Both countries kept their scores in 2010 and 2015 (1 point), but in 2017 have weakened their commitments —linked to a social network such as Facebook, where citizens made comments that could be implemented as consumables on parliamentary discussions and agendas— of inclusion of participation results mediated by social networks in the system or the decision making agenda. 4.4. Evolution of the use of social networks The use of social networks by studied parliaments during the years denotes an increase in 2017 both in the numbers of networks used as well as the numbers of users in every network. The pathway can be understood considering three stages. The first one linked to the shy and scarcely controlled presence of networks (2010) and characterized by two conditions. On one hand, the need to be in social networks marked by the open presence of many contents and comments, although with little impact in users. On the other hand, a denial of the opening of participation spaces through networks, associated to the scarce effective control over its platforms. A second stage, related to the specific of the networks use considering its difficult control and the loss of its utopic framework conceived as public spheres (2015). And a third stage, of consolidation (2017), where an informative strategy is traced with some interaction tools, and that achieves to increase the impact of networks in the number of users. Table 8 shows the evolution of the use of networks for studied parliaments. Table 8. Social networks analyzed by every country of the sample and number of users (2010, 2015 and 2017)* Country Representative Chambers Social networks 2010 Social networks 2015 Social networks 2017 Argentina Senate of the Nation No social networks found Facebook (6407) Twitter (74400) Facebook (17672) Twitter (189313) YouTube (4435) Instagram (3192) Chamber of Deputies of the Nation No social networks found No social networks found Facebook (3970) Twitter (6461) YouTube (12364) Instagram (739) Chile Senate Twitter Twitter (31254) Twitter YouTube (116) Instagram (538) Honorable Chamber of Deputies Facebook Twitter Twitter (ND) Facebook (2825) Twitter (108326) YouTube (675) Flickr (36) Colombia Senate of the Republic of Colombia Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Facebook Twitter (205893) LinkedIn (336) Facebook (38435) Twitter (266047) YouTube (3498) Instagram (4229)
Soundcloud (21) Representatives Chamber No social networks Facebook (8667) Twitter (69097) Facebook (12300) Twitter (100577) Ecuador National Assembly of Ecuador Facebook Twitter Facebook (176409) Twitter (183380) Facebook (253646) Twitter (243370) France Sénat Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Flickr Facebook (19509) Twitter (106585) Dailymotion (144) Google + (10219) Instagram (842) Facebook Twitter (363162) Dailymotion (218) Google+ (17838) Instagram (11741) Assemblée Nationale LinkedIn Facebook (24481) Twitter Dailymotion (39) Google + (33174) Facebook Twitter (186837) Dailymotion (253) Google+ (85928) Sweden Riksdag No social networks Twitter (6399) Twitter (17965) Spain Senate No social networks found Twitter (10295) Twitter (85041) Youtube (334) Instagram (645) Congress Twitter Twitter (25230) Facebook (10997) Twitter (142459) Youtube (8130) Italy Senato della Republica LinkedIn Twitter (10303) YouTube (4676) Twitter (122025) Youtube (8541) Instagram (230) Camera dei Deputati LinkedIn Facebook (27682) YouTube (8557) Facebook Twitter (153365) Youtube (13915) Flickr (65) United Kingdom House of Lords Facebook Twitter Friendfeed Flickr Facebook (882) Twitter (33433) YouTube (803) Flickr (ND) Google + Facebook (14700) Twitter (219130) YouTube (3727) Flickr (44) LinkedIn (2087) House of Commons Facebook Twitter Friendfeed Flickr Twitter (31487) Facebook (21021) Twitter (194713)