Field strength values are presented for 1%, 5% and 10% of time. No aggregation (summation) of field strength has been used. The plots for the case studies show the highest field strength in each pixel of calculation 2.2.1.2.4 Analysis 2.2.1.2.4.1 Generic study Figure 5 the basic configuration for the assessment of the separation distance between interfering DTTB transmitter and victim IMT base-station receiver (uplink). 5 Basic configuration for the assessment of separation distance between interfering DTTB transmitter and victim IMT base-station receiver (uplink) For this generic study, only Recommendation ITU-R P.1546 was used. There is no point in using other methods based on terrain for generic studies. The separation distances were calculated for all the field strength thresholds calculated in Table 14, which correspond to two different levels of protection and to the possible use of cross polarisation as a mitigation technique (or alternatively the use of full antenna discrimination). Finally, the prediction was made for percentages of time, 1%, 5% and 10% to consider also a range of protection levels in terms of acceptable time percentage for the interference. The DTTB coverage radius corresponding to the two reference transmitters are: – 70.53 km for the high transmitter (HP); – 32.11 km for the medium power transmitter (MP). TABLE 15 Required separation distances between interfering DTTB transmitter and victim IMT base-station receiver (uplink) e.r.p. Antenna height (m) Target Field Strength (dB(µV/m)) 1% time 5% time 10% time Comment 200 kW 300 19.3 427 355 318 I/N of –6 dB 200 kW 300 25.3 359 290 258 I/N of 0 dB 200 kW 300 31.1 297 235 207 Cross polar and I/N of –6 dB 200 kW 300 37.1 235 183 159 polar and I/N of 0 dB 5 kW 150 19.3 269 215 192 I/N of –6 dB 5 kW 150 25.3 211 167 148 I/N of 0 dB 5 kW 150 31.1 161 126 110 Cross polar and I/N of –6 dB 5 kW 150 37.1 117 89 76 Cross polar and I/N of 0 dB
territory, or within the boundaries of populated sites taken from hi-resolution digital map of relevant region ("Within PS"). 2.3.1.1.1.4 Results Protection ratios for wanted signals of digital terrestrial television DVB-T2, interfered with by broadband equipment sample 1 emissions Protection ratios were measured for three different receivers operating in the DVB-T2 mode: – ORIEL 810 – Table 18; – GENERAL SATELLITE TE8714 – Table 19; – ROHDE & SCHWARZ test equipment – Tables 20, 21 and 22. 18 Protection ratios (dB) for DVB-T2 (Oriel 810 receiver) interfered with by wireless broadband access system DVB-T2 signal power at the receiver input –60 dBm –50 dBm –40 dBm Channel Protection (dB) Protection ratio (dB) Protection ratio (dB) N – 14 –41 –35.5 – N – 13 –40 –35 – N – 12 –40 –35 – N – 11 –39 –35 – N – 10 –39 –35 – N – 9 –38 –35 – N – 8 –38 –35 – N – 7 –38 –34.5 – N – 6 –38 –34 – N – 5 –38 –34 – N – 4 –38 –33.5 – N – 3 –38 –33 – N – 2 –37.5 –32.5 –31 N – 1 –39.5 –29.5 –25 N 16 16 15 N + 1 –37 –29.5 –25 N + 2 –37.5 –33 –31 N + 3 –38 –32 – N + 4 –38 –33 – N + 5 –38.5 –34 –
19 Protection ratios (dB) for DVB-T2 (General Satellite TE8714) interfered with by wireless broadband access equipment DVB-T2 signal power at the receiver input –70 dBm –60 dBm –50 dBm -40 dBm Channel Protection ratio (dB) Protection ratio (dB) Protection ratio (dB) Protection (dB) N – 14 –43.5 –42.5 –45.5 – N – 13 –43 –42 –45 – N – 12 –43 –42 –45 – N – 11 –43 –42 –45 – N – 10 –43 –42 –45 – N – 9 –43 –42 –45 – N – 8 –43 –42 –45 – N – 7 –43 –42 –38.5 – N – 6 –43 –42 –39 – N – 5 –42.5 –41.5 –39 – N – 4 –42 –41.5 –39 – N – 3 –42 –41 –39 – N – 2 –41 –41 –39 – N – 1 –34 –35.5 –31 –26 N 18 16 16 16 N + 1 –35 –35 –30 –23 N + 2 –40 –41 –40 –30 N + 3 –41 –41 –36.5 – N + 4 –41 –41.5 –41 – N + 5 –41.5 –42 –42 – 20 Protection ratios (dB) for DVB-T2 (Rohde & Schwarz test receiver) interfered with by wireless broadband access equipment DVB-T2 signal power at the receiver input –50 dBm Channel Protection ratio (dB) N – 14 –40 N – 13 –40 N – 12 –40 N – 11 –40 N – 10 –40
