Two main styles of Bengali language exist side by side — a common or “Chalito” style and a literary or classical style (“Sadhu”). Where appropriate, the most popular spelling in common style is given first followed in round brackets by the spelling in literary style. Bengali meanings are given both in Bengali script and in a Romanized form. This helps beginners to use the language until they have mastered the script. The romanized form differs from systems used by other writers and has the advantage of providing a consistent system of phonetic conversion from Bengali script that represents each Bengali character element accurately and uniquely. Its appearance reflects the pronunciation closely after accepting a few simple transcription rules. The same process of sound classification is consistent with a family of similar languages derived from Sanskrit. However, some use of Bengali script is no longer truly phonetic — mainly in cases where two consonants are joined into “conjuncts”, and the initial consonant is emphasized while the trailing consonant is effectively lost. See the following sections about on “Bengali Alphabet” and “Hints on Special Pronunciation”. Where appropriate, help with the pronunciation is given in square brackets after the romanized Bengali word. References such as "[See Grammar 57.3]" are for students using the comprehensive manual for learning Bengali that is also produced by the writer of this dictionary. Other hints are stated in square brackets ([…]) THE BENGALI ALPHABET CLASSIFICATION OF BENGALI SOUNDS C O N S O N A N T S V O W E L S Family Hard Soft Soft Soft Hard Held Huffed Held Huffed Nasals Semi- vowels Spirants Short Long Diphthongs Guttural ka kha ga gha n¹a ha hha a aa e, ei ee, oy ± ² ³ ´ µ ã @ A AÁ J K Palatal ca cha ja jha n²a ya sha i ii
PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS ROMANIZED SOUNDS AS LIKE IN THE ENGLISH WORD Guttural ±… k "k" in "keen" - in the throat ²Î kh "kh" in "rockhead" ³Î g "g" in "get" ´Î gh "gh" in "slagheap" µÎ n¹ "n" in "donkey" Palatal ¶… c "ch" in "chair" - on the palate ·… ch chh" in "matchhead" ¸… j "j" in "enjoy" ¹Î jh "dgeh" in "hedgehog" °Î n² "n" in "pinch" Cerebral q… t "t" in "alter" - on the roof wÎ th "th" in "malthouse" of the mouth e… d "d" in "Dad" EÎ r "rr" in "barred" r… dh "dh" in "goldhammer" RÎ rh "rrh" in "myrrh lump" tÎ n "n" in "inlaid" Dental yÎ (=ù) t "t" in "ant" - on the teeth uÎ th "th" in "warthog" iÎ d "d" in "beds" oÎ dh "dh" in "redheads" pÎ n "n" in "bending" Labial zÎ p "p" in "peace" - on the lips x… ph "ph" in "uphold" cÎ b,v,w "b" in "bob"("swim, twin") v… bh "bh" in "nibholder" bÎ m "m" in "meet" nÎ y "j" in "jog" Forward ½Î y "y" in "yes" semi-vowels mÎ r "r" in "right" ¬Î l "l" in "love" Sibillants ®Î sh "sh" in "ship" ¿Î s "sh" in "washtub" \Î s "sh" in "ensure" Guttural semi-vowel ã… h "h" in "heart"
paaraa demeur (f) abode c\sy ³hã basati grriha avortement (m) abortion ³vízay (³CÖízay) garbhapaat (garbbhapaat) à l'égard de about ... (concerning) ..\BÃjï sambandhe; -iiya; ..\BÚj±í ...samparke; -'Jm sc¿j½ -'er visaye à peu près, environ about (nearly) ‘za½ praay; -J± -ek à peu près trois about three syjp± tinek à peu près trois personnes about three person syjp± ¸pÁ tinek janaa absolu absolute \BÚgtí sampuurna abondance (f) abundance, plenty ‘za¶›níº praacuryya; Fz¶½ upacay; caÀ¬º baahulya abondamment abundantly Êrm dher; ‘z¶›m vajc pracur bhaabe accepter to accept, receive ‘³ãt ±mÁ grahan karaa suivre to accept, heed ‘³aN ±mÁ graahya karaa porter to accept, carry (death) (bhy›º)-cmt ±mÁ (mrrityu)-baran karaa acceptable ‘³ãtjna³º grahan-yogya accepted, approved Apfjbasiy anumodita to accomplish fully \BÚpÐ ±mÁ sampanna karaa accomplished \asoy saadhita to accommodate ‘z‘®½ ÊiL½Á prashray deoyaa according to Apf\ajm anusaare; -anuyaayii accordingly yaS taai; yipf\ajm tadanusaare account, report sccmt bibaran; sã\ac hisaab; sp±a® nikaash accountable ¸cacsisã jabaab-dihi Apfna½d
accurate \sw± sathik; spvfí¬ nirbhul accusation Êia¿ajmaz dosaarop; Asvjna³ ±mam ±aníº abhiyog karaar kaaryya to accuse Asvjna³ ±mÁ abhiyog karaa; Azmaod ±mÁ aparaadhii karaa accuser Êia¿ajmaz±amd dosaarop-kaarii accustomed AvºaÅÕ abhyaastha to achieve \BÚaip ±mÁ sampaadan karaa acquaintance zsms¶y paricita to acquit ... spjiía¿ cs¬½Á .. bfs»M ÊiL½Á nirdos baliyaa..mukti deoyaa act of worship ‘ztab pranaam to act, behave, deal, pretend cºcãam ±mÁ byabahaar karaa action, step zijñz padaksep action, work ±a¸ kaaj; ±aníº kaaryya active force \sêM½ ®s»M sakriya shakti; ±aníº±amd ®s»M kaaryyakaari shakti actively \sêM½vajc sakriyabhaabe activity, works ±aníº±¬az kaaryyakalaap actually ‘z±„yzjñ prakrritapakse; ‘z±„yS prakrrita-i; Aa\j¬ aasale; cÅßy@zjñ vastutahhapakse actual, real ‘z±„y prakrrita A.D. J.se. e. di to add Êna³ ±mÁ yog karaa added \Ènf»M sanºyukta additional caEsy baar-ti address (postal) sw±apÁ thikaanaa to adjust, modify mici¬ ±mÁ rad-badal karaa; \bPÃ½ ±mÁ samanbay karaa adjusted \bPÃs½y samanbayita administration ‘z®a\p prashaasan admiration bfú¤vajc ‘z®È\Á
mugdhabhaabe prashanºsaa adultery cºsv¶am byabhicaar advantage ¬av laabh to take advantage, benefit Fz¬sý ÊpL½Á upalabdhi neoyaa; Fz±am ÊpL½Á upakaar neoyaa advice Fzji® upadesh to advise Fzji® ÊiL½Á upadesh deoyaa advisable Fzji®bg¬± upadesh-muulak aeroplane scbap bimaan to affect ‘zvascy ±mÁ prabhaabita karaa affection Ê\Ðã sneha; va¬ca\Á bhaalabaasaa to have affection for va¬ca\Á bhaalabaasaa affiliation Êna³ajna³ yogaayog afternoon sc±a¬ bikaal; sc±a¬jc¬Á again [V5] Aacam aabaar We must see one another again [V5] Aacam Êi²Á ãSjc aabaar dekhaa haibe against -'Jm scmÆjÄ -'er biruddhe; -'Jm sczmdjy -'er bipariite age, era, [sometimes system] nf³ yug age [how old] c½\ bayas of age c½j\ bayase old age caoí±º baardhakya aged c½Åþ bayaska; ‘za¶dp praaciin aged person [male, female] ‘za¶dp, ‘za¶dpÁ praaciin, praaciinaa ageing caoí±º baardhakya agent, representative ‘zsyspso pratinidhi aggression AaêMbat aakramaan ago Aaj³ aage belaa
to agree, harmonize sb¬ ma²Á mil raakhaa agreeable, acceptable Fzjna³d upayogii agreeable, pleasant bjpamb manoram agreeable, willing ma¸d raajii not agreeable, unwilling Aspó·f± anicchuk; [³m-ma¸d gar-raajii] agreement, harmony \abª\º saamanjasya ahead \BÂf²cydí (\BÂf²c»dí) (sammukh-barttii) aid, help \aãanº saahaayya aid, helper \ãa½ sahaay to aid \aãanº ±mÁ saahaayya karaa aim, target, focus ¬ñº laksya; Asv‘za½ abhipraay to aim ¬ñº ±mÁ laksya karaa air caya\ baataas alas ãa½ ãa½ haay haay alert \y±í satarka alike, same looking \ih® sadrrish; ApfmÇzvajc anuruup-bhaabe alive ¸dscy jiibita; ¸dcPÙ jiibanta all, every [V8] \±¬ sakal; \bÅÙ samasta; \c sab; all, entire \b‘³ samagra all, everyone \±j¬ sakale allegiance Aapf³yº aanugatya; spWÁ nisthaa to alleviate ±bapÁ kamaana to allow, permit ÊiL½Á deoyaa; Apfbsy ÊiL½Á anumati deoyaa almanac zfsª±Á punjikaa Almighty \cí®s»Mbap (\CÃí®s»Mbap) sarvashaktimaan (sarvvashaktimaan) alone, indeed, particular [V3] -S -i
and, joining a series of adverbs [see G47.4] -S½Á -iyaa And with you be peace! L½a¬aS±‚ba\Î\a¬ab oyaalaaikumaassaalaam angel igy duut; \Ã³íigy svargaduut; Êicigy dev-duut; Êxjm®ÎyÁ pheresh-taa anger ÊêMao krodh; ma³ raag angry, very angry ma³azgtí raagaapuurna; ma³azpÐ raagaapanna to be angry [V14] ma³ ±mÁ raag karaa to anger, to make angry ma³ajpÁ (ma³ap+) raagaano (raagaana) animal zë pashu; ¸Pß jantu; ¸apÎcam jaan'bar animate[d], living \¸dc sajiiv announcement Ê´a¿tÁ ghosanaa; ‘z¶am pracaar annual cas¿í± baarsik anointed Asvs¿»M abhisikta another Aðî anya; Azm apar answer F»m uttar answerable ¸cacsisã jabaab-dihi ant szÏzjE p^ipare anti- sc- bi- anxiety vacpÁ bhaabanaa; FjIÃ³ udveg anxious vascy bhaabita; FsIÃ³Ð udvigna any Ê±ã keha; Ê±ajpÁ kono; Ê±ap kona; [don't confuse this Ê±ap with Ê±apÎ kon` meaning “which particular…”] anybody Ê±ã keha; Ê±F keu; Ên Ê±ã ye keha anyhow [whatever may happen] naãaS ´q›± pÁ Ê±p yaahaa-i ghatuk naa kena;
naãÁ Êãa± (naS ãF±) yaahaa hok (yaai hauk) anyone [any item of a group] Ê±ajpÁ kono; Ê±ap+ kona; any other Aðî Ê±ajpÁ anya kono; Aðî Ê±ap anya kona anything Ên Ê±ap cÅß ye kona vastu; s±·f kichu anyway Ên Ê±ap ‘z±ajm ye kona prakaare anywhere Ên Ê±ap ÅÕajp ye kona sthaane apart from that yÁ (yaãÁ) ·aEÁ taa (taahaa) chaaraa apathy Fia\dpyÁ udaasiinataa apology ñbÁ ‘zauípÁ ksamaa praarthanaa apostle, one sent forth Ê‘zsmy prerita apparently AazaymÇjz aapaataruupe to appeal, feel good va¬ ¬a³Á bhaala laaga appearance, face Ê¶ãamÁ cehaaraa to apply....., put...to use ‘zj½a³ ±mÁ prayog karaa; ¬a³ajpÁ (¬a³ap+) laagaano (laagaana) to appear, come into view Aascvœíy ãL½Á aabirbhuuta haoyaa to appear, seem... cj¬ bjp ãL½Á bale mane haoyaa applicable ‘zjnanº prayoyya to apply .... in life Êbjp (basp½Á) ¶¬Á mene (maaniyaa) calaa to lock (i.e. apply the lock):[Study 15, Grammar 54.2] ya¬Á ¬a³ajpÁ (¬a³ap+) taalaa laagaano (laagaana) appointed time spmÇszy \b½ niruupita samay appointed times of the nations ¸asy³jtm
archæology ‘zYÐyYÃ pratnatatva architect ÅÕzsy sthapati argument, criticism y±í tarka argument, quarrel ¹³EÁ jhag-raa ark of the covenant sp½b s\ðÛ± niyam sinduk suit of armour nfjÄm \æ¸Á yuddher sajjaa army Ë\ðîi¬ seenyadal; casãpd baahinii; Ê\pÁ senaa Armageddon, Harmageddon ãmÎbas³jiap har-maagidon around, all round ¶asm zaj® caaripaashe; ¶asm sij± caari dike; ¶am sij± caar dike to arouse Aa±aç²Á ¸as³½Á Êya¬Á aakaankhaa jaagiyaa tolaa arrangement, order scpºa\ binyaas arrangement provision cºcÅÕÁ byabasthaa arrears, outstanding amount cj±½Á bakeyaa to arrest Ê‘³zÙam ±mÁ greptaar karaa; Aaq± ±mÁ aatak karaa arrival Aa³bp aagaman arrogant AãÈ±amd ahanºkaarii; FÄy uddhata arrow ydm tiir article (in magazine) ‘zcï prabandha artist s®lÚd shilpii as, taken as ... ...cj¬ ...bale as a ... , equivalent to ..., in the form of ...sã\ajc ...hisaabe as many as can be \aoºbjyÁ ny.. saadhyamato yata ... as well, also, too [Vocabulary 8] L o to ascend Aajmaãt ±mÁ aarohan karaa
ascension to heaven \Ã³íajmaãt svargaarohan ashamed ¬sæ¸y lajjita to ask, seek Apf\ïap ±mÁ anusandhaan karaa to ask, to enquire s¸¡a\Á ±mÁ jijnaasaa ["jigyaasaa"] karaa to ask for, to want: [Study11] ¶aL½Á caaoyaa asleep sps‘iy nidrita to assemble, construct Ê¸aEÁ ¬a³ajpÁ (Ê¸aEÁ ¬a³ap+) joraa laagaano (laagaana) assembly ¸p\vÁ janasabhaa; scoap \vÁ bidhaan sabhaa; \bajc® samaabesh assembly (as in circuit assembly) \jBÂ¬p sammelan to assemble J±ê ãL½Á ekatra haoyaa assessment, study ³jc¿pÁ gabesanaa assignment spsÄíø ±aníº (spsÄíø ±aní) nirddhista kaaryya (nirddhista kaarya); spnfs»M niyukti to give an assignment spÄíasmy ±jm (±sm½Á) ÊiL½Á nirddhaarita kare (kariyaa) deoyaa to assist (see "aid") association, group, society \sbsy samiti; \jBÂ¬p sammelan association of brothers, society of brothers öayŸ\ba¸ bhraatrrisamaaj associations, keeping company \È\³í sanºsarga; Êb¬ajb®Á bad associations ±‚\È\³í kusanºsarga assumed as, taken as … ... cj¬ (cs¬½Á) … bale (baliyaa) assurance, certainty, guarantee,
to make available ÊzÏa¶a½ ÊiL½Á p^ocaay deoyaa average ³jE gare to avoid, keep away \smj½ ma²Á sariye raakhaa; zsmãam ±mÁ parihaar karaa to avoid, steer clear of JsEj½ (JEaS½Á) ¶¬Á eriye (eraaiyaa) calaa to await ‘zydñÁ ±mÁ pratiiksaa karaa; AjzñÁ ±mÁ apeksaa karaa Awake! \j¶yp ua±! sacetan thaaka! awake, alert \y±í satarka; \j¶yp sacetan awake, not sleeping Ê¸j³ (¸as³½Á) jege (jaagiyaa) to awaken (cause to be awake) [Study 13] ¸³ajpÁ (¸a³ap+) jaagaano (jagaana) aware Ac³y abagata; \y±í satarka to do away \smj½ (\maS½Á) ÊiL½Á sariye (saraaiyaa) deoyaa to go away [S15] ¶j¬ (¶s¬½Á) naL½Á cale (caliyaa) yaaoyaa to send away Ê·jE (·aEaS½Á) ÊiL½Á chere (chaaraaiyaa) deoyaa B baby s®ë shishu Babylon casc¬p baabilan; casc¬ baabil Babylon the Great bãyd casc¬ mahaatii baabil to come back [Vocabulary 9.6] sxjm (sxmaS½Á)Aa\Á phire (phiraaiyaa) aasaa to give back sxjm (sxmaS½Á) ÊiL½Á phire (phiraaiyaa) deoyaa the back, rear zô¶aù pashcaat' bad bði manda, ²amaz khaaraap; Apºa½ anyaay
bad- ±‚ - ku- badness bas¬ðî maalinya baggage yslÚylÚÁ talpitalpaa balance, equilibrium \byÁ samataa; vam\abºyÁ bhaar-saamyataa balance, remainder cas± baaki; Acs®øaÈ® abashistaanºsha bald qa±-zEÁ taak-paraa baldness qa± taak bamboo cÏa® b^aash to ban spj¿o ±mÁ nisedh karaa banned, forbidden sps¿Ä nisiddha banana ±¬Á kalaa; ±i¬d kadalii Bangladesh caÈ¬aji® baanºlaadesh baptism caszÙÅÂ baaptisma to baptize cazÙaS¸ ±mÁ baaptaaij karaa; cazÙaSs¸y ±mÁ baaptaaijita karaa baptized cazÙaSs¸y baaptaaijita baptizer cazÙaS¸± baaptaaijak bare empty ²as¬ khaali bare, naked F¬å ulanga barrage, barrier ‘zsycï±yÁ pratibandhakataa barren cïº bandhya barrenness cïºÁ bandhyaa; cïºyÁ bandhyataa base svs» bhitti; ´Ïasq gh^aati basic Êbàs¬± moolik basically ‘z±„yzjñ prakrritapakse basin for water ¸¬zaê jal-paatra basis svs» bhitti bath \Ðap snaan; Ê³a\¬ gosal; Ê´a\¬ ghosal; ´f\¬ ghusal to bathe [i Vocabulary 14] \Ðap ±mÁ
to bear, put up with \N ±mÁ sahya ["sojjo"] karaa bear (the animal) vlìf± bhalluk; va¬f± bhaaluk to beat, hit bamÁ maaraa; Aa´ay ±mÁ aaghaat karaa; ‘zãam ±mÁ prahaar karaa; szqajpÁ (szqap+) pitaano (pitaana) beautiful \fðim sundar beauty \fðimd sundarii; Ê\àðiníº soondaryya became, having become ãj½ (ãS½Á) haye (haiyaa) because Ê±ppÁ kenanaa; ±amt kaaran because of imÆp darun bed ÅÙm star; ®nºÁ shayyaa bedding sc·apazê bichaanaapatra bedtime ®½p±a¬ shayan-kaal bee Êbàbas· moomaachi I have been Aasb ãj½s· (ãS½as·) aami hayechi (haiyaachi); Aasb ãj½ Aa\s· aami haye aas-chi [wrongly rendered in some translations of scriptures : “Aasb Aas·” “aami aachi”] befitting Fznf»M upayukta; nuajna³º yathaayogya; by mata before, in front \BÂfj² sammukhe; \abjp saamane before, in the sight of... ..-'Jm \añajy saaksaate Before our Common Era - see B. C. E. beforehand zgjcí (zgjCÃí) puurbe (puurbbe); Aaj³ aage; Aj‘³S agre-i to beg (for food) (²aiº) svñÁ ±mÁ (khaadya) bhiksaa karaa to beg in prayer ‘zauípÁ ±mÁ praarthanaa 'er
karaa; naó°Á ±mÁ yaacnaa karaa to begin, start off AamBÖ ±mÁ aarambha karaa; ëmÆ ±mÁ shuru karaa to begin, get started AamBÖ ãL½Á aarambha haoyaa to begin, embark mLpÁ (mL½apa) ãL½Á raonaa (raoyaanaa) haoyaa to begin (eating) [idioms: Grammar15, 54.2] Ê²jy ¬a³Á (²aSjy ¬a³Á) khete laagaa (khaaite laagaa); Ê²jy ëmÆ ±mÁ (²aSjy ëmÆ ±mÁ) khete shuru karaa (khaaite shuru karaa) beginning, start AamBÖ aarambha; ëmÆ shuru; ‘zamBÖ praarambha beginning time Aasi aadi in the beginning Aasijy aadite begotten, only begotten behalf, part (-Jm) zjñ (-er) pakse behaviour Aa¶mt aacaran; ¶a¬¶¬p caalacalan behind, to the rear of zô¶ajy pashcaate; sz·jp pichane; szj·ajp pichone behind (the curtain), in the concealment (of the curtain) (ziíam) AaEaj¬ pardaar aaraale behind, waiting Ajzña±„y Ap‘³\m apeksaakrrita anagrasar belief, faith sc®Ãa\ to believe, put faith [V14] sc®Ãa\ ±mÁ bishbaas karaa bell ´TqÁ ghantaa belly y¬jzq tal-pet to belong Aso±amvf»M ãL½Á haoyaa beloved s‘z½yb priyatama; s‘z½¸p
priyajan below spjBÐ nimne; pdj¶ niice; spBÐ- nimna- Belshazzar Êc¬®ù\m bel-shat'sar to bend cÏa±Á b^aakaa to bend (cause to be bent) [Grammar 12] cÏa±ajpÁ (cÏa±ap+) b^aakaano ( b^aakaana) to bend the knee py¸apf ãL½Á natajaanu haoyaa beneath spBÐ nimna; pdj¶ niice beneficial Fz±am¸p± upakaar-janak; ¬avia½± laabh-daayak benefit Fz±am upakaar; ¬av laabh; Apf‘³ã anugraha; \fscoÁ subidhaa Bengali (language) caÈ¬Á baanºlaa Bengali person caåa¬d baangaalii beside ±aj· kaache besides, apart from cºydy byatiita; cºsyjmj± byatireke besides, apart from this J·aEÁ echaaraa; yaãa·aEÁ taahaachaaraa best Ay›º»b atyuttam; \cí»b (\jCÃía»b) sarvottam (sarvvottam); \c Ê¶j½ vaj¬Á (\c Ê¶j½ va¬) sab ceye bhaalo (sab ceye bhaala) betel zap betel-nut \fzamd supaarii Bethlehem Ëcùj¬jãb beet'lehem; Ëcu¬jãb beethalahem to betray ‘zyamtÁ prataaranaa betrayer sc®Ãa\´ay± bishbaas-ghaatak between bjoº madhye to beware \y±í ua±Á satarka thaakaa;
\acoap ua±Á saab-dhaan thaakaa beyond igjm duure beyond- zm- par- Bible caSjc¬ baaibel bicycle \aSj±¬ saaikel big cE bara bill (money) sã\ac hisaab; qa±am xií taakaar phard to bind, tie (t) [Vocabulary 9.1] cÏaoÁ b^aadhaa binding contract Aåd±am angiikaar biology ¸dcsc¡ap jiibabijnaan ["jiibabigyaan"] birth ¸PÂ janma to give birth ¸PÂ ÊiL½Á janma deoyaa birth-control ¸PÂ-sp½Pòt janma-niyantran birth-giver, mother ¸ppd jananii birthday ¸PÂsip janmadin bit qf±mÁ tukaraa to bite iÈ®p ±mÁ danºshan karaa; ‘zyamtÁ ±mÁ prataaranaa karaa to bite (by people) ±abmajpÁ (±abEap+) kaamaraano (kaamaraana) to bite (by snake) ‘zcasÞy ±mÁ prabaancita karaa bitter scm»M birakta; scms»M birakti; ±q›±sqcº katukativya black ±a¬ kaala; ±aj¬Á kaalo to blame spðiÁ ±mÁ nindaa karaa; Êia¿ajmaz ±mÁ dosaarop karaa blanket ±BÃ¬ kambal blasphemy D®Ãm spðiÁ iishbar nindaa; Azscê va¿Á apabitra bhaasaa blast of a trumpet yœmdO¢sp turiidhvani
blaze Fææ¢¬ As³Ðs®²Á ujjval to blaze æ¢s¬½Á FwÁ jvaliyaa uthaa to bleed m»Mzay ãL½Á raktapaat haoyaa blemished ±¬á kalanka blessed oðî dhanya; Aa®dcíai‘zazÙ (Aa®dCÃíi‘zazÙ) aashiirbaad-praapta ((aashiirbbaad-praapta) blessing Aa®dcíai (Aa®dCÃíai) aashiirbaad (aashiirbbaad); \f²ia½± cÅß sukh-daayak bastu blind Aï andha; A¡ ajna ["ogyo"] blood m»M rakta blood-pressure m»M¶az raktacaap bloodshed m»Mzay raktapaat; ãyºÁ hatyaa to blow x‚Ï ÊiL½Á ph^u deoyaa blue pd¬ niil; pd¬ctí niil-barna to boast, show pride AãÈ±am ±mÁ ahanºkaar karaa; ³cí (³CÃí) ±mÁ garba (garbba) karaa boat Êpà±Á nookaa; ¸aãa¸ jaahaaj bodily ®amdsm± shaariirik; Ëisã± deehik body Êiã deha; ®mdm shariir bold, courageous \aã\d saahasii boldening, encouraging \aãs\± saahasik bolt s²¬ khil bomb ÊcabÁ bomaa bona fide \m¬ sc®Ãaj\ saral bishbaase; ²Ïasq kh^aati; ²Ïaqd kh^aatii bond (letter) ‘zsy¡azê pratijnaapatra ["protiggyaapotra"] bond (tie) \Èjna³ sanºyog; cïpd bandhanii; cïp bandhan perfect bond of union s\sÄm Êna³cïp
siddhiir yog-bandhan bondage ia\YÃ daasatva; csðiYÃ banditva; cïd bandhi bone AsÅÕ asthi; ãaE haar; ‘³sPÕ granthi book cS bai; zfÅÙ± pustak booklet zfsÅÙ±Á pustikaa booth ±‚sq kuti border ‘zaPÙ praanta; \dbÁ siimaa; oam dhaar to bore, drill s·‘i ±mÁ chidra karaa; scÄ ±mÁ biddha karaa born ¸PÂ³y janmagata; ‘z±„y³y prakrritagata; ¸ay jaata to be born ¸PÂÁ janmaa; ¸PÂ ‘³ãt ±mÁ janma grahan karaa; ¸PÂ ¬av ±mÁ janma laabh karaa to cause to be born ¸ð‰ajpÁ (¸PÂap+) janmaano (janmaana) to borrow, to take on loan oam ±mÁ dhaar karaa to borrow, copy Apf±mt ±mÁ anukaran karaa both Fv½S ubhaya-i bound in promise ‘zsy¡acÄ pratijnaabadha ["protigyaaboddho"] boundary \dbapÁ siimaanaa boundless A\db asiim bow, act of obeisance ‘ztab pranaam to bow, to show submission py ±mÁ nata karaa; côîyÁ \Ãd±am ±mÁ bashyataa sviikaar karaa to bow down ‘zstzay ±mÁ pranipaat karaa, ‘zty ãL½Á pranata haoyaa bowing in request, stooping modestly
brick Sq it bride sccajãm ±jp bibaaher kane; scj½m ±jp biyer kane; cof badhu bridegroom cm bar; pL®Á naoshaa bridge Ê\y› setu; zf¬ pul brief \ÈsñzÙ sanºksipta bright, shiny Fææ¢¬ ujjval; zsmÑþam pariskaar bright, intelligent cfsÄbap buddhimaan to bring AapÁ aanaa to bring about Fzpdy ±mÁ upaniita karaa broad ‘z®ÅÙ prashasta; ¶LEÁ caoraa broken v³Ð bhagna; Êvjå (vaså½Á) bhenge (bhaangiyaa) brother vaS bhaai; öayÁ bhraataa brother and sister [V27.1] vaSjcap bhaaibon brothers and sisters vaSjcajpmÁ bhaaiboneraa brothers [G8.1, G8.4] vaSj½mÁ bhaaiyeraa; vaS'JmÁ bhaai'eraa; öayŸ³t bhraatrrigan brotherhood öayŸYÃ bhraatrritva; öayŸ\ba¸ bhraatrrisamaaj brotherly öayŸ bhraatrri brow ±za¬ kapaal; öÇ bhruu brown caiabd baadaamii; szå¬ pingal; ±qÁ kataa brush yœs¬ tuuli; ¹aEÁ jhaaraa; cfmÆ® burush; ¹ÏaqÁ jh^aataa bucket ca¬Îsy baal-ti bud ±‚ÏsE k^uri; bf±f¬ mukul Buddhism ÊcàÄobí (ÊcàÄoBÂí) (booddha-dharmma)
Buddhist ÊcàÄ boodha build spbíat (spBÂíat) ±mÁ nirmaan (nirmmaan) karaa; ³wp ±mÁ gathan karaa to build, cause to be built capajpÁ (capap+) baanaano (baanaana) to build up, encourage Ê³Ïju (³Ïasu½Á) Êya¬Á g^ethe (g^aathiyaa) tolaa; \aã\ ÊiL½Á saahas deoyaa to build up, erect ³sE½Á Êya¬Á gariyaa tolaa building ³wp gathan buildings ³hãasi grrihaadi; Aqas¬±Á ataalikaa bull ¿ÏaE s^aar burden Êca¹Á bojhaa; vam bhaar burial place ±cm kabar buried \basãy samaahita; ±cmÅÕ kabarastha to (make) burn iú¤ ±mÁ dagdha karaa; ‘zæ¢s¬y ±mÁ prajvalita karaa to (make) burn to death zfsEj½ (zfEaS½Á) bamÁ puriye (puraaiyaa) maaraa burned at the stake ±aW ijÝ zfsEj½ (zfEaS½Á) kaastha dande puriye (puraaiyaa) to burst into tears Ê±Ïji (±Ïasi½Á) FwÁ k^ede (k^aadiyaa) uthaa; Ê±jði (±asði½Á) FwÁ kende (kaandiyaa) uthaa to bury \baso ÊiL½Á samaadhi deoyaa; Ê³àm ÊiL½Á goor deoyaa bus ca\ baas bush Ê¹az jhop; Ó¼b gulma business cºc\Á byavasaa; Êz®Á peshaa;
±amcam kaarabaar business, matter ±aj¸m \aju \BÃsïy sc¿½ business person cºc\a½d byabasaayii busy cºÅÙ byasta; zsm‘®bd parishramii but s±Pß kintu; Ê±c¬ kebal; cºydy byatiita but (after negative), rather cmÈ baranº; cmÞ baranca to buy Ê±pÁ kenaa; êM½ ±mÁ kray karaa; to buy back zfpma½ êM½ ±mÁ punaraay kray karaa buyer ÊêMyÁ kretaa by, near sp±jq nikate; zaj®Ãí paarshve by, through ±yŸí± (±»Ÿí±) kartrrik (karttrik); iÃamÁ dvaaraa by, via bjoº si½Á madhye diyaa by doing which najy ±jm (naãajy ±sm½Á) yaate kare (yaahaate kariyaa) to bypass ´fmzju naL½Á ghur-pathe yaaoyaa C cabbage cÏaoa±sz b^aadhaakapi cable, telegramyam taar calamity Abå¬ amangal to calculate ³tpÁ ±mÁ gananaa karaa; sã\ac ±mÁ hisaab karaa Calcutta Ê±a¬±ayÁ kol-kaataa; ±s¬±ayÁ kalikaataa calendar ±ºaj¬Ýam kyaalendaar; c¿í zsª±Á barsa panjikaa to call, name Asvsãy ±mÁ abhihita karaa; \BÖa¿t ±mÁ sambhaasan karaa to call, summon ea±Á daakaa called Asvsãy abhihita, Aa²ºay aakhata is called -Ê± c¬Á na½ -ke balaa yaay
carpentry ±ajwm ±a¸ kaather kaaj carpet ³as¬¶Á gaalicaa carrot ³a¸m gaajar to carry, transport cãp ±mÁ bahan karaa to carry along sc¬BÃ ±mÁ bilamba karaa; cãp ±mÁ bahan karaa to carry on, bear Êcao ±mÁ bodh karaa to carry on, bear up, endure \N ±mÁ sahya karaa to carry out \BÚaip ±mÁ sampaadan karaa; \aop ±mÁ saadhan karaa; \asoy ±mÁ saadhita karaa carved Ê²asiy khodita case, issue sc¶aníº sc¿½ bicaaryya bisay cash, small change p³i qa±Á nagad taakaa; vaåasp bhaangaani; vaÈqÁ bhaanºtaa cast out casãm spsñzÙ baahir niksipta to cast lots Ós¬cÏaq ±mÁ gulib^aat karaa casualty ãyaãy hataahata; Ëic´qpÁ deebaghatanaa cat scEa¬ biraal; ÊcEa¬ beraal cataclysmic scsó·pÐ bicchinna catastrophe \cípa® sarvanaash to catch a thief Ê¶am omÁ cor dharaa to catch hold of by hand ãay si½Á omÁ haat diyaa dharaa fire catches on As³Ð ¬aj³ agni laage catholic ±ºaus¬± kathalik cattle ³casi zë gabaadi pashu; Ê³amÆ goru; ³aS gaai cauliflower x‚¬±sz phul-kapi cause, purpose Fjéôî uddeshya cause, source, origin Fù\ ut'sa
to cause, stir up ¸ð‰ajpÁ (¸PÂap+) janmaano (janmaana) to cause to do [V13] ±majpÁ (±map+) karaano (karaana) causing -iam -daar; -ia½± -daayak caution, wariness \acoapyÁ saabadhaanataa caution, warning \acoajpm ca±º saabadhaaner baakya; \y±í cast satarka baani C.E. ²høaCÉ khrristaabda to celebrate Fù\c ±mÁ ut'sab karaa celebration Fù\c ut'sab; obdí½ ApfWap dharmiya anusthaan; oBÂíapfWap dharmmaanusthaan; FiÎnazp ud'yaapan cell of organism Ê±a¿ kos; ¸dcj±a¿ jiiv-kos cemetery ±cmÅÕap kabarasthaan; Ê³amÅÕap gorasthaan central Ê±ð‘id½ kendriiya; boºcydí (boºc»dí) madhyabartii (madhyabarttii) century ®yaCÉd shataabdii; ®yc¿í shatabarsa certain, assured spsô¶y nishcita; spsô¶y nishcit certain, fixed amount spsiíø (spséíø) nirdista nirddista certain, some or other [S21] Ê±ap kona certain, particular (person) -¸p -jan; [three particular men syp¸p bapf¿ tin-jan maanus] certain, particular (thing) -qÁ -taa; sq -ti; [three particular books sypqÁ cS tin-taa bai] certain ones -scj®¿ -bishes certainly spô¶½S nishcay-i; sp@\jðiã
