annual basis) ARR and PIR Project Team UNDP-CO UNDP-GEF None Annually Quarterly progress reports Project team None Quarterly CDRs Project Manager None Quarterly Issues Log Project Manager UNDP CO Program Staff None Quarterly Risks Log Project Manager UNDP Program Staff None Quarterly Lessons Learned Log Project Manager UNDP CO Program Staff None Quarterly Mid-Term Evaluation Project Team UNDP- CO UNDP-GEF Regional Coordinating Unit External Consultants (i.e. evaluation team) 50,000 At the mid-point of project implementation. Final (Terminal) Evaluation Project team, UNDP-CO UNDP-GEF Regional Coordinating Unit External Consultants (i.e. evaluation team) 50,000 At the end of project implementation Terminal Report Project team UNDP-CO local consultant 0 At least one month before the end of the project Lessons learned Project team UNDP-GEF Regional Coordinating Unit (suggested formats for documenting best practices, etc) 15,000 (average 3,000 per year) Yearly Audit UNDP-CO Project Team 4,000 Yearly TOTAL indicative COST Excluding project team staff time and UNDP staff and travel expenses US$ 184,000 PART V: LEGAL This Project Document shall be the instrument referred to as such in Article I of the Standard Basic Assistance Agreement between the Government of China and the United Nations Development Program. The host country-implementing agency shall, for the purpose of the Standard Basic Assistance Agreement, refer to the government co-operating agency described in that Agreement.
SECTION II: STRATEGIC RESULTS FRAMEWORK (SRF) AND GEF INCREMENT PART I: STRATEGIC RESULTS FRAMEWORK SRF Objective/ Outcome Indicator Baseline End of Project target Source of Information Risks and assumptions Objective – To strengthen the sub-system of wetland protected areas to respond to existing and emerging threats to their globally significant biodiversity. GEF Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) scores of the six Provincial Projects of the MSL Program Average score of the 41 protected areas in the six provincial projects of the MSL Program is 47 (Annex 7) Average of the 41 protected areas in the six project provinces METT increasing to a score of 64 METT Scorecards from Projects Risks: Slow and/or incomplete delivery of METTs. Assumptions: Stakeholders are properly trained to fill-out and understand METTs. Strong central-level coordination and communication functions at SFA. METTs deliver added value to management. Level of adoption of the GEF Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) at the wetland PA sub-system level Currently no systematic use of the METT At the end of the project, 20% of the country's wetland PAs will have adopted the use of the METT as a regular monitoring tool. METT Scorecards and statistics collected and collated by the SFA UNDP Capacity Assessment Scorecard for selected agencies involved or impacting upon wetland management (annex 6) SFA (50%) MEP (55%) SOA (54%) Additional agencies to be added at Project Inception (Annex 6) An Increase of 25 percentage point for each Agency, i.e., SFA to 75%, MEP to 80%, SOA to 79%, others TBD UNDP Capacity Assessment Scorecards (Annex 6) Risks: Slow and/or incomplete delivery of the Scorecards. Assumptions: Staff at SFA is properly trained to fill-out and understand the PART
lessons sharing, and awareness for wetland PAs. users including their usefulness. wetland data at the sub-system level. wetland PA data from all the PA agencies providing necessary information for wetland PA managers for their management decision making investment in the upkeep of the platform Assumptions: There is a need to use the platform (demand). 3.2. Public and government have better understanding and better access to information about wetland issues, indicated by results of the KAP surveys (Annex 4) KAP survey has been commissioned through the PPG and a baseline has been measured for the national level project in Beijing and for some of the provincial projects. The baseline is a score of 111.5 of 216 in Beijing (52%). 30% improvement in KAP survey results (i.e., a score of 173 or 82%). KAP Survey results (3 times: PPG, and Closing) Risks: Weak statistical significance due to low response rate. Assumptions: KAP survey reflects attitude and intention. 3.3. Magnitude and coverage of lessons disseminated. No program level system to track or disseminate lessons. Programmatic monitoring system in place as per the Program Framework and program level reporting is in place. Lessons documented and shared widely. Wetland PA Program Steering and Coordination Forum established Program reports at mid-term and end of the project by the SFA Risks: Individual sub-projects’ implementation timing differs significantly Assumptions: Lessons from all projects can be synthesized.
sites as well as upgrading protection category of PAs will be supported, the sites will be confined within the mainland China and Hainan Island. In addition, the project acts the central hub of the MSL Program. Therefore, the project’s boundaries also include specifically each of the seven provincial-level projects of the Program. Summary of Costs The GEF financing for the project totals US$2,654,771. Total co-financing for the project is US$16,800,000. The total co-financing is broken down as follows: a) US$5,390,295 for Component 1; b) US$7,388,139 for Component 2; c) US$3,186,204 for Component 3; and d) US$835,362 for project management. Co-financing is provided by the Government in cash, in kind, and UNDP. The two tables below detail the co-financing commitment to the project. Name of Co-financier (source) Classification Type Project % State Forestry Administration Government Grant 11,920,000 70.95 State Forestry Administration Government In kind 3,980,000 23.69 UNDP GEF Agency Grant 900,000 5.35 Total Co-financing 16,800,000 100.00 Baseline analysis Major Performance Area Current Status Remarks Institutional Capacity for the Management of the Wetland Protected Area Sub-System Coordination: - National Ramsar Committee effectiveness: uncertain. - Coordination with NGOs, specialized groups: not effective. - Coordination with media: effective. - International cooperation: passive, not proactive. - Contribute to Ramsar Convention, East Flyway Partnership, CBD, and CMS: only active in Ramsar. Implementation: - Legislation: national regulation on wetlands, in particular, the content on wetland protected areas (reserves and parks) relevant to wetlands: under consultation. - Management instrument, such as national laws that relevant to wetlands: not yet developed - Manage a comprehensive system of wetland protected area system coverage: 50.5% Monitoring and Assessment: - Monitoring guidelines: under development - Third party assessment mechanism: not yet in place SFA: Responsibilities assigned by the State Council: Organizing and coordinating national wetland conservation and management Implementation of Ramsar Convention Supervise the implementation of national wetland conservation Setup wetland parks, and conservation plots Inspection and enforce wetland conservation and management Develop guidelines
Mainstream wetland conservation and management into government decision Mainstream wetland conservation into legislations: not yet at national level Mainstream wetland conservation into national policy and social economic development plans: yes but partial Mainstream wetland conservation in sector development plans: only specifically in forestry sector, not consistent with water, agriculture, and environment sectors. Draft national and regional wetland conservation plans Knowledge Management, Lessons Sharing and Awareness Communication, Education and Public Awareness: - Website: in place (number of viewers unknown). - Awareness campaign, WWD celebrations, news items. - Communication and education materials. Mechanism to Share Inventory and Monitoring data: not yet - Web access to data: not yet - Information services: not yet Public Participation in Monitoring of Protected Areas, and Share of Information: not yet Share and Exchange of Wetland Management Practices and Science Advances - Forum, or annual meetings: not yet - Exhibition: yes, but not systematic and dynamic. TABLE 8 - INCREMENTAL COST MATRIX SUMMARY Benefit Baseline (B) Alternative (A) Increment (A-B) Global benefits Global benefits generated through conservation of wetlands individually, without consideration for ecological representativeness, and with various degrees of To deliver global biodiversity benefits by conserving China’s wetlands through the strengthening of the sub-system of wetland PAs, thus enhancing
