insure domestic Tranquility, make sure the country is at peace between all the states Didn’t want btwn states provide for the common defense, make a military Needed to unite as a group against other countries for protection (not work separately) promote the general Welfare, allow people to vote England had not allowed for this and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, give freedoms to ourselves and our future generations US based on personal freedom from govt tyranny do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. by writing this Constitution. Change from Articles of Confederation Articles of Constitution: Image What they are Article #1: Legislative branch Article #2: Executive branch Article #3: Judicial branch Article #4: Relations among states
Majority Leader - House the speaker’s top assistant and the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. Rep. Kevin McCarthy Minority Leader - House Leader of the minority party and head of the minority party in the House of Representatives. Dem. Nancy Pelosi Majority Whip - Senate the majority whip is responsible for helping members of their party “whip” up the votes and vote on the party’s policies. Rep. Steve Scalise Minority Whip - Senate a person in the legislature who assists the party leader with keeping the votes and ensuring everyone attends important votes. Dem. Steny Hoyer Committees Chair the person who presides over the committees Varies (10+) Education, environment, healthcare, etc Majority Leader – Senate head of the majority party in the Senate Rep. Mitch McConnell Minority Leader - Senate head of the minority party in the Senate Dem. Harry Reid Groups of People Image Who they are Senate One ‘house’ of Congress 100 members 2 from each state House of Representatives Another ‘house’ of Congress 435 members total Number of members based on the population of each state
to the national government (Art. 1, Sec. 8, Powers in the Constitution Provide an army Conduct foreign affairs Implied (inherent) Powers powers that a government must have simply to govern Powers not in Constitution, but that have to be done from Necessary & Proper Clause Collect taxes Denied powers powers denied to the national government Powers Congress does not have Suspending habeas corpus Passing laws Taxing exported state goods Taking $$ wo Appropriations bill Ideas/Concepts Image Definition Bicameral Two-house legislature
(‘House’ just means group) to draw a boundary for a district so that an advantage in elections is gained Veto rejecting of a bill Pocket Veto when the president rejects a bill passed in the last 10 days by simply refusing to act on it Lobbying Contact made by Lobbyists to the government officials so that they will support their interest group’s ideas Legislation Image Who they are 1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act Requires that the lobbyists and their groups they represent register and report all of their contributions and expenditures Unit 5: Judicial Branch Types of people Image Definition What that means Litigant Person engaged in a lawsuit Sued person Plaintiff Person who brings charges in court Person who is suing Prosecution Team making the accusation Person suing & lawyer Defense Team accused of the crime Person being sued & lawyer
Magistrate A civil officer in charge of the administration of law Judge Groups of People Image Definition What that means Grand jury Group that hears charges against a suspect and decides whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial Group that decides if a trial is needed Jury A group of citizens who hear evidence during a trial and give a verdict Group that hears case & decides verdict (guilty or not) Documents Image Definition What that means Amicus curiae Written brief from an individual or group claiming to have information useful to a Written submission of having useful evidence
administration of law Felony A major crime Major crime White collar crime Crimes that involve businesses such as embezzlement, fraud, or stealing office equipment Business crime Capital crimes Serious crimes including murder, rape, and robbery Killing, rape, stealing crime Types of Courts Image Definition What that means Federal Court System System of state and national courts operating at the same time All of the US courts Supreme Court The highest court in the US Most important US court Court rulings Image Definition What that means Dissenting opinion The opinion expressed by a minority of justices in a Supreme Court case Minority opinion Judicial Actions
Image Definition What that means Appeal A formal question as to the correctness of a ruling by a presiding officer Asking another court to review a ruling Arraignment To bring a person before a court to answer an indictment Formally asking a defendant for a plea Incarceration To confine or imprison The act of putting someone in jail Insanity plea A pledge that the defendant is innocent due to mental incompetence at the time Defense that person was not mentally stable Plea bargain Defendant pleads guilty to lesser crime than the one charged Person admits one thing in exchange for not admitting to something else Judicial activism The philosophy that the Supreme Court should play an active role in shaping national policies by addressing social and political issues Belief that judicial branch should influence society Judicial restraint The philosophy that the Supreme Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions Belief that judicial branch should NOT influence society
Ideas/Concepts Image Definition What that means Bail Property or money given as surety that a person released from custody will return at an appointed time Money used to get out of jail Double jeopardy Retrial of a person who was acquitted in a previous trial for the same crime Trying a person a second time for the same crime (illegal) Due process Principle in the 5th amendment stating that the government must use proper constitutional procedures in trials and in other actions it takes against individuals Govt must follow rules in Constitution against accused people Establishment clause 5th amendment guarantee that ‘Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion’ Govt cannot tell people what religion to follow Fines A sum of money imposed as a Money you owe