Null Handheld Depository Current Location of original photographs and negatives NA Character DLC_USGS= Photos originally stored at the Desert Laboratory and moved to the USGS Desert Laboratory Repeat Photography Collection. USGS, Tucson SCUA=Special Collections Library at the University of Arizona, Tucson NA NA From original archive before being given a stake number in the Desert NA nd=no data Spalding’s unpublished notes (1906)
Laboratory Repeat Photography Collection at USGS No_Photos Number of matches NA Number Integer [1,6] NA Archiving Marker Qualifier for the permanence of the marker used to mark the location of each photo station NA Character Permanent=A permanent marker; typically markers are rebar, or aluminum angle iron. Semipermanent= A marker which is not in the ground. Typically a semipermanent marker is a cairn of rocks, a painted mark on the ground, or a “X” etched on a rock . Lost= plot is lost as well as stake NA Field observation during repeat photography work Photograph Information The following tables summarize the attributes associated the file photo_info.csv
Variable Definition Units Storage Type Variable code and definition Or range Missing code methods Order Record Number; Unique identifier in the file NA Number Integer [1,128] NA Archiving StkPhNum Stake or Photo number NA Number Integer 375-4967 NA Number assigned by the curator of the USGS repeat photography collection. Date Date photograph was NA Character mm/dd/yyyy use of ca. (lat. circa) indicates approximate year NA Archiving. Notes on the photograph or cross referencing field notes Last name of the NA Character NA Archiving. Notes on the photograph Time Time when the photograph was taken Hours Character hh:mm NA=No Archiving. Notes on the photograph
Camera Camera model NA Character NA=No Archiving. Notes on the photograph Lens_Type Lens type or mark used when information is explicitly indicated NA Character NA=No Archiving. Notes on the photograph FocalDist distance of the lens used Number Integer 58-135 NA=No Archiving. Notes on the photograph LensNote Additional notes on lens type or focal distance NA Character Null=No Archiving. on the photograph Azimuth Direction toward which the camera is facing at the time of the shot Degrees Number Integer 5-338 NA=No Archiving. on the photograph VertTilt Qualifier of the vertical tilt of the camera when the NA Up or Down NA=No Archiving. Notes on the photograph
photograph was taken TiltDeg of vertical tilt of the camera when the photograph was taken Degrees Character with dd=Degrees and NA=No Archiving. on the photograph CamHeight Height of the camera from the ground to the center of the lens Meters Number Double [1.2,1.66] NA=No Archiving. Notes on the photograph BWNeg Number of black and white negatives NA Number integer [0,4] NA Archiving. Notes on the photograph ColorNeg Number of color negatives NA Number integer [0,1] NA Archiving. Notes on the photograph ColorPos Number of color positives NA Number Integer [0,1] NA Archiving. on the photograph Filter Description of filter used NA Character Usually Yellow NA=No Archiving. Notes on the photograph Digital Number photos taken NA Number Integer [0,1] NA Archiving. Notes on the photograph
Table 8. Summary of procedures used during archiving process. Each row explains how data in Table 7 was processed. Processing procedures complement information provided in Data ID Data Type Output Processing Lead Archivist Data verification Spalding Field Notes 1906 Enumeration of plant species per plot px_1906_trunks .shp for lost plots Count_1906 .csv For non-spatial information: Data entry For spatial information: -High resolution scanning -Digitization using ArcGIS 10 (ESRI) -Spatial adjustment to 10mx10m Squares using ArcGIS 10 (ESRI) -Plant code assignments using S. Cross referen- cing with 1906 maps and maps of following when appropri-ate Census Maps cover maps and plot quadrant tallies 2001 Maps and summaries (Table 7) -Low resolution scanning of maps -Digitization of maps into five different file types (*.shp) with stylus and tablet or heads up digitizing: (Boundaries/trunks/points/rootsout/control/crown) -Rectification of *.shp using control points from field census in 2001 -Clip rectified *.shp files to 2001 boundaries -Update plant nomenclature J. Bowers Cross reference with plot summaries and field notes () Cross years 2001 Census data 2001 Census Files 2001 2001 Maps and summaries, (Table 7) station census () J. Bowers Ground checking 2001 Maps And ArcView files px_y_trunks.shp px_y_crowns.shp For seedling information: Data For spatial information: Quality control of previously digitized maps included: S. Cross reference with plot summaries
-High resolution scans of original maps -Spatial adjustment of shapefiles -Re-digitization of features poorly digitized or not digitized at all -Validation of attribute tables -Incorporating height data when available and field notes () Cross years 2001 Maps And 2001 ArcView files and Total Station (TS) raw data px_2001_trunks .shp px_2001_crowns .shp px_2001_control .shp Quality Control included: -Back verification of shape with TS raw data from 2001 census S. Cross reference with plot quadrant tallies () Cross years compa-rison 1993 Census data 1993 Excel files with raw TS information px_1993_trunks .shp px_1993_crowns .shp px_1993_control .shp -Spatial adjustment of different surveys in ArcGIS 9.3 -Automatic generation of polygons from raw data in ArcGIS 9.3 -Converting ellipsoid canopies into circles keeping the same area -Clipping canopies to 2001 plot borders -Validating nomenclature and edit attributes during archiving in 2010 H. Raichle Cross years compa-rison Kaiser Notes 1948 Original field notebooks px_1948_trunks .shp px_1948_crowns.shp -Data Entry -Plant code validation -Cross-reference with shapefiles derived from 1948 Census maps S. NA
9. Problems when processing a single map. The following table summarizes problems detected during our quality-control procedures, and the solutions we used during archiving. Issues that could not be solved were recorded in the attribute tables of the . For details of the columns used to record the problems, users should refer to Problem Treatment during census Solution during archiving Plants with several trunks sharing a canopy; not clear whether they correspond to different or the same individual Plant colonies are explicitly identified and/or plants sharing canopies 1936 and 1968 Trunks and canopies were labeled as “shared in Problem column In plants with multiple trunks but presumably of the same individual, only one was mapped 1993, 2010, 2011 No action was necessary No specification of whether plants had multiple trunks, or one of the trunk correspond to All years except 1936, Using map comparisons we classified trunks as: Nocrown=small plants with no measurable canopy; no information on whether these plants are seedlings.
seedlings in 1978 Seedlings were not identified or were not mapped All years except 1948, 1968, 1978 Same protocol used for plants with several trunks (see above) Plant canopies without explicit of trunks Trunks were mapped A few cases in all years except 1993, 20102012. Most trunks were not mapped in 1960 We created the trunk as a centroid (XTools to Centroids) at the center point of the polygon representing the crown. A N was used in OrigTrunk column to indicate that trunk was not original. When the centroid fell outside the polygon, we moved it to the closest position inside the crown. Incomplete canopies Incomplete crowns for plants covering contiguous in area B 2001 Canopies were completed using a regular polygon of minimum area. Crowns are flagged as “nonoriginals” in the Problem column