Unit-V: Specific Relief - Recovering possession of property - Specific performance of the contract - Rectification of instruments - Rescission of contracts - Cancellation of instruments-Declaratory Decrees-Preventive Relief-Injunctions - Generally - Temporary and Perpetual injunctions - Mandatory & Prohibitory injunctions – Injunctions to perform negative agreement. Suggested Readings: 1. Anson: Law of Contract, Clarendon Press, Oxford. 2. Krishnan Nair: Law of Contract , & Co., Hyderabad. 3. G.C.V. Subba Rao: Law of Contract, S.Gogia & Co., Hyderabad. 4. T.S.Venkatesha Iyer: Law of Contract, revised by Dr.V.Krishnama Chary, S. Gogia & Co. 5. Avatar Singh: Law of Contract , Eastern Book Company, Lucknow. PAPER-II: FAMILY LAW–I Law) Unit-I: Sources of Hindu Law – Scope and application of Hindu Law – Schools of Hindu Law - Mitakshara and Dayabhaga Schools – Concept of Joint Family, Coparcenary, Joint Family Property and Coparcenary Property – Institution of Karta- Powers and Functions of Karta - Pious Obligation - Partition – Debts and alienation of property. Unit-II: Marriage - Definition - Importance of institution of marriage under Hindu Law – Conditions of Hindu Marriage – Ceremonies and Registration – Monogamy – Polygamy-Recent Trends in the institution of marriage. Unit-III: Matrimonial Remedies under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 - Restitution of Conjugal Rights – Nullity of marriage – Judicial separation – Divorce – Maintenance pendente lite – importance of conciliation- Role of Family Courts in Resolution of matrimonial disputes.
SEMESTER - III JURISPRUDENCE Unit-I: Meaning and Definition of Jurisprudence — General and Particular Jurisprudence - Elements of Ancient Indian Jurisprudence — Schools of Jurisprudence — Analytical, Historical, Philosophical and Sociological Schools of Jurisprudence. Theories of Law — Meaning and Definition of Law — The Nature and Function of Law — The Purpose of Law — The Classification of Law — Equity, Law and Justice — Theory of Sovereignty. Unit-II : Sources of Law — Legal and Historical Sources — Legislation - Definition of legislation – Classification of legislation- Supreme and Subordinate Legislation - Direct and Indirect Legislation - Principles of Statutory Interpretation. Precedent — Definition of Precedent — Kinds of Precedent — Stare Decisis — Original and Declaratory Precedents — Authoritative and Persuasive Precedents. Custom – Definition of Custom – Kinds of Custom – General and Local Custom – Custom and Prescription - Requisites of a valid custom - Relative merits and demerits of Legislation , Precedent and Custom as a source of Law . Codification — Advantages and disadvantages of codification. Unit-III: Persons — Nature of personality — Legal Status of Lower Animals, Dead Persons and Unborn persons — Legal Persons — Corporations — Purpose of Incorporation — Nature of Corporate Personality Rights and Duties — Definition of Right — Classification of Rights and Duties — Absolute and Relative Rights and Duties — Rights and Cognate concepts like Liberty, Power, Immunity, Privilege etc. Unit-IV : Obligation — Nature of Obligation — Obligation arising out of Contract, Quasi Contract, trust and breach of obligation etc. — Liability — Nature and kinds of liability — Acts — Men’s Rea — Intention and Motive — Relevance of Motive — Negligence — Strict Liability — Accident — Vicarious Liability — measure of Civil and Criminal Liability.