nihh-sandeh; AcôîS abashyai chain Ê®±¬ shekal; ÊcEd berii by chance, suddenly ãwaù hathaat' by chance, unexpectedly A‘zyºas®y vajc apratyaashita bhaabe by chance, unintentional, without design Aa±sÅš± aakasmik by chance coming to life Aa±sÅš± ´qpÁ ´qam baoºjb ¸dcjpm FIÖc ãjy aakasmik ghatanaa ghataar maadhyame jiivaner udbhab hate to change, alter zsmcyíp (zsmc»íp) ±mÁ paribartan (paribarttan) karaa to change clothes ±azE ·aEajpÁ (·aEap+) kaapar chaaraano (kaapar chaaraana) to change money qa±Á vaåajpÁ (vaåap+) taakaa bhaangaano (bhaangaana) to change, modify zsmty ±mÁ parinata karaa chaos sc®hç²¬Á bishrrinkhalaa; sczní½ biparyay chaotic Jj¬ajbj¬Á elomelo; sc®hç²¬ bishrrinkhal chapter Aoºa½ adhyaay; zsmjó·i paricched character, personal quality ¶smê caritra; \fpab sunaam; cºas»Mm \Ãvac byaaktiir svaabhaab characteristic, quality Ót gun characteristics, features Ëcs®øº beeshistya without charge scpÁ bgj¬º binaa muulye chaste zscê pabitra; ¶smêcap caritrabaan; scëÄ bishuddha chaste person [male] \aof saadhu; \y sata chaste person [female] \aO¢d saadhbii;
Christendom s‘²«qd½ ¸³ù khristiiya jagat'; ²Ídød½ ¸³ù khriistiiya jagat' Christian s‘²«qap khristaan; ²Ídøap khriistaan chronicle cÈ®acs¬ banºshaabali chronological \b½apfêMsb± samayaanukramik church s³æ¸íÁ girjjaa; s³¸íÁ girjaa circle (shape) ch» brritta; ¶êM cakra; Êcøp±amd bestan-kaarii circle (perimeter) \dba¶êM siimaacakra circuit zsmjcø± paribestak; zsm\dbÁ parisiimaa circum- Asv- abhi- circumcision YÃ±…j·i tvak'ched citizen pa³sm± naagarik city p³m nagar; ®ãm shahar civil, gentle ®as¬p shaalin; v‘i bhadra civil, non-military Êc\absm± besaamarik civil war ³hãnfÄ grrihayuddha; AavºaPÙmdt sczÌc antar biplab civilian Êc\absm± besaamarik civilized \vº sabhya civilization \vºyÁ sabhyataa to claim iasc ±mÁ daabi karaa to clap with hands ãayyas¬ ÊiL½Á haatataali deoyaa to clarify, elucidate sc®i ±mÁ bishad karaa; ÅÚø ±sm½Á ÊiL½Á spasta kariyaa deoyaa; zsmÑþam ±sm½Á ÊiL½Á puriskaar kariyaa deoyaa class Ê‘®td shrenii; Ê‘®td scva³ shrenii bibhaag clean zsmÑþam pariskaar; spbí¬ nirmal;
zscê pabitra; ëÄ shuddha; ës¶ shuci to cleanse, to clean zsmÑþam ±mÁ pariskaar karaa; ës¶ ±mÁ shuci karaa; scëÄ ±mÁ bishuddha karaa; zsmsó·pÐ ±mÁ paricchinna karaa in clean standing F»b bap c¸a½ uttam maan bajaay clear to understand ÅÚø spasta; \Ãó· svaccha; zsmÑþam pariskaar clear as in tea ãa¼±Á haalkaa; ãa¬±Á haal-kaa clear conscience ëÄ scjc± shuddha bibek clear headed scjc¶± bibecak cleared away igmdvgy duuriibhuuta clearly ÅÚøy@ spastatahh; ÅÚøyS spastata-i clergy na¸±c³í yaajak-varga clever ¶y›m catur; ¶a¬a± caalaak client bjØþ¬ makkel climate zsmjc® paribesh; ¸¬ca½f AacãaL½Á aabahaaoyaa climax ¶mb zsmtsy caram parinati to climb ¶EÁ caraa to cling s¬zÙ ãL½Á lipta haoyaa clock ´sE ghari close, nearby ±a¶a±as¶ kaacaakaaci close, warm ´spø ghanista to close [i S14] cï ±mÁ bandha karaa closeness \aspÐoº saannidhya cloth cÅò vastra; zsmó·i paricchad clothing ±azE Ê¶azE kaapar copar; Êza¬a± zsmó·i polaak paricchad cloud Êb´ megh cloudy Êb´¬Á meghalaa
clue mãj\ºm \gê rahasyer suutrra; Ssåy ingit coarse, fat ÊbaqÁ motaa coast Fz±‚¬ upakul; \bfj‘im s±pamÁ samudrer kinaaraa coat Aaó·aip aacchaadan; Fzjmm ¸abÁ uparer jaamaa cobra Ê³a²jmÁ gokharo; Ê±Fsq½Á keutiyaa cockroach Êy¬ajza±Á telaa pokaa; Aamë¬Á aarashulaa; Aamj\a¬Á aarasolaa code of law \Èj±y sanºket; AaSp \È‘³ã aain sanºgrah coherent \È¬³Ð sanºlagna; \È³y sanºgata to coin, start FIÖacp ±mÁ udbhaaban karaa to collapse ÊvjåÏ (vasåÏ½Á) zEÁ bh^enge (bhaang^iyaa) paraa cold ®dy¬ shiital; waÝÁ thaandaa to collect \È‘³ã ±mÁ sanºgraha karaa collection (monetary contribution) ¶ÏaiÁ c^aadaa college bãasciºa¬½ mahaabidyaalay colonial Fzspjcs®± upanibeshik colony Fzspjc® upanibesh colour mÈ ranº; mµ ran¹; ctí barna column uab thaam; ÅÙBÃ stamba comb for hair s¶mÆsp ciruni comb of bees Êbà¶a± moocaak to combat \È‘³ab ±mÁ sanºgraam karaa to come Aa\Á aasaa "Let's come" - meaning "Do let's come together again." [V5] Aas\ aasi to come to mind bjp Aa\Á mane aasaa; bjp
[This is short for \aomt ±a¬ saadharan kaal. Previously, \Á.®. saa.sha. was used.] communication of messages \Ècai sanºvaad aadaan-pradaan communication by travel Êna³ajna³ yogaayog comparatively Ajzña±„yvajc apeksaakrritabhaabe; yf¬pa½ tulanaay to compare sb¬ajpÁ (sb¬ap+) milaano (milaana); y›¬pÁ ±mÁ tulanaa karaa compassion ±mÆtÁ karunaa; \ãapfvgsy sahaanubhuuti compatible Êna³º yogya; \f\È³y susanºgata competitive ‘zsyjnas³yabg¬± pratiyogitaamuulak to complain Asvjna³ ±mÁ abhiyog karaa complementary, completive zsmzgm± paripuurak complete \b‘³ samagra; \BÚgtí sampuurna complete in himself spj¸jyS zsmzgtí nijete-i paripuurna completely \BÚgtímÇjz sampuurnaruupe; \BÚgtí sampuurna to eat up completely [S15] Ê²j½ (²aS½Á) Êx¬Á kheye (khaaiyaa) phelaa complex, intricate ¸sq¬ jatil complexity, intricacy ¸sq¬yÁ jatilataa complicated ¸sq¬ jatil component AÈ® anºsha to compose m¶pÁ ±mÁ racanaa karaa; \È³wp ±mÁ sanºgathan karaa composite Ênàu yootha ‘ziap
to comprehend cf¹Á bujhaa comprehensible Êcao³bº bodh-gamya to comprise APÙvgí»M antarbhukta karaa compulsory caoºyabg¬± baadhyataamuulak to compute, calculate ³tpÁ ±mÁ gananaa karaa to conceal Ê³azp ±mÁ gopan karaa; ¬f±ajpÁ (¬f±ap+) lukaano (lukaana) to conceive in mind ±lÚpÁ ±mÁ kalpanaa karaa to conceive in womb ³vícyd ãL½Á garbhabatii haoyaa; oamt ±mÁ dhaaran karaa power to conceive cÈ® Fùzaijpm ®s»M banºsha ut'paadaner shakti to concentrate, focus Ê±ð‘idvgy ±mÁ kendriibhuuta karaa concerned, anxious FsIÃ³Ð udvigna concerning sc¿j½ bisaye; \BÃjï sambandhe; \BÚj±í samparke concise \ÈsñzÙ sanºksipta to conclude, finish \bazÙ ±mÁ samaapta karaa; Ê®¿ ±mÁ shes karaa conclusion, finish Ê®¿ shes; \baszÙ samaapti conclusion, summary Fz\Èãam upasanºhaar; zsm\baszÙ parisamaapti to condemn, abhor yd‘c spðiÁ ±mÁ tiibra nindaa karaa condemnation spðiÁ nindaa condition, situation AcÅÕÁ abasthaa condone, excuse ñbÁ ±mÁ ksamaa karaa conduct, behaviour zu ‘zi®íp path
pradarshan; Aa¶mt aacaran; cºcãam byabahaar to conduct one's life ¸dcp nazp ±mÁ jiiban yaapan karaa confectionery sbøapÐ mistaann; sb«qapÐ mistaann conference Aaj¬a¶pÁ aalocanaa; \jBÂ¬p sammelan to confess \Ãd±am ±mÁ sviikaar karaa confession \Ãd±„sy sviikrriti confident Asysc®Ãa\d atibishvaasii; \fspsô¶y sunishcita; AaÅÕÁ spj½ aasthaa niye confidence AaÅÕÁ aasthaa to confirm \‘zbat ±mÁ sapramaan karaa [See Esther 2:23 for this unusual Bengali word.] to confront, face boldly \BÂf²dp ãL½Á sammukhiin haoyaa to confront, bring to issue bfj²abfs² AapÁ mukhomukhi aanaa to confront, to oppose, face sczmdy sij± ua±Á bipariita dike thaakaa confused ãycfsÄ hatabuddhi confusion sc®hç²¬Á bishrrinkhalaa; scöasPÙ±m zsmsÅÕsy bibhraantikar paristhiti congratulation Asvpðip abhinandan congregation bÝ¬d mandalii; obí\vÁ dharmasabhaa connection \BÚ±í samparka; \BÃï sambandha; \Èjna³ sanºyog to conquer ¸½ ±mÁ jay karaa conqueror sc¸½d bijayii; sc¸½yÁ bijayataa conquest ¸½ jay
thaake; ¶s¬jy uaj± calite thaake by continuing ¶¬am iÃamÁ calaar dvaaraa continuous êMba³y kramaagata; Ascmy abirata continuously êMba³y vajc kramaagata bhaabe; Ascmy vajc abirata bhaabe contraceptive ³víspjmao± garbhanirodhak contract Aåd±am angiikaar contractor sw±aiam thikaadaar contradiction, logic conflict zmÅÚmscjmaod ±uÁ paraspar-birodhii kathaa contradiction, denial A\Ãd±am asviikaar contrary scmÆÄ biruddha; sczmdy bipariita contrariwise, against Azm zjñ apar pakse; sczmdy zjñ bipariita pakse; sczmdjy bipariite contrast, difference Ëc\aihôî beesaadrrishya contrastingly Jm sczmdjy er bipariite; Ëc\aihôîmÇjz beesaadrrishyaruupe contribution ¶ÏaiÁ c^aadaa control ®a\p shaasan; sp½Pòt niyantran to control ®a\p ±mÁ shaasan karaa; ibp ±mÁ daman karaa; sp½Pòt ±mÁ niyantran karaa controller -±yíÁ (±»íÁ) kartaa (karttaa); sp½Pòt ±yíÁ niyantran kartaa controversial scy±íbg¬± bitarkamuulak convenience Fzjnas³yÁ upayogitaa; \fscoÁ subidhaa conveniently \fscoabjyÁ subidhaamato convention Asojc®p adhibeshan; \jBÂ¬p
sammelan District Convention Ê¸¬Á \jBÂ¬p jelaa sammelan conversation Aaj¬a¶pÁ aalocanaa; ±uaz±up kathaapakathan to convert obíaPÙjm idsñy ±mÁ dharmaantare diiksita karaa; zsmty ±mÁ parinata karaa to convince yj±í zmavgy ±mÁ tarke paraabhuuta karaa convinced y±í zmavgy tarka paraabhuuta; \fspsô¶y sunishcita; ihR‘zyº½d drrirhapratyayii convincing sc®Ãa\¸p± bishbaas-janak cool, cold ®dy¬ shiital; waÝÁ thaandaa to cook something mapÐÁ raannaa; mÏaoÁ r^aadhaa; mïp ±mÁ randhan karaa to co-operate \ã±amd ãL½Á sahakaarii haoyaa co-operation \ãjnas³yÁ sahayogitaa co-operative \ã±amd sahakaarii; \ãjna³d sahayogii to cope Êba±ajc¬Á ±mÁ mokaabelaa karaa copper yabÁ taamaa copy p±¬ nakal; Apf±mt anukaran; copyist Aoºaz± adhyaapak; s¬sz±am lipikaar cordial AaPÙsm± aantarik cordially AaPÙsm±vajc aantarik-bhaabe corn opºasi ®\º dhanyaadi shasya; ®\º±tÁ shasyakanaa; ³b gam corner-stone ‘zoap svs»-‘zÅÙm pradhaan bhitti-prastar corpse bapfj¿m ®c maanuser shab; ¬a®
laash correct, true sw± thik; \sw± sathik; ëÄ shuddha corrected \Èj®asoy sanºshodhita correction \Èj®aop sanºshodhan correlation zmÅÚm \BÃï paraspar sambandha to corrupt pø ±mÁ nasta karaa; Ûs¿y ±mÁ dusita karaa corrupted igpdísy‘³ÅÙ duurniitigrasta corruption Êia¿ dos; Ëpsy± Acpsy neetik abanati; A\amyÁ asaarataa coruler \ã®a\± sahashaasak cost bg¬º muulya; iab daam; ²m¶ kharac to cost, take up ¬a³Á laagaa How much does it cost? ±y qa±Á ¬aj³? kata taakaa laage? to cough ±a®Á kaashaa counsel Fzji® upadesh; zmab®í paraamaarsha to count [t V9.1] ³tpÁ gananaa; Ê³atpÁ gonanaa counted in account sã\ajc ³sty hisaabe ganita counted, numbered ³sty ganita counted as, creditted as ³sty ãj½j· (ãS½aj·) ganita hayeche (haiyaache) country Êi® desh countryside zlìd AÞ¬ palli ancal couple, pair Ê¸aEÁ joraa couple (married) iBÚsy dampati courage \aã\ saahas course ³sy gati course of study zawºÅgs¶ paathyasuuci
court sc¶ama¬½ bicaaraalay courtyard ‘zaåt praangan; AasåpÁ aanginaa covenant sp½b ¶fs»M niyam cukti cover ra±pÁ dhaakanaa; AaEa¬ aaraal to cover ra±Á dhaakaa; Aaó·asiy ±mÁ aacchaadita karaa covetous Ê¬av lobh cow ³mÆ garu; ³aS gaai; ³avd gaabhii coward vdmÆ bhiiru; vdy› bhiitu to crack, split, tear xaqÁ phaataa craft, skill Ê±à®¬ kooshal craftsman sbÅòd mistrii crafty acts ¶ay›md caaturii cramped Û³íb durgam craving Asv¬a¿ abhilaas crazy FBÂ» ummatta to create \hsø ±mÁ srristi karaa creation \hsø srristi Creator \hsø±»íÁ srristikarttaa creature ¸Pß jantu crept in ãabaÓsE ÊiL½Á haamaaguri deoyaa crime Azmao aparaadh criminal Azmaod aparaadhii; Azmao \BÚ±dí½ aparaadh samparkiiya cripple ¬ºaÈEÁ lanºraa crisis time \È±q±a¬ sanºkatkaal critical, very serious \È±qzgtí critical times sc¿b \b½ bisam samay to criticise ¶¶íÁ ±mÁ carcaa karaa; \baj¬a¶pÁ ±mÁ samaalocanaa karaa crooked cÏa±Á b^aakaa; A\m¬ asaral puurna
crop in field x\¬ phasal cross êfM® krush crow ±a± kaak crowd ¸pyÁ janataa; svE bhir great crowd scmaq ¸pyÁ biraat janataa; scÅÙm Ê¬a± bistar lok crown ma¸bf±‚q raaj-mukut crude ±Ïa¶Á k^aacaa cruel spWfm nisthur cruelty ph®È\yÁ nrrishanºsataa to crumble, go to pieces qf±mÁ qf±mÁ ãL½Á tukaraa tukaraa haoyaa to crumble, make go to pieces qf±mÁ qf±mÁ ±mÁ tukaraa tukaraa karaa crusade obínfÄ dharmayuddha to crush ¶ftí ±mÁ curn karaa to cry, weep ±ÏaiÁ k^aadaa; êMðip ±mÁ krandan karaa to cry out Ê¶Ï¶ajpÁ (Ê¶Ï¶ap+) c^ecaano (c^ecaana); s¶ù±am ±mÁ cit'kaar karaa cryptic mã\º¸p± rahasyajanak; ÓzÙ gupta cryptogram, sign s¶ãM cihna culprit Azmaod cºs»M aparaadhii byakti to cultivate ¶a¿ ±mÁ caas karaa cultivation, tillage ±¿ít karsan culture, historical background KsyN eetihya culture, moral or mental training \ÈÅþ„sy sanºskrriti; ±„sø krristi -culture, tillage -±¿ít -karsan cunning(ness) ogyí dhuurta; ¶y›m catur cup Êz½a¬Á peyaalaa curious Ê±ày›ã¬ kootuhal curiousity Ê±ày›ã¬d kootuhalii
current, flow ‘zcaã prabaah; Ê‘\ay srot current, of that time yù±a¬dp tat'kaaliin to curse Asv®az ÊiL½Á abhishaap deoyaa to curtail \ÈsñzÙ ±mÁ sanºksipta karaa curtain b®asm mashaari; ziíÁ pardaa custom mdsy riiti; ‘zuÁ prathaa; Hsy rriti customs ë¼± shulka to cut, reap ±aqÁ kaataa to cut a way through ÊcsE½Á Aa\Á beriyaa aasaa D Dacca, Dhaka ra±Á dhaakaa Daddy cacÁ baabaa daily Ëisp± deenik; Êma¸ roj; ‘zsy sip prati din of a daily routine Ëipsðip deenandin damage ñsy ksati; Aspø anista; pf±…\ap nuk`saan damp sv¸Á bhijaa to dance pa¶Á naacaa; phyº ±mÁ nrritya karaa danger sczi bipad dangerous sczæ¸p± bipajjanak; ²ym-pa± khatar-naak dark Aï±am andhakaar; Aaj¬aãdp aalohiin darling s‘z½ priya; s‘z½zaê priyapaatra date (of time) [Grammar 58.2] yasm² taarikh date (to eat) Ê²¸fm khejur out of date Ê\j±j¬ sekele up to date Aaofsp± aadhunik dating back to \b½±a¬dp samay-kaaliin daughter Êbj½ meye; ±jðî kanye; ±pºÁ kanyaa
daughters of men (human daughters) bpf¿º ±jpºmÁ manusya kanyeraa David ia½gi daayuud dawn Êvam bhor day sip din sic\ dibas day after tomorrow Aa³abd zmë aagaamii parashu day before yesterday ³y zmë gata parashu day to day ‘zyºsã± pratyahik; Ëipsðip deenandin the day after zmc»dí sip parabarttii din the day before zgcíc»dí sip puurbabarttii din the next day ±¬º kalya; ±a¬ kaal Day of Judgement sc¶ajmm sip bicaarer din day's text Aa¸j±m ®aÅòzaw aaj-ker shaastrapaath Monday Ê\abcam som-baar Tuesday bå¬cam mangal-baar Wednesday cfocam budh-baar Thursday chãÅÚsycam brrihaspatibaar Friday ëêMcam shukrabaar Saturday ®spcam shanibaar Sunday msccam ravibaar; Kycam eetabaar dazzled bfú¤ mugdha dead bhy mrrita; ³syãdp gatihiin; bjm s³j½ mare giye deaf csom badhir dealings actions cºcãam byabahaar; ±aní±¬az (±aníº±¬az) kaaryakalaap (kaaryyakalaap) dear, cherished s‘z½ priya dear, expensive bãå mahanga; bå manga
death bhy›º mrrityu; scpa® binaash death-sentence bhy›ºiÝ mrrityudanda debility Ûcí¬yÁ durbalataa debt Ht rrin; ia½ daay; oam dhaar decade i\± deceit, trickery ‘zcÞpÁ prabancanaa deceit, hypocrisy ±zqyÁ kapatataa deceitful ²¬ khal; ogyí dhuurta to deceive ‘zyamtÁ ±mÁ prataaranaa karaa; wa±ajpÁ (w±ap+) thakaano (thakaana); xÏas± ÊiL½Á ph^aaki deoyaa to be deceived w±Á thakaa arch deceiver bãÁ ‘zyam± mahaa prataarak decency v‘iyÁ bhadrataa; s®øa¶am shistaacaar deception ‘zcÞpÁ prabancanaa; ¶ay›md caaturii; ·¬apÁ chalanaa to decide s\ÄaPÙ ±mÁ siddhaanta karaa; s\ÄaPÙ ÊpL½Á siddhaanta neoyaa decimal i®sb± dashamik decision s\ÄaPÙ siddhaanta; bdbaÈ\ miimaanºsaa; spÅÚs» nispatti declaration Ê´a¿tÁ ghosanaa declaring, proclaiming, accepting \Ãd±am±amd sviikaar-kaarii to decrease ±bÁ kamaa; ±jb (±sb½Á) naL½Á kame (kamiyaa) yaaoyaa to dedicate Fù\³í ±mÁ ut'saarga karaa; Fù\s³í±„y ±mÁ ut'sargikrrita karaa dedication Fù\³í ut'sarga; Fù\s³í±mt ut'sargikaran to deduce sptí½ ±mÁ nirnay karaa to define \È¡as½y ±mÁ sanºjnaayita
["sanºgyaayita"] karaa defined \È¡as½y sanºjnaayita ["sanºgyaayita"] deed, act ±a¸ kaaj; ±aní (±aníº) kaarya (kaaryya) deed document is¬¬ dalil deep ³vdm gabhir to deepen ³vdmym ±mÁ gabhiiratar karaa deer ãsmt harin defeat zma¸½ paraajay; zmas¸y ±mÁ (paraajita karaa); ãam haar defeated zmas¸y paraajita; zmaÅÙ paraasta defence ‘zsymñÁ pratiraksaa; zñ \buíp paksa samarthan to defer Êxs¬½Á ma²Á pheliyaa raaksaa deficiency Avac abhaab defiled ±¬fs¿y kalusita to define (limit or meaning) (\dbÁ cÁ Auí) spmÆzt ±mÁ (siimaa baa artha) nirupan karaa definite spséíø nirddista to defraud ‘zcÞpÁ ±mÁ prabancanaa karaa degradation Ao@zyp adhahh-patan delay Êimd derii; sc¬BÃ bilamba without delay Asc¬jBÃ abilambe to delay, run late Êimd ±mÁ derii karaa to delay, postpone ÅÕs³y ma²Á sthagita raakhaa; \smj½ ma²Á sariye raakhaa to deliberate s¶PÙÁ ±mÁ cintaa karaa; scjc¶pÁ ±mÁ bibecanaa karaa deliberate, intentional, purposeful Fjéôî ‘zjtasiy uddeshya pranadita; Ê\Ãó·azgCÃí± (Ê\Ãó·azgcí±)
svecchaapurbbak (svecchaapuurbak) deliberately, knowingly ¸apÁ ¸asp jaanaa jaani; Só¶a±„y vajc icchaa-krrita bhaabe deliberately, thoughtfully s¶PÙÁ ±jm (±sm½Á) cintaa kare (kariyaa) delicate, finely made bjpaãm manohar delicate, frail Ûcí¬ durbal delicate, fine, narrow s¶±p cikan delight Aajbai aamod to delight in -Jm \sãy ‘zt½ ±mÁ -er sahit pranay karaa delightful zmb Aapði¸p± param aanandajanak; Aapðiia½± aanandadaayak to deliver, to free bf»M ±mÁ mukta karaa; FÄam ±mÁ uddhaar karaa deliverance bfs»M mukti deluge ¸¬zÌacp jal-plaaban to deluge AazÌascy ±mÁ aaplaabita karaa demand ¶asãiÁ caahidaa to demand, ask s¸j¡\ (s¸¡a\Á) ±mÁ jijnes [“jigyesh”] (jijnaasaa [“jigyaasaa”]) karaa to demand as a claim iasc ±mÁ daabi karaa to demand, require ¶aL½Á caaoyaa democracy ³tyPò ganatantra demon vgy bhuuta; Ëiyº deetya; sz®a¶ pishaac demonstration, display ‘zi®íp pradarshan denarius s\s± siki dentist iPÙ-s¶s±ù\± danta-cikit'sak to deny A\Ãd±am ±mÁ asviikaar karaa to depart mLpÁ (mL½apÁ) ãL½Á raonaa (raoyaanaa) haoyaa; ‘zÅÕap ±mÁ prasthaan karaa
departing mLpÁ (mL½apÁ) raonaa (raoyaanaa) departure ‘zÅÕap prasthaan; departing mLpÁ (mL½apÁ) raonaa (raoyaanaa) to depend spvím ±mÁ nirbhar karaa dependable spvím®d¬ nirbhar-shiil to depict s¶sêy ±mÁ citrita karaa depopulated ¸p®gðî janashuunya to depopulate ¸p®gðî ±mÁ janashuunya karaa to depreciate bg¬º ±bajpÁ (±bap+) muulya kamaano (kamaana) depression Ac\ai abasaad; FiºbãdpyÁ udyam-hiinataa to deprive, take from scnf»M ±mÁ biyukta karaa to deprive, bereave of csÞy ±mÁ bancita karaa depth ³vdmyÁ gabhiirataa deputy, representative ‘zsyspso pratinidhi; Fz- upa- to descend Fzpdy ãL½Á upaniita haoyaa; Êpjb (pasb½Á) Aa\Á neme (naamiyaa) aasaa to be descended Êpjb (pasb½Á)ãL½Á neme (naamiyaa) haoyaa descendant cÈ®om banºshadhar; szyŸj¬a± pitrrilok descending spBÐ³abd nimnagaamii to describe ctípÁ ±mÁ barnanaa karaa; cstíy ±mÁ barnita karaa description ctípÁ barnanaa; sccmt bibaran desert bmÆvgsb marubhuumi deserved, due, payable obtainable ‘zazº
praapya deserving Fznf»M upayukta to design AÏa±Á aa^kaa; p±Î®Á ±mÁ nak'shaa karaa to design, form idea zsm±lÚpÁ ±mÁ parikalpanaa karaa designed zsm±slÚy parikalpita designer zsm±lÚ± parikalpak desire, urge Só·Á icchaa; caÞÁ baancaa; casÞy cÅß baancita bastu; ±abpÁ kaamanaa; Aa±aç²Á aakaankhaa; Asv¬a¿ abhilaas to desire Só·Á ±mÁ icchaa karaa; caÞÁ ±mÁ baancaa karaa; ±abpÁ ±mÁ kaamanaa karaa to despair ãya® cÁ spma® ãL½Á hataash baa niraash haoyaa desperate Ëpmaôî neeraashya; Û³íaPÙ durgaanta to despise Ac¡Á ±mÁ abajnaa ["obogyaa"] karaa; sciÍÇz ±mÁ bidruup karaa despite \j»¢L sattve-o destiny, fate va³º bhaagya; ¬ñº laksya to destroy O¢È\ ±mÁ dhvanºsa karaa; scpa® ±mÁ binaash karaa; scpø ±mÁ binasta karaa destruction O¢È\ dhvanºsa; scpa® binaash; pa® naash destructive scO¢È\d bidhvanºsii; O¢È\aYÂ± dhvanºsaatmak detail zfç²apfzfç² punkhaanupunka in detail zfç²apfzfç²mÇjz punkhaanupunkharuupe; sc®aivajc bishaad-bhaabe to detail, describe in detail
zfç²apfzfç²mÇjz ctípÁ ±mÁ punkhaanupunkharuupe barnanaa karaa details sccmt bibaran determination \È±lÚ sanºkalpa devastating scO¢È\d bidhvanºsii devastation Fùzaqp ut'paatan; scO¢È\ bidhvanºsa development FpÐ½p unnayan; êMbsc±a® kramabikaash device, craft, skill Ê±à®¬ kooshal devil [slanderer] si½ac¬ [Azcai±] diyaabal [apabaadak] devoid ëðî shunya; -ãdp -hiin; cs¸íy barjita to devote Fù\³í ±mÁ ut'sarga karaa; bjpaspjc® ±mÁ manonibesh karaa devoted to, -ish -zm -par devotion Fù\³í ut'sarga; Fza\pÁ upaasanaa exacting exclusive devotion \Ãj³àmc mñjt FiÎjna³d svagoorab raksane ud'yogii godly devotion D®Ãmd½ vs»M iishvariiya bhakti with godly devotion D®Ãmd½ vs»M \ã±ajm iishvariiya bhakti sahakaare to devour ‘³a\ ±mÁ graas karaa dew s®s®m shishir dialect ÅÕapd½ va¿Á sthaaniiya bhaasaa Dhaka, Dacca ra±Á dhaakaa diarrhoea Fimab½ udaraamay dictionary ®CÉj±a¿ shabdakos; Asvoap abhidaan to die bmÁ maraa; bsm½Á naL½Á mariyaa yaaoyaa; ‘zatyºa³ ±mÁ karaa difference zauí±º paarthakya; Akp±º tyaag
aneekya different, various svpÐ bhinna; scsvpÐ bibhinna; zhu± prrithak difficult ±swp kathin; ±ø±m kastakar; ®»M shakta dignified Aaimpd½ aadaraniiya dignity \BÂap sammaan; bap maan dilemma Fv½-\È±q ubhay-sanºkat diligence zsm‘®b parishram; Aoºc\a½ adhyabasaay diligent ‘®b®d¬ shramashiil; zsm‘®bd parishramii dim ñdt ksiina dinner Êva¸ bhoj evening dinner majym Êva¸ raater bhoj diplomat ±ƒqpdsysciÎ kuutniitivid` direct Ê\a¸Á sojaa; ‘zyºñ pratyaksa to direct zsm¶a¬pÁ ±mÁ paricaalanaa directly created \ma\sm \hø saraasari srrista direction, way ¬ñº laksya; si±Î dik' direction, instruction Aaji® aadesh; Aa¡Á aajnaa [“aagyaa”] direction, control zsm¶a¬pÁ paricaalanaa; spjéí®pÁ nirddeshanaa directive spjéí® nirddesh director zsm¶a¬± paricaalak; FzjiøÁ upadestaa dirt ÊpaÈmÁ nonºraa; pÈmÁ nanºraa; ÊpaÈ‘³Á nonºgraa disagreement Asb¬ amil; byjvi matabhed disappearance APÙoíap antardhaan; syjmavac tirobhaab disappointed ãya® hataash
to disobey Acaoº ãL½Á abaadhya haoyaa; Abaðî ±mÁ amaanya karaa disorder sc®hç²¬Á bishrrinkhalaa; Ê³a¬jna³ golayog display ‘zi®íp ±mÁ pradarshan karaa disposition of mind bjpavac manobhaab disruption scjó·i bicched; A®asPÙ ashaanti distance igmYÃ duuratva distance from Acso abadhi distant igmc»dí duurabarttii distinction zauí±º paarthakya distress naypÁ yaatanaa; AyºPÙ Êû±¿ atyanta kles; iasm‘iº daaridrya to distribute scsÅòy ±mÁ distribution scymt bitaran; cTqp bantan; scsÅòsy bistriti district Ê¸¬Á jelaa; s¸¬Á jilaa District Convention Ê¸¬Á Asojc®p jelaa adhibeshan disturbance A®asPÙ ashaanti diverse scsco bibidha to divide zhu± ±mÁ prrithak karaa; va³ ±mÁ bhaag karaa dividing work scv»M±mjtm ±a¸ bibhaktakaraner kaaj divine, godly Ks®± eeshik divine, heavenly \Ã³dí½ svargiiya division, department scva³ bibhaag division, breakdown scjó·i bicched divisions, factions i¬ais¬ dalaadali to dive efc ÊiL½Á dub deoyaa; efcÁ dubaa divorce sccaãyºa³ bibaah-tyaag; sccaã scjó·i bibaah bicched
to do ±mÁ karaa to cause to do, to make happen ±majpÁ (±map+) karaano (karaana) to do away with \smj½ (\maS½Á) ±mÁ sariye (saraaiyaa) karaa doctor ea»MamÎ daaktaar'; s¶s±ù\± cikit'sak doctrine bycai matabaad document is¬¬ dalil doer of ... ..-±yíÁ (-±»íÁ) dog ±‚±‚m kukur doing... ..-±amd ...kaarii doll zfy›¬ putul dominance Asozyº adhipatya dominant ‘zc¬ prabal to dominate ±yŸíYÃ (±»ŸíYÃ) ±mÁ kartrritva (kartrritva) karaa dominated ±yŸíYÃaodp kartrrivaadhiin domination Asozyº adhipatya donation ¶ÏaiÁ c^aadaa; iap daan done ...-±„y ...-krrita done by [S22, 23] ... ±yŸí± (±»Ÿí±) (karttrrik) donkey ³iív gardabh; ³aoÁ gaadhaa donor -iayÁ -daataa doomed, predetermined zgcíspoíasmy puurbanirdhaarita door im¸Á darajaa double siÃÓt dvigun; Ê¸aEÁ joraa doubt \jðiã sandeh dove ±cfym kabutar; ±jzay kapot down spBÐ nimna; pdj¶ niice to cast down spsñzÙ ±mÁ niksipta karaa
to fall down in awe vgsbW ãL½Á bhuumistha haoyaa downwards spBÐsij± nimnadike; zyjpm sij± pataner dike dragon pa³ naag drain piíbÁ nardamaa drainage zasp spÑþa®p paani niskaashan drama paq± naatak dramatically paq±d½vajc naatakiiyabhaabe to draw, derive, obtain A¸íp ±mÁ arjan karaa to draw, pull, attract Aa±¿ít ±mÁ aakarsan karaa dream \ÃzÐ svapna dress Êza®a± poshaak; Êc® besh to dress, put on zsmoap ±mÁ paridhaan karaa; \sæ¸y ±mÁ sajjita karaa to drink zap ±mÁ paan karaa to drink tea ¶Á ²aL½Á caa khaaoyaa drinking water ²acam zasp khaabaar paani; zasp½ ¸¬ paaniiya jal to drive, make move ¶a¬ajpÁ (¶a¬ap+) caalaano (caalaana) driven zsm¶as¬y paricaalita driven away ¶as¬y caalita driver ¶a¬± caalak (tear) drop (A‘®Æ)scðÛ (ashru)bindu drop of blood m»MscðÛ raktabindu drought Apachsø anaabrristi drug, medicine è¿o oosadh; Êp®Á neshaa; Êp®a±m L¿fo neshaakar osudha drunk baya¬ maataal dry ëÑþ shuska; ë±pÁ shukanaa; ë±jpÁ
shukano; ë±Á shukaa dual case sIÃc¶p dvivacan dumb ÊcacÁ bobaa dummy zfy›¬ putul dung Ê³acm gobar duration sÅÕsy±a¬ sthitikaal during osm½Á dhariyaa; cºasz½Á byaapiyaa dusk \ïºÁ sandhyaa dust ofs¬ dhuli; ÓEÁ guraa dust of the ground bhs»±am ogs¬ mrrittikaar dhuuli duty as responsibility ±yícº (±»ícº) kartabya (karttabya) duty as tax ë¼± shulka dwelling ca\ÅÕap baasasthaan; FzscW upabistha dwelling place spca\ nibaas dysentery m»Maba®½ raktaamaashay; Aaba®Á aamaashaa E each ‘zjyº± pratyek; ‘zsy prati eager Fù\f± ut'suk; cº‘³ byagra; Aa‘³ãd aagrahii; K±asPÙ±d eekaantikii; Aodm adhiir eagerness Fù\aã ut'saaha; Aa‘³ã aagraha; ¬a¬\Á laalasaa eagle D³¬ zñd iigal paksii ear ±¬ kal; ±tí karna; ±ap kaan ear-tickling ±ap¶f¬±asp kaan-cul-kaani early \±a¬ \±a¬ sakaal sakaal; Aaj³ aage earth zhsucd prrithibii earthly zhsucdÅÙ prrithibiista earthquake vgsb±BÚ bhuumikampa
