Note that a is used with these verbs to replace expressions when the object of the prepostion de is a person rather than a thing. placement Placement of en is the same as and pronoun objects. En precedes the verb it refers to, except in the affirmative imperative. In compound tenses (such as the passé composé), it precedes the auxiliary verb. Note that there is no agreement between en and the past participle, since en does not replace a direct object. When en is used with il y a ('there is, there are'), it comes between y and a: Du pain sur la table? Il y en a (Some bread on the table? There is some there.) Top of Form
Remember that in the affirmative imperative, me and te become moi and toi. negation In simple tenses, like the present, future, imperfect, and passé simple, the object pronouns are placed between the ne and the verb. In compound tenses, like the passé composé, the plus-que-parfait etc., the object pronouns are placed between the ne and the auxiliary verb. Top of Form
Bottom of Form F-The Imperative The Imperative Mood The imperative, (l'impératif in French) is used to give commands, orders, or express wishes, like 'Stop!', 'Listen!' You may recognize the imperative from commands such as 'Ecoutez' or 'Répétez'. It is one of four in the French language. Unlike the other moods, the imperative is not divided into tenses. Keep in mind that the imperative is a very direct way to give an order. It is often replaced with more polite alternatives like the . formation There are three forms of the imperative: tu, nous and vous. For all verbs, the imperative is formed by taking the corresponding forms of the , but without subject pronouns. The lack of a subject pronoun is what identifies the imperative mood.
I-Relative Pronouns 1-Relative Pronouns Que and Qui Relative Pronouns Que and Qui forms and uses A relative pronoun introduces a clause that explains or describes a previously mentioned noun, which is called the antecedent. Relative pronouns are used to link two related ideas into a single sentence, thereby avoiding repetition. In the above example, the relative pronoun qui introduces the subordinate clause, that is, the clause that adds additional information about the novel. In French there are two main relative pronouns, qui and que. The choice between qui and que in French depends solely on the grammatical role, subject or direct object, that the relative pronoun plays in the subordinate clause. • qui Qui functions as the subject of the subordinate clause. • que Que functions as the direct object of the subordinate clause. Remember that que becomes qu' before a word beginning with a vowel.
Remember! If the subject DOES not change, use the infinitive of the verb! Ex. JE veux que TU boives de l’eau subject change Vs. JE veux boire de l’eau. no subject change Mettez les verbes suivants au subjonctif, au présent de l’indicatif, ou à l’infinitif. 1-Robert me dit qu’il ______________ (venir) de Paris. Pourtant, il a un accent du sud. 2-Nous sommes furieux de_____________________ (recevoir) la mauvaise nouvelle. 3-Madame LaPropre veut que ses enfants _________________ (faire) le ménage deux fois par semaine. 4-Quand les étudiants parlent au professeur, il faut qu’ils ________________ (être) polis.
5-Il faut que l’université __________________ (interdire) le gaspillage sur le campus. 6-Il vaut mieux ne pas _______________________ (gaspiller). 7-Il ne faut pas ________________ (avoir) sommeil le jour de l’examen. 8-Il est essentiel que tu _________________ (boire) du vin quand tu seras en France ! Review Packet Number 2 A-The Comparative and Superlative comparative of adverbs: indicating more, less, or equality Plus + adverb + que conveys the idea of 'more ... than', moins + adverb + que the idea of 'less ... than'. Aussi + adverb + que conveys the idea of 'as ... as.' Note that (better) is the irregular comparative form of the adverb bien (well). The other comparative forms of bien are regular (moins bien que, aussi bien que).
superlative of adverbs: indicating the most, the least In French as in English, the superlative is a way to express a maximum or minimum quality or capacity: 'the fastest', 'the least fast'. To form the superlative of an adverb, the masculine singular form of the is always used: le, followed by plus (more) or moins (less) before the adverb. Note that the superlative of an adverb has only one form. Le mieux (the best) and le moins bien (the least well) are the superlative forms of the adverb bien (well). Top of Form
Bottom of Form C- Le Passé Composé 1-Le Passé Composé avec avoir uses The passé composé is the most commonly used tense to refer to actions completed in the past. The passé composé may be translated into English in three different ways depending on the context.
verbs with spelling changes Some verbs with spelling changes in the present form their future/conditional stem regularly. These include verbs like préférer, espérer, manger, and commencer. Verbs with spelling changes like appeler, employer and acheter add -r to the present of the je form to create their future stem.
like voyager and commencer add an e or ç to maintain the soft g or s sound, before imparfait endings which begin with a (je voyageais, tu voyageais, il / elle / on voyageait, ils / elles voyageaient), in other words, before all forms except nous and vous (nous voyagions, vous voyagiez). The imparfait of pronominal verbs is regular, with the addition of the reflexive pronoun: The negation is formed as usual by placing ne ... pas around the conjugated verb: Je ne dansais pas (I wasn't dancing / I didn't used to dance), Tu ne t'amusais pas (You weren't having a good time / You didn't used to have a good time). Listen to Tex describing his morning:
F- Prepositions with the Infinitive The infinitive is the verb form generally used after a preposition in French. À (to) and de (from, about) are the most common prepositions in French. In many expressions, the choice of the preposition à or de before an infinitive is purely idiomatic; that is, it is unrelated to meaning. In such cases, one must memorize which preposition is used. à + infinitive When the following verbs are followed by an infinitive, the preposition à is required. de + infinitive When the following verbs are followed by an infinitive, the preposition de is required.
Bottom of Form C-Le verbe venir et le passé récent When venir is conjugated in the present and followed by de + infinitive, it means 'to have just done something.' This is called the recent past (le passé immédiat).