Table A-1: species specific Survey Period and TRANSECT WIDTH SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME SURVEY PERIOD, GENERALLY WHEN A PLANT IS FLOWERING (Dates will vary depending on season, reference sites should be checked) CLEARANCE SURVEY TRANSECT WIDTH WITHIN POPULATION CORE AREASa, (transects should be closer together in more densely vegetated areas) SUITABLE HABITAT DESCRIPTION Astragalus humillimus Mancos milkvetch April - May 3-7 meters Section 7 Range – in Colorado, based on modeling done by CNHP in Montezuma County Soils – large sheets of exfoliating whitish-tan colored sandstone Geology – rimrock outcrops of the Point Lookout and Cliffhouse members of the Mesa Verde sandstone Aspect – various Slope – flat or gently sloping Elevation – Average 1,854 m (6,083 ft) Habitat – Sandstone ledges and mesa tops in cracks or shallow depressions (tinajas) that accumulate sandy soils and rainfall Plant Community – pinyon-juniper woodland and desert scrub communities, vegetation total cover less than 5% Common Associates – Achnatherum hymenoides, Guterrezia sarothrae, Yucca angustisima, Artemisia tridentata, Fraxinums anomola, Ipomopsis roseata, Cercocarpus intricatus, and Brickellia microphyla var. scabra
Astragalus schmolliae^ Schmoll milkvetch May-June 3 meters Section 7 Range – suitable geology and elevations in Montezuma and La Plata Counties Soils – deep, reddish loess Aspect – various Slope – flat Elevation – 1,981 to 2,286 m (6,500 to 7,500 ft) Habitat –mature pinyon-juniper woodland on mesa tops in the Mesa Verde area Astragalus tortipes^ Sleeping Ute milkvetch April - May 3 meters Section 7 Range – based on modeling done by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program Soils – ancient river gravels Geology – Smoke Hills horizon of the Mancos Shale Formation Aspect – northern Slope - various Elevation – 1,585 to 1,768 m (5,200 to 5,800 ft) Habitat – scattered sites on the lower slopes of ridges and knolls in a mixed desert scrub community Common Associates – Eriogonum clavellatum and Astragalus cronquistii
Eriogonum pelinophilum clay-loving wild buckwheat June-Aug, although exceptions are possible 3-7 meters Section 7 Range – based on geology and elevation and limited by general soils in Delta and Montrose counties Soils – whitish, alkaline, clay soils; fine textured; typic torriorthents, ellaybee-persayo, killpack silty clay loam, chipets silty clay, complex Geology – Mancos formation Aspect – various, can be northeast aspects where snow banks remain longer Slope – flat to fairly steep Elevation – 1,400 to 2,100 m (4,600 to 6,900 ft) Habitat – rolling clay hills (adobes) and flats, often found in draws or areas where snow gathers Plant Community – sparse vegetation, mat saltbrush dominated near Delta, and dominated black sagebrush with mat saltbrush near Montrose Common Associates –Artemisia nova, Atriplex corrugata, Atriplex gardneri, Penstemon retrorsus, , and Picrothamnus desertorum, and Xylorhiza venusta
Physaria obcordata Dudley Bluffs twinpod Mid May - June 20 meters in high or moderate suitability habitat 30 meters in marginal habitat although all slopes and aspects must be included in line of sight High and moderately suitable habitat should be mapped as polygons if larger than 100 square meters but can be mapped as a point if less than 100 square meters. Mapped areas should be identified as either high or moderate suitability. Section 7 Range – based on the habitat model done by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program Comments – Suitability cannot be determined when soils are wet and so surveys should not be done during these times High Suitability (places where plants are often found) Soils – white shale barrens Tongues – Thirteenmile Creek, Dry Fork, Garden Gulch, Parachute Creek, Yellow Creek Geology – where the Thirteenmile Creek Tongue and Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation are exposed along downcutting drainages Aspect – various, typically south facing Slope – moderate to steep slopes Elevation – 1,806 to 2,255 m (5,960 to 7,440 ft) Habitat - barren areas often with less than 5% vegetation (ground cover), although higher in some sites in sagebrush-steppe alluvial areas Common Associates – Ericameria nauseosa, Mentzelia multicaulis, Pascopyrum smithii, Atriplex canescens, Cirsium barnebyi, Abronia argillosa, Achnatherum hymenoides, Eriogonum longifolium, Sphaeralcea coccinea, Astragalus lutosus Moderate Suitability (places where plants are occasionally found) Tongues – alluvial deposits associated with the tongues listed above; areas that are mapped as Green River but resemble Uintah Aspect – typically south, less often north Slope – flatter areas such as lower and upper slopes generally around steep occupied habitat Other – Characteristics as above, possibly higher or lower elevations Proximity – generally closer to occupied habitat than marginal habitat Marginal Habitat (places with some suitable characteristics but where no plants have been found) Tongues – Uintah, Black Sulphur, other Green River Tongues not listed above Other – Characteristics as above, possibly higher or lower elevations Proximity – further from occupied habitat than moderate or high
