Fact Sheet: Artificial Turf Fields: Health Questions CT Department of Public Health, 2007 Artificial Turf Pitches – An Assessment of the Health Risks for Football Players Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the , 2006 Evaluation of Health Effects of Recycled Waste Tires in Playground and Track Products CIWMB, OEHHA, 2007 Examination of Crumb Rubber Produced from Recycled Tires The Agricultural Experiment Station, 2007 Exposures to Recycled Tire Rubber Crumbs Used on Synthetic Turf Fields, Playgrounds and as Gardening Mulch Environment & Human Health, Inc (non-profit organization), 2007 Measurement of Air Pollution in Indoor Artificial Turf Halls Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, 2005 Evaluation of the Environmental Effects of Synthetic Turf Athletic Fields Milone & MacBroom, Engineering firm, 2008, S.G. Bristol, V.C. McDermott Environmental and Health Assessment of the use of Elastomer Granulates (Virgin and from Used Tyres) as Filling in Third-ration Artificial Turf FieldTurf Tarkett, Aliapur, EEDEMS, ADEME, 2007, R. Moretto
Preliminary Assessment of the Toxicity from Exposure to Crumb Rubber: Its use in Playgrounds and Artificial Turf Playing Fields NJ Department of Environmental Protection, 2007, T. Ledoux Review of the Human Health and Ecological Safety of Exposure to Recycled Tire Rubber found at Playgrounds and Synthetic Turf Fields Rubber Manufacturers Association, 2008, ChemRisk, Inc Synthetic Turf From A Chemical Perspective Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate, 2006 A Study to Assess Environmental Impacts from the Use of Crumb Rubber as Infill Material in Synthetic Turf Fields NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, 2008 Emission Characteristics of VOCs from Athletic Track Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1999, Volume 70, Issues 1-2, Chag, Feng-Hsiang 4.0 This section will include studies pertaining to ecotoxicological issues, concerns regarding carcinogens, mutagens, endocrine disruptors and other substances known for their adverse effects on human health. The examination of indoor air where recycled rubber surfaces were present by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health determined that the presence of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) does not increase the risk of cancer in individuals exposed to it. These findings agree with a 2007 report from the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), which analyzed the absorption of aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium and zinc traces in crumb rubber and concluded that serious non-cancer health effects are not expected following a one-time ingestion of the material. The study further concluded very low environmental toxicity from surface runoff upon examining the soil and groundwater adjacent to crumb rubber surfaces, pointing out that previous studies produced the leachate in a laboratory setting, wherefore it may have been more concentrated than naturally occurring runoff, although various laboratory studies, such as the 1999 experiment performed by the Chelsea Center, also
Environmental Risk Assessment of Artificial Turf Systems Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 2005 Evaluation of Health Effects of Recycled Waste Tires in Playground and Track Products CIWMB, OEHHA, 2007 Exposures to Recycled Tire Rubber Crumbs Used on Synthetic Turf Fields, Playgrounds and as Gardening Mulch Environment & Human Health, Inc (non-profit organization), 2007 Field Study of Shredded Tire Embankment of Transportation, 2004 Water-Quality Effects of Tire Shreds Placed Above the Water Table: Five Year Field Study Transportation Research Record, Vol 1714/2000, Jan 24, 2007, D. Humphrey, L.E. Katz Foliar Accumulation of Zinc in Tree Species Grown in Hardwood Bark Media Amended with Crumb Rubber Journal of Plant Nutrition Jul2003, Vol 26 Issue 7, p1413 13p, E. Bush, A. Owings, K. Leader Environmental and Health Assessment of the use of Elastomer Granulates (Virgin and from Used Tyres) as Filling in Third-ration Artificial Turf FieldTurf Tarkett, Aliapur, EEDEMS, ADEME, 2007, R. Moretto Review of the Human Health and Ecological Safety of Exposure to Recycled Tire Rubber found at Playgrounds and Synthetic Turf Fields Rubber Manufacturers Association, 2008, ChemRisk, Inc