Evidence Profile Otherwise healthy Study 1 Study 2 Study 3 Health status Otherwise healthy Otherwise healthy Otherwise healthy Authors & Year Golub, Vazan, Bennett & Liberty, 2013 Tan, Westermeyer, Thompson, Thuras & Canive, 2008 Westermeyer, Canive, Garrad, Thuras & Thompson, 2005 Design Cross-sectional secondary data source; self-report Cross-sectional, primary data source; clinical interview Cross-sectional, primary data source; clinical interview Country US US US Population (source) Veterans* interviewed as part of a national drug and alcohol use survey between 2004 – 2010.Age was restricted to 21-34 year olds to capture the OEF/OIF population American Indian veterans* from central US states American Indian and Hispanic veterans* from the Southwest and North central US states Primary outcomes (measures & diagnostic criteria) - Substance use disorder (DSM criteria) - Alcohol use disorder (DSM criteria) - Drug use disorder (DSM criteria) - Marijuana use disorder (DSM criteria) - Pain killer use disorder (DSM criteria) Psychotherapeutic use disorder (DSM criteria) - Past month alcohol misuse (non-validated measures) - Past month use of marijuana; cocaine; hallucinogens; pain killers (non-validated measures) - Substance use disorders (current; lifetime) (Quick-Diagnostic Interview Schedule DSM-III-R) - Alcohol use disorder (Quick-Diagnostic Interview Schedule DSM-III-R) - Cannabis use disorder (Quick-Diagnostic Interview Schedule DSM-III-R) - Cocaine use disorder (Quick-Diagnostic Interview Schedule DSM-III-R) - Other stimulant use disorder Interview Schedule DSM-III-R) - Hallucinogen use disorder Interview Schedule DSM-III-R) - Sedative use disorder (Quick-Diagnostic Interview Schedule DSM-III-R) - Opioid use disorder (Quick-Diagnostic Interview Schedule DSM-III-R) - Substance use disorders (DSM-IV-TR; MAST/AD) - Alcohol use disorders (DSM-IV-TR; MAST/AD)
Accessing VA services 1 Study 2 Study 3 Study 4 Study 5 Study 6 7 Health status Seeking mental health services from VA Seeking care from the VA Seeking care from the VA Seeking care from the VA and tested for HIV and/or HCV Seeking care from the VA Seeking care from the VA Seeking care from the VA Authors & Year Edens & Rosenheck, 2012 Frueh et al., 2007 Hawkins, Lapham, Kivlahan & Bradley, 2010 Huckans, Blackwel, Harms, Indest, & Hauser, 2005 Kimerling et al., 2010 Maguen, Ren, Bosch, Marmar & Seal, 2010 Maguen, Cohen, Cohen, Madden, Bertenthal & Seal, 2012 Design secondary data source; method of assessment not specified primary data source; clinical interview data source; self-report and not specified secondary data source; not specified secondary data source; not specified secondary data source; not specified secondary data source; not specified Country US US US US US US US Population (source) All veterans* who used VA mental health specialty services in FY 2009 7.7% were OEF/OIF Veterans* who visited VA medical centres in south eastern US states during the FY 1999 19.1%of the 18-44 year olds; 48.4% of 45-64 year olds had combat exposure OEF/OIF^ and other theatre veterans enrolled in the VA health care system and screened between 2003 – 2004 Veterans^ seen at northwest VA clinics between 1998 – 2003 12.4% were OEF/OIF OEF/OIF veterans^ who used the VA services between 2001 – 2007, who were screened for military sexual trauma (MST), and had separated from service by 2006 OEF/OIF veterans^ who were first-time users of a VA facility from 2002 – 2008 and separated from military service OEF/OIF veterans^ who were first-time users of a VA facility from 2001 – 2010 and separated from military service
M= 91.5% F= 7% M= 93% F= 32.9 Non- OEF/OIF: M= 47.5 F= 8.1% M=91.9% HIV+: 50.0(9.6) F= 14% M= 86% F= 12% M= 88% F= 12% M= 88%
By gender Drug use disorder Females= 2.6%; Males= 5.3% Alcohol use disorder rates: Females= 5.3%; 11.6% Study 1 Study 2 Study 3 Study 4 Study 5 Health status Previously sought medical care from the VA Seeking care from the VA Seeking care from VA Seeking care from VA Seeking care from the VA Authors & Year Sayer et al., 2010 Seal et al., 2009 Seal et al., 2011 Tsai, Edens, & Rosenheck, 2011 Zivin et al., 2011 Design Cross-sectional primary/ secondary data source; mixed and not specified secondary data source; not specified secondary data source; not specified Cross-sectional secondary data source; not specified Cross-sectional secondary data source; not specified Country US US US US US Population (source) OEF/OIF combat veterans^ who visited a VA facility between 2003 – 2007 OEF/OIF veterans^ entering and using VA care from 2002 – 2008 after separating from military service OEF/OIF veterans^ who had their first VA visit after military service separation from 2001 – 2009 All veterans* who used VA health services during FY 2009 4% were OEF/OIF Veterans^ who completed the SHEP during FY2005 1% OEF/OIF Primary outcomes (measures & diagnostic criteria) - Substance use disorders (ICD-9-CM) - Probable substance use disorders (Two-Item Conjoint Screen) - (Illicit) drug use disorders - Alcohol use disorders (ICD-9-CM) - Alcohol use disorders - Drug use disorders - Alcohol use and drug use disorders (ICD-9-CM) - Nicotine use disorder ICD-9-CM (305.1) - Alcohol use disorder (ICD-9-CM) - Drug use disorder (ICD-9-CM) - Substance use disorders ICD-9-CM (codes reported elsewhere) Secondary outcome(s) (mental Depression, anxiety, PTSD, psychotic disorder, Depression, PTSD, any mental health disorders Anxiety, depression, PTSD, Depression, anxiety, PTSD, schizo-phrenia, dementia, Depression, anxiety, PTSD, schizo-phrenia