zilongwang/ReadingBank huggingface dataset:
Product Specifications Quantity Roll-up banners (a) Design (artwork) including images and text to be provided by the Funds and Programmes Division. (b) Graphic print in full-colour on 400 microns laminated P.V.C. on one side of banners. (c) Logos, photos and text to be supplied by the Funds and Programmes Division. (d) Provision in the following dimensions: 2.40m length x 0.85m breadth [metal holders and carrying bags to be supplied as well]. (e) Delivery to the Division’s premises by noon (12:00hrs) of Friday 26 September 2014. Four (4) Submission and contact details Interested service providers are to fill-in and submit Section 2 of this Request in order to provide a clear and complete quotation for the design and provision of roll-up banners. All prices must quote Value Added Tax (V.A.T.) SEPARATELY AND IN FULL. This must not be incorporated into the price or shown only as a percentage. An invoice will be required after the delivery of banners inclusive of a breakdown into design (artwork) and printing/material. The items to be supplied must be in line with product safety directives and must have been cleared by the Malta Competition and Consumer Affairs Authority (M.C.C.A.A.) prior to procurement (if necessary). A fiscal receipt will need to be provided upon payment. Clarifications and further information are to be sought through the contact details listed hereunder by noon (12:00hrs) of Wednesday 3rd September 2014. Any requests for clarifications received beyond this deadline will not be considered. QUOTATIONS ARE TO BE SUBMITTED BY NOON (12:00hrs) OF WEDNESDAY 10 SEPTEMBER 2014 VIA E-MAIL TO THE ADDRESS . Kindly address them to Mr Henri Caruana.
R Gray 13 January 2015 Louise McKenzie Louise.mckenzie@shropshirefire.gov.uk 01743 260205 LMk/sc Dear R Gray Internal reviews are carried out by an executive officer and the Planning and Programmes officer’s line manager and consider: Whether the procedures for FOI requests as laid down in the Brigade Order Adm 16 pt 2 s3 have been followed The original request The original decision Following the internal review and reconsideration of the request, we apologise for omitting the stop message free text as requested per incident. This was an oversight. Please find attached stop messages. The names of individual officers have been redacted as these are considered personal data as defined by the Data Protection Act 1998; the Fire Authority therefore engages the exemptions s40(2) and s40(3)(a)(i). Details are below. Section 40 (2) Any information to which a request for information relates is also exempt information if— (a) it constitutes personal data which do not fall within subsection (1), and (b) either the first or the second condition below is satisfied. (3) The first condition is— (a) in a case where the information falls within any of paragraphs (a) to (d) of the definition of “data” in section 1(1) of the [1998 c. 29.] Data Protection Act 1998, that the disclosure of the information to a member of the public otherwise than under this Act would contravene— (i) any of the data protection principles, If you remain dissatisfied with the handling of your request or complaint, you have a right to appeal to the Information Commissioner at:
person is under “very strict control,” is in a new place, or is doing “especially interesting” activities, or is “working with only one other person (DSM-IV 79)” AD(H)D is not a single condition; instead, there are three subtypes. People with the predominantly inattentive type have trouble paying attention. Those with the predominantly type are hyperactive and impulsive. The combined type includes all three major symptoms (DSM-IV 80) Perhaps the most well known symptom of AD(H)D is hyperactivity, but Hallowell and Ratey emphasize that not all people with AD(H)D are hyperactive. Indeed, they say that many people with ADD-mostly girls and women-are quiet daydreamers (153) Robertson notes that children with AD(H)D are “consistently inconsistent.” (qtd. In Latham) That means the same student could do very well in school one month then very poorly the next (Hallowell & Ratey 65) Hallowell and Ratey also point out that people with AD(H)D are sometime able to hyper focus. That means they may focus very well on one thing for a long time and will have trouble stopping when it is time to finish (DSM-IV 66) Works Cited Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1994. Hallowell, Edward M., and John J. Driven to Distraction: Recognizing and Coping with Attention Deficit Disorder from Childhood through Adulthood. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. Latham, Patricia H. “Attention Deficit Disorder in College.” Attention Deficit Disorder Association. National Center for Law and Learning Disabilities, 2000. Web. 16 Jan. 2009.
Malta Enterprise assists R&D project types that qualify as Industrial Research or Experimental Development. Thus applicants are requested to select the R&D type that matches the applicant’s R&D project. Based on the definition provided below select the one which best fits the proposed project: ‘Industrial Research’ means the planned research or critical investigation aimed at the acquisition of new knowledge and skills for developing new products, processes or services or for bringing about a significant improvement in existing products, processes or services. It comprises the creation of components parts of complex systems, and may include the construction of prototypes in a laboratory environment or in an environment with simulated interfaces to existing systems as well as of pilot lines, when necessary for the industrial research and notably for generic technology validation. ‘Experimental Development’ means acquiring, combining, shaping and using existing scientific, technological, business and other relevant knowledge and skills with the aim of developing new or improved products, processes or services. This may also include, for example, activities aiming at the conceptual definition, planning and documentation of new products, processes or services; Experimental development may comprise prototyping, demonstrating, piloting, testing and validation of new or improved products, processes or services in environments representative of real life operating conditions where the primary objective is to make further technical improvements on products, processes or services that are not substantially set. This may include the development of a commercially usable prototype or pilot which is necessarily the final commercial product and which is too expensive to produce for it to be used only for demonstration and validation purposes. Experimental development does not include routine or periodic changes made to existing products, production lines, manufacturing processes, services and other operations in progress, even if those changes may represent improvements. Give a justification for selecting Industrial Research or Experimental Development. This should consist of 50 – 200 words clearly outlining how the proposed R&D project fits the definitions as described above. 4. Personal Data Protection A. Contact email address of the Data Protection Officer:
‘Who can stop climate change? We can. We have a responsibility to do so that began when God commanded the earliest human inhabitants of the Garden of Eden to 'till it and keep it'. To keep it; not to abuse it, not to destroy it’ Desmond Tutu “When love is the way, we will let justice roll down like a mighty stream and righteousness like an ever-flowing brook … poverty will become history ... the earth will be a sanctuary” Bishop Michael Curry, Primate of the Episcopal Church, 19 May 2018 “The ultimate test of a moral society is the kind of world that it leaves to its children.” Dietrich Bonhoeffer, (German pastor, theologian, anti-Nazi dissident) “Oh, you who believe! Stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to Allah, even as against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, and whether it be (against) rich or poor…” [Qur’an 4:135] “We must learn to live together as brothers, or we are going to perish together as fools” Martin Luther King, Jr. [Prophet], “call [people] to the way of your lord with wisdom and good teaching. Argue with them in the most courteous way.” Qur’an 16.125 The Prophet [peace be upon him] said “none of you truly believes until you love for others what you love for yourself.” [Bukhari] “Whoever sees anything unjust, let him change it with his hands…” [Hadith]. “I believe that to meet the challenges of our times, human beings will have to develop a greater sense of universal responsibility. Each of us must learn to work not just for oneself, one's own family, or nation, but for the benefit of all humankind. Universal responsibility is the key to human survival. It is the best foundation for world peace” Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama “Let us pray that all living beings realise that they are all brothers and sisters, all nourished in the same life source.” Buddhist
“With love’s light wings did I o’erperch these walls,” Act 2:2” Celestial Imagery to show he is linked to God and the heavens. “But love thee better than thou canst devise” Act 3:1 exaggeration to persuade Tybalt not to fight. “O Juliet, thy beauty hath made me effeminate.” Act 3:1 Cursing his love of Juliet that has led to him behaving less like a man should, and Mercutio fighting and dying instead of him. “O I am Fortune’s fool” Act 3:1 –Metaphor/ Alliteration. Cursing fate after he has killed Tybalt “it was the lark, the herald of the morn, No nightingale” Foreshadowing, Symbolism, imagery Act 3:5 after the consummation of their marriage and before he is banished to Mantua. “…let me have/A dram of poison” Act 5:1 demanding tone to show he is in despair. “Death hath had no power yet upon thy beauty.” Act 5:3 Imagery to show that death hasn’t changed Juliet’s appearance yet – Shakespeare is playing with the audience here. “And shake the yoke of inauspicious stars from this flesh” Act 5:3 –Metaphor and Alliteration to show Romeo’s desire to rid himself, through death, of fate’s control over him shortly before he dies. “Thus with a kiss I die” Act 5:3 statement first person – he dies Lord Montague “With tears augmenting the fresh morning dew” Act 1: 1 – metaphor to show he is worried about Romeo. “Who set this new quarrel abroach?” Act 1:1 – Rhetorical question to find out how the started. “For I will raise her statue in pure gold,” Act 5:3 hyperbole, persuasion – Montague assures Capulet that he will erect a gold statue in her memory
younger self in this autobiographical ‘snippet’ from his long poem. “hiss’d along the polish’d ice,” Verb – showing how fast he and his friends were skating and how free they were as a result. “The Pack loud bellowing,” Metaphor – be the hunting of animals in the wood or the sound of the boys playing on the ice sounding like a pack of animals. “the precipices rang aloud,” Personification – of the hills suggesting a sense of danger or awe of the vastness of the area “The orange sky of evening died away.” Imagery – linked to the beauty of the sky as evening faded.
CONTACT NAME <Insert contact officer name> CONTACT POSTAL ADDRESS <Insert > CONTACT PHONE <Insert> CONTACT EMAIL ADDRESS <Insert> Any information given to a respondent to clarify any aspect of this RFQ will also be given to all other respondents if in the opinion of the Principal it would be unfair not to do so. COPYRIGHT This Request for Quotation document (“RFQ”) has been prepared by NSW Procurement for the Secretary of the Department of Finance, Services and Innovation for and on behalf of the Crown in right of the State of New South Wales. This RFQ is protected by Crown copyright. © State of New South Wales – NSW Procurement, for and on behalf of the Crown in right of the State of New South Wales, 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this RFT may be produced by any process, electronic or otherwise, in any material form or transmitted to any person or stored electronically in any form, without the prior written permission of the State of , except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968. All inquiries should be directed to; Director Category Management NSW Procurement Government and Corporate Services NSW Department of Finance, Services and Innovation McKell NSW 2000 Tel: (02) 9372 8877 Contents
Armidale Dumaresq, Glen Innes Severn, Gunnedah, Guyra, Gwydir, Inverell, Liverpool Plains, Moree Plains, Narrabri, Tamworth Regional, Tenterfield, Uralla, Walcha Southern Region Illawarra Kiama, Shellharbour, Shoalhaven, Wollongong Southern Highlands Bega Valley, Bombala, Boorowa, Cooma-Monaro, Eurobodalla, Goulburn Mulwaree, Harden, Palerang, Queanbeyan, Snowy River, Upper Lachlan, Yass Valley, Young
Using traceroute provides round trip time for each hop along the path and indicates if a hop fails to respond. The round trip time is the time a packet takes to reach the remote host and for the response from the host to return. An asterisk (*) is used to indicate a lost or unreplied packet. This information can be used to locate a problematic router in the path. If the display high response times or data losses from a particular hop, this is an indication that the resources of the router or its connections may be stressed. IPv4 TTL and IPv6 Hop Limit Traceroute makes use of a function of the TTL field in IPv4 and the Hop Limit field in IPv6 in the Layer 3 headers, along with the ICMP time exceeded message. Play the animation in the figure to see how Traceroute takes advantage of TTL. The sequence of messages sent from traceroute will have a TTL field value of 1. This causes the TTL to time out the IPv4 packet at the first router. This router then responds with an ICMPv4 message. Traceroute now has the address of the first hop. Traceroute then progressively increments the TTL field (2, 3, 4...) for each sequence of messages. This provides the trace with the address of each hop as the packets timeout further down the path. The TTL field continues to be increased until the destination is reached, or it is incremented to a predefined maximum. After the final destination is reached, the host responds with either an ICMP port unreachable message or an ICMP echo reply message instead of the ICMP time exceeded message. Please log into before accessing this course. 7.3.2.5Packet Tracer – Verifying IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing Packet Tracer – Verifying IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing IPv4 and IPv6 can coexist on the same network. From the command prompt of a PC, there are some differences in the way commands are issued and in the way output is displayed. Please log into before accessing this course. Packet Tracer – Pinging and Tracing to Test the Path
If you want to say that you do not like either of two choices, use ni . . . ni: Expressing agreement or disagreement To agree with what a person likes, you use “a mí también.” It’s like saying “me too” in English. If someone tells you that he or she dislikes something, you can agree by saying “a mí tampoco.” It’s like saying “me neither” or “neither do I” in English. Adjectives Words that describe people and things are called adjectives (adjetivos).
