Contents Abstract iii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1-1 Introduction 1.2 The relationship between language and culture or our thought 1.3 Insistence of theory of linguistic relativity 1.3.1 Use of color recognition 1.4 Previous research into the relationship between language and culture 1.5 Research Questions 1.6 Conclusion Chapter 2: The Data Collection 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Data 2.2.1 The Questionnaire data 2.2.2 Method – The test
Classifying things by naming them is common in all cultures. However, the concepts of each word are sometimes different in each language. For example, “study” means the activity of learning or gaining knowledge, either from books or by examining things in the world in Japanese, but in English this word also includes meaning that a particular person’s learning activities, for example at a college or university. In this way, the word which means same thing is not always agrees completely. 1.3 Insistence of theory of linguistic relativity 1.3.1 Use of color recognition Cultures have named each color in their own way. Some research was conducted by the group of University of California that showed people have different ways to categorize color and it varies from culture to culture. For example, when we think basic terms which each culture has, the number of these is different. Basic terms mean these are caught as contrasted with other colors. Therefore, colors like sky blue, yellow green and ivory are not included in basic colors. It is said there are eleven basic colors in English (black, white, gray, red, yellow, green, blue, pink, purple, orange, blown), and Japanese almost has same number of basic colors. However, there are a few languages which have more than ten basic colors. The researchers picked 119 sample languages and research the number of basic colors of
Balloon (2%) Strawberry (17%) Flower 8% (4%) Flower (20%) Blue (5%) Caution (27%) (3%) Capsicum (23%) (2%) Signal (17%) Gin (3%) Gentle (20%) (3%) Pineapple (20%) Cabbage (2%) Inviting to the eye (20%) Rose (2%) Hot (17%) Ribbon (3%) Spring (17%) Flower (3%) Paprika (20%) Dress (2%) Vegetable (17%) Yellow (2%) Anger (17%) Skin (3%) Pig (17%) Mellow (3%) Danger (20%) Fields (2%) Plant (13%) Amber (1%) Lip (17%) Baby (2%) Soft (13%) Orange (3%) Egg (20%) Plant (2%) Calm (10%) Apple (1%) Intention (13%) Black (2%) Cheek (10%) Pink (3%) Bright (17%) Tree (2%) Broccoli (10%) Army (1%) Love (13%) Flesh (2%) Happy (10%) (2%) Summer (13%) Belt (1%) Healing (10%) Beach (1%) Paprika (10%) Green (2%) Light pink (10%) Coward (2%) Orange (10%) Best (1%) Health (10%)
Bed (1%) Rose (10%) Icing (2%) Skirt (7%) Custard (2%) Star (10%) Cheese (1%) Peace (10%) Blood (1%) Rose (2%) Brusher (7%) Fever (2%) Moon (10%) Color (1%) Refreshing (10%) (1%) Flamboyantly (7%) Roses (2%) Love (7%) Gold (2%) Sun (10%) Earth (1%) Insect (10%) Bright (1%) Pickled ume (7%) Skirt (2%) Luminous (3%) (1%) Gold (7%) Finger (1%) Cumber (6%) Bus (1%) Post (7%) Bow (1%) Sexy (3%) Baby (1%) Chick (7%) Fingers (1%) Cap (1%) Fire engine (7%) Carnations (1%) Young (3%) Balloon (1%) Flesh (3%) Gage (1%) Flog (6%) Cape (1%) Danger (7%) Cheek (1%) Ribbon (3%) Beauty (1%) Dandelion (3%) Gas (1%) Safe (6%) Cloth (1%) Ketchup (7%) Cloth (1%) Rabbit (3%) Belly (1%) Giraffe (3%) Go (1%) Lettuce (6%) Danger (1%) Warning (7%) (1%) Rose (3%) (1%) Thunder (3%) Gretna (1%) Cabbage (6%)
