Literature (es. European projects BEE and CEUBIOM etc.) The communication campaign could be difficult to realize if there is few interest from the population and the industrial sector It is difficult to have detailed information about the energy sinks There are few examples of agro-energy districts working OPPORTUNITIES THREATS There are in the area great quantities of not used residual biomasses (ex. Prunings) It is difficult to find legislation about PPPs Some innovative instrumentation has been developed to describe the biomass potential of an area through the use of Geographical Information Systems. The harvest or collection of biomass is very expensive The identification of key actors and stakeholders was made easier by the fact that already in other projects (ex. BEN) networks of biomass enterprises in the Umbria region have been already developed The individuation of the right conversion technology to transform biomass into energy has to be done with accurate analysis. are some technologies commercially available to produce energy from biomasses (ex. Biogas, vegetable oils fed in an internal combustion engine etc.) The tendering procedure for the individuation of the partners is very important. Biomass production shall be proportional to the demand of energy 2.2 PPP implementation 2.2: PPP implementation SWOT Analysis STRENGHTS WEAKNESSES The feasibility study can use a plenty of data available on the web. It is difficult to find local legislation about PPPs The tender procedure is standardized and always the same It is difficult to get connections with the charged bodies that deal with PPP design and legal consultancy The economic feasibility of the project can be estimated using also adequate software Most of the banks have not yet developed financial products to be used to promote the production of energy from biomasses
Zootechnical and food industry residues also exist Agricultural land divided in many parts, e.g. many land owners, therefore: a common initiative is absolutely necessary, there are high harvesting and transportation costs; Opportunity costs of some residues (i.e. with market price); Equipment to collect some of residues not in place. Easy to collect most residues from the fields Strong will from principal stakeholders to proceed with the scheme OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Secured tariff for renewable energies Excessive dependency on fossil fuels (eg. Lignite). Existence of areas suitable of taking measures Energy efficiency in buildings is not an obligation yet Suitable climate for bioclimatic applications The scheme will offer an alternative income to farmers External energy dependency will decrease for owners 3.2 PPP implementation Table 3.2: PPP implementation SWOT Analysis STRENGHTS WEAKNESSES Existence of Energy Management Agency Insufficient infrastructure for renewable energy use (eg. Injection of biomethane into the natural gas grid) Research and Development in renewable energies issues Low sensitiveness to energy savings High value of natural heritage, favoring the development of clean energies Low public awareness OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
Opportunities Threats National policy option for producing electricity from renewable energy, allowing the use of biomass . Rate for biomass in the market floating according energetic policies in different countries. Portuguese State Budget problems 6. 6.1. Target area characterization Table 6.1: Target Area SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses
High value of natural heritage, favouring the development of clean energies; Existence of energy market; Research and development in renewable energy issues; High livestock concentration Intercoop role as farmer cooperatives catalyser Lack of renewable energies recourses as raw material; Few renewable energies applications in the area; Low sensitiveness to energy saving; Low public awareness; Energy efficiency in buildings is not an obligation yet; Nitrate CE Directive (agricultural land availability for application); Electrical grid network infrastructure; Thermal application from cogeneration (farm typologies and nearby neighbours as potential beneficiaries of thermal energy application). Existence of areas suitable of taking measures; Suitable climate for bioclimatic applications Excessive dependency on fossil (eg. Lignite); Reaction and suspicious to renewable energies applications. Opportunities Threats 6.2 PPP implementation Table 6.2: PPP implementation SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Existence of energy management Agency Previous existing Private-Public-Partnership culture at level Insufficient infrastructure for renewable energy use (eg. Injection of Biomethane into the natural gas greed) No feed-in-law for thermal applications No incentives at a local level Absence of a local or regional energy Plan. Country committments Funds to invest in clean technologies Liberalization of electricity market Secured tariff for renewable energies Existence of mass center manure storage (lagoons) in 5 places as future facilities (AD and cogeneration); Province Government commitment for treatment and disposal contract; Possibilities and potential availability for other organic substracts for co-digestion. Bureaucrecy; Electrical grid availability for energy generated exportation; Impact of transport cost (from farms to AD facilities and from facilities to land application as well). Opportunities Threats 6.3 Contract redaction Table 6.3: Contract redaction SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses PPP synergies: government There is not a recognized contract structure at the moment;