23 Measured protection ratios for the case of interference to DTV No. of measurement Date TV Frequency (MHz) TV channel TV. Programme Use of TV amplifier. STB Signal at the TV antenna input (dB(µV/m)) Interference at the TV antenna input (dB(µV/m)) Actual (dB) Frequency spacing (fInterf (MHz) Interference scenario (interference channel) Calculated protection ratio (lab test) (dB) Wireless broadband access frequency (MHz) Wireless access e.r.p. (dBm) 34 06.03.2013 546 30 1 multiplex (DVB-T2) No. General Satellite 52 97 –45 96 N + 12 -43 642 30 106 07.03.2013 546 30 1 multiplex (DVB-T2) No. Oriel 53 95 –42 96 N + 12 -42 642 30 107 07.03.2013 546 30 1 multiplex (DVB-T2) No. General Satellite 53 95 –42 96 N + 12 -43 642 30 108 07.03.2013 546 30 1 multiplex (DVB-T2) No. General Satellite 57 99 –42 96 N + 12 -43 642 30 109 07.03.2013 546 30 1 multiplex (DVB-T2) No. Oriel 57 99 –42 96 N + 12 -42 642 30 105 07.03.2013 546 30 1 multiplex (DVB-T2) No. Oriel 53 99 –46 –16 N – 2 -42 530 30
Separation distances required to meet the compatibility conditions Separation distance between the transmitting end-UE and the broadcasting receiving antenna determined for broadcasting service fixed reception in rural environment for the line of sight conditions. The calculation was performed for different levels of out-of-band emissions (OOBE). Corresponding separation distances are shown in Table 24. 24 Required separation distances end-user equipment and the broadcasting receiving antenna determined for broadcasting service fixed reception in rural environment for the line of sight conditions Channel Protection ratio for 90th receivers percentile (dB) Separation distance for OOBE dBm/ 8 MHz (m) Separation distance for OOBE –46 dBm/ 8 MHz (m) Separation distance for OOBE –56 dBm/ 8 MHz (m) N – 14 –35 725 190 180 N – 13 –35 725 190 180 N – 12 –35 725 190 180 N – 11 –35 725 190 180 N – 10 –35 725 190 180 N – 9 –35 725 190 180 N – 8 –35 725 190 180 N – 7 –34 752 276 270 N – 6 –34 752 276 270 N – 5 –34 752 276 270 N – 4 –33 785 357 352 N – 3 –33 785 357 352 N – 2 –32 825 437 433 N – 1 –29 995 708 705 N + 1 –29 995 708 705 N + 2 –33 785 357 352 N + 3 –32 825 437 433 N + 4 –33 785 357 352 N + 5 –34 752 276 270 Analysis of trial results The results showed the following: – It is necessary to have separation distance between transmitting antennas of wireless broadband access system and TV broadcasting receiving antennas to achieve electromagnetic compatibility between wireless broadband access system and terrestrial TV broadcasting system. The required separation can range from 180 to 995 m (equipment was 25 TABLE
Gain pattern F.1336 recommends 3.1 F.1336 recommends 3.1 F.1336 recommends 3.1 ka 0.7 0.7 0.7 kp 0.7 0.7 0.7 kh 0.7 0.7 0.7 kv 0.3 0.3 0.3 k n/a n/a n/a Horizontal beamwidth 65 degrees 65 degrees 65 degrees Downtilt –3 degrees –3 degrees –3 degrees Transmitter 16 dBW 16 dBW 16 dBW Activity factor 3 dB 3 dB 3 dB Signal bandwidth 10.0 MHz 10.0 MHz 10.0 MHz Channel spacing 10.0 MHz 10.0 MHz 10.0 MHz Feeder loss 3 dB 3 dB 3 dB ACLR 1st adjacent 45 dB 45 dB 45 dB 2nd adjacent 45 dB 45 dB 45 dB Spurious 54 dB 54 dB 54 dB 2 IMT user equipment characteristics Parameter urban Macro suburban rural Deployment Percent indoor 70% 70% 70% User equipment Antenna Height 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m Frequency range 470-698 MHz 470-698 MHz 470-698 MHz Peak gain –3 dBi –3 dBi –3 dBi Gain pattern ND ND ND Transmitter Maximum power –7 dBW –7 dBW –7 dBW Minimum power –39 dBW –39 dBW –28 dBW Signal bandwidth 10.0 MHz 10.0 MHz 10.0 MHz Channel spacing 10.0 MHz 10.0 MHz 10.0 MHz Feeder loss 0 dB 0 dB 0 dB Power control Handover margin 3 dB 3 dB 3 dB Balancing factor (gamma) 1.0 1.0 1.0
