Table 5 Teacher Evaluation Policy Authority Devolution Levels as a function of State Political Context Independent Variables Overall Authority Devolution State Legislature Authority Devolution State Board of Education Authority Devolution Legislative professionalism Removed (p=0.45) 6.40 (4.38) (4.79) Home Rule Removed (p=0.24) Removed (p=0.52) Removed (p=0.25) Legislative Branch Conservatism Removed (p=47) 10.35* (5.60) Removed (p=0.23) Executive Branch Conservatism 2.68** (1.19) Removed (p=0.38) 2.09* (1.16) Executive Branch Political Affiliation Removed (p=0.30) Removed (p=0.38) Removed (p=0.63) State House of Representatives Political Affiliation 1.81* (1.12) Removed (p=0.35) 3.89*** (1.12) Senate Political Affiliations Removed (p=0.76) Removed (p=1.00) Removed (p=0.74) Teacher Strength Removed (p=0.27) Removed (p=0.99) Removed (p=0.24) State School Officers/State Superintendent Electoral Structure Removed (p=0.31) Removed (p=0.38) Removed (p=0.51) State Board of Education Electoral Structure 0.61* (0.40) Removed (p=0.73) Removed (p=0.81) Change in state share of school revenue Removed (p=0.54) Removed (p=0.52) Removed (p=0.89) Constant term 4.63 (0.86) 0.63 (1.39) 3.53 (1.04) 0.17 0.09 0.27 Sample Size 48 48 47 *p<0.10; ** p < .05.; *** p<.01
Liberty Caucus or the Freedom Caucus. Executive Branch Political Affiliation Dichotomous Republican=0 Democrat=1 N=50 Republican=32 Democrat=18 A binary indicator of the majority party of the governor in 2012. Source: State House of Representatives Political Affiliation Dichotomous Republican=0 Democrat=1 N=50 Republican=29 Democrat=21 A binary indicator of the majority party in the State House of Representatives (lower house) in 2012. Source: State Senate Political Affiliations Dichotomous Republican=0 Democrat=1 N=50 Republican=32 Democrat=18 A binary indicator of the majority party in the Senate (upper house) in 2012. Source: Teacher Union Strength Continuous N=50 =2.98; =1.42; min=1; max=5 A measure of teacher unions’ strength according to the and influence of their state-level unions. Source: Northern, A.N., Scull, J. & Zeehandelaar, D. (2012). How strong are U.S. teacher unions? A comparison. Dayton, OH: Thomas B. Fordham Institute. Chief State School Officers/State Superintendent Electoral Structure Dichotomous Appointed=0 Elected=1 N=50 Appointed=38 Elected=12 A binary indicator of whether a chief state school officer is popularly elected or appointed. Source: State Board of Education Dichotomous Appointed=0 Elected=1 N=50 Appointed=37 Elected=11 A binary indicator of whether a state’s board of education is
=8.28; =1.18; min=5.84; max=12.21 school district in the state, calculated by taking the log of the total number of students in the state divided by the total number of school districts in the state. Sources: . Percent minority student population Continuous N=50 =36.16; =18.23; min=6.5; max=80.3 An indicator of the percent of students in the state that are calculated by subtracting the total percent of white students in the state by one. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education," and 2009-10. Average Academic Achievement Continuous A measure of student academic achievement on the National Assessment of Educational Progress by state. Sources: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment 2002 N=43 =218.30; =7.05; min=203; max=237 2011 N=50 =220.56; =6.23; min=208; max=237 Math 2000 N=40 =224.65; =6.40; min=211; max=234