Province / Site Scope of project Threats to wetlands Key wetland ES Key sectors Key features for economic assessment / sustainable finance study Hainan Terrestrial wetland PAs including catchment PAs inland, main focus on mangrove PAs along the coast. Logging Land clearing for agriculture and rubber plantations, infrastructure development, tourism Clearance of mangroves for coastal development including tourism facilities Conversion of mangroves to aquaculture ponds Duck farming in mangrove areas Overexploitation of wetland resources such as fish and shellfish Pollution and disease from sewage, aquaculture ponds and agriculture Electronic fishing Invasive alien species Provision of food (commercial & subsistence) Tourism potential Carbon sequestration Coastal protection (including: erosion resistance; storm defense; vertical accretion through sediment capture; and biomass accretion) Removal of nutrients and pollutants Nutrient cycling (basis of coastal / marine food chains) Spawning / nursery area for coastal fish, shrimps & other species Tourism Marine fisheries Aquaculture Agriculture Coastal protection Forestry Economic land use study comparing sustainable use of mangroves (including tourism if appropriate) with its conversion to shrimp farms, agricultural land, including distributional analysis, identification of opportunities for new financing mechanisms, and alternative livelihoods. To be undertaken at Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve. Focus on the value of mangrove coastal protection function given increased risk of typhoons / flooding, linking with climate change adaptation agenda. A provincial scale assessment of mangrove coastal protection functions Development of business plan for Dongzhaigang
Daxing’anling Region, straddling the northwest of Heilongjiang Province & the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Daxing’anling Mountains & Wetland Landscape Wetlands & Forests Conversion of wetlands to agriculture Forest degradation Over harvesting of timber resulting in land degradation Development pressures from mining, wood processing industries, marketing of NTFPs and tourism Forest fires Climate Change Food Water Natural medicine Regulation of GHG Micro-climate stabilization Water purification and regulation Nutrient retention Recreation and ecotourism Forestry Mining, Animal Husbandry Farming Economics assessment of sustainable versus unsustainable development of the area and resulting impact on key productive sectors (mining, forestry, tourism) at demonstration sites Duobuku’er NNR and Genheyuan WNP Focus on use of wetland products for subsistence purposes and carbon sequestration (valuation and potential carbon finance) Focus on water provision and water use by different sectors and opportunity for the development of potential PES scheme. Development of business plan Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region / Altai Mountains Provincial level Landscape level Site level (introduce government scheme) Population growth Illegal timber harvesting Overgrazing Gold mining (and related pollution) Tourism development Planned construction of natural gas pipeline & associated road Climate change Food Water Natural medicines Ornamental resources Microclimatic stabilization Carbon sinks (related to large peat deposits) Water regulation and Oil and Petrochemicals Agriculture Cost Benefit Analysis of sustainable versus unsustainable development of the area (grazing, tourism, NTFPs, water) for Altai Mountains and Wetlands Landscape (AMWL) . Focus on carbon valuation and finance, water use and pricing, development of local livelihoods Development of business plan
Pollution from mining, agriculture and households Jiangxi Poyang Lake wetland complex is the target area and demonstration site Climate change Conversion of wetlands for aquaculture, agriculture, tree and reed plantations Sand mining Hunting of protected water fowl Invasive species Overfishing and unsustainable fishing practices (e.g. draining of ponds) Food (agricultural production and livestock grazing) Fisheries Water regulation and storage; flood retention, Carbon sequestration Recreation and Agriculture Fisheries Aquaculture Tourism CBA of alternative management options for Poyang Lake Economic valuation of key ecosystem services provided by wetlands, including water storage / flood control; fisheries / aquaculture; agriculture; tourism
ANNEX 5. LIST OF WETLANDS (2010, SFA and MEP) 5a. List of National Wetland Nature Reserve (total number 99, total area 28,022,629 Ha) No. Province Name of National Nature Reserve Location Area(Ha) Main Object of Protection Level Authority in Charge 1 Tianjin Ancient Coast and Wetlands NNR Tianjin Binhai District 27730 Shell Bar, oysters ancient coast beaches and coastal wetland sites NNR Oceanic 2 Hebei Changli Gold Coast NNR Changli County, Qinhuangdao City, NorthestHebei 9150 Coastal landscape and ecological environment NNR Oceanic 3 Hebei Hengshui Lake NNR HebeiHengshui City 28300 Inland freshwater wetland ecosystem and national I, II protection levels birds NNR Forestry 4 Inner Mongolia Tumuji NNR Eastern Inner Mongolia 9300 Protection of Great Bustard, Crane, White Stork and other world endangered species NNR Environmental Protection 5 Inner Mongolia Horqin NNR Horqin Right County 126987 Rare birds and typical wetland landscape of Mongolian steppe NNR Environmental Protection 6 Inner Mongolia Huihe NNR Hulunbeir City 346848 Many rare and endangered bird species NNR Environmental Protection 7 Inner Mongolia Dalai Lake NNR Hulunbeir City 740000 National I, II protection levels birds, including cranes, storks and birds of prey category NNR Forestry 8 Inner Mongolia Alukerqinqi Grassland NNR Alukerqinqi County 136794 Grasslands, wetlands, and rare birds NNR Environmental Protection 9 Inner Mongolia Ordos Relict Gull NNR Ordos City 14770 Relict Gull and its habitat NNR Forestry 10 Inner Mongolia GogostaiHaan NNR Alukerqinqi County 106284 Forest, grassland, wetland ecosystems and rare animals NNR Forestry 11 Liaoning Fairy Cave NNR Zhuanghe City 3575 Red pine, oak forest and natural landscape NNR Forestry 12 Liaoning Snake NNR Lushunkou District, Dalian 17000 Saxatilis snake, the snake special ecosystems and migratory birds NNR Environmental Protection
