Learning continuum for oral language—listening and speaking Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Paraphrase information Identify features of sentence, noun, and verb. Organize thoughts and feelings before speaking. use grammatical rules of the language(s) of instruction (learners may overgeneralize at this stage). Appreciate that language is not always used literally; understand and use the figurative language of their own culture. • Use speech to establish relationships with others. begin to communicate in more than one language Recognize that different forms of grammar are used in different contexts • Retell, relate and sequence events and stories. talk about the stories, writing, pictures and models they have created Hear and appreciate differences between languages Verbalize their thinking and explain their reasoning • Be able to conduct a basic interview.
• Use own grammar style as part of the process of developing grammatical awareness. use oral language to communicate during classroom activities, conversations and imaginative play Understand and use specific vocabulary to suit different purposes Use oral language appropriately, confidently and with increasing accuracy • Reflect on communication to monitor and assess their own learning. • Use the mother tongue (with translation, if necessary) to express needs and explain Ideas. Ask questions to gain information and respond to inquiries directed to themselves or to the class Adapt oral language to suit the purpose and the audience. Realize that grammatical structures can be irregular and begin to use them appropriately and consistently • Use speech responsibly to inform, entertain and influence others. • Realize that people speak different languages Use language to address their needs, express feelings and opinions Recognize patterns in language(s) of instruction and use increasingly accurate grammar Use a range of specific vocabulary in different situations, indicating an awareness that language is influenced by purpose, audience and context • Use register, tone, voice level and intonation to enhance meaning. Follow classroom directions and routines, using context cues Predict likely outcomes when listening to texts read aloud Use language to explain, inquire and compare Organize thoughts and feelings before speaking • Use standard grammatical structures competently in
appropriate situations. Understand simple questions and respond with actions or words Follow two-step directions Participate in a variety of dramatic activities Begin to paraphrase and summarize • Paraphrase and summarize when communicating orally • join in with poems, rhymes, songs and repeated phrases in shared books. Distinguish beginning, medial and ending sounds of words with increasing accuracy Express thoughts, ideas and opinions and discuss them, respecting contributions from others Explain and discuss their own writing with peers and adults. • Show open-minded attitudes when listening to other points of view • Use single words and two word phrases in context. • Obtain simple information from accessible spoken texts Anticipate and predict when listening to text read aloud Argue persuasively and defend a point of view • Argue persuasively and justify a point of view. • Repeat/echo single words • Describe personal experiences. Retell familiar stories in sequence Understand that ideas and opinions can be generated, developed and presented through talk; they work in pairs and groups to develop oral presentations. • Use an increasing vocabulary and more complex sentence structures with a high level of specificity Tell their own stories • Follow classroom Follow multi-step Listen reflectively to • Infer meanings, draw
using words, gestures, and objects/ artifacts instructions, showing understanding. directions stories read aloud in order to identify story structures and ideas. conclusions and make judgments about oral presentations • Interact effectively with peers and adults in familiar social settings • Memorize and join in with poems, rhymes and songs. Pick out main events and relevant points in oral texts Identify and expand on main ideas in familiar oral texts • Listen and respond appropriately to instructions, questions and explanations. Name classmates, teachers and familiar classroom and playground objects • listen to and enjoy stories read aloud; show understanding by responding in oral, written or visual form. listen to a variety of oral presentations including stories, poems, rhymes and reports and respond with increasing confidence and detail Listen for a specific purpose in a variety of situations • Contribute relevant and modify ideas and opinions through discussion Use gestures, actions, body language and/or words to communicate needs and to express ideas. • listen and respond in small or large groups for increasing periods of time. • listen attentively and speak appropriately in small and large group interactions. Listen appreciatively and responsively, presenting their own point of view and respecting the views of others. • Participate appropriately as listener and speaker, in discussions, conversations, debates and group presentations