Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT), 2013, “WisDOT Bridge Manual”, Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Madison, WI (available online: ). Zande, D.J. and Horner, M.P., 1994, “Beneficial Uses of Dredged Material on The Upper Great Lakes”, Dredging ’94, 654-663. TABLES
Table 3.2 Soil Properties in Backfill of MSE Wall Wall backfill Classification Description USCS Classification Friction Angle () Range Hydraulic Conductivity Range (cm/s) Good Sand, Gravel, Stone 32º - 36º 102 - 10-2 Moderate Silty Sands, Clayey Sands SM,SC 28º - 32º 10-2 - 10-6 Difficult Silts, Low Plastic Clays ML,CL,OL 25º - 30º 10-6 - 10-10 Bad High Plastic Silts and Clay, Organics CH,MH,OH,Pt 0º - 25º 10-6 - 10-10
Table 5.4 Geotechnical Results of DM Samples in Waukegan Harbor Geotechnical Properties Atterberg Limits Moisture Content (%) Specific Gravity Organic Content (%) Standard Compaction Direct Shear LL (%) PI (%) Opt. Water Content (%) Max. Dry Density (pcf) Cohesion (psf) Friction Angle (deg.) Average 33.6 9.3 68 2.5 3.0 15 103.2 143 34.6 Maximum 49.8 17.6 121 2.7 7.9 15.6 106.4 200 35 Minimum 24.5 3.8 28.7 2.3 0.4 14.1 99.6 100 34.1 Number of Samples 7 9 44 3
Table 5.6 Geotechnical Results of DM Samples in Indiana Harbor Geotechnical Properties Atterberg Limits Moisture Content (%) Specific Gravity Compaction Hydraulic Conductivity (cm/sec) Consolidated-Undrained (CU) Unconsolidated-Undrained (UU) LL (%) PI (%) Opt. Water Content (%) Max. Dry Density (pcf) Total Cohesion (psf) Total Friction Angle (deg.) Effective Cohesion (psf) Effective Angle (deg.) Cohesion (psf) Friction Angle (deg.) Average 42 19.3 32.5 2.70 18.8 103.0 2.06E-07 104.9 25.7 63.7 36.5 1036.7 14.8 Maximum 48 24 42.6 2.71 19.3 108.7 4.82E-07 147.4 29.4 111 36.5 1124 23.7 Minimum 36 17 17.9 2.69 18 99 6.14E-08 24.2 20.9 15.2 36.4 968 0 Number of Samples 3
Table 5.8 Geotechnical Results of DM Samples in Calumet Harbor Geotechnical Properties Atterberg Limits w (%) Gs Dry Density (psf) n (%) Consolidated-Undrained (CU) Unconsolidated-Undrained (UU) LL (%) PI (%) Total Cohesion (psf) Total Friction Angle (deg.) Effective Cohesion (psf) Effective Angle (deg.) Cohesion (psf) Friction Angle (deg.) Average 43.8 16 32.5 2.70 18.8 103 380 21.1 140 30.8 100 3.4 Maximum 47 17 42.6 2.71 19.3 108.7 720 36.5 250 33.9 130 6.7 Minimum 40 15 17.9 2.69 18 99 40 5.6 30 27.6 70 0 Number of Samples 4 12 2
Continued Soil Classification Soil Value as Transportation Sectors USCS (1) Symbols (2) Embankment (13) Subgrade (14) Subbase (15) Base (16) Backfill in MSE Wall (17) Gravel and Gravelly Soil GW excellent excellent excellent good good to excellent GP fair to good excellent to good good good to fair excellent GM fair to good excellent to good good to fair good to unsuitable2 good to fair GC fair to good good fair poor to unsuitable fair Sand and Sandy Soil SW excellent good good to fair poor good SP fair to good good to fair fair poor to unsuitable good SM fair to good good to fair good to poor1 poor to unsuitable fair SC fair to good good to fair poor unsuitable poor Silt and Clay (LL<50) ML poor fair to poor unsuitable unsuitable very poor to unsuitable CL good fair to poor unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable OL unsuitable poor unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable Silt and Clay (LL>50) MH unsuitable poor unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable CH fair poor unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable OH unsuitable poor to very poor unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable Note: 1, If LL<25 and PI, SM’ value as subbase ranged from fair to good. Otherwise, SM's value as subbase ranged from poor to fair. 2, If LL<25 and PI, GM’s value as base ranged from fair to good. Otherwise, GM's value as subbase ranged from poor to unsuitable. a, geotechdata.info b, Average values of compacted soils from Western United States (USBR) c, According USBR, k less than 1 ft/year as impervious (no drainage), k between 1 and 100 ft./year as semipervious (poor); k greater than 100 ft./year as pervious (good) d, American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA) Table 7.1 Geotechnical properties of the RDM in Milwaukee Harbor CDF