23 Jilin Hani NNR Liuhe County 22230 Mountains wetlands, mainly swamps NNR Forestry 24 Jilin Upper reaches of the Yalu River NNR Changbai County 20306 Rare cold-water fish and their habitats NNR Water Resources 25 Jilin Boluo Lake NNR Nongan County 24915 Wetland ecosystem and rare birds NNR Forestry 26 Heilongjiang Wuyiling NNR Yichun City 14663 Forest wetland ecosystems and biodiversity NNR Forestry 27 Heilongjiang BaoqingQixing River NNR Baoqing County 20800 Inland wetland ecosystem NNR Environmental 28 Heilongjiang Hong River NNR Tongjiang City 21835 Original marsh ecosystems and rare NNR Environmental 29 Heilongjiang Dongfanghong Wetlands NNR Wulin City 31516 Natural wetlands ecosystems and national key protected wildlife and their habitats NNR Forestry 30 Heilongjiang Bacha Island NNR Tongjiang City 32104 Inland wetlands and aquatic ecosystem NNR Environmental Protection 31 Heilongjiang Zhenbaodao Wetlands NNR Hulin City 44364 National key protected plants and birds NNR Forestry 32 Heilongjiang Nali River NNR Heilongjiang 97950 Wetlands Ecosystems NNR Environmental Protection 33 Heilongjiang Hongxing Wetlands NNR Yichun City 111995 Forest wetland ecosystems, rare species and wetland biodiversity NNR Forestry 34 Heilongjiang Sangjiang NNR Fuyuan County and Tongjiang City 198089 Marsh NNR Forestry 35 Heilongjiang Zhalong NNR Qiqihar City 210000 Red-crowned Crane, rare birds and wetland ecosystems NNR Forestry 36 Heilongjiang Dazhanhe Wetlands NNR Xiaoxing'anling Mountains 211618 Hooded Crane and other rare water birds NNR Forestry 37 Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake NNR Southeast Mishan City 222488 Red-crowned Crane and wetland ecosystems NNR Forestry 38 Heilongjiang Nanweng River NNR North Xiaoxing'anling 229523 Forests, marshes, meadows and water and wildlife NNR Forestry
39 Heilongjiang Hooded Crane Xinqing NNR Yichun City 62567 Hooded Crane, moose, other rare animals and their habitats NNR Forestry 40 Shanghai ChongmingDongtan Bird NNR Shanghai City 24155 Migratory birds NNR Forestry 41 Shanghai Jiuduansha wetlands NNR Shanghai City 42320 Rare birds, estuarine wetlands NNR Environmental Protection 42 Jiangsu Dafeng elk NNR Southeast Dafeng City 78000 Elk and their habitats NNR Forestry 43 Jiangsu Yancheng Coastal Beach Rare Birds NNR Yancheng City 453000 Wetland ecosystems, Red-crowned Crane NNR Environmental Protection 44 Jiangsu Hongze Lake Wetland NNR Southeast Sihong County 49365 Wetland ecosystem, the Great Bustard and other birds, fish spawning grounds and the geological section NNR Environmental Protection 45 Zhejiang Nanji Islands Oceanic NNR Pingyang County 20106 Shellfish in the intertidal zone NNR Oceanic 46 Zhejiang XiangshanJiangshan Islands NNR Xiangshan County 114950 Large yellow croaker, squid Man needle, finless porpoise, crested terns and other breeding birds, and associated reef ecosystems NNR Oceanic 47 Anhui Tongling Freshwater Dolphin NNR Suburb of Tongling City 31518 Baiji and Yangtze finless porpoise and other rare animals NNR Environmental Protection 48 Anhui ShengjinLakeNNR With Guichi City and Dongzhi 33333 Wintering White Storks, other rare birds and wetland ecosystems NNR Forestry 49 Anhui Chinese alligator NNR Xuancheng County 44300 Chinese alligator and their habitats NNR Forestry 50 Fujian Zhangjiangkou Mangrove NNR Yunxiao County 2360 Mangrove wetland ecosystems, endangered plant and animal species, Southeast coastal aquatic germplasm resources NNR Forestry 51 Fujian Shenhu Bay ancient forest relics NNR Jinjiang City and Shishi City 3400 Oyster reefs and undersea remains of ancient forest NNR Oceanic 52 Fujian Xiamen Rare OceanicSpecies NNR Xiamen City 7588 Chinese white dolphins, Xiamen amphioxus , egrets, rock Heron, Egret, Great Egret, Chinese Egret, NNR Oceanic
Night Heron, Pond Heron, Cattle Egret, Grey Heron, Little Curlew, including 12 species of protected species 53 Jiangxi Poyang Lake Migratory Birds NNR Yongxiu County 22400 Rare migratory birds and wetland ecosystems NNR Forestry 54 Jiangxi Nanji Wetlands NNR Xingjian County 33300 Gan River estuary wetland ecological system NNR Forestry 55 Shandong Rongcheng Whooper Swan NNR Chengshan Town 1675 Whooper Swan, other endangered birds and wetland ecosystems NNR Forestry 56 Shandong Binzhou Chenier islands and Wetland NNR Wudi Town 80480 Chenier islands, coastal wetlands NNR Oceanic 57 Shandong Yellow River Delta NNR Dongyang City 153000 Native wetland ecosystem and birds NNR Forestry 58 Shandong Chang Island NNR Changdao Town 501520 Eagles, falcons, other birds of prey and habitat for migratory birds NNR Forestry 59 Henan Xinxiang Yellow River Wetlands NNR East Xinxiang City 22780 Swans, cranes and other rare birds and inland wetland ecosystem NNR Environmental Protection 60 Henan Dan River Wetland NNR Zhechuan Town 64027 Aquatic, terrestrial wildlife and their habitats formed secondary inland wetland ecosystem NNR Forestry 61 Henan Henan Yellow River Wetland NNR Sanmenxia City, Luoyang City, Jiaozuo City, Jiyuan City, etc. 36574 Rare birds and wetland ecosystems NNR Forestry 62 Hubei Shishou Elk NNR Shishou City 1567 Elk and their habitats NNR Environmental Protection 63 Hubei Yangtze River TianezhouBaiji NNR Shishou City 3000 Baiji, finless porpoise, other aquatic wildlife and their habitat NNR Agriculture 64 Hubei Yangtze River XinluoBaiji NNR Hubei Gonghu, Puqi, Jiayu, and Hunan Linxiang four counties junction 13500 The baiji and the ecological environment NNR Agriculture
79 Hainan Tongguling NNR WenchangCity 4400 Tropical evergreen monsoon elfin ecosystem and its wildlife, sea erosion, coral reefs and benthic organisms NNR Environmental Protection 80 Hainan Dazhou Island marine ecosystem NNR Wanning Town 7000 Swiftlet, marine island ecosystems NNR Oceanic 81 Hainan Sanya Coral Reef NNR Sanya City 8500 Coral reefs and their ecosystems NNR Oceanic 82 Sichuan Baishui River NNR Dabao Town 30150 Giant pandas and other rare and endangered plants and animals NNR Forestry 83 Sichuan Zoige Wetland NNR Zoige Town 166570.6 Alpine peat bog wetland ecosystems and black-necked cranes and other rare wild animals NNR Forestry 84 Sichuan Yangtze River rare, endemic fish NNR Yangtze River hejiang-leibo segment 33174.21 Diversity of the Upper Yangtze River fish stocks and Yangtze River Natural Environment NNR Water Resources 85 Guizhou Caohai NNR Weining Town 9600 Black-necked cranes and plateau wetland ecosystem NNR Forestry 86 Yunnan CangshanErhai NNR Dali City 79700 Plateau freshwater lakes and aquatic animals and plants, animal and plant transition zone north and south of natural landscape, glaciers NNR Environmental Protection 87 Yunnan Huize black-necked cranes NNR Huize Town 12911 Black-necked cranes and their wintering wetland ecosystem NNR Environmental Protection 88 Yunnan Dashanbao Crane NNR Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City 19200 Black-necked cranes, other rare birds and their habitats NNR Forestry 89 Tibet Lalu wetland NNR Lhasa 620 Black-necked crane and wetland ecosystems NNR Forestry 90 Tibet Brahmaputra Grand Canyon NNR Motuo Town 614350 Band spectrum with the vertical mountain and wildlife NNR Forestry 91 Tibet Selin Lake NNR Shenzha Town 2032380 Breeding black-necked cranes, the plateau wetland ecosystem NNR Forestry 92 Shaanxi Hanzhong Crested Ibis NNR Hanzhong District 37549 Endangered rare birds and their habitats NNR Forestry
93 Gansu DunhuangXihu Lake NNR West Dunhuang City 660000 Wetland ecosystem, desert ecosystem and rare wildlife and their habitats NNR Forestry 94 Gansu DunhuangYangguan NNR Dunhuang City 88178 Wetland ecosystems and migratory birds NNR Environmental Protection 95 Gansu ZhangyeHeihe wetlands NNR Gaotai、Ganzhou and Linze 41165 Wetlands and rare birds NNR Environmental Protection 96 Qinghai Qinghai Lake NNR Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 495200 Bar-headed Goose NNR Forestry 97 Qinghai Sanjiangyuan NNR Yushu, Guoluo, Hainan, Huangnan 15230000 Plateau wetland ecosystems, alpine meadow and wildlife NNR Forestry 98 Ningxia Haba Lake NNR Yanchi Town 84000 Typical desert - wetland natural ecosystems NNR Forestry 99 Xinjiang Ebinur wetlands NNR Junggar Basin 267085 The most representative of the extreme arid area of wetland ecosystem NNR Forestry 5b. List of Provincial Wetland Nature Reserve (total number 225, total area 13,165,081 Ha) ( 2010, SFA and MEP) No. Province Name of Provincial Nature Reserve Location Area(Ha) Main Object of Protection Level Authority in Charge 1 Beijing Hanshiqiao wetland PNR Shunyi District, Beijing City 1615 Wetland ecosystems and wildlife PNR Forestry 2 Beijing Yeya Lake wetland PNR Yanqing Country 8700 Wetland ecosystem and birds PNR Forestry 3 Beijing Juma River aquatic animal PNR Fangshan District, Beijing City 1125 Giant salamander and other aquatic wildlife PNR Agriculture 4 Beijing Huaisha River, Huaijiu River wild animals PNR Huairou County 111 Giant salamander, Nine stickleback fish, Mandarin ducks and other wild animals PNR Agriculture
