Environmental and Social Mitigation Management Plan In order to address these environmental and social issues appropriate mitigation measures have been proposed to offset and reduce the potential impacts on environment and social parts. For this purpose a detail environmental and social mitigation plan including the required mitigation options has been prepared in the below table which shall be used by construction contractors during execution of project activities. Consequences of project activities Potential Impacts Mitigation Measure Schedule of Implementation Monitoring Indicators Authority Responsible Costs (AFs) Pre-Construction Phase Loss of Land, Livelihoods & Assets Impact on people’s lives The PAPs have been identified and the acquisition process for land and properties (Govt. /private) is carrying out, the mitigation & compensation procedures are outlined in the RPF and detailed in the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) To be implemented at the design phase Consultation/ community engagement meetings held; and completed acquisition process PMU/MoPW The total cost reflected in the RAP Cut and fill Activities Cutting of hill and earth removal from borrow areas caused for soil erosion and landslides Designs shall ensure that as far as possible all cut and fill activities are balanced Design Review of technical document to make sure the issues are considered in the document PMU/MoPW 0.Afs Borrow Pits Increased embankment heights and wider Based on the total requirement and Design phase prior to construction activities Review of technical document to The borrow pit plan should be prepped by the 0.Afs
will be applied in construction phase according to the nation and International good practices and standards. The specific mitigation measures and guidelines are proposed which will be implemented by contractor with regular monitoring by PMU. This process should be undertaken in consultation with local representatives and should form part of a borrow pit action pan. Erosion Could result increased runoff and/or increased velocities which could lead to additional soil loss To reduce the impacts of erosion, engineering designs shall ensure: The side slopes of cuttings and embankments will be designed to reflect soil strength and other considerations as included in the project specifications in order to reduce slips or erosion; To prevent soil erosion in of steep mountainous slopes, Design Phase Review of technical document to make sure the issues are considered in the document PMU/MoPW 0.Afs
and blasting with use of small charges etc) and will identify the type, age and standard of equipment to be used. Socio-Economic Traffic disruptions The Contractor will prepare a traffic control plan, to be approved by the PMU/MoPW. The plan will include haulage and work site routes, traffic control devices, temporary fencing, barriers and barricades, detours, traffic signs and speed limits, and safe passage of pedestrians. Prior to the start of construction activities Review of traffic control plan and make sure it is prepared properly and part of project package Contractor have to prepare the plan and should be approved by PMU/MoPW 0.Afs Other Infrastructure Protection of Utilities that may effected All CPRs (common property resources) such as posts, bore wells, graves, water supply lines, sewage lines, drainage systems and electric power supply lines shall have to be removed and relocated outside the corridor before commencement of the road improvement activity. Prior to construction Make sure that the recommendation and cost is considered in the project package Contractor with oversight from PMU/MoPW 0 Afs
instability, landslide, water pollution, damage to farmland, disturbance in natural drainage will require approval from the relevant local authorities and the PMU/MPW to ensure that land owners are adequately compensated for land use and that the sites are not located in an area likely to cause significant detriment to the local environment. To ensure that this is the case contractors should ensure that quarries and crusher plants are: Located at least 500 meters from urban areas to prevent noise and dust impacts. Located outside of agricultural land. Where possible located on government owned lands Quarry shall not be done near surface water sources. Take soil/rock from approved borrow areas, barren areas, or vendors; store soil and debris to avoid erosion; quarry Ops is properly going on (via contact Provisions outlined in Appendix C) with oversight from the PMU/MoPW
dispose to existing dumps or reuse excavated soil and construction debris. Proper selection and management of quarry sites, rehabilitation of quarry sites after completion of work. The contractor will also submit the following to the relevant authorities for approval and thereafter present to the PMU: Exact location (makers to be placed in the field) – avoid slopes. Plan of the area indicating type and size of trees Excavation plan (management of vegetation and top soil volume and depth of excavation) Rehabilitation plan for the pit and access road. Spills/leaks Producing of hazardous materials, oil spills and work side accidents Contract documents will contain provisions requiring contingency plans for actions in the event of contamination due to spills or Throughout construction phase. Spot checks by ESMU/PMU Implemented by Contractor (via contact Provisions 0.Afs
