surveys, the ACS provides annual data on prisoners, has a larger sample size, and can be compared directly to the household population. Scholars interested in exploring the characteristics of adults housed in correctional facilities (or other group quarters facilities), the effects of excluding prisoners from estimates of racial inequality in sociodemographic outcomes, and current enrollment patterns of prisoners should consider utilizing the ACS data. REFERENCES Bazos, Audrey and Jessica Hausman. 2004. “Correctional Education as a Crime Control Program.” UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2004. “Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 2004: Codebook.” Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2008. “Adult Correctional Populations, 1980-2008.” Available online on December 6, 2010 at Child Trends. 2003. High School Dropout Rates: The Gap Narrows between Blacks and Whites. Washington, DC: Child Trends. Retrieved June 23, 2009 from Coley, Richard and Paul Barton. 2006. “Locked Up and Locked Out: An Educational Perspective on the U.S. Prison Population.” Ensminger, Margaret and Slusarcick. 1992. Paths to High School Graduation and Dropout: A Longitudinal of a First-Grade Cohort.” Sociology of Education, 65:95-113. Harlow, Caroline. 2003. “Education and Correctional Populations.” U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. January 2003. Heckman, and Paul LaFontaine. 2010. “The American High School Graduation Rate: Trends and Levels.” Review of Economics and Statistics, 92:244-262. Jackson, 1997. “Differences in the Background and Criminal Justice Characteristics of Young Black, White, and Hispanic Male Federal Prison Inmates.” Journal of Black Studies, 27:494-509. Klein, Steven, Michelle Tolbert, Rosio Bugarin, Emily Cataldi, and Gina Tauschek. 2004. Correctional Education: Assessing the Status of Prison Programs and Information U.S. Department of Education, Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools, Washington, D.C.
Lochner, Lance and Enrico Moretti. 2004. “The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Inmates, Arrests, and Self-Reports.” American Economic Review, 94:155-189. Minton, Todd and William Sabol. 2009. Jail Inmates at Midyear 2008- Statistical Tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Pew Center on the States. 2008. “One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008.” Pettit, Becky and Bruce Western. 2004. “Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course: Race and Class Inequality in U.S. Incarceration.” American Sociological Review, 69:151-169. Sabol, William, Heather West, and Matthew Cooper. 2009. Prisoners in 2008. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Stephan, James and Jennifer Karberg. 2003. “Census of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 2000.” Bureau of Justice Statistics. Swanson, Christopher and Duncan Chaplin. 2003. “Counting High School Graduates when Graduates Count: Measuring Graduation Rates under the High Stakes of NCLB.” Washington, DC: Education Policy Center, Urban Institute. Tyler, John and Jeffrey Kling. 2004. “Prison-Based Education and Re-Entry into the Mainstream Labor Market.” Princeton IRS Working Paper 489. Princeton University. U.S. Census Bureau. 2009. Design and Methodology: American Community Survey. Warren, John and Andrew Halpern-Manners. Forthcoming. “Measuring High School Graduation at the State Level: What Difference Does Methodology Make?” Sociological Methods Research. Available online July 2009. West, Heather and William Sabol. 2009. Prison Inmates at Midyear 2008 - Statistical Tables. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs. NCJ 225619. Western, Bruce and Becky Pettit. 2000. “Incarceration and Racial Inequality in Men’s Employment.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 54:3-16. -----. 2005. “Black-White Wage Inequality, Employment Rates, and Incarceration.” American Journal of Sociology, 111:553-578.
months, has…attended school or college? Include only nursery or preschool, kindergarten, elementary school, home school, and schooling which leads to a high school diploma or a college degree.” “What grade or level was…attending?” you ever been in any other education program? Exclude vocational training.” “What kind of program was that- basic classes up to the 9th grade, high school classes to get a diploma or GED, college level classes, or English as a second language?” Data collection method Mail, telephone, and interviews. Personal interviews. Computer-assisted personal interview. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey Design and Methodology Report 2009; Bureau of Justice Statistics, SISCF 2004 Codebook.