ICP.1.2 Describe the slope of the graphical representation of position vs. clock reading (time) in terms of the velocity of the object moving in one dimension. One dimension – only variable with motion is linear Energy and matter Stability and change ICP.1.3 Distinguish between the terms “distance” and “displacement”, and determine the value of either given a graphical or mathematical representation of position vs. clock reading (time). Distance - scalar quantity that refers to "how much ground an object has covered" during its motion. Displacement - vector quantity that refers to "how far out of place an object is"; it is the object's overall change in position. Energy and matter Stability and change ICP.1.4 Distinguish between the terms “speed,” “velocity,” “average speed,” and “average velocity” and determine the value of any of these measurements given either a graphical or mathematical representation. Speed – how fast an object is moving Velocity – the rate at which an object changes its position Average – distance traveled divided by the time elapsed Average velocity – displacement divided by the time. Energy and matter Stability and change
Standard 2: Uniform Acceleration Indiana Academic Standard Clarifying Statement Highlighted Vocabulary Words from the Standard Defined Crosscutting Concept ICP.2.1 Develop graphical, mathematical, and pictorial representations (such as a motion map) that describe the relationship between the clock reading (time) and velocity of an object moving at a constant acceleration and apply those representations to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the motion of an object in terms of its change in position or velocity. Constant acceleration – object changing its velocity by the same amount each second Systems and system models Energy and matter ICP.2.2 Describe the differences between average velocity and instantaneous velocity and be able to determine either quantity given a graph of position vs clock reading (time). Average velocity – displacement divided by the time Instantaneous velocity – velocity of an object in motion at a specific point in time Energy and matter ICP.2.3 For an object thrown vertically, qualitatively describe or quantitatively determine the velocity and acceleration at various positions during its motion. Qualitatively – evaluated based on observations Quantitatively – involving the measurement of quantity or amount Energy and matter Stability and change
ICP.5.5 Evaluate graphical or pictorial representations that describe the relationship the volume, temperature, and number of molecules and the pressure exerted by the system to qualitatively and quantitatively describe how changing any of those variables affects the others. Volume – the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container molecules – a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction Pressure – continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it Patterns Stability and change ICP.5.6 Describe and demonstrate how the kinetic theory can be extended to describe the properties of liquids and solids by introducing attractive forces between the particles. Kinetic theory – physical properties of matter in terms of the motions of its constituent particles Liquids – state of matter that flowing freely but of constant volume Solids – state of matter that is firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid Constant volume and shape Attractive force – residual attractive or repulsive forces between molecules or atomic groups that do not arise from a covalent bond, or electrostatic interaction of ions or of ionic groups Systems and system models ICP.5.7 Analyze a heating / cooling curve to describe how adding or removing thermal energy from a system changes the temperature or state of an object and be able to identify the melting and freezing temperatures of the system. Heating/cooling curve – line graph that represents the change of phase of matter, typically from a gas to a solid or a liquid to a solid. The independent variable (X-axis) is time and the dependent variable (Y-axis) is temperature Melting temperature– temperature at a given material changes from a solid to a liquid, or melts Freezing temperature– temperature at a liquid changes into a solid; the same temperature as the melting point and effect Energy and matter ICP.5.8 Collect and use experimental data to determine the number of items in a sample without actually counting them and qualitatively relate this to Avogadro's hypothesis. Avogadro’s hypothesis – volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules Systems and system models
ICP.6.3 Cite the evidence that supports the idea that some pure substances are combined of elements in a definite ratio, as for example seen in electrolysis of water. Pure substances – material that is composed of only one type of particle Systems and system models Structure and function ICP.6.4 Given the periodic table, determine the atomic mass, atomic number, and charges for any element. Periodic table – table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns Atomic mass – mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units. It is approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of different isotopes Atomic number – number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table Charges – an excess or deficiency of electrons in a body Systems and system models Structure and function ICP.6.5 a periodic table, understand and describe the significance of column location for the elements by calculation of molar ratios of known compounds. ratios – ratio of moles of one substance to the moles of another substance in a balanced chemical equation Patterns Scale, proportion, and quantity ICP.6.6 Develop graphical and mathematical representations that describe the relationship between volume and mass of an object, describe the slope in terms of the object’s density, and apply those representations to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the mass or volume of any object. Density – quantity of mass per unit volume Scale, proportion, and quantity Structure and function
ICP.7.3 Differentiate the types of reactions, for example: synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, and double replacement. Synthesis – chemical reaction in two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex product Decomposition – separation of a chemical compound into elements or simpler compounds Combustion – exothermic reaction in which something reacts with oxygen. The combustion of organic compounds usually takes the form organic compound + oxygen => water + carbon dioxide Single replacement – chemical reaction when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another - that is, one element is replaced by another in a compound Double replacement – cations and anions switch between two reactants to form new products Patterns Systems and system models ICP.7.4 Using balanced equations and stoichiometric calculations, demonstrate the principle of Conservation of Matter in terms of atoms and mass. Stoichiometric calculations – relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction or forming a compound, typically a ratio of whole integers, relating various amounts/values amongst a chemical reaction. proportion, and quantity Standard 8: Electricity and Magnetism Indiana Academic Standard Clarifying Statement Highlighted Vocabulary Words from the Standard Defined Crosscutting Concept ICP.8.1 Describe electrical current in terms of the motion of electrons within a device and relate the rate of motion of the electrons to the amount of current measured. Electrical current – flow of electric charge Electrons – stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids Systems and system models Energy and matter
ICP.9.2 Develop and apply a simple mathematical model regarding the relationship among frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves in a medium as well. Frequency – measurement of the number of that a repeated event occurs per unit of time Wavelength – distance between waves, distance for one wave to complete Speed – distance a wave travels per unit time Medium – substance that makes possible the transfer of energy from one location to another and effect ICP.9.3 Qualitatively describe the reflection and transmission of a mechanical wave at either a or free boundary or interface. Reflection – process by which a wave, whether light, sound, infrared, or radio waves, hits an object and bounces off it Transmission – allow the passage of (particles, energy, etc) Mechanical wave – wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium Fixed boundary – medium is not allowed to move at the boundary point Free boundary – medium is allowed to move at the boundary point and effect Systems and system models ICP.9.4 Describe how interacting waves produce different phenomena than singular waves in a medium(e.g. periodic changes in volume of sound or resonance) Resonance – reinforcement or prolongation of sound by reflection from a surface or by the synchronous vibration of a neighboring object Energy and matter ICP.9.5 Describe and provide examples of how modern technologies use mechanical or electromagnetic waves and their interactions to transmit information. Mechanical wave – wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium Electromagnetic waves – electric field couples with a magnetic field Systems and system models Standard 10: Nuclear Energy Indiana Academic Standard Clarifying Statement Highlighted Vocabulary Words from the Standard Defined Crosscutting Concept