Compound Formula Mol. Wt NBP (oC) Tcrit (oC) (bar g) P0 (bar g) ΔH0 (kJkg-1) CFC-12 CCl2F2 121 -29.8 +112.0 40.6 2.1 151.5 HFC-134a CH2FCF3 102 -26.1 +101.1 39.6 1.9 197.2 HFC-1234yf CH2:CFCF3 114 -29.4 +94.8 31.7 2.1 161.5 HFC-1234ze(E) CHF:CHCF3 114 -18.2 +109.6 35.8 1.1 184.5 HFC-1234ze(Z) CHF:CHCF3 114 +9.0 +153.6 38.7 -0.1 c. 225*
Parameter Units R-12 Fixed capacity Fixed Diameter R-134a R-1234ze(E) R-1234ze(E) mass flow kg s-1 14.31 11.33 12.34 8.84 density kg m-3 20.54 16.86 13.74 13.74 Volume flow m3 s-1 0.70 0.67 0.90 0.64 Impellor rpm 11983 14691 11919 Impellor dia m 0.255 0.235 0.278 0.235 tip speed m s-1 160 181 174 174 Pressure ratio - 2.34 2.54 2.57 2.57 CoP - 8.01 7.90 7.91 7.91 Relative CoP - 101.3% 100.0% 100.1% 100.1% Relative capacity - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 73.4%
R-15/VIM REPORT ITEM 1 Launch Site: ITEM 2 Launch Date: ITEM 3 Earliest and latest possible launch time (GMT): ITEM 3A Latest possible launch time (GMT): ITEM 4 List the total number and name of each object to achieve orbit. ITEM 4A Payload(s) to achieve Include the nominal (operational) lifetime and operating position for each: ITEM 4B Rocket bodies (booster segments) to achieve orbit. If none achieve orbit, enter "none.” ITEM 4C All other objects achieving orbit, including debris, debris clusters, bolts, and so forth. If none will achieve orbit, enter "none." ITEM 5 Launch booster and sustainer description. If booster is augmented by strap-on motors, list the number and type: ITEM 6 Point of contact (POC) for the launch:
R-15/VIM REPORT ATTACHMENT A MET (s) Event timeline Altitudes (km)*** Inclination (deg) Eccentricity SMA (km) Arg. of perigee (deg) RAAN** (deg) True Anomaly (deg) Latitude (deg) Longi- tude (deg) Relative Velocity (m/s) Current Altitude (km) Period (min) Apogee Perigee NOTES:
5 What are the interconnect requirements of ITS with the switched telecommunication networks? 6 What are the technical factors that affect sharing between ITS and other users? 7 To what extent can the evolving mobile telecommunications systems be used to deliver ITS services? 8 What are the radiocommunication requirements and technical specifications necessary for the global or regional harmonization of next generation ITS radiocommunications? 9 What is the definition of “telematics” in the context of ITS? In such a context, what are the systems and application requirements of telematics? What are the land mobile communications requirements of telematics? 10 What are the technical and operational characteristics of AVL in the land mobile service? further decides 1 that the results of the above studies should be included in one or more Recommendations, Reports or Handbooks; 2 that the above studies should be completed by 2019. Category: S2
12. Receiver low-cost manufacturing Allows for massproduction manufacturing and lowcost consumer receivers. Typical receivers have been integrated in two chips. One chip manufacturer has integrated the full receiver circuitry into one chip With relatively simple design (low complexity) it is anticipated that relatively low-cost consumer receivers can be developed The system was specifically optimized to enable an initial low complexity portable receiver deployment. Several models of low cost receivers based on large scale integration mass production techniques are being manufactured The MCM-TDM signal processing will be embedded in microchips suitable for mass production The system was specifically optimized to enable an initial low complexity vehicular receiver deployment. A standardization group has been established to achieve low-cost receivers based on large scale integration mass production techniques Notes to Table 1: CDM: code division multiplex COFDM: coded orthogonal frequency division multiplex DVBS: digital video broadcasting using satellite DVBT: terrestrial digital video broadcasting FEC: forward error correction FIC: fast information channel HTML: hypertext markup language services digital broadcasting using satellite terrestrial integrated services digital broadcasting JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group MCM: multi-carrier modulation LoS: line-of-sight MPEG: Moving Pictures Experts Group OSI: open system interconnection QPSK: quadraphase shift keying TDM: time division multiplex
TABLE 1 Summary characteristics of digital multiprogramme TV systems by satellite a) Function System A System B System C System D Delivered services SDTV and HDTV SDTV and HDTV SDTV and HDTV SDTV and HDTV Input signal format MPEG-TS Modified MPEG-TS MPEG-TS MPEG-TS Multiple signal capability No No No Yes, 8 maximum Rain fade survivability Determined by transmitter power and inner code rate Determined by transmitter power and inner code rate Determined by transmitter and inner code rate Hierarchical transmission is available in addition to the transmitter power and inner code rate Mobile reception Not available and for future consideration Not available and for future consideration Not available and for future consideration Not available and for future consideration Flexible assignment of services bit rate Available Available Available Available Common receiver design with other receiver systems Systems A, B, C and D are possible Systems A, B, C and D are possible Systems A, B, C and D are possible Systems A, B, C and D are possible Commonality with other media (i.e. terrestrial, cable, etc.) MPEG-TS basis MPEG-ES (elementary stream) MPEG-TS basis MPEG-TS basis 1 (continued) b) Performance System A System B System C System D
3 (end) Point Frequency Relative (dB) delay N 1.8 fN –35.00 – P 1.4 fN –16.00 – Q 1.6 fN –24.00 – S 2.12 fN –40.00 – 5.1.2 Signal spectrum for System B System B uses a square root raised cosine roll-off factor of 0.2. FIGURE 9 Signal spectrum for System B TABLE 4 Coordinates of points Point Relative power (dB) Frequency (MHz) A 0.2 0.05 B –0.2 0.05 C 0.25 3.5 D –0.25 3.5 E 0.3 7 F –0.3 7 G 0.3 8.5 H –2.5 10 I –3.5 10 J –10 11.75 K –10 11.25 L –30 13 M –40 16 5.1.3 Signal spectrum for System C This section defines System C design recommendations for baseband signal shaping and the modulator output spectrum.
