Predict Impact on Systems Soil Agriculture Deforestation Desertification Erosion Urbanization Water Pollution Biomagnification Air Pollution Biodiversity Importance Causes (Invasive Species) Conservation Cost and Benefits of Resources Renewable (e.g. Wind, Solar) Non-Renewable (e. g. Fossil Fuels) Sustainability & Environmental Policy Sustainability Ecological Footprint Human Health Case Studies: Environmental Monitoring & Decision Making Atmospheric Ozone Overfishing Climate Change Energy: Renewable vs. Non-renewable Predict how the actions of humans may impact environmental systems and/or affect sustainability. Evaluate possible environmental impacts resulting from the use of renewable and/or nonrenewable resources. Identify the impact that humans have had on Earth, such as deforestation, urbanization, desertification, erosion, air and water quality, changing the flow of water. Identify ways in which a scientific claim is evaluated (e.g., through scientific argumentation, critical and logical thinking, and/or consideration of alternative explanations). Explain that science is one of the processes that can be used to inform decision making at the community, state, national, and international levels. Identify positive and/or negative consequences that result from a reduction in biodiversity. Explain that scientific knowledge is the result of a great deal of debate and confirmation within the science community. Identify an instance from the history of science in which scientific knowledge has changed when new evidence or new interpretations are encountered.
Meiosis Chromosome number Haploid Diploid Stages I and II (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis) Formation of 4 haploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell Gamete formation Tetrad formation Role in Sexual reproduction Homologous chromosomes Genetic Variation Resulting From Meiosis Independent Assortment of Chromosomes Crossing Over (Genetic Recombination) Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis Replication and separation of genetic material Changes in Chromosome number Number of cell divisions Describe the process of meiosis I and meiosis II and what is occurring specifically at each phase. Explain crossing over and how it affects the phenotype in a species and contributes to genetic variation. Describe the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and how it contributes to genetic variation. Compare and contrast homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids. Differentiate between haploid and diploid cells. Describe the role meiosis plays in the formation of haploid gametes or spores. Identify the functions of cell division in unicellular and multicellular organisms, e.g. reproduction, repair, and growth. Differentiate between meiosis and mitosis and the effects of each process on an organism. Describe the process of independent assortment (will be Segway to Topic XXIII) in the resulting cells in meiosis. Explain how independent assortment during meiosis contributes to genetic variation.
Work of Gregor Mendel Experiments Role of fertilization Genes and alleles Principle of dominance Recessive Segregation F1 cross Formation of Gametes Mendel’s Principles Probability and Punnett Squares Predicting outcomes and averages/ ratios Genotype Phenotype Punnett Squares Independent Assortment Other Patterns Incomplete dominance Codominance Multiple Alleles Polygenic traits Genes and environment Human Traits Karyotypes Sex-linked Autosomal Transmission of traits Codominance Multiple alleles (blood type) Predict effects on evolution Genes and Variation Genetic Drift/ types traits Use Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance. Identify, analyze, and predict inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance. Use Punnett squares to solve problems involving monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. Use Punnett squares to solve problems involving incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple allelic inheritance, and sex-linked traits (may assess P and F1 generation) Describe genetic drift and its effect on evolution. Explain how different factors affect genetic equilibrium. Explain how mutations in the DNA sequence may or may not result in a phenotypic change. Predict the possible consequences to a mutation and describe how these variations affect evolution. Identify the gene or chromosomal mutation involved in human disorders such as Down’s syndrome, Huntington’s disease, Hemophilia and Tay-Sachs disease. Recognize disorders caused by sex-linked genes and predict outcomes using Punnett squares. Identify chromosomal disorders by looking at a karyotype.