3. Findings of the assessment 1: Evidence Mapping Table for No Smoking Day Study Details Study design Outcome measures Main findings Results Evidence Grading Include? Reason for exclusion Kotz D, Stapleton JA, Owen L, West R. 2011 Reviewed “No smoking day” Target group Working Age Adults Cross sectional surveys - Comparison of reported quit attempts in the month following NSD for three consecutive years with adjacent months using repeated national surveys of quit attempts. The number of additional smokers who quit permanently in response to NSD was estimated from the survey results. The incremental ratio (ICER) was calculated by combining this estimate with established estimates of life years NSD emerges as an extremely cost-effective public health intervention. The rate of quit attempts was 2.8 percentage points higher in the months following NSD (120/1309) compared with the adjacent months (170/2672; 95% CI 0.99% to 4.62%), leading to an estimated additional 0.07% of the 8.5 million smokers in England quitting permanently in response to NSD. The cost of NSD per smoker was £ 0.088. The discounted life years gained per smoker in the modal age group 35-44 years was 0.00107, resulting in an ICER of £ 82.24 (95% CI 49.7 to 231.6). ICER estimates Evidence Grading + Include
gained and the known costs of NSD. for other age groups were similar. Flack S, Taylor M & Trueman P. 2007 Reviewed “No smoking day” Target group – Whole population A cohort simulation model of a range of interventions for NICE – using data from Owen and Youdan 2006 (below) Quit rate at three months If background quit rate 0%, NSD highly cost effective, if not estimated an additional 25 quitters needed to to cost effective The cost of the campaign was approximately £500,000. ‘No Smoking Day’ is highly However, if No Smoking Day were to have simply brought forward the background quits for the following 9 to 12 months (and had not resulted in any “new” quitters), then it would not have been The current analysis indicates No Smoking Day would need to gain 25 new quitters in order to be cost-effective. Evidence Grading +/- Include More recent studies provide evidence of increased quitters compared to background Owen and Youdan, 2006 cross sectional surveys and Self reported awareness and smoking behaviour 1wk Data suggests that after 22 years No Smoking Day continues to Annual tracking survey reduction from 1986 (89%) to 2004 (78%) in awareness by smokers, Evidence Grading + Include trial
– No Smoking Day Target Group – Working Age Adults information collated on website activity, media coverage and calls to smoking helplines in 2005 and 3 month post NSD, volume of contacts be successful in reaching smokers. With a budget insufficient to pay for advertising this public awareness campaign supported by local activities appears to be effective at helping smokers to stop. 15% of those who were aware reported attempted quit, 1.2% sustained at 3 months. Suggests younger smokers more likely to participate 0.7% of all smokers were still not smoking (85,000 quitters) and 1.6% (160,000) smoking less. No Smoking Day Annual Report 2010 Evaluation research was undertaken after the campaign by GfK NOP. The results are based on interviews with 4,008 adults Awareness of NSD; participation in NSD e.g. making a quit attempt NSD continues to have relatively high participation and awareness 48% of smokers were aware of the day (41% in Wales) up to 70% in Northern Ireland, of these 18% men and 17% women partipcated in the day. The participation rate is higher among young smokers aged 16 – 24 (28%). Evidence Grading – evaluation Include
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