ease Aamab aaraam; scmab biraam east zgcí (zgCÃí) puurba (puurbba); zgcísi±Î (zgCÃísi±Î) puurbadik' (puurbbadik'); ‘za¶ºji® praacyadesh easy \ã¸ sahaj to eat Aaãam ±mÁ aahaar karaa; ²aL½a khaaoyaa to eat up Ê²j½ Êx¬Á kheye phelaa eccentric ²abj²½s¬zgtí economical, of economics, financial Auíkpsy± arthaneetik economics AuísciºÁ arthabidyaa; Auípdsy arthaniiti -ed, done -±„y -krrita edge oam dhaar; s±pamÁ kinaaraa edible ²aiº khaadya; vñpd½ bhaksaniiya edition \ÈÅþmt sanºskaran editor \BÚai± sampaadak education s®ñÁ shiksaa; Ê¬²Á zEÁ lekhaa paraa effect x¬ phal; ‘zvac prabhaab; x¬ax¬ phalaaphal effective x¬‘zi phalaprad; ±aní±amd (±aníº±amd) kaaryakaarii (kaaryyakaarii) effectively cÅßy@ bastutahh effort Ê¶øÁ cestaa; Ê¶«qÁ cestaa; ‘zj¶øÁ pracestaa; ‘zj¶«qÁ pracestaa egg sebÎ dim' Egyptian sb®m Êi®d½ mishar deshiiya; sb‘\d½ misriiya eight Aaq aat eighth Aøb astam either, or AucÁ athabaa
abasthaa; ¸mÆsm jaruri emergent, urgent ¸mÆmd jarurii emigrant ‘zca\d cºs»M prabaasii byakti world empire of false religion sbuºÁ ojbím sc®Ã \a‘ba¸º mithyaa dhaarmer bishbasaamraajya emotion vajcm Aajc³ bhaaber aabeg; Aajc³ aabeg; ‘zctyÁ prabanataa emotional Aajc³b½ aabegamay emperor \‘baq samraat emphatic Ê¸amaj¬Á joraalo empire \a‘ba¸º saamrajya employee ±bí¶amd karmacaarii; ¶a±‚jm cakure to employ, use cºcãam ±mÁ byabahaar karaa; ±aj¸ ‘zj½a³ ±mÁ kaaje prayog karaa employment ±ajní (±ajníº) spj½a³ kaarye (kaaryye) niyog empty ²as¬ khaali; ®gðî shuunya enable \ñb ±mÁ saksam karaa; ¶a¬ajpÁ (¶a¬ap+) caalaano (caalaana) to encircle the globe sc®ÃzsmêMbÁ ±mÁ bishvaparakramaa karaa encouragement Fù\aã ut'saaha end Ê®¿ shes; \bazÙ samaapt ending \baszÙ samaapti endless, unending spyº nitya; ApPÙ ananta; Ascmab abiraam; Aj®¿ ashes endless, limitless \dbaãdp siimaahiin endlessly ApPÙ vajc ananta bhaabe to endure \ãº (\N) ±mÁ sahya (sahya) [“sajja”] karaa; Êva³ ±mÁ bhog karaa endurance sÅÕsy sthiti; \sã©‚yÁ sahisnutaa; Ëoní (Ëoníº) dheerya
(dheeryya) enduring, firm sÅÕm sthir; ihR drrirha enemy ®êÆ shatru energy ®s»M shakti; scifºy bidyut to engage in marriage or in work AacÄ ±mÁ abaddha karaa engagement for marriage Aåd±am angiikaar engagement for employment spj½a³ niyog engine ±¬ kal engineer ‘zj±à®¬d prakooshalii engineering nPòsciºÁ yantrabidyaa; ±asm³asm sciºÁ kaarigaari bidyaa English language SÈjm¸d va¿Á inºrejii bhaasaa English person SÈjm¸ inºrej; SÈma¸ inºraaj to be engrossed in ·›qÁ chutaa engulfed Aaó·pÐ aacchanna to enhance casoíy ±mÁ baardhita karaa; Êya¬Á tolaa to enjoy Fzjva³ ±mÁ upabhog karaa enjoyment Aajbai aamod to enlarge chsÄ ±mÁ brriddhi karaa to enlighten s®ñÁ ÊiL½Á shiksaa deoyaa; Aaj¬a±zay ±mÁ aalok-paat karaa enlightening siszÙb½ diptimay enlightenment Aaj¬a± aalok enmity ®êÆyÁ shatrutaa enormous scmaq biraat; sc®a¬ bishaal; ‘z¶fm pracur enough nju¯q, njuø yathesta; ‘za¶f½í (‘za¶fníº) praacurya (praacuryya) enslavement c®d±„sy bashiikrriti to ensure spsô¶y ±mÁ nishcita karaa
yuddher sajjaa equipment, spiritual suit of armour obí (oBÂí) nfjÄm \æ¸Á dharma (dharmma) yuddher sajjaa equivalent \by›¬º samatulya; \b±ñ samakaksa -er, -ist, -monger -L½a¬Á -oyaalaa -er, more: [see Study 55] -ym -tar; AamL ... aar-o ... era nf³ yug; ACÉ abda; Aab¬ aamal to erase bfj· (bf·aS½Á) ÊiL½Á muche (muchaaiyaa) deoyaa; bfj· (bf·aS½Á) Êx¬Á muche (muchaaiyaa) phelaa erect ²aEÁ khaaraa to erect spbíat (spBÂíat) ±mÁ nirmaan (nirmmaan) karaa; Fj»a¬p ±mÁ uttolan karaa error, mistake vf¬ bhul error, sin against God Azmao aparaadh to escape bf»M ãL½Á mukta haoyaa; z¬a½p ±mÁ palaayan karaa; mñÁ ±mÁ raksaa karaa especially ‘zoapy@ pradhaanatahha; scj®¿ vajc bishes bhaabe essential Ayºacôî± atyaabashyak -est, most: [see Study 55] -yb -tam; \cj¶j½ sab-ceye; \±¬ Êuj± sakal theke; \±¬ ãjy (ãSjy) sakal hate (haite) to establish ÅÕazp ±mÁ sthaapan karaa; ‘zsysøy ±mÁ pratistita karaa to estimate ³tpÁ ±mÁ gananaa karaa eternal \payp sanaatan; spyº nitya eternity ApPÙ±a¬ anantakaal; spyºyÁ nityataa
exclusively \BÚgtímÇjz sampuurnaruupe excruciating nPòpaia½± yantradaayak to excuse ñbÁ ±mÁ ksamaa karaa; bax ±mÁ maaph karaa to execute \BÚaip ±mÁ sampaadan karaa execution, performance spÅÚs» nispatti to exercise in faith or work Apf®d¬p ±mÁ anushiilan karaa; ¶¶íÁ ±mÁ carcaa karaa to exercise physically cºa½ab ±mÁ byaayaam karaa exertion of self ‘zatzt praan-pan exhausted sp@j®s¿y nihhashesita; û±aPÙ klaanta to exhibit Êi²ajpÁ (Êi²ap+) dekhaano (dekhaana) exhibiting ‘zi®ípd½ pradarshaniiya exhibition ‘zi®ípd½ pradarshaniiya to exhort FiÃfÄ ±mÁ udvuddha karaa; ‘zjtasiy ±mÁ pranodita karaa exile spcía\p nirbaasan to exist [see below] ãL½Á haoyaa ... exists, is in place Aaj· aache; yam (yaãam) AsÅÙYÃ Aaj· taar (taahaar) astitva aache ... exists, goes on mj½j· rayeche ... exists not, is not in place ÊpS (paS) nei (naai) existence AsÅÙYÃ astitva exit ‘zÅÕajpm zu prasthaaner path; casãm baahir exoneration bfs»M mukti to expand, make larger scÅÙŸy ±mÁ bistrrita karaa; scÅÙasmy ±mÁ bistaarita karaa
to expand, be made larger ‘z\am¬av ±mÁ prasaar-laabh karaa expansion ‘z\amt prasaaran; \b‘z\amp samaprasaaran; scÅÙamp bistaaran to expect Aa®Á ±mÁ aashaa karaa; AjzñÁ ±mÁ apeksaa karaa; ‘zydñÁ ±mÁ pratiiksaa karaa to expel yasEj½ (yaEaS½Á) ÊiL½Á taariye (taaraaiyaa) deoyaa; csãÅþ„y ±mÁ bahiskrrita karaa to expend cº½ ±mÁ byaay karaa expense ²m¶ kharac experience Asv¡yÁ abhijnataa ["abhigyataa"] experienced Asv¡ abhijna ["abhigya"] experiment, test, examination zmdñÁ pariiksaa expert, skilled iñ daksa; scj®¿¡ bishesajna ["bishesagya"] to expire, die bjm (bsm½Á) naL½Á mare (mariyaa) yaaoyaa to expire, finish, come to an end Ê®¿ ãL½Á shes haoyaa; expiry Ac\ap abasaan; Ê®¿ shes to explain cºa²ºÁ ±mÁ byaakhyaa karaa; ctípÁ ±mÁ barnanaa karaa explanation cºa²ºÁ byaakhyaa; Auí artha; Ë±sx½ù keephiyat' to exploit weakness Ûcí¬yam (ÛCÃí¬yam) \fjna³ ÊpL½Á durbbalataar (durbalataar) suyog neoyaa exploitation Ê®a¿t shosan explosion scj«xamt bisphoran to export mzÙapd ±mÁ raptaanii karaa to expose Apachy ±mÁ anaabrrita karaa
to express cº»M ±mÁ byakta karaa; ‘z±a® ±mÁ prakaash karaa express, rapid iÍÆy³abd drutagaamii expression vac bhaab; cºªpÁ byanjanaa; Asvcºs»M abhibyakti to extend scÅÙŸy ±mÁ bistrrita karaa; scÅÙasmy ±mÁ bistaarita karaa extended, offered scÅÙŸy bistrrita; scÅÙasmy bistaarita external casãº± baahyik extinguisher spcíaz± (spCÃíaz±) nirbaapak (nirbbaapak) extra Asysm»M atirikta extraordinary A\aoamt asaadhaaran; AIÖgy adbhuut extreme, to the limit Ê®¿ \dba½ shes siimaay; ¶mb \dba½ caram siimaay extremely, very very AyºPÙ atyanta; Asy- ati- extremely, to extremes, excessively, O. T. T. (over the top) Asybaêa½ atimaatraay extremity, extreme, crisis Ê®¿ \dbÁ shes siimaa; ¶mb \dbÁ caram siimaa to exult Flìas\y ãL½Á ullaasita haoyaa; Flìa\ ±mÁ ullaas karaa; Aapði ±mÁ aananda karaa eye ¶ñf caksu; Êpê netra; AÏa² aa^kh eyeball ¶ñ‚j³a¬± caksugolak eye-sight ihsø®s»M drristishakti eye-witness ‘zyºñi®dí pratyaksa-darshii F face bf² mukh, bf²bÝ¬ mukh-mandal to face bfj²abfs² ãL½Á mukhomukhi haoyaa
to face up to Êba±asc¬Á (Êba±ajc¬Á) ±mÁ mokaabilaa (mokaabelaa) karaa faced with -Jm \BÂf²dp -er sammukhiin fact caÅÙc baastab; yuº tathya; \yº satya; ´qpÁ ghatanaa facts Aa\¬ \yºqÁ aasal satyataa factory ±am²apÁ kaarakhaanaa in factions i¬ais¬ dalaadali factual caÅÙsc± baastabik; Aa\¬ aasal to fail spma® ±mÁ niraash karaa; cºuí ãL½Á byartha haoyaa failing cºuí byartha to be failing to do ±smjy A±„y±aní (A±„y±aníº) ãL½Á karite akrritakaarya (akrritakaaryya) haoyaa failure cºauíyÁ vyaarthataa; v›¬êÆsq bhul-truti faith sc®Ãa\ bishbaas faithful sc®Ãa\d bishbaasii; sc®ÃÅÙ bishbassta; sc®a\º vishaasya faithfulness sc®ÃÅÙyÁ bishbastataa fall zyp patan to fall zEÁ paraa to fall down in awe vgsbW ãL½Á bhuumistha haoyaa fallen flesh As\Ä baÈs\± Êiã asiddha maanºsik deha falling short of the glory Ê³àmc-scãdp goorab-bihiin false sbuºÁ mithyaa; vf¬ bhul; va»M bhaakta false prophets va»M vaccaid³t bhaakta bhaababaadiigan false religion sbuºÁ obí mithyaa dharma
falsehood sbuºÁ mithyaa familiar zsms¶y paricita famine Ûsvíñ durbhiksa; ²ajiºm Avac khaadyer abhaab family [see Grammar 56.4,56.5] zsmcam paribaar of the family zasmcasm± paaribaarik famous sc²ºay bikhyaat fan za²Á paakhaa fanatic Ê³ÏaEÁ g^oraa; AyºPÙ Fù\aãd atyanta ut'saahii far igm duur; igmcydí (igmc»dí) duurabartii (duurabarttii) far and wide igmigmajPÙ duur-duuraante faraway place igmji® duur-desh fare vaEÁ bhaaraa farewell scia½ Asvpðip bidaay abhinandan farm ±„s¿jñê krrisiksetra farmer ±„¿± krrisak; ¶a¿d caasii farmhouse, farmyard ²abam khaamaar Farsi xma\d pharaasii farther igmym duuratar; AamL Aso± igjm aar-o adhik duure fashion mdsy riiti; zÄsy paddhati; Aa±„sy aakrriti fast, quick yaEÁ yasE taaraa taari; ‘iÆy druta; ‘iÆy³abd drutagaamii fast, firm ihR drrirh fasting Fzca\ upabaas; Êma¸Á rojaa; Apaãam anaahaar fat, obeise ÊbaqÁ motaa; baÈ\¬ maanºsal fat, oily ¶scí carbi fatal \aÈ´asy± saanºghaatik; bamaYš±
to feed ²aL½ajpÁ (²aL½ap+) khaaoyaano (khaaoyaana); Aaãam ±map+ (±majpÁ) aahaar karaana (karaano) to feel, sense Apfvc ±mÁ anubhab karaa to feel, touch ¬a³ap+ (¬a³ajpÁ) laagaana (laagaano); ÅÚ®í ±mÁ sparsha karaa to feel, be felt, strike as ¬a³Á laagaa it feels good va¬ ¬aj³ bhaala laage fear is felt v½ ¬aj³ bhay laage feeling experienced Apfvgsy anubhuuti; Apfvc anubhab feeling expressed, influence Apfvac anubhaab fellow \åd sangii; \vº sabhya fellow- \ã- sah-; \b- sam- fellow religionists \bobdí Ê¬aj±mÁ samadharmii lokeraa fellow believers \ãsc®Ãa\dmÁ fellowship cï‚YÃ bandhutva; cï‚»¢ bandhuttva; chs» brritti female bsã¬Á mahilaa; pamd naarii; Åòd strii feminine Åòd¸asy½ striijaatiya fertile Fcím (FCÃím) urbar (urbbar) festival Fù\c ut'sab to fetch AapÁ aanaa fever æ¢m jvar few AlÚ alpa; \abaðî saamaanya few in number AlÚ \È²º± alpa sanºkhyak fiance ca³Îi» zfmÆ¿ baag'datta purus fiancee ca³Îi»Á pamd baag'datta naarii fidelity sc®ÃÅÙyÁ bishbastataa field Êñê ksetra; Êñy kset; baw maath
fire catches on As³Ð ¬aj³ agni laage to set fire to AaÓp omajpÁ (omap+) aagun dharaano (dharaana) fire-extinguisher As³Ðspcíaz± nPò agninirbaapak yantra firm, hard ±swp kathin; ihR drrirh firm, lasting sÅÕm sthir; ihR drrirh first, ordinary ordinal ‘zub pratham first in dates z½¬Á payalaa first born ‘zub ¸ay pratham jaata first part As‘³baÈ® agrimaanºsha firstly ‘zuby@ prathamatahh; Aaj³ aage fish ba· maach fisher -man(-woman) Ê¸j¬ (-pd) jele(-nii) fit, suitable Fznf»M upayukta; Êna³º yogya; Fs¶ù ucit' fit for -Êna³º -yogya to fit ¬a³Á laagaa it fits here J²ajp ¬aj³ ekhaane laage fitness, compliance Êna³ºyÁ yogyataa fitting \bfs¶y samucit flag zya±Á pataakaa; sp®ap nishaan flame As³Ðs®²Á agnishikhaa to flash ¶b±ajpÁ (¶b±ap+) camakaano (camakaana) flat ¶ºaZqÁ cyaaptaa; \by¬ samatal a flattish ... [S21] -²apÁ -khaanaa; -²asp flavour ³ï gandha; Aa\Ãaip aasvaadan flea ±dq-scj®¿ kiit-bishes to flee, dissipate ã÷a\ ãL½Á hraas haoyaa to flee, escape z¬a½p ±mÁ palaayan karaa flesh baÈ\ maanºsa in the flesh baÈj\ maanºse
flexible pbpd½ namaniiya; scpdy biniita; p‘b®d¬ namra-shiil flight F¥½p uddayan flock of sheep zaj¬mÁ paaleraa; Êb¿-za¬ mes-paal flood zÌacp plaaban; ¸¬zÌacp jal-plaaban floor Êbj¹ mejhe flora ³a·za¬Á gaach-paalaa flour b½iÁ mayadaa; AaqÁ aataa to flow ‘zcasãy ãL½Á prabaahita haoyaa; ¶¬a¶¬ ±mÁ calaacal karaa flower x‚¬ phul flu SpÎûx‚j½ªÁ in'phluyenjaa fluent ca±Îzqf baak'patu fly bas· maachi to fly FEÁ uraa; FjE (FsE½Á) naL½Á ure (uriyaa) yaaoyaa to let fly, squander FsEj½ (FEaS½Á) ÊiL½Á uriye (uraaiyaa) deoyaa flying FEPÙ uranta; F¥½p uddayan foe ®êÆ shatru fog ±‚½a®Á kuyaashaa fold, ply vÏa¸ bh^aaj; Aas¬åt aalingan to follow, apply ¬a³ajpÁ (¬a³ap+) laagaano (laagaana) to follow, maintain, obey za¬p ±mÁ paalan karaa; Apf\mt ±mÁ anusaran karaa; Êbjp (basp½Á) ¶¬Á mene (maaniyaa) calaa to follow, understand Auí Êca¹Á arthaa bojhaa; cf¹Á bujhaa follower, disciple Apf³abd anugaamii; s®¿º shisya; Apf¶m anucar; -caid -baadii following, next zmcydí (zmc»dí)
fragile Ûcí¬ (ÛCÃí¬) durbal (durbbal); vçÓm bhangur; ñdt¸dcd ksiin-jiibii frame, shape Aa±am aakaar framework ±aqajbÁ cºcÅÕÁ kaataamo byabasthaa France xma\d pharaasii frankly speaking Ê²a¬a\Á ±jm (±sm½Á) c¬Á kholaasaa kare (kariyaa) balaa fraud, deception ‘zcÞtÁ prabancanaa free, without cost bg¬ºscãdp free, independent \Ãaodp svaadhiin -free -bf»M -mukta to free, deliver bf»M ±mÁ mukta karaa; FÄam ±mÁ uddhaar karaa to free, let loose Ê·jE (·asE½Á) ÊiL½Á chere (chaariyaa) deoyaa freedom bfs»M mukti; \ÃaodpyÁ svaadhiinataa freedom from care ±¬ºat kalyaan `freely', without charge scpÁ bgj¬º binaa muulye; spsoíoa½ (spsÄíoa½) nirdhidhaay (nirddhidhaay) free-will Ê\Ãó·abg¬± svecchaamuulak; \Ãaodp Dó·Á svaadhiin icchaa to freeze ´pdvgy ±mÁ ghaniibhuuta karaa French ‘xað\d phraansii frequently camÈcam baaranºbaar; Avºa\by abhyaas-mata fresh \jy¸ satej; \fÅÕ sustha; py›p natun Friday ëêMcam shukrabaar friend cïf bandhu fright vdsy bhiiti to frighten vdy ±mÁ bhiita karaa; AayÈs±y ±mÁ aatanºkita karaa
to get frightened v½ zaL½Á bhay paaoyaa; v½ ²aL½Á bhay khaaoyaa; scã¢¬ ãL½Á bihval haoyaa frigid, cold ®dy¬ shiital; waÝÁ thaandaa frigid, unfeeling §i½ãdp hrriday-hiin frog cºaµ byaan1; cºaÈ byaanº; Êcµ ben1 from Êuj± theke; ãjy (ãSjy) hate (haite); igjm duure from then on yiacso tadaabadhi front \BÂf²va³ sammukh-bhaag; A‘³va³ agrabhaag frontal ‘zyºñ pratyaksa frontal attack ‘zyºñ AaêMbt pratyaksa aakraman frontier \dbÁ siimaa frontier land \dbaPÙ-‘zji® frozen Apaia½d anaadaayii; ¸baqcaoÁ AcÅÕÁ jamaatabaadhaa abasthaa fruit x¬ phal to bear fruit x¬ omÁ phal dharaa fruitage x¬ phal; x¬\bfi½ phal-samudaya; x¬\bgã phal-samuuha fruitful, having many offspring ‘z¸acPÙ prajaabanta fruitful, productive x¬capÎ phalabaan'; x¬aùzaid phalaat'paadii fruitless spÑx¬ nisphal; Apfcím anurbar frustrated ãya®Á hataashaa fuel æ¢a¬apd jvaalaanii to be fulfilled zgtíyÁ ¬av ±mÁ puurnataa laabh karaa fulfillment zsmzgtíyÁ paripuurnataa; zgtíyÁ puurnataa; \baszÙ samaapti pradesh
full zgtí puurna; zsmzgtí paripuurna; zfmÁ puraa full of - -zgtí -puurna; -zpÐ -panna to the full zgtí baêa½ puurna maatraay fullness vsyí bharti fully \BÚgtímÇjz sampuurnaruupe fun, enjoyment Aajbai aamod; yaba®Á taamaashaa; b¸Á majaa fun, ridicule zsmãa\ parihaas function, arrangement ApfWap anusthaan functional ±aníñb kaaryaksam fund bg¬op muul-dhan; yãsc¬ tahabil fundamental ‘zausb± praathamik; Êbàs¬± moolik funeral \baso samaadhi funny b¸am majaar; AIÖgy adbhuut; ãa\º±m haasyakar further, additionally Asysm»M atirikta; yÛzjm tadupare further, more distant igmym duuratar furthest, most distant igmyb duuratama furthest part ‘zaPÙ praanta futile y›ó· tuccha; A\am asaar; spmuí± nirarthak future vsc¿ºù bhabisyat'; vacd bhaabii; Aa³abd aagaamii in future vsc¿ºjy bhabisyate G to gain zaL½Á paaoyaa; Fzjva³ ±mÁ upabhog karaa; ¬av ÊpL½Á laabh neoyaa to gamble ¸f½aj²¬Á juyaakhelaa gambler ¸f½aEd juyaarii game Ê±àyf± kootuk; Ê²¬Á khelaa gang i¬ dal
gangrene z¶Á ´Á pacaa ghaa gap xÏa±Á ph^aakaa garden cÁ³Áp baagaan; Fiºap udyaan gardener bÁ¬d maalii to gargle ±f¬Î±fs¶ ±mÁ kul'kuci karaa garlic m\fp rasun garment Êza¿a± posaak gas ³ºa\ gyaas gate xq± phatak; iÃam dvaar to gather, cause to accumulate, bring together \È‘³ã ±mÁ san0graha karaa; J±sêy ±mÁ ekatrita karaa; ¸bajpÁ (¸bap+) jamaano (jamaana) to gather, come together J±sêy ãL½Á ekatrita haoyaa; \bajcy ãL½Á samaabet haoyaa gathered \vÁÅÙ sabhasta; \sBÂs¬y sammilita gathering \va sabha gem mYÐÁ ratna; Asy bg¬ºcap cÅß ati mulyaban vastu gender s¬å linga gene cÈ®apfêMjbm ±st±Á banºshaanukramer kanikaa genealogy cÈ®acs¬-zê ban0shaabali-patra general \aoamt saadharan generally \aoamty@ saadharanatahh;Êbaqabfsq mataamuti to generate Fùzaip ±mÁ utpaadan karaa; ¸PÂ ÊiL½Á janma deoyaa generation Fùzaip utpaadan; cÈ® ban0sha generosity Fiam udaar generous Fiam®d¬ udaar-shil; bf»MãÅÙ muktahasta; ‘z¶fm pracur
most generous Aydc \i½ atib sadaya generously Fiamvajc udaar-bhaabe Genesis Aasi zfÅÙ± aadi pustak genetics ‘z¸ppsciºÁ prajanan-bidyaa end of the Gentile Times ¸asy³jtm \bj½m Ê®¿ jaatiganer samayer shes gentle p‘b namra; ®ÁPÙ shaanta; bhÛ mrridu; \f®d¬ sushiila; v‘i bhadra gentleman v‘ij¬a± bhadralok; bãa®½ mahaashay gentlewoman bãa®½Á mahaashayaa genuine, true, pure \sw± sathika; A±„sêb akrritrima; nuauí yathaartha genuine, unhypocritical A±zq akapat genuineness, accuracy nuauíyÁ yathaarthataa geographical Êvàj³as¬± bhoogolik; vgj³a¬\BÃïd½ bhuugol-sambandhiiya geography vgj³a¬ bhuugol geological vgy»¢sc¿½± bhuutattvabisayak geology vgy»¢ bhuutattva geometrical ¸ºasbsy± jyaamitik; jyaamiti-bisayak geometry ¸ºasbsy jyaamiti germ AÈ±‚m an0kur; bg¬ muula; ¸dcapf jiibaanu German ¸abíap jaarmaan gesture Aåvåd angabhangii to get zaL½Á paaoyaa to get acted upon, undergo naL½Á yaaoyaa; ãL½Á haoyaa an action [see Passive Voice Study 52] to get down pabÁ naamaa to get up FwÁ uthaa
ghost vgy bhuut giant Ëiyº deetya; A\fm asur gift iap daan; Fzãam upahaar; zsmiap paridaan giggle bf² Ê¶jz (¶asz½Á) ãa\Á mukh cepe (caapiyaa) haasaa to get the giggles ãas\ zaL½Á haasi paaoyaa ginger AaiÁ aadaa girl Êbj½ meye; cas¬±Á baalikaa; ±ðîÁ kanyaa to give ÊiL½Á deoyaa; iap ±mÁ daan karaa give! [Study43] sip! din!; ÊiL! deo! Let him give it! sysp yaS (yãaS) siFp tini taa-ii (tahaaii) diun to give up ·asE½Á (Ê·jE) ÊiL½Á chere (chaariyaa) deoyaa given i» datta given to -, -ish -b½ may -giver -iayÁ -daataa giving pradaan -giving -ia½± -daayak glad ²fs® khushi glamour naÛ yaadu; Sð‘i¸a¬ indrajaal to glance ¬ñº ±mÁ laksya karaa glass container ±Ïaj¶m zaê k^aacer paatra; s³¬a\ gilaas glass material ±Ïa¶Î k^aac'; izíp darpan globe Ê³a¬± golak global, world-wide ¸³iÃºazd jagadvyaapii glory Ê³àmc goorab; bsãbÁ mahimaa; ‘zyaz prataap to glorify Aaj¬a± zay ±mÁ aalok paat
karaa; Ê³àmcspÃy ±mÁ goorabaanvita karaa; bsãbaspÃy mahimaanvita karaa; ‘zyazasPÃy ±mÁ prataapaanvita karaa glorious Ê³àmcb½ goorab-may; Fææ¢¬ ujjval glue AawÁ aathaa to go naL½Á yaaoyaa; ³bp ±mÁ gaman karaa going on ¶j¬ (¶s¬½Á) cale (caliyaa) to go, move, walk ¶¬Á calaa to go after Apf\mt ±mÁ anusaran karaa to go out, go around ÊcEajpÁ (ÊcEap+) beraano (beraana); ÊcmajpÁ (Êcmap+) beraano (beraana) to go away ¶j¬ (¶s¬½Á) naL½Á cale (caliyaa) yaaoyaa goal Fjéôî uddeshya goat ·Á³ chaag; ·a³¬ chaagal; c±Îsm bakri God (Sanskrit form, as speaking to Hindus and generally) D®Ãm iishvar Most High God (Sanskrit form) zmjb®Ãm parameshvar God (Arabic form, as speaking to Muslims) Ê²aiÁ khodaa a god Êic deb gods, gods and godesses Êicjicd deb-debii godless pasÅÙ± naastik godlike Êicyay›¬º debataatulya godly K®Ãsm± eeshvarik godly devotion D®Ãmd½ vs»M iishvariiya bhakti with godly devotion vs»Mvajc bhaktibhaabe going - Ênjy (naSjy) yete (yaaite)
one going -³abd -gaamii gold Ê\apÁ shonaa; \Ãtí svarna Gomorrah ´jbamÁ ghamoraa good, benefit va¬ bhaala; vaj¬Á bhaalo good, nice va¬ bhaala, vaj¬Á bhaalo, Fznf»M upayukta, \f- su- Good Day "bå¬ ãF±" mangal hauk, pbÅþam namaskaar good news \f\ba¶am susamaacaar, va¬ ²cm bhaala khabar Good-bye scia½ bidaay Good-bye, come again Aas\ aasi Good-bye, see you again Aacam Êi²Á ãjc aabaar dekhaa habe good-for-nothing material ¸´ðî ziauí jaghanya padartha good-for-nothing person A±bíÁ akarmaa goodness bå¬ mangal, \yyÁ satataa, \aofyÁ saadhutaa, bå¬vac mangal-bhaab goods \BÚi sampad goodwill ‘z\am prasaar to gossip ¸lÚpÁ jalpanaa; ca¶a¬ baacaal; ³a¬³lÚ ±mÁ gaalgalpa karaa gourd ¬aF laau to govern zsm¶as¬y ±mÁ paaricaalita karaa; ®a\p ±mÁ shasan karaa governer \m±am sarakaar government ®\p shasan; \m±am governments \m±amÓs¬ sar-kaar-guli to grab ãwaù omÁ hathaata dharaa grace Apf‘³ã anugraha; ±„zÁ krripaa gracious i½ab½ dayaamaya; Apf‘³ã®d¬ anugrahashiil; ±„zab½ krripaamay
Babylon the Great bãyd casc¬ mahati baabil greatness (in power) scêMb bikram Great Tribulation bãÁ Êû±® mahaa klesh Greece ‘³d\ji® griis-desh; ncp yaban greed Ê¬av lobh Greek ‘³d± griik; ‘³d\ji®d½ griis-deshiiya green \cf¸ sabuj; Ê\acf¸ sobuj, ãsmùctí haritabran to greet ëjvó·Á ¸apajpÁ (¸apap+) shubhecchaa jaanaano (jaanaana); "bå¬ Êãa± (ãF±)" c¬Á "mangal hok (hauk)" balaa greeting Aasvpðip aabhinandan, "bå¬ Êãa± (ãF±)" "mangal hok (hauk)" grey, gray og\m ctí dhursar barna grey-headedness zØþj±® pakkakesh grief Û@² duhh-kha, Ê®a± shok grieving Û²ayí (Û@²a»í) dukhaarta (duhhakhaartta) to grind ¶ftí ±mÁ curna karaa to grip, grasp AÏa±EÁ ÊpL½Á aa^karaa neoyaa to groan ±aymajpÁ (±aymap+) kaataraano (kaataraana); Ê±Ïa±ajpÁ (Ê±Ïa±ap+) k^okaano (k^okaana) ground vgsb bhuumi; svsq bhiti; basq maati; baw maatha group \bgã samuuha; i¬ dal to grow caEajpÁ (caEap+) baaraano (baaraana) grow up cE ãL½Á bara haoyaa growth FpÐsy unnati gruesome v½ám bhayankar
guarantee spô¶½ ±mÁ nishcaya karaa, ¸asbp ±mÁ jaamin karaa to guard mñÁ ±mÁ raksaa karaa guardian Asvvac± abhibhaabak to guess Apfbap ±mÁ anumaan karaa guest Asysu atithi, Êbãbap mehamaan guidance Fzji® upadesh to guide, conduct zsm¶a¬pÁ ±mÁ paricaalanaa karaa to guide, show the way zu ‘zi®íp ±mÁ path pradarshan karaa guided, conducted zsm¶as¬y paricaalita blind guide Aï zui®í± andha pathadarshak guilt Êia¿ dos, Azmao aparaadh guilty Êia¿d dosii, Azmaod aparaadhii gun cðÛ± banduk gunfire Êyaz top H habit Avºa\ abhyaas had to ã¬ hala haemorrhage m»M‘\ac raktasraab hail s®¬achsø shilaabrristi hair ¶f¬ cul hairdresser paszy naapit half AoíaÈ® ardhaanºsh; Aoí ardh; Ajoí± ardhek; Aao aadh a half Aajoí± aardhek half-dead Aao-bmÁ aadh-maraa hall ã¬ hal; \fchãù ±ñ subrrihat' kaksa to halt uabÁ thaamaa hand ãay haat; ãÅÙ hasta to hand over \bzíp ±mÁ samarpan karaa handle ãay¬ haatal; caq baat to handle zsm¶a¬p ±mÁ paricaalan karaa
handkerchief mÆba¬ rumaal handsome \fðim sundar handwriting ãajym Ê¬²Á haater lekhaa; hang ¹f¬ajpÁ (¹f¬ap+) jhulaano (jhulaana); xÏas\ ÊiL½Á ph^aasi deoyaa to happen ´qÁ ghataa; ãL½Á haoyaa happening ´qpÁ ghatanaa happiness Aapði aananda; \f² sukh; yŸszÙ trripti happy Aapsðiy aanandita; \f²d sukhi; ²f®d khushii harrass ã½map ±mÁ hayaraan karaa harbour Êzaya‘®½ potaashray hard, determined ±jwam kathor hard, difficult ±swp kathin hard, firm ihR drrirh hard work zsm‘®b parishram hardhearted spWfm nisthur hardly, only just \jcbaê sabemaatra hardly, rarely ‘za½S p½ praayai nay hardly, unlikely ±ias¶ù kadaacit' hard-working zsm‘®bd parishramii harm ñsy ksati; Asp«q anista; Aa´ay aahgaat Harmageddon ãmÎbas³jiap har'maagidon harmless spjiía¿ nirdos; spmdã niriiha harmonious sb¬ mil; \abª\º saamanjasya; J±yap ekataan harmony \abª\ºyÁ saamanjasyataa; \È³sy sanºgati in harmony, consistent with \È³y sanºgata; -Apf\ajm -anusaare harsh ±±í® karkash; spW›m nisthur hart ãsmt harin
harvest ®\º shasya; Ê·ip chedan; x\¬ phasal haste YÃmÁ ±mÁ tvaraa karaa to make haste yaEÁ yasE ±mÁ taaraa taari hat qfsz tupi to hate ´htÁ ±mÁ ghrrinaa karaa; ÊiÃ¿ ±mÁ dves karaa hateful ´htazgtí ghrrinaapuurna hater scjiÃ¿d bidvesii hatred ´htÁ ghrrinaa; ÊiÃ¿ dves; scjiÃ¿ bidves haughty FÄy uddhata; ³scíy garbita to have (rephrase as "someone's ... exists" "... exists belonging to ...", see Study 54) ... Aaj· -er ... aache "I have a desire" "Aabam Só·Á Aaj·" "aamaar icchaa aache" to have to (rephrase as "will be" "Doing of ... shall be" or use the Future Affirmative, see Study 54) ãjc (ãSjc) habe (haibe) "[I] must go now" [Aabam] J²p Ênjy ãjc (naSjy ãSjc) [aamaar] ekhan yete habe (yaaite haibe) "They will have to know that I am Jehovah" (Ez 25:17) "yamÁ ¸apjc (yaãamÁ ¸aspjc) Ên AasbS snjãacÁ" "taaraa jaan-be (taahaaraa jaanibe) ye aami-i yihobaa" hay, straw ²E khar hazard sczi bipad haze ±‚½a®Á kuyaashaa he Ê\ se he [see Study 25] sysp tini; Fsp uni; Ssp ini head bÅÙ± mastak; bauÁ maathaa; zsy
her, to her yaj± (yaãaj±) taake (taahaake) to herald, proclaim Ê´a¿tÁ ±mÁ ghosanaa karaa herb L¿so osadhi; F¿so usadhi herd zëza¬ pashupaal here J²ajp ekhaane hereby JyiÃamÁ etadvaaraa hereditary cÈ®³y banºshagata herein Jjy ete; Sãajy ihaate hero cdm biir to hesitate siÃoÁ ±mÁ dvidhaa karaa; SyÅÙy ±mÁ itastita karaa hesitation siÃoÁ dvidhaa Hezekiah sãs¿±½ hisikay; sãÑþd½ hiskiiya hidden ÓzÙ gupta; ¬f±ajpÁ (¬f±ap+) lukaano (lukaana) to hide, conceal Ê³azp ±mÁ gopan karaa; to hide, to go out of sight ¬f±ajpÁ (¬f±ap+) lukaano (lukaana) hide and seek ¬fj±a¶fsm Ê²¬Á lukocuri khelaa high, elevated Fó¶ ucca High, Great bãÁ- mahaa-; bãù mahat' higher Fó¶ym uccatar highest Fó¶yb uccatam highspirited Êy¸\Ãd tejasvii highway ma¸zu raaj-path; \E± sarak hill, small mountain ñf‘i zcíy ksudra parbat hilltop zaãajEm ¶fEÁ paahaarer curaa him yaj± (yaãaj±) taake (taahaake); yam (yaãam) taar (taahaar) him yÏaj± (yÏaãaj±) t^aake (t^aahaake); yÏam (yÏaãam) t^aar (t^aahaar)
