Indiana Academic Standards for Physics II Standards Resource Guide Document This Teacher Resource Guide has been developed to provide supporting materials to help educators successfully implement the Indiana Academic Standards for Physics II. These resources are provided to help you in your work to ensure all students meet the rigorous learning expectations set by the Academic Standards. Use of these resources is optional – teachers should decide which resource will work best in their school for their students. This resource document is a living document and will be frequently updated. Please send any suggested and report broken links to: Jarred Corwin Secondary Science Specialist The resources, clarifying statements, and vocabulary in this document are for illustrative purposes only, to promote a base of clarity and common understanding. Each item illustrates a standard but please note that the resources, clarifying statements, and vocabulary are not intended to limit interpretation or classroom applications of the standards. Standard 1: Energy and Momentum in Two Dimensions Indiana Academic Standard Clarifying Statement Highlighted Vocabulary Words from the Standard Defined Crosscutting Concept PII.1.1 For a system consisting of a single object with a net external applied, qualitatively and quantitatively predict changes in its linear momentum using the theorem and in its translational kinetic energy using the work-energy theorem. Net external force – overall force exerted on an object by another object Qualitatively – observation/description Quantitatively – numerical data Linear momentum – vector quantity defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity Impulse momentum theorem – net force acts on an object, impulse of the net force is equal to the change in momentum of the object Translational kinetic energy – the energy due to motion from one location to another Work – energy theorem – work done by all forces acting on a particle equals the change in the particle's kinetic energy Energy and matter
PII.1.2 For a system consisting of a two objects with no net external forces applied, qualitatively and quantitatively analyze a two dimensional interaction (i.e. collision or separation) to show that the linear momentum of the system remains constant. Two- dimensional – having only two dimensions (such as length and width or the x and y axis for movement). Energy and matter proportion, and quantity PII.1.3 For a system consisting of two objects moving in two dimensions with no net external forces applied, apply the principles of conservation of linear momentum and of mechanical energy to quantitatively predict changes in the linear momentum, velocity, and kinetic energy after the interaction between the two objects. Mechanical energy – ability to do work Velocity – speed and direction Kinetic energy – energy that a body possesses by virtue of in motion Energy and matter proportion, and quantity PII.1.4 Classify interactions between two objects moving in two dimensions as elastic, inelastic and completely inelastic. Inelastic – part of the kinetic energy is changed to some form of energy Elastic – no loss of kinetic energy Completely inelastic – maximum amount of kinetic energy of a system is converted into other energy Energy and matter Scale, proportion, and quantity Standard 2: Temperature and Thermal Energy Transfer
PII.3.2 Qualitatively and quantitatively determine how the density of fluid or volume of fluid displaced is related to the force due to buoyancy acting on either a floating or submerged object as described by Archimedes’ principle of buoyancy. Buoyancy – upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object Floating – rest or move on or near the surface of a liquid without sinking Submerged – cause to be under water Archimedes principle – upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces Systems and system models PII.3.3 Develop and the principle of constant volume flow rate to determine the relationship between area of a pipe and the velocity of an incompressible fluid flowing through a pipe. Flow rate – volume of fluid which passes per unit time Pipe – tube of plastic, or other material used to convey water, gas, oil, or other fluid substances Velocity – speed of something in a given direction Energy and matter Scale, proportion, and quantity PII.3.4 Develop and apply Bernoulli’s principle and continuity equations to predict changes in the speed and pressure of a moving incompressible fluid. Bernoulli’s principle – increase in the velocity of a stream of results in a decrease in pressure Continuity equations – volume of flowing through the hose per unit time (i.e. the flow rate at the left must be equal to the flow rate at the right or in fact anywhere along the hose/pipe Energy and matter Scale, proportion, and quantity PII.3.5 Describe how a change in the pressure of as static in an enclosed container is transmitted equally in all directions (Pascal’s Principle) and apply Pascal’s Principle to determine the mechanical advantage of a hydraulic system. Pascal’s Principle – pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid Mechanical advantage – the ratio of output force to the input force applied to a mechanism Energy and matter Scale, proportion, and quantity Standard 4: Electricity
PII.5.5 Explain and analyze simple arrangements of electrical components in series and parallel DC circuits in terms of current, resistance, voltage and power. Use Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws to analyze DC circuits. DC circuits – type of circuit with direct current Energy and matter Scale, proportion, and quantity Standard 6: Magnetism Indiana Academic Standard Clarifying Statement Highlighted Vocabulary Words from the Standard Defined Crosscutting Concept PII.6.1 Describe the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic materials on a macroscopic scale and atomic scale. Ferromagnetic – high susceptibility to magnetization Paramagnetic – very weakly attracted by the poles of a magnet Diamagnetic – tending to become magnetized in a direction at 180° to the applied magnetic Energy and matter Scale, proportion, and quantity PII.6.2 Develop and apply a mathematical representation that describes the relationship between the magnetic field created by a long straight wire carrying an electric current, the magnitude of the current, and the distance to the wire. Energy and matter PII.6.3 Describe the motion of a charged or uncharged particle through a uniform magnetic field. Energy and matter Pattern
PII.8.1 Develop graphical, mathematical, and pictorial representations (e.g. ray diagrams) that describe the relationships between the focal length, the image distance and the object distance for planar, converging, and diverging mirrors and apply those representations to qualitatively and quantitatively describe how changing the object distance affects the image distance. Planar – mirror with a flat (planar) reflective surface Converging – reflecting surface that bulges inward Diverging mirrors – curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges toward the light source Energy and matter Cause and effect PII.8.2 Develop graphical, mathematical, and pictorial representations (e.g. ray diagrams) that describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction of monochromatic passed between two different media and apply those representations to qualitatively and quantitatively describe how changing the angle of incidence affects the angle of refraction. Angles of incidence – angle that an incident line or ray makes with a perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence Angles of refraction – made by a refracted ray with a perpendicular to the refracting surface Energy and matter Cause and effect
PII.9.6 Develop graphical and mathematical representations that describe the relationship between the angle between two polarizing filters and the intensity of light passed through the filters from an unpolarized light source and apply those representations to qualitatively and quantitatively describe how changing the angle between polarizing filters affects the intensity of light passing through both filters. Unpolarized light - light waves in which the vibrations occur in more than a single plane Energy and matter and effect Standard 10: Modern Physics Indiana Academic Standard Clarifying Statement Highlighted Vocabulary from the Standard Defined Crosscutting Concept PII.10.1 Describe the Standard Model and explain the composition and decay of subatomic particles using the Standard Model and Feynman diagrams. Subatomic particles – particle smaller than an atom Standard model –mathematical description of the elementary particles of matter and the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces by which they interact Feynman diagrams – diagram showing electromagnetic interactions between subatomic particles Stability and change Structure and function PII.10.2 Explain the stability of the nucleus considering the electromagnetic repulsion in the nucleus and how forces govern binding energy and radioactive decay for different elements. Electromagnetic repulsion – acts between charged particles and is the combination of all electrical and magnetic forces Nucleus – positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and containing nearly all its mass Stability and change