4 Parameters used to determine IMT base-station relative antenna gain due to antenna downtilt Parameter Azimuth angle 0 degrees Elevation angle 0 degrees Horizontal 3 dB beamwidth 65 degrees Vertical 3 dB beamwidth 9.1 degrees k 0.3 Downtilt 3 degrees Average relative gain –1.9 dB Peak relative gain –1.22 dB 3.2.3 Additional parameters The following additional parameters are used to determine separation distances: – Broadcasting protection criteria, I/N = –10 dB. For specific application scenarios, directivity discrimination may be considered. Report ITUR BT.2265 provides methodologies for discrimination as well as multiple interferers. It should be noted that multiple interferers on various DTTB frequencies may be significant. It has been reported, that combinations of undesired signals can cause interference on a desired DTTB channel. For example, as reported, if the desired DTTB channel is N, signals on channels N + K and N + 2K, where K is an integer between 1 and 10, will combine to cause interference into the desired channel N. These results have confirmed with the observation of single and double interferers on frequencies near the DTTB channel. 4 Analysis 4.1 Assumptions – A single interferer is assumed. – Peak interference power is used since the minimum noise burst duration performance for the DTTB System A is 165 microseconds (per Recommendation ITU-R BT.2036). – Propagation curves for one percent time variability are used for interference thresholds. – Propagation over land is assumed; sea paths are not considered. – No specific terrain information is implied so a representative clutter height of 10 m is used. – Polarisation discrimination is not considered. – DTTB System A channel frequency for this study is 692 to 698 MHz. – DTTB elevation pattern per Recommendation ITU-R BT.419 does not impact the required separation distances between the IMT UE and a fixed DTTB receiving system for horizontal separations greater than 24 m.
horizons, it is unlikely that spectrum sharing between DTTB and IMT is possible within a given geographic location. 5 (to Section II) Study 5 – Mobile service as an interferer: interference from mobile service basestations into broadcasting service reception outside the GE06 area 1 Methods of calculation with formulas In order to estimate multiple adjacent channels cumulative effect of interference from IMT basestation to DTT in particular DVB-T system, following steps are done: – first, the field strength threshold of IMT base station is calculated using I/N criteria; – then, single base-station is evaluated and required separation distance to meet this value is calculated; – then a network of IMT consisting of several base-stations is constructed and cumulative effect is evaluated; – finally, required separation distance by considering cumulative effect is calculated. The above steps are further described in detail in following sections. 2 Calculations 2.1 strength threshold of IMT base station at different frequency offsets In order to calculate the field strength threshold of IMT base station at different frequency offsets, the I/N criterion I/N= –10 dB is used. The methodology is similar to what proposed in Report ITUR BT.2265 (Annex 1). Frequency offset is the separation between the channel centres of the IMT and DTT systems. Then, using protection ratios at different frequency offsets and assuming f(MHz) = 690 MHz, median effective interfering field strength threshold for a reception location probability of 95% (EINT) will be derived as shown in Table 1 below. 1 Interferer offset N/(MHz) PR PR (dB) EINT (dB(µV/m)) 1/(10 MHz) –25.7 51.3 2/(18 MHz) –21.9 47.5 3/(26 MHz) –24.9 50.5 4/(34 MHz) –28.9 54.5 5/(42 MHz) –32.8 58.4
6/(50 MHz) –35.0 60.6 7/(58 MHz) –37.8 63.4 8/(66 MHz) –38.9 64.5 9/(74 MHz) –39.2 64.8 2.2 Single base-station separation distance A base-station with nominal characteristics submitted by ITU-R is considered. The required separation distance is then calculated using Recommendation ITU-R P.1546, so that the 1% time field strength from base-station just reaches values of EINT as specified above. Table 2 shows the results. 2 Interferer offset N/(MHz) EINT (dB(µV/m)) Separation distance (km) 1/(10 MHz) 51.3 13.3 2/(18 MHz) 47.5 16.4 3/(26 MHz) 50.5 14 4/(34 MHz) 54.5 11.2 5/(42 MHz) 58.4 9 6/(50 MHz) 60.6 8 7/(58 MHz) 63.4 6.6 8/(66 MHz) 64.5 6.2 9/(74 MHz) 64.8 6.1 2.3 Case of several base-stations Now, a network consisting of several IMT base-stations is constructed at the two of above base-station and also behind it. All base-stations have nominal characteristics. The area is assumed as urban and cell size is one kilometre. Now the field strengths from each base-station in the extended IMT network is calculated at 2% time, and summed to give an accumulated field strength. The increase in field strength (cumulative effect) and final separation distance at which the total field strength (considering cumulative effect) would be equal to threshold value are presented in Table 3. 3 Results 3 Interferer offset N/(MHz) EINT (dB(µV/m)) Initial separation distance (km) Increase in field strength (Cumulative effect) (dB) Final separation distance (km) 1/(10 MHz) 51.3 13.3 15 35.2
