UNIT 1 CHAPTER III HUMAN REPRODUCTION Q 17. Explain the role of pituitary and ovarian hormones in menstrual cycle in human females. 3M Ans : Pituitary hormones –FSH-stimulates follicle maturation LH -rapid secretion --- LH surge ---- induces rupture of graffian follicle ---- ovum released. Ovarian hormones ---- estrogen --- stimulates follicular development Progesterone ----- corpus leutium ---- maintains endometrium. Q 18. Explain the following- Trophoblast, Spermiation, Birth canal, Spermiogenesis. (Any Three) 3M Ans: Trophoblast – Outer layer of blastocyst which send finger like projections called chorionic villi into uterine tissue which together form the placenta. Spermiation – After spermiogenesis, sperm head get embedded into the sertoli cells and is finally released from seminiferous tubule by the process called Spermiation. Birth canal – The vaginal canal along with the cervix is called birth canal. It helps in parturition. Spermiogenesis – The process involving transformation of spermatids in to spermatozoa is called spermiogenesis. Q 19 –describe the schematic events of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. 5M Ans : Spermatogenesis Oogenesis UNIT 1 CHAPTER IV REPRODUCTION HEALTH Q 20. Describe any 5 methods of birth control/contraceptive methods. 5M Ans 1. Natural / traditional methods – a) periodic abstinence b) coitus interruptus c) Lactational amenorrhea. 2. Barrier methods – a) Condoms b) Diaphragms, Cervical caps and Vaults c) Spermicidal cream, gellies & foams. 3. LUDS - a) Non medicated IUD ex. Lippes loop b) Copper releasing IUD ex. Cu T c) Hormone releasing IUD ex. Progestasert.
4. Oral contraceptives – a) Pills containing progestogens or progestron – estrogen combination by female ex. Saheli – is a non steroidal preparation 5. Surgical methods – a) Vasectomy in Male and Tubectomy in female. Q 21. Write any four characteristics of ideal contraceptives. 2M Ans : User friendly, easily available, effective, reversible with no side effects, noninterfering. Q 22 –describe any 3 Assisted reproductive technology (ART) to an infertile couple. 3M Ans – a) Test tube baby program – (i) IVF – Invitro fertilization (ii) ZIFT – Zygot intra fallopian transfer and IUT – intra uterian transfer. b) GIFT – Gamete intra fallopian transfer c) ICSI – Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection d) AI – Artificial Insemination. Q 23 –what is reproductive health? Mention any 5 ways by awareness about significance of reproductively healthy society be developed. 3M Ans: Total well being in all respect of reproduction that is physical, emotional, social, behavioral and physiological. 5 ways to create awareness. 1. Awareness of problem due to population explosion, social evil like sex abuse etc. 2. Legal checking of female foeticides by banning amniocentesis 3. Educating people about birth control and other sex related aspects. 4. Providing facility for reproductive help 5. Creating awareness among people by introduction of sex education in school. Unit II Chapter 5 Principles of inheritance and variation Why did Mendel choose garden pea for his experiment? How did he make sure that the Plants were true breeding? 3M Ans: Mendel selected garden pea for his experimental material because of the following reasons: It is an annual plant with a short life-cycle. So several generations can be studied within a short period. It has perfect bisexual flowers containing both male and female parts The flowers are predominantly self-pollinating. It is easy to get pure line for several generations.