Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher, 1920) Synonym: Tetranychus viennensis Zacher, 1920 [Tetranychidae] Hawthorn spider mite Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found Yes. Associated with P. persica (Migeon & Dorkeld 2013). Primarily feeds on the underside of leaves (Jeppson, Keifer & Baker 1975). Has been intercepted in South Africa on imported Prunus fruit from Spain (DAFF RSA 2014). Yes. This species is polyphagous. Hosts include peanut, quince, fig, strawberry, cotton, apple, cherry, plum, peach, pear and raspberry (CABI 2015; Migeon & Dorkeld 2013). These hosts are widely available throughout Australia. This species is found in many parts of temperate Asia and Europe (Migeon & Dorkeld 2013). Many parts of temperate Australia have similar climatic conditions to regions where the pest is currently established. Yes. This species is an important pest of apple, peach, pear, apricot, plum, hawthorn, cherry, sweet cherry and raspberry in Asia and Europe (Jeppson, Keifer & Baker 1975). Yes (EP) Bryobia rubrioculus (Schenten, 1857) [Tetranychidae] Brown spider mite Yes (Wang 1981; Yang, Tulake & Li 2005) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Halliday 2013; Plant Health Australia 2001; Poole 2010) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Eotetranychus smithi (Pritchard and Baker, 1955) [Tetranychidae] Smith spider mite Yes (Wang 1981) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Migeon & Dorkeld 2013). It feeds in colonies near the midrib on leaves (Jeppson, Keifer & Baker 1975). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) [Tetranychidae] Citrus red mite Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997; Manson 1987; Wang 1981) Yes. NSW, SA (CSIRO 2005; Halliday 2013). Listed as a declared organism (Prohibited (section 12)) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Citrus is the main host. No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) [Tetranychidae] European red mite Yes (AQSIQ 2006c) Yes. NSW, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Botha & Learmonth 2005; Halliday 2013; Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval, 1867) [Tetranychidae] Carmine spider mite Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997; Wang 1981) Yes. All states and territories (CSIRO 2005; Halliday 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, 1927 [Tetranychidae] Kanzawa spider mite Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997; Wang, Cui & Zhang 1981) Yes. NSW, Qld (CSIRO 2005; Halliday 2013; Navajas et al. 2001). Listed as a declared organism (Prohibited) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Tetranychus kanzawai is often found on the under surface of the leaves; damaged leaves have yellowish spots; heavily infested leaves may become yellow and dry (CABI 2015). No records on nectarine was found. This species is not regulated in WA’s policy for fresh summerfruit from the eastern states (Poole et al. 2011). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 [Tetranychidae] Bean spider mite, dark-red spider mite Yes (Wang 1981) Yes. All states and territories (CSIRO 2005; Halliday 2013) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor, 1950) [Tetranychidae] Yes (Cheng 1994) No records found No. Reported to cause damage to P. persica (Paschoal 1968). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Tetranychus neocaledonicus André, 1933 [Tetranychidae] Vegetable mite Yes (Wang 1981) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, WA (Halliday 2013; Plant Health Australia 2001). May not present in Tas. as it probably restricted to warmer areas where the temperature rarely goes below 10 °C (Seeman & Beard 2011). No. Mites prefer the young leaves. However in heavy infestations, mites may lead to plant death (Zhang 2008). No report of T. neocaledonicus on nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Tetranychus piercei McGregor, 1950 [Tetranychidae] Banana leaf mite Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997; Wang 1981) No records found No. This mite is mainly a pest of banana, pawpaw and sweet potato (CABI 2015). It mainly attacks the leaves and stems (Zhang & Fu 2004). There is only a single record of peach as a host in Taiwan (Lo 1968). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov & Nikol'skii, 1937 Synonym: Eotetranychus turkestani Ugarov & Nikol'skii, 1937 [Tetranychidae] Strawberry spider mite Yes (CABI 2015; Chen et al. 2007) No records found Yes. P. persica is a host (Migeon & Dorkeld 2013). This mite feeds in colonies mainly on the lower surface of the leaf but the injury shows on the upper surface (Jeppson, Keifer & Baker 1975). While fruit infestation appears to be uncommon, if population densities are high then mites may be associated with fruit. Tetranychus turkestani has been intercepted in South Africa on imported Prunus fruit from Spain (DAFF RSA 2014). Yes. This species has a wide host range including willow, cucumber, melons, pumpkin, lucerne, cherry, peach, quince, grape and maize (Migeon & Dorkeld 2013). These host plants are widely distributed throughout Australia. This species is distributed throughout Europe, Africa, Asia, North America and New Zealand (Migeon & Dorkeld 2013). Many regions of Australia have similar climatic conditions to these areas suitable for its establishment. Yes. A serious pest of many crops, with high populations able to cause leaf drop and plant death (Jeppson, Keifer & Baker 1975). Yes (EP) Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 Synonym: Tetranychus bimaculatus Harvey, 1892 [Tetranychidae] Two-spotted spider mite Yes (CIQSA 2001c) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (CSIRO 2005; Halliday 2013; Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Coleoptera Adoretus sinicus Burmeister, 1855 Synonym: Adoretus tenuimaculatus Waterhouse, 1875 [Scarabaeidae] Chinese rose beetle Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Adults feed on leaves of P. persica trees and larvae feed on roots (Hill 2008). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky, 1853 [Scarabaeidae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Adults feed on the leaves and stems of P. persica trees (AQSIQ 2006b). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Anomala cuprea (Hope, 1839) [Scarabaeidae] Cupreous chafer Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Adults feed on the leaves of Prunus spp. (Tayutivutikul & Kusigemati 1992). Larvae feed on roots and live in the soil (Hiromori & Nishigaki 1998). No reports of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Anthonomus pomorum (Linnaeus, 1758) [Curculionidae] Apple blossom weevil Yes (Arakawa 1931) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Arakawa 1931). Females deposit eggs in the tips of buds and larvae feed on the anthers, style and stigma (Schreiner 1914). Newly emerged adults feed on leaves (Arakawa 1931). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Anthonomus sp. [Curculionidae] Peach blossom weevil Yes (Wu et al. 1995) No records found of this genus No. Females deposit eggs singly on flower buds. The larvae feed on the flowers which fall to the ground, while adults feed on leaves (Wu et al. 1995). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Gametis jucunda (Faldermann, 1835) [Scarabaeidae] Citrus flower chafer Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Feeds on leaves and stems of P. persica (AQSIQ 2006b). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Popillia japonica (Newman, 1841) [Scarabaeidae] Japanese beetle Yes. Popillia japonica is reported as present in China (CAAS 1992; GAAS 2010). However, MOA (2007) lists P. japonica as a quarantine pest for China. Some records may be a misidentification of P. quadriguttata (An 1990). Based on the available evidence, the Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources considers P. japonica to be present in China. No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Fleming 1972). Larvae feed on plant roots, and eggs are preferentially laid in pasture and field crops (Fleming 1972). Adults can attack the fruit of early ripening varieties of peaches, but otherwise feed on leaves, flowers and externally on fruit (Fleming 1972). Adults are 8–10 millimetres long and brightly coloured (Fleming 1972). Likely to be disturbed during picking and would easily be detected during the packing processes. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Proagopertha lucidula (Faldermann, 1835) [Scarabaeidae] Lucidula chafer Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Feeds on leaves and stems of P. persica (AQSIQ 2006b). Generally, larvae feed on roots and adults feed on flowers and leaves (CABI 2015). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Rhynchites auratus (Scopoli, 1763) [Rhynchitidae] Cherry weevil Yes (CAAS 1992; Wang et al. 1998) No records found Yes. Associated with P. persica (Dezianian 2005). Females oviposit deep into the fruit pulp where the larvae develop (Booth, Cox & Madge 1990). Yes. Hosts of this species include apple and stonefruit (Booth, Cox & Madge 1990; Dezianian 2005). These hosts are distributed throughout Australia in domestic, commercial and wild environments where the weevils could establish. Rhynchites auratus is currently distributed from Europe to Siberia (Booth, Cox & Madge 1990). These regions span a range of climate types, many of which are similar to temperate areas throughout much of Australia. Yes. Serious pest in Europe and Asia (Booth, Cox & Madge 1990; Wang et al. 1998). A major pest of cherry and minor pest of apricot, peach, plum and almond in Iran (Dezianian 2005). Yes (EP) Rhynchites confragosicollis Voss, 1933 [Rhynchitidae] Peach curculio Yes (CIQSA 2001a, c; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found Yes. Associated with P. persica (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). Other weevils in this genus oviposit in the fruit where the larvae develop (Booth, Cox & Madge 1990; Hanson 1963; Katsumata 1934). Yes. Pest of P. persica trees in China (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). These hosts are distributed throughout Australia. The climate in areas where R. confragosicollis occurs is similar to temperate areas in Australia. Yes. Limited information is available on this species. However, other species within this genus have the potential for economic consequences. Yes
