Match the representative exudate appearance with a typical associated disorder. 38. _____ Yellow and turbid 39. _____ Milky 40. _____ Bloody 41. _____ Clearly visible pus 42. _____ Foul odor A. Empyema B. Infectious process C. Anaerobic bacterial infection D. Chylothorax E. Malignancy in the absence of trauma 38.B 39.D 40.E 41.A 42.C Pleural fluid can have a white supernatant fluid after centrifugation owing to presence of chylomicrons Conditions not associated with pleural effusion include viral pneumonia An extremely elevated leukocyte concentration in pleural fluid is typically associated with empyema An extremely increased leukocyte concentration in peritoneal fluid can be caused by bacterial peritonitis What cells can be seen in pleural fluid? A. LE cells B. Mononuclear phagocytes C. Mesothelial cells D. All of the above D All of the following describe the characteristics of malignant cells except A. multiple round aggregates of cells B. high N:C ratio C. large, irregular nucleoli D. smooth chromatin D Match the cellular abnormality encountered in pleural and peritoneal fluids with a representative disorder . 47. _____ Many neutrophils, histiocytes, and mesothelial cells 48. _____ Abundant, multinuclear cells and clusters of cells 49. _____ Many malignant cells (in clusters) 50. _____ Many lymphocytes, mesothelial, histiocytes, and plasma cells A. Viral infection B. Acute bacterial inflammation C. Metastatic adenocarcinoma D. Malignant mesothelioma E. Chronic granulomatous inflammation 47.B 48.C 49.D 50.A In a pleural effusion, the percentage of (51) _____ is extremely high in pneumonia and the percentage of (52) _____ is extremely high in viral peritonitis. 51. 51.A 52.D
Match the following male reproductive structures with their constituents. 66. _____ Testicle 67. _____ Seminal vesicles 68. _____ Prostate 69. _____ Cowper glands A. Fructose and prostaglandins B. Unknown C. Sperm D. p30 glycoprotein 66.C 67.A 68.D 69.B Sperm motility can become decreased if the specimen is A. stored at room temperature B. stored in a plastic container for more than 1 hour C. examined after 2 hours of storage D. all of the above D Match the normal values or appropriate term. 72. _____ Motility (fresh specimen) 73. _____ Sperm morphology 74. _____ Viability (fresh specimen) 75. _____ Agglutination 76. _____ Artificial insemination A. At least 50% B. 40% to 90% (mature and oval headed) C. Test for infectious disease D. Prostatitis or sperm-agglutinating antibodies E. Greater than 60% 72.E 73.B 74.A 75.D 76.C The normal value of sperm cells is _____ × 109/L. 60 to 150 Arthrocentesis is a liquid biopsy Disorders that can be diagnosed definitively by synovial fluid analysis are gout, CPPD deposition disease, and septic arthritis What would not be an aspiration site for synovial fluid? Posterior iliac crest If a synovial fluid aspirate is very turbid and septic arthritis is suspected, a _____ should definitely be performed. Gram stain and culture Crystals that are in multiple three-dimensional forms are CPPD crystals An increased percentage of polymorphonuclear segmented neutrophils (PMNs) is characteristic of septic arthritis
The fibrometer relies on the principle of conduction or impedance of an electrical current by fibrin In the photo-optical method, the change in light transmission vs the _____ is used to determine the activity of coagulation factors/ stages. time In measuring platelet aggregation, platelet-rich plasma can be treated with _____ to aggregate platelets. A. saline B. collagen C. epinephrine D. both B and C D A source of error when using the fibrometer in coagulation studies can be A. improper reaction temperature B. overincubation of the substrate reagent C. overincubation of the test plasmas D. all of the above D Match the following principles of cell counting instrumentation 262) As each cell passes through the sensing zone of the flow cell, it scatters the focused light. 263) The output histogram is a display of the distribution of cell volume and frequency. 262. The output histogram is a display of the distribution of cell volume and frequency 263. Optical detection principle Match the characteristics of light scatter 264) Diffracted light, which relates to the size or volume of the cell 265) Refraction of internal components, which correlates with internal complexity 264. Low-angle light scatter 265. Orthogonal light scatter True or False? Laser light is almost exclusively of one wavelength. True True or False? Laser light is multicolored. False True or False? Laser has parallel waves that travel in one direction. True With a particle-counting instrument, a high background count can be due to contaminated diluent The term parameter means A statistical The term, sample, means A subset of a population A statistic is Any numerical value describing a sample The delta check method of quality control Uses the patient’s own data to monitor population values
In an erythrocyte histogram, the erythrocytes that are smaller than normal will be to the _____ of the normal distribution curve. Left The reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) demonstrates The functional state of erythropoiesis The RDW and MCV are both quantitative descriptors of erythrocyte size. If the RDW is increased and the MCV is decreased, the most probable erythrocytic abnormality would be Iron deficiency anemia Beckman Coulter instrumentation differs from other hematology instrumentation because it uses VCS Technology Requires a quality assurance/quality control system. A) The Joint Commission B) College of American Pathologists C) Clinical laboratory Improvement Amendments D) All of the above D The native cell size of a platelet is reflected in platelet counting and sizing in A) Electrical impedance method B) Optical method C) Only microscopic examination D) Both A and B D The mean platelet volume is The average volume of platelets In healthy patients, the platelet volume _1_ as platelet count _2_. 1. Increases 2. Decreases MPV values should be based on specimens that are _________old. Between 1 and 4 hours If the platelet count is normal, an MPV between _______ and _______ is in the normal range. 9.0 and 9.8 fL The PDW is a measure of A) The uniformity of platelet size B) The number of platelets in a blood specimen C) The age of platelets D) Thrombopoiesis The uniformity of platelet size The MPV is often decreased in A) Aplastic anemia B) Megaloblastic anemia C) Postchemotherapy D) All of the above D Flow cytometer instrumentation relies on A) A cytochemical reaction to prepare the blood cells for analysis B) A cytometer to measure specific cell properties C) Algorithms to convert these measurements D) All of the above D