Email: nicola.barclay@ndcn.ox.ac.uk + Joint First Authors For submission to: SLEEP. Institution at which work was performed: Goldsmiths, University of London and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London Author affiliations: [1] Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK [2] MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London UK [3] Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA [4] MRC Harwell, UK [5] Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK Financial Disclosures for All Authors: None reported. Conflicts of Interests for All Authors: None reported. Authorship responsibilities: TCE is the founder of the G1219 study. AMG ran waves 4 and 5 of the G1219 study. FR and NB ran the analyses for this study. All authors contributed to the drafting of this manuscript.
Acknowledgements: We thank the families for their participation as well as numerous staff and students from the Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London and Goldsmiths, University of London. The authors thank Monika Waszczuk for her input and help with Figure 1. Table 1. Means (SD) for raw insomnia and depression scores and number of individual (N) and full pairs (FP) Total Males Females MZ DZ Sibs Time 1 INS 6.27 (5.29) N=1546 5.75 (5.00) N=595 6.84 (5.50) N=951 6.00 (5.21) N=415 FP=187 6.30 (5.31) N=769 FP=324 6.61 (5.38) N=329 FP=128 Time 1 DEP 6.51 (5.74) N=1549 5.97 (5.41) N=596 7.06 (5.95) N=953 6.32 (5.62) N=417 FP=189 6.61 (5.76) N=769 FP=324 6.53 (5.86) N=329 FP=128 Time 2 INS 6.44 (5.23) N=857 5.94 (4.96) N=294 6.84 (5.38) N=563 6.07 (4.93) N=222 FP=89 6.56 (5.41) N=402 FP=143 6.62 (5.16) N=216 FP=67 Time 2 5.26 (5.29) 4.70 (4.86) 5.68 (5.54) 5.34 (5.53) 5.81 (5.64) 4.61 (4.22)
MZ twins Twin 2 Time 1 INS Time 1 DEP Time 2 INS Time 2 DEP Time 1 INS .34 (.21-.45) Time 1 DEP .35 (.25-.43) .44 (.33-.54) Time 2 INS .39 (.26-.50) .33 (.21-.43) .31 (.11-.48) Time 2 DEP .32 (.20- 42) .37 (.26-.46) .26 (.11-.39) .35 (.17-.50) DZ twins Twin 2 Time 1 INS Time 1 DEP Time 2 INS Time 2 DEP Time 1 INS .22 (.11-.32) Time 1 DEP .10 (.01-.18) .15 (.04-.25) Time 2 INS .15 (.04-.22) .11 (.01-.21) .22 (.07-.35) Time 2 DEP .12 (.02-.21) .16 (.06-.26) .10 (-.01-.21) .19 (.05-.32) Siblings Sibling 2 Time 1 INS Time 1 DEP Time 2 INS Time 2 DEP Time 1 INS .04 (-.12-.20)
Time 1 DEP .10 (-.02-.23) .14 (-.03-.30) Time 2 INS .22 (.06-.35) .13 (-.03-.27) .09 (-.14-.32) Time 2 DEP .17 (.02-.31) .13 (-.03-.29) .08 (-.11-.26) -.02 (-.25-.21) Note. Time 1 = Wave 4; Time 2 = Wave 5; INS = Insomnia Symptoms; DEP = Depression Symptoms; MZ = Monozygotic; DZ = Dizygotic. Shaded cells represent within-trait cross twin/sibling correlations. Table 4. Parameter estimates from best fitting multivariate AE model (95% confidence intervals) Time 1 INS Time 1 DEP Time 2 INS Time 2 DEP Additive genetic and nonshared environmental overlap between phenotypes Time 1 INS / / Time 1 DEP rA = .80 (.65 - .94) rE = .32 (.22 - .41) / / Time 2 INS rA = 1 (.83 - 1) rE =.22 (.10 - .34) rA = .79 (.57 - 1) rE = .12 (-.02 - .27) / /