to hinder caoÁ ÊiL½Á baadhaa deoyaa Hindi sãsði hindi Hindu sãðÛ hindu hire vamÁ bhaaraa; b¸›sm majuri to hire vaEÁ bhaaraa historian Ssyãa\jc»Á itihaas-bettaa historical Ksyãas\± eetihaasik history Ssyãa\ itihaas to hit bamÁ maaraa; szqajpÁ (szqap+) pitaano (pitaana); Aa´ay ±mÁ aaghaat karaa; oaØþÁ dhaakkaa, ‘zsyjmao ±mÁ pratirodh karaa hoax ·¬ chal hobby ®² shakh to hold omÁ dharaa to hold back, resist csÞy ±mÁ bancita karaa to hold back, restrain bbyÁ ±mÁ mamataa karaa hole ³yí garta; s·‘i chidra; xÏa±Á ph^aakaa holiday zcísip parbadin; ·fsqm sip chutir din; ·fsq chuti holiness zscêyÁ pabitrataa hollow xÏazÁ ph^aapaa holy zscê pabitra holy spirit zscê AaYÂÁ pabitra aatmaa home casE baari; caEd baarii; ³hã grriha; ca\ÅÕap baasasthaan; ´m ghar homicide pmãyºÁ narahatyaa homosexual \b±abd samakaamii homosexuality \b±abdyÁ samakaamiitaa honest \ù sat'; \aof saadhu; Sbap imaan honesty \aofyÁ saadhutaa honey bof madhu
honour \PÂap sanmaan; \fpab sunaam to honour \baim ±mÁ samaadar karaa honourable bappd½ maananiiya; sc²ºay bikhyaat; \Bšap¸p± samman-janak hook cEs® b^arshi hope Aa®Á aashaa to hope Aa®Á ±mÁ aashaa karaa hopeless Ëpma® neeraashya; ãya®zgtí hataash-puurna hopelessness spma® niraash; ËpmaôîyÁ neeraashyataa horizon si³PÙ diganta; ¶êMca¬ cakrabaal horizontal si³jPÙm \baPÙma¬ diganter samaantaraal; ¶êMcaj¬m \baPÙma¬ cakrabaaler samaantaraal horn of animal s®È shinº; ®hå shrringa horn [musical instrument] s®åÁ shingaa horn on a car ÊvÏzf horse Ê´aEÁ ghoraa; A®Ã ashva hhospital ãa\Îzaya¬ haas'paataal hospitality Asysu-Ê\cÁ atithi-sebaa; Asysu-zma½p atithi-paraayan; Asysu \ù±am atithi sat'kaar hostile ®êÆvacazpÐ shatrubhaabaapanna hot yzÙ tapta; ³mb garam; F‘³ ugra hotel Êãajq¬ hotel; \maS saraai hour ´ðqÁ ghantaa house casE baari; caEd baarii; ³hã grriha; ´m ghar big house vcp bhaban from house to house ´jm ´jm ghare ghare household zsmcam paribaar; zsm¸p parijan household's zsmcasm± paribaarik
to humiliate Azbap ±mÁ apamaan karaa humour ms\±yÁ rasikataa hundred ® sha; ®y shata; J±®y ek-shata hundredfold ®yÓt shat-gun hundreds ®yaso± shataadhik hundreds and thousands ®y ®y \ã\Í \ã\Í shat shat sahasra sahasra hundredth ®yyb shatatam hunger ñ‚oÁ ksudhaa; vf± bhuk; s²ji khide hungry ñ‚soy ksudhita; Ê¬a¬fz lolup; vf±Á bhukaa; ñ‚oayí ksudhaarta to hunt s®±am ±mÁ shikaar karaa to be hurled down spzasyy ãL½Á nipaatita haoyaa hurricane ´fstícayºÁ ghurnibaartyaa to hurry YÃmÁ tvaraa; Js³j½ (Aa³aS½Á) ÊiL½Á egiye (aagaaiyaa) deoyaa to hurry up yaEÁ yasE ±mÁ taaraataari karaa hurt, harm ñsy ksati; Aa´ay aaghaat husband \Ãabd svaamii; ³hã\Ãabd grrihasvaamii a husband of one wife J± Åòdm \Ãabd ek striir svaamii to hush ¶fz ®aPÙ ãL½Á cup shaanta haoyaa to hush up Ê¶jz (¶asz½Á) ÊiL½Á cepe (caapiyaa) deoyaa hut idp ±‚sqm diin kutir; ±‚jE´m kureghar hydrogen FiÎ¸ap ud'jaan hyperbole Ay›ºs»M atyukti hypocrisy ±zqyÁ kapatataa hypocrite ±zq kapat I
I Aasb aami -ic -S± -ik ice cmx baraph ice-cream AaS\ êMdb aais kriim; ba¬aS cmx maalaai baraph idea oamtÁ dhaaranaa; s¶PÙÁ cintaa; by mata; vac bhaab; ±lÚpÁ kalpanaa; zsm±lÚpÁ parikalpanaa ideal oama³y dhaaraagata; Aai®í aadarsha identical Apðî ananya; AsvpÐ abhinna; J±mÇz ek-ruup identification \pa»M±mt sanaaktakaran identify \pa»M ±mÁ sanaakta karaa; s¶sãMy ±mÁ cihnita karaa identity, recognition Ajvi abhed; zsm¶½ paricay; \pas»M sanaakti identity, uniqueness ApðîyÁ ananyataa ideology bycai matabaad idiom ca³oamÁ baaghadhaaraa; mdsys\Ä ca±º idle A¬\ alas; A±bí akarma; Êc±am bekaar idol ‘zsybÁ pratimaa; Êicbgsyí deb-muurti if (Study 36, 49, 50) nsi yadi ignorant A¡ ajna ["ogyo"]; As®sñy ashiksita to ignore, pay no heed A‘³aN ±mÁ agraahyya [ograajjo] karaa ill A\fÅÕ asustha; zdsEy piirita; bði manda ill-advised ±fzmab®í‘zazÙ kuparaamarshapraapta illegal Akco abeedh; Êc-AaSpd be-aainii illegible Azawº apaathya; AÅÚ«q aspasta illegitimate ¸am¸ jaaraj; Akco abeedh
illicit Akco abeedh illiteracy spmñmyÁ niraksarataa illness Êma³ rog; A\f² asukh illogical nfs»MscmÆÄ yuktibiruddha; Akns»M± ayeektik; nfs»Mscãdp yuktibihiin illuded scöaPÙ bibhraanta illusion, vision ba½Á maayaa; scöb bibhram; illusion, delusion scöasPÙ bibhraanti illustration ihøaPÙ drrishtaanta; p±Î\Á nak'saa ill-will scjiÃ¿ bidves image, idol ‘zsybÁ pratimaa image, likeness ‘zsybgs»í pratimuurtti; \aihôî saadrrishya imagery ±alÚsp± Auí kaalpanik artha imaginary ±alÚsp± kaalpanik imagination ±lÚpÁ kalpanaa; ±lÚpÁ ®s»M kalpanaa shakti; zsm±lÚpÁ parikalpanaa imitation Apf±mt anukaran; Apfs¬sz anulipi immature Azsmty aparinata immediate ‘zyºñ pratyaksa; Acºcsãy abyabahita to immerse, dip spbsæ¸y ±mÁ nimajjita karaa; spbæ¸p ±mÁ nimajjan karaa; ÊeacajpÁ (Êeacap+) dobaano (dobaana) immersed spbsæ¸y nimajjita immersion spbæ¸p nimajjan; b³Ð magna immersion of Hindu idols scb¸íp bimarjan immigrant ‘zca\d prabaasii; Asvca\d abhibaasii
imminent, approaching, coming Aa\pÐ aasanna immodesty As®«qyÁ ashistataa immoral spsyãdp nitihiin; A\aof asaadhu; cºsv¶amd byabhicaarii; Akpsy± aneetik immorality pdsyãdpyÁ niitihiinataa; A\aofyÁ asaadhutaa; cºsv¶am byabhicaar immortal Abm amar immortality AbmYÃ amaratva; Ascsp®Ãm abinishvar "immortality of the soul" "AaYÂam AbmYÃ" "aatmaar amaratva" impact \È´¿í sanºgharsa to be impaled êfM®scÄ ãL½Á krushabiddha haoyaa to impart ‘ziap ±mÁ pradaan karaa; ¡ay ±mÁ jnaata ["gyaato"] karaa; Êna³ajpÁ (Êna³ap+) yogaano (yogaana) impartial spmjzñ nirapeksa; pºa½zma½t nyaayaparaayan impartiality spmjzñyÁ nirapeksataa impatient A\sã©fyÁ asahisnutaa; AodmyÁ adhiirataa impediment caoÁ baadhaa; sc$p bighna to impel Fj»s¸y ±mÁ uttejita karaa imperative Aaji® Åg¶± aadesh suucak; za¬pd½ paalaniiya imperfect As\Ä asiddha; A\BÚgtí asampuurna imperial \ab÷a¸º \ÈêMaPÙ saamraajya sanºkraanta imperialism \bÍa¸ºcai samraajyabaad imperishable Ascp®Ãm abinashvar impersonal cºs»MYÃãdp byaktitvahiin
impetuous ‘zc¬ prabal; ‘z¶Ý pracanda; Ascjc¶± abibecak implement nPò yantra implicit APÙspísãy antarnihita to imply Ssåjy Auí ‘z±a® ±mÁ ingite artha prakaash karaa; Êca¹ajpÁ (Êca¹ap+) bojhaano (bojhaana) implying - -iam -daar to import Aabiasp ±mÁ aamadaani karaa importance ‘zj½a¸pd½yÁ prayojaniiyataa; ÓmÆYÃ gurutva important ‘zj½a¸pd½ prayojaniiya; ÓmÆYÃzgtí gurutvapuurna; Aacôî± aabashyak impossibility A\BÖcyÁ asambhabataa impossible A\BÖc asambhab imposter ‘zyam± prataarak; vÝ bhanda impotence AñbyÁ aksamataa impression, pressing bf‘it mudran impression, sign s¶ãM cihna impressive s¶»a±¿í± cittaakarsok imprison ±amamÆÄ ±mÁ kaaraaruddha karaa imprisonment ±amaca\ kaaraabaas improbable A\BÖc asambhab to improve FpÐsy ±mÁ unnati karaa improvement FpÐsy\aop unnatisaadhan impulse, emotion Aajc³ aabeg impure ±Ïa¶Á k^aacaa; Azscê apabitra; AscëÄ abishuddha in [Grammar 16.1, 22.2, 23.1] -J -e; -Êy -½ -y; svyjm bhitare; bjoº madhye inability AñbyÁ aksamataa inactivity A±„y±aníyÁ akrritakaaryataa
inadequate nju«q [njuø] p½ Jbp yathesta [yathesta] nay eman inanimate sp¸díc nirjiib inapplicable A‘zjna¸º aprayojya inappreciative Fz¬sý Êi²ajy Añb upalabdhi dekhaate aksam inappropriate Apfznf»M anupayukta; A\È³y asanºgata inaugural FjiÃaopd udhvodhanii inauguration FjiÃaop udvodhan inborn, natural \Ãavasc± svaabhaabik; \ã¸ay sahajaata; ¸ð‰³y janmagata incapable Añb aksam; A\buí asamartha incentive Fj»¸± uttejak; Fù\aã‘zi ut'saahaprad inch SsÞ inci to incite Fj»s¸y ±mÁ uttejita karaa inclination, liking Apfma³ anuraag inclination, at a slope Êã¬ap vac helaan bhaab; oa¬f dhaalu; Êã¬ajpÁ (Êã¬ap+) helaano (helaana) inclination, slope ¶a¬fvac caalubhaab; ra¬ dhaal inclination, tendency bjpm Ê¹Ïa± maner jh^ok; ‘zchs» prabrritti; ‘zctyÁ prabanataa incline Êã¬Á helaa to incline, cause a tendency py ±mÁ nata karaa; Ê¹Ïa±ajpÁ (Ê¹Ïa±ap+) jh^okaano (jh^okaana) to incline, tend towards py ãL½Á nata haoyaa; Ê¹Ïa±Á jh^okaa included, amid bjoº madhye included, involved APÙvfí»M antarbhukta; ¸sEy jarita
infant s®ë shishu; paca¬± naabaalak to infect Ûs¿y ±mÁ dusita karaa infectious, contagious \ÈêMab± sanºkraamak inferior Ao@ÅÙp adhahhastan inferiority complex ãdpyavac hiinataabhaab infinite A\db asiim; ApPÙ ananta inflammable iN dahya ["dojjo"] inflammation ‘ziaã pradaaha inflation of money bf‘ia«xdsy mudraasphiiti to inflict blows Aa´ay ±mÁ aaghaat karaa influence ‘zvac prabhaab influx APÙ@‘zcaã antahhaprabaaha to inform ¡ay ±mÁ jnaata ["gyaato"] karaa informal gathering Ê\à¸ðî \bajc® soojanya samaabesh informal witness Asp½sby \añº iap aniyamita saaksya daan information Åg¶d suucii; sc¡azp bijnaapan ["bigyaapon"]; \Ècai sanºbaad; yuº tathya ingenious FIÖacp ±smjy iñ udbhaaban karite daksa ingenuity iñyÁ dakstaa to inhabit ca\ ±mÁ baas karaa; c\ca\ ±mÁ basabaas karaa inhabitant Asoca\d adhibaasii; pmj¬a± naralok inhabitant of - -spÐca\d -nnibaasii inhabitants of - -spÐca\dmÁ -spÐcas\³t -nnibaasigan inhabitants, those living there yspÐcas\³t tannibaasigan
to inherit F»maso±amÅgjê zL½Á uttaraadhikaarii suutre paaoyaa inheriting, inheritance F»maso±am uttaraadhikaar of one's own initiative AazpÁ ãjy (ãSjy) aapanaa hate (haite) to inject, insert ‘zjc® ±majpÁ (±map+) prabesh karaano (karaana) injury ñsy ksati; Aspø anista injust Apºa½ anyaay injustice Apºa½ ±a¸ anyaay kaaj; Asc¶am abicaar ink ±as¬ kaali inner AvºaPÙsm± abhyaantarik innocence, guiltlessness spjiía¿ nirdos innocence, simplicity \m¬yÁ saralataa; spmdãvac niriihabhaab innocent, guiltless spjiía¿d nirdosi innocent, simple, naïve \m¬ saral; spmdã niriiha; Abas½± amaayik innumerable A³tpd½ agananiiya; A¸\Í ajasra to inquire, ask Apf\ïap ±mÁ anusandhaan karaa; s¸¡a\Á ±mÁ jijnaasaa ["jigyaasaa"] karaa inquisition spWfm cd¶am nisthur biicaar; obíscmÆÄcaidjim cd¶am dharmabiruddhabaadiider biicaar inquisitive Ê±ày›ã¬d kootuhalii; Apf\sïù\f anusandhit'su insane za³¬ paagal; sñzÙm pºa½ ksiptar nyaay insanitary, unhealthy A\ÃaÅÕº±m asvaasthyakar insect, crawling ±dq kiita; Êza±Á pokaa
insubordinate Acaoº abaadhya to insult Azbap ±mÁ apamaan karaa insurance cdbÁ biimaa; cdba±mt biimaakaran integrity s\ÄyÁ siddhataa; \aofyÁ saadhutaa; Aapf³yº aanugatya intellect cfsÄ buddhi; s¶PÙa®s»M cintaashakti; sc¶am®s»M bicaar-shakti intellectual cfsÄchs»-\ÈêMaPÙ intellectually cfsÄ³yvajc buddhigatabhaabe intelligence cfsÄ buddhi; sc¡yÁ bijnataa ["bigyotaa"]; cfsÄb»Á buddhimattaa intelligent cfsÄbap buddhimaan; cfsÄom buddhidhar to intend \È±lÚ ±mÁ sanºkalpa karaa intensity of feeling K±aPÙsm±yÁ eekaantarikataa intent, intention Asv‘za½ abhipraay; Fjéôî uddeshya intent, minded Fiºy udyata intentional Só·a±„y icchaakrrita; Asvj‘zy abhipreta intentionally Só·azgcí± (Só·azgCÃí±) icchaapuurbbak (icchaapuurbak) to intercede boºÅÙyÁ ±mÁ madhyastataa karaa intercession boºÅÙyÁ madhyatataa interchange scspb½ binimay; Ai¬ci¬ mental interchange vacscspb½ intercommunication zmÅÚm ¡azp paraspar jnaapan ["gyaapon"] badal
intercourse (sexual) Ênàp \È\³í yoon sanºsarga interest, zeal bjpajna³ manoyog; Fææ¢¬ ujjval; Fjiºa³ udyog interested Aa‘³ãd aagrahii; Aa‘³ãasPÃy aagrahaanvita interesting s¶êa±¿í± citraakarsak interests, gain Aa‘³ã aagraha interfered scs$py bighnita interior boºsÅÕy madhyasthita; AvºPÙm abhyantar intermarriage A\b ctí sccaã asama barna bibaaha intermediate boºcydí (boºc»dí ) madhyabartii (madhyabarttii) intermittent \scmab sabiraam internal AvºaPÙsm± abhyaantarik; AvºPÙmdt abhyantariin international AaPÙ¸íasy± aantarjaatik to interpret, expound cºa²ºÁ ±mÁ byaakhyaa ["bekkhaa"] karaa to interpret, translate Apfcai ±mÁ anubaad karaa interpretation, meaning cºa²ºÁ byaakhyaa ["bekkhaa"] interpretation, translation Apfcai anubaad interpreter Êiava¿d dobhaasii interruption caoÁ baadhaa; scmab biraam interval scmab biraam; cºcoap byabadhaan to intervene ãÅÙjñz ±mÁ hastaksep karaa intervention ãÅÙjñz hastaksep; boºÅÕyÁ madhyasthataa interview \añaù±am saaksaat'-kaar
intestine APò antra; paEdvfÏsE naariibh^uri intimacy ´sp«qyÁ ghanistataa intimidated Aaysáy aatankita into bjoº madhye; svyjm bhitare; AvºPÙjm abhyantare; -J -e; -Êy -te; -½ -y intolerable A\N asahya ["osojjo"] intolerant A\sã©‚ asahisnu intonation \Ãmvså svar-bhangi intoxication bay¬asb maatalaami intricate sc¸sEy bijarita to introduce, make known zsms¶y ±mÁ paricita karaa introduction vgsb±Á bhuumikaa; AamBÖ aarambha intuition \Ã¡ap svajnaan ["svogyaan"] to invade AaêMbt ±mÁ aakraman karaa invading AaêMbt±amd aakraman-kaarii invalid, disabled, weak Ûcí¬ (ÛCÃí¬), durbal (durbbal) invalid, fruitless, in vain spÑx¬ nisphal to invent AascÑþam ±mÁ aabiskaar karaa invention AascÑþam aabiskaar inverse(ly) F¼qavajc ultaabhaabe; sczmdyêMjb bipariitakrame to invest Azíp ±mÁ arpan karaa; ²aqajpÁ (²aqap+) khaataano (khaataana) to investigate Apf\ïap ±mÁ anusandhaan karaa investment scspjna³ biniyog invincible Aj¸½ ajeya; Azmaj¸½ aparaajeya invisible Aihôî adrrishya invisible to man bpfj¿ºm Aihôî manusyer
adrrishya invitation spbPòt nimantran; Aaã¢ap aahvaan to invite spbPòt ±mÁ nimantran karaa; spbPòp ÊiL½Á nimantran deoyaa involuntary Só·Á pÁ ±sm½aL icchaa naa kariyaa-o to involve, wrap, embrace ¸sEy ±mÁ jarita karaa involved ¸sEy jarita; ¸sEj½ jariye inward bjoº madhye; AvºaPÙsm± abhyaantarik; svyjmm bhitarer inwards svym sij± bhitar dike irksome scms»M¸p± biraktijanak iron Ê¬aãÁ lohaa; Ê¬àã looha irrelevant A‘za\så± apraasangik irreplaceable Azgmtd½ apuuraniiya irresistible Ûiíb durdam irresponsible ias½YÃãdp daayitvahiin irreversible Azsmcyípd½ (Azsmc»ípd½) aparibartaniiya (aparibarttaniiya) irrigation ¸¬-Ê\¶p jal-secan irritation Fj»¸pÁ uttejanaa; ÊêMao krodh is Aaj· aache; ã½ hay is it so? s±? ki? yaS [yaãaS] pÁ s±? taa-i (taahaa-i) naa ki? is not p½ nay -ish, given to - -zm -par Islam S\¬ab obí (oBÂí) isalaam dharma (dharmma) Islamic bf\¬bap obí (oBÂí)-\BÃïd½ musalamaan dharma island IÃdz dviip sambandhiiya
-ism -cai -baad to isolate scsó·pÐ ±jm (±sm½Á) ma²Á bicchinna kare (kariyaa) raakhaa; zhu± ±mÁ prrithak karaa isolated scsó·pÐ bicchinna isolation scsó·pÐyÁ bicchinnataa Israel S\Íaj½¬ israayel to issue, despatch zawajpÁ (zawap+) paathaano (paathaana) issue, offspring \PÙap-\PÙsy cÈ®acs¬ banºshaabali; cÈ®om banºshadhar issue, topic, matter sc¿½ bisay; issue, problem \b\ºÁ samasyaa issue under judgement sc¶aníº bicaaryya; sc¶aníº sc¿½ bicaaryya bisay -ist (Grammar 54.8) -caid -baadii; -L½a¬Á -oyaalaa it yÁ (yaãÁ) taa (taahaa); J (SãÁ) e (ihaa); FãÁ (L, F, K) uhaa (o, u, ee) Italian Syas¬½ itaaliya itch ²a\ khaas item, independent article \ÃyPò ‘icº svatantra drabya; ixÁ daphaa item, something detached scsó·pÐ s±·f bicchinna kichu itinerary öb ch»aPÙ bhram brritaanta itself yÁ (yaãÁ) \Ã½È taa (taahaa) svayanº J jackal s®½a¬ shiyaal; ®h³a¬ shrrigaal jealousy D¿íÁ iirsaa jealous D¿íaspÃy iirsaanvita; D¿íazma½t iirsaaparaayan
Jehovah snjãacÁ (snjãavÁ) yihobaa (yihobhaa) Jehovah's Witness snjãacam \añd yihobaar saaksii one of Jehovah's Witnesses snjãacam J±¸p \añd yihobaar ek-jan saaksii Jehovah's Witnesses (as a group) snjãacam \añdchði yihobaar saaksiibrrinda to jest zsmãa\ ±mÁ parihaas karaa Jesus (Arabic form, if speaking to Muslims) D\Á iisaa Jesus (Sanskrit form, if speaking to brothers, Hindus and others) ndë yiishu Jew snãgid yihuudii; Sãgid ihuudii job ¶a±‚md caakurii to join \Ènf»M ±mÁ sanºyukta karaa; Êna³ ±mÁ yog karaa joined \BÚ±ínf»M samparkayukta; nf»M yukta joiner Ågêom suutradhar joint- \ã sah-; Ê½àu yootha joint-heir \ãia½ai sahadaayaad jointly \sBÂs¬yvajc sammilitabhaabe joke yaba®Á taamaashaa; ms\±yÁ rasikataa journey öbt bhraman; zníyp (zníºqp) paryatan (paryyatan) joy \f² sukh; Aapði aananda; Flìa\ ullaas; yŸszÙ trripti; Aajbai aamod joyful Aapðizgtí aanandapuurna; \f²d sukhii; Aapsðiy aanandita; §ø hrrista joyful - “Be joyful!” [male] “Flìas\y Êãap (ãFp)!” “ullaasita hon (haun)!”
joyful - “Be joyful!” [female] “Flìas\yÁ Êãap (ãFp)!” “ullaasitaa hon (haun)!” judge sc¶amzsy bicaar-pati; sc¶am± bicaarak; \baj¬a¶± samaalocak thing being judged, issue sc¶aníº bicaaryya; sc¶aníº sc¿½ bicaaryya bisay judgement sc¶am bicaar; ma½ raay judgements, rulings ®a\p±¬az adverse judgment iÝ danda Judgement Day sc¶amsip bicaar-din; Ê®¿ sc¶ajmm sip shes bicaarer din judicial sc¶am± bicaarak; sc¶am \ÈêMaPÙ bicaar sanºkraanta judicious sc¡ bijna ["bigyo"] juice m\ ras jump ¬ax laaph; ¬Bx lampha to jump ¬axajpÁ (¬axap+) laaphaano (laaphaana); ¬Bx ±mÁ lampha karaa to jump over seåap dingaana junior ±spø kanista; Apf¸ anuj just, only Ê±c¬ kebal; baê maatra; ëofS shudhu-i; ëofbaê shudhumaatra just, right pºa½cap nyaayabaan; oasbí± (oasBÂí±) dhaarmik (dhaarmmik); sw± thik; \yº satya justice pºa½zma½tyÁ \aofyÁ saadhutaa; pºa½sc¶am nyaay-bicaar justification, vindication \buíp samarthan to justify, to adopt Êbjp (basp½Á) ÊpL½Á mene (maaniyaa) neoyaa jute zaq paat juvenile ymÆp c½Ñþ tarun bayaska;
s®ëm by shishur mata K to keep, care for nYÐ ÊpL½Á yatna neoyaa; nYÐ ¬L½Á yatna laoyaa; nYÐ ±mÁ yatna karaa to keep, continue ua±Á thaakaa to keep on doing ±mjy ua±Á kar-te thaakaa to keep on [see "keeps on"] to keep, retain mñÁ raksaa; ma²Á raakhaa; mñÁ ±mÁ raksaa karaa; omÁ dharaa keeper mñ± raksak; za¬± paalak keeping, care nYÐ yatna; mñÁ raksaa keeps on mj½j· rayeche kept, held ojm (osm½Á) dhare (dhariyaa) key ¶asc caabi kick ¬asu laathi kid of a goat ·a³cù\ chaag-bat'sa kidnap ãmt haran to kidnap, steal Azãmt ±mÁ apaharan karaa; ¶fsm ±mÁ curi karaa kidney bfê‘³sPÕ mutragranthi; chØþ brrikka to kill ãyºÁ ±mÁ hatyaa karaa; ²fp ±mÁ khun karaa; co ±mÁ badh karaa; Êbjm (basm½Á) Êx¬Á mere (maariyaa) phelaa to kill, hit bamÁ maaraa killed, put to death ãy hata killer ãyºa±amd hatyaa kaarii kind: according to their kind \Ã \Ã ¸asy sva sva jaati anuyaayii kind, pattern omp dharan kind, sort m±b rakam; ‘z±am prakaar kind in heart i½a¬f dayaalu; i½acap
jnaan ["gyaan"] known zsms¶y paricita to make known [Study 13] ¸apajpÁ (¸apap+) jaanaano (jaanaana) known as ... ..zsms¶y ... paricita well known \fzsms¶y suparicita Koran, Qur'aan Ê±amap koraan; xm±ap phar-kaan L label s¶m±‚q cir-kut; sqs±q tikit labour zsm‘®b parishram labourer b¸fm majur; ‘®sb± shramik lack Avac abhaab lacking sc- bi-; -ãdp -hiin lad ca¬± baalak; Ê·j¬ chele ladder s\ÏsE s^iri lady Åòd strii; ³hã±êdí grrihakartrii; v‘ibsã¬Á bhadramahilaa; bãa®½Á mahaashayaa lake ã÷i hrad; s¹¬ jhil lamb Êb¿ mes lame Ê²ÏaEÁ kh^oraa; ²ª khanja to lament sc¬az ±mÁ bilaap karaa lamentation sc¬az bilaap lamp ‘zidz pradiip; idz diip; Aaj¬Á aalo land Êi® desh; vgsb bhuumi; basq maati; ¸sb jami landlady vg\Ãabdpd bhuusvaamiinii; caEdL½a¬d baariioyaalii landlord vg\Ãabd bhuusvaamii; casEL½a¬Á baarioyaalaa; ¸sbiam jamidaar landscape ÅÕ¬ihôî sthal-drrishya; ÅÕ¬ihj®ºm s¶ê sthal-drrishyer citra
lane ³s¬ gali language va¿Á bhaasaa to lapse casy¬ ãL½Á baatil haoyaa; ¶j¬ (¶as¬½Á) naL½Á cale (caaliyaa) yaaoyaa large cE bara; scmaq biraat; scÅÙŸy bistrrita; cºaz± byaapak last, previous ³y gata last, final Ê®¿ shes last days [period] Ê®¿ ±a¬ shes kaal sign of the last days Ê®¿ ±aj¬m s¶ãM shes kaaler cihna to last, keep firm ÅÕa½d ua±Á sthaayii thaakaa lasting ÅÕa½d sthaayii -lasting -ÅÕa½d -sthaayii lastly Acj®j¿ abashese late, delayed Êism deri; sc¬BÃ bilamba; Êismjy FzsÅÕy derite upasthita; Êism ±jm (±sm½Á) deri kare (kariyaa) later, afterwards zjm pare Latin ¬ºasqp lyaatin laugh ãa\º haasya; ãas\ haasi to laugh ãa\Á haasaa; ãa\º ±mÁ haasya karaa; sc‘iÇz ±mÁ bidruup karaa to laugh (at) Fzãa\ ±mÁ upahaas karaa lavatory za½²apÁ L ‘z\ac²apÁ o prasaab-khaanaa law sp½b niyam; scso bidhi; AaSp aain lawless Aobía¶amd (AoBÂía¶amd) lawlessness Aobí (AoBÂí) adharma (adharmma); Aobía¶amt (AoBÂía¶amt) adharmaacaaran (adharmmaacaaran); cºcÅÕa¬ç´p byabasthaalanghan lazy A¬\ alas khaanaa
lead, going ahead ÊpyŸYÃ netrritva; zsm¶a¬pÁ paricaalanaa to lead ÊpyŸYÃ ±mÁ netrritva karaa; ÊpyŸYÃ ÊiL½Á netrritva deoyaa; ¶a¬ajpÁ (¶a¬ap+) caalaano (caalaana); spj½ naL½Á niye yaaoyaa to lead one's life ¸dcp nazp ±mÁ jiiban yaapan karaa leader ÊpyÁ netaa; zsm¶a¬± paricaalak; pa½± naayak leading of one's life ¸dcp nazp jiiban yaapan leaf zayÁ paataa leaflet ‘z¶amzê pracaarapatra; zsê±Á patrikaa the League of Nations ¸asy\È´ jaatisanºgha leak, pierced hole s·‘i chidra lean, thin baÈ\ãdp maanºsahiin to learn s®²Á shikhaa; Ê®²Á shekhaa learned, knowledgeable s®sñy shiksita; zsÝy pandita; sciÃap bidvaan lease ¬d¸ liij leather ¶bí (¶BÂí) carma (carmma); zsmÑþhy ¶bí (¶BÂí) pariskrrita carma (carmma) leave, holiday ·fsq chuti to leave, abandon zsmyºa³ ±mÁ parityaag karaa to leave, depart mLpÁ (mL½apÁ) ãL½Á raonaa (raoyaanaa) haoyaa; ¶j¬ (¶s¬½Á) naL½Á cale (caliyaa) yaaoyaa to leave off Ê·jE (·asE½Á) ÊiL½Á chere (chaariyaa) deoyaa left side cab baam; cab si±Î baam dik'
on the left side cabsij± baam-dike; caBÚa®ÃíÅÕ baam-paarshvastha leg zÁ paa legal Ëco beedh; AaSp-\BÃïd½ AaSp ³y aain gata legend ±asãpd kaahinii legitimacy ËcoyÁ beedhataa; nuauíº yathaarthya legitimate Ëco beedh leisure Ac±a® abakaash; Ac\m abasar lemon Ê¬cf lebu length Ëi´íº deerghya lenient i½a¬f dayaalu; Ê±ab¬ komal lentils ea¬ daal leopard s¶yaca´ citaabaagh; s¶yaca‘´ citaabaaghra leprosy ±‚Wjma³ kustharog; ±‚W kustha less ±b kam -less -ãdp -hiin; -scãdp -bihiin; -·amÁ lesson, counsel Fzji® upadesh; zmab®í paraamaarsha lesson, chapter, study section Aoºa½ adhyaay lesson, assigned portion zaw paath; ‘zi» zaw pradatta paath lest, to prevent that [S40] zaj· paache Let ...! ["hortative, 1st Person": S43] -S -i; Ênp .. yena ... Let ...! ["hortative, 3rd Person": S43] -F± Ênp .. yena ... to let, hire out vaEÁ ÊiL½Á bhaaraa deoyaa to let, allow, permit Apfbsy ÊiL½Á sambandhiiya;
anumati deoyaa to let be, leave Êmj² (mas²½Á) ÊiL½Á rekhe (raakhiyaa) deoyaa letter, document zê patra; s¶sw cithi letter, character Añm aksar level, even \by¬ samatal; \byÁ samataa level, standard sp½b niyam; bap maan liability, responsibility ias½YÃ daayitva liable ia½d daayii liaison \Èjna³ sanºyog; Êna³ajna³ yogaayog liar sbuºacaid mithyaabaadii; sbufº± mithyuk liberal, generous Fiam udaar; \m¬ saral to liberate bf»M ±mÁ mukta karaa; Ê·jE (·asE½Á) ÊiL½Á chaariyaa deoyaa library ‘³PÕa³am granthaagaar licence, permit Apfbsy anumati lie, falsehood sbuºÁ mithyaa; sbuºÁ ±uÁ mithyaa kathaa to lie, falsify sbuºÁ c¬Á mithyaa balaa to lie down, repose ®½p ±mÁ shayan karaa; Ê®a½Á shoyaa life ¸dcp jiiban lifeblood ¸dcjpm m»M jiibaner rakta life-force ¸dcp-®s»M jiiban-shakti life-giving ¸dcp‘zi jiiban-prad lifeless bhy mrrita; spjÅÙ¸ nistej lifetime ¸dcp±a¬ jiiban-kaal; Aa½f aayu lifestyle ¸dcpoamÁ jiiban-dhaaraa life for life "‘zajtm zsmj®ao (ci¬Á, ¸ðî, scspb½) ‘zat praaner parishodh (badalaa, janya, binimay) praan to lift Êya¬Á tolaa; FwajpÁ (Fwap+)
uthaano (uthaana); Fj»a¬p ±mÁ uttolan karaa light in weight ãa¼±Á haalkaa light seen Aaj¬Á aalo; Aaj¬a± aalok; idszÙ diipti electric light sc¸¬d casy bijalii baati to bring to light ‘z±a® ±mÁ prakaash karaa lightning scifºù bidyut' like, similar -Jm .. yg¬º -er ... tulya; \aih® saadrrish; bjyÁ (by) mato (mata); -Jm pºa½ -er nyaay to like zó·ði ±mÁ pacchanda karaa likely \BÖcy@ sambhab likelihood \BÖacpÁ sambhaabanaa likeness \aihôî saadrrishya likewise, similarly AamL aar-o; Êybsp temani liking, attraction z·ði (zó·ði) pachanda (pacchanda); AsvmÆs¶ abhiruci limb Aå anga; ‘zyå pratanga lime fruit Ê¬cf lebu; spBÃf nimbu limestone ¶gpÁ zaum cuunaa paathar limit \dbÁ siimaa; ‘zaPÙ praanta to limit \dsby ±mÁ siimita karaa to the limit ¶mbvajc caram-bhaabe limited \dsby siimita line Êm²Á rekhaa; \asm saari line of evidence ‘zbatzê pramaan-patra to linger Êimd ±mÁ derii karaa lining AaÅÙm aastar linking \Èjna³ sanºyog Êna³Ågê lion s\Èã sinºha