dBi Gco () = G1 = 29 – 25 log φr dBi for m < r where degrees Gco () = 29 – 25 log φ dBi for φr < b where b = 10(34/25) degrees Gco () = –5 dBi for φb < c where c = 70 degrees Gco () = 0 dBi for φc < 180 degrees Cross-polar pattern: Gcross ()  Gmax – 17 for 0   0 where 0 degrees  3 dB beamwidth Gcross () = Gmax – 17 + CdBi for 0 ≤ < 1 where degrees and C = 21 – 25 log(1) – (Gmax – 17)* dB Gcross ()  21 – 25 log  for 1   < where  = 10(26/25) degrees Gcross ()  –5 dBi for 2    70 degrees Gcross ()  0 dBi for 70º  180 degrees where: D: circular antenna diameter; : wavelength expressed in the same unit as the diameter; : off-axis angle of the antenna relative to boresight (degrees); efficiency. Examples: Gmax = 38.0 dBi η = 0.6 D/λ = 32.6 m = 2.79 degrees r = 2.92 degrees G1 = 17.38 dBi b = 10(34/25) degrees Cross-polar: 0 = 2.13 degrees 1 = 3.39 degrees 2  10(26/25) degrees C = –13.25 dB
Image supported formats Recommended for MPEG2: 720 × 576 704 × 576 544 × 576 480 × 576 352 × 576 352 × 288 Recommended for MPEG4 AVC: 720 × 480 640 × 480 544 × 480 480 × 480 352 × 480 352 × 240 1 920 × 1 080 1 440 × 1 080 1 280 × 1 080 960 × 1 080 1 280 × 720 960 × 720 640 × 720 Recommended for HEVC (5) Not restricted Level 6.2: 7 680 × 4 320/120/P 7 680 × 4 320/100/P Level 6.1: 7 680 × 4 320/60/P 7 680 × 4 320/50/P Level 5.2: 3 840 × 2 160/120/P 3 840 × 2 160/100/P Level 5.1: 3 840 × 2 160/60/P 3 840 × 2 160/50/P Level 4.1: 1 920 × 1 080/60/P 1 920 × 1 080/50/P 1 920 × 1 080/60/I 1 920 × 1 080/50/I rates at monitor (per s) 25, 50 or 100, 24, 30, 60 or 120 30 (interlaced), 60, 120 and those divided by 1.001 25 (interlaced), 50, 100 10 (end) d) Technical characteristics (source coding) System E2 System F Audio source decoding Layer I, MPEG1 Layer II or MPEG2 Layer II backward-compatible audio MPEG-4 AAC, MPEG-4 ALS MEPG-4 AAC, MPEG-4 ALS Service information Supported Supported EPG Supported Supported teletext Supported Supported Subtitling Supported Supported Closed caption Not specified Not specified
3/4 Not used 0.71 1.0 7/9 Not used 0.74 1.5 4/5 Not used 0.77 2.0 5/6 Not used 0.80 2.5 7/8 Not used 0.84 2.9 9/10 Not used 0.86 3.8 TABLE 11 (continued) Modulation and coding System E2 System F QPSK 1/4 0.49 −2.3 Not used 13/45 0.57 −2.03 Not used 1/3 0.66 −1.2 0.64 −1.0 2/5 0.79 −0.3 0.77 0.0 9/20 0.89 0.22 Not used 1/2 0.99 1.0 0.97 1.2 11/20 1.09 1.45 Not used 3/5 1.19 2.2 1.16 2.5 2/3 1.32 3.1 1.29 3.3 3/4 1.49 4.0 1.42 4.0 7/9 Not used 1.48 4.5 4/5 1.59 4.7 1.54 5.0 5/6 1.65 5.2 1.61 5.5 7/8 Not used 1.67 5.9 8/9 1.77 6.2 Not used
Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITUT/ITUR/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at ) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication , 2010 ITU 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU.
