Understand the structural analysis and build the institutional support mechanism for fostering learning and innovation, Stimulate interactions and knowledge exchange between the various actors in systems of innovation, Plan for the cluster initiatives and the cluster improvement policies, Strengthen the economic dynamism of existing clusters and to improving the opportunities for new clusters to emerge, Build unique profiles of specialized capabilities to strengthen the relative competitiveness in the global economy, APPENDIX 1 TABLE A1.1 Innovative efforts Production linkages Micro Diffusion of technologies and knowledge between Suppliers and buyers in a value added or production
firms, research institutions ,etc. chain of firms Meso Diffusion of technology and Knowledge between sectors Backward and forward linkages between sectors; partial analyses Macro A split up of the economic system in sectors that diffuse knowledge or technologies A split up of the economic system in sectors that form value added or production chains. SOURCE: ALEX HOEN TABLE A1.2 Level of analysis Cluster concept Focus of analysis National level (macro) Industry group linkages in the economy as a whole Specialisation patterns of a national/regional economy Need for innovation and upgrading of products and processes in mega-clusters Branch or industry level (meso) Inter- and intra-industry linkages in the different stages of the production chain of similar end product(s) SWOT and benchmark analysis of industries Exploring innovation needs Firm level (micro) Specialised suppliers around one or more core enterprises (inter-firm linkages) Strategic business development Chain analysis and chain management Development of collaborative innovation projects Source: Boosting innovation: the cluster approach, OECD proceedings, 1999 TABLE A1.3 Country Level of analysis Cluster technique Cluster concept micro meso macro I/O Case Other
TABLE A2.2 country REPRESENTATIVENESS OF Economy IO Structure Size of Business Regions survey Italy @ 1976 domestic requirement matrix;75 most integrated industries chosen Different sizes All regions adequately covered 35000 manufacturing business units Surveyed with more than 20 employees. France @ 1990 output domestic requirement matrix Different sizes Information available for Respondent’s business establishments’ locations allowing for the estimation of regional agglomeration 24,643 enterprises surveyed China @ 40X14 innovative activity 22x22 matrix Large & medium sized ----------------- 15000 units Canada @ 40x132 innovative interaction matrix Different sizes Five regions;the atlantic prairies & british columbia 2000 innovative outputs from 732 firms # Greece @ Recent available I/O Table * Very small The entire country 900 businesses
# the Canadian survey is representative of both Canadian businesses and innovative outputs. The Businesss here refers to a division of a firm or a single-industry firm. @ Please refer Table no. A2.1 for the representativeness of Economy *the final version of the text “locating innovative activities in semi industrialized Economy-Greece”was presented in 1993. APPENDIX 3 TABLE A3.1 Name Method Foundation Data Output Schmookler,1966 Compilation of intermediary technology flow matrix Scherer,1982 Compilation of intermediary technology flow matrix 1974 R&D expenditures & 1976-77 patent data,USA Technology flow matrix,41 x 53 Montfort& Dutailly,1983 Linking supplier to its main user and user to its main supplier 1981 I/O Table, 90x90 sectors, France 19 clusters Roelandt,1986 Linking supplier to its main user and user to its main supplier 1977 x 24 sectors, the Netherlands 6 clusters Christian Compilation of triangularized matrix 1945-1979 survey -tables 40x132 innovative interaction metrix Shiqing Xu,DeBresson & Xiaoping Hu,1992 Aggregate compilation of matrix Stratified random pilot survey in 1992 of 1500 enterprises;40 x 14 innovative activity matrix 22 x22 intra manufacturing matrix ;location of innovative activities in China. Sergio cesaratto,sandro Mangano & Silvia Massini,1993 Linking technological behaviour & Survey data business units);I/O table 6 types of clusters based on the taxonomic approach Philippe Kaminski,Debresson & Xiaoping Hu,,1993 Triangularized french domestic requirement matrix with location of 1986-1990 survey data ,the 1990 output domestic requirement 5 industries dominate the innovative activity matrix
innovative activity matrix,france Nikos Vernardakis Compilation of the industry shares of inventive and innovative activities in Greece Weak economic linkages;the minimum threshold to sustain innovative activities not yet reached. Hanel,1994 Compilation of patent weighted intermediary technology flow matrix 1978-1989 patent data and I/O-tables, Canada intermediary technology flow matrices Van Der Gaag, 1995 Linking supplier for its main product with products main user & linking user for its main product with products main supplier 1991 make & use tables,230 sectors x 650 product groups, the Netherlands 9 clusters DeBresson et al,1994 Compilation of Innovation interaction matrices 1981-85 survey data, Italy 43 x 66 Innovation interaction matrix DeBresson et al,1994 Compilation of triangularized Innovative activity matrix 1981-85 and survey data, Italy 30 x 66 triangularized domestic requirement matrix Feser & Bergman, 1997 Linking industries that have similar buying & selling patterns similarity 1987 I/O-table 478 x 478 sectors, USA 23 clusters Witteveen 1997 Linking supplier to its main user and user to its main supplier 1993, I/O x 213 sectors, the Netherlands 10 clusters Bergeron et al 1998 Constructing table, linking industries & technologies united by proximity similarity 1985-1990 patents by French firms in USA 12 clusters
APPENDIX 4 TABLE A4.1 SECTOR COVERAGE ICT IT ELECTRICALS ELECTRONICS TELECOM HEALTHCARE MEDICAL &HEALTH BIOTECH AGRICULTURE VACCINES INFRASTRUCTURE CRUDE OIL PETROLEUM REFINERY COAL ELECTRICITY CEMENT FINISHED STEEL PHARMACEUTICALS MACHINERY MEDICINES AUTOMOBILE PASSENGER VEHICLES COMMERCIAL VEHICLES THREE WHEELERS TWO WHEELERS AGRICULTURE PROCESSED FOODS & VEGETABLES MEAT PRODUCTS DAIRY FISHING CONSUMER FOODS (PASTA, CAKES, PASTRIES) BEVERAGES(ALCOHOLIC/NON ALCOHOLIC) PACKAGED DRINKING WATER ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTS ENERGY SOLAR GAS ELECTRICITY EDUCATION EDUCATION RESEARCH LABS SCIENTIFIC CENTRES