Unit-V: Ownership — Definition and kinds of Ownership - Possession — Elements of Possession – Relation between Ownership and Possession — Possessory Remedies — Property — Meaning — Kinds of Property — Modes of Acquisition of Property — Legal Sanctions - Meaning of Sanction — Classification of Sanctions — Civil and Criminal Justice — Concept of Justice — Theories regarding purpose of Criminal Justice — Deterrent, Preventive, Reformative and Retributive theories. Suggested Readings: 1. Salmond: Jurisprudence, Universal Publishers. 2. Paton : Jurisprudence 3. Allen : Law in the Making, Universal Publishers. 4. Mahajan V.D.: Theory and Jurisprudence, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow, 5. Dias : Jurisprudence, Aditya Books. 6. Rama Jois, and Constitutional History of India, Universal Law Publications, Delhi. 7. G.C.V. Subba Rao, Jurisprudence and Legal Theory, Eastern Book Company. PAPER II: Law of Property Unit-I: Meaning and concept of property — Kinds of property — Transfer of property — Transferable and non-transferable property — Who can transfer — Operation of transfer — Mode of transfer — Conditional transfer —Void and unlawful conditions — Condition precedent and condition subsequent — Vested and contingent interest — Transfer to unborn persons Unit-II: Doctrine of Election — Covenants — Transfer by ostensible — Doctrine of Feeding the Grant by Estoppels — Doctrine of Lis Pen dens — Fraudulent Transfer — Doctrine of Part-performance.
Unit-III: Sale- Essential features — Mode of Sale — Rights and liabilities of parties. Mortgage - Kinds of Mortgages - Rights and liabilities of mortgagor and mortgagee — Marshalling and Contribution — Charges. Unit-IV: Lease — Essential features — Kinds of leases — Rights and liabilities of lesser and lessee — Termination of lease — forfeiture — Exchange — Gifts — Different types of gifts — Registration of Gifts — Transfer of Actionable Claims. Unit-V: Easements — Definition of easement — Distinction between and License — Dominant and Servant Tenements. Acquisition of property through testamentary succession — Will — Codicil — Capacity to execute Will — Nature of bequests — Executors of Will — Rights and Obligations of Legatees. Suggested Readings: 1. Mulla : Transfer of Property, Butterworth’s Publications. 2. Subba Rao GCV: Commentaries on the Transfer of Property Act. 3. Krishna Law of Property. 4. Upadhyaya's Common Matrix of Transfer of Property. 5. Avatar Textbook on The Transfer of Property Act, Universal Law Publishing Company. III: ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Unit-I: Nature and scope of Administrative Law — Meaning, Definition and Evolution of Administrative Law— Reasons for the growth of Administrative Law — Relationship between Administrative Law and Constitutional Law. Unit-II: Basic concepts of Administrative Law — Rule of Law — Interpretation of Dicey's Principle of Rule of Law — Modern trends - Theory of Separation of Powers — Position in India, UK and USA Trial
Unit-V: Disciplinary Proceedings in Industries - Charge sheet – Explanation – Domestic enquiry - Enquiry officer – Enquiry report – Punishment – Principles of Natural Justice. Suggested Readings: 1. Srivastava: Law of Trade Unions , Eastern Book Company, Lucknow 2. .Goswami : Labour and Industrial Law, Central Law Agency. 3. R.F. Rustomji : Law of Industrial Disputes : Asia Publishing House, Mumbai 4. S.N. Misra : Labour and Industrial Law, Central Law Agency, Allahabad. 5. J.N. Malik : Trade Union Law 6. Khan & Khan : Labour Law , Asia Law House, Hyderabad 7. S.C. Srivastava : Industrial Relations and Labour Law, Vikas Publishing House. 8. Nick Humphreys, Trade Union Law and Collective Employment Rights. PAPER-VI: Public International Law Unit-I: Definition, Nature, Scope and Importance of International Law — Relation of International Law to Municipal Law — Sources of International Law — Codification. Unit-II: State Recognition — State Succession — Responsibility of States for International delinquencies — State Territory — Modes of acquiring State Territory Unit-III: Position of Individual in International Law — Nationality — Extradition — Asylum — Privileges and Immunities of Diplomatic Envoys — Treaties – Formation of Treaties - Modes of Consent, Reservation and termination. Unit-IV: The Regime of the Seas – Evolution of the Law of the Sea – Freedoms of the High Seas – Common Heritage of Mankind – United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas – Legal Regime of Airspace – Important Conventions relating to
