Notable people Elders Name Main activities in the community as elders What other elite positions do they hold? see above for a definition of elite Which other elites are in their networks? Elder 1 He is respected elder in the Kebele. He is known in resolving disputes. He is model farmer awarded gold Lishan from late prime minster Meles Zenawi He has good relationship with the community, Woreda and Kebele officials Elder 2 He is well known conflict resolver and selected by Woreda officials as community elder He is hard working The community, Kebele and Woreda officials
Elder 3 He is well educated as he reached 9th grade. He is known as dispute resolver in the community Former Vice chairperson Irrigation committee He is preaching committee in orthodox church and he is a chairman of Edir in the Kebele. He has good r/ship with the community, Kebele and Woreda Clan leaders Clan/lineage & main activities in the community What other elite positions do they hold? Which other elites are in their networks? He is known as a Gudeya clan leader He resolves disputes he is known as representative of Ariya clan on behalf of his deceased He was an chairman for long time He is the older brother of the current chairman and the son of former known kallu leader Community-specific customary leaders What kind of customary leader? Main activities in the community What other elite positions do they hold? other elites are in their networks?
He is the Abaa Gedda system leader He resolve conflict in the community and beyond the Kebele NA Community, and Woreda officials’ are in their network She received the kallu sprit from her mother and she is Kallu leader She has followers and she is making her living from kallu practice NA Her followers only Religious leaders Religion Main activities in the community What elite positions do they hold? Which other elites are in their networks Head of Wehabiya Muslim mosque He the Muslim community in preaching Koran NA Muslim followers Head of Mekane Eyesus church He preaches and serves Protestants by preaching the He is hard working and rich farmer Community particularly protestant followers
Head of Orthodox church He preach to orthodox followers and lead the church He is a church leader Community particularly orthodox followers Successful farmers Main activities in the community What other elite positions do they hold? Who is in their networks Rich farmer Model farmer Community, Kebele and Woreda officials Rich farmer Model farmer Community and Kebele officials Successful female farmers Main activities in the community What other elite positions do they hold? Who is in their networks Rich farmer and a wife of large scale business man in the community She doesn’t have any position in the kebele NA Rich farmer Model farmer NA Successful traders/businessmen Main activities in the community What other elite positions do they hold? Who is in networks
Successful traders and beneficiary of irrigation Model farmer Kebele officials, Woreda officials, community Successful large businessman Wahabi muslim follower Farmers, Consumers and traders Successful female traders/businessmen Main activities in the community What other elite positions do they hold? Who is in their networks Retailer NA NA Butter trader NA NA Women’s leaders Main activities in the community What elite positions do they hold? Who is in their networks Provide education to the community about women right leader Kebele and Woreda officials’ sector at the Woreda level She helps 1-5 leader Development team leader Political activists Main activities in the community What other elite positions do they hold? Who is in their networks Farmer Development team leader Member of ONLF Community, Kebele and Woreda officials Farmer and trader Former ONLF party representative Kebele
Kebele Cabinet Cabinet position Livelihood success farming + other activities What other elite positions do they hold? Who is in networks? Chair Middle class depend on agriculture Cabinet members Woreda and Kebele officials and community Cabinet members Woreda and Kebele officials and community Security Cabinet members Woreda and Kebele officials and community Kebele manager Rich class depend on rain fed and non-farming, irrigation based Cabinet members Woreda and Kebele officials and community DAs Salary paid Cabinet members Woreda and Kebele officials and community HEW Salary paid job Cabinet members Woreda and Kebele officials and community Director Salary paid job Cabinet members Woreda and Kebele officials and community and child affair Farming Women and child affair leader at the kebele level Woreda and Kebele officials and community Government employees Age Sex Place of origin Time in community Appreciation by the community Kebele manager M Oda Hero The actual working but he is not available in most of the working hours Poor Head teacher M Other kebeles He is available throughout the day from Good HEW 1 F Other kebele Less available in the working hours Poor HEW 2 F Other kebele Less available in the working Poor
