(a) Reason for the to the Marshall Plan in 1947 [2 mark] L1 General answer without due reference to the Source L2 Well explained answer with due reference to the Source European countries needed additional help in terms of foreign food and other necessities. If the U.S. did not provide these, European countries could suffer from serious economic, social and political disruptions. [1 mark] [2 (b) Whether Source E provides the same reason as in part (a) [4 marks] L1 General answer without due reference to Sources D and E L2 Well explained answer with due reference to Sources D and E Source E does NOT provide the same reason as in part (a): Reason shown in Source D: to assist European countries in economic recovery and solving economic needs. Reason in Source E: to counter the expanding influence of the USSR in eastern Europe (represented by Joseph Stalin pushing passengers “Hungary” and “Bulgaria” to board the bus to “Pension Russe” in Source E). Explanation, e.g.: Implication of Source D: If the U.S. did not provide the Marshall Plan, European countries would fall into hopelessness in their material life. Implication of Source E: If the U.S. did not provide the Marshall Plan, European countries would entirely fall under the hegemony of the USSR. [max. 2] [max. 4] (c) Whether Sources D and E sufficiently reflect the historical background of European economic cooperation after WWII [6 L1 Lopsided answer focusing on either usefulness or limitations L2 Comprehensive answer covering both usefulness and limitations Usefulness, e.g.: (Source D) the necessity of helping European countries solve their urgent economic problems and boost economic growth (Source E) the necessity of winning support from European countries so as to counterbalance the expanding influence of the USSR Limitations, e.g.: (own knowledge) after WWII the U.S. intended to depart from its pre-WWII isolationism and expand its leadership role in global politics and economics (own knowledge) the U.S.’s realization of the importance of helping countries suffering from serious economic setbacks so as to avoid the outbreak of another world war [max. 3] [max. 6] Sources F and G. SOURCE F The following cartoon entitled “Step on it, Doc!” is adapted from a journal published in the United States in
countries during the period 1955-70 Relationship: Capitalist and socialist countries in Europe increasingly strong trading relationships. OR They became increasingly interdependent in terms of trade. The total East-West trade rose nearly 5.5-fold. While world export trade increased by only 3.3-fold during the given period, the total exports of the developed capitalist countries rose by 3.7-fold and those of the socialist countries 3.5-fold. All these show that the capitalist and socialist countries relied particularly more on this bilateral trade. [1 mark] [2 marks] (b) Attitude of Gorbachev towards economic relationship between capitalist and socialist countries in during the 1980s [4 marks] L1 General answer without due explanation L2 Comprehensive answer with due explanation Attitude of Gorbachev: Positive / approving / appreciative Clues, e.g.: “we cannot say that any of the participants in this dialogue has lost face…” / “success of the European process” / “even bigger contribution to the progress of the rest of the Explanation: Gorbachev was one of the prominent politicians of the 1980s who re-built harmonious relationships between the two blocs. Instead of compromising on ideological principles, Gorbachev considered the building of friendly and cooperative relations between the two blocs as a strategy of win-win diplomacy. [max. 2] [max. 4] (c) “The economic integration between eastern and western European countries started long before the end of Cold War in 1991.” Do you agree? [6 L1 Merely elaborating on the two Sources without showing and explaining stance, and focusing on either the Sources or own knowledge L2 Showing and explaining stance, and covering both the Sources and own knowledge Stance, e.g.: Agree Sources: [max. 3] [max. 6]