Conclusion Thank you very much for taking out the time to answer these questions. Your contribution will be valuable to our research. KI contact details Interviewee name Phone number Email address Geographical area of knowledge □ National □ Jordan Valley □ Rainfed Highlands □ Northeast Technical area of knowledge Knowledge development Warning systems and communication mechanisms Risk reduction -in the agricultural sector- project Financing mechanisms for risk reduction Yes □ No□ Yes □ No□ Yes □ No□ Yes □ No□
TOOL’S ANNEX Type of risk in the agricultural sector Potential exacerbating factors Potential negative impact on the agricultural livelihoods or labour Risk-mitigating measures -implemented through strategies, policies, projects- Economic Price or market risk (i.e. uncertainty about the prices producers will receive for commodities or the prices they must pay for inputs) Production risk (i.e. high variability of production outcomes) Income variability etc. Border closure Demographic pressures Natural disaster and/or extreme weather changes Farmers’ lack of knowledge of their markets Livelihoods Disruption of activities Decrease in production Decrease in income generated by agricultural activities (inducing a decrease in saving and investment etc.) Increase vulnerabilities of farming households Use of coping mechanisms (E.g. selling asset, getting into debt, child labour etc.) Labour Movement of workers, unemployment, redeployment of workers to other sectors Agricultural/ food prices regulation Implementation of agricultural and stock-rearing quotas Financing mechanism Agricultural subsidies/subsidies funds Environmental Natural disaster and extreme weather changes (E.g. scarcity, drought, land desertification, frost, floods, earthquakes etc.) Deforestation Lack of farmers’ risks awareness/ technical knowledge (E.g. unsuitable cropping patterns) Demographic pressure/immigration influx Livelihoods Disruption of activities Decrease in production Lower quality of the production Increase vulnerabilities of farming households Increase in import dependency of food production (correlated with rise in food prices) Land planning Implementation of/ Capacity building on sustainable water management practices (E.g. Drip irrigation, reuse of treated wastewater, tariff policies on water used for irrigation etc.) Implementation of/ Capacity building on sustainable farming practices (E.g. Greenhouses, reducing/eliminating tillage, planting perennial crops etc.)
Type of risk in the agricultural sector Warning systems Economic Price or market risk (i.e. uncertainty about the prices producers will receive for commodities or the prices they must pay for inputs) Production risk (i.e. high variability of production outcomes) Income variability etc. Monitoring of agricultural prices/food prices Monitoring of agricultural yield Environmental Natural disaster and extreme weather changes (E.g. Water scarcity, drought, land desertification, frost, floods, earthquakes etc.) Monitoring of agricultural droughts Set up frost monitoring and forecasting system Implementation of automated field-based monitoring system (e.g. Informing on water availability, vegetation health etc.) Societal Food crises wave of immigration etc. Implementation of food security warning and communication system Monitoring of agricultural labour working conditions Political Border closure International and national legislation (E.g. Implementation of constraining export rules, Inputs cost monitoring Monitoring of transboundary diseases
Annex 4 : M&E Matrix IMPACT Objective External M&E Indicator Internal M&E Indicator Methodology Focal point Tool Research-specific information Humanitarian stakeholders are accessing IMPACT products Number of humanitarian organisations accessing IMPACT services/products Number of individuals accessing IMPACT services/products # of downloads of the three reports from Resource Center User monitoring Country request to HQ User log Yes # of downloads of the three reports from Relief Web Country request to HQ Yes # of downloads of the three reports from Country level platforms Country team No # of page clicks on the three reports from REACH global newsletter Country request to HQ Yes # of page clicks on the three reports from country newsletter, sendingBlue, bit.ly Country team Yes # of visits to webmap/ dashboard Country request to HQ No IMPACT activities contribute to better program implementation and coordination of the humanitarian response Number of humanitarian organisations utilizing IMPACT services/products # references in HPC documents (HNO, SRP, Flash appeals, Cluster/sector strategies) Reference monitoring Country team Reference log Not applicable # references in single agency documents To be filled in after publication
