3=High level of severity Long-term (more than seven years)/ Irreversible Constant frequency Affects environmental conditions, species and habitats for the long term, may substantially the local and regional ecosystem and natural resources, and may affect sustainability. Regeneration to its former state would not occur without intervention. Affects environmental conditions or media over the long term, has local and regional affects or is irreversible 72: Severity Criteria (Negative Social or Health Impacts) Severity Duration Extent Ability to Adapt Socio-cultural Outcome Health Outcome 1=Low level of severity (up to one year) Low frequency Individual/ Household Those affected will be able to adapt to the changes with relative ease, and maintain pre-impact livelihoods, culture, quality of life and health. Inconvenience but with no consequence on long-term livelihoods, culture, quality of life, resources, infrastructure and services. Event resulting in annoyance, minor injury or illness that does not require hospitalization of severity Medium-term (one to seven years) Medium or intermittent frequency Small number of households Those affected will be able to adapt to change, with some difficulty, and maintain livelihoods, culture, quality of life and health but only with a degree of support Primary (direct) and secondary (indirect) impacts on livelihoods, culture, quality of life, resources, infrastructure and services resulting in moderate injuries or illness, which may require hospitalization
Positive Impacts and proposed enhancement measures Table 81: Anticipated Positive Environmental and Social Impacts for the Kahawa Railways Station Environmental and Social Aspect Anticipated Impacts/Remarks Proposed Enhancement during Design and Construction phases Proposed Enhancement during Operation and Decommissioning phases Changes in hydrology/ drainage Improvement of drainage systems at the station Reduction of flooding and soil erosion near the station Design adequate drainage structures to accommodate peak runoff Provide speed breakers on the outfall and distribute outfall flows Monitor drainage structures, culverts, outfalls regularly for damages near the station Continuous maintenance of drainages and culvert Reduction of travel time and increased comfort Improved travel safety and comfort for travellers using the railway line Significant shortening of travel time between Kahawa and other towns served by the railway line and beyond Proper design and construction of facilities that encourage use of the station Proper and regular maintenance of the railway line Provision of regular train services on the line Improved security The facility will have improved security once completed compared to the current situation Proper design incorporating lighting, security access at and near the station Proper and regular maintenance of lighting at the station Provision of security at all times patrolling the access roads and at the station Air pollution Reduction of air pollution from vehicle emmissions Proper design and construction of facilities that encourage use of the station Proper and regular maintenance of the railway line Provision of regular train services on the line Growth of investments and activities Growth of Kahawa centre and surrounding areas near the station More investors in various sectors will want to invest in the area due to easy access provided by the railway line Liaise with physical planning department and local authorities for location of construction of parking bays, access and other amenities that can be constructed near Kahawa Monitor growth of the Kahwa area to expand infrastructure Kiambu County to control development through spatial planning of the area Employment opportunities Direct temporary employment for skilled and unskilled labour for many of the local people for example as casual labourers during construction works. Utilize local labour construction work Utilize materials the area for
will be an increase in drainage speed which in turn will create heavy outfalls and worsen soil erosion cases along the drainage systems Provide erosion channels to natural drains and rivers/streams to minimize erosion Disruption of public utilities Disruption of water used in the area or reduction in regular flow Contractor to generate utility management plan Contractor to minimize damage to public utilities Contractor to minimize damage to public utilities during routine maintenance Air pollution Degradation of Air through dust emissions Air pollution from emissions by construction vehicles and equipment during their operations Increased dust and air pollution levels impact on public health Regular watering of access roads and work sites to reduce dust emissions Vehicles and machinery engines should always be switched off when not in use Pollution Noise generated during construction activities such as operation of construction equipment, excavations, etc Increased noise pollution levels could impact on public health. Construction activities should be carried out only during the day to minimize levels to the residents Explosive blasting shall not to be used Proper maintenance of trains Sensitize operators on hooting unnecessarily Water resources usage Competition of water resources with the needs of the local population Develop water abstraction plan to minimize conflict with local residents Manage use of piped water and other water sources mainly used by local people Abstraction licenses should be obtained from the required authority Monitor water wastage and usage during operational stages of the station Install pressure taps that minimize and time Repair damaged taps and toilets to minimize waste Water Pollution Contamination of resources with oil and fuel spills by construction equipments at construction site Other construction materials such as paints, bituminous materials and other associated Incorporate erosion control measures during construction at the site No oils and should be stored on the construction site – small works Monitor oil spills and other leakages at the station and parking lots Regular cleaning of oil sumps and storm water drains at the station
