How Do You Know? – Frames for Incorporating Evidence In the article, “_______________,” ___________________ maintains that _____________. ________________’s is that _______________________ ____’s rests upon the questionable assumption that _____________ One reason that _____________ maintains the position of _____________ is that ______________ According to the text/article/passage/report, ________________________ An example of ________________, is ____________________________ _____________. This proves/supports that _________________________ The author states that _________________________________________ In addition, the author/article/research supports that __________________ __________. This proves that ___________________________________. Examples/data supporting ___________, include ___________________
Citing the Evidence Question State Cite Explain This is the question you are directly responding to. If you are writing an essay, you must also use part of the stimulus in your answer so your audience knows what you are talking about. State the claim - the idea you had about the text. Cite what in the text led you to that idea. Explain how each piece of evidence supports your idea. Question State Cite Explain Connecting Ideas – Using Transitional Words and Phrases Transitional and phrases create a link between your ideas when you are speaking and writing. They help your audience understand the logic of your thoughts. When using transitional words, make sure that it is the right match for what you want to express. Remember, transition
words work best when they are connecting two or more strong ideas that are clearly stated. The following is a list of transitional words and phrases that you can use for different purposes. Add Related Information Give an Example or Illustrate an Idea Make Sure Your Thinking is Clearly Understood Compare Ideas or Show How Ideas Are Similar Contrast Ideas or Show How They Are Different · furthermore · moreover · too · also · · in addition · next · further · finally · and, or, nor · to illustrate · to demonstrate · specifically · for instance · as an illustration · for example · that is to say · in other words · to explain · i.e., (that is) · to clarify · to rephrase it · to put it another way · in the same way · by the same token · similarly · in like manner · likewise · in similar fashion · nevertheless · but · however · otherwise · on the contrary · in contrast · on the other Explain How One Thing Causes Another Explain the Effect or Result of Something Explain Your Purpose List Related Information Qualify Something · because · since · on account of · for that reason · therefore · consequently · accordingly · thus · hence · as a result · in order that · so that · to that end, to this end · for this purpose · for this reason · First, second, third… · First, then, also, finally · almost · nearly · probably · never · always · frequently · perhaps · maybe · although From Odell Education Sentence Structures: Helping Students Discuss, Read, and Write About Texts Students at all levels struggle to find language that expresses ideas and helps them achieve their rhetorical purpose. Sentence structures offer a useful means of getting students up and running with academic language through either sentence starters or sentence frames. Both approaches are useful for writing about and discussing different types of texts. Sentence Starters Sentence Frames