to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any soils Construction activities (waste generation) Improper disposal of construction wastes may lead to soil contamination in surrounding environment. Construction wastes will be stored and covered to run off due to rain fall and contamination of soil and water bodies. The solid wastes will be collected and disposed off in designated sites. Construction phase. Solid waste disposal to landfill is verified Contractor 0.Afs Erosion Could result increased runoff and/or increased velocities which could lead to additional soil loss The Contractor will be responsible for ensuing: Material that is less susceptible to erosion will be selected for placement around bridges and culverts; and Re-vegetation of exposed including; (i) selection of fast growing and grazing resistant species of preferably local grasses and shrubs; (ii) immediate re-vegetation of all slopes and embankments if not covered with gabion baskets; (iii) placement of fiber mats to Construction phase. Status of ground in constructed areas Implemented by Contractor (via contact Provisions outlined in Appendix C) with oversight from the PMU/MoPW 0.Afs
encourage vegetation growth, although due to the arid conditions in most of the road, this may only feasible where there is regular rainfall or other natural water supply. Borrow Pits Increased embankment heights and wider roadways may present demands for fill, portions of which are likely to be supplied by area soils The contractor will consider the following: Exact location (makers to be placed in the field) – avoid slopes. Plan of the area indicating type and size of trees Excavation plan (management of vegetation and top soil volume and depth of excavation) Rehabilitation plan for the pit and access road. The Contractor should observe the following at the site. In constructing access roads to the site, agriculture reserves will be by passed. The surface of the borrow pit site should first be cleared of all unwanted materials Construction phase. Regular site observations and reporting Implemented by Contractor (via contact Provisions outlined in Appendix C) with oversight from the PMU/MoPW 0.Afs
system during construction period. In some sensitive points, the protection walls are considered in the project design accordingly Air Quality Construction Impacts Potential air quality impacts in the construction stage of the Project will be mitigated by implementation of the following controls: Construction equipment to a good standard and fitted with pollution control devices. The equipment (including the pollution control devices) will be checked at regular intervals to ensure they are maintained in working order and the checks will be recorded by the contractor as part of environmental monitoring; Discouraging of the idling of engines; Prohibition of the use of equipment and machinery that causes Construction phase. particulate matter in the air; inupper respiratory ailments; - Vehicle service. Implemented by Contractor (via contact Provisions outlined in Appendix C) with oversight from the PMU/MoPW 0.Afs
small charges etc) and will identify the type, age and standard of equipment to be used. Construction of one car parking & maneuvering including drinking water and sanitation facilities This activity has mostly positive impacts and was recommended in the ESIA report Construction of this car parking & maneuvering including drinking water and sanitation facilities will proved a good resting area for the drivers and passengers and equipped with recycle bin Construction phase. Availability of car parking and maneuvering Contractor 5,894,026.00 Afs The detail cost estimation is attached with the Appendix D. Lack of toilets for site workers Contamination of surrounding environment Use mobile toilets as the contractor is on site. Use available toilets/ latrines within the area Construction phase. Availability of toilets Contractor 60,000.00 Afs Destruction of Contract documents should ensure the following: Vegetation clearance during construction activities, especially of trees and along the road-side, will be minimized; Trees felled shall be replaced on a three to one basis in consultation with landowners; 2000 site adopted tress will be planted along the road corridor Construction and operation phase Tree plantation is verified. Implemented by Contractor (via contact Provisions outlined in Appendix C) with oversight from the PMU/MoPW 100,000.00 Afs
Contractors will be responsible for supplying appropriate and adequate fuel in workers’ to prevent fuel-wood collection. Land Use (Construction and other construction facilities) Inappropriate location such as proximity to local community drinking water source, Environmentally unsound use of community resources by workers Contractors shall ensure that: All sewage and waste water discharges shall be collected and treated in an approved system installed on site. The Contractor will provide medical examinations and emergency medical care for the construction staff and will provide suitable and clean sanitary facilities and necessary safety equipment, including special masks covering nose and mouth, for employees when applicable. The Contractor will also provide clean potable water, food and housing when necessary. Construction and operation phase. Sound environmental practices in Implemented by Contractor (via contact Provisions outlined in Appendix C) with oversight from the PMU/MoPW 0.Afs
