temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly personal communication citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase. In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized. 1. aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Their physical characteristics (B) names (C) Their adaptation to different habitats (D) Their variety 2. The word consequence in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) result (B) explanation (C) analysis (D) requirement 3. Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they (A) are simple in structure (B) are viewed positively by people (C) have been given scientific names (D) are found mainly in temperate climates 4. The word striking in line 8 is closest in meaning to (A) physical (B) confusing (C) noticeable (D) successful 5. The word exceed in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) locate (B) allow (C) go beyond (D) come close to 6. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT (A) differences between temperate and tropical zones (B) patterns of distribution of species in each region (C) migration among temperate and tropical zones (D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants 7. The author mentions tropical Asia in lines 19 as an example of a location where (A) butterfly behavior varies with climate (B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established (C) butterflies are affected by populations (D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species
5. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally on (A) ensuring harmonious relationships (B) sharing responsibility with group members (C) identifying new leaders (D) achieving a goal 6. The word collective in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular 7. The word them in line 19 refers to (A) expressive leaders (B) of the group (C) members (D) tension and conflict 8. A secondary relationship mentioned in line 22 between a leader and the members of a group could best be characterized as (A) distant (B) enthusiastic (C) unreliable (D) personal 9. The word resolve in line 27 is closest in meaning to (A) avoid repeating (B) talk about (C) avoid thinking about (D) find a solution for 10. Paragraphs 3 and 4 organize the discussion of leadership primarily in term of (A) examples that illustrate a problem (B) cause and effect analysis (C) narration of events (D) comparison and contrast PASSAGE 49 Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making. Unlike modern industrial potters, prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces individually, using the simplest technology but demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning their vessels. The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the utmost care: it was traded over considerable distances. The consistency of the clay was crucial: it was pounded meticulously and mixed with water to make it entirely even in texture. By careful kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and made the clay as plastic as possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the pot was built up, When a pot is fired, it loses its water and can crack, so the potter added a temper to the clay, a substance that helped reduce shrinkage and cracking. Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and also improved the durability in use, the potter smoothed the exterior surface of the pot with wet hands. Often a wet clay solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth surface. Brightly colored slips were often used and formed painted decorations on the vessel. In later times. Glazes came into use in some areas. A glaze is a form of slip that turns to a glasslike finish during high-temperature firing.
(B) humble (C) worthy (D) unusual 3. The author mentions seeds and fruits in line 2 as examples of (A) the first crops cultivated by early agricultural societies (B) eaten by hunters and gatherers as a secondary food source (C) types of food that hunters and gatherers lacked in their diets (D) the most common foods cultivated by early agricultural societies 4. The word settled in line 15 is closest in meaning to (A) advanced (B) original (C) involved (D) stable 5. According to the passage , agricultural societies produced larger populations because agriculture (A) created more varieties of food (B) created food surpluses (C) resulted in increases in leisure time (D) encouraged bartering 6. According to the passage , all of the following led to the development of writing EXCEPT the (A) need to keep records (B) desire to write down beliefs (C) extraction of ink from plants (D) growth of social complexity 7. The word chronicle in line 23 is closest in meaning to (A) repeat (B) exchange (C) understand (D) describe 8. According to the passage , how did the shift to agricultural societies impact people's family relationships? (A) The extended family became less important. (B) Immediate neighbors often became family members. (C) The nuclear family became self-sufficient. (D) Family members began to wok together to raise food. 9. The author mentions all of the following as results of the shift to agricultural societies EXCEPT (A) an increase in invention and innovation (B) emergence of towns and cities (C) development of a system of trade (D) a decrease in warfare 10. of the following is true about the human diet prior to the Neolithic period? (A) It consisted mainly of agricultural products (B) It varied according to family size. (C) It was on hunting and gathering. (D) It was transformed when large numbers of people no longer depended on the grain they grew themselves.