Airspace – Paris, Havana, Warsaw and Chicago Conventions – Five Freedoms of Air – Legal Regime of Outer space – Important Conventions such as Outer space Treaty, Agreement on Rescue and Return of Astronauts, Liability Convention, and Agreement on Registration of Space objects, Moon Treaty - Uni space. Unit-V: International Organizations — League of Nations and United Nations — International Court of Justice —International Criminal Court - Specialized agencies of the UN — WHO, UNESCO, ILO, IMF and WTO. Suggested Readings: 1. J.G. Starke: Introduction to International Law, Aditya Books, 10th Edition, 1989. 2. J.I. Brierly: The Law of Nations, Oxford Publishers, London. 3. Ian Brownlie: Principles of Public International Law, Oxford Publishers, London. 4. S.K. Kapoor, Public International Law, Central Law Agencies, Allahabad. 5. H.O. Agarwal, International Law and Rights, Central Law Publications, Allahabad. 6 S.K. Verma, An Introduction to Public International Law, Prentice Hall of
Hyderabad. 3. Land Grabbing Laws in A.P., Asia Law Hyderabad. 4. G.B. Land Laws in A.P., Gogia Law Agency, Hyderabad 5.N.Maheshwara Swamy, Lectures on Land Laws,Asia Law House,Hyderabad PAPER-V: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW Unit-I: Intellectual Property-Meaning, Nature and Classification –Significance and need of protection of Intellectual Property — Main forms of Intellectual Property : Patents,Trademarks,Industrial designs, Geographical Indications of Goods, Copyright and Neighboring Rights-New forms of Intellectual Property: Plant Varieties Protection and Biotechnology, GRTK, Layout Designs, Computer Programmes Unit-II: Evolution of International Protection of IPRs-Introduction to the leading International instruments concerning Intellectual Property Rights –General Principles of Protection-The Convention,1883- The Berne Convention,1886 Madrid Agreement,1891-The Patent Co-operation Treaty,1970 – The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Conventions- TRIPS Agreement,1994 Unit-III : Copyright: Meaning, Nature, historical evolution and significance- The Copyright Act, 1957 – Salient Features-Idea-Expression Dichotomy-Subject matter of Copyright Protection- Neighboring rights - Ownership of Copyright –Rights of Authors and owners -Assignment of copyright –Collective management of copyright- infringement of copyright and Criteria –Exceptions to i9nfringement the Act — Remedies for infringement of copyright. Unit-IV: Intellectual Property in and the rationale of protection - The Trade Marks Act, 1999 — Definition of Trademarks — Distinction between Trademark and Property Mark - Registration — Passing off — Infringement of Trademark —
VI SEMESTER LAW OF EVIDENCE Unit-I: The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 — Salient features of the Act – Meaning and kinds of Evidence – the impact of the Information Technology Act, 2000 on the Indian Evidence Act - Interpretation clause — May Presume, Shall presume and Conclusive proof - Fact, Fact in issue and Relevant facts —Distinction between Relevancy and Admissibility - Doctrine of Res gestae — Motive, preparation and conduct — Conspiracy —When Facts not otherwise relevant become relevant — Right and custom — Facts showing the state of mind etc. Unit-II : Admissions & Confessions: General Principles concerning Admissions — Differences between "Admission" and "Confession" — Confessions obtained by inducement , threat or promise – Confessions made to police officer - Statement made in the custody of a police officer leading to the discovery of incriminating material — Admissibility of Confessions made by one accused person against Dying Declarations and their evidentiary value — Other Statements by persons who cannot be called as Witnesses —Admissibility of evidence of witnesses in previous judicial proceedings in subsequent judicial proceedings. Unit-III : Relevancy of Judgments — Opinion of witnesses — Expert's opinion — Opinion on Relationship especially proof of marriage — Facts which need not be proved — Oral and Documentary Evidence – General Principles concerning oral evidence and documentary evidence — Primary and Secondary evidence — Modes of proof of execution of documents — Presumptions as to documents — General Principles regarding Exclusion of Oral by Documentary Evidence – Relevance of social media in the law of evidence Unit-IV: Rules relating to Burden of Proof - Presumption as to Dowry Death — Estoppels — Kinds of estoppels — Res Judicata, Waiver and Presumption.