supported. The user can designate a coefficient to down-mix multichannel audio signals into twochannel. Sound quality can therefore be controlled using a playback device with only two channels. TABLE 1 Supported sampling frequencies Sampling frequency (Hz) 96 000 88 200 64 000 48 000 44 100 32 000 24 000 22 050 16 000 12 000 11 025 8 000 TABLE 2 Default channel configurations Number of speakers Audio syntactic elements, listed in order received Default element to speaker mapping 1 single_channel_element Centre front speaker 2 channel_pair_element Left and right front speakers 3 single_channel_element() Centre front speaker channel_pair_element() Left and right front speakers 4 single_channel_element() Centre front speaker channel_pair_element(), Left and front speakers single_channel_element() Rear surround speaker 5 single_channel_element() Centre front speaker channel_pair_element() Left and front speakers channel_pair_element() Left surround and right surround rear speakers 5 + 1 single_channel_element() Centre front speaker channel_pair_element() Left and right front speakers channel_pair_element() Left surround and right surround rear speakers Lfe_element() Low frequency effects speaker
A_im[k] = out_im[k]; } for(k=0..39) { /* calculate level dependent slope */ L[k] = 10*log10(out_re[k]* out_re[k] + out_im[k]* out_im[k]; s[k] = max(4,(24 + 230/fcentre[k] - 0.2*L[k])); /* calculate spread fraction and smooth it over time*/ cu[k] = a*pow(dist,s[k])+b*cu[k]; /* spreading of band k */ d1 = out_re[k] d2 = out_im[k] for(j=k+1..39) { d1 *= cu[k]; d2 *= cu[k]; A_re[j] += d1; A_im[j] += d2; } } /* downward spreading */ cl = pow(dist,31); d1 = 0; d2 = 0; for(k=39..0) { /* spreading of band k */ d1 = d1 * cl + A_re[k]; d2 = d2 * cl + A_im[k]; A_re[k] = d1; A_im[k] = d2; } 2.2.8 Rectification The energies at the filter outputs are calculated by adding the squared values of the filter representing the real part of the signal and the one representing the imaginary part of the signal. (34) All the following operations are carried out on these energies. 2.2.9 Time domain smearing (1) – Backward masking
Appendix 1 to Annex 2 (Informative) Information about coding systems that have been demonstrated to meet quality, and other, user requirements for emission Tables 2 and 3 list, in the left-hand column, the requirements for high-quality emission and intermediate quality emission, respectively, specified in Annex 2. Other columns (of which four exist at this time) show the ability of specific codecs to meet these requirements. It is anticipated that future revisions to this Recommendation will contain additional information about additional codecs. TABLE 2 High-quality emission List of requirements from Annex 2 AAC LC profile(3) AC-3/E-AC-3 MPEG-2 Layer II 1.1 Channel configurations Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 1.2 Audio services Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 1.3 Flexible allocation of channels Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 1.4 Ancillary data Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 2.1.1 Basic audio quality Fulfilled at 144 kbit/s per 2 channels [1] Fulfilled at 192 kbit/s per 2 channels [1] Fulfilled at 256 kbit/s per 2 channels [1] 2.1.2 Stereo image quality Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 2.1.3 Quantization resolution Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 2.1.4 Sampling frequency Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 2.1.5 Bandwidth Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 2.1.6 Emphasis Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 2.1.7 Post processing Not demonstrated Not demonstrated Not demonstrated 2.2 Coding delay Fulfilled(1) Fulfilled(1) Fulfilled(1) 2.3 Error resilience Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled(2) 2.4 Recovery time Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 3.1.1 Downward compatibility Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 3.1.2 Backward compatibility Fulfilled by simulcast method Fulfilled by simulcast method Fulfilled by matrixing method 3.1.3 Forward compatibility Fulfilled by dual decoders Fulfilled by dual decoders Fulfilled 3.2 Bit rate Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled 3.3 Decoder complexity Fulfilled Fulfilled Fulfilled
TABLE 1 List of possible loudspeaker positions for advanced sound system, identification of the loudspeaker layouts in form of “Upper + Middle + Bottom loudspeakers” SP Label Azimuth Elevation A B C D E F G H 0+2+0 0+5+0 2+5+0 4+5+0 4+5+1 3+7+0 4+9+0 9+10+3 M+000 0 0 X X X X X X X M+022 +22.5 0 M-022 ‒22.5 0 M+SC Left edge of display 0 X M-SC edge of display 0 X M+030 +30 0 X X X X X X X X M-030 ‒30 0 X X X X X X X X M+045 +45 0 M-045 ‒45 0 M+060 +60 0 X M-060 ‒60 0 X M+090 +90 0 X X X M-090 ‒90 0 X X X M+110 +110 0 X X X X M-110 ‒110 0 X X X X M+135 +135 0 X X X M-135 ‒135 0 X X X M+180 +180 0 X U+000 0 +30 X U+022 +22.5 +30 U-022 ‒22.5 +30 U+030 +30 +30 X X X U-030 ‒30 +30 X X X U+045 +45 +30 X X X U-045 ‒45 +30 X X X U+060 +60 +30 U-060 ‒60 +30 U+090 +90 +30 X U-090 ‒90 +30 X U+110 +110 +30 X X X U-110 ‒110 +30 X X X U+135 +135 +30 X U-135 ‒135 +30 X U+180 +180 +30 X UH+180 +180 +45 X T+000 – +90 X B+000 0 ‒30 X X
Azimuth Elevation X (left/ Y (rear/ Z (bottom/ top) Name Range Range M+000 C Centre 0 0 0 +1 0 M+SC Lsc Left screen Left screen edge 0 –1* +1 0 M-SC Rsc screen Right screen edge 0 +1* +1 0 M+030 L Left +30 .. +45 0 –1 +1 0 M-030 R –30 .. –45 0 +1 +1 0 M+090 Ls Left surround +90 .. +110 0 –1 0 0 M-090 Rs Right surround –90 .. –110 0 +1 0 0 M+135 Lrs Left rear surround +135 .. +150 0 –1 –1 0 M-135 Rrs rear surround –135 .. –150 0 +1 –1 0 U+045 Ltf Left top front +30 .. +45 +30 .. +45 –0.5 +0.5 +1 U-045 Rtf Right top front –30 .. –45 +30 .. +45 +0.5 +0.5 +1 U+110 Ltr Left top rear +110 .. +135 +30 .. +45 –0.5 –0.5 +1 U-110 Rtr Right top rear –110 .. –135 +30 .. +45 +0.5 –0.5 +1 LFE1 LFE Low frequency effects – – – – – * Referenced to screen, –1 = left edge of screen, +1 = right edge of screen. 5 Loudspeaker configuration for Sound system F (3+7+0) SP Label Channel Azimuth Elevation Label Name Range Range M+000 C Centre 0 0 M+030 L Left +30 0 M-030 R –30 0 U+045 LH Left height +30 .. +45 +30 .. +45 U-045 RH Right height –30 .. –45 +30 .. +45 M+090 LS Left side +60 .. +150 0 M-090 RS Right side –60 .. –150 0 M+135 LB Left back +60 .. +150 0 M-135 RB back –60 .. –150 0 UH+180 CH Centre height 180 +45 .. +90 TABLE 5 (end) SP Label Channel Azimuth Elevation
