Sixty first Amendment 1989 Reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years for the LS as well as Assemblies. Sixty first Amendment 1989 Also extended reservation of seats for SC/ ST till 2000 AD. Seventy first Amendment 1992 Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were included in the VIII Schedule. Seventy third Amendment 1993 (Panchayati Raj Bill) provided among other things Gram Samba in villages, constitution of panchayats at the village and other levels direct elections to all seats in panchayats and reservation of seats for the SC and ST fixing of tenure of 5 years for panchayats. Seventy fourth Amendment 1993 (Nagarpalika bill) provides for, among other things, Constitution of three types of municipalities, reservation of seats in very municipality for the SC and ST, women and the backward classes. Eighty second Amendment 2000 Reinstaled the provision of reservation of SC and Sets in matters related to promotion. Besides, the qualifying marks for passing an examination for them has also been lowered. Eighty fourth Amendment 2001 Extended freeze on Lok Samba and state assembly seats till 2026. Eighty sixth Amendment 2002 Makes education a fundamental right for children in the age group of 6 - 14 years. Eighty seventh Amendment 2003 Made the 2001 census the basis for delimitation of constituencies of the Lower House of Parliament (Lok Sabha) and State assemblies (Vidhan Sabhas) Ninety first Amendment 2003 Amended the Anti - Defection Law and also made a provision that the number of ministers in the Central & State Govts. Cannot be more than 15% of the strength of Lok Sabha & respected Vidhan Sabha. Ninety second Amendment 2003 Bodo, Maithili, Santhali and Added into the VIII Schedule. Presidents of India President Names Tenure Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) 26 Jan, 1950-13 may,1962 Dr. S.Radhakrishnan (1888-19750) 13may,1962-13 may,1967 Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) 13 may,1967-3 may,1969 Sri V.V. Giri (1894-1980) 24 Aug,1969-24 Aug,1974 Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905-1977) 24 Aug, 1974-11 Feb, 1977
Punjab Giddha (women), Bhangra (men) J & K Rauf, Hikat Himachal Pradesh Jhora, Jhali, Dangli, Mahasu, Jadda, Jhainta, Chharhi Haryana Jhumar, Ras Leela, Phag dance, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khoria, Gagor Gujarat Garba, Dandiya Rass, Tippani, Gomph Rajasthan Ginad, Chakri, Gangore, Terahtaal, Khayal, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini Bihar Jata Jatin, Jadur, Chhau, Kathaputli, Bakho, Jhijhiya, Samochakwa, Karma, Jatra, Natna Uttar Pradesh Nautanki, Thora, Chappeli, Raslila, Kajri. Minerals and their Significance to a Human Body Mineral Elements Sources Significance Effects of deficiency Macro Elements Calcium(Ca)# Milk, cereals, Cheese, Green Vegetables. Required for formation of teeth and Bones , blood clotting, function of nerves and muscles Weak theeth and bones ; retarded body growth. Phosphorus(P) Weak theeth and bones ; retarded body growth and physiology. Sulphur(S) Many protiens of food. Component of many amino acids. Distributed protein metabolism. Pottassium(K) Meat, milk, cereals,fruits and vegetables. Required for acid-base balance, water regulation nad function of nerevs.. Low blood pressure, weak muscles; risk of paralysis.. Chlorine(Cl) Table salt Required for acid base balance; component of gastric juice. Loss of appetite; muscles cramps Magnesium(Mg) Cereals, green vegetables. Cofactor of many enzymes of glycolysis anda number of another metabolic reactions dependent upon ATP Irregularties of metabolism principally affecting nervous functions. Iron(Fe) Meat, eggs , cereals, green vegetables. Component of haemoglobin and cytochromes. Anaemia, weakness and weak immunity. Iodine(I) Milk, cheese, sea food, important component of Goitre, Cretinism
iodized salt thyroxine hormone Micro Elements Fluorine(F) Drinking water, tea , sea food Maintence of bones and teeth. Weak theeth, larger amount causes motting of teeth. Zinc(Zn) Cereals, Milk, eggs, meat, sea food Cofactor of digestive and many other enzymes Retarded growth, anaemia, rough skin, weak immunity and fertility Copper(Cu) Meat, dry fruits , POds , Green vegetables, sea food Cofactor of cytochrome oxidase enzyme.Necessary for iron metabolism and development of blood vessels and connective tissues Anaemia,weak blood vessels and connective tissues Manganese(MN) Dry fruits, cereals,tea fruits and green vegetables Cofactor of some enzymes of urea synthesis and transfer of phosphate group Irregular growth of bones, cartilages and connective tissues Cobalt(Co) MIlk, cheese, meat Important component of vitamin B12 Anaemia Selenium(SE) Meat, cereals, sea food Cofactor of many enzymes; assists vitamin E Muscular pain; weakness of cardiac muscles Chromium(CR) Yeast, sea food, meat, some vegetables Important for catabolic metabolism Irregularities of catabolic meatbolism and ATP production Molybdenum(MO) Cereals, pods, some vegetables Cofactor of some enzymes Irregular excreation of nitrogenous waste products Vitamin Chemical Name Properties Deficiency disease A Retinol General health giving vitamin, can be stored liver Night blindness B1 Thiamine For Growth, carbohydrate metabolism, functioning of heart Beri-Beri B2 Riboflavin For Keeping skin and Cheilosis