Sclerocactus glaucus Colorado hookless cactus April – Late May for flowering If conducted when flowering:3 meters Section 7 Range – based on geology and temperature/elevation in Delta, Mesa, and Garfield Counties Soils – gravelly or rocky surfaces on river terrace deposits and lower mesa slopes Geology – Dakota sandstone, Wasatch Formation, Eolian Deposits Aspect – more abundant on south slopes Slope – flat to moderate slopes Elevation – 1,300 to 2,100 m (4,250 to 6,900 ft) Plant Community – desert shrubland (shadscale, galleta grass, Indian rice grass); sagebrush; and pinyon-juniper Common Associates – Gutierrezia sarothrae, Opuntia polyacantha, and Ephedra viridis Sclerocactus mesae-verde Mesa Verde cactus April-May 3 meters Section 7 Range – based on the habitat model done by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program Soils – high alkaline, gypsiferous clay soils Geology – upper Cretaceous Mancos and Fruitland Shales Aspect – various Slope – on the tops and slopes of hills and benches Elevation – 1,400 to 2,000 m (4,600 to 6,560 ft) Habitat – sparsely vegetated Great Basin Desert Scrub (Saltbush Series) and Desert Grassland Ecotone communities on low rolling hills, particularly hilltops and benches Common Associates – Atriplex corrugata, A. cuneata, A. corrugata, A. confertifolia,A. gardneri, Artemisia spinescens, Achnatherum hymenoides, Pleuraphis jamesii, Phlox longifolia, Bromus tectorum, and Salsola kali.
) arthropod movements ) Dorset and Hampshire, UK butterflies and burnet population butterflies commonly used road verges, roads were not a genetic barrier, mortalities low compared with natural factors ) tundra, Alaska dust deposition 25 environmental variables dust deposition 100 vegetation composition plant community - sphagnum 100 Effects long-term, graminoids increase and lichens and sphagnum decrease dust deposition 600 modelled vegetation effects along the Dalton highway ) forest/grassland, Kentucky 100 OHV dust, visually inspected plants for dust ) Mines, San Bernadino, California dust deposition 200 magnesium and calcium carbonate Habitat impacts 400 magnesium and calcium carbonate Eriogonum microthecum rare plant impacts 600 magnesium and calcium carbonate ) dust deposition 100 ) pollen deposition less pollen deposited near road than away from road ) New Brunswick, Canada mosses 200 Concentrations of Al, Cr, Fe, La, Ni, Sc, Sm, and V highest near roads. ) Mojave, CA shrubs effects from dust on shrubs but no distance ) Review effects of roads and traffic ) New South Wales, Australia Three Acacia tree species Grading favored plants with strong resprouting ability ) New Zealand more weeds along roads if within 250 m of houses ) Sacramento, California elderberry elderberry weakly affected, trails and low use roads, near 2-10 m, far 12-40 m beetle beetle not affected, trails and low use roads ) Review road effects on terrestrial and aquatic communities ) Glacier, Montana weeds in grasslands 100 looked at both road and trail corridors, exotics found in backcounty in proximity to trails up to 100m away ) Greece Quercus coccifera 300 limestone dust Vernath et al. 2003 dust deposition 100 ) tundra, Alaska Sphagnum 20 completely gone at one site dust deposition 30 93% of dust deposited dust deposition 125 97% of dust deposited dust deposition 1000 Density of traffic affected. At 1000 meters dust was still twice other sites at Deadhorse ) Wisconsin forest plant community 15 forest edge effects to vegetation weeds 15 forest edge effects to vegetation ) California Astragalus jaegerianus looked at dust effects on vegetation, no distance measurement ) moss communities, Austria mosses 250 for most elements elements 1000 MO, Cr, CU, only on most frequented roads, some logarithmic, some linear