An example of an alternative approximation of an EOTF of a CRT display An example of an EOTF that has alternative characteristics of a CRT’s EOTF: for for where Vc: 0.35, 1 = 2.6, 2 = 3.0 L: Screen luminance (cd/m2) LW: Screen luminance for white, reference setting is LW = 100 cd/m2 V: Input video signal level (normalized, black at 0, to white at 1. 10-bit digital code values “D” map into values of V per the following equation: V = (D-64)/876) k: Coefficient for normalization (so that V = 1 gives white), (k = LW/[1 + b]1) b: Variable for level lift (legacy “brightness” control). The value of b is set so that the calculated luminance can be the same as the measurement data at input signal level 0.0183 (= (80-64)/876). The value of b changes depending on “brightness” control. 1 EOTFs: Black dot (measured data), Red line (reference EOTF), Blue line (alternative EOTF equation, Vc: 0.35, 1 = 2.6, 2 = 3.0) Appendix 2 (Informative) Historic overview CRT displays have been used as the reference display in HDTV programme production and monitoring for many years. Displays based on different physical technology are now being employed to replace the aging CRT displays. It is important to specify the characteristics for this next generation of display technologies so that consistent results may be achieved in future programme production. It is useful for the EOTF specified for the new display technologies to closely match the EOTF of the legacy CRT display. However, the legacy CRT EOTF was never documented, as all CRTs naturally behaved similarly. This Recommendation specifies a reference EOTF that should be employed in displays used in HDTV programme production. While the image capture process of Recommendation ITU-R BT.709 had an optical to electrical transfer function, there has never been an EOTF documented. This was due in part to the fact that display devices until recently were all CRT devices which had somewhat consistent characteristics device to device.
TABLE 5 (end) Parameters Values Quantization levels – Black level DR', DG', DB', DY', DY'C – Achromatic DC'B, DC'R , DC'BC, DC'RC – Nominal Peak DR', DG', DB', DY', DY'C DC'B, DC'R, DC'BC, DC'RC 10-bit coding 12-bit coding 64 512 940 64 and 960 256 2 048 3 760 256 and 3 840 Quantization level assignment – Video data – Timing reference 10-bit coding 12-bit coding 4 through 1 019 0-3 and 1 020-1 023 16 through 4 079 0-15 and 4 080-4 095 _______________
Minimum receiver signal input power (dBW) –107.7 –109.7 –111.7 Min. equivalent receiver input voltage, 75 Ω (dB(µV) 31 29 27 Reference Minimum strength (Emin)ref (dB(µV/m)) at fr = 200 MHz 38.5 43.5 41.5 ACS (dB) See Note 1 below NOTE 1 – Information on the calculation of adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) values for DVB-T receivers can be found in Recommendation ITU-R BT.1368-10. TABLE 7 Reference DVB-T receiver characteristics in Band III, 8 MHz channel raster Reception mode RM1 RM2 RM3 Frequency fr (MHz) 200 200 200 Equivalent noise bandwidth (MHz) 7.61 7.61 7.61 Receiver noise figure (dB) 7 7 7 Receiver noise input power (dBW) –128.2 –128.2 –128.2 RF signal/noise ratio Reference C/N (dB) 21 19 17 Minimum receiver signal input power (dBW) –107.2 –109.2 –111.2 Min. equivalent receiver voltage, 75 Ω (dB(µV) 31.5 29.5 27.5 TABLE 7 (end) Reception mode RM1 RM2 RM3 Reference Minimum field strength (Emin)ref (dB(µV/m)) at fr = 200 MHz 39 44 42 ACS (dB) See Note 1 below NOTE 1 – Information on the calculation of ACS values for DVB-T receivers can be in Recommendation ITU-R BT.1368-10. TABLE 8 Reference DVB-T receiver characteristics in Band IV/V, 8 MHz channel raster Reception mode RM1 RM2 RM3 Frequency fr (MHz) 650 650 650 Equivalent noise bandwidth (MHz) 7.61 7.61 7.61
channels, N+K and N+2K (or N-K and N-2K), where K = 2, 3, ... 10, at given wanted signal average power levels at the receiver input Type of interference Ratio of wanted signal level to each unwanted signal at threshold (dB) Very weak wanted ATSC signal (–78 dBm) Weak wanted ATSC signal (–68 dBm) Moderate wanted ATSC signal (–53 dBm) N+1 and N+2 (N–1 and –30.0 –31.5 –30.5 N+2 and N+4 (N–2 and –38.2 –37.6 –35.1 N+3 and N+6 (N–3 and –42.2 –38.8 –35.2 N+4 and N+ 8 (N–4 and –41.6 –38.9 –35.8 N+5 and N+10 (N–5 and –40.8 –40.8 –37.1 N+6 and N+12 (N–6 and –44.3 –42.7 –37.7 N+7 and N+14 (N–7 and –47.7 –43.4 –38.1 N+8 and N+16 (N–8 and –52.3 –44.2 –39.4 N+9 and N+18 (N–9 and –48.8 –43.2 –38.7
Step 3: Examine the r.m.s. errors when increasing/decreasing each integer coefficient by one. 27 ( 33) combinations must be evaluated in because each coefficient can take three values, i.e. increased, decreased and unchanged from the initial value. Step 4: Select the combination of the coefficients that gives the minimum r.m.s. error. This combination is the resultant optimized one. The same procedure is applied for the colour-difference equations, using equations (11) and (12). (11) (12) 3 Simple calculation method for squared difference sum By expressing the difference between integer and real coefficients as ij k'ij – r'ij, and the digital RGB signals as Xj, the sum of the squared differences of equations (10) to (12) can be written as the following: (13) where L and H denote the lower and upper boundaries of the input signal range, respectively, for which the integer coefficients are to be optimized. As L and H are constant in the digital system consideration, the summations for Xj are also constant. Then equation (13) can be expressed as a function only of ij. (14) where: Thus the calculation of r.m.s. errors or equations (10) to (12) can be simply performed by equation (14). ______________
P(hop outage) K · d 3.6 · f 0.89 · (1 | hr – he |/d )–1.4 · 10–TFM/10 where: K : geoclimatic factor d : link length (km) f : frequency (GHz) hr and he : transmit and receive antenna heights (metres above sea level or another common reference) TFM : thermal fade margin on a hop (dB). where: unfaded carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) (dB) CNC : value of C/N at which the performance criterion is just met (dB). Setting K · d 3.6 · f 0.89 · (1 | hr – he |/d)–1.4 · 10–CNC/10 γ Then: P(hop outage) γ · NT /C Thus P(hop outage before satellite interference) γ · NT /C P(hop outage aggregate satellite interference) γ · (NT I )/C where C, NT and I are in consistent power units. If it is assumed that: – each hop is designed to have a similar nominal probability of outage before satellite interference; – hop fades are independent and sufficiently rare that the outage probabilities may be added, then the net nominal probability of outage for the route is: P(route outage) Σ (P(hop outage))number of hops in route Thus, the fractional increase in the probability of a route outage due to a degraded fade margin on each hop within the route is simply: FDP(route outage) i.e. the route FDP is the total route interference power divided by the total route noise power: Thus the FDP approach for the assessment of the impact of interference on a FS route and the usage of percentages (rather than dB) is appropriate.
