A record is a set of entire data items in a row. In the above table if for example we consider the data items in the second row, it contains Martin in the names field, m in the sex field, in the district field and 120,000 in the allowance field. All this information can be described as a record that pertains to Martin. Field names A field name is the title of a particular column (field). For example the titles; names, sex, district, and allowance are field names. They are also referred to as the field labels. Data types A data/field type specifies the format to which the data items are stored. Different data items are stored differently in a database. For example, not all numerals are numeric data types. Microsoft Access supports up to nine different types of data. These could be text, memo, number, data/type, currency, yes, no, OLE object, auto number, lookup or hyperlink field. The table below summarizes the implications of each of these fields. Field Type Data Stored Auto Number A number that is automatically assigned incrementally or randomly to a particular record and decimal place Currency A numeric field that is automatically assigned a currency sign, thousands separator and decimal places. Date/time A date or time data types you can change the appearance of each from the general tab. Hyperlink Stores data types like internet address (e.g. ) Text Any characters that will not be used for calculations for example phone numbers Lookup wizard Stores values that are from an external table, query, or a list of specific values Memo Whole sentences of up to 64,000 characters in length including spaces Numbers Any numerals that may be used in calculations for example amounts. OLE Any linked object like a picture, sound, document or photograph. Yes/No A logical field that will need only a yes or a no, true or false, on or off Field properties A field property is the specific characteristic of a particular field. Field properties are specified from the general tab on the data-table structure. They include field
Other forms of fraud may be facilitated using computer systems, including , , , and Drug trafficking Drug traffickers are increasingly taking advantage of the Internet to sell their illegal substances through encrypted and other Internet Technology. Some arrange deals at , use courier Web sites to track illegal packages of pills, and swap recipes for amphetamines in restricted-access chat rooms. Cyber Crime” describes criminal activities committed through the use of electronic communications media. or Cyber crime can mean any criminal activity that takes place over the Internet. Examples include fraud, How to control computer crime Just like any sort of crime, common sense is your most valuable ally when dealing with cyber criminals, Never open suspicious documents sent to email. Don't give out personal information to people you don't know. And be wary when approached with a suspicious proposition. Learn about cyber crime and talk to your family about how to identify scams. Never give out your personal information to anyone you do not know on the Web. Use a firewall to protect your computer from hackers. Most security software comes with a firewall. Turn on the firewall that comes with your router as well. Purchase and install anti-virus software such as McAfee or Norton Anti-Virus. AVG offers free anti-virus protection if you do not wish to purchase software. Shop only at secure websites. Look for a Truste or VeriSign seal when checking out. Never give your credit card information to a website that looks suspicious or to someone you don't know. Use strong passwords on your accounts that are difficult to guess. Include both letters and numerals in your passwords. Never use a word that is easy to guess -- like your wife's name. Keep watch over your children and see how they use the Internet. Install parental control software to limit where they can surf. 12.2. Computer Ethics and integrity Computer ethics refers to a set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers. Or the human values and moral conduct relating to right and wrong behavior/decisions made when using computers.