sensitive/accident-prone spots; and Setting up speed limits in close consultation with the local stakeholders. Community health and safety The construction activities and vehicular movement at construction sites and access service roads may result in road side accidents particularly inflicting local communities who are not familiar with presence of heavy equipment. This is a temporary and minor negative impact. Quality of groundwater and surface water resources available in the nearby local communities may be affected due to the construction activities, oil spillage and leakage, roadside accidents etc. The There should be proper control on construction activities and Oil spillage leakage of vehicles. The Borrow areas should be fenced properly and banned for the movement of the residents. The labour works with different transmittable diseases should be restricted within the construction site. Efforts will be made to create awareness about road safety among the drivers operating construction vehicles; Timely public notification on planned construction works; Close consultation with local communities to identify optimal solutions for diversions to maintain community integrity & social links; Seeking cooperation with educational
supply should be restricted. Batching plants should be installed away from settlements Use of water should not disturb public water availability. Source of water should be selected carefully. Socio-economic Employment Contract documents will require that at 50% of the workforces are locally hired. Construction phase. Public consultation meetings Implemented by Contractor (via contact Provisions outlined in Appendix C) with oversight from the PMU/MoPW 0.Afs Traffic disruptions and Road Safety Enhanced vehicular movement and in the long run may result in road safety issues like traffic accidents. This impact is permanent but moderately adverse in nature, since the Regarding temporary impacts to local roads and traffic, contracts should include the following: A clause specifying that care must be taken during the construction period to ensure that disruptions to traffic and road transport are minimized. The Contractor shall ensure that the roads remain Construction Complains Implemented by Contractor (via contact Provisions outlined in Appendix C) with oversight from the PMU/MoPW 0.Afs
supervision and monitoring of implementation of proposed mitigation measures and for any issues the contractor will be instructed for corrective actions. External Monitoring It is recommended that a consultant should be to carry out Annual Environmental Audits in line with NEPA requirements. Bank and NEPA have the overall responsibility for issuing approval for the Project and ensuring that their environmental guidelines are followed during Project implementation. ESMU/PMU through the consultant will therefore provide NEPA and World Bank with reports on environmental and social safeguards compliance during implementation as part of their annual progress reports and annual environmental auditing reports. Table 8: Monitoring Plan during Construction Parameters To Be Monitored Proposed Mitigation Measure Location Measurements Frequency of Measurement Responsibilities Air Quality Apply (spray) water to the construction surface and other piled materials such as sand as much as needed. Perform periodical check and maintenance for the construction machinery Monitor/measure concentrations of particulate matter Along the Road, especially near intersections with population centres Site inspection Measuring concentrations of air pollutants using monitoring equipment and appropriate monitoring methods Weekly ESMU Level Reduce working night shifts as much as possible in populated areas. Apply the Regulations for ambient noise levels during this phase as a major tool in designing the construction activities schedule. Along the Road, especially near intersections with population centres Site inspection Measuring of noise levels using monitoring equipment and appropriate monitoring methods Daily ESMU
Waterways Maintenance of construction site and no discharge of effluents into waterways Waterways/water bodies close to work sites and base camps Visual inspection During construction ESMU Biodiversity Good site management practices to be observed to ensure minimal disturbance of habitats and sites Along the Road especially near intersections with population centres, base camps and borrow sites Site inspection During construction ESMU Plantation of trees felled shall be replaced on a three to one basis in consultation with landowners; 2000 site adopted tress will be planted along the road corridor Both side of road corridor Visual inspection Site inspection During plantation season and after ESMU Drainage System Periodic cleaning and maintenance of ditches and culverts Periodic inspection for solid waste disposal in culverts Culverts across the road Site inspection During construction ESMU Public and Occupational Health and Safety Ensure proper safety measure, personal protective equipments and implementation of health and safety plan and procedures Along the road corridor Site inspection Visual observation During construction ESMU Social Issues Avoid any disturbance to local communities and provision of fair compensation and disbursement on time Along the road corridor especially where are the land acquisition issues are located Records and resettlement plan Continuous ESMU, PMU Common properties and infrastructures Two MHP, the graveyard, water wells, should be established and the structures have to be constructed before damaging the existing structures Along the road corridor and the sites which have been identified in different road chainnage Site inspection Visual observation Before and During construction ESMU