Bird (1%) Honest (20%) Heather (2%) Hydrangea (17%) Colored (1%) Innocence (17%) Coal (1%) Skin Boy (1%) Nature (13%) Pink (2%) Sum (17%) Cross (1%) Skin (13%) Country (1%) Coffee (10%) (1%) Pale face (10%) Bishop (1%) Cabbage (17%) Dark (1%) Egg (10%) Devil (1%) Ghosts (10%) Calm (1%) Adult (10%) Blood (1%) Onion (17%) Dress (1%) Relax (10%) Hand (1%) Calm (7%) Cheese (1%) Summer (3%) Butterfly (1%) Flower (17%) Dwarf (1%) Innocence (10%) Lamp (1%) Crow (7%) Corduroy (1%) Intellectual (3%) Cloth (1%) Suffering (17%) Evil (1%) Elegant (7%) Leg (1%) Dark (7%) Dreams (1%) Rain (3%) Crayon (1%) fortune telling (17%) Ghost (1%) Natural (7%) Legs (1%) Denial (7%) Dress (1%) Earth (3%) Drug (1%) Calm (17%) Harry (1%) Pearl (3%) Man (1%) Negative (7%)
Me (2%) Important (10%) Father (2%) Continuation (17%) Nasty (2%) Cicada (13%) Neighbors (2%) Memory (13%) Poor (2%) White (10%) Friendship (2%) Job (17%) Arthropod (1%) Mountain (13%) Animal (1%) Consult (13%) (2%) Lie (10%) Girl-Boy (2%) Difficult (17%) Bird (1%) Ladybug (13%) Association (1%) Childhood friend (13%) Work (2%) (3%) Good (2%) School (17%) (1%) Locust (13%) Best (1%) High school (13%) Bland (1%) Person (3%) Human (2%) (10%) Bottle (1%) Insect Repellent (7%) Brother (1%) Trust (10%) Bookmaker (1%) Right (3%) Aunty (1%) Junior (7%) Buzzing (1%) Network (3%) Buddy (1%) Peace of mind (10%) Fellow (1%) Opinion (3%) Between (1%) Deep (7%) Crawling (1%) Dung Beetle (3%) Colin (1%) Bonds (10%)
Fool (1%) Children (3%) Bond (1%) White (3%) Creepy (1%) Cage (3%) Companion (1%) Life time (7%) Forward (1%) Beautiful (3%) Boyfriend (1%) Black (3%) Disease (1%) Cute (3%) Companionship (1%) Meal (7%) Goodness (1%) Surface (3%) Communication (1%) Yellow (3%) Dragonfly (1%) Green (3%) Confide (1%) Letter (7%) Injun (1%) God (3%) Constant (1%) Strong (3%) Eight (1%) Children Like It (3%) Dog (1%) Friendship (7%) Jim (1%) Cleanliness (3%) Difficult (1%) Like (3%) Flea (1%) Fear (3%) Every (1%) Happy (3%) Just (1%) Transparent (3%) Dove (1%) (3%) Hate (1%) Cool (3%) Few (1%) Love (3%) Liar (1%) Truth (3%) Friendly (1%) Money (3%) Horrid (1%) Move (3%) Friends (1%) (3%) Loyal (1%) Yellow (3%) Friends (1%) Community (3%) Hurt (1%) Black (3%) Friendship (1%) Relax (3%)
Efficiency (1%) Satisfaction (3%) Nuisance (1%) Necessary (3%) Figure (4%) Golf (3%) Son (1%) Shopping (3%) Entrance (1%) Female (3%) Pleasure (1%) Hachimaki (3%) Security (3%) Sports (3%) Father (57%) Green (3%) Forces (1%) Calm (3%) Quiet (1%) Life (3%) Home (2%) Effort (3%) Child (1(1%)) Baby (3%) Freedom (1%) Reed (1%) Time (3%) (2%) Big (3%) Love (3%) Sun (3%) Garage (1%) School (1%) Experience (3%) Baby (1%) Scary (3%) Dad (2%) Relax (3%) Give (1%) Science (1%) Grade (3%) Case (1%) Money (3%) Daughter (2%) Funny (3%) (1%) Session (1%) Clever (3%) Child (1%) Couple (3%) Food (2%) Great (3%)