1. List of functional traits measured in the candidate species for the Liko Nā Pilina experiment. Functional Trait Biological Significance Trait Range Source of Data Leaf-to-petiole ratio acquisition, 2.81 - 200.00 Measured Leaf thickness (mm) Resource acquisition, longevity, resource use 0.17 - 1.40 Measured Leaf mass per area (g/m2) Photosynthesis, resource availability, longevity 8.24 - 469.22 Measured Leaf N Percentage (%) Concentration of RuBisCO, photosynthesis, fast to slow strategies 0.55 - 2.25 Measured Leaf C Percentage (%) Leaf construction, resource use 32.62 - 49.63 Measured Leaf C:N Leaf longevity, fast to slow strategies 14.82 - 79.78 Measured Leaf P (%) Leaf quality trace - 0.30 Measured Wood density/Specific gravity (g/cm3) Diameter growth rate, mortality rate, hydraulic capacity, carbon storage 0.16 - 1.51 Measured Instantaneous water-use efficiency Water use efficiency, resource use and acquisition 42.26 - 154.16 Calculated Plant height at maturity (m) Competitive plant fecundity, light acquisition 5-30 Bibliographic Seed mass (g) Dispersal, longevity, survival <0.01 - 2.50 Bibliographic Leaf area (cm2) Photosynthetic capacity, resource allocation 2.8 - >1000 Measured Leaf water content (%) Resource use and allocation, fast-slow strategies 2.59 - 85.9 Measured Staturea Dispersal, longevity, carbon storage 1-3 Observation Canopy architectureb Light interception, stability 1-3 Observation avertical position in the forest (1 = understory, 2 = mid-story, 3 = overstory) bclustering of branches relative to the canopy (1 = bottom, 2 = middle, 3 = top)
nitrogen (formatted as kg C/kg N). This trait is connected with all restoration goals. For more information, please see Pugnaire & Valladares (1999). 4.2.26 Fine root dry mass per plant Fine root dry mass per plant is the amount of roots in kilograms (kg/plant). This trait is connected with all restoration goals. For more information, please see Pugnaire & Valladares (1999). 4.2.27 Flavonoids Flavonoids are chemical compounds associated with nitrogen fixation, pollinator attraction, and photosynthesis. In REST, flavonoids are measured as a percent (%) of the noted the measured flavonoid(s). This trait is related to all restoration goals. For more information, please see Pugnaire & Valladares (1999). 4.2.28 Flowering period length Flowering period length is the number of days (d) a plant produced flowers. This trait is related to successional facilitation. 4.2.29 Freeze exposure Freeze exposure refers to a plant's ability to withstand freezing conditions, defined as temperatures consistently below 32° Fahrenheit (0° Celsius) prior to plant death. In REST, freeze exposure is measured in hours (h) and is associated with the goals of carbon storage and successional facilitation. Please see Fitter & Hay (2002) for more information. 4.2.30 mass mass is the amount of an individual fruit of a given plant species. This is measured in grams (g) and is related to successional facilitation. 4.2.31 Germination time Germination time is the number of days (d) a plant reproductive unit (such as a seed or spore) takes to sprout. Germination is related to successional facilitation. Please see Fitter & Hay (2002) for more information. 4.2.32 Heat tolerance Heat tolerance refers to a plant's ability to withstand temperature conditions above its upper limit. In REST, heat tolerance is measured in hours (h) and is associated with all restoration goals. Please see Fitter & Hay (2002) for more information. 4.2.33 Instantaneous water use efficiency
Specific leaf area is the mass in grams of a given square millimeter of leaf area (expressed as mm^2 g^-1 in REST). This trait is related to carbon storage, drought tolerance, and successional facilitation. For more information, please see Pugnaire & Valladares (1999). 4.2.102 Stem conduit diameter Stem conduit diameter refers to the size in micrometers of stem portions (expressed as µm in REST). This trait is related to drought tolerance. For more information, please see Pugnaire & Valladares (1999). 4.2.103 Stem cross-sectional area Stem area refers to the area in square micrometers of fluid-conducting stem portions (expressed as µm^2 in REST). This trait is related to drought tolerance. For more information, please see Pugnaire and Valladares (1999). 4.2.104 Stem diameter Stem diameter is measured in millimeters (mm). Stem diameter is related to all restoration goals. For more information, please see Pugnaire & Valladares (1999). 4.2.105 Stem length Stem length is measured in millimeters (mm) and is related to all restoration For more information, please see Pugnaire & Valladares (1999). 4.2.106 Stem respiration rate (stem volume) Stem respiration rate (stem volume) refers to the exchange of plant gases via stem tissues over a given volume (expressed as µmol m-3s-1 in REST). This trait is related to carbon storage and drought tolerance. For more information, please see Pugnaire & Valladares (1999). 4.2.107 Stem respiration rate (surface area) Stem respiration rate (surface area) refers to the exchange of plant gases via stem tissues over a given area (expressed as µmol m-2s-1 in REST). This trait is related to carbon storage and drought tolerance. For more information, please see Pugnaire & Valladares (1999). 4.2.108 Stem volume Stem volume is measured in cubic millimeters (mm^3 in REST). This trait is related to carbon storage, drought tolerance, and fire tolerance. For more information, please see Pugnaire & Valladares (1999). 4.2.109 Stomata conductance per leaf area