0-1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years 5-11 11-16 years Physical Crawling, rolling or shuffling, possibly even walking; is able to pick up small objects and can point. Able to run and climb, walk up and down stairs using alternative feet. Can turn pages in a book and shows an interest in mark making. Enjoys riding on tricycles, climbing and simple ball games. Skilful use of hands to do threading, pouring and using scissors. Friends are important to children of this age. Many children will to have established friendships and preferences. Enjoyment when with their friends, which is likely to be more important than family. Prefer to be part of a group. Intellectual Babies learn about their environment from their senses and will explore objects using their hands and mouth They are starting to enjoy pretend play with small world activities and the home corner. Are keen to play repetitively. They are keen to help and copy adults. They are starting to become independent and can organise their play if given the opportunity is an awareness of the consequences of their behaviour and increased thoughtfulness. Some problem solving and co-operation. Many have developed skills that are equal to those of adults and they are starting to think about their future. Language/ Communication Babbling becomes more tuneful and inventive and words are beginning to appear They enjoy nursery rhymes and songs and their language continues to develop from two word compounds. Children are fairly fluent in their speech and are easily understood. Though still the odd pronunciation error. In these years reading and writing becomes much easier, although there will be variations in speed and competence. Stories and writing that shows imagination as well as being legible and reasonably grammatical. Emotional Babies are able to recognise the of their mother and are quickly soothed when they hear her voice. They like to do things for themselves and get frustrated and angry and have frequent temper tantrums. Children are fairly fluent in their speech and are easily understood. Though still the odd pronunciation error. Life in the classroom and playground is major influence on these children, this can affect their confidence. Children want to explore their own identity; this may cause clashes with parents as young people try to develop their own personality and space
Social Starting to that making eye contact, smiling and laughing can keep their carers attention. Starting to play more with other children of their own age, although some of their time will be spent playing alongside others. Enjoys being with other children, seeking out particular playmates. Responding well to adult praise and recognition. Friends are important to children of this age. Many children will start to have established friendships and preferences. Enjoyment when with their friends, which is likely to be more important than family. Prefer to be part of a group.
Consequence a result of a particular action or situation, often one which is bad or not convenient The teacher was away on a course so there was no class as a consequence. Repetitive Doing something over and over again. The children liked to sing the same song over and over and it got very repetitive. Babbling To talk or say something in a quick, confused, excited or silly way. Before small children talk they often make noises that don’t make sense. The baby lay in her bed and babbled to herself. Two word compound Words that are made up of two different words – they are compounded (joined) together. The words armchair (arm + chair) and bathroom (bath + room) are two word compounds. major More important, bigger or more serious than others. Sugar is a major cause of tooth decay. Influence The power to have an effect on people or things. When children fight in the play ground it has an influence on their behaviour in the classroom. Fluent When a person is fluent, they can a language easily, well and quickly. The family from Germany have been in the UK for some time and they are fluent in English. Pronunciation error Making a mistake in saying a word so that it doesn’t sound correct. He can say lots of different words but sometimes his pronunciation is not correct. May cause clashes A clash is when people have different ideas or opinions and disagree or argue about it. The children couldn’t agree on what they wanted to do so it may cause a clash between them. Generic Belonging or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) received by The boy had red hair and so did his mother so it
each animal or plant from its parents. must have been genetic – he got his red hair from his mother. Counters An object used to mark a or marks numbers. The girl to play with toys that use numbers or counters. Yawn To open the mouth wide and take a lot of air into the lungs and slowly send it out, usually when tired or bored He the story very boring and he was yawning all the way through it. Wavy Having a series of curves – not in a straight line. The girl had long wavy hair but her brother’s hair was straight. Fascinating Extremely interesting. The story was fascinating. intervention When an adult becomes involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or stop it from getting worse. It was only adult intervention that stopped the fight getting worse. Focus To look closely at something. The teacher focused all her attention on the children. Circumstances A fact or that makes a situation the way it is. The was not feeling well but she came to school and did well under the circumstances.