Wealth inequalities Very rich Rich Middle Poor Very poor Destitute Rough proportions in community (number or %) 5% 15% 20% 25% 25% 10% Household goods found in these houses Big tin roofed modern, painted house, Bed made up of timber and house furniture made up of wood, kitchen cupboard, plastic and silver kitchen utensils and etc Big tin roofed modern house, house furniture, bed made of timber and wood, Simple and less quality furniture, plastic kitchen utensils, Traditional bed made up of mud called Medeb, small house, traditional kitchen utensils Traditional bed made up of mud called small house, traditional kitchen utensils Poor and thatched house, no important household goods except some basic cooking utensil Sources of wealth The main source of wealth for this class is crop and livestock production house for rent in the Tibe town, Mule cart, Grain mill, they owned Main source of wealth is crop own larger size of farmland, livestock production (local breeds) mule cart, irrigation land, retailer shops They own relatively large size of farmland, livestock the main source of wealth is crop production and livestock production ( local The main source of wealth is farming and livestock poor people they relatively small size of farmland and few cattle and sheep -they may own -they own small size farmland They may have sheep, goat and may be cows in sharing arrangement their main source of wealth is crop production and few could They owned nothing including labour
largest size of farmland, livestock esp. cattle, horses, mules and donkeys, irrigation land and irrigation motor pumps, Retailer shops breeds) cattle(cows) of neighbours or relatives so as to share livestock products rearing have livestock, they produce on sharecropping, the main source of income is labour How do poor people get by? Household members work as a daily agriculture labourer during the harvesting season -few young people who dropped out of school to migrate to Nekemt, Ambo and Addis Ababa and become daily labourer in non-farm sector, petty trade, by their good behaviour and good Daily labour, sharecropping, petty trade NA
attitudes to work Changes in last 10 years in propns of each category (more or fewer) The number of very rich increases in the last five years. The top model farmers have been emerged in the last five years The number of rich has increasing in very fast. The active involvement of the farmers in farming and irrigation and trading business are the main factor for the emergence of this group of people The middle wealth category has also been improved in the last 5 Currently there are more than 200 model farmers in the community. the majority of these model farmers are in the middle wealth group. the number of poor people have been declined because of the improvement in the local economy. This has also shown decline. People included the very poor are actively engaged in farming activities which helps the very poor to move out of the economic problem It is also true that destitute are also working hard to move out of poverty and have been important changes in the last five years Status differences Names of groups % in each group 2013 Is this more or less than in 2003? Why? Wealth differences among the different groups? Quality of relations between groups Shared organisations like iddir? Extent of participation in kebele management? Ethnic differences Oromo Amhara > 99% <1% Similar No difference They have good relationship is relationship Same membership and contribution Equal marriage
Religious differences Protestant Muslim Orthodox 65% 10% 7% Religious conversion and expansion is increasing 2003 due to better understanding of the false belief traditional and customary religion No significant wealth difference since they own land No significant problem the different religion and they cooperate in social events There is relationship Same membership and equal contribution Equal Clan differences Haben Mecha Degam Wada Sijo Gudeya Ariya Seda 40% 25% 10% 10% 5% 5% 3% 2% It is declining since the last 10 years since people carless to continue the clan difference No significant wealth difference they own land Have good r/ship among different clans There is relationship Same membership and equal contribution Equal Craft workers Tuftu 1% Is declining since 2003 because of death and They are middle class Normal relationship with the community is relationship Same membership and equal contribution 'Slaves' Gerbota 25% No difference They are middle class Normal relationship with the community There is relationship. Same membership and contribution Equal Migrants Wolo 1% Remain the same No difference Good relations ship with They are intermarried with local people Same membership and contribution Equal Other status NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA marriage marriage marriage marriage
differences Vulnerable people Rough numbers Change in last 10 years? What problems do they have Who cares for them? Are there NGOs that help these people? Disabled adults and children There are 7 people reported as disabled adults and children in the community They could not be fully capable of doing every livelihood activities by themselves and they could not get support in the community No one cares for them unless and otherwise they have relatives and family There is no any governmental and NGOs organisation who provide a special support to these people Mentally ill people and families There are about 3 people reported as mentally ill people in the community. Most of families are forced to take this people to doctor witches because of less access If they have family, it is family who look after this people. Otherwise no one There is no any governmental and NGOs organisation who provide a special support to these people