lip FW ustha; Aom adhar; ÊwÏaq th^ot; FWaom usthaadhar liquid ym¬ taral; ym¬ ziauí taral padaartha liquor \fmÁ suraa list, schedule yas¬±Á taalikaa to listen ëpÁ shunaa; Ê®apÁ shonaa; \fpÁ sunaa; ‘®cp ±mÁ shraban karaa; bjpajna³ ÊiL½Á manoyog deoyaa listener Ê‘®ayÁ shrotaa; ‘®ctmy literal Aañsm± aaksarik literary \asãsyº± saahityik literate zEÁ-Ê¬²Á paraa lekhaa literate person Ê¬²Á-zEÁ ¸apÁ Ê¬a± lekhaa- paraa jaanaa lok literature \asãyº saahitya litter Aac¸ípÁ aabarjanaa a little, not much AlÚ alpa; J±qf ek-tu little, small Ê·aq chota; ñf‘i ksudra little by little baj¹ baj¹ maajhe maajhe live ¸dscy jiibita; ya¸Á taajaa to live, reside, inhabit ua±Á thaakaa; ca\ ±mÁ baas karaa; c\ca\ ±mÁ basabaas karaa to live, thrive cÏa¶Á b^aacaa; ÊcÏj¶ ua±Á b^ece thaakaa; ¸dscy ua±Á jiibita thaakaa to live from day to day sip Jjp (Aasp½Á) sip ²aL½Á din ene (aaniyaa) din khaaoyaa to live life ¸dcp nazp ±mÁ jiiban yaapan karaa; ¸dcp oamt ±mÁ jiiban dhaaran karaa livelihood, a living ¸dsc±Á jiibikaa liver n±„ù yakrrit' livestock zëza¬p pashupaalan
living, alive cyíbajp (c»íbajp) ¸dscy bartamaane (barttamaane) jiibita living matter Ë¸c ziauí jeeba padaartha living thing ‘zatd praanii way of living ¸dcpoamÁ jiiban-dhaaraa lizard sq±Îsqs± tik'tiki; s³ms³sq giragiti; Ê³a\az gosaap load to carry Êca¹Á bojhaa; vam bhaar loaf zaFmÆsq paauruti; ya¬ taal loan Htiap rrin-daan; oam dhaar; Ht rrin to loan Ht ÊiL½Á rrin deoyaa; Ht ±mÁ rrin karaa local ÅÕapd½ sthaaniiya locality ±a· kaach; ÅÕap sthaan to locate AcÅÕap spjií® ±mÁ abasthaan nirdesh karaa located -cydí (-c»dí) -bartii (-barttii) located in .. -AcsÅÕy -abasthita location ±a· kaach; ÅÕap sthaan; sÅÕsy sthiti lock ya¬Á taalaa to lock ya¬Á ¬a³ajpÁ (¬a³ap+) taalaa laagaano (laagaana); ya¬Á ÊiL½Á taalaa deoyaa locked up ya¬acï taalaabandha locust zåza¬ pangapaal lodging place Aaca\ aabaas; AÅÕa½d ca\ÅÕap asthaayii baasasthaan log ±ajwm ÓsE kaather guri logic nfs»M yukti; y±í tarka to use logic nfs»M cÁ y±í ¬a³ajpÁ (¬a³ap+) yukti baa tarka laagaano (laagaana) logical nfs»M\åy yuktisangata; nfs»Mzgtí
yuktipuurna logical person nfs»Mcaid yuktibaadii lone J±Á ekaa loneliness sp¸ípyÁ nirjanataa lonely, lonesome J±a±d ekaakii; \ådãdp sangiihiin long [distance] igm duur long [physically] ¬BÃÁ lambaa; long [in time] id´í diirgha; id´í±a¬cºazd diirghakaal-byaapii long sword ymcasm tarabaari longevity id´í ¸dcp diirgha jiiban longing, eagerness Aa±aç²Á aakaankhaa; ca¦Á baanchaa; ¬a¬\Á laalasaa longsuffering, very patient id´í\sã© diirghasahisnu longsuffering, great patience id´í\sã©fyÁ diirghasahisnutaa look, appearance mÇz ruup; Ê¶ãamÁ cehaaraa look, glance ihsøzay drristipaat to look Êi²Á dekhaa to look around yÁs±j½ (yÁ±aS½Á) Êi²Á taakiye (taakaaiyaa) dekhaa to look at ya±ajpÁ (ya±ap+) taakaano (taakaana) to look for Ê²Ïa¸Á kh^ojaa; AjpÃ¿t ±mÁ anvesan karaa to look out, take care nYÐ ÊpL½Á yatna neoyaa; bjpajna³ ÊiL½Á manoyog deoyaa looking-glass, mirror Aa½pÁ aayanaa; izíp darpan looking to .., intent on Fiºy udyata loose ²a¬d khaalii; bf»M mukta; cïp ãjy
(ãSjy) Êbas¶y bandhan hate (haite) mocita; Aa¬³Á aalagaa to loose bf»M ±mÁ mukta karaa; cïp Êba¶p ±mÁ bandhan mocan karaa; ²a¬Á khaalaa loot ¬fTwp lunthan; Azãmt apaharan Lord ‘zvf prabhu Lord of all \ia‘zvf sadaaprabhu to lord it ‘zvfYÃ ±mÁ prabhutva karaa; ‘zvf ãL½Á prabhu haoyaa lorry ba¬caãd ³aEd maal-baahii gaarii to lose ãamajpÁ (ãamap+) haaraano (haaraana) loss ñ½ ksay; ñsy ksati; Az¶½ apacay lost ãasmj½ (ãamaS½Á) haariye (haaraaiyaa) a lot of, much Ajp± anek loud Ê¸ajm jore loudspeaker \Ãmcoí± nPò svar-bardhak yantra lovable ‘zdsy¸p± [-Á] prritijanak [-aa] love Ê‘zb prem; va¬ca\Á bhaalabaasaa; Ê\Ðã sneha; vs»M bhakti mutual love zmÅÚm Ê‘zb paraspar prem love for one another zmÅÚjmm ‘zsy Ê‘zb parasparer prati prem; Jj± Azjmm ‘zsy Ê‘zb eke aparer prati prem love of money opa\s»M dhanaasakti; qa±Á-z½\am ‘zsy Asysm»M va¬ca\Á taakaa-payasaar prati atirikta bhaalabaasaa to love Ê‘zb ±mÁ prem karaa; vaj¬aca\Á (va¬ca\Á) bhaalobaasaa (bhaalabaasaa) lover, male Ê‘zsb± premik; ‘zt½d pranayii; pa½± naayak
lover, female Ê‘zsb±Á premikaa; ‘zt½dsp pranayiini; pas½±Á naayikaa loving Ê‘zbb½ premamay; Ê‘zbd premii; Ê\Ðã®d¬ snehashiil; Ê‘zbzgtí -loving -s‘z½ -priya low spBÐ nimna; ±b kam; sp¶f nicu; pgºp nyuun lowly spBÐ nimna to lower ±bajpÁ (±abap+) kamaano (kaamaana); pabajpÁ (pabap+) naamaano (naamaana) loyal \aof saadhu; sc®ÃÅÙ bishvasta; côî bashya; Aapf³y aanugata loyal love côîyÁ bashyataa; Apf³yº anugatya; i½Á dayaa loyalty \aofyÁ saadhutaa; sc®ÃÅÙyÁ bishvastataa luck va³º bhaagya lucky va³ºcap bhaagyabaan luggage ba¬ maal; ³Ïawsm g^aathari; Êbaq mot lunar ¶að‘i caandra; ¶ð‘i´sqy candraghatita lunatic, mad za³¬ paagal; Êca±Á bokaa lunch Ûzfjmm ²acam dupurer khaabaar; boºaãM Êva¸p madhyaahna bhojan lung xf\zf\Î phus-phus'; ca½fj±a¿ baayukos lust Ê¬av lobh; ±ab kaam; ±aba\»M kaamaasakta; ±ajbaó·Á kaamocchaa luxurious sc¬as\ bilaasi luxury sc¬a\d bilaasii; sc¬as\yÁ bilaasitaa lying, located AcsÅÕy abasthita
lying, reposing ëj½ (ëS½Á) shuye (shuiyaa) lying, speaking lies sbuºacaid mithyaabaadii lyric ³dy-±scyÁ giit-kabitaa; ³dsy±scyÁ giitikabitaa M machine nPò yantra; ±¬ kal machinery nPòzasy yantrapaati mad za³¬ paagal; FPÂai unmaad madness FPÂ» unmatta madam \BöaPÙ bsã¬Á sambhraanta mahilaa to madden Êñjz (Êñsz½Á) y›¬Á ksepe (ksepiyaa) tulaa; ÊñzÁ ksepaa maddened Êñjz (Êñsz½Á) ksepe (ksepiyaa) made spsbíy (spsBÂí») nirmitta (nirmmita) magazine \abs½±zsê±Á \abs½±d samayikii magic Sð‘i¸a¬ indrajaal; naÛ yaadu magnet ¶fBÃ± cumbak magnificent ¶bù±am camat'-kaar to magnify Asymsªy ±mÁ atiranjita karaa; cE ±mÁ bara karaa maid ±ðîÁ kanyaa maiden ±‚bamd kumaarii mail ea± daak maimed pf¬Á nulaa main bg¬ muul; ‘zoap pradhaan mainly ‘zoaty@ pradhaanatahha to maintain, keep going c¸a½ ma²Á bajaay raakhaa
man bapf¿ maanus; bpf¿º manusya to manage zsm¶a¬p ±mÁ paricaalan karaa; cºcÅÕÁ ±mÁ byabasthaa karaa to manage to see Êis²jy zaL½Á dekhite paaoyaa I am managing, coping Aabam ¶j¬ aamaar cale management zsm¶a¬pÁ paricaalanaa; ®a\p shaasan; cºcÅÕazpÁ byabasthaapanaa manager zsm¶a¬± paricaalak; ®a\± shaasak; cºcÅÕaz± byabasthaapak mango Aab aam mania casy± baatik; FBÂ»yÁ ummattataa manifest ‘z±a® Aaj· [Jbp] prakaash aache [eman] manifestation ‘z±a®‘zaszÙ manifesting... -b½ -may manifesto SÅÙaãam istaahaar mankind bapc¸asy maanab-jaati manner, conduct mdsy riiti; Aa¶mt aacaran manner, method Fza½ upaay; oamÁ dhaaraa; ‘z±am prakaar; vac bhaab manslaughter pmãyºÁ narahatyaa manslayer pm´ay± naraghaatak manual, by hand ãÅÙ¶as¬y hastacaalita manual, guide-book \am‘³PÕ saaragrantha to manufacture Fùzaip ±mÁ ut'-paadan karaa manure \am saar manuscript ãÅÙs¬s²y hastalikhita many Ajp± anek; cÀ bahu; ±y! kata!; praapti
papap naanaan many offspring cÀcÈ® bahubanºsha map p±…®Á (p±®Á) nak'-shaa (nakashaa); baps¶ê maan-citra margin ‘zaPÙ praanta oamÁ dhaaraa marine \abfs‘i± saamudrik marital \Ãabd-Åòd-\BÃïd½ mark, spot s¶ãM cihna; ia³ daag mark, target ¬ñ laksa market ca¸am baajaar; ãaq haat; sczst bipani; scztd bipanii marriage sccaã bibaah marrow bæ¸Á majjaa to marry sccaã ±mÁ bibaah karaa; scj½ ±mÁ biye karaa marsh sc¬ bil; ¸¬avgsb jalaabhuumi martial \absm± saamarik martial law \absm± ®a\p saamarik shaasan martyr ®ãdi shahiid marvel Aaô¶níº aashcaryya marvellous scÅÂ½±am bismayakaar; AIÖgy adbhuut Mary Êbmd merii; bsm½b mariyam masculine zfÈ-¸ayd½ punº-jaatiiya; c¬Îcap bal'-baan mask bfj²a® mukhosh; ·¬ chal massacre ãyºa±aÝ hatyaakaanda; ³tãyºÁ ganahatyaa mass killing cºaz± ãyºÁ byaapak hatyaa masses ¸p\aoamt janasaadhaaran master ‘zvf prabhu; s®ñ± shiksak; ±yíÁ (±»íÁ) kartaa (karttaa)
mat baÛm maadur match for fire si½a®¬aS diyaashalaai; Êi®¬aS deshalaai match logically ‘zsyjnas³yÁ pratiyogitaa mate \åd sangii; \Ãabd cÁ Åòd svaamii baa strii material, physical zasuíc paarthiba; caÅÙsc± baastabik; ¸E jar material, substance ziauí padaartha; Fzaiap upaadaan; ba¬ maal materialism ¸Ecai jarabaad; cÅßyPòcai bastutantrabaad materialistic cÅßyPòcaid bastutantrabaadii; ¸Ecaid jarabaadii to materialize, make appear mÇzaPÙsmy ±mÁ ruupaantarita karaa to materialize, produce ±ajní (±ajníº) zsmty ãL½Á kaarye (kaaryye) parinata haoyaa materially, mainly bg¬y@ muulatahh; Ayºacôî±mÇjz atyaabashyak-ruupe materially, physically zasuíc vajc paarthiba bhaabe mathematics AÈ±®aÅò anºkashaastra; ³sty ganita matter, physical substance ziauí padaartha matter, subject sc¿½ bisay mattress Êya¿± tosak; ³si gadi mature zgtí puurna; zaØþ paakka; zsmzØþ paripakka; za±Á paakaa maturity zsmzØþyÁ paripakkataa; zgtíyÁ puurnataa maximum \jcíaó¶ sarvocca; \CÃíso± sarvvaadhik
baoºjb maadhyame mediator boºÅÕ cºs»M madhyastha byakti medical person s¶s±ù\± cikit'-sak medicine è¿o oosadh; F¿fo usudh; iaL½Á daaoyaa to meditate oºap ±mÁ dhyaan karaa meditation oºap dhyaan medium, middle boº madhya; boºcydí (boºc»dí) ÅÕap madhyabartii (madhyabarttii) sthaan medium, channel baoºb maadhyam meek pmb naram; bhÛ mrridu; bhÛ®d¬ mrridushiil to meet, gather \añaù ±mÁ saaksaat' karaa; \vaÅÙ ãL½Á sabhaasta haoyaa to meet, fill needs sbqajpÁ (sbqap+) mitaano (mitaana) meeting \vÁ sabhaa meeting place \vaÅÕ¬ sabhaasthal; \añajym ÅÕap saaksaater sthaan melodious \fjm¬Á surelaa melody \fsbø \È³dy sumista sanºgiit; ³ap gaan to melt ³¬ajpÁ (³¬ap+) galaano (galaana); ³s¬½Á naL½Á galiyaa yaaoyaa member of group \i\º sadasya memorable ÅÂmtd½ smaraniiya; sc²ºay bikhyaat Memorial Day ÅÂmtajuím sic\ smaranaarther dibas memorial sign ÅÂhsys¶ãM smrriticihna memorial, as a memory ÅÂmtajuím smaranaarther to memorize ÅÂmt ±mÁ smaran karaa;
bjp ma²Á mane raakhaa; bf²fÅÕ ±mÁ mukhustha karaa memory, power ÅÂhsy smrriti; ÅÂmt smaran; ÅÂhsy®s»M smrritishakti memory, experience Asv¡yÁ abhijnataa ("abhigyataa") meningitis bsÅÙÑþ-s¹lìdm ‘ziaã pradaaha menstrual Åòd-Hyf \BÃïd½ strii-rritu mental baps\± maanasik mention, note Fjlì² ullekh; Ssåy ingit; Aaj¬a¶pÁ aalocanaa to mention Fjlì² ±mÁ ullekh karaa; Ssåy ±mÁ ingit karaa merchant cst± banik merciful i½a¬f dayaalu; Ê\Ðã®d¬ snehashiil; ±mÆtab½ karunaamay; Ê\Ðãb½ snehamay mercy i½Á dayaa; Apf‘³ã anugraha; Ê\Ðã sneha; ±mÆtÁ karunaa mere, merely ëof shudhu; Ê±c¬ kebal; J±baê ek-maatra merits Êna³ºyÁ yogyataa merriment Flìa\ ullaas; Aapði aananda message \Ècai sanºbaad; cayíÁ (ca»íÁ) baartaa (baarttaa) messenger \Ècai-iayÁ sanºbaad-daataa; \Ècai-caã± sanºbaad-baahak metal oay› dhaatu method ‘zta¬d pranaalii; zÄsy paddhati; êMb kram microscope Apfcdñt nPò anubiiksan yantra
mis- A- a-; sc- bi- misbehaviour A\ia¶amt asadaacaaran miscellaneous scsco bibidh; scsvpÐ bibhinna mischief Aspø anista; ñsy ksati; Az±am apakaar; ãasp haani miscreant, wicked person Ûma¶am duraacaar misdeed ±‚±bí kukarma; Azmao aparaadh miserable Û@²d duhhakhii; sp@\Ã nihhasva; AsyW atistha misery Û@² duhhakha; ±ø kasta; Ûscí¿½ durbisay misfortune, hardship sczi bipad; Û@² duhhakha to misguide vf¬zju ¶a¬pÁ ±mÁ caalanaa karaa; öasPÙ ¸PÂajpÁ (¸ð‰ap+) bhraanti janmaano (janmaana) mishap Û´íqpÁ durghatanaa to misinterpret vf¬ Auí ±mÁ bhul artha karaa to mislead sczi³abd ±mÁ bipad-gaamii karaa; öasPÙ ¸PÂajpÁ (¸ð‰ap+) bhraanti janmaano (janmaana) misled öaPÙ bhraanta; scöaPÙ bibhraanta Miss ±‚bamd kumaarii miss A±„y±aníyÁ (A±„y±aníºyÁ) akrritakaaryataa (akrritakaaryyataa) to miss, fail to hit ¬ñº ±mjy (±smjy) pÁ zamÁ laksya kar-te (karite) naa paaraa to miss, feel the lack ¬ñº Ê·jE (·aEaS½Á) naL½Á laksya chere (chaaraaiyaa) yaaoyaa missionary obí-‘z¶am± (oBÂí-‘z¶am±) dharma-pracaarak (dharmma-pracaarak); pathe
sb®pamd mishanaarii mist ±‚¸Î¹sq±Á kujjhatikaa mistake v›¬ bhul mistakes v›¬öasPÙ bhul-bhraanti mistress of house ±êdí kartrii; ³hsãpd grrihinii mistress at school s®ñs½êd shiksayitrii misunderstanding v›¬ Auí cfs¹jy bhul artha bujhite mix sb®Á mishaa to mix sb‘®t ±mÁ mishran karaa; sb¬p ±mÁ milan karaa; sb¬ajpÁ (sb¬ap+) milaano (milaana) mixture sb‘®t mishran; sb¬p milan mob iaåa±amd ¸pyÁ daangaakaarii janataa mobile ¶¬p®d¬ calan-shiil to mock Fzãa\ ±mÁ upahaas karaa mode, form, state Aa±am aakaar model to be followed Aai®í aadarsha moderate boºb madhyam; ba¹asm maajhaari; boºzPÕd madhyapanthii modern Aaofsp± aadhunik; pgyp nuutan modern day Aaofsp± ±a¬ aadhunik kaal moderns, modern people Aaofsp± Ê¬aj±mÁ aadhunik lokeraa modest Êna³º yogya; scp½d binoyii; v‘i bhadra; s®ø shista; \dsby ñbyÁ \Ãd±am ±jm Jbp siimita ksamataa sviikaar kare eman modesty Êna³ºyÁ yogyataa; scp½ binay; v‘iayÁ bhadrataa; s®øyÁ shistataa; \dsby ñbyÁ \Ãd±am ±mÁ Jbp siimita ksamataa sviikaar karaa eman modification zsmcyíp (zsmc»íp)
paribartan (paribarttan) to modify zsmcyíp (zsmc»íp) ±mÁ paribartan (paribarttan) karaa moist \abaðî sv¸Á saamaanya bhijaa; Aa‘i aadra moisture Aa‘iyÁ aadrataa molestation FùzdEp ut'piiran moment bfãgyí (bfãg»í) muhuurta (muhuurtta); spjb¿ nimes monarch \b÷aq samraat; ma¸Á raajaa monarch ma¸yPò raaj-tantra money, finance Auí artha money in hand daily qa±Á taakaa; z½\Á payasaa love of money opa\s»M dhanaasakti -monger -L½a¬Á -oyaalaa monkey capm baanar monotonous J±j´j½ ek-gheye monsoon bm\fb marasum month ba\ maas monthly bas\± maasik months, seasons: [see Grammar 58.1] monumental instructions Åšhsyj\ào smrritisoodha mood Êb¸a¸ mejaaj; bjpavac manobhaab; bjpm vac maner bhaab moon ¶ð‘i candra; ¶Ïai c^aad moonlight Ê¸ºaù\ÐÁ jyot'snaa; ¶ð‘is±mt candrakiran moral principle pdsy niiti moral, principled Ëpsy± neetik morality Ëpsy±yÁ neetikataa; pdsy®aÅò niitishaastra morbid cºaso‘³ÅÙ byaadhigrasta
more, larger amount, extent Aam aar; AamL aar-o; AajmÁ aaro; Aso± adhik more, extra Asysm»M atirikta; Êcs® beshi; Êc®d beshii more [comparative usage: see Study 55] more than cajmmL baarer-o moreover AamL aar-o; Asos±Pß adhikintu morning, morningtime \±a¬ sakaal; \±a¬ Êc¬Á sakaal belaa "Good morning!" : as "Good day!", etc . mortal, fatal \aç´asy± saanghaatik; ‘zatãm praanahar; bamaYÂ± maaraatmak mortal, subject to death bmp®d¬ bm mar mortgage cï± bandhak moslem bf\¬bap musal-maan mosque b\Îs¸i mas'jid mosquito b®Á mashaa most, more than all others [superlative usage: see Study 55] \cj¶j½ ... sab-ceye … ; \cí- (\CÃí-) sarva- (sarvva-); -yb -tam most dear s‘z½yb priyatam Most Holy zscêyb pavitratam Most High zmaùzm paraat'par most quantity, majority Aso±aÈ® adhikaanºsh most so, much so Êcs® beshi; Êc®d beshii; ²fc khub moth ±djq kiite mother AaBšÁ (AabÁ) aammaa (aamaa); bÁ maa; bayÁ maataa mother-in-law ®ÃaëEd shvaashurii; ®Ã‘®Ç shvashruu mother-tongue bayŸva¿Á maatrribhaasaa
motion, movement ³sy gati; ‘zÅÙac prastaab motion pictures ¶¬bap s¶êÓs¬ calamaan citraguli; ¶¬s¶ê calacitra to motivate FiÃfÄ ±mÁ udvuddha karaa motivated FiÃfÄ udvuddha motivation Ê‘zmtÁ preranaa motive Fjéôî uddeshya; ±amt kaaran; by¬c mat-lab; Ê‘zmtÁ preranaa mount, mountain zaãaE paahaar; zcíy (zCÃíy) parbat (parbbat) to mount, climb ¶EÁ caraa "sermon on the mount" zacíyº (zaCÃíyº) Fzji® paarbatya (paarbbatya) upadesh mountain zaãaE paahaar; zcíy (zCÃíy) parbat (parbbat) to mourn sc¬az ±mÁ bilaap karaa; Ê®a± ±mÁ shok karaa mourning Ê®a± shok; sc¬az bilaap mouse SÏÛm i^dur mouth bf² mukh mouthpiece, spokesman bf²zaê to move, change location ¶¬Á calaa; paEÁ naaraa to cause to move, drive ¶a¬ajpÁ (¶a¬ap+) caalaano (caalaana) moved emotionally Asvvœy abhibhuuta moved with pity ±mÆtÁ co karunaa bodh; ±mÆtascø karunaabista moved, urged ‘zjmas¶y prarocita; ‘zjtasiy pranodita; FiÃfÄ udvuddha to be moved to do ±mjy (±smjy) Ê‘zmtÁ zaL½Á kar-te (karite) preranaa paaoyaa
movement, change zsmcyíp (zsmc»íp) paribartan (paribarttan) movement, political campaign Aajðia¬p aandolan moving, emotive bbíÅÚ®dí marmasparshii; ¶¬p®d¬ calan-shiil much Ajp± anek; Êcs® beshi; Êc®d beshii; ‘z¶fm pracur as much yy tata; yyqf±‚ tatatuku; sw± yy thik tata this much Jy eta; Jyqf±±‚ etatuku; sw± Jy thik eta mud ±aiÁ kaadaa; ogs¬ dhuuli mule ²ó¶m khaccar; A®Ãym ashvatar multiplication Ótp gunan multipurpose cÀbf²d bahumukhii Mummy bÁ maa; AaBšÁ (AabÁ) aammaa (aamaa) municipality Êzàm\vÁ poorasabhaa murder ²fp khun; ãyºÁ hatyaa to murder ²fp ±mÁ khun karaa; ãyºÁ ±mÁ hatyaa karaa murderer ²fpd khunii; ãyºa±amd hatyaakaarii to murmur scEscE ±mÁ bir-bir karaa; scms»M ‘z±a® ±mÁ birakti prakaash karaa; scms»M c¶\Á ±mÁ birakti bacasaa karaa muscle baÈ\jz®d maanºsapeshii museum naÛ´m yaadughar; ‘zi®íp®a¬Á pradarshan-shaalaa music \È³dy sanºgiit Muslim: [see Moslem] must: [see "have to": G54.4] [I] must read [now] [Aabam J²p] zEjy ãjc
nasty ÊpaÈmÁ noºraa nation ¸asy jaati national anthem ¸ayd½ \È³dy jaatiiya sanºgiit national flag ¸ayd½ zya±Á jaatiiya pataakaa nationalism ¸ayd½yacai jaatiiyataabaad nationalist ¸ayd½yacaid jaatiiyataabaadii nationality ¸ayd½yÁ jaatiiyataa; ¸ayd½ zÍ±„sy jaatiiya prakrriti to nationalize maø÷a½YÃ ±mÁ raastraayatva karaa native Êi®d½ deshiiya; \Ã¸ay svajaat; Asoca\d adhibaasii natural \Ãavasc± svaabhaabik; ‘za±„sy± praakrritik natural disaster ‘za±„sy± sczní½ praakrritik biparyay naturally \Ãvacy@ svabhaabatahha; \Ãavasc± vajc svaabhaabik bhaabe nature ‘z±„sy prakrriti naughty Ûø dusta; Ûøf dustu naughtiness Ûøfsb dustumi Nazarene pa\myd½ naasaratiiya near sp±q nikat; Aigmcydí (Aigmc»dí) aduurabartii (aduurabarttii); sp±qÅÙ nikatasta; ±aj· kaache; Fz- upa- near at hand sp±qcydí (sp±qc»dí) (nikat-barttii) nearing Js³j½ egiye neat zsmó·pÐ paricchanna necessary Aacôî± aabashyak; im±asm ‘zj½a¸pd½ prayojaniiya necessity Aacôî±yÁ aabashyakataa;
‘zj½a¸p prayojan; im±am dar-kaar neck ³¬Á galaa; ´aE ghar need ‘zj½a¸p prayojan; Avac abhaab; im±am dar-kaar needle ÅgÏS s^uui; ·fÏ¶ ch^uc needy sp@\Ã nihhasva; spyaPÙ ism‘i nitaanta daridra negative in character AvacÅg¶± negative, denying A\Ãd±amÅg¶± asviikaar-suucak negative, disliking A‘zdsy±m apriitikar negative, pessimistic Êpsyca¶± netibaacak to neglect yasó·¬º ±mÁ taacchilya karaa; Acjã¬Á ±mÁ abahelaa karaa negligible p³tº naganya; Fjzñtd½ upeksaniiya to negotiate Aaj¬a¶pÁ ±mÁ aalocanaa karaa neighbour ‘zsyjc®d pratibeshii; ‘zsyca\d pratibaasii; zEs® parashi neighbourhood, vicinity zaEÁ paaraa; Ëp±qº neekatya neither JsqL pÁ, AðîsqL pÁ Jbp etio naa, anyatio naa eman; ã½ Jsq p½ Ê\sq hay eti nay seti neither cold nor hot pÁ ®dy¬ pÁ yzÙ naa shiital naa tapta nephew vaSjzÁ bhaaipo; vas³jp½ bhaaginey nepotism \Ã¸p‘zd½ svajanapriiya nerve \Ða½f snaayu; Ëisã± ®s»M deehik shakti -ness -yÁ -taa
nest pdE niir; zas²m ca\Á paakhir baasaa net ¸a¬ jaal; xÏai ph^aad neuter, eunuch pzfÈ\± napunºsak; û±dcs¬å kliibalinga neutral spmjzñ nirapeksa never ±²jpÁ p½ (±²pL pjã) kakhano nay (kakhan-o nahe); Ê±ajpÁ êMjb p½/pÁ (Ê±ap êMjb pjã) kono krame nay/naa (kona krame nahe) new pyfp natun, pgyp nuutan new-born pc¸ay nabajaata newcomer Aa³Pß± aagantuk news \Ècai sanºvaad; \ba¶am samaacaar; ²cm khabar newspaper \Ècai zê sanºvaad patra; \ba¶am zê samaacar patra; ²cm zê khabar patra next, adjacent ±aj·m kaacher next, following sw± zmcydí (zmc»dí) thik parabartii (parabarttii); Aa³abd aagaamii; zjm pare next, then yam (yaãam) zm taar (taahaar) par; yam (yaãam) zjm taar (taahaar) pare nice vaj¬Á (va¬) bhaalo (bhaala); \fðim sundar nickname ea±pab daak-naam night may raat; maêd raatrii; maê raatra night and day icamaê dibaaraatra nil ëpºayÁ shunyaataa; ëðî shunya; s±·fS p½ (pjã) kichu-i nay (nahe) the year nineteen fourteen FspÐ®' ® Ê¶àé \a¬ unnish' sha coodda saal no pÁ naa no doubt sp@\jðiã nihh-sandeha; Ê±ajpa
\jðiã ÊpS Ên ... (Ê±ap \jðiã paS Ên ... kono sandeha nei ye … (kona sandeha naai ye …) no way Ê±ajpÁ (Ê±ap) êMjb pÁ kono (kona) krame naa; ±²p-S p½ (pjã) kakhana-i nay (nahe) noble v‘i bhadra; Fiam udaar noble-minded bãapfvc mahaanubhab nobody, no one Ê±F pÁ keu naa; Ê±ã pÁ keha naa noise Ê±a¬aã¬ kolaahal; ³Ýj³a¬ gandagol; Ê³a¬ba¬ golamaal noisy Ê±a¬aã¬zgtí kolaahal-puurna nomadic öbt®d¬ bhraman-shiil nominal, in name paboamd naam-dhaarii; pabd½ naamiiya; pajbbaê naamemaatra nominal, slight \abaðî saamaanya non- sc- bi-; A- a- non-cooperation A\ãjna³ asahayog non-living Ak¸c ajeeba none Ê±ap ... paS kona ... naai nonsense y›ó· tuccha; Auíãdp ±uÁ arthahiin kathaa noon Ûzfm dupur; Ûzfm Êc¬Á dupur belaa normal, general, usual \aoamt saadhaaran; sp½sby niyamita; \Ãavasc± svaabhaabik normal, generally accepted Asy\aoamt atisaadhaaran normally \aoamty (\aoamty@) saadhaaranata (saadhaaranatahha); \Ãavasc± mdsyjy svaabhaabik riitite normally viewed \Ãavasc± cj¬ (cs¬½Á) omÁ ã½ svaabhaabik bale (baliyaa) dharaa hay
north F»m uttar north direction F»m si±Î uttar dik' nose pa± naak; pas\±Á naasikaa to nose, interfere Apso±am ¶¶íÁ ±mÁ anadhikaar carcaa karaa nostril paj±m ³yí naaker garta; paj±m s·‘i naaker chidra; pas\±Á naasikaa not [see Study 33] pÁ naa; p½ (pjã) nay (nahe); ÊpS (paS) nei (naai) not to be: am not, is not, are not, etc. (Imagine "not to be" "pÁ ãL½Á naa haoyaa" being compressed into a notional infinitive "pL½Á" "naoyaa". This word does not exist, but it might help you in understanding how the following verb declension is developed and used in comparison with "to be" "ãL½Á haoyaa".) [Studies 11, 17, 33] : pS,pL, p½, pp (psã, pjãÁ, pjã, pjãp) nai, nao, nay, nan (nahi, naho, nahe, nahen) not being in existence [Study 33] ÊpS (paS) nei (naai) or not [see Study 18] s± pÁ ki naa; pÁ s± naa ki notable Fjlì²jna³º ullekh-yogya note of money qa±am Êpaq taakaar not note of music \Ãm svar note of observation ¬ñº laksya noteworthy ÅÂmtd½ smaraniiya; ‘zs\Ä prasiddha nothing s±·f[S] p½ (pjã, pÁ) kichu[i] nay (nahe, naa) notice Ê´a¿tÁ ghosanaa; sc¡azp bijnaapan ["bigyaapan"] to notice ¬ñº ±mÁ laksya karaa
notification Ê´a¿tÁ ghosanaa; sc¡azp-zê bijnaapan-patra ["bigyaapan-patra"] notorious person, well-known for badness ±‚²ºaq kukhyaata notorious in quality, well-known for badness cipab bad-naam; Ûpíab durnaam notwithstanding \jYÃL (\j»¢L) satveo (sattveo) novice ±Ïa¶Á k^aacaa now J²p ekhan; J ñjp e ksane nuclear Aapsc± aanabik; zmbapsc± paramaanabik nucleus Ê±ð‘iÅÕ¬ kendrasthal nude F¬å ulanga nuisance Fùzay ut'paata; ¸ªa¬ janjaal number - [cardinals: see Grammar 57.1] \È²ºÁ sanºkhyaa; c¶p bacan number - fractions [ see Grammar 57.2] number - ordinal [see Grammar 57.3] number - date [see Grammar 58.2] number - telling time [see Grammar 58.3] numeral AÈ± anºka numerous cÀ\È²º± bahusanºkhyak; Ajp± anek; papap naanaan nurse oaêd dhaatrii nut caiab baadaam nutrition zfsø pusti; Êza¿t posan O O! [Study 22] Êã! he! O.K.! vaj¬Á (va¬) bhaalo (bhaaala), Aa¶·Á aachaa! oath ®zu shapath obedience côîyÁ bashyataa, Aa¡apfcsyíyÁ aanaanubartitaa
obedient caoº baadhya, Aa°apfcydí aan²aanubartii to obey bapº ±mÁ maanya karaa, za¬p ±mÁ paalan karaa, bapÁ maanaa object, thing cÅß bastu object, target ¬ñº laksya to object Aazs» ±mÁ aapatti karaa obligation ±yícº (±»ícº) kartabya (karttabya) to oblige caoº ±mÁ baadhya karaa, casoy ±mÁ baadhita karaa obscene A®Ìd¬ ashliil, ÊpaÈmÁ non^raa observance ApfWap anusthaan observation zníjcñt paryabeksan to observe, pay attention ¬ñº ±mÁ laksya karaa; bjpajna³ ÊiL½Á manoyog deoyaa to observe, comply with za¬p ±mÁ paalan karaa to observe, watch zníjcñt ±mÁ paryabeksan karaa; ihsø zay ±mÁ drristi paat karaa obstacle caoÁ baadhaa, cºa´ay byaaghaata, ‘zsycï± pratibandhak to obtain zaL½Á paoyaa, ¬av ±mÁ laabha karaa obvious ÅÚø spasta; ‘zyd½bap pratiiyamaan occasion \b½ samay; Fz¬ñ upalaksa; \fjna³ suyog at the right occasion \sw± bfãgjyí (bfãgj»í) sathik muhuurte (muhuurtte) occasional Asp½sby aniyamita; ‘za\så± praasangik occasionally baj¹ baj¹ maajhe maajhe
occupant Aso±amd adhikaarii occupation chs» brritti; Êz®Á peshaa occupier vaEajq bhaaraate; i²¬±amd dakhal-kaarii to occupy i²¬ ±mÁ dakhal karaa; ca\ ±mÁ baas karaa to occur ´qÁ ghataa; ãL½Á haoyaa occurrence ´qpÁ ghatanaa ocean \bf‘i samudra o'clock [see G58.3] -qÁ -taa odd, strange AIÖgy adbhuut odour ³ï gandha of ... , -'s -Jm (-m) -er (-r) of ... , -s' -Êim -der Be off! Ûm ãL! dur hao! offence Êia¿ dos; Azmao aparaadh to offer ‘zÅÙac ±mÁ prastaab karaa; Fù\³í ±mÁ ut'sarga karaa; spjcip ±mÁ nibedan karaa; ¡azp ±mÁ jnaapan ("gyaapan") karaa offering Fzãam upahaar; cs¬ bali office ±anía¬½ (±anºía¬½) kaaryaalay (kaaryyaalay); Asx\ aphis; izÙm daptar officer ±bí¶amd (±BÂí¶amd) karmacaarii (karmmacaarii); Aso±asm± adhikaarik; ±bí±yíÁ (±BÂí±»íÁ) karmakarttaa (karmmakartaa) officially \m±amd vajc sarakaarii bhaabe offspring \PÙap santaan; cÈ® banºsha; cd¸ biij often ‘za½S praayai oil Ëy¬ teel ointment b¬b malam old, of age c½Åþ bayaska
