-Make people feel happier -Reduce flooding via reducing runoff -Reduce air pollution -Less co2 released -Collect household recycling -Websites e.g. Freecycle recycle for free. Examples: SUSTAINABLE CITY = CURITIBA Social Sustainability 26 parks for recreation and exercise. They are also sued as natural flood defences Pedestrianised areas 700 people moved out of the slums into good quality housing Recycling 5kg of rubbish for 1kg of and veg and bus tickets – The Green Swap Programme. 70% of households do this. Economic Sustainability There is an Industrial City 10 km West of the city, to provide jobs for its citizens. 200,000 new homes were built in the industrial zone so people could cycle to work 550 factories built to provide a range of jobs e.g. Volvo Cheap buses circulate the city and arrive every 60 seconds Environmental Sustainability Sheep mow the 27 parks so petrol lawn mowers are not used Triple articulated buses come every 60 seconds which are used heavily in the city. They hold more passengers 1.5 million trees planted SUSTAINABLE URBAN LIVING/COMMUNITY = BEDZED Social sustainability 100 homes so people know each other The houses are affordable housing. This means you only pay what you can afford to pay for them, based on your wage Roof top gardens to grown organic fruit and veg with no chemicals Economic sustainability 500m from the nearest train station so people can access their jobs 81% less heating so the bills are cheaper A appliance so they used less electricity meaning cheaper bills Environmental sustainability Z Car Share Scheme. The cars run on electricity South facing homes so no need for heating 777m2 of solar panels Recycle rainwater for toilet How transport strategies are used to reduce traffic congestion
Distinctive coastal landforms are the result of rock type, structure and physical process *The geology (rock type) affects the coast as if the area is made of soft rock then it will erode very quickly* CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMATION OF LANDFORMS RESULTING FROM EROSION LANDFORM CHARACTERISTICS FORMATION HEADLANDS AND BAYS Headlands and bays happen at DISCORDANT coastlines. This there are bands of hard and soft rock that meet at right angles to the coast. Headlands: It is a that juts out into the sea surrounded by water on three sides. Made of hard rock, such as granite, chalk or limestone. They have near vertical cliff faces. Bays: They are crescent shaped and are found between two headlands due to the erosion of soft rock, such as clay. They have a beach made of sand or shingle. They have low energy constructive making them. is a discordant coastline where there is hard rock (e.g. sandstone and chalk) and soft rock (e.g clay). The waves start to attack it The waves start differential erosion. The soft rock is eroded by hydraulic action and attrition. The less resistant soft rock is eroded at a faster rate which causes a bay to form. The hard, resistant rock forms a headland that sticks out into sea. Sand is deposited into the bay to form a beach. LANDFORM CHARACTERISTICS FORMATION CLIFFS WAVE CUT PLATFORMS Cliffs Made of sandstone Horizontal bedding Rocks at the base Wave cut platforms Deep cracks in the rocks Slope down to the sea at angle Smooth rock due to attrition 1.Freeze-thaw weathering weakens the upper part of the cliff. 2. Waves cause most erosion at the foot of the cliff, undercutting it through hydraulic action and abrasion. This forms a wave-cut notch, which is enlarged as erosion continues.