5 Tianjin Beidagang wetland PNR Dagang District, Tianjin City 34887 Wetland ecosystems and biodiversity PNR Environmental Protection 6 Tianjin Dahuangbao wetland PNR Wuqing District, Tianjin City 11200 Reed wetlands and endangered ecosystems, rare bird habitats PNR Forestry 7 Tianjin Tuanbo Birds Park PNR Jinghai County 6040 Wetlands rare birds, migratory birds and aquatic wildlife PNR Forestry 8 Hebei BaiyangdianPNR Baoding Anxin County 31200 Wetland ecosystems, aquatic plants and animals PNR Environmental Protection 9 Hebei Yudaokou Pasture PNR Weichang County 34800 Wetland, grassland ecosystem PNR Agriculture 10 Hebei Nandagang Wetlands and birds PNR Cangzhou City 9800 Wetland ecosystems, migratory birds PNR Forestry 11 Hebei Haixing Wetlands and birds PNR Haixing 16800 Wetland ecosystems, migratory birds PNR Forestry 12 Hebei Tanghai Wetlands and birds PNR Tanghai County 11064 Wetland ecosystems, birds PNR Forestry 13 Hebei LetingShijiutuo Islands PNR LaotingCounty, Tangshan City 3775 Oceanic Wetland ecosystems and birds PNR Oceanic 14 Hebei Huangyang Beach PNR Xuanhua County 11035 Wetlands and wildlife PNR Forestry 15 Shanxi Sanggan RiverPNR Shuocheng District, Huairen, Sanyin County, ShuozhouCity 73528 Migratory waterfowl and their habitats PNR Forestry 16 Shanxi Yuncheng Wetland PNR Yuncheng City 86861 Swans and other rare birds and wintering habitat PNR Forestry 17 Shanxi Lingqiu Black Stork PNR Lingqiu County 134667 Black stork and the forest ecosystem PNR Forestry 18 Inner Mongolia Hasuhai Lake PNR Tumd Left County, Hohhot City 18140 Wetland ecosystems, birds PNR Forestry 19 Inner Mongolia Ulansuhai Lake Wetlands Waterfowl PNR Urad Front Banner 29333 Waterfowl and their habitats PNR Forestry
20 Inner Mongolia Namikohara Wetlands PNR Donghe district, Baotou city 1664 Wetland ecosystems and Birds PNR Others 21 Inner Mongolia Heyehua wetland rare birds PNR Jarud County 52823 Wetland ecosystems and Rare birds PNR Forestry 22 Inner Mongolia Dusitu River PNR Otog County, Ordos City 38004 Desert grassland, river Wetland ecosystems and wildlife PNR Forestry 23 Inner Mongolia LiangchengDaihai Lake Wetland PNR Liangcheng County 12970 Lake, Wetland ecosystems PNR Environmental Protection 24 Inner Mongolia Huangqihai wetland PNR Qahar Front County 36823 Wetland ecosystems and rare fish PNR Forestry 25 Inner Mongolia WuIihushu wetlands PNR Horqin Right Middle County 38882 Wetland ecosystems and Rare birds PNR Forestry 26 Inner Mongolia BayinHure Relict Gull PNR Xilinhot City 10415 Grassland and wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 27 Inner Mongolia Hunshandake Park PNR Abaga County, Xilingol City 191164 Natural Sabina communities, typical steppe, lakes and wetlands, rare and endangered wildlife PNR Forestry 28 Inner Mongolia Hesigenaoer PNR XilinGol League East Ujimqin 47200 Wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 29 Inner Mongolia Ulgai wetland PNR East Ujimqin County, XilinGol City 612650 Wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 30 Inner Mongolia Badain Jaran Desert Lake Alxa City 717060 Desert ecosystem and lake wetland PNR Environmental Protection 31 Inner Mongolia Wiener River PNR Ewenki County 125564 Grassland ecosystems PNR Forestry 32 Inner Mongolia Hangjinnur PNR Hangjinqi County 85750 Yellow River wetland, the Great Bustard, whooper swans and other rare birds PNR Forestry 33 Inner Mongolia Xiaoheyan PNR Aohan County 18000 Rare birds and wetlands PNR Environmental Protection
34 Liaoning Wolong Lake PNR Kangping County 11200 Wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 35 Liaoning Sancha River Wetlands PNR Haicheng City 5400 Wetland ecosystems and wildlife PNR Forestry 36 Liaoning Changhai Marine rare species PNR Changhai County 220 Sea cucumber, abalone, scallop, etc. Seafood PNR Environmental Protection 37 Liaoning Dahuofang Reservoir water PNR Fushun County 530000 Water conservation forest PNR Water Resources 38 Jilin Fuyu flooded wetlands PNR Fuyu County 61010 Wetland ecosystems and rare birds, waterfowl and their habitats PNR Forestry 39 Jilin Baolahongdu PNR Tongyu County 62190 Inland Wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 40 Jilin Yaojingzichinensis grassland PNR Changling County 23800 Grassland and meadow ecosystems PNR Agriculture 41 Heilongjiang Hulan Estuary wetland PNR Harbin City 19262 Wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 42 Heilongjiang Longfeng Lake Wetland PNR Harbin City 15000 Wetland ecosystems PNR Water Resources 43 Heilongjiang Lalin Estuary Wetland Harbin City 17179 Wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 44 Heilongjiang Anxing wetlands PNR Yilan County 11000 Wetland ecosystems PNR Water Resources 45 Heilongjiang Halahai wetland PNR Longjiang County 16564 Wetland ecosystems and waterfowl PNR Environmental Protection 46 Heilongjiang Nemoer River wetland PNR Yian County 61385 Wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 47 Heilongjiang Wuyuer River PNR Fuyu County 64530 Wetlands and wildlife PNR Forestry 48 Heilongjiang Wuyuer. - Shuangyang River PNR Nehe City 22934 Wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 49 Heilongjiang SuibinLiangjiang wetlands PNR Hegang City 55490 Wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 50 Heilongjiang Xilin river PNR Hegang City 20617 Wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry
84 Heilongjiang Zhaodong wetlands along the river PNR Zhaodong City 36700 Wetland ecosystem PNR Environmental Protection 85 Heilongjiang Zhayinhe wetlands Hailun City 21953 Wetlands, water resources and wildlife PNR Environmental Protection 86 Heilongjiang Chuona River wetland PNR Daxinganling District 105580 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 87 Heilongjiang Duobukuer PNR Daxinganling District 128959 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 88 Shanghai Jinshansandao wetlands PNR Jinshan District, Shanghai City 46 Island ecosystems and forest PNR Oceanic 89 Shanghai Yangtze River estuary sturgeon PNR Chongming County 27600 Sturgeon and other rare fish PNR Agriculture 90 Jiangsu Qidong the North Branch of Yangtze River Estuary Wetlands PNR Qidong 21491 Red-crowned crane, hooded crane and other rare birds PNR Environmental Protection 91 Jiangsu Lianyi Lake egret PNR Lianshui 3433 Egret and other birds PNR Environmental Protection 92 Jiangsu Eastern Hongze Lake wetland Hongze 54000 Lakes and wetland ecosystems and rare PNR Forestry 93 Jiangsu Zhenjiang Yangtze River dolphin PNR Zhenjiang Dantu 5730 River dolphins and their habitats PNR Forestry 94 Zhejiang East Baishan PNR Zhuji 2076 Alpine wetlands, forests PNR Forestry 95 Zhejiang Qingtian sea turtle PNR Qingtian 361 Sea turtle and its habitat PNR Water Resources 96 Zhejiang Wangdongyang alpine wetlands PNR Jingning 1195 Alpine wetland PNR Forestry 97 Zhejiang Wuzhishan PNR Zhoushan 500 Egret and other birds PNR Environmental Protection 98 Anhui Tuohu PNR Wuhe 4200 Wetland ecosystems, aquatic and bird special PNR Environmental Protection 99 Anhui Dangtu Town Shijiu Lake PNR Dangtu 10667 Rare waterfowl and their habitats PNR Forestry 100 Anhui Anqing PNR Anqing City 120000 Rare waterfowl and wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry
101 Anhui Nvshan Lake PNR Mingguang 21000 Wetland ecosystems and aquatic plants and animals PNR Forestry 102 Anhui Bali River PNR Yingshang 14600 Rare waterfowl and their habitats PNR Forestry 103 Anhui Dongxi Lake PNR Huoqiu 14200 Waterbirds and their habitats PNR Forestry 104 Anhui Shibasuo PNR Pool Guichi 7500 Wetland and white stork, Little Swan and other rare birds PNR Forestry 105 Fujian Sanshiliujiao Lake PNR Pingtan 1340 Freshwater lakes and sea erosion PNR Water Resources 106 Fujian Minjiang River estuary wetland PNR Changle 2921 Estuarine wetlands and waterfowl PNR Forestry 107 Fujian Changlemejillon proliferation PNR Changle 13000 Mejillon and their habitats PNR Oceanic 108 Fujian Quanzhou Bay estuary wetland PNR Quanzhou 7009 Mangroves, rare birds, fish PNR Forestry 109 Fujian Dongshan Coral Reefs PNR Dongshan County 11070 Coral reef ecosystems PNR Oceanic 110 Fujian Longhai Mangrove Jiulong PNR Longhai 420 Mangrove ecosystems PNR Forestry 111 Fujian Guan Jingyang Yellow Croaker PNR Ningde City 31464 Yellow croaker and its habitat PNR Oceanic 112 Jiangxi Poyang mussel PNR XinJian County 15533 Hyriopsis cumingii, Cristaria plicata PNR Agriculture 113 Jiangxi Qinglan Lake PNR Jinxian County 1000 White Stork, Little Swan, other rare birds and wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 114 Jiangxi Carp, Crucian carp spawning in Poyang Lake PNR Yongxiu County 30600 Carp, Crucian carp spawning habitants PNR Agriculture 115 Jiangxi Duchang migratory birds PNR Duchang County 41100 Wintering migratory birds and their habitats PNR Forestry 116 Jiangxi Poyang Lake Ice Fish PNR Poyang County 2000 Ice Fish PNR Agriculture
134 Henan Nianyu Mountain PNR Shangcheng County 6865 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 135 Henan GushiHuai River Wetlands PNR Gushi County 4387 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 136 Henan Huaibin Huainan wetland PNR Huaibin County 3400 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 137 Henan Suya Lake wetland PNR Runan County 16700 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 138 Hunan Jiangkou Bird Island PNR Hengnan County 20 Birds and habitat PNR Forestry 139 Hubei Chen Lake Wetland PNR Caidian District, Wuhan City 11579 Rare waterfowl, wildlife and their habitats PNR Forestry 140 Hubei Wangjiang Lake Wetland PNR Yangxin County 20495 Inland wetlands and aquatic ecosystems PNR Forestry 141 Hubei Wan river giant salamander PNR Zhuxi County 780 Giant salamander and its habitat PNR Agriculture 142 Hubei Danjiangkou Reservoir PNR Danjiangkou City 45103 Wetland ecosystems, water conservation forest PNR Forestry 143 Hubei Yichang Yangtze River sturgeon PNR Yichang City 8000 Sturgeon and their habitats PNR Agriculture 144 Hubei Liangzi Lake wetlands PNR Ezhou City 37946 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 145 Hubei Hong Lake wetland PNR Honghu City 37088 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 146 Hunan Jicheng Elk PNR Huarong County 2460 Elk and their habitats PNR Environmental Protection 147 Hunan Heng Ling Lake PNR Xiangyin County 43000 Wetlands and rare birds PNR Forestry 148 Hunan West Dong Ting Lake PNR Hanson County 35680 Wildlife, wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 149 Hunan South Dong Ting Lake Wetlands PNR Yuanjiang County 168000 Wetland ecosystems and waterfowl PNR Forestry 150 Hunan Qiyang small Salamander PNR Qiyang County 6060 Small salamander and other rare wildlife PNR Forestry
151 Hunan Dong’anShunHuang Mountain PNR Dongan County 14311 Forest Ecology and monitor lizards, giant salamander and other wildlife PNR Forestry 152 Hunan LuoTower PNR Longshan County 100 Metasequoia and their habitats PNR Forestry 153 Guangdong HaifengGongping Great Lakes PNR Haifeng County 11591 Migratory birds and their habitats PNR Forestry 154 Guangdong South Australian Migratory birds PNR Shantou City 256 Migratory birds and their habitats PNR Forestry 155 Guangdong Zhuhai Qi'ao - Dangan Island PNR Zhuhai City 7363 Mangroves, monkeys, birds and the island environment PNR Forestry 156 Guangdong Daya Bay Aquatic Resources PNR Huizhou City 90370 Oceanic Fisheries Resource pearl, abalone shell, river shell pectinata, economic fish, algae, sea bream PNR Oceanic 157 Guangdong South Penghu Islands Oceanic Ecological Reserve Shantou City 35679 Oceanic ecosystems and biological diversity PNR Oceanic 158 Guangdong Beijiang endemic and rare fish PNR Shaoguan City 2820 Mystusguttatus and other rare fish PNR Oceanic 159 Guangdong JiangmenTaishan Chinese White Dolphin PNR Taishan City 10748 Dolphins and their habitats PNR Oceanic 160 Guangdong Xijiang rare fish PNR Fengkai City 1914 Aquatic wildlife PNR Agriculture 161 Guangdong Nam Wan hystrix forest PNR Luhe County 2486 Mangrove PNR Agriculture 162 Guangdong Nanpeng archipelago PNR Yangjiang City 20000 Oceanic Fisheries Resources PNR Oceanic 163 Guangxi Sijian Mountain salamander PNR Rongshui County 10384 Giant salamander and its habitat PNR Others 164 Guangxi Jianxin bird PNR Longsheng County 4860 Migratory birds PNR Forestry 165 Guangxi Weizhou Island Birds PNR Beihai City 2663 A variety of migratory birds and travel PNR Forestry
166 Guangxi Maowei sea mangrove PNR Qinzhou City 2784 Mangrove ecosystems PNR Forestry 167 Guangxi Hongshui River Laibin PNR Laibin City 582 Rare fish and their habitat, spawning grounds PNR Agriculture 168 Guangxi Zuo River Lamprotula mansuyi PNR Chongzuo City 417 Lamprotula mansuyi, other freshwater shellfish and their habitats PNR Others 169 Hainan Danzhou Pearl oyster PNR Danzhou City 30900 Pearl oyster and Marine Ecosystems PNR Oceanic 170 Hainan Qinglangang PNR Wenchang City 2948 Mangrove ecosystems PNR Forestry 171 Hainan Dongfang Black-faced Spoonbill PNR Dongfang City 1429 Black-faced Spoonbills and their habitats PNR Forestry 172 Hainan Lingao Pearl oyster PNR Lingao Town 34300 Pearl oyster and their habitats, coral reef ecosystems PNR Oceanic 173 Hainan Southwest Zhongsha Islands PNR ZhongshaIslands, Reefs and sea 2400000 Turtle, Hawksbillturtle, Tiger Cowrie and other rare species PNR Oceanic 174 Chongqing Alan Ardeidae PNR Banan District Chongqing City 1004 Ardeidae and their habitats PNR Forestry 175 Chongqing Nantian Lake PNR Fengdu Town 29129 Rare wildlife, mountain wetlands PNR Forestry 176 Chongqing Dafengbao PNR Shizhu Town 22043 Metasequoia and their habitats PNR Forestry 177 Chongqing WujiangPengshuixi River PNR Pengshui County 83 Rare and endemic fishes PNR Agriculture 178 Sichuan Ertan Bird PNR Yanbian County 10321 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 179 Sichuan Zhougong River PNR Yucheng District, Ya’an City 419 Aquatic wild animals PNR Agriculture 180 Sichuan Tianqian River Rare FishPNR Tianquan County 13241 Aquatic wild animals PNR Water Resources
181 Sichuan Nuoshui River PNR Tongjiang County 63000 Freshwater ecosystem PNR Environmental Protection 182 Sichuan Nuoshui River giant salamander PNR Tongjiang County 9480 Giant salamander and habitats PNR Agriculture 183 Sichuan Sima River and Wetland PNR Pingchang County 12162 Wetland and rare animal PNR Forestry 184 Sichuan Longquan Lake PNR Jiangyang City 552 Aquatic ecosystem PNR Environmental Protection 185 Sichuan Nanmoqie Wetland PNR Rangtang County 82834 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 186 Sichuan Manzetang Wetland PNR Aba County 365875 Wetland and rare wild plant and animal PNR Forestry 187 Yunnan Headwater of Pearl River PNR Zhanyi County 133150 River and forest ecosystem PNR Forestry 188 Yunnan Beihai Wetland PNR Tengchong County 1629 Wetland ecosystem PNR Environmental Protection 189 Yunnan NinglangLugu Lake PNR Ningliang County 8133 Plateau lake, mountainous forest and water birds PNR Forestry 190 Yunnan Puzhehei PNR Qiubei County 10746 Wild plant and animal, plateau lake PNR Environmental Protection 191 Yunnan FuningTuoniang River PNR Funing County 15725 Wetland and karst mountainous forest ecosystem PNR Forestry 192 Yunnan Jianhu Wetland PNR Jiangchuan County 4630 Wetland ecosystem and migratory birds PNR Environmental Protection 193 Yunnan Napahai Lake PNR Shangri-La County 2400 Black-headed gull, other water birds and their habitats PNR Forestry 194 Tibet Namucuo Lake PNR Dangxiong County 1099796 Wild animal and wetland ecosystem PNR Environmental Protection 195 Tibet Maidika Wetland PNR Jianglin County 89541 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 196 Tibet Mapangyongcuo Lake and Wetland PNR Pulan County 97499 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry
197 Tibet Bangongcuo Lake and Wetland PNR Ritu County 56303 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 198 Tibet Dongcuo Lake and Wetland PNR Gaize County 41173 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 199 Tibet Zharinanmucuo Lake and Wetland PNR Cuoqin County 142982 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 200 Shaanxi Jingwei wetlands PNR Baqiao District, Xi'an City 6353 Wetlands and waterfowl PNR Forestry 201 Shaanxi ZhouzhiHeihe wetlands of county PNR Zhouzhi County 13126 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 202 Shaanxi Qianhu wetlandsPNR Qianyang County 7156 Wetland ecosystem and rare birds PNR Forestry 203 Shaanxi Heyang Yellow River wetlandPNR HeyangCounty, Hancheng County, Dali County, Huayin County, Tongguan County 57348 Wetland ecosystems, rare birds PNR Forestry 204 Shaanxi Hanjiang River wetlands PNR Mian County 33605 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 205 Shaanxi Wuding River PNR Hengshan County 11480 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 206 Shaanxi Ying Lake wetlandsPNR Hanbin Distric, An’kang City 19800 Wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 207 Shaanxi Luonan Giant salamanderPNR Luonan County 5715 Giant salamander and its habitat PNR Others 208 Gansu Shule RiverPNR Guazhou County 324200 Wetland ecosystems and wildlife PNR Forestry 209 Gansu Big Sugan LakePNR Aksai Kazak County 9640 Swan, Black-necked cranes, other rare birds and their habitats PNR Forestry 210 Gansu Small Sugan LakePNR Aksai Kazak County 2400 Swan, Black-necked cranes, other migratory birds and wetlands, lakes PNR Forestry 211 Gansu Ganhaizi Migratory Birds PNR Yumen City 300 Birds and their habitats PNR Forestry
212 Gansu Kangxian Giant salamanderPNR Kang County 10247 Wetland ecosystems and wildlife PNR Agriculture 213 Gansu Yellow River three gorges wetlandsPNR Yongjing County 19500 Wetland ecosystems and aquatic plants and animals PNR Forestry 214 Gansu Shouqu Yellow River PNR Maqu County 37500 Rare birds PNR Forestry 215 Gansu Maqu Tibetan Iindigenous fishPNR Maqu County 27416 Indigenous fish PNR Agriculture 216 Qinghai Haibei Qilian MountainPNR Haibei City 834700 Wetlands, glaciers, rare wildlife and forest ecosystems PNR Forestry 217 Qinghai Keluke Lake – Sutuo Lake PNR Delhi City 41120 Birds, waterfowl and wetland ecosystems PNR Forestry 218 Ningxia Sha Lake PNR Pingluo County 5580 Wetland ecosystem and rare birds PNR Agriculture 219 Ningxia Qingtongxia ReservoirPNR Qingtongxia City 19500 Wetland ecosystem PNR Others 220 Ningxia DangjiachaPNR Xiji County 4100 Wetland ecosystems and wildlife PNR Others 221 Xinjiang TianchiPNR Fukang City 38069 Forest ecosystems, mountain lakes PNR Forestry 222 Xinjiang Wenquan North salamanderPNR Wenquan County 695 Xinjiang North salamander and its habitat PNR Forestry 223 Xinjiang Pamirs Plateau wetlandsPNR Akto County 125600 Typical Plateau wetland ecosystem PNR Forestry 224 Xinjiang Irtysh Cork Tuohai wetlandsPNR Altay City 99040 Rivers, wetlands, lakes, wetlands, swamps and wetlands wildlife PNR Forestry 225 Xinjiang Altay Kekesu wetlandsPNR Altay City 30667 Wetlands, plant and animal resources PNR Forestry
19. There are appropriate systems of training, mentoring, and learning in place to maintain a continuous flow of new staff No mechanisms exist; 0 2 There are some sporadic training opportunities and these trainings are not incomprehensive and are not designed based on comprehensive capacities needs assessment. Some mechanisms exist but unable to develop enough and unable to provide the full range of skills needed; 1 Mechanisms generally exist to develop skilled professionals, but either not enough of them or unable to cover the full range of skills required; 2 There are mechanisms for developing adequate numbers of the full range of highly skilled protected area professionals 3 3. Capacity to engage and build consensus among all stakeholders 20. Protected areas have the political commitment they require There is no political will at all, or worse, the prevailing political will runs counter to the interests of protected areas; 0 2 Governments at different levels have a high regard to the development of nature reserves. Some political will exists, but is not strong enough to make a difference; 1 Reasonable political will exists, but is not always strong enough to fully support protected areas; 2 There are very high levels of political will to support protected areas 3 21. Protected areas have the public support they require The public has little interest in protected areas and there is no significant lobby for protected areas; 0 2 The public generally not only pays a high attention to but also gives support the development of PA, in particular NGOs, e.g., WWF, TNC and etc. There is limited support for protected areas; 1 There is general public support for protected areas and there are various lobby groups such as environmental NGO's strongly pushing them; 2 There is tremendous public support in the country for protected areas 3 22. Protected area institutions are mission oriented Institutional mission not defined; 0 2 Institutional missions, jurisdiction, accountability and responsibilities are well defined and recognized by all NR staff. Institutional mission poorly defined and generally not known and internalized at all levels; 1 Institutional mission well defined and internalized but not fully embraced; 2 Institutional missions are fully internalized and embraced 3 23. Protected area institutions can establish the Protected area institutions operate in isolation; 0 1 NRs have established partnership with some NGOs, relevant governmental agencies, and local communities. Some partnerships in place but significant gaps and existing partnerships achieve little; 1
establishment and management of protected areas regulations to guide the implementation of the RNNC. Besides, some organic laws, e.g., Environmental Protection Law, Environmental Impact Assessment Law, contain some acts relating to PAs’ management in China. There is a reasonable legal framework for protected areas but it has a few weaknesses and gaps; 2 There is a strong and clear legal mandate for the establishment and management of protected areas 3 3. There is an institution or institutions responsible for protected areas able to strategize and plan. Protected area institutions have no plans or strategies; 0 2 MEP developed Development Plan for National Nature Reserve managed by environmental protection agencies. MEP issued National Biodiversity Conservation Strategies and Action Plan (NBCSAP) (2011-2030) and National Main Functional Zone Plan (NMFZ) and sub-national environmental protection agencies are requested to develop in-detail main functional zone plan to promote the implementation of NMFZ across the whole China. Protected area institutions do have strategies and plans, but these are old and no longer up to date or were prepared in a totally top-down fashion; 1 Protected area institutions have some sort of mechanism to update their strategies and plans, but this is irregular or is done in a largely fashion without proper consultation; 2 Protected area institutions have relevant, participatorially prepared, regularly updated strategies and plans 3 2. Capacity to implement policies, legislation, strategies and programmes 4. There are adequate skills for protected area planning and management There is a general lack of planning and management skills; 0 1 Some staff has certain skills but still need to be improved. Some skills exist but in largely insufficient quantities to guarantee effective planning and management; 1 Necessary skills for effective protected area management and planning do exist but are stretched and not easily available; 2 Adequate quantities of the full range of skills necessary for effective protected area planning and management are easily available 3 5. There are protected area systems No or very few protected area exist and they cover only a small portion of the habitats and ecosystems; 0 2 According to the assignment of the State Council, MEP is mainly responsible for guiding, coordinating and supervising ecological conservation in China, including conservation-related plan
