campus security departments, the costs of bringing existing departments into compliance with such minimum core operational functions, and legislative amendments needed in order to require compliance by such departments. In identifying such functions, the Department shall work with other public and private stakeholders as deemed appropriate. The Department shall report its findings to the Governor and the General Assembly by November 1, 2014.” Due to the complexity of the topic, and pending 2015 legislation which could affect the nature of campus law enforcement duties, DCJS requested and received permission to provide an interim report in November 2014, with a final report to the Governor and the General Assembly in November 2015. This is the final report. Table of Contents Executive Iv Study Authority and 1 Study 2 Institutions of Higher Learning Examined in Study…………………………………………………………………………… 3 Campus Police and Security Departments Examined in Study………………………………………………..………… 5 Professional Organizational Standards for Campus Police and Security Departments…………..…………. 6 Survey of Virginia Campus Police and Security Departments ……………………………………………………..…… 8 Survey Findings: Types of Campus Police and Security Departments Responding to Survey……………. 9 Survey Findings: All Institutions Combined…………………………………………………………………………………..….. 11 Survey Findings for Different Categories of Institutions…………………………………..……………………………….. 13 Public Institutions with a Sworn Campus Police Department…………………………………………..……. 14 Community Colleges with a Sworn Campus Police Department ………………………………………..…… 23
Community Colleges Performing the Function “Prevention and Detection of Crime” Activities Performed All 11 community colleges with a sworn police department reported that they perform the function Prevention and Detection of Crime. Each of these departments was then asked which specific Prevention and Detection of Crime activities it now performs. Results are shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 Community Colleges with Sworn Police Department Percent Performing Prevention and Detection of Crime Activities Activities above are from IACLEA Accreditation Standards Manual, CAS Self-Assessment Guide for Campus Police and Security Programs, and CALEA Campus Security Standards Manual All 11 (100%) of these departments reported performing the Prevention and Detection of Crime activities crime prevention and patrol operations. Additionally, 75% or more departments also reported performing the activities traffic collision investigation, public information/education, investigative services, community relations and community involvement. The least reported performed activity was special investigative operations, which was reported by only 36% of the departments. Performance Effectiveness Two-thirds or more of the community college sworn departments reported being “extremely/very effective” at performing the following Prevention and Detection of Crime activities: Community involvement (87%) Patrol operations (72%) Community relations (78%) Traffic collision investigation (67%) Public information/education (78%) Performance on three other activities was rated as less effective: investigative services was rated as “extremely/very effective” by only 55% of departments, and about one-third rated their performance as “moderately effective.” About one-half of the departments rated their performance on special investigative operations (performed by only four departments) and crime prevention as “moderately effective.” About 10% of the departments rated their performance on public information/education, investigative services, and crime prevention as only “slightly/not very effective.” Departments that reported only “slightly/not very effective” performance on activities most frequently cited as obstacles lack of personnel, lack of financial resources, and lack of support by the campus administration. Community Colleges Performing the Function “Apprehension of Criminals” Activities Performed All 11 community colleges with a sworn police department (100%) reported that they perform the function Apprehension of Criminals. Each of these departments was then asked which specific Apprehension of Criminals activities it now performs. Results are shown in Figure 7.
Fiscal management (73%) Evidence collection/storage/control (60%) Emergency communications (73%) Facilities/property management (57%) Records/report distribution (62%) Vehicle management (50%) Internal affairs (60%) However, a substantial number of the departments reported that their performance on some of these activities was only “moderately effective.” One-half of the eleven departments reported that they are “moderately effective” at establishing mutual aid agreements with local law enforcement and at vehicle management. About 40% of departments reported being only “moderately effective” at records/report distribution, internal affairs, evidence collection/storage/control, and facilities/property management. One department reported that its performance of the activity emergency communications was only “slightly/not very effective” and cited a lack of personnel and financial resources as a factor. Summary: Activities Performed by Community Colleges with a Sworn Police Department Table 7 summarizes how often the various activities were reported as being performed by community colleges with a sworn police department. Table 7 Activities Currently Being Performed by Community Colleges with a Sworn Police Department (11 Institutions) All (100%) institutions perform these activities: Crime prevention Patrol operations Assist motorists on campus roadways Campus escort services Critical incident management planning Emergency phones/alarms/surveillance systems Physical security/access control Preserve a safe, orderly campus/enforce law and university policy Emergency communications Fiscal management Personnel administration Publish reports/statistics Weapons management/storage/control 75% - 99% of the institutions perform these activities: Investigative services Traffic collision investigation Public information/education Community relations Transporting detainees Victims services Traffic direction/control Athletic/special event/crowd management Traffic/parking services In-service training/education for officers Internal affairs Vehicle management Title IX compliance Evidence collection/storage/control 50% - 74% of the institutions perform these activities: Traffic engineering Community involvement Communications/dispatch/crime reporting Facilities/property management Records/reports distribution Traffic safety education Mutual aid agreements with local law enforcement Records management 25% - 49% of institutions perform these Juvenile detention Processing detainees Special investigative operations
frequent reasons cited for only “slightly/not very effective” performance on certain activities were lack of financial and personnel resources. Table 9 summarizes the activities currently being performed by institutions with nonsworn security departments. Table 9 Activities Currently Being Performed by Institutions with Nonsworn Security Departments (13 Institutions) All (100%) institutions perform these activities: Patrol operations Physical security/access control 75% - 99% of institutions perform these activities: Campus escort services Emergency phones/alarms/surveillance systems Publish reports/statistics Records management Emergency communications Assist motorists on campus roadways Critical incident management planning In-service training/education for officers Personnel administration Athletic/special event/crowd management Preserve a safe campus, enforce the law and university policy Traffic direction/control Traffic/parking services 50% - 74% of institutions perform these activities: Victims services Crime prevention Investigative services Community involvement Community relations Fiscal management Communications/dispatch/crime reporting Records/reports distribution Title IX compliance Public information/education 25% - 49% of institutions perform these activities: Mutual aid agreements with local law enforcement Vehicle management Internal affairs Facilities/property management Traffic collision investigation Fewer than 25% of institutions perform these activities: Special investigative operations Transporting detainees Processing detainees Juvenile detention Evidence collection/storage/control Weapons management/storage/control Traffic engineering Traffic safety education Activities above are from IACLEA Accreditation Standards Manual, CAS Self-Assessment Guide for Campus Police and Security Programs, and CALEA Campus Security Standards Manual Not surprisingly, institutions that rely on nonsworn security departments rather than a sworn police department report performing the fewest number of the potential core minimum operational functions presented in the survey. Of the 38 activities presented, only four (patrol operations, physical security/access control, assist motorists on campus roadways, and critical incident management planning) were reported as performed by all 13 of the institutions. Thirteen of the 38 activities presented were performed by fewer than 25% of the institutions with nonsworn security departments.