) large populations over 200 individuals, small populations less than 90 individuals dry calcareous grasslands, Netherlands Salvia pratensis and Scabiosa columbaria, perennials, outbreeding morphological variation and population size Bigger populations had more phenotypic variation. ) small less than 100 individuals, large over 1000 individuals Munich Germany Cochlearia bavarica, narrow endemic, largely self-incompatible hand pollination (small and large population - 1, 10, 100, 1000m away) Offspring from small populations smaller and fewer survived to maturity, pollen from 10-100 m away higher reproductive success and larger size. ) conservation areas Cape Floral Region, South Africa bee - Rediviva peringueyi Pollinator absent from small conservation areas (<385 ha) in an urban matrix, Six specialist plant species pollinated only be this bee had failed seed set in absence of pollinators, other generalist plants were fine. ) 500 or fewer individuals Australia Eucalyptus albens genetic variation Remnant population size and genetic diversity were correlated in populations with fewer than 500 individuals. ) 3000 or fewer individuals affected grassy woodlands of southern Australia Microseris lanceolata, common plant, outcrossing, allotetraploid allozyme Fewer alleles in smaller populations than larger population, smaller population undergoing gradual genetic decline. ) disturbed less than 3 conspecifics/ha, undisturbed 10+ individuals/ha dry tropical forest, Pacific coast, Mexico Ceiba gradiflora, trees along highway pollination and reproductive success Negatively influenced by habitat disruption, bats more likely to visit undisturbed habitats. ) 1 to 50,000 flowering individuals in populations Netherlands Gentiana pneumonanthe genetic variation and outcrossing rate No clear relationship, most small populations consist only of adult survivors from formerly larger populations. Low levels of gene flow between populations. ) termperate rainforest, Chiloe Island, southern Chile woody species dependent of biotic pollinators plant-pollinator network Nested structure of interaction, entire subset of various tree species was most important. ) REVIEW Genetic diversity at population level and population fitness strongly correlated. ) 0.2-12 ha central Spain Quercus ilex seedling recruitment Tree size similar between fragments, recruitment higher in larger stands, ramet regeneration was similar between fragments, mouse consumption of acorns much higher in small stands. ) DISCUSSION molecular variation isolated plant populations
) 2-86 individuals, 12.6m median radius, separated by at least 400 meters Grasslands, South Africa Brunsvigia radulosa, Pollen limitation, demographic structure, seed production, recruitment Seed production lower in small populations, isolation and fragment size did not influence seed production. Reduced seed production was a result of pollen limitation. ) fragmented prairie Echinacea angustifolia plant density on pollination, population size on mate availability Pollination and recruitment increased with density (allee effect), mate compatibility increased with population size. Doubly affected by fragmentation through allee effect. ) 80-3000 individuals, natural fragmentation dry non-acidic grasslands, Denmark Filipendula vulgaris genetic diversity Genetic diversity lower in small populations, isolation did not matter, determined wind pollination was possible ) Natural fragmentation northern California’s Coast Range Calystegia collina, self-incompatible clonal plant, endemic genetic diversity, seed set Diversity predicted seed set, reproductive success is limited by the availability of compatible pollen (abundant genotypes less likely to produce seed than rarer genotypes). Isolated outcrops had a diversity of unique genotypes. ) grassland Rutidosis leptorrynchoides, daisy genetic diversity and mating system parameters Small populations with paternal bottlenecks, populations with fewer than 200 individuals higher outcrossed paternity, inbreeding in small pops ) 1.4-6.3 ha patches, at least 400 m away Ontario, Canada Acer saccharum genetic variation Increased genetic drift and inbreeding have not yet led to reduced genetic variation; however, six alleles had been lost in fragmented forests. Suspect generation time is responsible
Table 13. Effect Determination Analysis for the Example Provided in Figure 3 for Dudley Bluffs bladderpod. Plant Consideration Area - Rings Within the Effect Determination Area Total in Effect Determination Area Project Disturbance Existing Disturbance Cumulative Disturbance (Project + Existing) Hectares Percent of Area Hectares Percent of Ring Hectares Percent of Ring Hectares Percent of Ring Occupied Habitat (yellow in C-3 corresponds to first hectare column, ring) 3.7 8.2 0 0 0 to 100 meters* (orange in C-3 corresponds to the first hectare column, orange in C-4 corresponds to the second hectare column, orange in C-5 corresponds to the third hectare column, and orange in C-6 corresponds to the final hectare column, 0.1 – 100 ring) 9.5 21.1 0.5 5.3 0.7 7.4 1.2 12.6 100 to 300 meters* (in brown below, 100-300 ring) 18.6 41.3 0.8 4.0 0.9 4.8 1.7 9.1 300 to 600 meters (in red below, 300+ ring) 12.0 26.7 0 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.8 Total 45.0 100.0 1.3 2.9 1.7 3.8 3.0 6.7 *These distances will remain the same regardless of the LAA or NLAA distances.