APPENDIX C: Examples of Hazards and Controls Hazard Engineering Substitution Administrative PPE What to Look For Physical: impact striking energized equipment noise pinch points manipulation of large objects vibration, working at heights hot work (UV light) housekeeping. (Trenching/Excavation) Ionizing Radiation Non-ionizing Radiation (i.e., ultraviolet) Heat Stress/Cold Stress Lasers Water Lighting(illumination) Ergonomics Fire Patient transfer Broken glass Compressed gases Burns (welding) Change the way the work is done. Lifting assistance Keep things clean and uncluttered Exhaust ventilation Sloping/Benching Protection methods such as isolation, emergency stops, double hand starts, guarding, and cages Shielding materials Use different tools. Mechanize process Lock-Out/Tag-Out Create standard operating procedures Hearing Conservation Hot Work Permit Fall Protection Radiation badges Electrical Safety Program Do not wear loose clothing and tie hair back Monitoring Proper body position Attend safety training Follow safe work practices Use safety glasses, tinted goggles, insulated gloves, hearing protection, fall protection, safety boots, and hard hat. Lead aprons, leather gauntlets, welding helmets, gloves. Correct tools. Sources of motion that could result in being hit by objects such as falling objects Moving machinery such as grinders, drilling machines, engines, motors, pumps, etc.) Sources of sharp objects, moving machinery, or points that could pierce, catch, or pinch the body Electrical Hazards such as exposed wiring or switches, exposed receptacles, power boxes, damaged tool wiring, etc. Improper grounding Work requiring energized electrical components Pressurized equipment (i.e., boilers, pots, tanks, piping, hosing, etc.) Material handling equipment components (i.e., hoists, lifts, pneumatics, etc.) Inadequate clearance Elevated work areas over four feet Sources of high or low temperature that could result in burns, heat stress, hypothermia or frost bite Sources of electromagnetic radiation such as UV welding emissions, germicidal lamps, lasers, microwaves, and magnets Ionizing sources such as X-rays Sources of sudden release (either physical or electrically) that could harm. Uneven surfaces, slippery surfaces and outside ground conditions Look for water depth and potential for falling into water resistive
Hazard Engineering Substitution Administrative PPE What to Look For Chemical: Liquids, solids, gases, dusts, vapors, and mists comprised of organic or inorganic species. Building materials such as asbestos or lead Toxic Materials Controlled Substances Cleaning agents Chemotherapy drugs Cryogenic liquids Local ventilation (i.e., fume hood) Change process so chemical is not used. Substitute a less hazardous chemical in process. Respirator Protection Personal Monitoring Attend safety training Safety stations Safety glasses, chemical clothing/aprons, chemical resistive sleeves, gloves, and respirators Lab coats for minimal hazards Chemical emissions such as smoke, gas, dusts, vapors that are not controlled Sudden unforeseen spills or releases Welding smoke Pass spill evidence Damaged building materials Low potential of splashing versus high potential of splashing Working with low hazard chemicals versus highly toxic chemicals Working with large amounts of chemicals (> 1 liter) Hazardous storage or materials including wastes Biological: infectious agent’s blood-borne pathogens DNA/RNA work. Biological safety cabinets. Contamination procedures. Proper design of work area. Change process so agent or pathogen does not have to be used. Center of Disease protocols Proper work practices Attend safety training Safety stations Safety glasses, mask, gloves, proper clean-up supplies and disposal. Safety glasses, mask, gloves, proper clean-up supplies and disposal. wash