GCOS requirements and international observing standards: Oceanic Domain The following tables for the oceanic domains cover in situ measurements of the surface, subsurface and water column of the sea. Information on GCOS climate observing requirements is taken from OSCAR (see Box 3). The Ocean Observations Panel for Climate (OOPC) is a scientific expert advisory group charged with making recommendations for a sustained global ocean observing system for climate in support of the goals of its sponsors GCOS, GOOS and the WCRP. Details of instrumentation and supporting documentation for the measurement of ECVs can be sourced through the websites and contacts provided for the contributing networks. These are provided on the OOPC website (see extracts below copyright: © 2005-6 IOC/UNESCO) Subsurface composite network: Component network ECVs International coordination provided by: Reference mooring network (29 moorings) all autonomously observable ECVs Sustained and repeated ship-based hydrography network All feasible ECVs, including those that depend on obtaining water samples (from a programme initiated in and Argo network Temperature, Salinity, Currrent Repeat XBT line network (41 lines) Temperature JCOMM (SOT) Critical current and transport monitoring Temperature, heat, freshwater, carbon transports, mass , , Dated: 25/10/2013 Surface composite network: Component network ECVs International coordination provided by: Global surface drifting buoy array with 5° resolution (1250 total) SST, SLP, Current (based on position change) JCOMM (DBCP)
Global tropical moored buoy network (~120 moorings) typically: SST and surface vector wind can include: SLP, Current, Air-sea flux variables JCOMM DBCP (TIP) Volunteeer Observing Ship (VOS) fleet all feasible surface ECVs JCOMM (SOT) VOSClim all feasible surface ECVs plus extensive ship metadata JCOMM (SOT) Global reference mooring network (29 moorings) all feasible surface ECVs GLOSS core sea-level network, plus regional/national networks sea level JCOMM GLOSS: www.gloss-sealevel.org/ Carbon VOS pCO2, SST, SSS Sea ice buoys sea ice JCOMM DBCP and Dated: 25/10/2013 Many of the elements of the in situ networks transmit their data in real time to agreed centers data centers, where the data are then sent in real time over the WMO Global Telecommunications System and made available on internet servers. The Observations Programme Area of JCOMM has undertaken monitoring activities for both real-time transmitted data and other delayed-mode observing platforms.
LT total column troposphere column Upper Air: Wind speed (horizontal) m/s WMO “CIMO” Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observing Part I: Measurement of Meteorological Variables. Chapter 13 (upper wind). Part II: Observing Systems. Chapter 3 (aircraft observations) Guide to the GSN and GUAN (2010 update of GCOS 73) GCOS Observation Requirements defined in OSCAR: HS&M high troposphere LS LT
Atmospheric ECV (with link to GOSIC description) Variables (observing unit) (sources: ECV data matrix, OSCAR) Use of satellite and in situ measurements Key sources relating to observation standards of ECVs Atmospheric composition: Aerosol optical depth Aerosol extinction co-efficient Aerosol absorption optical depth WMO/GAW Standard Operating Procedures for In-situ Measurements of Aerosol Mass Concentration, Light Scattering and Light Absorption (GAW Report 200) WMO “CIMO” Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observing Part I: Measurement of Meteorological Variables. Chapter 7 (Radiation) GCOS Observation Requirements defined in OSCAR: AOD - HS&M AOD - HT AOD - LS AOD - LT AEC HS&M AEC HT AEC LS AEC LT AAOD HS&M AAOD LT AAOD HT AAOD LT Atmospheric composition: CO2 mol/mol See: GAW Research and Monitoring Reports GCOS Observation Requirements defined in OSCAR: HT HS&M LS LT total column troposphere column Atmospheric composition: CH4 (mol/mol) Nitrous Oxide (N2O), CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, SF6, and PFCs See: GAW Research and Monitoring Reports