old, elderly cfjEÁ buro old, in seniority cjEÁ (cE) baro (bara) old, worn, used zfmajpÁ, zfjmajpÁ (zfmap+) puraano, purono (purana) old age caÄí±º baarddhakya oligaarchy spsiíø Ê‘®tdm Ê¬a±jim IÃamÁ ³swy ®a\p nirdista shreniir dvaaraa gathita shaasan olive ¸¬zaS jal-paai omission vf¬ bhul; êÆqd trutii to omit cai ÊiL½Á baad deoyaa; FjzñÁ ±mÁ upeksaa karaa on -Jm Lzjm (-Jm Fzjm) -er opare (-er upare); -Êy -te; -J -e; -½ -y once J±cam ek-baar; J±\b½ ek-samay; J±iÁ ekadaa one, such a person [see G51.4] one, 1 J± ek one and a half ÊiE der one at a time Jj± Jj± eke eke oneself [see S51] spj¸ nije; \Ã½È svayanº to keep ... to oneself Aazpam ±aj· ... ma²Á aapanaar kaache ... raakhaa onion ÊzÏ½a¸ p^eyaaj; szÏ½a¸ p^iyaaj only J±baê ek-maatra; Ê±c¬ kebal; ëof shudhu; baê maatra only-begotten J±¸ay ek-jaata open Ê²a¬Á kholaa; FBÂf»M ummukta; ‘z±aôî prakaashya to open, expose Ê²a¬Á kholaa; ²f¬Á khulaa; ‘z±a® ±mÁ prakaash karaa; Fð‰f»M ±mÁ unmukta karaa open-hearted \m¬ saral; Fiam udaar openly ÅÚøy (ÅÚøy@) spastata
(spastatahha); ‘z±aôîvajc prakaashyabhaabe to speak openly Ê²a¬\Á ±jm (±sm½Á) c¬Á kholasaa kare (kariyaa) balaa operation, surgical treatment s¶s±ù\Á cikit'saa operation, work ±aní (±a½íº) kaarya (kaaryya) opinion b» matta; byaby mataamata; scjc¶pÁ bibecanaa; bp man opponent scjmaod birodhii opportunity \fjna³ suyog; Ac\m abasar to oppose ‘zsyjmao ±mÁ pratirodh karaa; caoÁ ÊiL½Á baadhaa deoyaa opposer sczñ bipaksa opposing - zsm- pari- opposite Fj¼qÁ ulto opposition sczñyÁ bipaksataa; scjmao birodh; caoÁ baadhaa to oppress FùzdEp ±mÁ ut'piiran karaa oppressed sp³hãdy nigrrihiita oppression Ayºa¶am atyaacaar optimism Aa®acaid aashaabaadii option z·ði pachanda; Só·Á icchaa or AucÁ athabaa; s±ÈcÁ kinºbaa; s±BÃÁ kimbaa; cÁ baa or, if not: [see Study 18] pÁ naa oral Êbàs²± mookhik orange fruit ±b¬Á kamalaa orbit ±ñ kaksa orchard xj¬m ca³ap phaler baagaan order, commandment Aaji® aadesh; spjií® nirdesh; Aa¡Á aajnaa ["aagyaa"] to order Aa¡Á ÊiL½Á aajnaa ["aagyaa"]
deoyaa orderliness ®hç²¬Á shrrinkhalaa; sp½sby AcÅÕÁ niyamita abasthaa; \fscpºa\ subinyaas out of order, not working Aj±j¸Á akejo ordinance ¸mÆmd AaSp jarurii aain ordinarily \aoamty (\aoamty@) saadhaaranata (saadhaaranatahha) ordinary \aoamt saadhaaran organ of body Aå anga; ‘zyå pratanga; ÊiãnPò dehayantra organization \È³wp sanºgathan; ‘zsyWap pratisthaan to organize \È´cÄ ±mÁ sanºghabaddha karaa; ³jE (³sE½Á) Êya¬Á gare (gariyaa) tolaa orient, east ‘za¶º praacya oriental ‘zaj¶ºm praacyer; ‘za¶º praacya origin, very beginning Fùzs» ut'patti; ‘zub AamBÖ pratham aarambha origin, source bg¬ muul; Fù\ã ut'sah original Êbàs¬± moolik; bg¬ muul; Aasi aadi; Aa\¬ aasal originally bg¬y (bg¬y@) muulata (mulatahha); ‘zuby (‘zyby@) prathamata (prathamatahha); Aasijy aadite origination ¸dcjpaIÖc jiivanodbhab orphan Jsyb etim; Apau anaath orphanage Jsyb²apÁ etim-khaanaa other Aðî anya; siÃyd½ dvitiiya; Azm apar any other Aðîj±ap anyakona otherwise Aðî ‘z±ajm anyaprakaare ought, would that [see Study 43] Ênp yena our Aabajim aamaader
to oust, put out, expel csãÑþ„y ±mÁ bahiskrrita karaa; csãÑþam ±mÁ bahiskaar karaa out, outside casãjm baahire; caSjm baaire; igjm duure out of use A‘z¶s¬y apracalita outbreak ‘zaÛvíac praadurbhaab outcast spcías\y nirbaasita outcry Aayípai (Aa»ípai) aartanaad (aarttanaad) outing ‘zjbai öbt pramod bhraman outline ²\EÁ khasaraa; zsmj¬² parilekh; Fjlì² ullekh outlook, view ihôî drrishya; ihsøj±apÎ drristikon' out of date Ê\j±j¬ sekele; A‘z¶s¬y apracalita outrage c¬aù±am balaat'kaar; Ayºa¶am atyaacaar outside casãm baahir; casãjm baahire; caSm baair; caSjm baaire outstanding, noteworthy Fjlì²jna³º outstanding, unpaid naãÁ ca±d zjE yaahaa baaki pare outward expression casãº± ‘z±a® baahyik prakaash outworking \BÚpÐ sampanna ovary seBÃj±a¿ dimbakos oven Fpfp unun over Fzjm upare over and over cajm cajm baare baare overall Êbaq mot; ÊbaéÁ moddaa to overcome zmas¸y ±mÁ paraajita karaa; yogya
parable pdsy±uazgtí ³lÚ niitikathaapuurna galpa paradise zmbji® param-desh; zmb \f²b½ ÅÕap param sukhamay sthaan paragon Fù±j¿ím Aai®í ut'karser aadarsha; ‘zsymÇz pratiruup paragraph Apfjó·i anucched parallel line \baPÙma¬ Êm²Á samaantaraal rekhaa parallel view \aihôî saadrrishya paraphrasing bg¬ c»Mcº c¬jy s³j½ muul baktavya balate giye parasite zm¸dcd parajiibii parcel ²Ý khanda pardon ñbÁ ksamaa; Acºaãsy iap abyaahati daan; bax maaph to pardon, excuse ñbÁ ±mÁ ksamaa karaa parents as a couple szyabayÁ pitaa maataa; cacabÁ baabaamaa; bacacÁ maabaabaa parents various szyabayamÁ pitaamaataaraa parklike garden zfjmaiºap purodyaan; Fiºap udyaan parliament \È\i sanºsad; AaSp \vÁ aain sabhaa part, portion AÈ® anºsha part, zone, area AÞ¬ ancal first part As‘³baÈ® agrimaanºsha furthest part, limit ‘zaPÙ praanta for our part, as far as I we are concerned Aabajim zjñ aamaader pakse in part AÈ®y@ anºshatahha in parts AaÈs®±vajc aanºshik-bhaabe
to part the hair Êqsm ±aqÁ teri kaataa to take part AÈ® ‘³ãt ±mÁ anºsha grahan karaa; AÈ® ÊpL½Á anºsha neoyaa partial, favouring zñzayd paksapaatii; AjzñÁ apeksaa partial, incomplete AaÈs®± aanºshik partiality zñzasyYÃ paksapaatitva; bf²jzñÁ mukhapeksaa participant AÈ®diam anºshiidaar; AÈ® ‘³aã± anºsha graahak; ®sm± sharik to participate AÈ® ‘³ãt ±mÁ anºsha grahan karaa participation \ãvas³yÁ sahabhaagitaa particular sw± thik; scj®¿ bishes; spsiíø nirdista particularly scj®¿-vajc bishes-bhaabe; scj®¿-mÇjz bishes-ruupe; -S -i parting farewell scia½d bidaayii parting greetings: "Let's meet again!" "Aas\!" "aasi!" "We must see you again!" "Aacam Êi²Á ãjc (ãSjc)!" "aabaar dekhaa habe (haibe)!" "Good-bye!" "bå¬ Êãa± (ãF±)!" "mangal hok (hauk)!" "Give my best wishes!" "Aabam ëjvó·Á sip!" "aamaar shubhecchaa din!" partition scva³ bibhaag partly, in part AÈ®y@ anºshatahha partner, husband zsy partner, wife zYÐd partner, sharer AÈ®diam anºshiidaar party, group i¬ dal in parties, factions i¬ais¬ dalaadali to pass away, die bjm (bsm½Á) naL½Á
path, course ³sy gati path, way zu path patience Ëoníº dheeryya; \sã©‚yÁ sahisn²utaa patient Ëoníb½ (Ëoníºb½) dheeryamay (dheeryyamay); \sã©f sahisn²u patriot \Ãji®j‘zsb± svadesh-premik pattern Aai®í aadarsha; pbfpÁ namunaa; Fiaãmt udaaharan pay, wages Êcyp betan to pay attention bjpajna³ ±mÁ manoyog karaa payable, due Êi½ dey payment ‘zi» Auí pradatta artha peace ®asPÙ shaanti "Peace be with you!" "Aa\Î\a¬abL½a¬aS±‚b!" "And with you be peace!" "L½a¬aS±‚bAa\Î\a¬ab!" peaceful ®asPÙzgtí shaantipuurna pearl bf»MÁ muktaa peasant, farmer ±„¿± krrisak; ¶a¿Á caasaa pebble pgsE nuuri peculiar, odd AIÖœy adbhuut peculiar, special scj®¿ bishes pedestrian zu¶amd pathacaarii peel Ê·a±¬Á chokalaa to peel Ê·a±¬Á ·aEajpÁ (·Eap+) chokalaa charaano (charaana); Ê·a¬Á cholaa to peer ya±ajpÁ (ya±ap+) taakaano (taakaana); J±qf ±aj·m Êuj± zníajcñt (zníºajcñt) ±mÁ ek-tu kaacher theke
peril sczi bipad perilous sczæ¸p± bipajjanak; sczi ¸p± bipad janak period ±a¬ kaal; \b½ samay; Êc¬Á belaa permanent ÅÕa½d sthaayii; Azsmcyípd½ (Azsmc»ípd½) aparibartaniiya (aparibarttaniiya) permission Apfbsy anumati permissive \ãp®d¬ sahan-shiil perpetual s¶mÅÕa½d cirasthaayii to persecute, afflict, torment nPòtÁ ±mÁ yantranaa karaa; naypÁ ±mÁ yaatanaa karaa to persecute, for beliefs yaEpÁ ±mÁ taaranaa karaa; FùzdEp ±mÁ ut'piiran karaa to persecute, harrass spníayp (spníºayp) ±mÁ niryaatan (niryyaatan karaa); sp³hãdy ±mÁ nigrrihiita karaa persecution spníayp (spníºayp) niryaatan (niryyaatan); ã½map hayaraan; yaEpÁ taaranaa persistence Aoºc\a½ adhyabasaay persistent Aoºc\a½d adhyabasaayii person Ê¬a± lok; cºs»M byakti personal cºs»M³y byaktigata personality cºs»MYÃ byaktitva personally [see Grammar 51.2] cºs»M³yvajc byaktigatabhaabe; Aazsp aapani; -S -i to persuade ‘zuº½ Fùzaip ±mÁ prathyay ut'paadan karaa persuasion ‘zjma¶tÁ prarocanaa; mas¸ raaji; ‘zuº½ prathyay
pertinence Fzjnas³yÁ upayogitaa; Êna³ºyÁ yogyataa pessimist spma®acaid niraashaabaadii; Û@²caid duhhakhabaadii; Êpsyca¶± Ê¬a± netibaacak lok pestilence bãabamd mahaamaarii petition for help ‘zauípÁ praarthanaa; Aajcip aabedan; im²aÅÙ darakhaasta pharoah xjmàt pharon phase znía½ (zníºa½) paryaay (paryyaay) phenomenon scÅÂ½±m ´qpÁ bismay-kar ghatanaa "celestial phenomena" "Aa±a®bÝj¬ scÅÂ½±m cºazam" "aakaash-mandale bishmay-kar byaapaar" philosopher ia®ísp± daarshanik philosophy i®íp®aÅò darshan-shaastra; i®íp-cai darshan-baad; i®íp-sciºÁ darshan-bidyaa phonetics Fó¶amtyYÃ uccaaran-tatva phonograph O¢sp‘³aãd dhvanigraahii photograph xjqÁ phato; Aaj¬a±s¶ê to take a photograph xjqÁ Êya¬Á phato tolaa physical, bodily Ëisã± deehik; ®amdsm± shaariirik; ‘zast± praanik physical, material zasuíc paarrthiba; ihôîy@ praanik physician s¶s±ù\± cikit'sak to pick out spmdñp ±mÁ niriiksan karaa picnic cpjva¸p ban-bhojan picture ·sc chabi; s¶ê citra; p±Î®Á nak'shaa
piece qf±jmÁ tukaro to pierce s·‘i ±mÁ chidra karaa piety oasbí±yÁ (oasBÂí±yÁ) dhaarmikataa (dharmmikataa); vs»M bhakti pig ëj½am shuyor; ®g±m shuukar Pilate zd¬ay piilaat pile ³aiÁ gaadaa to pile up ¸jEÁ ±mÁ jaro karaa pilgrim zsm‘ca¸± paribraajak; yduínaêd tiirthayaatrii; nasê± yaatrik pill of medicine è¿jom csE oosadher bari pillar ÅÙBÖ stambh; uab sthaam; Ac¬BÃp abalamban pillar of truth \jyºm ÅÙBÖ satyer stambha pillow cas¬® baalish pioneer A‘³³abd agragaamii pious oasbí± (oasBÂí±) dhaarmik (dhaarmmik) pipe [in music] cÏas® b^aashi pipe [in plumbing] p¬ nal pit ±ƒz kuup "the pit", common grave zaya¬ paataal pitch, bituminous Aa¬±aymÁ aalakaataraa pitchfork ±Ïaqam iÝ k^aataar danda pitiable ±mÆtÁ karunaa pity i½Á dayaa; ±mÆtÁ karunaa place ÅÕap sthaan; ¸aS³Á jaaigaa; ¸a½³Á jaayagaa place of - -ÅÕap -sthaan place of dwelling ca\ÅÕap baasasthaan; spca\ nibaas in place of zsmcjyí (zsmcj»í) paribarte (paribartte)
pleasant bjpamb manoram; \f²±m sukhakar; Aapðib½ aanandamay to please, choose for oneself Só·Á ±mÁ icchaa karaa to please, to be pleased by, to like, to prefer z·ði ±mÁ pachanda karaa to please, make happy ²fs® ±mÁ khushi karaa; ²f®d ±mÁ khushii karaa to please, satisfy \Pßø ±mÁ santusta karaa to please oneself, do something as one likes Aazpam Só·aby s±·f ±mÁ aapanaar icchaamata kichu karaa Please ...! i½Á ±jm (±sm½Á)! dayaa kare (kariyaa)! pleased Aapsðiy aanandita; ²fs® khushi; ²f®d khushii; \fs² sukhi; yŸzÙ trripta; Flìas\y ullasita to be pleased \Pßø ãL½Á santusta haoyaa well-pleased ‘zdy priita pleasure Aapði aananda; \f² sukh; Aamab aaraam; yŸszÙ trripti; ²f® khush; ‘zjbai pramod to take pleasure in - -Jm \sãy ‘zt½ ±mÁ sahit pranay karaa pleasure-trip ‘zjbai-öbt pramod-bhraman; ‘zjbai-naê pramod-yaatra plenty, abundance ‘za¶fní (‘za¶fníº) praacurya (praacuryya) plenty, enough nju«q yathesta to have plenty to do in - -Êy Fzs¶½Á zEÁ upaciyaa paraa plough ãa¬ haal; ¬aå¬ laangal to plough ã¬¶a¬pÁ ±mÁ halacaalanaa karaa ploughman ±„¿± krrisak
plural cÀc¶p bahubacan plus Asysm»M atirikta plus sign Êna³-s¶ãM yog-cihna pneumonia xf\Îxfj\m ‘ziaã phus'phuser pradaaha pocket zj±q paket; us¬ thali podium bÞ manca poem ±scyÁ kabitaa; ±acº kaabya; ziº padya poet ±sc kabi poetry ±scyÁ kabitaa; ±acº kaabya; ziº padya point, dot scðÛ bindu point, sharp tip À¬ hul point of decimal i®sb± s¶ãM dashamik cihna to point the finger AaçÓ¬ Êi²ajpÁ (Êi²ap+) aangul dekhaano (dekhaana) pointed in discussion nuanu yathaayatha poison sc¿ vis poisoned, polluted Ûs¿y ãj½j· dusita hayeche poisonous sc¿oamd bis-dhaarii pole ÊbmÆ meru police zfs¬® pulish police-station zfs¬j®m uapÁ pulisher thaanaa policy ®a\p pdsy shaasan niiti polite v‘i bhadra; s®ø shista political ma¸kpsy± raaj-neetik politician ma¸pdsy¡ raaj-niitijna politics ma¸pdsy raaj-niiti poligamy cÀsccaã bahubibaah
kh^uti; uab thaam postage ea±-ba\f¬ daak-maasul postman ea±-sz½p daak-piyan to postpone ÅÕs³y ±mÁ sthagita karaa potato Aa¬f aalu potential ±aní±m (±aníº±m) kaaryakar (kaaryyakar); x¬ia½± phal-daayak poultry ãÏa\-bgm³d h^aas-muuragii to pour ra¬Á dhaalaa poverty iasm‘iº daaridrya; Avac abhaab powder ÓÏjEÁ g^uro power, electrical scifºù bidyut' power, strength ®s»M shakti; c¬ bal powerful ®s»Mbap shaktimaan; c¬cap balabaan practical caÅÙsc± baastabik; cºcãasm± byabahaarik; ±aní±m (±aníº±m) kaaryakar (kaaryyakar) practical knowledge caÅÙc ¡ap baastab jnaan ["gyaan"]; cºcãasm± ¡ap byabahaarik jnaan ["gyaan"] practice, habit Avºa\ abhyaas practice, profession Êz®Á peshaa practices ±aníº±¬az (±aní±¬az) kaaryyakalaap (kaaryakalaap) to put into practice ‘zj½a³ ±mÁ prayog karaa; ±ajní ¬a³ajpÁ (±ajníº ¬a³ap+) kaarye laagaano (kaaryye laagaana) to practise, criticise, study profoundly ¶¶íÁ ±mÁ carcaa karaa to practise customarily Avºa\ ±mÁ abhyaas karaa to practise, follow za¬p ±mÁ paalan karaa; Apf®d¬p ±mÁ anushiilan karaa
practiser Ac¬BÃd abalambii; obíac¬BÃd dharmaabalambii praise ‘z®È\Á prashanºsaa; Fza\pÁ upaasanaa to praise ‘z®È\Á ±mÁ prashanºsaa karaa; Fza\pÁ ±mÁ upaasanaa karaa praiseworthy ‘z®È\pd½ prashanºsaniiya to pray ‘zauípÁ ±mÁ praarthanaa karaa; Êbapa¸ay ±mÁ monaajaata karaa prayer ‘zauípÁ praarthanaa to preach ‘z¶am ±mÁ pracaar karaa preaching ‘z¶am pracaar precautionary measure \y±íyabg¬± ±a¸ satarkataamuulak kaaj precise sw±S thik-i; nuanu yathaayatha; sw±-sw± thik-thik; spsiíø nirdista; zfç²apfzfç² punkhaanupunkha; spv›í¬ nirbhul precisely zfç²apfzfç²mÇjz punkhaanupunkharuupe; zfç²apfzfç²vajc punkhaanupunkhabhaabe to predict vasc¿ºycatd (vsc¿ºiÃatd) ±mÁ bhabisyat-baanii (bhabisyadvaanii) karaa prediction vasc¿ºycatd (vsc¿ºiÃatd) bhabisyat-baanii (bhabisyadvaanii) to predominate Aasozyº ±mÁ aadhipatya karaa preface vœsb±Á bhuumikaa to prefer, like more Aso±ym z·ði ±mÁ adhik-tar pachanda karaa preference A‘³aso±am agraadhikaa pregnancy ³víacÅÕÁ garbhaavasthaa; ³vícydyÁ garbhabatiitaa pregnant ³vícyd garbhabatii prejudice, bigotry ±‚\ÈÅþam kusanºskaar
to presume Apfbap ±mÁ anumaan karaa presumption Apfbap anumaan; Aãáam ahankaar presumptuous iasBÃ± daambik pretty, fair, beautiful \fðim sundar pretty, fairly Êbaqabfsq motaamuti to prevail ¸½ ¬av ±mÁ jay laabh karaa to prevent caoÁ ÊiL½Á baadhaa deoyaa; spcamt ±mÁ nibaaran karaa ua±ajpÁ (ua±ap+) thaakaano (thaakaana); csÞy ±mÁ bancitaa karaa; pÁ ÊiL½Á naa deoyaa; \smj½ (\maS½Á) ma²Á sariye (saraaiyaa) raakhaa preventing that, lest [see Study 40] zaj· paache prevention spcamt nibaaran; ‘zsyjmao pratirodh previous ³y gata; zgíccydí (zgCÃíc»dí) puurbabartii (puurbbabarttii); zgcí (zgCÃí) puurba (puurbba) price iab daam; bg¬º muulya price for release, ransom bfs»Mmbg¬º muktir-muulya without price/charge scpÁ bgj¬º binaa muulye to prick Ê²Ïa¶Á ÊiL½Á kh^ocaa deoyaa pride Aãáam ahankaar priest nan± yaayak; zfjmasãy purohit primary ‘zausb± praathamik; Êbàs¬± moolik; Aasib aadim prince ma¸±‚bam raaj-kumaar; Aoºñ adhyaksa "Prince of Peace" "®asPÙma¸" "shaantiraaj" principal, leading \cí‘zoap (\CÃí‘zoap)
sarvapradhaan (sarvvapradhaan); ‘zoap pradhaan; Aoºñ adhyaksa principle, basic rule pdsy niiti prior to, before -Jm Aaj³ -er aage; -Jm zgjcí (zgjCÃí) -er puurbe (puurbbe) priority A‘³³tºyÁ agraganyataa to print ·azÁ chaapaa printery ·aza²apÁ chaapaakhaanaa printing ·azÁ chaapaa prison Ê¸¬ jel; ±ama³am kaaraagaar prisoner cïd bandhii privacy Ê³azpd½yÁ gopaniiyataa private, personal sp¸\Ã nijasva; cºs»M³y byaktigata private, secret sp¸íp nirjan; Ê³azpd½ gopaniiya privilege scj®¿ \fscoÁ bishes subidhaa grand privilege bãap \fjna³ mahaan suyog prize zfmÅþam puraskaar probable \BÖc sambhab probably \BÖcy (\BÖcy@) sambhabata (sambhabatahh); ã½jyÁ (ã½y) hay-to (hay-ta) problem \b\ºÁ samasyaa to proceed Js³j½ (Aa³aS½Á) ¶¬Á egiye (aagaaiyaa) calaa process, system zÄsy paddhati procession ëvnaêÁ shubha yaatraa; Ê®avanaêÁ shobhaayaatraa proclamation Ê´a¿tÁ ghosanaa; ‘z±a® prakaash; ‘z¶am pracaar procured ‘zazÙ procurement ‘zaszÙ prodigal, wasteful Fzcº½d upabyayii;
Asbycº½d amitabyayii to produce FùzpÐ ±mÁ ut'pann karaa; Fùzaip ±mÁ ut'paadan karaa; ãas¸m ±mÁ haajir karaa produced Fùzaip ut'paadan product, fruit x¬ phal end product, outturn Ê®¿ ³sy shes gati production Fùzaip ut'paadan productive Fùzaip®d¬ ut'paadan-shiil profession, admission \Ãd±„sy sviikrriti profession, work Êz®Á peshaa professional person Êz®aiam peshaadaar professional, qualified Êz®aiamd peshaadaarii professor Aoºaz± adhyaapak profit ¬av laabh; bfpaxÁ munaaphaa; FpÐsy unnati to profit, gain benefit ¬avcapÎ ±mÁ laabhabaan' karaa; Fz±am ±mÁ upakaar karaa to profit, give benefit ¬avcapÎ ãL½Á laabhabaan' haoyaa to profit, make improvement FpÐsy ±mÁ unnati karaa profitable ¬av¸p± laabh-janak; Fz±amd upakaarii profusion scsvpÐ ‘z±„sy bibhinna prakrriti programme ApfWap anusthaan; ±aníêMb (±aníºêMb) kaaryakram (kaaryyakram) progress FpÐsy unnati; ‘z³sy pragati; A‘³³sy agragati progressive FpÐsy®d¬ unnatishiil; A‘³³abd agragaamii; A‘³\m agrasar to prohibit spj¿o ±mÁ nisedh karaa; spj¿o
±mÁ nisedh karaa; ‘zsyjmao ±mÁ pratirodh karaa prohibited sps¿Ä nisiddh prohibition ‘zsyjmao pratirodh proliferation ‘zsyjnas³yÁ pratiyogitaa prolific x¬‘z\g phalaprasuu; x¬‘zi phalaprad; Fùzaip®d¬ ut'paadan-shiil prominent sc²ºay bikhyaat; \bfpÐy samunnata; ‘zs\Ä prasiddha prominence ‘zs\sÄ prasiddhi; \bfpÐsy samunnati to promise ‘zsy¡Á ±mÁ pratijnaa ["pratigyaa"] karaa; Aåd±am ±mÁ angiikaar karaa; ‘zsy®ÍÆsy ÊiL½Á pratishruti deoyaa promised ‘zsy¡ay pratijnaata ["pratigyata"] Promised Seed ‘zsy¡ay cÈ® pratijnaata [ "pratigyaata"] banºsha to promote A‘³\m ±mÁ agrasar karaa; FpÐy ±mÁ unnata karaa; y›j¬ omÁ tule dharaa prompt, punctual sw± \bj½ thik samaye; yùzm tat'par pronounce Fó¶amt ±mÁ uccaaran karaa pronounced Fó¶asmy uccaarita pronunciation Fó¶amt uccaaran proof, evidence ‘zbat pramaan; \añº saaksya propaganda ‘z¶am pracaar proper Fznf»M upayukta; Fs¶y ucita; Fs¶ù ucit'; \bfs¶y samucit properly Fznf»Mvajc upayuktabhaabe; sw± mÇjz thik ruupe property \BÚs» sampatti
prophecy vsc¿ºiÃatd bhabisyadvaanii; vsc¿ºù catd bhabisyat' baanii; vaccatd bhaababaanii to prophesy vsc¿ºiÃatd c¬Á bhabisyadvaanii balaa; vsc¿ºù catd c¬Á bhabisyat' baanii balaa; vaccatd c¬Á bhaababaanii balaa prophet (Sanskrit) vsc¿ºiÃ»MÁ bhabisyadvaktaa; vsc¿ù caid bhabisyat' baadii; vaccaid bhaababaadii prophet (Islamic background) z½³BÃm pay-gambar prophet (Hebrew/Arabic) pcd nabii propitiatory, covering ‘za½sô¶» praayashcitta; ra±pÁ dhaak-naa proposal ‘zÅÙac prastaab to propose ‘zÅÙac ±mÁ prastaab karaa; ‘zÅÙac ÊpL½Á prastaab neoyaa proprietor bas¬± maalik; Aso±amd adhikaarii to prosecute, proceed ¶a¬ajpÁ (¶a¬ap+) caalaano (caalaana) prospect ‘zyºa®Á pratyaashaa prospective \BÖacº prosperity \bhsÄ samrriddhi prostitute, harlot Êc®ºÁ beshyaa prostitute [male, fallen person] zsyy patita prostitute [female, fallen person] zsyyÁ patitaa to protect mñÁ ±mÁ raksaa karaa; ‘zsymñÁ ±mÁ pratiraksaa karaa protection Aa‘®½ aashray; mñt raksan protest ‘zsycai pratibaad prototype pbfpa\ÃmÇz namunaasvaaruup
proud AãÈ±amd ahanºkaarii; iasBÖ± daambhik to prove ‘zbat ±mÁ pramaan karaa proverb sãjyazji® hitopadesh; ‘zcai ca±º prabaad baakya to provide Êna³ajpÁ (Êna³ap+) yogaano (yogaana); ‘ziap ±mÁ pradaan karaa; \mcmaã ±mÁ sarabaraaha karaa province ‘zji® provision, facilitation Aaj½a¸p aayojan provision, needs ‘icº drabya provision, supply \mcmaã sarabaraaha provisionally AÅÕa½d vajc asthaayiibhaabe provisions Aaj½a¸p aayojan; \mcmaã sarabaraaha to provoke anger ma³ajpÁ (ma³ap+) raagaano (raagaana); Fj»s¸y ±mÁ uttejita karaa provoked ma³aspÃy raagaanvita; Fj»s¸y uttejita prudent sc¡ bijna ["bigya"] psychology bjpasc¡ap manobijnaan ["manobigyaan"] public, the people c»MÁ baktaa public, open to the people ¸p\aoamt janasaadhaaran public speaker c»MÁ baktaa public talk c»hMyÁ baktrritaa publication, publishing ‘z±a® prakaash publicity agent [male] ‘z¶am± pracaarak publicity agent [female] ‘z¶asm±Á pracaarikaa publicly ‘z±aôî prakaashya; ¸p\aoamjtm
±aj· janasaadhaaraner kaache; ¸p\aoamjtº janasaadhaaranye publisher ‘z±a®± prakaashak pull, attraction Aa±¿ít aakarsan pull, tug qap taan to pull, attract Aa±¿ít ±mÁ aakarsan karaa to pull, draw, tug qapÁ taanaa; qap ÊiL½Á taan deoyaa pulse, frequency paEd naarii pulse, lentil ea¬ daal; ia¬ daal pulverized Fs¶pÐ ucinna; ¶œtísc¶œtí cuurnabicuurna to punch oaØþÁ dhaakkaa; Aa´ay ÊiL½Á aaghaat deoyaa punctual \b½spW samay-nistha; sw± \bj½m thik samayer punctually sw± \bj½ thik samaye; nua\bj½ yathaasamaye to punish ®asÅÙ ÊiL½Á shaasti deoyaa; iÝ ÊiL½Á danda deoyaa punished isÝy dandita punishment ®asÅÙ shaasti; iÝ danda pupil of class [male] ·aê chaatra pupil of class [female] ·aêd chaatrii pupil of eye yamÁ taaraa puppet zfy›¬ putul purchase êM½ kray to purchase êM½ ±mÁ kray karaa pure scëÄ bishuddha; zaØþÁ paakkaa; spÑþ¬á niskalanka purely ëofbaê shudhumaatra; Ê±c¬baê kebal-maatra purgatory zfm³aymd puragaatarii to purge zsmÑþam ±mÁ pariskaar karaa;
zsmÑþ„y ±mÁ pariskrrita karaa purification Ê®aop shodhan purity scëÄyÁ bishuddhataa purpose Fjéôî uddeshya; Asv‘za½ abhipraay to purpose to do ±mjy (±smjy) ¶¬Á kar-te (karite) calaa purposeful Fjéôîb½ uddeshyamay purse us¬ thali to pursue Apf\mt ±mÁ anusaran karaa to push Êw¬Á thelaa; Êw¬abamÁ thelaamaaraa; oaØþÁ ÊiL½Á dhaakaa deoyaa put to death ãy hata to put, establish ÅÕazp ±mÁ sthaapan karaa to put, keep, place ma²Á raakhaa to put off, defer Êxj¬ (Êxs¬½Á) ma²Á phele (pheliyaa) raakhaa to put off, extinguish spvajpÁ (spvap+) nibhaano (nibhaana) to put on, apply ¬a³ajpÁ (¬a³ap+) laagaano (laagaana) to put on, dress with zsmoap ±mÁ paridhaan karaa to put out, expel, oust csãÑþ„y ±mÁ bahiskrrita karaa; csãÑþam ±mÁ bahiskaar karaa to put out, extinguish spvap ±mÁ nibhaan karaa to put to death ãyºÁ ±mÁ hatyaa karaa to put up, erect Êya¬Á tolaa to put up with, tolerate \N ±mÁ sahya karaa puzzled, confused scöasPÙjy Êxj¬
bibhraantite phele Q quake ±BÚ kampa qualification, characteristic Ót gun; ¶smê caritra qualification, suitability Êna³ºyÁ yogyataa qualified \ñb saksam; Êna³º quality, character Ót gun quality, standard bap maan; Ót³y bap maan quality, way ‘z±am prakaar; m±b rakam quantity zsmbat parimaan; \È²ºÁ sanºkhyaa quarrel ¹³EÁ jhagaraa quarter, fourth of a whole ¶y›uíaÈ® caturthaanºsha a quarter, fourth part ¶am vaj³m J± va³ caar bhaager ek bhaag quarter to ...: time [Grammar 58.3] Êzàjp ...-qÁ poone ...-taa quay Ê¸sq jeti; ´aq ghaat queen matd raanii queer, strange, odd AIÖfy adbhut; A\aoamp asaadhaaran to quench spvajpÁ (spvap+) nibhaano (nibhaana); ‘z®sby ±mÁ prashamita karaa question ‘z®Ð prashna; \È®½ sanºshay; \b\ºÁ samasyaa queue ¬aSp laain to queue, wait in line ¬aSjp AjzñÁ ±mÁ laaine apeksaa karaa quick ®d‘´shiighra; ‘iÆy druta quickly yaEayasE taaraataari
quiet ®aPÙ shaanta; spmdã niriiha quit yºa³ ±mÁ karaa quite, completely \BÚgpívajc sampuurnabhaabe; \BÚgtímÇjz sampuurnaruupe quite, rather, fairly Êc® besh quite a few, several Êc® ±j½±qÁ besh kayek-taa quotation FÄ„sy uddhrriti; FÄ„y c¶p uddhrrita bacan to quote FÄ„y ±mÁ uddhrrita karaa Quran, Qur'aan, Koran Ê±amap koraan R race, people ¸asy jaati race, run ÊiàE door; ÊiàEca¸d door-baajii race hatred ¸asyscjiÃ¿ jaatibidves racial ¸asy³y jaatigata radiance Fæ¸¬yÁ ujjalataa radiation scs±mt bikiran radio ÊmseL redio; Êcyam betaar radio wave Êcyam ymå betaar taranga rag s·pÐ cÅò²Ý chinna bastrakhanda rage ma³ raag; ÊêMao krodh raid AaêMbt aakraman rail Êm¬ rel railing ÊcEÁ beraa railway Êm¬zu rel-path rain chsø brristi; c¿íÁ barsaa rainbow mÈopf ranºdhanu;mabopf raamadhanu rainy cai¬Á baadalaa; Êb´¬Á megh-laa rainy season [see Grammar 58.1] c¿ía±a¬ barsaakaal to raise Êya¬Á tolaa; spbíat (spBšíat)
±mÁ nirmaan (nirmmaan) karaa; Fõazp ±mÁ utthaapan karaa; Fõaszy ±mÁ utthaapita karaa raised Fõaszy utthaapita rank Ê‘®td shrenii random Jj¬ajbj¬Á elomelo ransom bfs»Mmbg¬º muktir-muulya as a ransom bfs»Mmbg¬º\ÃmÇjz rape o¿ít dharsan; c¬aù±am balaat'kaar rapid ‘iÆy druta; ‘iÆy³abd drutagaamii rare scm¬ biral; A\abaðî asaamaanya rash, headstrong ãw±amd hathakaarii; Ê³Ïa½am g^oyaar rash on skin x‚\±‚sE phusakuri rat SÏÛm i^dur rate ãam haar; spsiíø bg¬º nirdista muulya rather, but cmÈ baranº; cmÞ baranca rather, quite ²fc khub rather than saying yÁ pÁ cj¬ (yaãÁ pÁ cs¬½Á) taa naa bale (taahaa naa baliyaa) ratio Apfzay anupaat rational nfs»Mzgtí yuktipuurna ravaged scO¢ÅÙ bidhbasta raw ±Ïa¶Á k^aacaa razor ²fm khur; ñ‚m ksur re- zfp- (zfp@-) puna- (punahh-) to reach, get as far as ÊzÏa·ajpÁ (ÊzÏa·ap+) p^ochaano (p^ochaana) to reach, gain possession of ‘zazÙ ãL½Á praapta haoyaa reachable ÊzÏa·ajpÁ (ÊzÏa·ap+) na½ Jbp p^ochaana yaay eman to react ‘zsysêM½Á ±mÁ pratikriyaa karaa