Annex 5 : Data Analysis Framework Research Question SUBQ Number Data collection method Sub-research question group Sub-research Question Questionnaire Question Probes Key disaggregation -- KI Interview Key characteristics Interviewer name Interviewer name -- -- -- KI Interview Key characteristics Interviewee name Interviewee name -- -- -- KI Interview Key characteristics Selection criteria Selection criteria -Ministry of Agriculture -Higher Council for Civil Defence -Ministry of Environment -NCARE -Ministry of Water and Irrigation government representative -Other (please specify) __ -- -- KI Interview Key characteristics Interviewee’s professional title Interviewee’s professional title -- -- -- KI Interview Key characteristics Interview location Interview location -- -- What is the nature of the main faced by the agricultural sector in Jordan, according to agricultural areas, agricultural (i.e 1 KI Interview Risk identification -- According to you, what are the three major risks faced by the agricultural sector in each of the identified agricultural zone? Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ “Badia”, Jordan Valley 1.a KI Interview Risk identification -- What are the nature of these risks? Economic: Price or market risk, production risk, income variability etc. Environmental: Natural disaster and/or extreme weather changes. Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/
cropping, livestock herding) and products? Societal: Food crises, immigration etc. Political: Regional instability, border closure, change in legislation etc. Other: Please specify. “Badia”, Jordan Valley 1.b KI Interview Risk identification -- Are risks somehow related or, to the opposite, completely independent from one another? Do they influence, exacerbate, alleviate each others? Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ “Badia”, Jordan Valley 1.c KI Interview Risk identification -- Please provide examples of the agricultural products/sub-sectors the most affected by each hazard mentioned -- Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ Jordan Valley 1.d KI Interview Risk identification -- In your experience, how likely are these risks to occur? -Remote (almost -Unlikely (occurs rarely) -Possible (could occur, but uncommon) -Likely (recurrent but not frequent) -Very likely (occurs frequently) Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ “Badia”, Jordan Valley 2 KI Interview Risk identification -- In the past 30 can you think of any changes/events that have happened which might have increased one or several of the risk(s) you mentioned? -- Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ Jordan Valley What are the current and potential future impacts of risks? 3 KI Interview Risk identification What are the current and potential future impacts of these risks on In which ways is each risk you mentioned likely to impact/ has already impacted agricultural livelihoods? -- Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ Jordan Valley
What are the current and potential future impacts of these risks? agricultural livelihoods? 3.a KI Interview Risk identification Can in turn, increase/decrease the likelihood of the original risk or other risks’ likelihood? If so, please explain which risks, through which channels and with which level of intensity. -- Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ “Badia”, Jordan Valley 3.b KI Interview Risk identification According to you, how severely can each risk you mentioned impact/ has already impacted agricultural livelihoods? Minimal impact impact Moderate impact Severe impact Catastrophic impact Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ “Badia”, Jordan Valley 4 KI Interview Risk identification What are the current and potential future impacts of these risks on agricultural labour? In ways is each risk you mentioned likely to impact/ has already impacted agricultural labour? -- Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ “Badia”, Jordan Valley 4.a KI Interview Risk identification Can these, in turn, increase/decrease the likelihood of the original risk or other risks’ likelihood? If so, please explain which risks, through which channels and with which level of intensity. -- Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ “Badia”, Jordan Valley 4.b KI Interview Risk identification According to you, how severely can each risk you mentioned impact/ has already impacted agricultural labour? Minimal impact Minor impact Moderate impact Severe impact Catastrophic impact Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ “Badia”, Jordan Valley What are the current and potential future 5 KI Interview Risk identification What are the current and potential future How is each risk you mentioned likely to affect/already affected relations within and/ or among the communities? Which groups/which communities are involved? What are the forms and the manifestations of this? Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/
