OPPORTUNITIES THREATS 3.6 Energy, transport and communication networks Overview of Black Sea Basin energy exchanges and networks The transport of oil and gas across the Black Sea is a major activity, mainly via tankers that sail from the oil ports of Novorossiysk and Tuapse (Russia), Odesa (Ukraine) and Poti and Batumi (Georgia) – see figure 28 below. On the western shore, the European Union has only one major port, Constanta (Romania). Figure 28. Regional oil infrastructure map, 2007 The oil ports of Ukraine, Russia and Georgia are all terminals for oil and gas pipelines from the Caspian Sea. In the south, an oil pipeline that originates in Baku (Azerbaijan) crosses Georgia and Anatolia before reaching the Turkish port of Ceyhan on the Mediterranean (see figure 28 above). The Blue Stream gas pipeline runs under the Black Sea to connect Tuapse (Russia) with Samsun (Turkey). This network of pipelines is expected to expand in the future. Several projects are also underway for the integration of electricity grids around the Black Sea, potentially reducing vulnerability as well as consumer prices for electricity. Overview of Black Sea Basin transport infrastructure Economic development in the Black Sea countries, in particular rising foreign trade, gave a great push to the organization and development of a regional Black Sea transport system. The total cargo turnover for the ports of Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, Romania and Ukraine between 2000 and 2007 increased more than twice and at
Cross-border cooperation is hampered by an unstable political situation in some regions and/or by regional conflicts H M Eligibility of some regions may be suspended, transfer of funds to some regions may be suspended EC, MA, NA EU sluggish growth and continuing problems emanating from the debt crisis limit further economic recovery in BSB and development of business and entrepreneurship M L Programmatic and Institutional Risks ENI CBC new management and implementation modalities result in delays in programme start-up and implementation H M Identify potential bottlenecks, then enhance capacity, ensure sufficient resources and/or support adaptation of procedures as needed to speed up programme implementation AA, JMC, MA, JTS, NA, EC Decreasing interest from applicants in ENI CBC because of lengthy procedures for selection/contracting and grant payment L L More efficient and timely procedures are put in place MA, JTS, JMC Difficulties in finding partners limits countries balanced participation in the programme M L Provide improved partner search tools and opportunities MA, JTS, NA Limited capacity (including financial) of project partners hampers project implementation M L Communication is strengthened and additional trainings are provided to enhance project management capacity of partners, project and adequate pre-financing issues are addressed if necessary MA, JTS, NA, JMC Projects partners face implementation difficulties because of slow grant payment procedures M M Procedures are revised and improved MA, JTS, NA, CCP Financial losses at programme level resulting from fraud or financial mismanagement M L Monitor and ensure that anti-fraud mechanisms put in place and programme audit and control measures function effectively, improve them as necessary MA, AA, JTS, NA, EC 5.6 Programme logical framework The BSB programme logical framework presented in the following pages provides an overview of the strategy defisnition, including programme intervention logic, indicators of achievement and risks.