i.e. pfdlow is –146 (dB(W/(m2 MHz))), the FDP of fixed wireless stations in 100% of the routes would be less than the assumed interference criterion of 10%. FIGURE 5 FDP distribution with pfdlow from HAPS airships Figure 6 shows the interference distribution with the changes of pfdhigh, when pfdlow is Even though pfdhigh is decreased by 6 dB from the maximal difference of the interference distribution less than 10% is only about 5%. 3.2 Interference from HAPS ground stations to a fixed wireless station 3 shows the system parameters of a fixed wireless system and a HAPS system used in the calculation. FIGURE 6 FDP distribution with pfdhigh from HAPS airships TABLE 3 System parameters of a wireless system and a HAPS system Parameters Values Frequency 6 GHz wireless system Antenna radiation pattern Recommendation ITU-R F.1245 Maximum antenna gain 45 dBi Noise figure 4 dB Feeder loss 5.5 dB HAPS system Diameter of service coverage 110 km Altitude of airship 20 km Antenna radiation pattern of ground station Recommendation ITU-R F.1245 Maximum antenna gain of ground station 45 dBi Number of ground stations 367 (uniform distribution) Distance between ground stations 5.5 km Assuming that T is 293 K, B is 1 MHz, and NF is 6 dB, noise power N is –137.93 (dB(W/MHz)). If I/N = 10% is assumed as a criterion, permissible interference power, IG-T should be less than Since IG-T depends on the transmitting power of HAPS ground station, the angle between signal paths, and the distance between fixed wireless station and HAPS nadir, the I/N with these parameters can be calculated by equation (8). Figure 9 shows the values of I/N with the transmitting power, PHG at every azimuth angle, when the distance, r is 100 km. From this figure, it turns out that the interference power is naturally
Annex 1 RF channel arrangement in the bands 7 125-7 425 MHz and 7 425-7 725 MHz 1 This describes a RF channel arrangement for low, medium and high capacity digital FWSs, operating in the bands 7 125-7 425 MHz and 7 425-7 725 MHz. The RF channel arrangement is shown in Fig. 2 and is derived as follows: Let f0 be the frequency of the centre of the band of frequencies occupied (MHz); fn be the centre frequency of one RF channel in the half of the band (MHz); be the centre frequency of one RF channel in the upper half of the band (MHz), then the frequencies (MHz) of the individual channels, with duplex separation of 154 MHz, are expressed by the following relationships: a) for channel spacing of 28 MHz (Notes 1 and 2): lower half of the band: fn = f0 – 161 + 28 n half of the band: = f0 – 7 + 28 n n = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. b) for channel spacing of 14 MHz: lower half of the band: fn = f0 – 154 + 14∙n half of the band: fn′ = f0 + 14∙n where: n = 1,2,…, 10; c) for channel spacing of 7 MHz: lower half of the band: fn = f0 – 150.5 + 7∙n upper half of the band: fn′ = f0 + 3.5 + 7∙n n = 1,2,…, 20; d) for channel spacing of 3.5 MHz: lower half of the band: fn = f0 – 148.75 + 3.5∙n half of the band: fn′ = f0 + 5.25 + 3.5∙n where n = 1,2,…, 40; e) for channel spacing of 1.75 MHz: lower half of the band: fn = f0 – 147.875 + 1.75∙n upper half of the band: fn′ = f0 + 6.125 + 1.75∙n where: n = 1,2,…, 80.
be the centre frequency of one RF channel in the upper half of the band (MHz); a) for systems with a carrier spacing of 20 MHz: lower half of the band: fn = f0 – 505 + 20 n upper half of the band: = f0 + 25 + 20 n where: n = 1, 2, 3, … 23; b) for systems with a carrier spacing of 10 MHz: lower half of the band: fn = f0 – 505 + 10 n half of the band: = f0 + 25 + 10 n n = 1, 2, 3, … 47; c) for systems with a carrier spacing of 5 MHz: lower half of the band: fn = f0 – 500 + 5 n upper half of the band: = f0 + 30 + 5 n where: n = 1, 2, 3, … 93. The centre frequency f0 is 11 200 MHz. 5 RF arrangements for FWSs operating with 20 MHz, 10 MHz and 5 MHz channel spacing in the 10.7-11.7 GHz Annex 4 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for digital fixed wireless systems operating in the band 10 700-11 700 MHz with a channel spacing of 28, 14 and 7 MHz The radio-frequency channel arrangements, referred to in Note 6, for a carrier spacing of 28 MHz, 14 MHz and 7 MHz are shown in Figs 6 and 7 and shall be derived as follows: Let: f0 be the frequency 11 200 MHz of the centre of the band of frequencies occupied (MHz); fn be the centre frequency of one radio-frequency channel in the lower half of the band (MHz); be the centre frequency of one radio-frequency channel in the upper half of the band (MHz).