Diptera Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi, 1916) [Tephritidae] Guava fruit fly Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). No records found Yes. Associated with P. persica (CABI 2015; Steck 2002). Lays eggs on the skin of the fruit and the larvae bore into the fruit (CABI 2015). Bactrocera correcta is a quarantine pest of China. Limited distribution in south and southwest China (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). Yes. Hosts of this pest include pawpaw, mango, cherry and peach and it is found across Asia (CABI 2015). Its hosts, and geographic, range suggest that it could establish and spread in Australia. Yes. This pest has caused up to 80 per cent damage in guava crops (CABI 2015). Yes (EP) Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, 1899 Synonym: Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, 1899 [Tephritidae] Melon fly Yes (CABI 2015; Dhillon et al. 2005; Huang 2006; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Although B. cucurbitae was recorded on the dropped peach fruit on ground (Huang 2006), no records of B. cucurbitae on harvested commercial peach or nectarine fruit was found. Limited distribution in south and southwest China (CABI 2015; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) Synonym: Dacus dorsalis Hendel, 1912 [Tephritidae] Oriental fruit fly Yes (CABI 2015; Huang 2006; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found Yes. Associated with P. persica. Oviposits into the fruit of hosts. Eggs hatch inside the fruit and the larvae consume the fruit pulp (CABI 2015). Yes. Found throughout Asia, with restricted distribution elsewhere. It has a wide host range, including capsicum, citrus, melon, apple, cherry and peach (CABI 2015). Its hosts and geographic range suggest that it could establish and spread in Australia. Yes. The species is a very serious pest of a wide variety of fruit and vegetables, and damage levels can be anything up to 100 per cent of unprotected fruit (CABI 2015). Yes (EP)
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) [Drosophilidae] Spotted wing drosophila Yes (Damus 2009; Kai, Zhang & Carson 1993; Kaneshiro 1983; Toda 1991) No records found Yes. This species infests a range of fresh fruit including P. persica (Brewer et al. 2012; Kanzawa 1939). Larvae and pupae develop internally in fruit (Dreves, Walton & Fisher 2009; Lee et al. 2011). Yes. Attacks a broad range of ornamentals (Dreves, Walton & Fisher 2009; NAPPO 2010) and commercially grown fruit, including apple, pear, grape, blueberry, raspberry, blackberry, cherry and stonefruit (CABI 2015). These hosts are widely available throughout Australia (AVH 2014). This species is considered native to Asia and has established and spread outside its native range to Europe, Canada, USA and South America (Hauser, Gaimari & Damus 2009). These regions have environments and climates similar to those found in various parts of Australia. Yes. This species can cause significant economic damage to a range of commercial fruit crops (Bolda, Goodhue & Zalom 2010; CABI 2015). It causes significant damage to commercial peaches, plums and apricots (Escudero Colomar et al. 2011; Weydert 2011). Yes (EP)
Hemiptera Amrasca flavescens (Fabricius, 1794) [Cicadellidae] Green tea leafhopper Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). Little information is available on the biology of this pest. Members of this family (Cicadellidae) usually feed on leaves and stems, and secrete honeydew (Harvard Entomology 2006). Leafhoppers are highly mobile and would not remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell, 1879) Synonym: Aspidiotus aurantii Maskell, 1879 [Diaspididae] Red scale Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett, 1891) [Diaspididae] Yellow scale Yes. (CAAS 1992; CABI 2015) Yes. NSW, Vic., SA, WA (Plant Health Australia 2001; Poole 2010) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 [Aphididae] Cowpea aphid Yes (CABI 2015; Cao et al. 2004) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001). Because A. craccivora is a known vector of plum pox virus (which is absent from Australia) (CABI & EPPO 2007; Gildow 2004; Kaya et al. 2014), the potential to be on the pathway needs to be assessed. No. Young colonies concentrate on growing points of plants in spring. Feeds on young leaves, shoots and flowers (CABI 2015). No report of association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 [Aphididae] Cotton aphid, Melon aphid Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001; Poole 2010). Because A. gossypii is a known vector of plum pox virus (which is absent from Australia) (CABI & EPPO 2007; Gildow 2004; Kaya et al. 2014), the potential to be on the pathway needs to be assessed. No. Prefers to feed on the undersides of young leaves causing infested leaves to curl downwards and appear wrinkled or reddened (CABI 2015). No report of association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914 [Aphididae] Apple aphid Yes (AQSIQ 2005) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001; Poole 2010). Because A. spiraecola is a known vector of plum pox virus (which is absent from Australia) (CABI & EPPO 2007; Gildow 2004; Kaya et al. 2014), the potential to be on the pathway needs to be assessed. No. Eggs are laid on smooth twigs and watersprouts. Adults prefer to feed on undersides of leaves, on growing shoot tips or the shoot stem although high populations can result in direct feeding on developing fruits (Beers, Hoyt & Willett 1993). No report of association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür, 1843) Synonym: Lygocoris lucorum (Meyer-Dür, 1843) [Miridae] Green plant bug Yes (AQSIQ 2006b; Feng & Wang 2004) No records found No. Feeds on fruit of P. persica (AQSIQ 2006b). Eggs laid in dead parts of tree branches (Pan et al. 2014). Adults and nymphs will be disturbed during harvest and are not likely to remain with the fruit. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Aspidiotus destructor Signoret, 1869 [Diaspididae] Coconut scale Yes (CABI 2015; Watson 2005) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, 1833 [Diaspididae] Oleander scale Yes (CABI 2015; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Bothrogonia ferruginea (Fabricius, 1787) [Cicadellidae] Black-tipped leafhopper Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). Little information is available on the biology of this pest. Members of this family (Cicadellidae) feed on various vascular plants, usually on the leaves and stems, and secrete honeydew (Harvard Entomology 2006). Leafhoppers are highly mobile and would not remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) Synonym: Anuraphis helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) [Aphididae] Leafcurl plum aphid Yes (CAAS 1992; Feng & Wang 2004; Yang, Tulake & Li 2005) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Because B. helichrysi is a known vector of plum pox virus (which is absent from Australia) (CABI & EPPO 2007; Gildow 2004; Kaya et al. 2014), the potential to be on the pathway needs to be assessed. No. Sucks sap from leaves, flower buds and newly formed fruit. Consequently the fruit either does not set or falls prematurely (CABI 2015). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Ceroplastes ceriferus Fabricius, 1798 [Coccidae] Indian wax scale Yes (CABI 2015) Yes. NSW, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, 1881 [Coccidae] Florida wax scale Yes (CAAS 1992) Yes. NSW, Qld (Plant Health Australia 2001). Listed as a declared organism (Prohibited (section 12)) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Primarily occurs on stems, leaves and branches (Miller et al. 2007b). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Ceroplastes japonicus Green, 1921 [Coccidae] Japanese wax scale Yes (CAAS 1992) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (CAAS 1992; Sullivan & Molet 2011). Infestations occur on the foliage, stems and branches (Sullivan & Molet 2011). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, 1893 [Coccidae] Pink wax scale Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic., WA (CSIRO 2005; Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus, 1758) [Diaspididae] Circular scale Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, Tas., WA (CABI 2015; Plant Health Australia 2001; Poole 2010). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis, 1843) Synonym: Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis, 1843) [Diaspididae] Oystershell scale Yes (Ben-Dov et al. 2014; CABI 2015) Yes. NSW, SA, Tas., Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). This species is listed as a quarantine pest for WA (Poole et al. 2011) and is listed as a declared organism (Prohibited (section 12)) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). Yes. Associated with P. persica. Mostly infests the bark on stems and branches of trees, but sometimes can be found on the fruit where it causes red spots (Beardsley & Gonzalez 1975; CABI 2015). Yes. This species has a wide host range, being reported from 41 genera in 18 families, mainly deciduous trees. Many of these host plants are widespread in Western Australia. It is widely distributed in Palaearctic and Nearctic regions and has been introduced into Australia, Argentina, Canada and New Zealand (CABI 2015). This species is already established in parts of Australia (Plant Health Australia 2001) suggesting that there are regions within Western Australia suitable for the establishment and spread of this pest. Assess not required. The potential economic consequences would only apply to WA should this species enter, establish and spread. WA has assessed these consequences as ‘very low’ using similar methodology to the Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources(Poole et al. 2011) which meets their ALOP. No Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881) Synonym: Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881) [Diaspididae] California scale, San Jose Scale Yes (CABI 2015; Yang, Tulake & Li 2005) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Didesmococcus koreanus Borchsenius, 1955 [Coccidae] Korean scale Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Associated with leaves and stems of P. persica (AQSIQ 2006b). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Drosicha corpulenta (Kuwana, 1902) [Monophlebidae] Giant mealybug Yes (CIQSA 2001c; Feng & Wang 2004; Xu et al. 1999) No records found No. Eggs overwinter in the soil, nymphs feed on young buds and pupate in cracks in the bark of the host (Xu et al. 1999). Adult females and nymphs feed on stems and branches (Feng & Wang 2004). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Empoasca flavescens (Fabricius, 1794) Synonym: Empoasca mali (LeBaron, 1853) [Cicadellidae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b; CIQSA 2001c) No records found No. Associated with leaves and stems of P. persica (AQSIQ 2006b; CABI 2015). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802) [Aphididae] Woolly aphid Yes (CABI 2015; CIQSA 2001b) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (CABI 2015; Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Eulecanium giganteum (Shinji, 1935) [Coccidae] Yes (Ben-Dov 2014a; Yang et al. 2008) No records found No. Associated with P. persica, but only feeds on twigs, branches and leaves (Yang et al. 2008). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Eulecanium kunoense (Kuwana, 1907) [Coccidae] Globular peach scale Yes (AQSIQ 2006b; CIQSA 2001c; Feng & Wang 2004) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (AQSIQ 2006b). Nymphs and adult females feed on branches and leaves (Feng & Wang 2004). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Geisha distinctissima (Walker, 1858) [Flatidae] Green broad-winged planthopper Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). On citrus, this planthopper feeds on young leaves (Clausen 1927) and it would be expected to behave similarly on nectarine trees. No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762) Synonym: Hyalopterus arundinis (Takahashi, 1924) [Aphididae] Mealy plum aphid Yes (AQSIQ 2006b; CAAS 1992; CIQSA 2001c) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic. (CSIRO 2005; Plant Health Australia 2001). Because H. pruni is a known vector of plum pox virus (which is absent from Australia) (CABI & EPPO 2007; Gildow 2004; Kaya et al. 2014) the potential to be on the pathway needs to be assessed. No. Associated with P. persica (AQSIQ 2006b). Eggs are laid on the axils of lateral buds or into cracks in the bark. Adults and nymphs feed on flower buds, flowers and leaves (Smith 1936). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1878 [Monophlebidae] Cottony cushion scale Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. All states and territories (CSIRO 2005; Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Icerya seychellarum (Westwood, 1855) [Monophlebidae] Seychelles mealybug Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2001; Poole 2010). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Lepidosaphes conchiformis (Gmelin, 1790) [Diaspididae] Pear oystershell scale Yes (Ben-Dov et al. 2014) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Ben-Dov et al. 2014). Feeds on leaves and branches (Ben-Dov et al. 2014; Kumral, Gencer & Coskuncu 2004; Watson 2005). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard, 1869) Synonym: Aspidiotus gloverii Packard, 1869 [Diaspididae] Glover scale Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld and Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). This species is listed as a permitted organism (section 11) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis (Bouché, 1851) [Diaspididae] Purple scale Yes (Ben-Dov et al. 2014) Yes. NSW, Qld, Tas., Vic., (Hudson 1967; Plant Health Australia 2001). This species is an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis affects leaves and sometime stems (Watson 2005). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Lepidosaphes tubulorum (Ferris, 1921) [Diaspididae] Dark oystershell scale Yes (Ben-Dov et al. 2014) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Ben-Dov et al. 2014). Feeds on stems (USDA-APHIS 2002). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linneaus, 1758) [Diaspididae] Oystershell scale Yes (Ben-Dov et al. 2014; CABI 2015) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (CSIRO 2005; Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Megacopta cribraria (Fabricius, 1798) [Plataspididae] Globular stink bug Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). On other hosts, females lay eggs on the underside of leaves (Ren 1984) and adults and nymphs feed on stems, leaves or legume pods (Wu, Wu & Hua 2006). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Myzus momonis (Matsumura, 1917) [Aphididae] Peach aphid Yes (CIQSA 2001c) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). Attacks the lower surfaces of leaves; infested leaves become rolled (Takahashi 1923). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Myzus mumecola (Matsumura, 1917) [Aphididae] Plum aphid Yes (CAAS 1992; GAAS 2012; Zhang 2009) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (CAAS 1992; MAFF 1989). Attacks the lower surfaces of leaves; infested leaves become rolled (Takahashi 1923). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) Synonym: Aphis persicae Sulzer, 1776 [Aphididae] Green peach aphid Yes (AQSIQ 2006b). Yes. All states and territories (CSIRO 2005; Plant Health Australia 2001). Because M. persicae is a known vector of plum pox virus (which is absent from Australia) (CABI & EPPO 2007; Gildow 2004; Kaya et al. 2014) the potential to be on the pathway needs to be assessed. No. On summerfruit hosts, M. persicae feeds along the leaf veins of older leaves (CABI 2015; Feng & Wang 2004). Reproductive females usually lay their eggs, in crevices around and in axillary buds. Newly hatched nymphs feed on opened buds, flowers and soft shoots of peach trees (CABI 2015). No report of association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Naratettix zonatus (Matsumura, 1915) [Cicadellidae] Banded leafhopper Yes (Yang 1965) No records found No. Leafhoppers usually feed on leaves (Yang 1965). Nymphs and adults are highly mobile and would be disturbed during harvest and are not likely to remain with the fruit. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Nezara antennata Scott, 1874 [Pentatomidae] Green stink bug Yes (JNGPC 2008; Li et al. 2001) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Li et al. 2001). Feeds on leaves and fruit. Nymphs and adults are highly mobile and would be disturbed during harvest and are not likely to remain with the fruit. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) [Pentatomidae] Green vegetable bug Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead, 1894) [Pseudococcidae] Spherical mealybug Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NT, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Oncotympana maculaticollis (Motschulsky, 1866) [Cicadidae] Mingming cicada Yes 2008b; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Associated with P. persica. Adults suck sap from and lay eggs in branches, and nymphs feed on sap of roots 2008b). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner,1861) Synonym: Lecanium nigrum Nietner, 1861 [Coccidae] Pomegranate scale Yes (Ben-Dov 2014a; CABI 2015) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana, 1927) [Aleyrodidae] Bayberry whitefly Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. Qld (CSIRO 2005). Listed as a declared organism (Prohibited (section 12)) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Prunus are minor hosts of Parabemisia myricae. Eggs are laid on edges or upper surfaces of young leaves where they become sessile (CABI 2015). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Parlatoreopsis chinensis (Marlatt, 1908) Synonym: Parlatoria chinensis Sasscer, 1919 [Diaspididae] Chinese obscure scale Yes (Ben-Dov et al. 2014; Miller & Davidson 2005) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Baker et al. 1943; Denning 1942). It attacks stems, twigs and leaves (Baker et al. 1943). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Parlatoria oleae (Clovée, 1880) [Diaspidae] Olive parlatoria scale, Olive scale Yes (Chen 2003; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997; Yang et al. 2008) Yes. NSW, Qld, WA (CSIRO 2005; Taylor & Burt 2007). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Parlatoria pergandii Comstock, 1881 Synonym: Parlatoria camelliae Comstock, 1883 [Diaspididae] Black parlatoria scale, Chaff scale Yes (Ben-Dov et al. 2014; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, Qld (CSIRO 2005). Listed as prohibited organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Prunus are minor hosts. It has only been recorded on Prunus laurocerasus 2014b). This species was not regulated in WA’s policy for fresh stonefruit from the eastern states (Poole et al. 2011). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Parlatoria proteus (Curtis, 1843) [Diaspididae] Common parlatoria scale Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Parthenolecanium corni (Beuché, 1844) [Coccidae] Plum scale, European fruit lecanium Yes (Feng & Wang 2004; Yang et al. 2008) Yes. NSW, Vic., Tas. (CSIRO 2005). Listed as prohibited organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Immature P. corni female scales overwinter on the twigs. The young scales tend to settle on the leaves before moving to the stems (Landcare Research 2015). Eggs are laid under the body of the female on arboreal parts of plant (Miller et al. 2007a). No records of P. corni on commercial nectarine fruit was found. This species was not regulated by WA’s policy for fresh stonefruit from the eastern states (Poole et al. 2011). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Parthenolecanium orientalis Borchsenius, 1957 [Coccidae] Oriental scale Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Associated with leaves and stems of P. persica (AQSIQ 2006b). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776) [Coccidae] European peach scale Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley, 1898) [Diaspididae] Hibiscus snow scale Yes (Ben-Dov et al. 2014; CABI 2015) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) [Pseudococcidae] Citrus mealybug Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Plautia stali Scott, 1874 [Pentatomidae] Brown winged green stinkbug Yes (CABI 2015; Liu & Zheng 1994; Schaefer & Panazzi 2000) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Schaefer & Panazzi 2000). Nymphs and adults are highly mobile and would be disturbed during harvest and are not likely to remain with the fruit. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Pseudaonidia duplex (Cockerell, 1899) [Diaspididae] Camphor scale Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997; Watson 2005) No records found Yes. Associated with P. persica (Hodges 2005). Mainly feeds on the bark of stems and branches (Shiao 1977), but it also attacks leaves and fruit (Watson 2005). Yes. This species has hosts in 57 genera in 10 plant families (Davidson & Miller 1990) including Prunus, Pyrus and Citrus species (Watson 2005), which are widely cultivated in Australia. Climatic conditions in many parts of Australia will be suitable for its establishment and spread. Yes. A serious pest of tea in Taiwan. Male [nymphs] attack leaves while the females attack branches, eventually leading to plant death (Shiao 1977). Yes
Pseudaulacaspis prunicola (Maskell, 1895) [Diaspididae] Armoured scale Yes (Ben-Dov et al. 2014; Davidson & Miller 1990) No records found Yes. A pest of P. persica (Miller & Davidson 1990). It feeds on the bark, fruit and occasionally on leaves (Davidson & Miller 1990). Yes. Crawlers are the primary dispersal stage and are dispersed by wind or animal contact (Davidson & Miller 1990). This species is recorded on host plants belonging to 21 genera in 16 families (Davidson & Miller 1990). Climatic conditions in many parts of Australia will be suitable for its establishment and spread. Yes. In the USA and Japan this scale is a serious pest of Prunus spp. (Davidson & Miller 1990; MAFF 2008). Despite control measures this pest sometimes kills its host plants (Davidson & Miller 1990). Yes (EP)
Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonym: Coccus betulae Linnaeus, 1758 [Coccidae] Cottony grape scale Yes (Ben-Dov 2014a; Yang et al. 2008; Zhang & Wu 2007) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Phillips 1963). Found on the stems and underside of leaves; immature females overwinter on twigs of host (Landcare Research 2014). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Rhodococcus turanicus (Archangelskaya, 1937) Synonym: Lecanium coryli turanicum Archangelskaya, 1937 [Coccidae] Yes (Yang et al. 2008) No records found No. Yang (2008) reported that this pest only attacks the twigs, branches and leaves of P. persica. No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus 1758) [Aphididae] Oat aphid Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1852) [Coccidae] Hemispherical scale Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Saissetia oleae (Bernard, 1782) [Coccidae] Olive scale Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Hymenoptera Pristiphora sinensis Wong, 1977 [Tenthredinidae] Yes (Wu et al. 2006) No records found No. Causes damage to the leaves of P. persica (Wu et al. 2006). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lepidoptera Acleris fimbriana (Thunberg, 1791) [Tortricidae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b; Han & Ma 1996; Liu & Meng 2003) No records found No. Feeds on leaves and stems of P. persica in China (AQSIQ 2006b). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Acrobasis pirivorella (Matsumura, 1900) [Pyralidae] Pear pyralid Yes (Gao, Zhou & Xie 2004; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. A pest of P. persica in China (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Acronicta strigosa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [Noctuidae] Cherry dagger moth Yes (Cao & Wang 1986) No records found No. A pest of P. persica and other fruit trees (Cao & Wang 1986). Larvae feed on leaves (Bailey & Caon 1986; Cao & Wang 1986). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Actias selene ningpoana Felder & Felder, 1862 [Saturniidae] Chinese moon moth Yes (He 1991) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Feng & Wang 2004). Larvae feed on leaves (Feng & Wang 2004). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Amphipyra pyramidea Linnaeus, 1758 [Noctuidae] Copper underwing Yes 2008a; Zhang 2005) No records found No. Larvae have been found on P. persica trees (Chapman & Lienk 1974). Larvae feed on leaves and occasionally chew on the skin of fruit (CHNZX-Farming 2008a). Larvae feed externally on fruit and would be dislodged during harvesting and packinghouse operations. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Anarsia lineatella Zeller, 1839 Synonym: Anarsia pruniella (Clerck, 1759) [Gelechiidae] Peach twig borer Yes (Yang, Tulake & Li 2005) No records found Yes. Associated with P. persica (CABI 2015). Larvae feed on shoots and bore into fruit. Females lay eggs on shoots, the underside of the leaves and on developing fruit (Reding & Alston 2003). Yes. Feeds on Prunus spp. (CABI 2015). Prunus species are common as residential and amenity plantings and are also commercially grown in many areas of Australia. It is widespread in North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa (CABI 2015), which have regions with similar climates to parts of Australia. The pest’s host range and current distribution suggest that it could establish and spread in Australia. Yes. Feeds on fruit reducing marketability; a major pest of stonefruit across North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa (CABI 2015). In California, it has previously been reported to cause damage to 71 per cent of almond kernels in susceptible cultivars and may still cause extensive losses in the absence of adequate control measures (Rice, Garnett & Steenwyk 1996). Yes (EP)
Anomis mesogona (Walker, 1858) [Noctuidae] Anomis fruit moth Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (CABI 2015). Anomis mesogona is a nocturnal fruit piercing moth whose adults pierce and suck the juice from fleshy fruit. This large, wary moth shelters in foliage away from fruit during daylight hours (USDA 2002) therefore it would not be present on fruit during harvesting. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Aporia crataegi adherbal Fruhstorfer, 1910 [Pieridae] Blackveined white butterfly Yes (Grichanov & Ovsyannikova 2009) No records found No. Larvae damage leaves and buds of P. persica (Grichanov & Ovsyannikova 2009). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Argyrotaenia ljungiana (Thunberg, 1797) Synonym: Argyrotaenia pulchellana (Haworth, 1811) [Tortricidae] Grape tortrix, Grey-barred twist Yes (Afonin et al. 2008; Byun, Yan & Li 2003) No records found Yes. Larvae attack fruit of P. persica (Briolini & Giunchi 1966; Castellari 1988; Kharizanov 1976). Larvae feed on both foliage and fruit (Carter 1984; Kharizanov 1976). Yes. Attacks a large number of ornamental and cultivated host plants as well as forest trees (Afonin et al. 2008; Baggiolini 1961; Briolini & Giunchi 1966; Carter 1984; INRA 1997; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000b; Pollini 2008; Tremblay 1966). The species has a broad host range and its current distribution in China suggests that it could establish and spread in many parts of Australia. Yes. This species is one of the most important insect pests of apricot, peach and plum in Europe (Afonin et al. 2008; Baggiolini 1961; Briolini & Giunchi 1966; Castellari 1988; Kharizanov 1976). It is a significant pest of fruit production, industrial, ornamental, and field cultures in the southern regions of Russia (Afonin et al. 2008). Yes Artena dotata (Fabricius, 1794) [Noctuidae] Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Fruit-piercer of P. persica (Bänziger 1982). Both larvae and adult moths are inactive during the day and hide amongst foliage or leaf litter. During the night, adults usually feed on overripe or fermenting fruit (Common 1990) and will fly away when disturbed. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Bhima undulosa Walker, 1855 [Lasiocampidae] Yes (Wu & Huang 1986) No records found No. Found on P. persica (Wu & Huang 1986). Larvae feed on leaves and overwinter on bark close to the ground. Eggs are laid in the fork of branches (Wu & Huang 1986). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Biston panterinaria (Bremer & Grey, 1853) Synonym: Culcula panterinaria (Bremer & Grey, 1853) [Geometridae] Chinese pistacia looper Yes (Ding et al. 2006; FSLY 2010; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997; Zhu, Guo & Zhang 1985) No records found No. P. persica is a host tree (Yu 2001). Larvae feed on leaves (Ding et al. 2006; FSLY 2010). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Calyptra gruesa (Draudt, 1950) Synonym: Calpe gruesa (Draudt, 1950) [Noctuidae] Yes (Savela 2009; ZDCBIC 2005) No records found No. Attacks P. persica (Hattori 1969). Both larvae and adult moths are inactive during the day and hide amongst the foliage or leaf litter. At night adults usually feed on overripe or fermenting fruit (Common 1990) and will fly away when disturbed. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Carposina sasakii Matsumura, 1900 Synonym: Carposina niponensis Walsingham, 1900 [Carposinidae] Peach fruit borer Yes (AQSIQ 2006c) No records found Yes. Feeds on fruit of P. persica (AQSIQ 2006b; Zhang et al. 1995). Females lay eggs on the fruit near the calyx. Larvae may tunnel into fruit and feed on the flesh and seed (CABI 2015). Yes. This species feeds on a wide range of cultivated fruit trees, such as apple, pear and stonefruit, especially the Rosaceae but also other families. This pest is capable of spreading independently as the adult moths can fly long distances (CABI 2015). Carposina sasakii is known to have established and spread outside its native range in areas where it has been introduced. In Russia, internal quarantine measures are employed in an attempt to control the spread of C. sasakii (CABI 2015). C. sasakii is found throughout many areas of China as well as Japan, Korea and Russia (CABI 2015). The pest’s host range, current distribution and demonstrated ability to spread into new areas suggest that it could establish and spread in Australia. Yes. Carposina sasakii is a very serious pest of fruit crops, causing up to 100 per cent crop loss in apple and pear orchards (CABI 2015; Gibanov & Sanin 1971; Sytenko 1960). It causes significant economic consequences in its current range and would potentially do so in Australia. Consequences would include crop losses as well as quarantine restrictions on trade, both within Australia and internationally to areas where C. sasakii is not present. Yes (EP) Choreutis pariana (Clerck, 1759) [Choreutidae] Yes (Yin et al. 1987) No records found No. Larvae feed on leaves of P. persica Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Grapholita funebrana [Treitschke, 1835] Synonym: Cydia funebrana (Treitschke, 1835) [Tortricidae] Plum fruit moth Yes (AQSIQ 2006b; Kang et al. 1989) No records found Yes. Damages P. persica fruit (AQSIQ 2006b; CABI 2015). Females lay eggs on fruitlets. Newly hatched larvae bore into the fruitlets. Larval feeding continues for several weeks until they reach the fifth instar (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000b). Second generation females lay eggs near the base of developing fruit (Gilligan & Epstein 2012). Yes. Main hosts are species of the genus Prunus (including plum, apricot, cherry, peach) and also apple (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000b). Other hosts include chestnut and almond (CABI 2015). Present in north east China and across central Asia to Turkey, also present in Algeria and throughout Europe (CABI 2015). Host plants of this pest are grown across Australia. Australia also has similar climatic conditions to areas where the pest currently occurs. It is likely that this pest could establish and spread in Australia. Yes. This species is one of the most important lepidopteran pests of fruit in Europe. Larvae can cause significant damage to apricot, cherry, peach, plum and other Prunus species (CABI 2015; Gilligan & Epstein 2012). In plum orchards, first generation larvae are reported to cause per cent damage, but second and third generation larvae caused up to 33 per cent damage (Andreev & Kutinkova 2010). Yes
Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) Synonym: Cydia molesta (Busck, 1916) [Tortricidae] Oriental fruit moth Yes (AQSIQ 2006b; CIQSA 2001b, c) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic. (CABI 2015; Plant Health Australia 2001). This species is listed as a declared organism (Prohibited (section 12)) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). Yes. A pest of P. persica in China (AQSIQ 2006b; CIQSA 2001c; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). Early instar larvae may penetrate fruit through the side of the stem. Such fruit has no obvious signs of the presence of the larva inside the fruit. The larvae remain inside the fruit, feeding until ready to pupate (Howitt 1993). Yes. The principal economic hosts are peach, apricot, nectarine, almond, apple, quince, pear, plum and cherry (Howitt 1993). Many woody ornamental plants are also hosts (Howitt 1993). Late ripening peach cultivars are particularly vulnerable to this pest. Some of these host species are widespread in Western Australia. Grapholita molesta is already reported from all other Australian states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) except the Northern Territory (Poole et al. 2011). The previously eradicated incursion of G. molesta in Western Australia indicates that areas with a suitable environment for the establishment of G. molesta occur in Western Australia. Yes. A major pest of stonefruit throughout the world and a principal economic pest of apple, pear and quince (CABI 2015; Gilligan & Epstein 2012; Rothschild & Vickers 1991). In severe attacks, young trees can suffer distortion of growing shoots and stems leading to economic losses (CABI 2015). The potential economic consequences would only be applicable to WA should this species enter, establish and spread. Yes (EP, WA)
