Advantage Global harmonized spectrum Higher power transmission efficiency – Global spectrum availability possible – Flexibility for placement and distance of receiving end – Transmitter can supply power for several receivers within a wide range contemporary. – Increased – Flexibility for placement and distance of receiving end – Transmitter can supply power for several receivers within a wide range contemporary. High efficiency (7085%) – No heat generation at the electrode – Low emission level – horizontal position freedom 5.1 (end) Magnetic induction (low power) Magnetic resonant coupling Magnetic induction (high power) Capacitive coupling Application Areas Portable devices, CE, Industrial Fields, Specific Areas Portable devices, tablets, note-PCs, home appliances (low Home appliance (high power), office equipment Portable devices, tablets, note-PCs, home and office equipment Related Alliances/ international standards Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) [6] A4WP [4 ] Concerned incumbents for spectrum sharing Japan: mobile/fixed radio systems Korea: ISM band Japan: Standard clock radios (40 kHz, 60 kHz) railway radio systems (10250 kHz) Japan: AM Broadcast (5251 606.5 kHz), maritime/ NAVTEX (405526.5 kHz), and amateur radio (472479 kHz). TABLE 5.2 Frequency ranges under study, key parameters, and incumbents systems on WPT systems for EV applications Magnetic resonance and/or induction for electric passenger vehicles Magnetic induction for heavy duty vehicles Application types EV charging in parking (Static) On-Line Electric Vehicle (OLEV) (EV charging while in motion including stopping/parking) Technology Principle magnetic resonance and/or induction magnetic induction
Average 46 dBuV 5- 30 MHz: Quasi-peak 60 dBuV, Average 50 dBuV, except ISM bands –2.0 dBuA/m at 10 m (quasi-peak) is applied 136.414- 230 MHz: 30 dBuV/m; 230- 1 000 MHz: 37 dBuV/m In the case 32 (Ed. 1.0) should be applied, the limits at 3 m in Table A.5 is applied TABLE 6.6 Emission limits for WPT for EV applications in Japan WPT target application Conductive emission limits Radiated emission limits of fundamental wave Radiated emission limits in bands 9-150 kHz 150 kHz - 30 MHz 79-90 kHz 9-150 kHz 150 kHz - 30 MHz 30 MHz - 1 GHz 1-6 GHz WPT for EV charging Not specified 0.15- 0.50 MHz: Quasi-peak 66- 56 dBuV (linearly decreasing with log(f) Average 56- 46 dBuV (linearly decreasing with log(f), 0.50- 5 MHz: 56 dBuV, Average 46 dBuV 68.4 dBuA/m at 10 m. (quasi-peak) 23.1 dBuA/m at 10 m. (quasi-peak), except 79-90 kHz Taking basis on CISPR 11 Ed. 5.1, converting to values at 10 m distance, linearly decreasing with log(f) from 39 dBuA/m at 0.15 MHz to 3 dBuA/m at 30 MHz (1). Exception-1: For 158- 180 kHz, 237-270 kHz, 316-360 kHz, and 3 965- 450 kHz, Taking basis on CISPR 11 Ed. 5.1, the following is applied: 30- 80.872 MHz: 30 dBuV/m; 80.872- 81.88 MHz: 50 dBuV/m; 81.88- 134.786 MHz: 30 dBuV/m; MHz: 50 dBuV/m; 136.414- 230 MHz: 30 dBuV/m; Not specified
• Avoiding the use of WPT systems transmitting power in the amateur radio frequency ranges Magnetic coupling (low-high power for home appliances) 20.05-38 kHz NA 42-58 kHz NA 62-100 kHz NA Capacitive coupling (low power for mobile devices) 425-524 kHz NA Coexistence conditions in assessment: (*1) Amateur radio devices: For capacitive coupling, 472-479 kHz band is an in-band case (sharing the same spectrum). For Amateur Radios, no official interference level requirements or rules from other systems are found. However, an agreement was to exclude this band allocated to Amateur Radios in the WPT operation frequency range and to set appropriate frequency offset. (*2) Public radio systems: 6 765-6 795 kHz is not designated as an ISM band in Japan. However, the regulations’ provisions allow the use for WPT applications in the band. New emission limits for WPT products in this band have been agreed, which may allow coexistence with the incumbent systems and higher transmission power in this band. TABLE 7.3 Summary of WPT for EV coexistence study results and ongoing considerations in Japan WPT for EV Incumbent systems Candidate frequency ranges SCRD (*1) (40 kHz, 60 kHz) ATS (*2) (10-250 kHz) ITRS (*3) (10-250 kHz) AM broadcast (*4) (526.5- 1 606.5 kHz) Amateur radio devices (*5) (135.7- 137.8 kHz) 42-48 kHz Not meet coexistence conditions Not assessed since another condition did not meet Meets coexistence conditions coexistence conditions with the following notes. • Inviting user’s attention to the possibility of interference to AM broadcast radio receivers. • If harmful interference observed, WPT devices shall take appropriate measures Meets coexistence conditions with the following note. • Avoiding the use of WPT systems transmitting power in the amateur radio frequency ranges 52-58 kHz Not meet coexistence conditions Not assessed since another condition did not meet Meets coexistence conditions
79–90 kHz Meets coexistence conditions with the following note. • Inviting user’s attention to the possibility of interference to Standard Clock radio devices Meets coexistence conditions with the following requirement. • Minimum separation distance from the rail of 4.8 m shall be kept Meets coexistence conditions with the following requirement. • Minimum separation distance from the rail of 45 m be kept. • Only one rail track operation uses 80 kHz and 92 kHz where this technical requirement shall be applied 140.91- 148.5 kHz Not assessed since another condition did not meet Not meet coexistence conditions Coexistence conditions in assessment