D2D Device-to-Device (D2D) DMO Direct Mode Operation EMC Electromagnetic compatibility EMI Electro Magnetic Interference EMP Electromagnetic Protection EPC Evolved packet core ESD Electrostatic-sensitive device E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network GIS Geographic Information Systems HAZMAT Hazardous materials IMT International Mobile Telecommunications (includes IMT-2000 and IMTAdvanced) IP Internet protocol IPSec Internet protocol security LMR Land mobile radio LTE Long term evolution Mission Critical Push-To-Talk MIMO Multiple-input multiple-output MPLS Multi protocol label switching MS Mobile station OAM Operation, administration and maintenance OFDMA Orthogonal frequency division multiple access OPEX Operational expenditure P25 Project 25 Narrow-band radio interface standard for use by PPDR operations source developed by TIA PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PPDR Public protection and disaster relief ProS Proximity Services (ProSe) is direct terminal to terminal communications in LTE PSAP Public service answering points PWS Public Warning System QoS Quality of service RAN RADIO ACCESS NETWORK SISO single-output SON Self-organizing network TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) system. Standard developed by ETSI UE User equipment VoIP protocol VoLTE Voice over LTE VPN Virtual private network
Image transfer Download/ upload of compressed still images Biometrics (finger prints, facial recognition) Supported; Rel. Independent ID picture (car number plate recognition) Supported; Rel. Independent Building layout maps Supported; Rel. Independent Telemetry Location status and sensory data Vehicle status Supported; Rel. Independent OTAP Over the air programming UE programming through the air Supported in R13 Security Priority access Critical care Supported; Rel. Independent Download/ upload compressed Video clips Supported; Rel. Independent Patient monitoring (may require dedicated link) Supported; Rel. Independent Video feed of in-progress incident Supported; Rel. Independent Interactive Location determination 2-way system Supported; Rel. Independent Interactive location data Supported; Rel. Independent Direct mode operation of video and data Direct unit to unit video and data communication without infrastructure Direct handset to handset, localized command and control Enabled in R12 (enabled via L3 network, no standard for mission critical video or data yet) Privacy Security Data encryption/scrambling Supported in R13 TABLE 2 (end) Application Feature PPDR Example Support and 3GPP Release Number Database access Intranet/Internet access Accessing architectural plans of buildings, location of hazardous materials Supported; Rel. Independent Web browsing Browsing directory of PPDR organization for phone number Supported; Rel. Independent Robotics control Remote control of robotic devices Bomb retrieval robots, imaging/video robots Supported; Rel. Independent Video Video streaming, live video feed, of video clips, Video Conferencing Video communications from wireless clip-on cameras used by in building fire rescue Supported; Rel. Independent Image or video to assist remote medical support Supported; Rel. Independent Surveillance of incident by fixed or remote controlled robotic devices Supported; Rel. Independent
Assessment of fire/flood scenes from airborne platforms Supported; Rel. Independent Multi-scene video dispatch R12 (enabled via L3 network, no standard for mission critical video or data yet ) Multicast of Multimedia from a BS to multiple in a given area (e.g. Pt to MPt/Broadcast) Enabled in R9 (enabled via L3 network, no standard for mission critical video or data yet) Video conferencing 1 to 1, 1 to many, etc. Enabled in R12 (enabled via L3 network, no standard for mission critical video or data yet) Encrypted video streaming Enabled in R12 (enabled via L3 network, no standard for mission critical video or data yet) Real-time multimedia intelligence Real time optimization of video or other multimedia content Optimize the use of allocated bandwidth to support multiple video streams Enabled in R12 (no standard for mission critical video yet.) Imagery Download/ upload High resolution imagery Downloading Earth images Supported; Rel. Independent Real-time medical imaging Supported; Rel. Independent TABLE 3 PPDR requirements User requirement Specifics Support and 3GPP Release Number 1. System Support and integration of multiple applications Integration of multiple applications (e.g. voice and low/medium speed data) at high speed network to service localized areas with intensive in scene activity Supported; Rel. Independent Simultaneous use of multiple applications Voice and data Supported; Rel. Independent Multicast and unicast services Supported; Rel. Independent Real time instant messaging Supported; Rel. Independent Mobile office functions Enabled (there is no specific office function 3GPP standard); Rel. Independent VPN services Supported; Rel. Independent Telemetry Enabled (there is no specific telemetry function 3GPP standard); Rel. Independent
Vehicular repeaters (NB and WB) for coverage of localized areas/transportable site Supported; Rel. Independent Reliable indoor/outdoor coverage including bidirectional amplifier (BDA) Supported; Rel. Independent Coverage of remote areas, underground and inaccessible areas including bi-directional amplifier (BDA) Supported; Rel. Independent Appropriate redundancy to continue operations, when equipment/infrastructure fails – Standalone site services Supported in R13 TABLE 3 (cont.) User requirement Specifics Support and 3GPP Release Number Capabilities Rapid dynamic reconfiguration of system Supported in R13 Control of communications including centralized dispatch, access control, dispatch (talk) group configuration, priority levels and pre-emption. Supported in R13 Robust OAM offering status and dynamic reconfiguration Supported; Rel. Independent Internet Protocol compatibility (complete system or interface with) Supported; Rel. Independent Robust equipment (hardware, software, operational and maintenance aspects) Supported; Rel. Independent Portable equipment (equipment that can transmit while in motion) Supported; Rel. Independent Equipment requiring special features such as high output, unique accessories (e.g. special microphones, operation while wearing gloves, operation in hostile environments and long battery life) Supported; Rel. Independent Fast call set-up and instant push-to-talk (PTT) group call operation Supported in R13 Location services Supported; Rel. Independent Communications to aircraft and marine equipment, control of robotic devices Supported; Rel. Independent One touch broadcasting/group call/ATG – announcement to all or some of talk groups and session establishment Supported; Rel. 13 Terminal-to-terminal communications without infrastructure (e.g. direct mode operations/talkaround), vehicular repeaters Supported; Rel. 13