Production, Impounding, Return of Documents —Hearing — Affidavit and Decree — Concepts of Judgment, Decree, and Interim Orders and Stay — Injunctions — Appointment of Receivers and Commissions — Costs - Execution — Concept of Execution —General Principles of Execution — Power of Execution — Power of Executing Courts — Procedure for Execution — Modes of Execution -- Arrest and detention — Attachment and Sale. in Particular Cases — Suits by or against Government — Suits relating to public matters;— Suits by or against minors, persons with unsound mind, - Suits by indigent persons -- Interpleaded suits — Incidental and supplementary proceedings - Appeals, Reference, Review and Revision — Appeals from Original Decrees — Appeals from Appellate Decrees — Appeals from Orders — General Provisions Relating to Appeals. Unit-V: Law of Limitation — Concept of Limitation — Object of limitation - General Principles of Limitation — Extension — Condonation of — Sufficient Cause — Computation of limitation -- Acknowledgment and Part -payment- Legal Disability — Provisions of the Limitation Act, 1963 (Excluding Schedule) Suggested Readings: 1. Mulla, TheCode of Civil Procedure, LexisNexis, Butteworths, Wadhwa. 2. C.K. Takwani: Civil Procedure, Eastern Book Co., Lucknow. 3. Sarkar’s Civil Court Practice and Procedure, LexisNexis. 4. B.B. Mitra: Limitation Act, Eastern Law House, Calcutta, Allahabad. 5.Sanjiva Row: Limitation Act, (in 2 Vols), Law Book Co., Alahabad. 6. Sanjiva Row: Code of Procedure, (in 4 Vols), Law Book Co. Allahabad. 8. AIR Commentaries on Limitation Act, W.W. Chitaley, AIR Ltd., Nagpur.
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE, LAW OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND PROBATION OF OFFENDERS Unit-I : The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 : The rationale of Criminal Procedure — The importance of fair — Constitutional Perspectives : Articles 14, 20 & 21 — The organization of Police, Prosecutor and Defence Counsel — Pre-trial Process — Arrest — Distinction between “cognizable” and “non-cognizable” offences — Steps to ensure presence of accused at -- Warrant and Summons cases — Arrest with and without Warrant – impact of S. 41A - The absconder status . Unit-II: Rights of arrested persons under Cr.P.C. and Article 22 (2) of the Constitution of India. - Search and Seizure — Search with and without warrant — Police search during investigation — General Principles of Search — Seizure — Constitutional aspects of validity of Search and Seizure proceedings - Process: Commencement of Proceedings — Dismissal of Complaint — Bail, Bail able and Non-bailable Offences — Cancellation of Bails — Anticipatory Bail — General principles concerning Bail Bond. Unit-III : Preliminary to bar trial — Jurisdiction — Time Limitations — Pleas of Autrefois Acquit and Autrefois Convict — Fair — Concept of fair trial — Presumption of innocence — Venue of trial —Jurisdiction of Criminal Courts — Rights of accused -- Constitutional Interpretation of Article 21 as a right to speedy trial — Charge — Form and content of Charge — before a Court of Session : Procedural steps and substantive rights. Unit-IV: Compounding of offences – Plea Bargaining - Judgment: Form and content -- Summary trial — Post-conviction orders in lieu of punishment — Modes of providing judgment copy — appeals, review and revisions – Role of Victim in Criminal process – compensation to crime victim. Unit-V:
Probation and Parole: Authority granting Parole — Supervision — Conditional release -- suspension of sentence — Procedure under Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 -- Salient features of the Act. Juvenile Justice System -- Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act -- Procedure under Juvenile Justice…Act — Treatment and Rehabilitation of Juveniles —— Protection of Juvenile Offenders — Legislative and Judicial Role. Suggested Readings: 1. Kelkar R.V.: Criminal Procedure, Eastern Book Co., Lucknow. 2. Ratanlal and Dhirajlal: The Code of Criminal Procedure, Wadhwa & Co., 3.Padala Rama Reddi: The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Asia Law House, Hyderabad. 4.S.N. Misra: The Code of Criminal Procedure, Central Law Agency. 5. M.P. Tandon: Criminal Procedure Code, Allahabad Law Agency. 