Table 91 :–Environmental Management and Monitoring plan Project Environmental and Social Impact Proposed Mitigation and Aspects for Monitoring Responsibility for intervention and monitoring during design, construction and defects liability period Parameters for Monitoring/ Indicators (c ) – construction (o) - operations Timing - Recommended frequency of monitoring Estimated Mitigation & Monitoring costs to be included in the BoQ (Kshs) Loss of vegetation CONSTRUCTION Minimize clearing of uneccesary areas at the construction site Replant vegetation through landscaping upon completion OPERATION PHASE Replenish vegetation at the station regularly Proper maintenance of trees and other vegetation at the station Design Engineer, Project Engineer and Contractor (c) check and follow specifications in the drawings and plans (c) Minimal clearance of vegetation and soil stripping Continuous during construction & operation phases Included in the BoQ excvations KShs 1,199,720.00 soil erosion CONSTRUCTION Construct efficient drainage structures (culverts, mitre drains, scour checks etc) Control earthworks through cascading gabions and distribution channels for storm water Protect excavated sections of the route of storm water during heavy rains Provide erosion channels to natural drains and rivers/streams to minimize erosion Design Engineer, Project Engineer and Contractor KRC (c ) and (o) Soil erosion levels During rainy seasons Included in the BoQ under Drainage Structures Normal maintenance budget of the station during operation
Noise pollution CONSTRUCTION PHASE Regular Sensitization of workforce and residents on potential noise levels Controlled operation of construction plant and equipment No blasting shall be done on site Project Engineer and Contractor inspection / observation level at the construction site Number of Complaints from the residents Costs build in the planning and administration costs of the contractor Water Resources Usage CONSTRUCTION PHASE Develop water abstraction plan to minimize conflict with local residents Manage use of piped water and other water sources mainly used by local people Abstraction licenses should be obtained from the required authority (WARMA) Project Engineer and Contractor WARMA Inspection /method of waste collection Complaints from the neighbouring communities or the authorities Amount of water abstracted (c) monthly Costs build in the planning and administration costs of the contractor OPERATION Monitor water wastage and usage during operational stages of the station Install pressure taps that minimize and time usage Repair damaged taps and toilets to minimize waste KRC inspection Amount of water used Repairs and damaged water facilities (o) monthly Normal maintenance budget Water Pollution DESIGN and CONSTRUCTION PHASE Inspection (c) daily
with the police, insurance, families, community leaders, etc (including during operation stages) settlement changes CONSTRUCTION PHASE Ensure the station is fenced off to discourage informal settlement and trading within the premises Discourage informal settlement near the station KRC, Authorities Inspection/observation Number of informal settlements coming up near the project monthly No direct costs Social Issues – employment CONSTRUCTION PHASE Utilization of local skilled and unskilled workers Contractor, Project Engineer (c ) observation /reports Number/percentage of local workers from the local communities Complaints from local residents Monthly No direct costs to EMMP, costs build in the planning and administration costs of the contractor Workers and commuters health and sanitation Contractor to provide clean and adequate sanitation facilities for the workers at all times Contractor shall also provide clean drinking water at the construction site for his workers at all times OPERATION PHASE Project proponent to provide clean and adequate sanitation facilities for the commuters Contractor, Project Engineer KRC Inspection/observation/ reports Number of sanitation facilities Sanitation facilities cleanliness Number of disease outbreaks Monthly reports No direct costs to EMMP, costs build in the planning and administration costs of the contractor & Normal maintenance during operation Security and Crime Proper design incorporating lighting to enhance security at the station Contractor, Project Engineer police KRC Reporting Number of crimes reported Monthly No direct costs to EMMP, costs build in the planning and
Provide adequate and safety tools, and enforce use of PPEs to all workers Appoint a fulltime OHS personnel Ensure provisions of first aid for staff , insurance, and access to ambulance service at all worksites, and arrangement to access local hospital/dispensary with qualified medical staff by workers The site shall be fenced off and provided with security at the access gates to reduce potential accidents and injuries to the public Sub-county Health & Environmental Officer Workers OHS compliance (use and adequacy) Number of construction activities related accidents Health & Safety for Workers and Equipment - Kshs 5,200,000 Child protection CONSTRUCTION PHASE Ensure no children are employed on site in accordance with national labor laws Ensure that any child sexual relations offenses among contractors’ workers are promptly reported to the police Contractor, Project Engineer observation /reports/random checks Inspection of employees working at the site Labour Records by the contractor Regularly No Direct costs Gender equity and Sexual harassment CONSTRUCTION PHASE Contractor to prepare and enforce a No Sexual Harassment Policy in Contractor, Project Engineer, observation /reports Number of incidences monthly No direct to EMMP, costs build in the planning and