impacts of these risks? impacts of these risks on relations between and among communities? “Badia”, Jordan Valley 5.a KI Interview Risk identification Can in turn, increase/decrease the likelihood of the original risk or other risks’ likelihood? If so, please explain which risks, through which channels and with which level of intensity. -- Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ “Badia”, Jordan Valley 6 KI Interview Risk identification -- According to you, who are the most vulnerable population groups to the risks you mentioned? According to gender, nationality, location, socioeconomic and labour status etc. Rainfed Highlands, Eastern Zone/ “Badia”, Jordan Valley Who are the key stakeholders involved in DRM in the agricultural sector in Jordan? Who are the key stakeholders involved 1 KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile -- How is the (Note to the facilitator: Name of the organization the KI is working for) involved in risk reduction in the agricultural sector in Jordan? -- -- 1.a KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile What are roles, practices and/or responsibilities? Strategy/policy/project main -- -- 1.b KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile Strategy/policy/project beneficiary group This includes the gender, nationality, labour and socioeconomic status etc. of the beneficiaries. -- 1.c KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile In which area(s) are their initiatives implemented? Policy level/Project location -National -Zone Level (Jordan Valley/ Rainfed areas/ Northeast) -Governorate/City --
3.a KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile If yes, to whom and by means? E.g. Community outreach, newspapers, cell phone etc. -- 3.b KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile If no, why? -- -- 4 KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile What are their achievements so far? What were the results /are the results of these initiatives so far? -- -- 4.a KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile What were/is the approximate number of beneficiaries/ CBOs/ communities of these projects? -- -- 4.b KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile What were/ are the agricultural products/sub-sectors that benefit the most of these initiatives? -- -- 5.a/5.b KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile What are their achievements so far? What is the impact of such policy/strategy/project on: Hazards impact on agricultural livelihoods and labour Communities preparedness to hazards -- -- 1 KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Risk -- What type of initiatives/programs that collect, analysis, model risks in the -- --
Who are the key stakeholders involved in DRM in the agricultural sector in Jordan? reduction strategies in the agricultural sector agricultural sector in Jordan do you know? 2 KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Risk reduction strategies in the agricultural sector What are their roles, practices and/or responsibilities? The type of hazard these studies intend to gather information on. -- -- 3 KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Risk reduction strategies in the agricultural sector In which area(s) are their initiatives implemented? If these studies are nationwide or local. In the latter case, please specify the governorate and the city. -- -- 4 KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Risk reduction strategies in the agricultural sector -- Who are in charge of these studies? E.g. State/Non-state actors, national/local actors etc. -- 5.a/5.b KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Risk reduction strategies in the agricultural sector What are their achievements so far? According to you, what are the results of initiatives so far? Please explain. What is the impact of these studies on the hazard awareness level? b. To what extend have these studies impacted the risk-mitigating measures in the agricultural sector taken in the last 5 years? Please provide example. -- -- 6 KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Risk reduction strategies in the agricultural sector -- What are the barriers, if any, to these studies effective impact on risk mitigation in Jordan? E.g. High costs, low awareness and/or low use of such studies by communities etc. --
1 KI Interview Warning systems and communication mechanisms -- To your knowledge, what are the warning systems set up in Jordan to enhance risks preparedness? -- -- 2 KI Interview Warning systems and communication mechanisms What are their roles, practices and/or responsibilities? The type of hazards these warning systems intend to mitigate -- -- 3 KI Interview Warning systems and communication mechanisms In area(s) are their initiatives implemented? If they are in place at the national or the zone level. In the latter case, please specify the governorate and the city. -- -- 4 KI Interview Warning systems and communication mechanisms -- Who are the actors in charge of designing and activating these warning systems ? E.g. State/Non-state actors, national/local actors etc -- 5 KI Interview Warning systems and communication mechanisms Do they communicate on their initiatives? By which means is the information provided by theses warning systems communicated to communities? E.g. Community outreach, newspapers, cell phone etc. -- 6.a/6.b/6.c KI Interview Warning systems and communication mechanisms What are their achievements so far? What are the results of these warning systems and communication mechanisms so far? What is the approximate number of people reached by theses warning dissemination mechanisms? What are the agricultural products/sub-sectors that benefit the most of these initiatives? -- --