6.Shoorvir Tyage: The Code of Criminal Procedure, Allahabad Law Agency. PAPER-IV: LAW OF TAXATION Unit-I : Constitutional basis of power of taxation — Article 265 of Constitution of India - Basic concept of Income Tax — Outlines of Income Tax Law - Definition of Income and Agricultural Income under Income Tax Act — Residential Status - Previous Year — Assessment Year — Computation of Income. Unit-II: of Income and Computation — Income from Salary, Income from House Property. Profits and Gains of Business or Profession, Capital Gains and Income from other sources. Unit-III: Law and Procedure — P.A.N. — Filing of Returns — Payment of Advance Tax -- Deduction of Tax at Source (TDS) -- Double Tax Relief — Law and Procedure for Assessment, Penalties, Prosecution, Appeals and Grievances -- Authorities. Unit-IV :
GST ACT, 2017 – Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017: Introduction – Background - - Basic Concepts – salient features of the Act – Kinds of GST - CGST, SGST & IGST – Administration officers under this Act – Levy and collection of tax – scope of supply – Tax liability on composite and mixed supplies – Input tax credit – Eligibility and conditions for taking input tax credit. Unit-V: GST ACT, 2017:- Registration – persons liable for registration – persons not liable for registration – procedure for registration – returns – furnishing details of outward and inward supplies – furnishing of returns – payment of tax, interest, penalty and other amounts – tax deducted at source – collection of tax at source – Demand and Recovery – Advance Ruling – Definitions for Advance Ruling – Appeals and revision – Appeals to Appellate Authority – Powers of revisional authority - Constitution of Appellate Tribunal and benches thereof – offences and penalties. Suggested Readings: 1. K.Singhania: Student Guide to Income Tax, Taxman, Allied Service Pvt. Limited. 2.Vinod K.Singhania: Direct Taxes Law & Practice, Taxman Allied Service Pvt. Limited. 3. Myneni S.R.: Law of Taxation, Allahabad Law Series. 4. Kailash Rai: Taxation Laws, Allahabad Law Agency. 5. Gurish Systematic Approach to Income Tax, Bharat Law House Pvt Ltd 6.V.S. : GST Ready Recknor, Taxman Publications. 7. GST Acts with Rules & Forms (Bare Act) , Taxman Publications. 8. GST – A Practical Approach,Taxman Publications. 9. Sweta Jain, GST Law and Practice – A Section wise commentary on GST, Taxmann Publications. 10. Shann V Patkar, GST Law Guide, Taxmann Publication.
4. Indian law Institute, The Drafting of Laws (1980) 5.Allen, Law in the making, Sweet and Max Well 6. Renton C’ Hee Report, Preparation of Legislation, Sweet and Max Well 7.W. Friedman, Law in a Changing Society (1970) 8. Viswanthan, T.K., Legislative Drafting PAPER-VI: ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION The written examination of this will be for 50 marks and the remaining 50 marks for record and viva voce. There shall be classroom instruction on the following topics: Unit-I: Alternate Dispute Resolution — Characteristics — Advantages and Disadvantages——Unilateral — Bilateral — Triadic (Third Party) Intervention — Techniques and processes -- Negotiation — Conciliation —Arbitration — Distinction between Arbitration, Conciliation and Negotiation. Unit-II: The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 — Historical Background and Objectives of the Act — Definitions of Arbitration, Arbitrator, Arbitration Agreement -- Appointment of Arbitrator — Termination of Arbitrator -- Proceedings in Arbitral Tribunal -- Termination of Proceedings — Arbitral -- Setting aside of Arbitral Award — Finality and Enforcement of Award — Appeals – Enforcement of Foreign Awards. Conciliation – Appointment of Conciliators – Powers and Functions of Conciliator -- Procedure – Settlement of disputes through conciliation. Unit-III: Other Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems —Tribunals -- Lokpal and Lokayukta — Lok Adalats — Family Courts. Section 89 and Order X, Rules 1A, 1B and 1C of Civil Procedure Code. Practical Exercises (30 (a) The students are required to participate in 5 (five) simulation proceedings relating to Arbitration, Conciliation, Mediation and Negotiation. Participation in each such simulation proceeding shall be evaluated for a maximum of 4 (four) marks (Total 5x4=20marks).