where: n = 1, . . . 41 e) for systems with a carrier spacing of 7 MHz: lower half of the band: fn = f0 + 808.5 + 7 n MHz upper half of the band: f ′n = f0 + 1 816.5 + 7 n MHz where: n = 1, . . . 83 f) for systems with a carrier spacing of 3.5 MHz: lower half of the band: fn = f0 + 805 + 3.5 n MHz upper half of the band: f ′n = f0 + 1 813 + 3.5 n MHz where: n = 1, . . . 168. NOTE 1 – The radio-frequency channel arrangements of a) to f) above use channel centre frequencies fn and f ′n selected from the homogeneous pattern of recommends 2. NOTE 2 – Figure 2 gives occupied spectrum in the 22.0-23.6 GHz band. 2 Radio-frequency channel arrangement in the band 22.0-22.6 GHz paired with 23.0-23.6 GHz NOTE 1 – For the centre-gap channel arrangements, see §§ 2 and 3 of this Annex. 2 Frequency 22.59075-22.75875 paired with 22.8427523.01075 GHz These bands are portions of the centre-gap of the channel arrangement shown in § 1, combined with the innermost guardbands of the 3.5 MHz arrangement (see Fig. 3). The preferred channel arrangement for digital point-to-point FWS for carrier spacings of 28 MHz, 14 MHz, 7 MHz and 3.5 MHz should be derived as follows: Let f0 be the reference frequency of 21 196 MHz; fn be the centre frequency of the radio-frequency channel in the lower half of the band (MHz); f ′n be the centre frequency of the radio-frequency channel in the upper half of the band (MHz); TX/RX duplex separation = 252 MHz; centre gap = 84 MHz; then the frequencies of individual channels (Note 1) are expressed by the following relationships: a) for systems with a carrier spacing of 28 MHz: FIGURE
recommends 1 that frequency plans for the 10.0 to 10.68 GHz band should be based on homogeneous patterns; 2 that the homogeneous pattern, for the 10.5 to 10.68 GHz band, with a preferred 3.5 MHz interval be defined by the relation: fn  fr – 1 200.5  3.5 n MHz the reference frequency of the homogeneous pattern is: fr  11 701 MHz and the number of radio-frequency pattern slots is: 1  n  50 (see Annex 1); 3 that the homogeneous pattern, for the 10.55 to 10.68 GHz band, with a preferred 1.25 MHz interval be defined by the relation: fn  fr – 1 151  1.25 n MHz where the reference frequency of the homogeneous pattern is: fr  11 701 MHz and the number of radio-frequency pattern intervals is: 1  n  103 (see Annex 2); 4 that the homogeneous pattern, for the whole 10.0 to 10.68 GHz band, with a preferred 3.5 MHz interval, be defined by the relation: fn  fr – 1701  3.5 n MHz where the reference frequency of the homogeneous pattern is: fr  11 701 MHz and the number of radio-frequency pattern intervals is: 1  n  194 (see Annexes 3 and 4); 5 that the channel spacings, the centre gap, and the distance to the lower and upper band limits, the reference frequency, as well as any further subdivision or combination of radio-frequency channels should be agreed by the administrations concerned, dependent on the application and channel capacity envisaged; 6 that when very high capacity links (e.g. twice STM-1) are required and network coordination permits, with the agreement of the administrations concerned, the use of any two adjacent 28 MHz channels, eventually provided by a specific channel arrangement derived from recommends 4, is possible for wider bandwidth systems with centre frequency lying in the central point of the distance between the two 28 MHz adjacent channels.
where: 1 ≤ p ≤ 1 285 fr : reference frequency of the homogeneous pattern; 3 that the homogeneous pattern with a preferred 2.5 MHz interval be defined by the relation: fp = fr + 2.5 p MHz where: 1 ≤ p ≤ 1 799 fr : reference frequency of the homogeneous pattern; 4 that the reference frequency of the homogeneous pattern for international connections should be 36 000 MHz; 5 that all go channels should be in one half of any bidirectional band, and all return channels in the other; 6 that the channel spacings, XS, the centre gap, YS, and the distance to the lower and upperband limits, Z1S and Z2S, should be agreed by the administrations concerned, dependent on the application and channel capacity envisaged (see Recommendation ITUR F.746 for definitions of XS, YS and ZS); 7 that allocated blocks should result from aggregation of contiguous channels in accordance with the homogeneous patterns. NOTE 1 – Examples of RF channel arrangements based on recommends 2 and 3 are described in Annexes 1 and 2. NOTE 2 – Due regard has to be taken that, in certain countries, a 3.5 MHz homogeneous pattern, interleaved by 1.75 MHz from that referred in recommends 2, is used in conjunction with the main pattern. NOTE 3 – Examples of BWA system block (sub-band) arrangements are described in Annex 3. Annex 1 Radio-frequency channel arrangements in the band 37.0-39.5 GHz used by some CEPT administrations in accordance with recommends 2 The radio-frequency channel arrangement for carrier spacings of 112 MHz, 56 MHz, 28 MHz, 14 MHz, 7 MHz and 3.5 MHz shall be derived as follows: Let f0 be the centre frequency of 38 248 MHz  f  1  (642  3.5) MHz; f be the centre frequency of a RF channel in the half of the band (MHz); be the centre frequency of a RF channel in the upper half of the band (MHz); then the frequencies of individual channels are expressed by the following relationships: a) for systems with a carrier spacing of 112 MHz: