2.1 The student will demonstrate an understanding of oral language structure. a) Create oral stories to share with others. b) Create and participate in oral dramatic activities. c) Use correct verb tenses in oral communication. d) Use increasingly complex sentence structures in oral communication. e) Begin to self-correct errors in language use. UNDERSTANDING THE STANDARD (Teacher Notes) ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, AND PROCESSES The intent of this standard is that students will continue to demonstrate their growth in the use of oral language and vocabulary. Teachers will provide opportunities for students to use their knowledge of sentence structure, verb tenses, and vocabulary to create oral stories that have a beginning, middle, and end. All students should participate in group activities by creating oral stories using complex sentences and appropriate verb tenses. To be successful with this standard, students are expected to use the story structure of beginning, middle, and end to tell a story of an experience. maintain and manipulate voice, such as pausing, tempo, and pitch, to convey mood. add appropriate elaboration and detail while recounting or describing an event. dramatize familiar stories (e.g., plays, skits, reader’s theater). use present, past, and future tenses appropriately. provide a referent for pronouns (e.g., Serena wanted to sing but she was afraid). demonstrate subject-verb agreement. use more complex sentence structure with conjunctions, such as while, when, if, because, so, and but, when describing events and giving explanations. speak in complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation to provide details and clarification. begin to self-correct errors made when communicating orally.
2.2 The student will expand understanding and use of word meanings. a) Increase listening and speaking vocabularies. b) Use words that reflect a growing range of interests and knowledge. c) Clarify and explain words and ideas orally. d) Identify and use synonyms and antonyms. e) Use vocabulary from other content areas. UNDERSTANDING THE STANDARD (Teacher Notes) ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, AND PROCESSES The intent of this standard is that students will expand understanding and use of word meanings through the use of a variety of texts that reflect the Virginia Standards of Learning for English, history and social science, science, and mathematics. Teachers will provide opportunities for students to use antonyms, synonyms, and descriptive language to explain and clarify ideas. Growth in oral language aids in the development of fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. All students should understand that specific vocabulary helps explain and clarify ideas. To be successful with this standard, students are expected to listen to and discuss a variety of texts. use appropriate descriptive language to express ideas, opinions, and feelings. use language to categorize objects, people, places, or events. explain the meanings of words within the context of how they are used. ask questions to clarify or gain further information. recognize when two or more different words are being used orally to mean contrasting or opposite things. recognize when different words are being used orally to mean the same or similar things. use synonyms and antonyms in oral communication. use specific content area vocabulary in discussions.
2.11 The student will maintain legible printing and begin to make the transition to cursive. UNDERSTANDING THE STANDARD (Teacher Notes) ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, AND PROCESSES The intent of this standard is that students will maintain legible printing while making the transition to cursive. When to make the transition to cursive is a local decision, however, once begun, cursive writing should be taught and practiced in a systematic, direct manner. All students should understand that legible printing is an important tool of written communication. To be successful with this standard, students are expected to write legibly. space words in sentences. space sentences in writing. learn basic strokes for cursive.