Latoia consocia (Walker, 1863) [Limacodidae] Green urticating caterpillar Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Associated with leaves and stems of P. persica in China (AQSIQ 2006b). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Leucoptera malifoliella (Costa, 1836) Synonym: Leucoptera scitella (Zeller, 1839) [Lyonetiidae] Pear leaf-miner Yes (CABI 2015; CIQSA 2001c) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Robinson et al. 2010). It is generally a leaf eating pest, but overwinters on twigs, branches, trunks and on the soil surface (Maciesiak 1999). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1759) [Lymantriidae] Asian gypsy moth Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Associated with leaves and stems of P. persica in China (AQSIQ 2006b). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lyonetia clerkella (Linneaus, 1758) [Lyonetiidae] Peach leaf-miner Yes (AQSIQ 2006c) No records found No. Common leaf and stem feeder on P. persica in China (AQSIQ 2006b). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Monema flavescens (Walker, 1855) [Limacodidae] Oriental moth Yes (CIQSA 2001c; Lammers & Stigter 2004) No records found No. Associated with leaves and stems of P. persica in China (AQSIQ 2006b). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Oraesia emarginata (Fabricius, 1794) [Noctuidae] Yes (Liu & Kuang 2001) Yes. Qld (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). This species is listed as a declared organism (Prohibited (section 12)) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). No. A pest of P. persica (Liu & Kuang 2001). Both larvae and adult noctuid moths are inactive during the day and hide amongst foliage or leaf litter. During the night, adults usually feed on overripe or fermenting fruit (Common 1990). Adults fly off from the fruit, once disturbed. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Peridroma saucia (Hübner, 1808) [Noctuidae] Pearly underwing moth Yes (CABI 2015; Kuang 1985) No records found No. Present on P. persica (CABI 2015). Adult females oviposit on the ground or on the leaves of weeds. Upon hatching, larvae feed on the leaves of hosts and fully grown larvae overwinter in the soil (Kuang 1985). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Phalera flavescens (Bremer & Grey, 1852) [Noctuidae] Cherry caterpillar Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Associated with leaves and stems of P. persica in China (AQSIQ 2006b; CIQSA 2001c). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Matsumura, 1931) [Gracillariidae] Apple leafminer Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Associated with leaves and stems of P. persica in China (AQSIQ 2006b; CIQSA 2001c). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Recurvaria syrictis Meyrick, 1925 [Gelechiidae] Yes (Cao & Guo 1987) No records found No. A pest of P. persica. Larvae feed on mesophyll tissue in leaves (Cao & Guo 1987). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Serrodes campana Guenée, 1852 [Noctuidae] Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, Qld (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). This species is listed as a declared organism (Prohibited (section 12)) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Adults pierce P. persica fruit and the larvae feed on leaves (Hattori 1969). Both larvae and adult noctuid moths are inactive during the day and hide amongst foliage or leaf litter. During the night, adults usually feed on overripe or fermenting fruit (Common 1990). Adults fly off from the fruit, once disturbed. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Setora postornata (Hampson, 1900) [Limacodidae] Brown cochild Yes (Fang et al. 2001) No records found No. P. persica listed as a host; larvae feed on the leaves (Ruiting et al. 2014). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Spilonota albicana (Motschulsky, 1866) Synonym: Spilonota prognathana (Sneller, 1883) [Tortricidae] White fruit moth Yes (AQSIQ 2006c) No records found Yes. Feeds on P. persica (Kondo & Miyahara 1930; Zhang & Qi 2013). Eggs are usually laid on underside of leaves but can be laid directly into plum fruit (Zhang & Qi 2013). The larvae bore directly into the fruit (Kondo & Miyahara 1930), most often at the calyx (Afonin et al. 2008). Yes. This species has a wide range of hosts including apple, pear, apricot, peach, and plum (Kondo & Miyahara 1930; Zhang & Li 2005). It is widespread across China, and is also present in Japan, Korea and Russia (Afonin et al. 2008; Ma 2006). Its host range and current distribution suggest that it could establish and spread in Australia. Yes. A pest of apple, pear, hawthorn, peach, plum, apricot and cherry (Afonin et al. 2008). Up to 85 per cent of an apple crop can be damaged by this pest (Afonin et al. 2008). Yes (EP)
Spilosoma subcarnea (Walker, 1855) [Arctiidae] Yes (Feng & Wang 2004) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Feng & Wang 2004). Larvae feed on leaves, in some cases only leaving the stem and veins of the leaf. Later instar larvae feed on the surface of fruit in addition to feeding on leaves (Feng & Wang 2004). Later instar larvae are easily detectable because they are large (approximately millimetres), colourful and hairy, and would be removed during harvest or packing procedures (Feng & Wang 2004). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Stathmopoda auriferella (Walker, 1864) Synonym: Stathmopoda crocophanes Meyrick, 1897 [Oecophoridae] Apple heliodinid Yes (Shanghai Insects Online 2014) Yes. SA, Tas., Vic., WA (CSIRO 2005; Plant Health Australia 2001) (as Stathmopoda crocophanes). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Synanthedon hector (Butler, 1878) Synonym: Conopia hector Butler, 1878 [Sesiidae] Cherry tree borer, Apple borer Yes (AQSIQ 2006c) No records found No. Serious pest of P. persica (Matsumoto, Nakamuta & Nakashima 2007). Larval sesiids are stem borers of fruit trees and shrubs and do not feed on the fruit (CABI 2015). The larvae of this species bore into the lower trunk of trees and feed on the cambium layer (Naka et al. 2008). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Telphusa chloroderces Meyrick, 1929 [Gelechiidae] Black star-spotted gelechid moth Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Associated with leaves and stems of P. persica (CIQSA 2001c). No report of association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Thosea sinensis (Walker, 1855) [Limacodidae] Coconut cup moth Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Associated with leaves and stems of P. persica (CIQSA 2001c). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Holochlora japonica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 [Tettigoniidae] Japanese broad winged katydid Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). May feed on the surface of fruit but would jump away when disturbed during harvesting. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Tarbinskiellus portentosus (Lichtenstein, 1796) [Gryllidae] Rice field cricket Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found No. Associated with P. persica (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). Adults and nymphs live in the soil and emerge at night. Feeds on seedlings and tender shoots of agricultural crops and nursery stock (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Thysanoptera Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom, 1895) [Thripidae] Eurasian flower thrips Yes (CABI 2015; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) No records found Yes. Principally a pest of flowers and strawberries, but is reported to cause damage to developing P. persica fruit (CABI 2015). It feeds and lays eggs in fruit (CABI 2015). Yes. Wide host range including cotton, peanuts, leafy vegetables, rice, sugarcane, sweet potato, capsicum, asparagus, strawberry, bean, pea, rose and tomato (CABI 2015; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997). Distributed over a range of environments across Asia including China, the Middle East, North America, Europe and New Zealand. Its host range and geographic range suggests potential for establishment and spread. Yes. Feeds on fruit and lays eggs in fruit reducing marketability. Can be a vector of economically important tospoviruses such as Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) (CABI 2015; Jones 2005; Wijkamp et al. 1995). Yes (EP)
Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) [Thripidae] Western flower thrips Yes (Lu et al. 2007) Yes. All states and ACT (Plant Health Australia 2001) but is absent from NT. Regulated for the NT (Northern Territory Government 2011). Yes. Pest of P. persica (CABI 2015). Affects the fruiting stages of its hosts feeding on, and laying eggs in the fruit (CABI 2015). It has been collected on nectarine fruit during harvest (Tommasini & Ceredi 2007). Yes. Wide host range and distributed worldwide. It has a limited distribution in Australia, indicating that suitable environments exist in Australia for this thrips to establish (CABI 2015; Davidson, Butler & Teulon 2006; Jones 2005). The high fecundity, short generation time, and capacity to reproduce by parthenogenesis suggests that minimal numbers are required for establishment of founding populations (Morse & Hoddle 2006). Under optimal conditions, thrips populations could potentially establish from a single female (Morse & Hoddle 2006). Yes. Direct damage through feeding and oviposition may scar leaf, flower, or fruit surfaces and/or deform plant growth (Dreistadt & Phillips 2007b). Leaves may become mottled, dwarfed and distorted with browned or wilted margins and may drop prematurely (Dreistadt & Phillips 2007b; Smith & Van Driesche 2003). This species is one of the most important greenhouse pests in the world and is also a major pest of some outdoor crops in warmer climates (CABI 2015). It is also an important vector of plant diseases (CABI 2015). Yes (EP, NT) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché, 1833) [Thripidae] Greenhouse thrips Yes (Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, 1919 [Thripidae] Yellow tea thrips, Chilli thrips, Strawberry thrips Yes (CABI & EPPO 2010) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld (Plant Health Australia 2001) and WA (Poole 2010). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Thrips flavus Schrank, 1776 [Thripidae] Eurasian yellow flower thrips, Honeysuckle thrips Yes (CABI 2015; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997; Liang et al. 2007) Yes. NSW (Plant Health Australia 2001) No. Pest of P. persica (Veer 1985). This thrips feeds on the lower surface of leaves and on floral parts and lays eggs in petals, the walls of the ovary in young fruit or on the lower surface of the leaves (Veer 1985). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1888 [Thripidae] Onion thrips Yes (AQSIQ 2006a; Li, Wang & Waterhouse 1997) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001; Poole 2010). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No BACTERIA Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall 1902 Synonym: Pseudomonas syringae f.sp.prunicola (Wormald) Dowson 1949 [Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae] Bacterial canker Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. All states and territories (Bradbury 1986; Plant Health Australia 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