LAW OF BANKING AND NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS Unit-I: History of the Banking Regulation Act — Salient features — Banking Business and its importance in modern times – Different kinds of Banking – impact of Information Technology on Banking. Unit-II: Relationship between Banker and Customer — Debtor and Creditor Relationship — Fiduciary Relationship — Trustee and Beneficiary — Principal and — Bail and Bailee — Guarantor. Unit-III: Cheques — Crossed Cheques — Account Payee — Banker's Drafts — Dividend Warrants, etc. — Negotiable instruments and deemed negotiable instruments — Salient features of The Negotiable Instruments Act. Unit-IV: The Paying Banker — Statutory protection to Bankers — Collecting Banker – Statutory protection – Rights and obligations of paying and collecting bankers.. Unit-V: Banker's lien and set off -- Advances - Pledge - Land - Stocks - Shares - Life Policies - Document of title to Goods - Bank Guarantees - Letters of Credit – Recovery of Bank loans and position under the SARFAESI Act, 2002 – Jurisdiction and powers of Debt Recovery Tribunal. Suggested Readings: 1.Tannan: Banking Law & Practice in India, Orient Law House, New Delhi. 2.Avtar Singh: Negotiable Instruments, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow. 3. P.N.Varshney: Banking Law & Practice, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. 4. Taxman: Law of Banking, India Law House 5.B.R. Sharma and Dr.R.P. Nainta: Principles of Banking Law and Negotiable Instruments Act, Allahabad Law Agency. 6.Mukherjee's Banking Law and Practice, Premier Publications Company. 7.Bashyam and Adiga: Negotiable Instruments Act, Bharat Law House. 8. S.R. Myneni, Law of Banking, Asia Law House.
Suggested Readings: 1. Bharihoke, Neera and Neera,Talwar; Law of Insolvency; Delhi Law House 2. Avtar; Law of Insolvency; Eastern Book Company 3. Sirohi, J.P.S.; Law of Insolvency in India; Allahabad Law Agency 4. Manzar, Saeed; Law of Insolvency; Orient Publishing Company 5. Sandhya, Narain; on the Law of Insolvency in India; LexisNexis 6. THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016 VII: Elective-II [To choose one out of (c) and (d)] (C) INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW Unit-I: Introduction to International Humanitarian Law (IHL). -History and Development of IHL - Application of IHL - IHL and Human Rights Unit II: Rules of Conduct of Hostilities- General Limitations on the Means and Methods of Warfare - Weapons Regime - The Principle of Distinction. - Rule of Military Necessity and Rule of Proportionality - Prohibition of Direct And Indiscriminate Attacks. Unit-III: Protected Persons And Property- Wounded, The Sick, The Shipwrecked. - Prisoners of War. - Medical, Religious And Relief Personnel. - Protection of Civilians. - Protection of - Protection of Children. - Protection of Refugees and Internally displaced Persons - Protection of Cultural Property. Unit-IV: Implementation of IHL And Institutional Mechanisms- Basic issues involved in Implementation of IHL. - Implementation of Law At National Level. - Grave Breaches of Geneva Conventions And Additional Protocols. - Accountability and Criminal jurisdiction. - Protecting Power System- ICRC- War Crimes Tribunals Unit-V: India and Refugee Law-Refugee: Meaning, kinds and status-International conventions relating to refugees-Position in India-Judicial response to State action
Suggested Readings: A.N. Sinha: Law of Citizenship and Aliens in India, Asia Publishing House, New Delhi, 1962. Meher K. Master: Citizenship of India, Eastern Law House, Calcutta, 1970 E.S.Venkataramaiah: Citizenship – Rights and Duties, Texcom, delhi, 1988. Surya narian Yadav and Indu Baghel: Citizenship in the Age of Globalisation, Jnana Prakashan, New Delhi, 2008. Gurubax Singh: Law of Foreigners, Citizenship and Passports in India, Universal Law publishers, New Delhi. Subhash C. Kashyap: Citizenship and the Constitution: Citizenship Values under the Constitution, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, New Delhi, 2002. B.N. Ray: Citizenship in a Globalizing World, Kaveri Books, New Delhi, 2007. S.I.Jafri & K.N. Nath,: Seth’s Law of Citizenship, Foreigners and Passports in India, Law Publishers (India) Pvt. Ltd. B.S. Chimni(ed): International Refugee Law – A Reader, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2000. Bandopadhyay: Rights of the Non-citizen – Law and Reality, deep & Deep, New Delhi, 2007. **** ®