access employed as agricultural labourer Women heading households There above 100 people reported as female household headed in the community Since the last year, there number has been decreasing because of less divorce and death No one is providing support. is labour loss on their farming land and No one for themselves There is no any governmental and NGOs organisation who provide a special support to these people PLWHAs Only one recently confirmed women from PLWHAs after her husband died from the virus (informants insisted there is no officially identified PLWHAs by the Kebele except some gossips in She is leading the household with 6th dependent children (their own children) The main problem could be less attention of the Keble for this kind of victim people No one cares for herself There is no any governmental and NGOs organisation who provide a special support to these people
linkages Town Why do people go there? List the main things they do Time to walk Transport available Time of travel Cost Cut off during rains? with? Tibe, Bako, Jaji People go to these town for market, clinics and health centre, marriage, school, administration service such as court, credit and saving company, services cooperatives, funeral and church etc Tibe town Bako town Jaji town Mini bus and medium public (qitiqi country crossing busses) 10 to 15 minutes birr During rainy season, it is a big barrier as it restrict people to move easily especially during the market day -majority of them connect with traders in the market -students from the different part of the Woreda, zone -relatives who are residents in the town Tibe -sells grains, vegetables, sheep, goats, chickens, butter, eggs, honey, etc; -buy consumption like sugar, food oil, salt, clothes, etc -use service cooperative -health centre -Private clinic - Kindergarten education - secondary education (grade 9 & 10) -Vet service 5-60 minutes Mule cart 15- 25 minutes from the far place 3 birr No -traders -café & bar owners - clinic owners - health workers - Religious groups -teachers, students, mill owners -service cooperative workers Vet service workers - farmers from other rural communities
Ababa Trade : -Sell of grains (maize, teff, sorghum), red-pepper, vegetables (tomatoes, sugar cane, onions, green peppers) - to get passport service Transport available Mini bus and medium public buses (qitiqi country crossing busses) 5 to 7 76 birr No Traders relatives brokers religious groups (for Muslims) Shoboka -Sell of cattle, and vegetables -buy clothes, household utensils, handicraft item 2-3 hours Minibus taxi from Tibe town 15 minutes 4 birr No traders café & bar owners Religious groups farmers from other rural communities Bore Some people sell some vegetables 1 hour No cars for commercial purpose but mule cart 30-40 minutes by mule cart No farmers traders relatives Gedeo Sells of red-pepper and mango Too far Minibus car from Tibe 2 hours birr No traders relatives
Theft How frequent? Change since 2008 Action to prevent stealing How effective Action to criminals How effective Punishments Theft of crops This is not very frequent in recent years It has been declining The kebele administration and iddirs take actions on the thieves which contribute to the decline the theft activities The sanctions taken by iddir are very effective. People stat to fear to involve in theft activities There is a big monthly meeting in Tibe town where members of 4 kebeles engage in the meeting to discuss on how to control/catch thieves and other criminals. So if a theft is happened in one community, the others cooperate to catch the thieves. It is very effective. is reduced in all the neighbouring kebeles due to these actions Sanction is the major ones. But if it is a big crime the case is taken to the woreda court which is not effective as compared with the sanction. Sometimes the court people takes bribes and release the thieves. Robbery from people It is not frequent It showed great reduction The monthly meetings in the Tibe town made huge contribution to the decline. People in the neighbouring areas cooperate to hand over the robberies to the police. It is very effective Neighbouring people and people in the community are well aware and training to cooperate in any robbery activities It is very effective They criminals are to the woreda police and the case is seen at the woreda level. House burglary This is not very common in the community Education There is no kindergarten education for both boys and girls in the community. However, there is a kindergarten school in Tibe town which were started in the last five years. Some rich and middle wealth households send their smaller children to these schools in town. They pay between 50 and 70 birr per month per child. There is