reaction ‘zsysêM½Á pratikriyaa Please read! i½Á ±jm (±sm½Á) zEfp! dayaa kare (kariyaa) parun! to read zEÁ paraa; zaw ±mÁ paath karaa reader zaw± paathak; Fzaoºa½ upaadhyaay reading Aoº½p adhyayan; zaw paath ready, prepared ‘zÅßy prastut ready, willing Só·›± icchuk; Só·azftí icchaapurna ready made Ëy½amd teeyaarii; Ëymd teerii ready to obey \ã¸ Apfpdy sahaj anuniita real ‘z±„y prakrrita; caÅÙsc± baastabik; \syº±am satyikaar to realise, understand Fz¬sý ±mÁ upalabdhi karaa realistic caÅÙccaid baastab-baadii reality caÅÙc baastab realization Fz¬sý upalabdhi realized, achieved caÅÙcas½y baastabaayita really Aa\j¬ aasale; caÅÙsc±S baastabik-i; ‘z±„yS prakrrita-i; ‘z±„yzjñ prakrritapakse realm ma¸º raajya; Êñê ksetra of the realms above FÄí ÅÕajpm urddher sthaaner of the realms below Ao@ ÅÕajpm adhahh sthaaner reason ±amp kaaran; nfs»M yukti; Êãy› hetu the reason being [see Study 41] ±amt kaaran; Ê±ppÁ kenanaa reasonable nfs»Mnf»M yuktiyukta;
recognition, acceptance \Ãd±am sviikaar; \Ãd±„sy sviikrriti; Fz¬sý upalabdhi to recollect, remember ÅÂmt ±mÁ smaran karaa to recommend \fzasm® ±mÁ supaarish karaa recommendation \fzasm® supaarish to reconcile zfpma½ cï‚YÃ ÅÕazp ±mÁ punaraay bandhutva sthaapan karaa reconciliation zfpscíjc¶pÁ punarbibecanaa; zfpma½ s\sÄ punaraay siddhi reconstruction zfp³íwp punargathan record document yas¬±Á taalikaa; is¬¬ dalil record, historical account Ssyãaj\m psu itihaaser nathi record, powerful name ñbyÁ ksamataa to record, list yas¬±av›»M ±mÁ taalikaabhukta karaa to recover from illness Aajma³º¬av ±mÁ aarogya-laabh karaa to recover from loss zfp@‘zazÙ ±mÁ punahhpraapta karaa recovery, regaining health Aajma³º¬av aarogya-laabh recovery, retrieval zfp@‘zaszÙ recreation Aajbai-‘zjbai aamod-pramod rectification \Èj®aop sanºshodhan; \ÈÅþam sanºskaar to recurr zfp@ zfp@ ´qÁ punahh punahh ghataa red ¬a¬ laal; Ê¬asãy lohita to redeem zfpmÆÄam ±mÁ punaruddhaar
karaa; zfpma½ êM½ ±mÁ punaraay kray karaa redemption FÄam uddhaar; mña±mt raksaakaran to reduce ±bajpÁ (±bap+) kamaano (kamaana); ±jb (±sb½Á) naL½Á kame (kamiyaa) yaaoyaa reduced \ÈsñzÙ sanºksipta reduction ã÷a\ hraaas; ±bsy kamati reed p¬ nal; ²³EÁ khagaraa to refer, look to source spjií® ±mÁ nirdesh karaa; Fjlì² ±mÁ ullekh karaa; FÄ„y ±mÁ uddhrrita karaa reference spjií® nirdesh; Fjlì² ullekh; FÄ„sy uddhrriti referring to \BÚj±í samparke; \BÃïd½ \BÃjï sambandhe to refine zsmj®aop ±mÁ parishodhan karaa; bas¸íy ±mÁ maarjita karaa; refinement s®øyÁ shistataa; \ÈÅþamt sanºskaaran; \Èj®aop sanºshodhan refinery Ê®aopa³am shodhanaagaar to reflect ‘zsyxs¬y ±mÁ pratiphalita karaa reflection of light ‘zsyx¬p pratiphalan reflection of thought s¶PÙamas¸m Fi½ cintaaraajir uday; bPÙcº mantabya to refrain scmy ãL½Á birata thaakaa; ²Ý ua±Á khanda thaakaa refreshment pc®s»Miap nabashaktidaan; ¸¬zap jal-paan refuge Aa‘®½ aashray; mñt raksan; mñam ÅÕap suraksaar sthaan to take refuge in him yÏam (yÏaãam) ®mt ¬L½Á t^aar (t^aahaar) sharan laoyaa
±mÁ anusocanaa karaa regular sp½sby niyamita regularly sp½sbyvajc niyamitabhaabe rehabilitation zfpcía\p punarbaasan rehearsal bãEÁ maharaa; zgcíasvp½ (zgCÃíasvp½) puurbaabhinay (puurbbaabhinay) Aachs» aabrritti to rehearse Aachs» ±mÁ aabrritti karaa; bãEÁ ÊiL½Á maharaa deoyaa reign ®a\p shaasan; ®a\p±a¬ rein, bridle c¬Î³Á bal'gaa; ¬a³ab laagaam to reinstate zfp‘zsysWy (zfp@‘zsysWy) ±mÁ punapratisthita (punahhapratisthita) karaa to reiterate cam cam c¬Á baar baar balaa; zfp zfp c¬Á (zfp@ zfp@ c¬Á) puna puna balaa (punahh punahh balaa); zfp zfp ±mÁ (zfp@ zfp@ ±mÁ) puna puna karaa (punahh punahh karaa); zfpmÆs»M ±mÁ punarukti karaa to reject A‘³aN ±mÁ agraahya karaa; ‘zyºa²ap (‘zyºa²ºap) ±mÁ pratyaakhaan (pratyaakhyaan) karaa rejected ‘zyºa±ºay pratyaakhyaata to rejoice Aapsðiy ãL½Á aanandita haoyaa; Aapsðiy ±mÁ aanandita karaa to rejuvenate pcjnàcp¬av ±mÁ nabayooban-laabh karaa; zfpjnàcp iap ±mÁ punayooban daan karaa to relapse zfp (zfp@) zsyy ãL½Á puna (punahh) patita haoyaa related \BÃsïy sambandhita relation in family AaYÂd½ aatmiiya; ¡asy jnaatii ["gyaati"]; ±‚qfBÃ kutumba
reluctance SyÅÙjcao itastabodh reluctant Aspó·›± anicchuk reluctantly, unwillingly Aspó·a±„yvajc anicchaakrritabhaabe to remain, continue ua±Á thaakaa to remain over ca±d ua±Á baakii thaakaa; Acs®ø ua±Á abashista thaakaa remaining as remnant Acs®ø abashista remark bPÙcº mantabya to remark bPÙcº ÊiL½Á mantabya deoyaa; bPÙcº ±mÁ mantabya karaa remarkable Fjlì²jna³º ullekh-yogya remedy ‘zsy±am pratikaar; spcam± è¿o nibaarak oosadh to remember ÅÂmt ±mÁ smaran karaa; bjp ±mÁ mane karaa remembrance ÅÂmt smaran sign of remembrance ÅÂmtauí s¶ãM smaranaartha cihna to remind ÅÂmt ±smj½ (±maS½Á) ÊiL½Á smaran kariye (karaaiyaa) deoyaa remnant, remaining part Acs®øaÈ® abashistaanºsha remnant, remaining Acs®ø abashista remote igmcydí (igmc»dí) duurabartii (duurabarttii) to remove, move house caEd ci¬ ±mÁ baarii karaa; ÅÕap-zsmcyíp (zsmc»íp) ±mÁ sthaan-paribartan (paribarttan) karaa to remove, relocate pEajpÁ (pEap+) naraano (naraana); \majpÁ (\map+) saraano (saraana) to remove, take away \smj½ (\maS½)
Êx¬Á cÁ ÊiL½Á sariye (saraaiyaa) phelaa baa deoyaa to render, convert, translate Apgsiy ±mÁ anuudita karaa to render sacred service ÅÙc cs¬ Fù\³í ±mÁ stab bali ut'sarga karaa; Fza\pacs¬ Fù\³í ±mÁ upaasanaabali ut'sarga karaa to renew pgyp ±mÁ nuutan karaa renewal zfppgypd±mt (zfp@pgypd±mt) puna-nuutaniikaran to renounce A\Ãd±am ±mÁ asviikaar karaa; zsmyºa³ ±mÁ parityaag karaa rent vaEÁ bhaaraa to repay zsmj®ao ÊiL½Á parishodh deoyaa; Ê®ao ÊiL½Á shodh deoyaa to repeat, say again zfpma½ c¬Á punaraay balaa; zfpcíam c¬Á punarbaar balaa to repeat, quote bf²ÅÕ c¬Á mukhastha balaa repeatedly cajm cajm baare baare to repent Apfyaz ±mÁ anutaap karaa repentance Apfyaz anutaap fruits of repentance bpzsmcyíjpm (bpzsmc»íjpm) Fznf»M x¬ (man-paribarttaner) upayukta phal repentant ApfyzÙ anutapta to be repentant ApfyzÙ ãL½Á anutapta haoyaa repetition zfpmÆs»M punarukti to replace zfppsc±„y (zfp@psc±„y) ±mÁ punanabikrrita (punahhanabikrrita) karaa replaced, renewed zfppsc±„y (zfp@psc±„y) punahh-nabikrrita
republic ‘z¸ayPò prajaatantra to repudiate A\Ãd±am ±mÁ asviikaar karaa reputable \fpab¸p± sunaam-janak reputation ²ºasy khyaati request Apfjmao anurodh; ‘zauípÁ praarthanaa; naó°Á yaacnaa to require, call for Aacôî± Êcao ±mÁ aabashyak bodh karaa; ¶aL½Á caaoyaa to require, claim iasc ±mÁ daabi karaa requirement, need im±am darakaar; ‘zj½a¸pd½ s¸sp\ prayojaniiya jinis requirement, claim, demand iasc daabi to rescue FÄam ±mÁ uddhaar karaa; êat ±mÁ traan karaa to research ³jc¿tÁ ±mÁ gabesanaa karaa resemblance \aihôî saadrrishya reservation, reserved thing \Èmsñy cÅß sanºraksita bastu to reserve, save \Èmñt ±mÁ sanºraksan karaa to reside ca\ ±mÁ baas karaa residence ca\ÅÕap baasasthaan; Aaca\ aabaas to resign zsmyºa³ ±mÁ parityaag karaa; SÅÙxÁ ÊiL½Á istaphaa deoyaa to resist caoÁ ÊiL½Á baadhaa deoyaa; ‘zsyjmao ±mÁ pratirodh karaa resistance, opposing caoÁ baadhaa; ‘zsyjmao pratirodh resistance, strength ‘zsyjmajom ®s»M pratirodher shakti resister (as Satan) sczñ bipaksa resolute ihR‘zsy¡ drrirha-pratijna
["pratigya"]; ihR\È±lÚjcaÄ drrirhasanºkalpaboddh resolution \È±lÚ sanºkalpa; ihR‘zsy¡Á drrirhapratijnaa ["drrirha-pratigyaa"]; ‘zÅÙac prastaab to resolve scj®Ì¿t ±mÁ bishlesan karaa; bdbaÈ\Á ±mÁ miimaanºsaa karaa resolved ihR\È±lÚcÄ sanºkalpabaddha resonance Apf\mt anusaran to resort to, maintain, support Ac¬BÃp ±mÁ abalamban karaa respect \PÂap sanmaan; bjpajna³ manoyog to respect \PÂap ±mÁ sanmaan karaa respectable bappd½ maananiiya respecting, about \BÃjï sambandhe; \BÚj±í samparke; zsmj‘zsñy paripreksita respectively nuaêMjb yathaakrame respiration sp®Ãa\ ‘z®Ãa\ nishvaas prashvaas to respond F»m ÊiL½Á uttar deoyaa; ‘zy›º»m ÊiL½Á pratyuttar deoyaa; \aEÁ ÊiL½Á saaraa deoyaa response, answer F»m uttar; ‘zy›º»m pratyuttar response, support \aEÁ saaraa responsibility ias½YÃ daayitva load of responsibility ias½YÃjcao daayitvabodh responsible, obligated ia½d daayii responsible, serious ias½jYÃm \aju daayitver saathe rest, relaxation sc‘®ab bishraam rest, remainder ca±d baakii
restless AsÅÕm cancal; ¶Þ¬ cancal restoration zfp@‘zsyWÁ zfpmÆÄam punaruddhaar to restore zfp@‘zsysWy ±mÁ karaa restored zfp@ÅÕaszy punahh-sthaapita; zfp‘zsysWy punahh-pratisthita to restrain from camt ±mÁ baaran karaa; caoÁ ±mÁ baadhaa karaa restraint \Ènb sanºyam; ibp daman to restrict, confine caoÁ ÊiL½Á baadhaa deoyaa to restrict, put within limits ³Ýdm bjoº ma²Á gandiir madhye raakhaa restriction, confinement Acjmao abarodh; spjmao nirodh restriction, limitation \dbacïp siimaabandhan result x¬ phal; zsmtab parinaam "the result has been" Jm x¬ iÏaEa½" "er phal d^aaraay" resumption zfpcíam AamBÖ punarbaar aaraambha to resurrect zfpmÆõap ±mÁ punarutthaan karaa; zfpmÆsæ¸scy ±mÁ punarujjivita karaa resurrected zfpmÆsõy punarutthita resurrection zfpmÆõap punarutthaan to retain ma²Á raakhaa retaliation, reaction \bfs¶y ‘zsyx¬p samucit pratiphalan retaliation, revenge ‘zsyj®ao pratishodh retired Ac\m‘zazÙ abasar-praapta to retreat zô¶aiÎ³bp ±mÁ pashcaad'gaman
karaa retribution zsmj®ao parishodh return Êxmù pherat'; sxmsy phirati; ‘zyºa³bp pratyaagaman; ‘zyºacyíp (‘zyºac»íp) pratyaabartan (pratyaabarttan) to return, come back sxjm (sxsm½Á) Aa\Á phire (phiriyaa) aasaa to return, give back sxjm (sxsmj½) ÊiL½Á phire (phiriye) deoyaa; Êxmù (Êxmy) ÊiL½Á pherat' (pherat) deoyaa to return, cause to go back ÊxmajpÁ (Êxmap+) pheraano (pheraana) to return go back sxsm½Á (sxjm) naL½Á phire (phiriye) yaaoyaa; sxmÁ phiraa reunion zfpsbí¬p punarmilan to reveal zÍ±a® ±mÁ prakaash karaa revealed ‘z±as®y prakaashita revelation ‘z±a® prakaash Revelation ‘z±as®y ca±º prakaashita baakya revenge ‘zsyj®ao pratishodh; ‘zsysãÈ\Á pratihinºsaa revenue Aa½ aay; ±m kar; ma¸\Ã raajasva reverence vs»M bhakti; ‘®ÄÁ shraddhaa reverent v½®d¬[Á] bhayashiil[aa] reverse, in opposite way sczmdy bipariita; Aðîsij± anyadike review \bdñÁ samiiksaa; zfp@Aaj¬a¶pÁ punahh-aalocanaa; zníjcñt (zníºjcñt) paryaabeksan (paryyaabeksan) to review \bdñÁ ±mÁ samiiksaa karaa reviling ‘zsyspðiÁ pratinindaa to revise zfp@ zmdñÁ JcÈ \Èj®aop ±mÁ punahh pariiksaa ebanº sanºshodhan karaa
reviser \Èj®ao± sanºshodhak revision \Èj®aop sanºshodhan; zfp@zmdñÁ punahh-pariiksaa revolt scj‘iaã bidroha revolution sczÌc biplab to revolve ´ftdí½bap ãL½Á ghurniiyamaan haoyaa; Ê´mÁ gheraa to revolve, make turn Ê´amajpÁ (Ê´amap+) ghoraano (ghoraana) reward zfmÅþam puraskaar to reward zfmÅþ„y ±mÁ purskrrita karaa rewarded zfmÅþ„y puraskrrita rhetorical A¬È±amd alanºkaarii rheumatism cayjma³aêMaPÙ baatarogaakraanta; cay baat rhyme ±scyam ¶mjtm sb¬ kabitaar caraner mil rhythm ·ði chanda rice, growing op dhan rice grain, uncooked ¶aF¬ caaul rice grain, cooked vay bhaat rich, abundant ‘z¶fm pracur rich, wealthy opcap dhanabaan to get rid of bf»M ±mÁ mukta karaa; \smj½ (\maS½Á) ÊiL½Á sariye (saraaiyaa) deoyaa to ride ¶EÁ caraa rider Aajmaãd aarohii ridicule sc‘iÇz bidruup; Fzãa\ upahaas to ridicule Fzãa\ upahaas rift xaq¬ phaatal; s¶E cir right, authority Aso±am adhikaar right, as a direction eap daan; isñt daksin; eapsi±Î daan-dik'; isñtsi±Î daksin-dik'
robber Ê¶am cor; ea±ay daakaat; s·PÙaS±amd chintaaikaarii robbery ¶›sm curi ea±asy daakaati rock zaum paathar rock of refuge Aa‘®½k®¬ aashray-sheela rock-mass ‘zÅÙm prastar; Ë®¬ sheela; s®¬Á shilaa; zaãaE paahaar; za¿t paasan to rock, be rocked ±sBÚy ãL½Á kampita haoyaa to rock, cause to be rocked ±sBÚy ±mÁ kampita karaa rocky s®¬ab½ shilaamay rod iÝ danda role vœsb±Á bhuumikaa roll Aacyíp (Aac»íp) aabartan (aabarttan); ³gqajpÁ cÅÙ gutaano basta to roll, revolve Ê´amÁ ghoraa to roll, make revolve Ê´amajpÁ (Ê´amap+) ghoraano (ghoraana) to roll, wrap ¸EajpÁ (¸Eap+) jaraano (jaraana) Roman Êmabd½ romiiya romance Ê‘zjbm ´qpÁ premer ghatanaa romantic Aajc³‘zct aabeg-praban; ±lÚpa‘zd½ kalpanaapriiya roof ·ai chaad room, chamber ±ñ kaksa; ´m ghar room, space, place ¸a½³Á jaay-gaa root [on a plant] s®±E shikar; bg¬ muul root, source Ågêzay suutrapaat rope isE dari; ms® rashi rose flower Ó¬ac gulaab; Ê³a¬az golaap rot ³¬p galan; z¶p pacan to rot z¶ajpÁ (z¶ap+) pacaano (pacaana);
igs¿y ãL½Á duusita haoyaa rotten z¶Á pacaa; ³s¬y galita; igs¿y duusita to rotate, go round Ê´amÁ ghoraa to rotate, make turn Ê´amajpÁ (Ê´amap+) ghoraano (ghoraana) rotation Aacyíp (Aac»íp) aabartan (aabarttan); ¶êMcù cakrabat'; ´gtíp ghuurnan rough, hard, difficulty ±jwam kathor round Ê³a¬ gol all round ¶y›siíj± caturdike to rouse ¸a³ajpÁ (¸a³ap+) jaagaano (jaagaana) route maÅÙÁ raastaa; ÅÕapaPÙjm nacam (naScam) maÅÙÁ sthaanaantare yaabaar (yaaibaar) raastaa enroute nacam (naScam) zju cÁ \bj½ yaabaar (yaaibaar) baa samaye routine oamÁ dhaaraa; spyº±bí (spyº±Bší) nityakarma (nityakarmma) to rove öbt ±mÁ bhraman karaa row, class Ê‘®td shrenii; \asm saari row, noise Ê±a¬aã¬ kolaahal; ³Ýj³a¬ gandagol; ãaåabÁ haangaamaa row with oars iÏaE d^aar royal ma¸±d½ raajakiiya to rub bf·aS½Á Êx¬Á muchaaiyaa phelaa; ´¿Á ghasaa; ´¿ít ±mÁ gharsan karaa rubbish, nonsense ¸ªa¬ janjaal rubbish, waste Ac¸ípÁ abarjanaa rudder ãa¬ haal; ±tí karna rude Ascpdy abiniita; A\vº asabhya rudimentary ‘zausb± praathamik; Aasi±
aadik rug ±BÃ¬ kambal ruin O¢È\ dhvanºsa; pa® naash ruinous O¢È\±m dhvanºsakar ruins, remains O¢È\acj®¿ dhvanºsaavashes rule ®a\p shaasan; scso bidhi; sp½b niyam; ma¸YÃ raajatva ruler, administrator ®a\± shaasak; ®a\p±yíÁ (®a\p±»íÁ) shaasan-kartaa (shaasan-karttaa) rulers, administrators ®a\±c³í ruler, head Asozsy adhipati rumour Ó¸c gujab; ms¶y ±uÁ racita kathaa; ¸p‘®Æsy janashruti to be rumoured m¶pÁ ãL½Á racanaa haoyaa run ÊiàE door to run, race ÊiàEajpÁ (ÊiàEap+) dooraano (dooraana) runaway z¬ay± palaatak; z¬a½pzm palaayan-par rupee qa±Á taakaa rural ‘³abº graamya; zamaj³Ïj½ paaraag^eye to rush Êcj³ ³bp ±mÁ bege gaman karaa rust bó¶íºa½ marccyaay; bsm¶Á maricaa ruthless spW›m nisthur S 's (Possessive ending) -Jm -er; -m -r; -'m Sabbath \zÙb sip saptam din; sc‘®absip bishram-din
sack, bag uj¬ thale sacred zscê pabitra; za± paak sacred secret spÓE yYÃ nigur tatva sacrifice cs¬ bali; cs¬iap balidaan; yºa³ tyaag; na³ yaag sad Ûs²y (Û@s²y) dukhita (duhhakhita) sadness Û² (Û@²) dukha (duhhakha) safe spmazi niraapad to safeguard mñÁ ±mÁ raksaa karaa thing to be safeguarded mñtd½ raksaniiya safety spmaz»Á niraapattaa sail za¬ paal; caiab baadaam sake ¸ðî janya; ±amt kaaran; Fjéj®º uddeshye; ²asym khaatir salary Êcyp betan sale scsêM bikri salesman scjêMyÁ bikretaa saline ¬cta»M labanaakta; ¬ct zasp laban paani; ¬ct ¸¬ laban jal salt ¬ct laban; pfp nun salutation Asvcaip abhibaadan; \a¬ab saalaam; ·a¬ab chaalaam salvation zsmêat paritraan; mñÁ raksaa; bfs»M mukti same J±S ek-i; \bap samaan sample Aai®í aadarsha; pbfpÁ namunaa sanctification zscê ±mam ±a¸ pabitra karaar kaaj Let your name be sanctified Êyabam pab zscê cs¬½Á baðî ãF± tomaar naam pabitra baliyaa maanya hauk; Êyabam pab zfs¸y ãF± tomaar naam pujita hauk to sanctify zscê ±mÁ pabitra karaa to sanction, approve Apfjbaip ±mÁ
anumodan karaa; bªfmd ±mÁ sanctity ëÄyÁ shuddhataa; zscêyÁ pabitrataa sand cas¬ baali; ca¬f baalu sanitation \ÃaÅÕºscoap svaasthyabidhaan; \ÃaÅÕºcºcÅÕÁ svaasthyabyabasthaa sanity cfsÄ buddhi sari ®aEd shaarii Satan ®½yap shay-taan satisfaction \jPÙa¿ santos; yŸszÙ trripti satisfactory \jPÙa¿¸p± santosajanak to satisfy \Pßø ±mÁ santusta karaa satisfying \jPÙa¿¸p± santosajanak Saturday ®spcam shanibaar sauce Aa¶am aacaar; ¶aqÎsp caat'ni saucer szsm¶ piric save, excepting ... ...·aEÁ ...chaaraa; cºsyjmj± byatireke to save, rescue mñÁ ±mÁ raksaa karaa; FÄam ±mÁ uddhaar karaa; \Þ½ ±mÁ sancay karaa saviour mña±yíÁ (mña±»íÁ) raksaakartaa raksaakarttaa); êat±yíÁ (êat±»íÁ) (traan-karttaa) savings \sÞy op sancita dhan to saw apart scidtí ±mÁ bidiirna karaa to say c¬Á balaa; F»M ±mÁ ukta karaa; cº»M ±mÁ byakta karaa saying ±uÁ kathaa; cayíÁ (ca»íÁ) baartaa (baarttaa); Fs»M ukti; pdsyca±º niitibaakya to give as a way of saying mñajuí ÊiL½Á raksaarthe deoyaa
scissors ±Ïas¶ k^aaci to scold c±Á bakaa scourge Asv®az abhishaap to scream s¶ù±am ±mÁ cit'kaar karaa; ±¬ã ±mÁ kalaha karaa screen ziíÁ pardaa; ncsp±Á yabanikaa screw ÅêfÆ skru; SÅêfÆ iskru scribe Aoºaz± adhyaapak script ctíba¬Á barnamaalaa; ãÅÙs¬sz hastalipi scripture ®aÅòs¬sz shaastralipi; ®aÅò shaastra; ®aÅòcs¬ shaastrabali scriptural ®aÅòd½ shaastriiya scroll zfÅÙ± pustak; zaÝfs¬szÓs¬ paandulipiguli; zfÏsu p^uthi scrutinizing zfç²apfzfç² sculpture vaÅþní bhaaskarya scythe ±ajÅÙ kaaste sea \a³m saagar; \bf‘i samudra seal of authority bf‘iÁ mudraa; Êbaãm mohar to seal bf‘iasáy ±mÁ mudraankita karaa sealing process bf‘it mudran search Apf\ïap ±mÁ anusandhaan karaa; Ê²Ïa¸ kh^oj in search of -'Jm \ïapajuí -'er sandhaanaarthe to search ²fÏ¸Á kh^ujaa; Ê²Ïa¸Á kh^ojaa; Ê²Ïa¸ ±mÁ kh^oj karaa; Apf\ïap ±mÁ anusandhaan karaa seaside \bfj‘im oam samudrer dhaar season, part of year [see Study 58] Hy› rritu; \b½ samay; Êbamëb morashum; Êbà\fb moosum; bm\fb marasum
season, period of events ±a¬ kaal seat Aa\p aasan second siÃyd½ dvitiiya to secon-guess \jðiã ±mÁ sandeha karaa second-hand, used zfmajpÁ (zfmap+) puraano (puraana); zmêMdy parakriita secret, a hidden thing Ê³azp gopan; Ê³azjpm sc¿½ gopaner bisay secret, not revealed Ê³azpd½ gopaniiya; ¬fØþas½yÁ lukkaayita sacred secret spÓE yYÃ nigur tatva secretary \BÚai± sampaadak; \s¶c sacib; Ê\jêMqasm sekretaari sect, class, group Ê‘®td shrenii; ctí barna section scva³ bibhaag secular obíspmjzñÁ nirapeksaa secure spmazi niraapad security spmaz»Á niraapattaa sediment zs¬ pali; y¬asp talaani seduction ‘zj¬avp pralobhan; ‘zjma¶pÁ prarocanaa to see Êi²Á dekhaa to be able to see, to get to see Êi²jy (Êis²jy) zaL½Á dekh-te (dekhite) paaoyaa to see to it, target, focus on ¬ñº ma²Á laksya raakhaa seed cd¸ biij; cÈ® banºsha line of "seed" cÈ®om banºshadhar; cÈ®cs¬ banºshabali; \PÙap santaan seedling ¶amÁ caaraa; ¶aãa³a· caaraagaach to seek ²fÏ¸Á kh^ujaa; Ê²Ïa¸Á kh^ojaa; Ê²Ïa¸ ±mÁ kh^oj karaa; Apf\ïap ±mÁ anusandhaan karaa
to seem cj¬ bjp ãL½Á bale mane haoyaa seen ihôî drrishya to be seen Êis²j½ (Êi²aS½Á) naL½Á dekhiye (dekhaaiyaa) yaaoyaa to segregate zhu± ±mÁ prrithak karaa to seize Ê‘³zÙam ±mÁ graptaar karaa; omÁ dharaa seldom ±ias¶ù kadaacit' seldom worked territory ±b ±a¸ ±mÁ J¬a±Á kam kaaj karaa elaakaa to select bjpapdy ±mÁ manoniita karaa; z·ði ±mÁ pachanda karaa selection spcía¶p nirbaacan self- AaYÂ- aatma-; \Ãauí- svaartha- self [see Study 51] Aazsp aapani; \Ã½È svayanº; spj¸ nije; Aazp aapan loving self, lover of self AaYÂ‘zd½ aatmapriiya self-contradiction AaYÂscjmao aatmabirodh self-control AaYÂ-\Ènb aatma-sanºyam; AaYÂibp aatmadaman; Sð‘id½ibp indriiyadaman self-deception AaYÂ‘zyamtÁ aatmaprataaranaa; AaYÂcÞpÁ aatmabancanaa self-denial AaYÂyºa³ aatmatyaag; \Ãauíyºa³ svaarthatyaag self-examination AaYÂi®íp aatmadarshan; AaYÂzmdñÁ aatmapariiksaa self-glorification AaYÂ®Ìa´Á aatmashlaaghaa; AaYÂj³àmc aatmagoorab self-importance AaYÂ®Ìa´Á aatmashlaaghaa; AaYÂj³àmc aatmagoorab
self-sacrifice AaYÂcs¬iap aatmabalidaan; AaYÂyºa³ aatmatyaag; \Ãauíyºa³ svaarthatyaag selfish \Ãauízm svaarthapar selfishness \ÃauízmyÁ svaarthaparataa to seek own selfish interests \Ãauí Ê¶øÁ ±mÁ svaartha cestaa karaa thinking of selfish interests \Ãauís¶PÙÁ svaarthacintaa selfless \Ãauíãdp svaarthahiin to sell Êc¶Á becaa; scsêM ±mÁ bikri karaa "best seller" "Êc«q Ê\¬am" "best selaar" to send zawajpÁ (zawap+) paathaano (paathaana); Ê‘zmt ±mÁ preran karaa to send away scia½ ±mÁ bidaay karaa to send for Êej± zawajpÁ (eas±½Á zawap+) deke paathaano (daakiyaa) paathaana to send forth Ê‘zmt ±mÁ preran karaa send-off, farewell scia½±aj¬ ëjvó·Á-¡azp bidaay-kaale shubhecchaa-jnaapan senior A‘³cydí (A‘³c»dí) agrabartii (agrabarttii); Ê¸ºW jyestha sensation, feeling Apfvœsy anubhuuti sense, meaning Auí artha senseless Auíãdp arthahiin; Aj¶yp acetan; spjcíao nirbodh sensible, keeping one's senses \¡ajp sajnaane ["sagyaane"] sensible, meaningful Auízgtí arthapuurna sensibility \aEÁ saaraa sensitive Apfvœsy®d¬ anubhuutishiil; \Èjcip®d¬ sanºbedan-shiil; \Èjcip\BÚgtí
sanºbedan-puurna sent, sent forth Ê‘zsmy prerita sent one, sent forth one, apostle Ê‘zsmy prerit sentence of judgement iÝ danda sentence in communication ca±º baakya separate zhu± prrithak; Aa¬aiÁ aalaadaa to separate Aa¬aiÁ ma²Á aalaadaa raakhaa; zhu± ±mÁ prrithak karaa; yºa³ ±mÁ tyaag karaa the separating work scvs»M±mjtm ±a¸ bibhaktikaraner kaaj sequence zsmtab parinaam; znía½êMb paryaay-kram; oamacasã± ´qpaÓs¬ dhaaraabaahik ghatnaaguli sequentially; in sequence znía½êMjb paryay-krame serious ³vdm gabhiir; ÓmÆym gurutar of serious concern Aaimpd½ aadaraniiya seriously ³vdmvajc gabhiir-bhaabe; ÓmÆymvajc gurutar-bhaabe sermon obízji® dharmaapadesh serpent \zí sarpa; \az saap servant ¶a±m caakar; ±bí¶amd karmacaarii; ia\ daas to serve, give service ia\YÃ ±mÁ daasatva karaa; Ê\cÁ ±mÁ sevaa karaa to serve as, act for, fulfill \aop ±mÁ saadhan karaa service ±a¸ kaaj; ¶a±sm caakari; Ê\cÁ sevaa serviceable ‘zj½a¸pd½ prayojaniiya to set up, establish ÅÕazp ±mÁ sthaapan karaa; c\ajpÁ (c\ap+) basaano (basaana)
to set loose, free bf»M ±mÁ mukta karaa; FÄam ±mÁ uddhaar karaa to set off, depart mLpÁ ãL½Á raonaa haoyaa to set to Ê¬j³ (¬as³½Á) naL½Á laagiyaa yaaoyaa setting, situation AcÅÕÁ abasthaa; zsmsÅÕsy paristhiti to settle c\ajpÁ (ca\ap+) basaano (basaana) to be settled Acoasmy ãL½Á abadhaarita haoyaa; ®aPÙ ãL½Á shaanta haoyaa settlement of affairs spÑÚs» nispatti settlement, homestead Fzspjc® upanibesh; ‘³ab graam several ±j½± kayek; Apºaðî anyaanya sewer vœ³ví p¬ bhuugarbha nal sex, gender s¬å linga sex, act of sex, sex relations Ênàp yoon; Ênàp\jBÖa³ yoon-sambhog; Ênàp \BÚ±í yoon samparka shadow ·a½Á chaayaa to shake paEÁ ÊiL½Á naaraa deoyaa to shake up ¹Ïa±ajpÁ (¹Ïa±ap+) jh^aakaano (jh^aakaana) shallow in sincerity va\ava\Á bhaasaabhaasaa shallow in thought A³vdm agabhiir shame ¬æ¸Á lajjaa; Azbap apamaan shameless sp¬íæ¸ nirlajj shape, form Aa±am aakaar of definite shape spséíø nirddista shapeless, formless spma±am niraakaar share AÈ® anºsha; \ãva³ sahabhaag
to make shine Fææ¢¬ ±mÁ ujjval karaa shining ¶bù±am camat'kaar; Fææ¢¬ ujjval shining one (of the morning) ‘zvasy prabhaati ship ¸aãa¸ jaahaaj to ship, send zawajpÁ paathaano -ship in rank -s³sm -giri shirt ¸abÁ jaamaa; ±asb¸ kaamij Shishak s®®± shishak to shiver ±ÏazÁ k^aapaa shock, feelings Apfvœsy anubhuuti; FjiÃ³ udveg shock, impact oaØþÁ dhaakkaa; Aa´ay aaghaat shocking Ê®a¶pd½ shocaniiya shockingly Ê®a¶pd½vajc shocaniiyabhaabe shoe ¸fyÁ jutaa; ¸fjyÁ juto to shoot an arrow ydm ¶a¬ajpÁ (¶a¬ap+) tiir caalaano (caalaana) to shoot a bullet Ós¬ ±mÁ guli karaa shop Êia±ap dokaan shopkeeper Êia±apiam dokaan-daar short \ÈsñzÙ sanºksipta; Ê·aq chota; ²ajqÁ khaato shortage, lack Avac abhaab; ´aqÎsy ghaat'ti food shortage, lack of food ²ajiºm Avac khaadyer abhaab; Ûsvíñ durbhiksa shortcoming, failing êÆsq truti shortened form \ÈsñzÙ±mt sanºksiptakaran short-tempered ma³d raagii; krodh-paraayan
shoulder ±Ïao k^aadh to shout, scream s¶ù±am ±mÁ cit'kaar karaa to show, cause to see Êi²ajpÁ (Êi²ap+) dekhaano (dekhaana); i®íp ±mÁ darshan karaa to show, cause to know ¸apajpÁ (¸apap+) jaanaano (jaanaana) shower, bath ¹píÁ jharnaa shower, rain chsø brristi; z\¬Á pasalaa shrewd cfsÄbap buddhimaan; sc¶ñt bicaksan shrine zscê ÅÕap pabitra sthaan; bsðim mandir shut cï bandha to shut cï ±mÁ bandha karaa shy ¬a¸f± laajuk sick Êma³ rog; zdEÁ piiraa sickly Êma³a‘³ÅÙ rogaagrasta; Êma³d rogii; zdsEy piirita; A\fÅÕ asustha sickness Êma³ rog; zdEÁ piiraa; A\f² asukh; A\fÅÕyÁ asusthataa "I am sick!" "Aasb zdsEy!" "aami piirita!" side, direction za® paash; za®Ãí paarshva; si±Î dik'; zñ paksa side, edge ‘zaPÙ praanta sifting \g‡Â ca·aS suuksma baachaai sigh id´ísp@®Ãa\ diirghanihh-shvaas; Aa»í\Ãm aarttasvar; Aa»ípai aarttanaad sight i®íp darshan sign s¶ãM cihna sign of the last days Ê®¿ ±aj¬m s¶ãM shes kaaler cihna signal s¶ãM cihna; \Èj±y sanºket; spi®íp