c.What is the impact of these mechanisms on the farmers’ risk preparedness? 7 KI Interview Warning systems and communication mechanisms What are their achievements so far? What are the barriers, if any, to these mechanisms effective impact on risks mitigation in the agricultural sector? E.g. High costs, low awareness and/or low use of such mechanisms by communities etc. -- 1 KI Interview Risk reduction -in the agricultural sector- project Do you know any risk reduction project implemented in Jordan? -- -- 2 KI Interview Risk reduction -in the agricultural sector- project What are their roles, practices and/or responsibilities? Precise the type of hazards these projects intend to mitigate -- -- 3 KI Interview Risk reduction -in the agricultural sector- project In which area(s) are their initiatives implemented? If they are in implemented at the national or the zone level. In the latter case, please specify the governorate and the city. -- -- 4 KI Interview Risk reduction -in the agricultural sector- project What are their roles, practices and/or responsibilities? Who are the actors in charge of designing and activating these mechanisms? -- -- 5.a/5.b/5.c KI Interview Risk reduction -in the agricultural sector- project What are their achievements so far? What are the results of these projects so far? What is the approximate number of beneficiaries/CBOs/communities of projects? What are the agricultural products/sub-sectors that benefit the most of these initiatives? -- --
Who are the key stakeholders involved in DRM in the What is the impact of these mechanisms on the farmers’ hazard risk resilience? 6 KI Interview Risk reduction -in the agricultural sector- project What are their achievements so far? What are the barriers, if any, to projects effective impact on disaster risk mitigation? E.g. Lack of funds, lack of coordination between actors involved in DRR, lack of monitoring of the projects etc. -- 1 KI Interview Financing mechanisms for risk reduction What are their roles, practices and/or responsibilities? To your knowledge, what type of financing mechanisms for risk reduction exist in Jordan? -- -- 2 KI Interview Financing mechanisms for risk reduction What are roles, practices and/or responsibilities? Precise the type of hazards these measures intend to mitigate. -- -- 3 KI Interview Financing mechanisms for risk reduction In which area(s) are their initiatives implemented? If they are in place at the national or the zone level. In the latter case, please specify the governorate and the city. -- -- 4 KI Interview Financing mechanisms for risk reduction What are their roles, practices and/or responsibilities? Who is offering such services? -- --
agricultural sector in Jordan? 6 KI Interview Financing mechanisms for risk reduction What are their achievements so far? What obstacles, if any, prevent services to be widely used? E.g. Lack of awareness of such services, eligibility criteria, application costs etc. -- What type of interventions could be implemented so as to facilitate DRM in Jordan’s agricultural sector? 6 KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Authority/Organization profile -- According to you how could this type of strategy/policy/project be improved? -- -- 7 KI Interview DRR stakeholders mapping – Risk reduction strategies in the agricultural sector -- What could be done to improve the effectiveness of these studies? E.g. Expand the studies’ geographic scopes, increase communication on the existing studies, increase collaboration between actors involved in DRR in Jordan etc. -- 8 KI Interview Warning systems and communication mechanisms -- What could be done to improve the effectiveness of these warning systems and communication mechanism? E.g. Expand the warning systems/communication mechanisms (geographic) scopes, increase awareness on the existing warning system and communication mechanisms etc. -- 7 KI Interview What type of interventions could be implemented so as to facilitate DRM in Jordan’s agricultural sector? -- What be done to improve the effectiveness of these disaster risk reduction programs? -- --
7 KI Interview Financing mechanisms for risk reduction -- What could be done to improve the effectiveness of financing mechanisms for risk reduction? E.g. Increase awareness on the existing initiatives, change eligibility requirements, reduce/increase the amount of subsidy etc. --