Energy is the ability to cause a change in an object. When objects interact with each other energy is transferred and/or transformed. Energy is intimately related to the concept of matter; it manifests itself in various forms, and powers life and change at the molecular, everyday and astronomical levels. Energy transfers and transformations obey the laws of thermodynamics. Different of energy include: kinetic energy – possessed by objects and molecules in motion potential energy — derived from the position or configuration of objects and molecules rather than motion chemical electromagnetic gravitational nuclear. power generation (Tech) heating and cooling (Env) transport and communication (Tech, CfD) maintenance of life processes (H&W) planetary motion (CfD) electronics in technology. (Tech, CfD) EN2 Forces and motion Objects in motion (except very or very fast) obey 's Laws. Fundamental forces underpin the interactions of the simplest particles and are the basis of all forces. They are the: strong and weak nuclear forces act on subatomic particles) gravitational (which acts between masses) electromagnetic force (which acts between electric charges). The above contexts (Forms of energy) also involve forces and motion. Information and communication Communication, the sharing of information, is fundamental to the development of human societies. Developing methods for storing, retrieving and communicating information through digital technologies are at the forefront of social change. In the living world, communication of information occurs at molecular, microscopic and macroscopic scales. A link is emerging between artificial and living information systems. IC1 Storage, transfer and interpretation Information is needed to understand or comprehend any artefact, phenomenon, event or change. Information must be encoded, transmitted, received and decoded. Information can be stored, transmitted and processed in analogue or digital form. Communication requires information to be interpreted as meaning. Information can be stored in and transmitted via different media — such as solid state and hard disk drives, optical discs, magnetic tapes, microwave transmitters and fibre optic cables. (Tech, CfD) Storage, transfer and processing of information is essential for all aspects of life — within and between cells (replication, cell to cell signalling) and organisms (brain and behaviour). (H&W, CfD) Biological systems use particles and energy to transfer and process information. (CfD, Env) Technology for storing, transmitting and processing information is critical to modern civilisation. (Tech, CfD)
Standards matrix Dimension A B C D E Knowledge and conceptual understanding The student work has the following characteristics: The student work has the following characteristics: The student work has the following characteristics: The student work has the following characteristics: The student work has the following characteristics: description and explanation of complex scientific information description and explanation of scientific information description of scientific information statements of scientific information statements of isolated scientific facts comparison and explanation of complex interrelationships between scientific ideas, concepts, theories, processes and phenomena comparison and explanation of interrelationships between scientific concepts, theories, processes and phenomena description of interrelationships between scientific concepts, theories, processes and phenomena statements of simple interrelationships between scientific ideas and concepts statements of simple scientific ideas interpretation and application of scientific knowledge and information to generate reasoned explanations of phenomena. application of scientific knowledge and information to generate informed explanations of phenomena. generation of scientific explanations of phenomena. identification of scientific information real-world phenomena. superficial statements about real-world phenomena. Investigative processes The student work has the following characteristics: questions and/or hypotheses formulated by identifying problems and/or issues that inform justified and refined plans for investigation The student work has the following characteristics: questions and/or hypotheses formulated by identifying problems and/or issues that inform justified plans for investigation The student work has the following characteristics: questions and/or hypotheses formulated given problems and/or issues to select and implement a given scientific investigation The student work has the following characteristics: implementation of given structured scientific investigation The student work has the following characteristics: identification of scientific problems or issues assessment and management of risk; safe selection and use of equipment and purposeful use of technology to gather and enhance the reliability of data and information assessment and management of risk; safe selection and use of equipment and appropriate use of technology to gather reliable data assessment and management of risk; safe selection and use of equipment and technology to gather data management of risk; safe use of equipment /technology to gather data safe, directed operation of equipment /technology
systematic analysis and interpretation of data and information using appropriate quantitative and qualitative techniques to identify trends, relationships and anomalies analysis and interpretation of data and information appropriate quantitative and qualitative techniques to identify trends and anomalies analysis of data and information appropriate quantitative and qualitative techniques partial analysis of data and information rudimentary analysis of data or information discriminating selection and presentation of scientific data/ideas, using scientific convention and terminology, to clearly convey meaning to a variety of intended audiences using appropriate formats. selection and presentation of scientific using scientific convention and terminology, to convey meaning to a variety of intended audiences using appropriate formats. selection and presentation of scientific data/ideas to make meaning accessible in a variety of formats. presentation of scientific in a variety of formats. presentation of information. Issues and impacts The student work has the following characteristics: identification and explanation of issues and evaluation of scientific impacts relevant to an inquiry The student work has the following characteristics: identification and explanation of issues and scientific impacts relevant to an inquiry The student work has the following characteristics: identification and description of issues and scientific impacts related to an inquiry The student work has the following characteristics: identification of issues and scientific impacts related to an inquiry The student work has the following characteristics: statements issues and scientific impacts synthesis of data to draw well-reasoned conclusions and express justified positions synthesis of data to draw informed conclusions and express positions use of data and information to express plausible conclusions and positions statements of conclusions and positions statements of opinions analysis of a range of factors influencing the development of scientific knowledge. explanation of a range of factors influencing the development of scientific knowledge. description of factors influencing the development of scientific knowledge. identification of factors that directly led to developments of scientific knowledge. statements about developments in science.
Language education Teachers of Senior English have a special responsibility for language education. However, it is the responsibility of all teachers to develop and monitor students’ abilities to use the forms of language appropriate to their own subject areas. Their responsibility entails developing the following skills: ability in the selection and sequencing of information required in the various forms (such as reports, essays, interviews and seminar presentations) the use of technical terms and their definitions the use of correct grammar, spelling, punctuation and layout. Assessment in all subjects needs to take into consideration appropriate use of language. Students should understand and use appropriate scientific terms and phrases wherever the need arises. In order to achieve understanding of appropriate scientific terms, it may be necessary for students to develop their own glossaries as they progress through a course in Science21. Students should be engaged in learning experiences which involve them in: Drawing upon sources of information, such as: Using language for the purposes of: Presenting information in forms such as: observations demonstrations experiments textbooks handbooks of data manuals of procedures product brochures specification sheets computer files journal articles magazines newspapers broadcast media Internet CD-ROM advertisements videos or films lectures interviews discussions restating information reporting results giving instructions formulating an hypothesis designing an experiment explaining a relationship arguing a proposition proposing action defending a position justifying a stand evaluating an argument developing an idea interpreting a theory persuading making conclusions following instructions predicting the results of an experiment evaluating scientific arguments laboratory and field notes and reports formal reports letters abstracts biographies précis reviews oral presentations seminars discussions expositions demonstrations charts graphs sketches models photographs electronic media