6. KEY ACHIEVEMENTS “Almost every house is located close to a bigger street. There are shops on the ground floor or cafes. There are quite a lot of cafes close to here and it is easy to get to the park.” - Male Resident Living in Hammarby This section reviews the key achievements of the Hammarby Sjöstad project. The key achievements fall in the following areas: soil remediation, urban form, transportation, green buildings, energy, waste management, and water efficiency. Each of these key achievements exemplifies one or more of the 12 Guidelines. For each key achievement, we will go over: Goal: The initial goals for these program areas largely originated from Hammarby’s early development plans and environmental goals. Financing: For each area, the investment, responsibilities, payback period, and risk level are defined where possible for all parties involved including the City, investors, and technology providers. Implementation: This sub-section describes the technical development of each key achievement area. Achievements: The project outcomes are discussed in this section including how they relate to the 12 Green Guidelines. The table below summarizes the goals, financial mechanisms, implementation processes, and achievements for each of Hammarby Sjöstad’s key achievements covered in this section. Table 1. Overview of Key Achievements Topic Goals Financing Implementation Achievements Soil remediation Areas of contaminated soil will be sanitized prior to development, to such an extent that they no longer represent a risk to either public health or the environment. PPP Financed by the City and the developers. The City had full responsibility for sanitizing the land in the area, although developers cooperated to to buy the land at a lower cost. All contaminated soil has been sanitized. Urban Form 100% of all developed land will be recreated within, and adapted to, the district. The City owned the land. Developers had to buy their plot of land. The Project Team decided upon the district’s urban form and set up design guidelines for the area. Hammarby is a successful example of infill development. It also employs mixed-use, transit-oriented development, small blocks, and high levels of public space to create a highly sustainable and livable environment. Transportation 80% of all commuters will use public transport The City of Stockholm financed Transport-oriented development was used Inquiries among the residents of Hammarby
(bus, ferry boat, or light rail) or cycling or walking. the expansion of the tram line through tax and ticket revenues. to reduce The tram line was fully developed before the residents moved in, so they used public transportation instead of private cars. Sjöstad performed in 2007 shows that 79% of all commuters walk, cycle, or use public transport (Pandis & Brandt, 2011). Green Buildings Materials: healthy, dry, and environmentally sound. Financed by developers, some developers faced high operational costs after completion. Building directives from the City put pressure on the developers in to use environmental friendly materials. The total environmental impact for buildings, building plots and zones has fallen by ca. 32-39% for air, soil, and water emissions in comparison with standard buildings. Energy The total requirement of supplied energy is not to exceed 60 kWh/m2 of which electricity is not to exceed 20 kWh/m2 and the total being the sum of all residential energy consumption that includes energy from solar cells/collectors. Financed with a PPP after 2002. 1997: Stockholm Energi, owned by the municipality. 2002: Fortum took over. Today the municipality owns 9.9 % of Fortum Heat but still has substantial influence. The goal was not fully achieved, but the resulting 118 kWh/m2 is still better than 150 kWh/m2 as the benchmark for construction at the time. Waste Management Waste is to be sorted in with material and energy recycling maximized wherever possible. Residual waste will be reduced by 60% as a result. The total amount of generated waste should be reduced by 20%. Waste collection traffic in the area should be reduced. The waste vacuum system was financed and built by the developers however the construction process was coordinated by the City government like all the other utilities. Property associations maintain the vacuum system. 90% of the local waste collection traffic has been eliminated thanks to the vacuum waste system. Valuable waste storage space indoors and outside of the buildings has been freed up for other uses (Envac, 2015). Water Efficiency Water consumption will be reduced by 60% compared with the average consumption in new housing in the inner city area. All storm water needs to be treated locally. Connecting newly built properties to the existing water grid was financed by the developers. Stockholm Vatten is responsible for the water and storm water in the area. 100% of water is recycled. All storm water is managed locally and is to be purified before release. 60% reduction of water consumption/person.