Species or species group Fishery 'name/sector' (if applicable) Province(s) Region or habitat (if applicable) Gear/vessel Abalone Commercial abalone WC Cape Peninsula to Overstrand Boat-based hookah diving Abalone Experimental commercial EC Port Elizabeth to Xora Shore based snorkel diving Bait (sand prawns, mud prawns, worms, mussels, clams, redbait, other inverts) All Hand digging Cape rock oyster Wild oyster WC Southern Cape, Still Bay to Plett. Wetsuits, snorkeling, crow-bar, access East coast oyster Recreational/subsistence EC Rural Hand-picked, panga, knife, screw-driver East coast rock lobster Recreational/subsistence EC Transkei Snorkeling and hand collection, subtidal East coast rock lobster Subsistence EC Transkei Shore-based poling, intertidal East coast sole Inshore hake/sole trawl WC/EC Mosselbay to PE side/beam trawlers (small vessels only) Gamefish - billfish, king mackerel Jet-ski KZN South and North Coasts Large jet-ski's
Harders/mullet nets NC/WC West Coast Estuarine gillnetting/ drift net Harders/mullet nets NC/WC West Coast Beach seine net Intertidal algae (Gelidium pristoides) Commercial algae EC shores St Francis to T’kei Hand collected Species or species group Fishery 'name/sector' (if applicable) Province(s) Region or habitat (if applicable) Gear/vessel Kelp (Ecklonia maxima) Commercial algae WC West Coast to Overstrand Harvested and collected Linefish (hottentot, steentjie, panga, carpenter, small bottom species) Recreational/subsistence (not necessarily part of TLF sector) NC/WC Smaller coastal communities or low hp boat, handline, rod and reel Linefish (multi species) Traditional line-fish (TLF) KZN Ski-boat, handline Linefish (hottentot, steentjie, panga, carpenter, small bottom species) TLF NC/WC West to Overstrand Ski-boat, chukkie, handline, rod and reel Linefish species) Recreational/subsistence All Shore-based, estuaries Hand line Linefish (multi species) Recreational/subsistence All Shore-based, estuaries Cast net Linefish (multi species) Traditional traps KZN Kosi lake Kosi lake fish traps, estuaries, lagoons, spear Linefish (multi species) Recreational/subsistence All estuaries Rod & reel
Rocky shore invertebrates (except rock lobster) All Rural Hand-picked, shore-based, panga, knife, screw-driver Sand crabs Experimental WC False Bay Bait and hand collection invertebrates EC Rural Hand-picked with Sandy-shore invertebrates WC Rural Hand-picked with pelagics (sardine) Sardine run KZN South Coast/Urban Beach seine net St Josephs shark set-net, Langebaan WC Set net (gillnet) Swimming prawns EC/KZN All estuaries Shove net Species or species Fishery 'name/sector' (if applicable) Province(s) Region or habitat (if applicable) Gear/vessel Swimming prawns EC/KZN All estuaries Small seine nets/traps Tuna (yellowfin and longfin) Tuna-pole WC Southwestern Cape Medium "Madeira" type poles West coast rock lobster Inshore WCRL NC/WC West Coast (e.g. Doringbaai, Paternoster, Kommetjie) Small boat (ski or rowing) with hoop-net West coast rock lobster Recreational/subsistence NC/WC Cape Peninsula to Overstrand Snorkeling, paddle ski's and hoopnets, poles from shore
Annex 2: Critical Issues & Implications of Pro Poor Tourism III. Mariculture – Prepared by Dr. Thomas Ashley Shipton, E-mail: 1. Introduction Characterisation of the sector Farming Activity Culture Species Culture Technology Production Scale1 Annual (2008) Value (US$ million)3 Number of Consumption Abalone Halitis Pump ashore - tank Commercial 934 tons 33.53 10404 18 X Seaweed2 Ulva lactuca and Gracillaria Tank Commercial 608 tons 0.08 54 X Mussels Mytilus Perna perna Spanish raft system Commercial 600 tons 0.75 26 1 X Oysters Crassostrea gigas Long-line / Rack Commercial 289 tons 1.06 100 9 X
to work together to effectively manage coastal resources, develop non-marine resource based livelihood alternatives such as agriculture and forestry activities, and thus set an example to other countries (and perhaps even best practice) in doing this in a sustainable and participatory way. Huge potential exists for responsible tourism development in coastal areas. The relatively new concept of forestry outgrowers who obtain support from a commercial forestry partner could provide opportunity to communities in areas adjacent to commercial forestry areas. Non-traditional high value crops could be grown in various marginalised coastal areas to bring benefits to communities. South Africa’s land reforms still working their way through the system so it is not yet clear what impact this will have on access to and ownership of the land required for land-based economic activities like agriculture and forestry in the coastal region. Increased tourism around the World Cup and thereafter may put additional pressure on coastal resources in areas where tourism is well established, which may create (temporary) employment but could also jeopardise some subsistence agricultural and forestry activities if not well managed, and there may not be sufficient capacity yet at local levels to manage a significant increase in tourist numbers. Commercial forestry in the coastal zone may have a severe impact on biodiversity and seriously disrupt sensitive and rare habitats. Lack of capacity at a local level to implement national policy could threaten effective implementation. Poverty reduces options for coastal communities and encourages illegal activities that are detrimental to coastal resources. 8. Bibliography Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2009) Annual Report Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (2008) The of the Coast - Sustainable Coastal Livelihoods Programme Department of Affairs and Forestry (2004) Policy and strategic framework for participatory forest management. Department of Water and Forestry (2005) Systematic Conservation Planning for the Forest Biome of South Africa Ireland C (2004) Alternative Sustainable Livelihoods for Coastal Communities – A Review of Experience and Guide to Best Practice. IUCN Republic of South Africa (2000) White Paper for Sustainable Coastal Development in South Africa of the Environment South Africa (no date)
