Annex Operational radiocommunication objectives and requirements for advanced ITS 1 Elements of ITS Based on major services required for ITS, the elements of ITS and the associated RF interfaces are listed in the following sections. For rural area applications, it may be necessary to appropriately tailor these technologies to meet the operational requirements. 1.1 Advanced vehicle control systems Advanced vehicle control systems are oriented to complementing major portions of the driving task. Elements Radio interface options Longitudinal collision avoidance: helps to prevent head-on, or backing collision between vehicles, vehicles to objects or pedestrians radar, high-resolution shortrange radar, millimetre-wave communications Lateral collision avoidance: helps prevent collisions when vehicles leave their lane of travel Short-range radar, high-resolution shortrange radar Intersection collision avoidance: prevent collisions at intersections Short-range vehicle-to-vehicle, toinfrastructure communication, communications, shortrange radar Vision enhancement systems: improves driver’s ability to see the roadway and objects on or along the roadway Forward looking infrared radar, short-range radar (short-range radar) Pre-crash restraint deployment: anticipates an imminent collision and activates passenger safety systems before the collision occurs earlier than is currently feasible Short-range radar, high-resolution shortrange radar Automated road systems Short-range vehicle-to-vehicle communication, short-range radar, short-range vehicletoinfrastructure communication Safety readiness: provides warnings about the condition of the driver, the vehicle and the roadway Shortrange vehicle-toinfrastructure communication, wide area communication 1.2 Advanced traffic management systems Advanced traffic management systems are intended to improve traffic flow and result in more efficient use of the road systems. Elements Radio interface options Traffic network monitoring and control: manages the movement of traffic on streets and highways Radar, short-range vehicletoinfrastructure communication, broadcast, wide area communications Travel demand management: supports policies and regulations designed to mitigate the environmental and social impacts of traffic congestion Short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, broadcast, wide area communication resolution
Safety middle Less than one undetected message error per 100 messages very low Short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication Short-range vehicle-to-vehicle communication Short-range radar High-resolution short-range radar Payment middle to high Less than one undetected message error per 1 000 messages to less than one detected message error per one million messages (ratio of undetected message error per one million messages should be negligibly small) low Short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication Global navigation satellite systems Wide area communication Data casting high Very high: low probability of undetected error middle Short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication Wide area radiocommunication Broadcast Data clipping high Medium best effort vehicle-to-infrastructure communication Wide area radiocommunication Broadcast