comprehensive management plans Most Protected Areas have management plans though some are old, not participatorially prepared or are less than comprehensive; 2 Every protected area has a regularly updated, participatorially prepared, comprehensive management plan 3 9. Human resources are well qualified and motivated Human resources are poorly qualified and unmotivated; 0 2 PA staff has fair capacities, knowledge and skills to fulfill their responsibilities but they deserve improved incentive systems/schemes. Human resources qualification is spotty, with some well qualified, but many only poorly and in general unmotivated; 1 HR in general reasonably qualified, but many lack in motivation, or those that are motivated are not sufficiently qualified; 2 Human resources are well qualified and motivated. 3 10. Management plans are implemented in a timely manner effectively achieving their objectives There is very little implementation of management plans; 0 1 As mentioned above, management plans are rarely developed. In fact, even for developed management plans, they are usually on paper due to combined reasons, e.g., lack of funds, low implementation capacities and etc. Management plans are poorly implemented and their objectives are rarely met; 1 Management plans are usually implemented in a timely manner, though delays typically occur and some objectives are not met; 2 Management plans are implemented in a timely manner effectively achieving their objectives 3 11. Protected area institutions are able to adequately mobilize sufficient quantity of funding, human and material resources to Protected area institutions typically are severely underfunded and have no capacity to mobilize sufficient resources; 0 2 The available budget for PAs managed by MEP and its subordinated agencies cannot meet their management needs. Current budget can merely cover their basic needs for staff salary, fringes, and office operation. Very limited or even no fund for conservation-related activities. Protected area institutions have some funding and are able to mobilize some human and material resources but not enough to effectively implement their mandate; 1
There is general public support for protected areas and there are various lobby groups such as environmental NGO's strongly pushing them; 2 There is tremendous public support in the country for protected areas 3 22. Protected area institutions are mission oriented Institutional mission not defined; 0 2 Institutes mission and their responsibilities are well defined and fairly recognized by PA staff at high-level PA management institutions rather than those at site-level. Institutional mission poorly defined and generally not known and internalized at all levels; 1 Institutional mission well defined and internalized but not fully embraced; 2 Institutional missions are fully internalized and embraced 3 23. Protected area institutions can establish the partnerships needed to achieve their objectives Protected area institutions operate in isolation; 0 1 PA management authorities at different levels have established a wide partnership involving relevant NGOs, other relevant governmental sectors, and local communities. Some partnerships in place but significant gaps and existing partnerships achieve little; 1 Many partnerships in place with a wide range of agencies, NGOs etc, but there are some gaps, partnerships are not always effective and do not always enable efficient achievement of objectives; 2 Protected area institutions establish effective partnerships with other agencies and institutions, including provincial and local governments, NGO's and the private sector to enable achievement of objectives in an efficient and effective manner 3 24. Individuals carry appropriate values, integrity and attitudes Individuals carry negative attitude; 0 1 Most PA staff embodies their professional ethnic to their work with high passion, integrity, and sound professionalization. Some individuals have notion of appropriate attitudes and display integrity, but most don't; 1 Many individuals carry appropriate values and integrity, but not all; 2 Individuals carry appropriate values, integrity and attitudes 3
There is significant measurement of performance and some feedback but this is not as thorough or comprehensive as it might be; 2 Performance is effectively measured and adaptive feedback utilized 3 TOTAL SCORE 96 53 (SOA) Strategic Area of Support Issue Outcome Indicators Score: Evaluative Comments 1. Capacity to conceptualize and formulate policies, legislations, strategies and programmes 1. The protected area agenda is being effectively championed / driven forward There is essentially no protected area agenda; 0 2 State Oceanic Administration (SOA) is another active player in PA management, in particular oceanic PAs. SOA has developed Special Marine Nature Reserve Development Plan, 21 Century Agenda for Marine Conservation in China, and Action Plan for Marine Biodiversity Conservation. There are some persons or institutions actively pursuing a protected area agenda but they have little effect or influence; 1 There are a number of protected area champions that drive the protected area agenda, but more is needed; 2 There are an adequate number of able "champions" and "leaders" effectively driving forwards a protected area agenda 3 2. There is a strong and clear legal mandate for the establishment and management of There is no legal framework for protected areas; 0 2 Except Regulations on Nature Reserve Conservation in China issued by the National People’s Congress in 1994, SOA also enacted Management Measures for Marine Nature Reserve in China. Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People's There is a partial legal framework for protected areas but it has many inadequacies; 1 There is a reasonable legal framework for protected areas but it has a few weaknesses and gaps; 2
territory by 2015 and 2020 respectively. By 2009, 4% of 2541 nature reserves in China are under the primary jurisdiction of SOA. Protected area system is covering a reasonably representative sample of the major habitats and ecosystems, but still presents some gaps and not all elements are of viable size; 2 The protected areas includes viable representative examples of all the major habitats and ecosystems of appropriate geographical scale 3 6. There is a fully transparent oversight authority (there are fully transparent oversight authorities) for the protected areas institutions There is no oversight at all of protected area institutions; 0 2 Similar to SFA and MEP, at the national level, National Audit of Office (NAO) and Ministry of Supervision (MOS) collectively superintend SFA, SEP and other PA administration agencies by periodically auditing the use of funds and service efficiency. There is some oversight, but only indirectly and in a manner; 1 There is a reasonable oversight mechanism in place providing for regular review but lacks in transparency (e.g. is not independent, or is internalized) ; 2 There is a fully transparent oversight authority for the protected areas institutions 3 7. Protected area institutions are effectively led Protected area institutions have a total lack of leadership; 0 2 SOA has established sound PA institutions at different levels to administrate marine PAs with comparatively higher managerial competencies. Protected area institutions exist but leadership is weak and provides little guidance; 1 Some protected area institutions have reasonably strong leadership but there is still need for improvement; 2 Protected area institutions are effectively led 3 8. Protected areas have regularly updated, participatorially prepared, comprehensive management plans Protected areas have no management plans; 0 1 Only a few marine nature reserves developed their management planning that is not well implemented at all. Some protected areas have up-to-date management plans but they are typically not comprehensive and were not participatorially prepared; 1 Most Protected Areas have management plans though some are old, not participatorially prepared or are less than comprehensive; 2 Every protected area has a regularly updated, participatorially prepared, comprehensive management plan 3 9. Human resources Human resources are poorly qualified and unmotivated; 0 2 PA staff are not quite qualified, in particular those at