Opportunities Oil and gas activities are implemented by companies engaged in corporate social responsibility The huge energy demand of the country calls for improving efficiency for oil and gas processing and use, and for supporting the development of renewable energies In its role of regional leader, South Africa could be a model for sustainable coastal development Threats Important maritime traffic South African’s coasts, with serious oil spill risks. economic development could make the implementation of environmental legislative framework difficult Economic interest of biofuels could reduce food crop areas and affect food security Poverty reduces options for coastal communities and encourages illegal activities that are detrimental to coastal resources. 8. Bibliography (1) SAPIA , 2009, “SAPIA Annual report 2009”, 50 p. (2) World Bank, 2010, “Rising Global Interest in Farmland : can it be sustainable and provide equitable benefits ?”, 164 p. (3) RHVP, 2007, “Biofuel production and the threat to South Africa's food security (4) GAIN, 2009, “Biofuels Annual : Republic of South Africa” (5) ITOPF, 2008, Country report : South Africa (6) Dept. EAT 2006, SA Environment outlook (7) Dept. EAT 2000, “White Paper for Sustainable Coastal Development in South Africa” (8) HSCR, 2004, “Fact Sheet: Poverty in South Africa” 9. List of datasets / 10. List of sector related projects Republic of South Africa Results-Based Country Strategy Paper: 2008 - 2012 Mid-term Review and Update - Biofuels Industrial Strategy of the Republic of South Africa - Howard Weil Energy 20Conference 2009 - Final Report Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Project Volume II-A: Refinery Study - Country analysis brief South Africa -
Name of Mine Location Employment Economic Benefits National level Micro level Richard’s Bay Minerals Richard Bay 2200 permanent employees US$185 million mining plant construction Taxes and royalties Employment Corporate and Social Responsibility of the Company. KZN Sands Kwazulu Natal 364 permanent employees and approximately 256 contractors R3-billion of project investment Taxes and royalties 4000 indirect jobs Employment Implementation of a sustainable small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs), Lafarge Cement Plant Richards Bay, Port Elisabeth 880 direct employees Taxes and royalties Employment Corporate and Social Responsibility of the Company. NPC Simuma Plant Durban 500 permanent staff, and over 40 interns R800-million of total investment Employment Corporate and Social Responsibility of the Company. PPC Plant PPC has a lime plant in Port Elisabeth 3,164 employees Taxes and royalties market and Exportation 3. Environment Coastal Mining Activity Environmental issues Richard’s Bay Minerals (RBM) Air pollution from smelters exhaust stacks Water pollution from hydraulic and dredge mine Smelter and mine waste
subject an activity listed in listing 1 to Scoping and EIA. The decision made by the Competent Authority to either grand or refuse the requested Environmental Authorisation may be Appealed. Integrated Coastal zone Management (ICZM) The Integrated Coastal Management Act (ICMA) No 24 of 2008 came into effect in 1st December 2009. The ICMA is the first legal instrument of its kind, in South Africa, dedicated to managing the coastline in an integrated fashion and ensuring the sustainable use of the coast’s natural resources. 5.4. Development, Trade and Projects Policy Planning Initiative Objective Paper for Sustainable Coastal Development in South Africa in 2000 The White Paper for Sustainable Coastal Development in South Africa aims to promote sustainable coastal development through integrated coastal management. Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) RDP is a South African socio-economic policy framework implemented by the African National Congress (ANC) government of Nelson Mandela in 1994 Development project NGO / / Private Sector Project details Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative Pilot Programme - This Programme that started in March 2000 aims to achieve tangible and economic and social development of previously disadvantaged communities (PDCs) both in terms of job creation and income generation. Coast Care Programme - The Care programme consists of projects and products that contribute to the goals and objectives of DEAT's coastal policy. 6. SWOT Analysis Strengths Strong environmental regulations and enforcement Long tradition of mining Government supports mining industry Strong coastal zone development policy Weaknesses Electricity shortage for mines Conflict between mining, tourism and environmental interests