Study 1 2 Study 3 Study 4 Study 5 Study 6 Study 7 Study 8 9 Study 10 Authors & year Baddeley et al., 2013 Edinger et al., 2009 Epstein et al., 2013 Gellis & Gehrman, 2011 Haynes et al., 2011 Karlin et al., 2013 Khawaja et al., Perlman et al., 2008 Pigeon et al., 2013 Trockel et al., 2014 Design Case study with 90 day follow-up RCT with six month follow up Single group with three month follow-up Single group single group Single group Single group Case study with three month follow-up Single group Intervention (I) and Comparison (C) I: Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia I: Cognitive therapy for insomnia C: Sleep hygiene I: insomnia treatment with electronic I: Cognitive therapy for insomnia I: Brief group therapy based on cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia I: Cognitive therapy I: Cognitive behavioural therapy informed sleep skills education C: to the intervention I: Cognitive therapy for insomnia I: Brief cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (two sessions delivered via telephone) I: Cognitive therapy for insomnia delivered by therapists in training Population Mean age (SD) Gender (%) US Navy veteran with PTSD and insomnia Mean age: 70 US adults with psychiatric disorders and insomnia (veteran US OEF/OIF veterans exposed to a potential TBI with insomnia US veterans (88% Vietnam) with PTSD and insomnia US veterans with severe mental illness and insomnia in psychiatric hospitals US veterans presenting for treatment at mental health and primary US veterans partially hospitalised in a psychiatric program US veterans with insomnia and psychiatric disorders US veteran with insomnia and depression Mean age: Not reported US veterans with insomnia Mean age: 52 (14.0) post pre-
Gender: Male status not described) Mean age: 54.2 (13.7) Gender: Male (86%) Mean age: 30.3 (7.7) Gender: Male (95%) Mean age: 58.6 (3.0) Gender: Male (100%) Mean age: 51.6 (12.2) Gender: Male (95%) care settings with insomnia Mean age: 50 (15) Gender: Male (78%) Mean age: 48-48.5 (11.6-13.1) Gender: Male (91%) Mean age: 52.4 (13.5) Gender: Male (75%) Gender: Male Gender: Male (85%) Delivered to Individual Individual Individual Individual Group Individual Group Individual Individual Dosage (total number of sessions) Six sessions Four sessions 30-60 minutes each Four sessions Five sessions One session, 60 minutes Six sessions One to four sessions, 60 minutes each Eight to ten sessions, 75 minutes each Four sessions, S1: 45 minutes, S2-4: 15-30 minutes Six sessions Primary Outcome domain - Insomnia (Sleep diary: sleep efficiency; total sleep time; sleep quality; ISI) - Insomnia (ISQ; PSQI; Sleep diary: time in bed; total sleep time; sleep onset latency; wake after - Insomnia (Sleep diary: total sleep time; sleep onset latency; wake after sleep onset; sleep efficiency; - Insomnia (ISQ; actigraphy) - Insomnia (ISI) - Insomnia (ISI) - Insomnia (PSQI; sleep latency; sleep time) - Insomnia (Sleep diary: total sleep time; sleep onset latency; wake after sleep onset; sleep - Insomnia diary: total sleep time; sleep onset latency; wake after sleep onset; sleep efficiency; number of - Insomnia (ISI)
sleep onset; sleep efficiency; actigraphy) time in bed; PSQI; PSQI-A; ISI) - Sleep self-efficacy efficiency; PSQI; ISI) - beliefs (DBAS-16) ISI) Secondary Outcome domain - PTSD (PCL) - Anxiety & stress (DASS) - beliefs (DBAS-16) - beliefs (DBAS-14) None - PTSD (CAPS; PCL-M) - Other psychiatric disorders (MINI; STAXI; PHQ-9) - Daytime sleepiness (ESS) - Fatigue (FSS) - (NFQ; NES) None - Depression (BDI-II) - Quality of life None - Daytime impairment (MFI-20; QIDS-SR; STAI) - Hypnotic use - Depression (PHQ-9) None Total sample size N= 1 N= 81 N= 41 N= 8 N= 19 N= 182 N= 183 N= 20 N= 1 N= 696 ,
Design RCT with four month follow-up Single group pre-post RCT Single group RCT Intervention (I) and Comparison (C) I1: Behavioural sleep intervention cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and imagery rehearsal therapy I2: C2: Placebo I: Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia combined with imagery rehearsal I: Cognitive therapy for insomnia with adjunctive imagery rehearsal therapy (when reported problem C: Waitlist I: Cognitive therapy with adjunctive exposure, relaxation and rescripting therapy I: Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and imagery rehearsal therapy C: care Population Mean age (SD) Gender (%) US veterans with sleep complaints Mean age: 40.9 (13.2) Gender: Male (90%) US OIF veterans recently deployment with PTSD and recurrent nightmares Mean age: 37.3 (9.2) Gender: Male (100%) US OEF/OIF veterans with PTSD and insomnia Mean age: 37.7 (9.1) Gender: Male (90%) US veterans (90% Vietnam) with PTSD and insomnia Mean age: 59 (4.0) Gender: Male (100%) US veterans with insomnia and PTSD Mean age: 46 (11.1) Gender: Male (68%) Delivered to Individual Individual Individual Group Individual Dosage (total number of sessions) Five to sessions, 45 minutes each Six sessions CBT; three IRT) Four sessions, 60 Ten sessions, 90 Six sessions, 60 minutes each
minutes each minutes each Primary Outcome domain (Measure(s)) - Insomnia (Sleep diary: total sleep time; sleep onset latency; wake after sleep onset; sleep efficiency; number of ISI; PSQI; - Nightmares (Sleep diary: frequency) - or worsening of symptoms (CGI) - Insomnia (PSQI; sleep diary) - Nightmares (NFQ; sleep diary) - Insomnia (Sleep diary: total wake time; total sleep time; sleep onset latency; wake after sleep onset; sleep efficiency; PSQI; ISI) - beliefs - Insomnia diary: total sleep time; sleep onset latency; wake after sleep onset; sleep efficiency; time in bed; PSQI; ISI) (Sleep diary: distress level; frequency) - Insomnia (Sleep diary: total sleep time; sleep onset latency; wake after sleep onset; sleep efficiency; PSQI; ISI) - Nightmares (Sleep diary: frequency) Secondary Outcome domain (Measure(s)) - Mental health symptom severity (PCL; BDI; BAI) - PTSD - PTSD (PSS-SR) - Mood (PHQ-9; POMS) - PTSD (PDS) - PTSD (PCL-M) - Depression (PHQ-9) Total sample size N= 50 N= 11 N= 40 N= 10 N= 22 Participants: I I n:I1= 17 n= 11 n= 20 n= 10 n= 13