Sexual Assault Sexual Harassment Rape (forcing penetration of the victim’s body) Attempted rape Fondling or unwanted sexual touching Forcing a victim to perform sexual acts, including oral sex or forcing the victim to penetrate the perpetrator’s body Unlawful sex with a minor Force is not always physical and can include emotional manipulation or coercion. Verbal: catcalling, offensive sexual invitations or suggestions; comments about size or shape of a person’s body; comments about sexual orientation; sexually explicit jokes/comments; comments about the sexuality of a particular ethnic, cultural, or linguistic group; sexually based rumors and gossip; asking someone to go out repeatedly after being turned down; unwanted communication Visual: writing or sending unwanted sexual notes/texts/e-mails, inappropriately looking at someone’s body part or for a long time, gesturing with a tongue/hands/mouth, acting out sexual gestures Physical: any unwanted touching/ grabbing/pinching/hugging/kissing, intentionally bumping into someone’s body or rubbing up against them, blocking someone’s path Source: CA Penal Code Section 261 and WEAVE, Inc. (2017) Sexual assault is against the law and should be reported to authorities and trusted adults (7-8.1.11.G, Essential Concepts). Students will need practice in the communication skills necessary to report sexual assault. They brainstorm what they would do if they are pressured to participate in sexual behavior and role play refusal
Physical Psychological Social/Emotional Pregnancy Gastrointestinal disorders Gynecological complications Migraines and other frequent headaches Sexually transmitted infections Cervical cancer Genital injuries Shock Denial Fear Confusion Anxiety <byh>Anger<eyh> Withdrawal Shame or guilt Nervousness Distrust of others Diminished interest in/avoidance of sex Low Depression Generalized anxiety Post-traumatic stress disorder Attempted or death by suicide Strained relationships with family, friends, and intimate partners Less emotional support from friends and family Less frequent contact with friends and relatives Lower likelihood of marriage Isolation or ostracism from family or community Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017) It is crucial that students understand the relationship between dating violence, sexual assault, child sexual abuse, and sex trafficking. It can be useful to provide students a visual to demonstrate the intersection of these issues such as the one shown below. Though not all forms of violence and abuse must be present to constitute sex trafficking, the graphic illustrates <byh>how these issues can intersect in many instances of sex
Unhealthy Relationship (peer or romantic) Sexual Abuse Sex Trafficking (in addition to signs of sexual abuse) Applies to All No alone time Partner is always present Fear of consequences for upsetting friend or partner (e.g., not checking phone fast enough or hanging out with other friends) Seems nervous around friend or partner Criticized/humiliated in public by partner Withdrawal from friends Change in appearance Poor hygiene Change in behavior (e.g., aggression, anger, hostility, acts out sexually) Attempts at running away Unexplained injuries Sexual knowledge or behavior that is not age appropriate Sudden change in dress or appearance Dresses provocatively or inappropriately for age Unexplained money or gifts Refers to much older friend or partner Withdrawal from friends or usual activities Frequent absences from school Depressed mood or anxiety Eating or sleeping disturbances Self-harm Sudden decreased interest in school Decreased participation and grades Loss of Source: WEAVE, Inc. (2017) Partnering with your school: Plan a campus awareness event for World AIDS Day (December 1) to educate peers and help to dispel common stereotypes about people living with HIV (7–8.8.2.G, Health Promotion). Partner with the GSA Network (transgender and queer youth uniting for racial and gender justice) to create an LGBTQ+ student-run club (7–8.8.1.G, Health Promotion).