individual connections People without connections l/head/day 20 15 10 - - 20 Livestock units l/head/day 50 - Boarding schools l/head/day 50 Day schools: With WC Without WC l/head/day 25 5 Hospitals Regional District Other l/bed/day 400 200 100 Dispensary and Health Centre l/day 5,000 Hotels High Class Medium Class Low Class l/bed/day 600 300 50 Administrative Offices l/head/day 25 Bars l/day 500 Shops l/day 100 Unspecified industry l/ha/day 20,000 Coffee pulping factories l/kg coffee when re – circulation of is used) As an approximation since the values given in the manual were too high, the following was used for the human population:
5.1 Considerations in design A lot of considerations need to be made when it comes to the design of water supply systems. One of the major aspects to be considered is the population growth of the area. This is especially important in the design of water supply systems because they are designed for the next 20 years. After calculating the demand of the area, it was observed that the flow from the dam could not sustain the demand for the next 20 years. This therefore brings the need to look for other sources of water to meet the demand. The dam construction began in 1992 but it stalled because of lack of funding. This is another problem faced by the relevant bodies in implementing the different projects. This problem is then propagated to the design and implementation of the project. This is because when coming up with the design and construction begins, it is meant to cater for the demand of the area for the next twenty years. However when the project is finally completed almost twenty years down the line, the demand will have changed by that time especially in a fast growing town like Ongata Rongai. 5.2 Community involvement Another important aspect in community projects is community participation. In this particular project it was done through the use of questionnaires and interviews. This helps the designer to address the needs of the community at hand. This is where most engineers go wrong and this is why it has become mandatory for every project to be preceded by an environmental and social impact assessment. The interviews provided an overview of water usage and the different problems associated with water shortage and water quality in the area. It is therefore an important parameter when it comes to the design and implementation of the projects. Unfortunately not much attention is paid to it and therefore different problems arise from it. One of the problems could be lack money on the consumer side to be able to buy the water especially in low income areas where they barely have money for food.
1.3 Pipeline C – D Chainage (m) Ground level (m) Distance (m) Pipe Diameter (mm) Head loss (m) TEL (m) HGL(m) Static head (m) 0 1743 0 100 0 1743 1743 1743 100 1742 100 100 0.578 1742.422 1742.39409 1743 200 1741 100 100 0.578 1741.844 1741.81609 1743 300 1742 100 100 0.578 1741.266 1741.23809 1743 400 1739 100 100 0.578 1740.688 1740.66009 1743 500 1739 100 100 0.578 1740.11 1740.08209 1743 600 1738 100 100 0.578 1739.532 1739.50409 1743 700 1737 100 100 0.578 1738.954 1743 800 1734 100 100 0.578 1738.376 1738.34809 1743 900 1732 100 100 0.578 1737.798 1737.77009 1743 1000 1729 100 100 0.578 1737.22 1737.19209 1743 1100 1730 100 100 0.578 1736.642 1736.61409 1743 1200 1728 100 100 0.578 1736.064 1736.03609 1743 1300 1730 100 100 0.578 1735.486 1735.45809 1743 1.4 Pipeline E – F Chainage (m) Ground level (m) Distance (m) Pipe Diameter (mm) Head loss (m) TEL (m) HGL(m) Static head (m) 0 1735 0 100 0 1735 1735 1735 100 1733 100 100 0.385 1734.615 1734.57186 1735 200 1732 100 100 0.385 1734.23 1735 300 1729 100 100 0.385 1733.845 1733.80186 1735 400 1728 100 100 0.385 1733.46 1733.41686 1735 500 1729 100 100 0.385 1733.075 1733.03186 1735 600 1726 100 100 0.385 1732.69 1732.64686 1735 700 1721 100 100 0.385 1732.305 1732.26186 1735 800 1720 100 100 0.385 1731.92 1735 900 1718 100 100 0.385 1731.535 1731.49186 1735 1000 1710 100 100 0.385 1731.15 1731.10686 1735 1050 1706 50 100 0.193 1730.957 1730.91386 1735 Appendix 2: Moody chart