3 Frequency parameters Parameter Value Unit Symbol Centre Frequency 695 MHz f Thermal noise (290K, 5.6 MHz) –106.5 dBm/5.6 MHz PN = 10log(kTB) + NF where: k : Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10–23 (J/K) T : noise temperature of the receiver (K). The propagation loss LP is given by the following equation: For d 0.04 km, For d  0.1 km, LP(0.1) = 69.5 + 26.66 log f(MHz) – 13.82 log [max(30, HTx(m))] – min(0,20log(HTx(m)/30) – {44.9 – 6.55 log[max(30, HTx(m))]}log (0.1). For 0.04 km < d < 0.1 km The total maximum e.i.r.p. of the MBB terminal is given by: where: PTx : transmitter output power of the MBB terminal GTx : MBB terminal antenna gain. The in-band interference seen by the victim DTTB receiver is given by: where: POOB : maximum OOB emission level of the MBB terminal at the DTTB receiving channel frequency, and GTot : coupling gain between the MBB terminal and the DTTB receiver. The study assumes –35, –45 and –55 dBm for the maximum OOB emission levels of the MBB terminal (POOB) at the DTTB receiving channel. The ACLR of 55, 65, and 75 dB are respectively required to achieve these OOB emission levels for PTx = 23 dBm and GTx = –3 dB. The adjacent channel interference power seen by the victim DTTB receiver is given by: The total coupling gain between the MBB terminal and the DTTB receiver is given by:
GRx : DTTB receive antenna gain including losses LWall : wall loss (= 0 dB), and LBody : body loss at the MBB terminal. The total interference power seen by the victim DTTB receiver is given by: From the above, I/N is calculated as follows: Table 4 gives an example of the calculation of separation distance for the case of POOB = –55 dB, PTx = –9 dBm and ACS = 80 dB. In case of this large ACS, the value of total interference power mostly depends on In-band interference power. 4 Example of the calculation to achieve I/N = –10 dB in POOB = –55 dBm, PTx = –9 dB, ACS = 80 dB Noise equivalent bandwidth B 5.6 MHz Noise figure: NF 7 dB Thermal noise (290K, 5.6 MHz): PN –106.5 dBm/5.6 MHz Total interference power: ITot –109.6 dBm In-band interference power: IIB –109.6 dBm Adjacent channel interference power: IAC –146.6 dBm Total coupling gain: GTot –54.6 dB Tx output PTx –9 dBm Tx antenna gain: GTx –3 dBi Tx e.i.r.p.: Pe.i.r.p –12 dBm Maximum OOB: POOB –55 dBm Rx adjacent channel selectivity: ACS 80 dB Rx antenna gain: GRx 2.15 dBi Wall loss: LWall 0 dB Tx Body loss: 4 dB Propagation loss: LP 52.8 dB Frequency: f 695 MHz Separation distance: d 15 m I/N –10.12 dB Tables 5, 6 and 7 summarise the calculations of the separation distances necessary to achieve the target I/N of –10 dB for the three different ACS and PTx assumptions. This I/N value is based on the Recommendation ITU-R BT.1895.
TABLE 5 Minimum separation distance to achieve I/N < –10 dB (Maximum OOB = –35 dBm) ACS = 40 dB ACS = 60 dB ACS = 80 dB PTx = 23 dBm (maximum 49 m 44 m 44 m PTx = 2 dBm (average power in macro rural scenarios) 44 m 44 m 44 m PTx = –9 dBm (average power in macro urban/ suburban scenarios) 44 m 44 m 44 m 6 Minimum separation distance to achieve I/N < –10 dB (Maximum OOB = –45 dBm) ACS = 40 dB ACS = 60 dB ACS = 80 dB PTx = 23 dBm (maximum power) 49 m 43 m 41 m PTx = 2 dBm (average power in macro rural scenarios) 43 m 41 m 41 m PTx = –9 dBm (average power in macro urban/ suburban scenarios) 41 m 41 m 41 m TABLE 7 Minimum separation distance to achieve I/N < –10 dB (Maximum OOB = –55 dBm) ACS = 40 dB ACS = 60 dB ACS = 80 dB PTx = 23 dBm (maximum power) 49 m 42 m 17 m PTx = 2 dBm (average power in macro rural scenarios) 42 m 17 m 15 m PTx = –9 dBm (average power in macro urban/ suburban scenarios) 15 m 15 m 15 m