CHROMALVEOLATA Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) Schröt. [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae] Yes (CIQSA 2001b) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Phytophthora cambivora (Petri) Buisman [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae] Yes (Bounous & Liu 1996) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No FUNGI Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. [Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae] Alternaria leaf blight Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze) Wiltshire [Pleosporales:Pleosporaceae] Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. All states (DAWA 2006; Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel [Agaricales: Physalacriaceae] Armillaria root rot Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) No records found No. Infects roots (Drake 1990). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Ascochyta pruni Kabát & Bubák [Pleosporales: Incertae sedis] Yes (Bai 2003) No records found No. Affects leaves (Bai 2003). No report of association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Ascochyta prunicola P.K. Chi [Pleosporales: Incertae sedis] Yes (Bai 2003) No records found No. Affects leaves (Bai 2003). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Aspergillus awamori Nakaz. [Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae] Yes (Zhuang 2005) No records found Yes. Most Aspergillus spp. are saprotrophs, but can also affect stored fruit, acting as opportunistic pathogens that grow on living tissues (CABI 2015; Huber 1930). Yes. Aspergillus spp. are rapidly growing filamentous fungi or moulds that are ubiquitous in the environment and are found worldwide. Aspergillus disperse easily and grow almost anywhere when food and water are available (Bennett 2010). They commonly grow in soil and moist locations and are among the most common moulds encountered on spoiled food and decaying vegetation, in compost piles and in stored hay and grain. Many other species of this genus are present in Australia (Plant Health Australia 2001). No. Aspergillus spp. are secondary invaders of fruits that have been damaged by insects, pathogens, environmental factors such as rain and wind (Somma, Perrone & Logrieco 2012). Many other species of this genus are present in Australia (Plant Health Australia 2001). Introduction of this species is unlikely to have significant economic effects. No
Aspergillus japonicus Saito [Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. NSW (Burrows 1976), Qld (Upsher & Upsher 1995). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Aspergillus japonicus is generally a postharvest pathogen and not known to occur in fruits of nectarine Al-Najada & Mohamed 2011; Kozakiewicz 2003; Varga et al. 2004). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Aspergillus niger Tiegh. [Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Aspergillus versicolor (Vuill.) Tirab. [Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. All states and territories (Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2013) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & De Not. Synonym: Fusicoccum aesculi Corda Grossenb. & Duggar [Botyosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. NSW, Qld, Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Botryosphaeria ribis Grossenb. & Duggar Synonym: Neofusicoccum ribis (Slippers, Crous & M. J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A. J. L. Phillips [Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, Vic, WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schwein.) Shoemaker Synonym: Physalospora obtusa (Schwein.) Cooke [Botyosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. All states and territories (Cunnington et al. 2007; Plant Health Australia 2001; Sampson & Walker 1982). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Botrytis cinerea Pers. Synonym: Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel [Heliotiales: Sclerotiniaceae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Camarosporium persicae Maubl. [Botryosphaeriales: Incertae sedis] Camarosporium canker Yes (Zhuang 2005) No records found No. Attacks trunks, branches and young shoots of P. persica (Homma 1927). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Cercospora rubrotincta Ellis & Everh. [Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) No records found No. Causes leaf spots on P. persica (Farr & Rossman 2014). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar [Russulales: Stereaceae] Silver leaf Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. NSW, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. De Vries [Capnodiales: Davidiellaceae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. All states and territories (DAWA 2006; Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds [Incertae sedis: Glomerellaceae] Anthracnose Yes (Farr & Rossman 2014) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld., SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. Synonym: Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk [Incertae sedis: Glomerellaceae] Anthracnose, bitter rot Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Coniothyrium nakatae Hara [Pleosporales: Leptosphaeriaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) No records found No. Coniothyrium spp. are common wood and soil inhabiting fungi (Damm et al. 2008). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. [Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae] Brown cubical rot Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and listed as a regulated pest in the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Wood decay pathogen that affects P. persica (CABI 2015). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. Synonym: Gibberella avenacea R.J. Cook [Hypocreales: Nectriaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Fusarium lateritium Nees Synonym: Gibberella baccata (Wallr.) Sacc. [Hypocreales: Nectriaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. [Hypocreales: Nectriaceae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001). An unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). There are known formae speciales of this species and more than 200 records of F. oxysporum formae specials in WA were found. Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Geotrichum candidum Link [Saccharomycetales: Dipodascaceae] Citrus sour rot Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Gloeodes pomigena (Schwein.) Colby [Phyllachorales: Phyllachoraceae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. NSW, Qld, Tas., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001; Sampson & Walker 1982; Shivas 1989; Simmonds 1966) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst. [Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) No records found No. Parasitic on wood (CABI 2015; Grand & Vernia 2005). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Irpex lacteus (Fr.) Fr. [Polyporales: Meruliaceae] Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. NSW (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Wood (Uyemoto, Ogawa & Jaffee 2001). Irpex lacteus is common on dead branches of hardwood trees (Ostry, Anderson & O'Brien 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill [Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae] Sulphur fungus Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. NSW, Qld (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. It is associated with a brown rot of wood, occurring in the roots, butt, or heartwood of living trees, but also decaying logs or trunks of trees that have died (Burdsall & Banik 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Synonym: Botryosphaeria rhodina (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx (1970) [Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae] Blister canker, Peach gummosis Yes (Farr & Rossman 2014) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Leptosphaeria yulan Sacc. [Pleosporales: Leptosphaeriaceae] Yes (Yu 1940) No records found No. Leaf spot disease affecting P. persica (NIAS 2009) and not associated with fruit (MAFF 2010). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Leptoxyphium fumago (Woron.) R.C. Srivast. Synonym: Caldariomyces fumago Woron.; Fumago vagans Pers. [Capnodiales: Capnodiaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, (Phillips 1994; Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Leptoxyphium fumago is a foliar pathogen and not associated with fruit (Tomoshevich & Banaev 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Leucotelium pruni-persicae (Hori) Tranzschel. [Pucciniales: Uropyxidaceae] White rust of peach Yes (Teng 1996) No records found No. Disease only occurs on leaves and is heteroecious with Semiaquilegia adoxoides plants being the alternate host (Kitajima & Sawamura 1995). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Monilia mumecola Y. Harada, Y. Sasaki & Sano [Helotiales; Sclerotiniaceae] Brown rot Yes (Hu et al. 2011) No records found Yes. This fungus causes brown rot of P. persica in China (Hu et al. 2011; Yin et al. 2013). Yes. Monilia mumecola causes brown rot of apricot, peach and nectarine (Hu et al. 2011; Yin et al. 2013). These hosts are widespread in Australia. It has been reported from Hubei in southern China and Japan. The climatic conditions in many parts of Australia are similar to these countries. Yes. Monilia mumecola causes brown rot of apricot, peach and nectarine which is an economically important disease (Hu et al. 2011; Yin et al. 2013). Yes