are well qualified and motivated site-level. At the national-level, PA employees in SOA have sound skills. Human resources qualification is spotty, with some well qualified, but many only poorly and in general unmotivated; 1 HR in general reasonably qualified, but many lack in motivation, or those that are motivated are not sufficiently qualified; 2 Human resources are well qualified and motivated. 3 10. Management plans are implemented in a timely manner effectively achieving their objectives There is very little implementation of management plans; 0 1 Management plans are rarely formulated, much less implementation. Management plans are poorly implemented and their objectives are rarely met; 1 Management plans are usually implemented in a timely manner, though delays typically occur and some objectives are not met; 2 Management plans are implemented in a timely manner effectively achieving their objectives 3 11. Protected area institutions are able to adequately mobilize sufficient quantity of funding, human and material resources to effectively implement their mandate Protected area institutions typically are severely underfunded and have no capacity to mobilize sufficient resources; 0 2 Likewise SFA and MEP, SOA can only have limited funds to cover their staff’s salary, fringes and office operations. Protected area institutions have some funding and are able to mobilize some human and material resources but not enough to effectively implement their mandate; 1 Protected area institutions have reasonable capacity to mobilize funding or other resources but not always in sufficient quantities for fully effective implementation of their mandate; 2 Protected area institutions are able to adequately mobilize sufficient quantity of funding, human and material resources to effectively implement their mandate 3 12. Protected area institutions are effectively managed, efficiently While the protected area institution exists it has no management; 0 2 Compared with SFA and MEF, SOA faces more challenges in managing marine nature reserves given the difficulties in law enforcement and heavily dependence of local economic development on marine Institutional management is largely ineffective and does not deploy efficiently the resources at its disposal; 1
attitudes Many individuals carry appropriate values and integrity, but not all; 2 Individuals carry appropriate values, integrity and attitudes 3 4. Capacity to mobilize information and knowledge 25. Protected area institutions have the information they need to develop and monitor strategies and action plans for the management of the protected area system Information is virtually lacking; 0 2 SOA has established special marine technologically supporting projects, which ensures SOA to obtain data and information comparatively easily. Some information exists, but is of poor quality, is of limited usefulness, or is very difficult to access; 1 Much information is easily available and mostly of good quality, but there remain some gaps in quality, coverage and availability; 2 Protected area institutions have the information they need to develop and monitor strategies and action plans for the management of the protected area system 3 26. Protected area institutions have the information needed to do their work Information is virtually lacking; 0 1 Data and information are not easy to be accessed, even within the SOA system per se. Compared with marine nature reserves, national level nature reserves possess more data and information to support their management and decision-making. Some information exists, but is of poor quality and of limited usefulness and difficult to access; 1 Much information is readily available, mostly of good quality, but there remain some gaps both in quality and quantity; 2 Adequate quantities of high quality up to date information for protected area planning, management and monitoring is widely and easily available 3 27. Individuals working with protected areas work effectively together as a team Individuals work in isolation and don't interact; 0 2 PA staff can work together with team spirit. Individuals interact in limited way and sometimes in teams but this is rarely effective and functional; 1 Individuals interact regularly and form teams, but this is not always fully effective or functional; 2 Individuals interact effectively and form functional teams 3 5. Capacity to monitor, evaluate, report and learn 28. Protected area policy is continually reviewed and updated There is no policy or it is old and not reviewed regularly; 0 1 SOA regularly reviews their policies but rarely update them to meet socio-economic context due to complicated reasons. Policy is only reviewed at irregular intervals; 1 Policy is reviewed regularly but not annually; 2 National protected areas policy is reviewed annually 3 29. Society There is no dialogue at all; 0 1 The dialogues between PA institutions and the public
monitors the state of protected areas only confine to specialized circles that are interested in or concern marine conservation. There is some dialogue going on, but not in the wider public and restricted to specialized circles; 1 There is a reasonably open public dialogue going on but certain issues remain taboo; 2 There is an open and transparent public dialogue about the state of the protected areas 3 30. Institutions are highly adaptive, responding effectively and immediately to change Institutions resist change; 0 1 PA institutions are changing to good but in a low pace. Institutions do change but only very slowly; 1 Institutions tend to adapt in response to change but not always very effectively or with some delay; 2 Institutions are highly adaptive, responding effectively and immediately to change 3 31. Institutions have effective internal mechanisms for monitoring, evaluation, reporting and learning There are no mechanisms for monitoring, evaluation, reporting or learning; 0 1 SOA has also established their sector-specific monitoring, evaluating, reporting, and learning schemes that contribute less to improving their management effectiveness. There are some mechanisms for monitoring, evaluation, reporting and learning but they are limited and weak; 1 Reasonable mechanisms for monitoring, evaluation, reporting and learning are in place but are not as strong or comprehensive as they could be; 2 Institutions have effective internal mechanisms for monitoring, evaluation, reporting and learning 3 32. Individuals are adaptive and continue to learn There is no measurement of performance or adaptive feedback; 0 2 Individual performance is occasionally evaluated and scarcely contributes to their improvement. Performance is irregularly and poorly measured and there is little use of feedback; 1 There is significant measurement of performance and some feedback but this is not as thorough or comprehensive as it might be; 2 Performance is effectively measured and adaptive feedback utilized 3 TOTAL SCORE 96 52 54%