Interoperability Intra-system: Facilitate the use of common network channels and/or talk groups Supported in R13 Promote and facilitate the options common between systems Not Supported Coordinate tactical communications between on-scene or incident commanders of the multiple PPDR agencies Partially Supported in R13, subject to agencies using the same PLMN network and PLMN server 5. Spectrum usage and management Share with other terrestrial mobile users Supported; Rel. Independent Suitable spectrum availability (NB, WB, BB channels) Supported Minimize interference to PPDR systems Supported Increased efficiency in use of spectrum Supported Appropriate channel spacing between mobile and base station frequencies Supported TABLE 3 (cont.) User requirement Specifics Support and 3GPP Release Number 6. Regulatory compliance Comply with relevant national regulations Supported Coordination of frequencies in border areas Supported Provide capability of PPDR system to support extended coverage into neighbouring country (subject to agreements) Supported Ensure flexibility to use various types of systems in other Services (e.g. HF, satellites, amateur) at the scene of large emergency Supported Adherence to principles of the Tampere Convention Supported 7. Planning Reduce reliance on dependencies (e.g. power supply, batteries, fuel, antennas, etc.) Supported As required, have readily available equipment (inventoried or through facilitation of greater quantities of equipment) Supported Provision to have national, state/provincial and local (e.g. municipal) systems Supported Pre-coordination and pre-planning activities (e.g. specific channels identified for use during disaster relief operation, not on a permanent, exclusive basis, but on a priority basis during periods of need) Supported Maintain accurate and detailed information so that PPDR can access this information at the scene Supported
Integration and Simultaneous use of multiple applications Integration of multiple applications (e.g. Voice, data and video) on high speed network to service localized areas with intensive “at scene” activity Supported; Rel. Independent video transmission Supported; Rel. Independent Quality of service (see Table 4 below) support of a prioritized range of services Supported; Rel. Independent Guaranteed throughput Supported; Rel. Independent session set up Supported; Rel. Independent Coverage RAN utilize maximum frequency reuse efficiency. Supported; Rel. Independent Vehicular repeaters (Broadband) for coverage of localized areas/transportable site Supported; Rel. Independent 3 (cont.) User requirement Specifics Support and 3GPP Release Number Capabilities Network system level management capability Supported; Rel. Independent Network to perform basic self-recovery, expediting service restoration and a return to redundant operations. Supported; Rel. Independent Packet data capability Supported; Rel. Independent deployment capability – Infrastructure and terminals Supported; Rel. Independent The Network shall provide seamless coverage (via handoff/handover mechanisms) and continuous connectivity within the 95th percentile coverage area at stationary and vehicular speeds up to 120 kph. Supported; Rel. Independent A single common air interface (CAI) shall be utilized for the mobile broadband network. Supported; Rel. Independent Mobile/portable station nominal transmit power shall be 0.25W ERP (24 dBm) and shall not exceed 3 W ERP (34.8 dBm) in rural areas for portable devices. Different UE power classes are specified, including at least one that satisfies the requirement Support 24-hour and 7 days-a-week (24/7) support for and user equipment Supported; Rel. Independent The network operations centre to operate on a 24x7x365 basis Supported; Rel. Independent 24/7 operations including field based support as necessary to maintain the availability of the network. In all cases, 24/7 access to call centre support for issue resolution and assistance is also required Supported; Rel. Independent
Interoperability Interoperable/Interconnection with narrowband trunked systems. Interconnection required with: – Inter RF subsystem Interface Voice service and Supplementary services – Console supplementary Interface Voice service and Supplementary services Supported; Rel. Independent Interoperable/Interconnection with other broadband systems Supported in R8 Interoperable/Interconnection with satellite systems Not Supported Interconnection with other information systems Supported; Rel. Independent Interfaces that interconnect to other communication systems Supported; Rel. Independent API compatible with standard interfaces Enabled; Rel. Independent TABLE 3 (end) User requirement Specifics Support and 3GPP Release Number Appropriate levels of interconnection to public telecommunication network(s) – Fixed and mobile Supported; Rel. Independent Spectrum usage and management Dynamic spectrum allocation Supported; Rel. Independent Suitable spectrum availability (Broadband channels for uploads at maximum data rates) Supported; Rel. Independent Reallocation of upstream and downstream rates Supported; Rel. Independent TABLE 4 Capabilities provided under Localized Communication Services Localized Communication Services: D2D/DMO/ Isolated Base Station/Relayed Mode Support and 3GPP Release Number Topology – Isolated or Connected to Core Voice Person-to-person Supported in R13 One-to-many Supported in R13 Push-to-talk Supported in R13 Priority Supported in R13 Encryption Supported in R13 Emergency PTT Supported in R13 Multimedia (V+V+D) Person-to-person Enabled in R12 One-to-many Enabled in R12 Push-to-MM Enabled in R12 Priority Enabled in R12 Encryption Enabled in R12