Monilinia fructigena Honey [Helotiales; Sclerotiniaceae] Brown rot Yes (AQSIQ 2006b, 2007b) No records found Yes. Causes brown rot of pome and stonefruits (Farr & Rossman 2014; Ogawa, Zehr & Biggs 1995). Yes. Monilinia fructigena can infect many fruit crops including apple, pear, plum, quince, peach, apricot, nectarine and hazel (Byrde & Willets 1977). These host plants are widely available in Australia. The spores of this fungus can be spread from one orchard to another through air (Byrde & Willets 1977; Jones 1990). Yes. Monilinia fructigena causes significant yield losses both before and after harvest. In Europe, losses of per cent were reported in individual orchards (Jones 1990). Yes (EP) Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhland) Honey [Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae] Blossom and twig rot, Gummosis, Brown rot, Fruit rot Yes (Feng & Wang 2004) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Monilinia yunnanensis M. J. Hu & C. X. Luo [Helotiales; Sclerotiniaceae] Brown rot Yes (Hu et al. 2011) No records found Yes. Causes brown rot of peach fruit and survives in mummified fruit (Hu et al. 2011). Yes. Monilinia yunnanensis has recently been reported from Yunnan and Liaoning in China (Hu et al. 2011). Suitable climatic conditions for spore germination would occur in many parts of Australia. Yes. Monilinia yunnanensis which causes brown rot of Prunus persica in China, is most closely related to M. fructigena, a species widely prevalent in Europe (Hu et al. 2011). Monilinia fructigena causes significant yield losses both before and after harvest with losses of 7–36 per cent being reported (Jones 1990). It is considered that M. yunnanensis will produce similar economic consequences. Yes Mucor circinelloides Tiegh. [Mucorales: Mucoraceae] Mucor fruit rot Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. Qld, Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and listed as a permitted organism (section 11) in the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Mucor racemosus Fresen. [Mucorales: Mucoraceae] Spongy storage rot Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. ACT, NSW, Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and listed as a permitted organism (section 11) in the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Mycosphaerella cerasella Aderh. Synonyms: Cercospora cerasella Sacc.; Cercospora circumscissa Sacc. [Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae] Shot hole Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Listed as a regulated pest in the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014).. No. Causes necrotic spots on leaves of P. persica that coalesce and drop out leaving shot-hole symptoms (Sztejnberg 1995). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Mycosphaerella pruni-persicae Deighton Synonym: Mycosphaerella persicae B.B. Higgins & F.A. Wolf [Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae] Frosty mildew of peach Yes (Tai 1979) No records found No. Affects leaves of P. persica (Zehr 1995b). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Phellinus pomaceus (Pers.) Maire Synonym: Phellinus tuberculosus Niemelä [Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae] Yes (Teng 1996) Yes. Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Phellinus pomaceus causes wood decay and rots (Uyemoto, Ogawa & Jaffee 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Phoma persicae Schulzer & Sacc. [Pleosporales, Incertae sedis] Yes (Farr & Rossman 2014; Tai 1979) Yes. Qld (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Phoma persicae causes shoot dieback in the peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). Disease was observed as chlorotic, wilted, or necrotic leaves on shoots girdled by the Phomopsis anamorph of Diaporthe pemiciosa Marchal (syn. Phoma persicae Schulzer & Sacc.) (Latham, & Campbell 1992). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Phoma pomorum Thüm. Synonyms: Phyllosticta persicae Sacc.; Phyllosticta prunicola Opiz ex Sacc. [Pleosporales:Incertae sedis] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b; Tai 1979) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. Synonym: Ovulariopsis moricola Delarc. [Erisyphales: Erysiphaceae] Powdery mildew Yes (Zhuang 2005) No records found No. Affects leaves and stems of P. persica (Farr & Rossman 2014). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S. Salmon Synonym: Oidium mespili Cooke [Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae] Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.) de Bary Synonym: Oidium leucoconium Desm. [Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae] Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Podosphaera tridactyla (Wallr.) de Bary [Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae] Plum powdery mildew Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). Listed as a regulated pest (prohibited (section 12)) in the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). Yes. Fruit and leaves of P. persica can both be infected (Grove 1995). Yes. Hosts include almond, cherry, peach and plum (Farr et al. 1989). These plants are widely distributed in Western Australia. Powdery mildews generally grow and spread well in warmer climates. The fungus overwinters as cleistothecia on the surface of shoots, on dead leaves on the ground in orchards and on bark. Ascospores are produced from these structures during spring rains and infect the developing foliage (Grove 1995). Climatic conditions in Western Australia are favourable for the establishment of P. tridactyla, given that other closely related powdery mildews are already established in Western Australia. Assessment not required. It was assessed as unlikely to have potential for economic consequences in the IRA for summerfruit from eastern Australia into WA (Poole et al. 2011) as the requirement for management measures to control the more severe powdery mildew pathogens (Sphaerotheca pannosa and Podosphaera clandestine) present in WA. No
Schizophyllum commune Fr. [Agaricales: Schizophyllaceae] Yes (Dai 2005) Yes. NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Schizothyrium pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Arx Synonym: Leptothyrium pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Sacc. [Capnodiales: Schizothyriaceae] Fly speck Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. NSW, Qld, WA (Plant Health Australia 2001; Simmonds 1966). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary [Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae] Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. [Atheliales: Atheliaceae] Sclerotium stem rot Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Septobasidium bogoriense Pat. [Septobasidiales: Septobasidiaceae] Velvet blight Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. NT, Qld (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Generally it is a felt fungus and associated with branch (Cao & Wang 1989). Commonly found in mango and tea (Pernezny & Simone 2000). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Septobasidium tanakae Miyabe, Boedijn & B.A. Steinm. [Septobasidiales: Septobasidiaceae] Felty fungus Yes (Tai 1979) No records found No. Septobasidium spp. are epiphytic on trees, usually on stems and branches, and associated with scale insects which they parasitise (Lepp 2006; McRitchie 1991). No report of association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Skeletocutis nivea (Jungh.) Jean Keller [Polyporales: Polyporaceae] Yes (Farr & Rossman 2014) No records found No. On dead hardwoods causing white rots (Farr & Rossman 2014). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Ellis [Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. ACT, NSW, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul. [Taphrinales: Taphrinaceae] Peach leaf curl Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank) Donk Synonym: Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kühn [Cantharellales: Ceratobasidiaceae] Thread blight Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. All states and territories (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Trametes gallica var. trogii Berk Pilát [Polyporales: Polyporaceae] Yes (Tai 1979) No records found No. On deciduous trees, especially stumps of Salix and Populus (Zhao & Zhang 1992). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd [Polyporales: Polyporaceae] Yes (Teng 1996) Yes. NSW, Qld, Tas., Vic., WA (ALA 2014; Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd [Polyporales: Polyporaceae] Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (ALA 2014; Plant Health Australia 2001) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link [Hyphocreales: Incertae sedis] Pink mould rot Yes (Tai 1979) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Valsa ambiens (Pers.) Fr. Synonym: Cytospora leucosperma (Pers.) Fr. [Diaporthales: Valsaceae] Valsa canker Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. NSW, SA, Tas., Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). An unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Valsa ambiens is a wood decomposing fungus (Kovacs 2001). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Valsa ceratosperma (Tode) Maire Synonym: Cytospora sacculus (Schwein. : Fr.) Gvrit [Diaporthales: Valsaceae] Yes (Zhuang 2005) Yes. ACT, NSW, Tas. (Plant Health Australia 2001). No. Causes cankers on trunk, branches and twigs (EPPO 2004; Zhuang 2005). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Valsa persoonii Nitschke 1870 Synonyms: Cytospora leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc.; Leucostoma persoonii (Nitschke) Höhn. [Diaporthales: Valsaceae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. NSW, SA, Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). Listed as a declared organism (Prohibited (section 12)) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Associated with branches of P. persica (AQSIQ 2006b). No report of an association with nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Venturia carpophila E.E.Fisher Synonyms: Fusicladium carpophilum (Thüm.) Oudem.; Cladosporium carpophilum Thüm [Pleosporales: Venturiaceae] Yes (AQSIQ 2006b) Yes. ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001). Listed as a permitted organism (section 11) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No VIRUSES Apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus [Flexiviridae: Trichovirus] ACLSV Yes (Brunt et al. 1996; Zhou et al. 1996). Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Constable, Joyce & Rodoni 2007; Letham 1995; Washington & Nancarrow 1983). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Apple mosaic ilarvirus Synonyms: Dutch plum line pattern virus; European plum line pattern virus, Hop A virus [Bromoviridae: Ilarvirus] Apple mosaic (ApMV) Yes (Diekmann & Putter 1996; Zhou et al. 1996) Yes. Qld, SA, Vic., WA (Constable, Joyce & Rodoni 2007). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Apple stem pitting virus [Flexiviridae: Foveavirus] ASPV Yes (Brunt et al. 1996). Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Constable, Joyce & Rodoni 2007). Listed as a declared organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014).. However, it was not regulated in WA’s policy for Summerfruit from eastern states (Poole et al. 2011). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus [Betaflexiviridae: Trichovirus] APCLSV Yes (Niu et al. 2012) Yes. Vic. (Liberti et al. 2005). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. APCLSV has been isolated from leaf sample of several prunus species (Liberti et al. 2005; Safarova et al. 2012). The transmission and vector of the virus are not elucidated elsewhere (EPPO 2006). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Cherry green ring mottle virus [Flexiviridae: Foveavirus] CGRMV Yes (Zhou et al. 2011) Yes (Diekmann and Putter 1996). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013) and an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). No. Transmitted by budding and grafting, or by the bud mite Eriophyes inaequalis, which does not feed on fruit (Adaskaveg & Caprile 2014) Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Cherry rasp leaf virus [Comoviridae: Nepovirus] CRLV Yes (ICTVdB Management 2014) No. It was listed as present in Australia (ICTVdB Management 2002). However these specimens are believed to be based on symptoms that may have been caused by other viruses et al. 1988). There is doubt that this virus is correctly reported from Australia and the Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources considers it absent. No. Associated with P. persica (CABI 2015). While it can be isolated from the sap of trees, there is no report that it has been isolated from fruit. Transmitted only by its nematode vector or by mechanical inoculation (CABI & EPPO 1997c). Assessment not required Assessment not required No Cherry virus A [Flexiviridae: Capillovirus] CVA Yes (Rao, Zhang & Li 2009) No records found No. Affects P. persica (Barone & Alioto 2006; et al. 2005) and is (Brunt et al. 1996; et al. 2005). No report of an association with mature nectarine or peach fruit was found. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Cucumber mosaic virus [Bromoviridae: Fabavirus] Yes (CABI & EPPO 2002; Tan, Li & Du 2010) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (CABI & EPPO 2002) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Little cherry virus [Closteroviridae: Closterovirus] LChV1, LChV2 Yes (AQSIQ 2006d, c) No. Little cherry virus 2 is present in NSW, Tas., Vic. (IPPC 2015). However, little cherry virus 1 has not been reported in Australia. No. Associated with P. persica (CABI 2015). Little cherry virus is transmitted by budding and grafting (CABI 2015; Diekmann & Putter 1996) and is also spread from tree to tree by the apple mealy bug Phenacoccus aceris (MAL 2006; Raine, McMullen & Forbes 1986). There are no reports that little cherry viruses have been isolated from nectarine or peach fruit. Assessment not required Assessment not required No Plum bark necrosis stem virus [Closteroviridae: Ampelovirus] PBNSP Yes (Cui et al. 2011) No records found No. PBNSP causes trunk gummosis and/or stem pitting in P. persica (Cui et al. 2011). It is not known to be transmitted by seeds. Infected propagated material is considered the primary source of infection (Boscia, Myrta & Uyemoto 2011). Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Plum pox virus [Potyviridae: Virus] PPV Yes (Navratil et al. 2005) No records found Yes. Infects P. persica (Adams 1995). PPV can be isolated from fruit and seed. There have been reports of aphids being able to transmit the virus from infected fruit (Gildow et al. 2004). Important method of spread is via diseased plant material (Adams 1995). Yes. Considerable spread can occur from new disease foci before infections are recognised (Adams 1995). Plum pox virus is extremely difficult to eradicate once established. Affects all Prunus spp. in a variety of environments similar to Australia. The virus is transmitted by grafting. It is also transmitted by two main aphid vectors Aphis spiraecola and Myzus persicae. Other aphids able to transmit the virus are: Aphis craccivora, A. fabae, Brachycaudus cardui, B. helychrysi, B. persicae, Hyalopterus pruni, Myzus varians, Phorodon humuli (CABI & EPPO 2007; Gildow et al. 2004), A. gossypii, Rhopalosiphum padi and A. hederae (Labonne et al. 1995). Yes. Plum pox arrival in Australia would see the loss of overseas and potentially new markets. PPV reduces the value and marketability of many apricot and some other Prunus spp. cultivars that have been naturally infected. Some are latently infected and act as a reservoir for continued infection cycles. There is a high cost in living with PPV through testing, eradication, and breeding resistant cultivars such as in Europe and USA. Yes (EP)
Prune dwarf virus Synonyms: Prune dwarf ilarvirus, cherry chlorotic ringspot virus, peach stunt virus, sour cherry yellows virus [Bromoviridae: Ilarvirus] Prune dwarf Yes (Zhou et al. 1996) Yes. NSW, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (ICTVdB Management 2002; Johnstone et al. 1995; McLean & Price 1984; Smith, Stubbs & Challen 1977) Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No Prunus necrotic ringspot virus Synonyms: European plum line pattern virus, Hop B virus, Hop C virus, Peach ringspot virus, Plum line pattern virus, Prunus ringspot virus [Bromoviridae: Ilarvirus] PNRSV Yes (Kulshrestha et al. 2005; Zhou et al. 1996) Yes. NSW, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (CABI 2015; Cook & Dubé 1989; McLean & Price 1984; Munro 1987; Smith, Stubbs & Challen 1977). There are recognised strains of this virus (Brunt et al. 1996). An unlisted organism (section 14) under the Western Australian BAM Act 2007 (Government of Western Australia 2014). Assessment not required Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Tobacco necrosis viruses (Tobacco necrosis virus A, Tobacco necrosis virus D) [Tombusviridae: Necrovirus] TNV Yes (Huang et al. 1984; Xi et al. 2008) Yes. Vic., Qld (Finlay & Teakle 1969; Teakle 1988). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Tobacco necrosis virus A listed as a declared organism (Prohibited (section 12)) and Tobacco necrosis virus D is an unlisted organism under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). However, Tobacco necrosis viruses were not regulated in WA’s policy for summerfruit from eastern Australian states to WA (Poole et al. 2011). Yes. Rarely associated with peach and symptomless in fruit trees (NCPN-FT 2014). Virus particles released from plant debris and acquired in soil by zoospores of chytrid fungi (Olpidium spp.) may be transmitted to suitable hosts (CABI 2015; Spence 2001; Uyemoto 1981). Necroviruses may also be transmitted in soil water without a vector (Lommel et al. 2005). Yes. Tobacco necrosis virus strains are established in Australia (Teakle 1988). TNVs infect common vegetable crop plants, ornamental plants and tree species (Brunt et al. 1996; CABI 2015; Zitikaite & Staniulis 2009). TNVs are transmitted by Olpidium spp. (Rochon et al. 2004; Sasaya & Koganezawa 2006) and these vectors occur in Australia (Maccarone et al. 2008; McDougall 2006). Yes. Tobacco necrosis viruses cause rusty root disease of carrot, Augusta disease of tulip, stipple streak disease of common bean, necrosis diseases of cabbage, cucumber, soybean and zucchini and ABC disease of potato (Smith et al. 1988; Uyemoto 1981; Xi et al. 2008; Zitikaite & Staniulis 2009). Yes (EP)
Tobacco ringspot virus [Comoviridae: Nepovirus] TRSV Yes (CABI 2015) Yes. Qld, SA (Brunt et al. 1996; McLean & Price 1984; Randles & Francki 1965; Reynolds & Teakle 1976). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Not considered to be present in WA (DAFWA 2013). An unlisted organisms (section 14) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). Yes. This virus is associated with embryonic tissue of the seed of its host plants. Some seed transmission probably occurs in most hosts 1985). Assessment not required. This virus was not assessed, as it may be seedborne in capsicum seed 1985) for planting that is permitted entry into Western Australia. Assessment not required No Tomato ringspot virus Synonyms: Peach yellow bud mosaic virus, Prune brown line, Prunus stem pitting [Comoviridae: Nepovirus] ToRSV Yes (Zhang & Huang 1990) No. Eradicated (CABI 2015; IPPC 2013) No. This virus is in several weed hosts (Gonsalves 1995). However, no report of seed transmission in Prunus spp. or evidence of infection of P. persica or other summerfruit in China can be found. Therefore, it is not considered to be associated with the summerfruit pathway from China. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
VIROIDS Apple scar skin viroid [Pospiviroidae: Apscaviroid] ASSVd Yes (Han et al. 2003; Kaponi et al. 2010; Zhao & Niu 2008a). No records found Yes. Recorded from P. persica trees in China (Kaponi et al. 2010; Zhao & Niu 2008a; Zhao & Niu 2008b). A recent study suggested Apple scar skin viroid can be transmitted from infected apple seeds to the seedlings germinated from these seeds, with a 7.7 percent transmission rate (Kim et al. 2006). No seed transmission of ASSVd on stonefruit was reported. Yes. Apple scar skin viroid has spread in a number of Asian countries, Europe and North America. This viroid can be found in the fruit pulp of apples and pears including apple seeds (Hadidi et al. 1991; Han et al. 2003; Hurtt & Podleckis 1995; Koganezawa et al. 2003). Transmission of Apple scar skin viroid is by grafting and contaminated pruning equipment (Grove et al. 2003; Kim et al. 2006). Yes. Apple scar skin disease has been a very destructive disease in Korea (Kim et al. 2006). In China, in the 1950’s, some counties of Shanxi, Hebei and Shanxi provinces, more than 50 per cent of the apple trees were affected with this viroid (Han et al. 2003). Yes (EP)
Hop stunt viroid Synonym: Peach dapple viroid [Pospiviroidae: Hostuviroid] HSVd Yes (Guo et al. 2008; Yang et al. 2006; Zhou et al. 2006b; Zhou et al. 2006c). Yes. SA, Vic. (Koltunow, Krake & Rezaian 1988). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Listed as a declared organism (Prohibited) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). It was not regulated in WA’s policy for summerfruit from eastern Australian states to WA (Poole et al. 2011). No. HSVd has been demonstrated to be seed transmitted in grapevines (Wan Chow Wah and Symons 1999), but not in any other species. Assessment not required Assessment not required No
Peach latent mosaic viroid [Avsunviroidae: Pelamoviroid] PLMVd Yes (Hadidi et al. 1997; Turturo et al. 1998) Yes. SA (di Serio et al. 1999). Not a regulated pest for Tas. (DPIPWE 2013). Listed as a declared organism (Prohibited) under the Western Australia BAM Act 2007(Government of Western Australia 2014). However, it was not regulated in WA’s policy for summerfruit from eastern Australian states to WA (Poole et al. 2011). No. Viroid particles have been detected in fruit. However, there are no records of disease transmission from fruit including seed (Poole, Woods & Tuten 2009). It was assessed as unlikely to be on pathway in WA’s policy for summerfruit from eastern Australian states to WA (Poole et al. 2011). Assessment not required Assessment not required No