nidarshan; zya±Á pataakaa signature ãÅÙañm hastaaksar; \Ãañm svaaksar significance yaùzní taat'parya significant ¬ñtd½ laksaniiya; yaùznízgtí significantly ¬ñtd½mÇjz laksaniiyaruupe; yaùznízgtí taat'paryapuurna silence spÅÙý nistabdha; ca±ºãdp baakyahiin silent spmc nirab; Êbàp moona silk Êm®b resham silly bg²í muurkha; spjcíao nirbodh; Êca±Á bokaa silver Êmàzº roopya; mÆjzÁ rupo; mÆzÁ rupaa; mÇjzÁ ruupo similar J±S m±b ek-i rakam; \bap samaan; \ih® sadrrish; by mata; mÇz ruup similarity \aihôî saadrrishya; y›¬ºyÁ tulyataa similarly sw± J±SmÇjz thik ek-i-ruupe simple \m¬ saral; \ã¸ sahaj to simplify \m¬ ±mÁ saral karaa; \ã¸ ±mÁ sahaj karaa simultaneous J±S \jå ´qbap ek-i sange ghatamaan sin zaz paap; Azmao aparaadh since, assuming that [see Study 41] cj¬ bale since, seeing that Ênjãy› yehetu since, starting from Acso abadhi; zgjcí (zgjCÃí) puurbe (puurbe); ãjy (ãSjy) hate (haite); Êuj± theke sincere AaPÙsm± aantarik; A±zq akapat sincerely AaPÙsm±mÇjz aantarik-ruupe;
‘z±„y zjñ prakrrita pakse sincerity AaPÙsm±yÁ aantarikataa; A±zqyÁ akapatataa sinful zazd paapii to sing ³aL½Á gaaoyaa; ³ap ±mÁ gaan karaa to sing out s\Èãpai ±mÁ sinºhanaad karaa singer ³a½± gaayak single, singly, at all -S -i single, lone J±a±d ekaakii; J±baê singleness J±a±d ua±Á ekaakii thaakaa singular, not plural word J±c¶p ek-bacan singular, unique AsiÃyd½ advitiiya to sink, drown e›sc½Á naL½Á dubiyaa yaaoyaa to sink, recede ±jb naL½Á sinless zazãdp paap-hiin sir bãa®½ mahaashay; ¸pac janaab; \ºam syaar sister Êcap bon to sit c\Á basaa site ÅÕap sthaan; AcÅÕap abasthaan; caÅß baastu situated in - -ÅÙ -sta situation zsmsÅÕsy paristhiti size Aa½yp aayatan skeleton ±È±a¬ kanºkaal; ±awajbÁ kaathaamo; \amaÈ® saaraanºsha to sketch ²\EÁ khasaraa; p±®Á ±mÁ nakashaa karaa; bf\asciÁ ±mÁ musaabidaa karaa skill iñyÁ daksataa; Ê±à®¬ kooshal; Ëpzftº neepunya
skilled zami®dí paaradarshii; cfºùzpÐ but'panna skin ¶bí carma; ¶abEÁ caamaraa skull bauam ²fs¬ maathaar khuli; ±jmasq karoti sky Aa±a® aakaash; Aa\bap aasamaan slack Aa¬Î³Á aal'gaa; sr¬Á dhilaa slanderer Azcai± apabaadak slap ¶E car slaughter of animals ¸caS jabaai slaughter of humans ãyºÁ hatyaa; pmãyºÁ narahatyaa slave, servant ia\ daas; êMdyia\ kriitadaas; caïd baandhii Ê\c± sebak the faithful and discreet slave class sc®ÃÅÙ JcÈ cfsÄbap ia\ Ê‘®td bishvasta ebanº buddhimaan daas shrenii to slave, work hard zsm‘®b ±mÁ parishram karaa slavery ia\YÃ daasatva; êMdyia\YÃ kriitadaasatva sleep ´fb ghum to sleep ´fbajpÁ (´fbap+) ghumaano (ghumaana) sleeping ´fbPÙ ghumanta to feel sleepy ´fb zaL½Á ghum paaoyaa sleet s®¬achsø shilaabrristi slice xas¬ phaali; qf±mÁ tukaraa slight, a little \abaðî saamaanya to slip, err vf¬ ±mÁ bhul karaa to slip away, be lost \sm½Á zEÁ sariyaa paraa slippery Êy¬Á telaa; b\ht masrrin sloping ra¬f dhaalu; ³Eajp garaane;
êMbspBÐ kramanimna slow odm dhiir; id´íÅgêd diirghasuutri slow anger ÊêMajo odm krodhe dhiir slowly odjm odjm dhiire dhiire; AajÅÙ AajÅÙ aaste aaste slowness od´íÅgêdyÁ dhiirghasuutriitaa sly ¶y›m catur; ®w shatha small Ê·aq chota; ñ‚‘i ksudra smaller AamL Ê·aq aar-o chota; ñ‚‘iym ksudratar smallest \c Ê¶j½ Ê·aq sab ceye chota; ñ‚‘iyb ksudratam smell, odour ³ï gandha smell, sense of smell ‘´at ghraan to smell, give smell ³ï ÊiL½Á gandha deoyaa to smell, take smell ³ï ¬L½Á gandha laoyaa; ³ï Ê®Ïa±Á gandha sh^okaa smile D¿ù ãa\º iisat' haasya; ‘z\pÐyÁ prasannataa to smile D¿ù ãa\Á iisat' haasaa smoke ofb dhum; ÊoÏa½Á dh^oyaa to smoke tobacco ofbzap ±mÁ dhum-paan karaa; ofbzap ²aL½Á dhum-paan khaaoyaa smooth s¶Øþp cikkan; b\ht masrrin snake \az saap; \zí sarpa to snatch s·spj½ (s·paS½Á) ¬L½Á ciniye (cinaaiyaa) laoyaa to sneeze ãÏa¶Á h^aacaa; ãÏas¶ ÊiL½Á h^aaci deoyaa snow cmx baraph; y›¿am tusaar so, that extent yyq›±‚ tatatuku; yy tata; Jy eta
so, therefore [see Study 42] AyJc ataeb; JS¸ðî eijanya; yjc tabe; yaS taai; \fymaÈ sutaraanº; ±aj¸S kaaje-i so, thus JS by ei mata; JmÇz eruup; Jbpvajc eman-bhaabe so that, in order that [see Study 40] Ênjãy› yehetu; Ênp yena so then, after that yaãam zjm taahaar pare sober \Èny sanºyata; ‘z®aPÙ prashaanta; sbya¶amd mitaacaarii so-called yua±suy tathaakathita social \abas¸± saamaajik socialist \ba¸yPòcaid samaaj-tantrabaadii society \ba¸ samaaj human society bapc\ba¸ maanab-samaaj Sodom \jiab sadom soft pmb naram; bhÛ mrridu; bhÛ®d¬ mrridushiil soldier Ë\ðî seenya solid ihR drrirha; ®»M shakta solidly built za±Á paakaa solitary J±a±d ekaakii; sp¸íp nirjan Solomon ®j¬abp shaloman solution of a problem \baoap samaadhaan to solve \baoap ±mÁ samaadhaan karaa some ±y± katak; s±·f kichu; Ê±apL Ê±ap kona; ±j½±sq kayek-ti somebody Ê±ã Ê±ã keha keha; ±amL ±amL (±aãamL ±aãamL) kaar-o kaar-o (kaahaar-o kaahaar-o) somebody Ê±ap cºs»M kona byakti; Ê±ã keha somehow Ê±ap ‘z±am kona prakaar someone Ê±ap cºs»M kona byakti; Ê±ã o;
keha something s±·f kichu sometime Ê±ap \b½ kona samay sometimes baj¹ baj¹ maajhe maajhe somewhere Ê±ap ÅÕajp kona sthaane son zfê putra; Ê·j¬ chele; \PÙap santaan son-in-law ¸abaS jaamaai song ³ap gaan; ³dy giit; \ådy sangiit soon ®d´ÍS shiighra-i; Asc¬jBÃ abilambe; Aa\pÐ aasanna sorrow Û² (Û@²) dukha (duhhakha); A\f² asukh sorrowful Ûs²y (Û@s²y) dukhita (duhhakhita); A\f²d asukhii; Û- (Û@-) du- (duhh-) sorry Ûs²y (Û@s²y) dukhita (duhhakhita) sort, type m±b rakam; ‘z±am prakaar; Ê‘®td shrenii; ¸asy jaati; omt dharan "all sorts of men" "\bfi½ bpf¿º" "samuday manusya" soul ‘zat praan; [wrongly; see also "spirit"] "AaYÂÁ" "aatmaa" "immortality of the soul" [wrongly; see also "spirit"] "AaYÂam AbmYÃ" "aatmaar amaratva" sound to hear mc rab; ®CÉ shabda sound, complete \BÚgtí sampuurna; s\Ä siddha sour q± tak; ABì amla source, origin, maker Fù\ ut'sa source, spring, well FpfS unui south isñt daksin; isñtsi±Î daksin-dik' sovereignty ÊvàbYÃ bhoomatva; \cíb½ (\CÃíb½) ñbyÁ sarvamay (sarvvamay)
ksamataa universal sovereignty \acíjvàbYÃ (\aCÃíjvàbYÃ) saarvabhoomatva (saarvvabhoomatva) space, place ÅÕap sthaan; ¸a½³Á jaay-gaa space, emptiness bãaëðî mahaashunya; ²as¬ ¸a½³Á khaali jaay-gaa spacious zsm\m parisar Spanish ÅÚºasp® spyaanish (spanish) spare Asysm»M atirikta spark As³Ð±tÁ agnikanaa sparrow ¶EfS carui to speak c¬Á balaa; c»hMyÁ ÊiL½Á baktrritaa deoyaa; ±uÁ c¬Á kathaa balaa speaker c»MÁ baktaa; ±u± kathak public speaker ¸p\aoamjtº c»MÁ janasaadhaaranye baktaa special scj®¿ bishes specialist scj®¿¡ bishesajna (bishesagya) specific spséíø nirddista; scj®¿ bishes; \ÃyPò svaatantra specifically scj®¿mÇjz bishesaruupe; \fspséíøvajc sunirddistabhaabe specimen, sample pbfpÁ namunaa; Aai®í aadarsha spectacle, display ihôî drrishya; i®íp darshan spectacles ¶®bÁ cashamaa speculation, excess guessing Asysm»M zsm±lÚpÁ atirikta parikalpanaa speech, expression ca±º baakya speech, talk c»hMyÁ baktrritaa; va¿t bhaasan; ±uÁ kathaa speech, talking va¿Á bhaasaa; ±uÁ c¬Á
kathaa balaa speechless, dumb ÊcacÁ bobaa speed ³sy gati; ³syjc³ gatibeg; sñ‘zyÁ ksiprataa to spell capap ±mÁ baanaan karaa spelling capap baanaan to spend cº½ ±mÁ byay karaa; ±aqajpÁ (±aqap+) kaataano (kaataana) spent Ac\pÐ abasanna sphere Ê³a¬± golak spicy ¹a¬ jhaal spider ba±E\Á maakarasaa; ba±m maakar to spin, go round ´fmÁ ghuraa to spin, make go round ´fmajpÁ (´fmap+) ghuraano (ghuraana) spirit (Arabic origin) mÇãÎ ruuh' spirit (Sanskrit origin) AaYÂÁ aatmaa ["aattaa"] spirit, of spirit AasYÂ± aatmik "spirit of the truth", helper \jyºm AaYÂÁ, \ãa½ satyer aatmaa, sahaay spirited, courageous, bold \aã\d saahasii spiritual AaoºasYÂ± aadhyaatmik spite, envy, malice D¿íÁ iirsaa; ñsy ksati; AajêMa® aakrosh in spite of it yÁ \jYÃL (yaãÁ \j»¢L) taa satve-o (taahaa to spit ufuf Êx¬Á thuthu phelaa; ufuf ÊiL½Á thuthu deoyaa; ufuf ±mÁ thuthu karaa Do not spit, No spitting ufuf Êx¬jcp pÁ thuthu phel-ben naa; ufuf ±mjcp (±smjcp) pÁ thuthu kar-ben (kariben) naa spittoon sz±iasp pikadaani
splendid Ê³àmcb½ goorab-may splendour Ê³àmc goorab splinter ±ajwm qf±jmÁ kaather tukaro to spoil pø ±mÁ nasta karaa spoken ±suy kathita spokesman bf²zaê mukh-paatra; bf²zaêmÇjz mukh-paatraruupe spontaneous \ÃyÅä‚yí (\Ãy@Ñx‚»í) svatasphurta (svatahhasphurtta) spoon ¶ab¶ caamac sport Ê²¬aof¬Á khelaadhulaa spot, location ¸a½³Á jaayagaa spot, mark ia³ daag; s¶ãM cihna spouse, husband \Ãabd svaamii spouse, wife Åòd strii spread scÅÙhsy bistrriti; ‘z¶am pracaar to spread scÅÙhy ±mÁ bistrrita karaa; ‘z¶am ±mÁ pracaar karaa spring device s«‘zÈ sprinº spring, fountain ¹tíÁ jharnaa spring, jump ¬ax laaph; ¬Bx lampha spring season c\PÙ Hy› basanta rritu to spring, jump ¬Bx ÊiL½Á lampha deoyaa to sprinkle s·qajpÁ (s·qap+) chitaano (chitaana) to sprout ‘zx‚lì ãL½Á squalid, filthy ÊpaÈmÁ nonºraa; bs¬pº malinya to squander, let fly FsEj½ (FEaS½Á) ÊiL½Á uriye (uraaiyaa) deoyaa to be squandered \jE (\sE½Á)zEÁ sare (sariyaa) paraa to squeeze spÈEajpÁ (spÈEap+) ninºraano
(ninºraana) to stab Ê·amÁ [·fsm] si½Á bamÁ choraa [chhuri] diyaa maraa Ê·amÁ sij½ (si½Á) bamÁ choraa diye (diyaa) maraa; ·fsm sij½ (si½Á) bamÁ chhuri diye (diyaa) maraa stable, steady ÅÕa½d sthaayii; ihR drrirha stability ÅÕas½YÃ sthaayitva; ihRyÁ drrirhataa; sÅÕsy sthiti stagnant, not flowing Ê\Íayãdp srotahiin; cï bandha staircase s\ÏsE s^iri stalk eaqÁ daataa stake ®c ³a· shab gaach torture stake ±aÅÙÁ iÝ kaasta danda; "êfM®" "krush" stamina, patience \sã©‚yÁ sahisnutaa stamina, long at work zsm‘®b parishram stamp, mark Êbaãm mohar stamp, postage ea±…sqs±q daak'tikat stamp, seal bf‘iÁ mudraa; \d¬jbaãm stamped, sealed bf‘iasáy mudraankita stamping, sealing process bf‘it mudran to stand iÏaEajpÁ (iÏaEap+) d^aaraano (d^aaraana) standard bap maan; Aai®í aadarsha star in the sky yamÁ taaraa star in films yasmyÁ taaritaa starry heavens yam±aj®asvy Aa±a® taarakaashobhita aakaash start AamBÖ aarambha; ëmÆ shuru to start AamBÖ ±mÁ aarambha karaa; ëmÆ ±mÁ shuru karaa
to start off mLpÁ ãL½Á raonaa haoyaa to start with ... ... sij½ (si½Á) ëmÆ ±mÁ ... diye (diyaa) shuru karaa starting from in time Acso abadhi starvation Fzca\ upabaas; Apaãam anaahaar state, condition AcÅÕÁ abasthaa state, form, mode Aa±am aakaar state, nation ¸asy jaati; maø÷ raastra to state s¬szcÄ ±mÁ lipibaddha karaa; F»M ±mÁ ukta karaa stated F»M ukta; s¬szcÄ lipibaddha statement Fs»M ukti; scchsy bibrriti stationary ³syãdp gatihiin; spô¶¬ nishcal stationery bjpaãmd ‘icº manoharii drabya statistics zsm\È²ºap parisanºkhyaan statue ‘zsybgsyí (‘zsybgs»í) pratimuurti (pratimuurtti); ‘zsybÁ pratimaa statute scso bidhi statute-giver cºcÅÕaz± byabasthaapak status AcÅÕÁ abasthaa; zi pad; bníiÁ maryadaa to stay, remain ua±Á thaakaa steady ihR drrirha; ÅÕa½d sthaayii; A¶¬ acal to steal, thieve ¶›sm ±mÁ curi karaa; ãmt ±mÁ haran karaa stealer Ê¶am cor stealing ¶›sm curi steam caÑz baaspa steel SÅÚay ispaat; ®aÅò shaastra step zijñz padaksep; J± zÁ ek paa step- \ù- sat'- to sterilize cd¸apf O¢È\ ±mÁ biijaanu
dhvanºsa karaa sterling, best quality \cíj®ÍW (\CÃíj‘®W) sarvashrestha (sarvvashrestha) stern, hard spbíb nirmam steward y»¢acoap±amd the faithful steward class cfsÄbap ³hãaoºñ buddhimaan grrihaadhyaksa stick of wood ¬asw laathi still, calm ®aPÙ shaanta still, even now J²pL ekhan-o still, even so ycfL tabu-o still, motionless spÅÙý nistabdha; ³syãdp gatihiin still, quiet spmc nirab stimulant Fj»¸± uttejak to stimulate Fsészy ±mÁ uddipita karaa to stir, mix round ´fqajpÁ (´fqap+) ghutaano (ghutaana) stitch Ê\¬aS selaai; Ågj¶m ±a¸ suucer kaaj to stitch Ê\¬aS ±mÁ selaai karaa; Ågj¶m ±a¸ ±mÁ suucer kaaj karaa stomach Êzq pet; za±ÅÕ¬d paakasthalii stone [see also "rock", "rock-mass"] zaum paathar stooping modestly scpsy binati stop Ê®¿ shes; cï bandha to stop, finish Ê®¿ ±mÁ shes karaa; cï ±mÁ bandha karaa to stop, stand still uabÁ thaamaa to store up \sÞy ±mÁ sancita karaa to be stored up \sÞy ãL½Á sancita haoyaa storey [ground floor = first storey] y¬Á talaa
storm ¹E jhar stove Fpfp unun; ¶›lìd cullii straight, in line, ahead \m¬ saral; Ê\a¸Á sojaa straight, direct \ma\sm saraasari straightforward \m¬ saral; \ù sat' to strain, filter ·Ïa±Á ch^aakaa; zsm‘\act ±mÁ parisraaban karaa; zsm‘\Æy ±mÁ parisruta karaa strainer, filter ·Ïa±sp ch^aakani; zsm‘\ac± ‘zta¬d parisraabak pranaalii strait, hardship Êû±® klesh; ‘zta¬d pranaalii strange AIÖfy adbhut; Azsms¶y aparicita stranger, foreigner scji®d bideshii stranger, newcomer pca³y nabaagata strategy mt¶ay›ní (mt¶ay›½íº) ranacaaturya (ranacaaturyya) straw ²E khar; sc¶as¬ bicaali stream Ê‘\ay srot; ‘zcaã prabaaha to stream ‘zcasãy ãL½Á prabaahita haoyaa strength ®s»M shakti; c¬ bal strengthening ®s»Mcoíp±amd shaktibardhan-kaarii stress, emphasis Ê¸am jor stress, pressure ¶az caap stress, trouble ±ø kasta; naypÁ yaatanaa stretched out ÊcjE (caEaS½Á) bere (baaraaiyaa) strict ±jwam kathor strictly ±jwamvajc kathor-bhaabe strike, downing of tools cï bandha; ãmya¬ harataal strike, impact Ê¶aq cot; oaØþÁ dhaakkaa
strike, plague Aa´ay aaghaat to strike, hit oaØþÁ dhaakkaa; bamÁ maaraa; szqajpÁ (szqap+) pitaano (pitaana) to strike, down tools obí´q ±mÁ dharmaghat karaa to strike on the clock ca¸Á baajaa to strike one, feel ¬a³Á laagaa stripe of colour ÊeamÁ doraa stripe of lashing ±®a´ay kashaaghaat stroke of plague Aa´ay aaghaat stroke, impact, touch Ê¶aq cot strong c¬capÎ balabaan'; ®»M shakta; ‘zc¬ prabal stronghold Û³í durga; Aa‘®½ ÅÕap aashray sthaan; \fmsñy ÅÕap suraksita sthaan structure ±awajbÁ kaathaamo; AqÎqas¬±Á attaalikaa struggle nfÄ yuddha; \È‘³ab sanºgraam stubborn J±ÓÏj½ ek-g^uye; Ê¸id jedii stubbornness J±ÓÏj½sb ek-g^uyemi student: male, female ·aê chaatra; ·aêd chaatrii studious Aoº½ps‘z½ adhyayan-priya study Aoº½p adhyayan; s®ñÁ shiksaa a study Aoºa½ adhyaay to study Aoº½p ±mÁ adhyayan karaa; s®ñÁ ±mÁ shiksaa karaa to stumble, fall Fj·aq ²aL½Á uchot khaaoyaa; ÊãÏa¶q ²aL½Á h^ocat khaaoyaa; ÅÕs¬y ãL½Á sthalita hoayaa to be stumbled scs$py ãL½Á bighnita haoyaa
stumbling block sc$pÅÕ¬ bighnasthal stupid Êca±Á bokaa; spjcíao nirbodh; ãdpcfsÄ hiinabuddhi stupor Ak¶yðî aceetanya sub- Fz- up- to subdue c®dvœy ±mÁ bashiibhuuta karaa subject, in submission ‘z¸Á prajaa subject, in submission c®dvœy bashiibhuuta subject, topic sc¿½ bisay subjection, submissiveness côîyÁ bashyataa in subjection to - -Aodp -adhiin to submerge ¸¬b³Ð ±mÁ jal-magna karaa to submerse spbæ¸p ±mÁ nimajjan karaa; spbsæ¸y ±mÁ nimajjita karaa submersed in water ¸¬b³Ð jal-magna submersion spbæ¸p nimajjan subscription ¶ÏaiÁ c^aadaa; ‘³aã±v›s»M graahak-bhukti subsequent zmcydí (zmc»dí) parabartii (parabarttii); F»m±a¬dp uttar-kaaliin subsequently zjm pare; F»m±aj¬ to subside ±bÁ kamaa; ±jb (±sb½Á) naL½Á kame (kamiyaa) yaaoyaa substitution scspb½ binimay; cis¬ badali substance, main point bg¬ ±uÁ muul kathaa; Êbaq ±uÁ mot kathaa; \amaÈ® saaraanºsha substance, material ziauí padaartha subtitle Fzs®mpab upashiranaam subtle ofyí dhurta; Ê±à®¬d kooshalii
to succeed \x¬ ãL½Á saphal haoyaa success \x¬yÁ saphal-taa; \x¬ saphal succession zm zm Aa³bp par par aagaman; ApfêMb anukram successor F»maso±amd uttaraadhikaarii; zmcydí (zmc»dí) Ê¬a± parabartii (parabarttii) lok without successors Azsmcyípd½ (Azsmc»ípd½) aparibartaniiya (aparibarttaniiya) such as Jbp s± eman ki such that najy ±jm (naãajy ±sm½Á) yaate kare (yaahaate kariyaa) such, this much Jy eta; Jyq›±‚ etatuku such, this sort J m±b e rakam; Jbp eman in such a way Jbsp emani; JbpS eman-i to suck ¶›¿Á cusaa to suckle ÅÙpºzap ±majpÁ (±map+) stanyapaan karaano (karaana); Ûozap ±majpÁ (±map+) dudh-paan karaano (karaana) suckling ÅÙðîza½d stanyapaayii sudden Aa±sÅÂ± aakasmik; A‘zyºas®y apratyaashita suddenly ãwaù hathaat' to burst suddenly into tears Ê±Ïji (±Ïasi½Á) FwÁ k^ede (k^aadiyaa) uthaa to get up suddenly ãuaù Fjw (Fsw½Á) zEÁ hathaat' uthe (uthiyaa) paraa to suffer \N ±mÁ sahya karaa; Êva³ ±mÁ bhog karaa; Êva³Á bhogaa to suffer a beating bam ²aL½Á maar khaaoyaa suffering ±ø kasta; ñsy ksati; nPòtÁ
suuryakiran (suuryyakiran) sunstroke \si³ímbd sadirgaramii super, great bãapÎ mahaan' super- bãÁ- mahaa-; Asy- ati-; scmaq biraat superficial, only words va¿Á va¿Á bhaasaa bhaasaa; bfj² bfj² mukhe mukhe; Fzjm Fzjm upare upare superfluous Asysm»M atirikta; Ayºaso± atyaadhik "superior authorities" ±yŸízñ (±»Ÿízñ) kartrripaksa (karttrripaksa) superiority, being better Ê‘®WYÃ shresthatva superstition ±‚\ÈÑþam kusanºskaar to supervise zsmi®íp ±mÁ paridaarshan karaa; y»¢acoap ±mÁ tattvaabadhaan karaa supper Ëp® Êva¸p neesh bhojan; sijpm Ê®¿ Aaãam diner shes aahaar Last Supper Ê®¿ Êva¸ shes bhoj supplication scpsy binati supply \mcmaã sarabaraaha to supply \mcmaã ±mÁ sarabaraaha karaa support \buíp samarthan to support \buíp ±mÁ samarthan karaa to support, maintain Ac¬BÃp ±mÁ abalamban karaa supporter \buí± samarthak; zhWjza¿± prristhaposak supporter of - -caid -baadii suppose...., supposing ... [catch, grasp] omÆp ... dharun ... to suppose, to think bjp ±mÁ mane karaa;
to suspend, delay ÅÕs³y ma²Á sthagita raakhaa to swallow s³s¬½Á Êx¬Á giliyaa phelaa; ³¬o@±mt ±mÁ galadhahh–karan karaa to swallow up sp@j®¿ ±jm (±sm½Á) Êx¬Á nihhashes kare (kariyaa) phelaa swamp sc¬ bil to swear, abuse ³a¬a³as¬ ÊiL½Á gaalaagaali deoyaa to swear, promise ®zu ±mÁ shapath karaa; ‘zsy¡Á ±mÁ pratijnaa ["pratigyaa"] karaa; sicº ±mÁ dibya karaa sweat ´ab ghaam to sweep ¹aE ÊiL½Á jhaar deoyaa; ¹aEf ÊiL½Á jhaaru deoyaa sweeper Êbum methar sweepress Êbumapd metharaanii sweet sbsø misti; sbs«q misti; \ÃaÛ svaadu swift, quick ‘iÆy³abd drutagaamii; Êc³capÎ begabaan'; ‘iÆy druta to swim \Ïayam ±aqÁ s^aataar kaataa; \Ïayam ÊiL½Á s^aataar deoyaa swine ®g±m shuukar to swing Êia¬Á dolaa; ÊiaÛ¬ºbap ãL½Á dodulyamaan haoyaa to switch off spcajpÁ (spcap+) nibaana; s·pÐ ±mÁ chinna karaa to switch on æ¢a¬Á jvaalaa; \aop ±mÁ saadhan karaa sword ²EÎ³ khar'ga syllable Añm aksar; ®CÉaÈ® shabdaanºsha symbol ‘zsy± pratik
symbolic mÇz± ruupak sympathetic \ãpfvœsy®d¬ sahanubhuutishiil sympathy, sharing feeling \ãpfvœsy sahanubhuuti sympathy, sharing pain \bjcipÁ samabedanaa symptom ¬ñt laksan; Fz\³í upasarga synonym ‘zsy®CÉ pratishabda; \bauíjcao± ®CÉ samaarthabodhak shabda syntax ca±º m¶pÁ baakya racanaa; shabda-binyaas synthetic \Ès®Ìø sanºshlista; ±„sêb krritrim; ´sqy ghatita syringe sz¶±amd picakaarii system, set-up, method zÄsy paddhati; cºcÅÕÁ byabasthaa "system of things" scso-cºcÅÕÁ systemmatic ‘zta¬dcÄ pranaaliibaddha; \fcºcsÅÕy subyabasthita T table Êqsc¬ tebil; Êb¸ mej tablet csE bari to tabulate yas¬±av›»M ±mÁ taalikaabhukta karaa tail of an animal Ê¬¸ lej tail of a bird zfó· puccha tailor im¸d darajii to take ÊpL½Á neoyaa; ¬L½Á laoyaa to take in, accept ‘³ãt ±mÁ grahan karaa to take hold of, grasp omÁ dharaa; Ê¶jz ma²Á cepe raakhaa to take off clothes ±azE cÁ ¸fyÁ Ê²a¬Á
kaapar baa jutaa kholaa to take off into the air Aa±aj® LEÁ aakaashe oraa to take place ´qÁ ghataa it takes time \b½ ¬aj³ samay laage talent ÊboÁ medhaa; odm®s»M dhiirashaktii talented Êboacd medhaabii talk c»hMyÁ baktrritaa to talk c¬Á balaa; Aa¬az ±mÁ aalaap karaa; c»hMyÁ ±mÁ baktrritaa karaa talkative ca¶a¬ baacaal talkative, gossiping ³lÚ‘zd½ galpapriiya tall ¬BÃÁ lambaa tap ±¬ kal; ¸j¬m ±¬ jaler kal; zaspm ±¬ paanir kal tape sxyÁ phitaa target ¬ñº laksya; ¬ñºcÅß laksyabastu; ¶Ïaibasm c^aad-maari taste \Ãai svaad; mÆs¶ ruci to taste vjñºm \Ãai ¬L½Á bhaksyer svaad laoyaa; Aa\Ãaip aasvaadan tax ±m kar; ma¸\Ã raajasva tax-payer ±m iayÁ kar daataa tea ¶Á caa tea-cup ¶aj½m Êz½a¬Á caayer peyaalaa to teach s®²ajpÁ (s®±ap+) shikhaano (shikhaana); s®ñÁ ÊiL½Á shiksaa deoyaa; zEajpÁ (zEap+) paraano (paraana) teacher s®ñ± shiksak teaching s®ñÁ shiksaa false teaching sbuºÁ s®ñÁ mithyaa shiksaa team i¬ dal
team-work \ãjnas³yÁ sahayogitaa tear in cloth s·pÐ chinna tear in eye Ê¶aj²m ¸¬ cokher jal; Ê¶aj²m zasp cokher paani; Êpê¸¬ netrajal; A‘®Æ ashru to tear material s·ÏjE Êx¬Á ch^ire phelaa; s·pÐ ±mÁ chinna karaa to burst in tears ±apÐa½ Êvjå zEÁ kaannaay bhenge paraa technical nasPò± yaantrik; ±asm³sm kaarigari technique nPòj±à®¬ yantrakooshal teenage Ë±®macÅÕÁ keeshoraabasthaa telephone Êqs¬jxap teliphon; igma¬azpd duuraalaapanii telescope igmcdñt duurabiiksan television Êqj¬sv®p telebhishan; Êqj¬sv\p telebhisan to tell c¬Á balaa to tell of, refer to Fjlì² ±mÁ ullekh karaa; ±uÁ ctípÁ kathaa barnanaa temper Êb¸a¸ mejaaj temperature yazbaêÁ taapamaatra tempest ‘zc¬ ¹E prabal jhar temple bsðim mandir temporary AÅÕa½d asthaayii; \abs½± saamayik to tempt, attract Ê¬av ±mÁ lobh karaa; Ê¬av Êi²ajpÁ (Êi²ap+) lobh dekhaano (dekhaana) to tempt, challenge ‘zj¬avp ±mÁ pralobhan karaa temptation ‘zj¬avp pralobhan; Ê¬av lobh tempted ‘zj¬asvy pralobhita
ten i® dash tendency Ê¹Ïa± jh^ok; ‘zctyÁ prabanataa tender pmb naram; Ê±ab¬ komal tender feeling imi darad tenth i®b dasham tenth part, tithe i®baÈ® dashamaanºsha tenant vaEajq bhaaraate; vaEasq½Á bhaaraatiyaa; ‘z¸Á prajaa term, expression Aa²ºÁ aakhyaa termed, called Aa²ºas½y aakhyaayita terrible \aÈ´asy± saanºghaatik; ¸´ðî jaghanya; v½ám bhayankar; ±ma¬ karaal territory J¬a±Á elaakaa; AÞ¬ ancal test zmdñÁ pariiksaa; zm² parakh to test zmdñÁ ±mÁ pariiksaa karaa tetanus opføÈ±am dhanustanºkaar text zi pad; p^uthi [today's] text [Aa¸-Ê±m] ®aÅòzaw shaastrapaath textbook zawºzfÅÙ± paathyapustak -th [see Grammars 57.3, 58.2] -yb -tam than, compared with [see Grammar 55] ¶aSjy caaite; Ê¶j½ ceye thank you (Arabic origin) ësêM½Á shukriyaa thank you (Sanskrit origin) oðîcai dhanyabaad to thank oðîcai ÊiL½Á dhanyabaad deoyaa; oðîcai ¸apajpÁ (¸apap+) dhanyabaad jaanaano (jaanaana) thankful ±„y¡ krritajna ["krritagya"] thanks oðîcai dhanyabaad that (thing there) K ee; L KqÁ eetaa; LqÁ otaa; FãÁ uhaa
that ... , he says that ... Ên ye; Ê\ cj¬ Ên se bale ye so that Ênp yena that is, i.e., meaning Auíaù arthaat' the [singular thing: see Study 21] -qÁ -taa; -sq -ti; -²apÁ -khaanaa; -²asp -khaani the [plural things] -Ós¬ -guli; -³t -gan; the [singular person] -¸p -jan; -JmÁ -eraa the [plural persons] -³t -gan; -JmÁ -eraa theme sc¿½ bisay; sc¿½cÅß bisay-bastu; ‘z\å prasanga; bg¬vac muul-bhaab them yajimj± (yaãajimj±) taader-ke (taahaader-ke); Ljimj± (Fãajimj±) oder-ke (uhaader-ke) themselves AazpamÁ aapanaaraa; yamÁ AazpamÁ (yaãamÁ AazpamÁ) taaraa aapanaaraa (taahaaraa aapanaaraa) for themselves Aazpajim Fjéj®º aapanaader uddeshye; yaãamÁ Aazpajim Fjéj®º taahaader aapanaader uddeshye then, at that time y²p takhan then, next yam (yaãam) zjm taar (taahaar) pare theocracy D®yPò iishatantra theocratic Ks®± eeshik Theocratic Ministry School Ks®± zsm¶níÁ sciºa¬½ eeshik paricaryaa bidyaalay theory bycai matabaad; Apfbap anumaan there L²ajp okhaane; yua½ tathaay; Ê\²ajp sekhaane there is mj½j· rayeche therefore AyJc ataeb; Ê\¸ðî sejanya thick zfmÆ puru; ´p ghan; ÊbaqÁ motaa
thief Ê¶am cor to thieve ¶›sm ±mÁ curi karaa thigh GmÆ uuru thin zay¬Á paatalaa; \mÆ saru thing s¸sp\Î jinis'; s¸sp¿ jinis; cÅß bastu; ±uÁ kathaa; sc¿½ bisay to think bjp ±mÁ mane karaa; vacÁ bhaabaa; s¶PÙÁ ±mÁ cinta karaa thinking s¶PÙÁ cintaa; vacpÁ bhaabanaa third yŸyd½ trritiiya thirst szza\Á pipaasaa thirsty yŸ©ayí trrisnaarta this (thing here) JS e-i; SãÁ (J) ihaa (e); JqÁ etaa thorn ±ÏaqÁ k^aataa though nsiL yadio thought oamtÁ dhaaranaa; vacpÁ bhaabanaa; ±lÚpÁ kalpanaa; \álÚ sankalpa thought to be cj¬ omÁ bale dharaa thoughts s¶PÙaoamÁ cintaadhaaraa thousand \ã\Í sahasra; ãa¸am haajaar thousands \ã\Íaso± sahasraadhik thorough, complete \BÚgtí sampuurna; zsm- pari- thorough, detailed zfç²apfzfç² punkhaanupunkha thorough, mature, proper za±Á paakaa thorough, with all parts zgtíaå puurnaanga thoroughly, completely \BÚgtímÇjz sampuurnaruupe thoroughly, in detail zfç²apfzfç²mÇjz punkhaanupunkharuupe; zfç²apfzfç²vajc punkhaanupunkhabhaabe thread \fjyÁ suto; ÅgyÁ suutaa
threat v½‘zi®íp bhay-pradarshan; \Èj±y sanºket; y¸íp tarjan to threaten \Èj±y ±mÁ sanºket karaa three syp tin to thresh baEÁ maaraa thrill ÊmabaÞ romaanc to thrill Fj»¸pÁ ¸a³ajpÁ (¸a³ap+) uttejanaa jaagaano (jaagaana) thrilling ÊmabaÞ±m romaanc-kar; Fj»¸pa±m uttejanaakar throat ³¬Á galaa; ±Tw kantha to throb Ê¸ajm ¶¬Á jore calaa throne s\Èãa\p sinºhaasan through [see Studies 22, 23] ±»Ÿí± kartrrik; iÃamÁ dvaaraa throughout... - ojm - dhare to throw ·›ÏEÁ ch^uraa; spjñz ±mÁ niksep karaa thunder ca¸ baaj; Êb´³¸íp megh-garjan to thunder c¸÷O¢sp ãL½Á bajradhvani haoyaa Thursday chãÅÚsycam brrihaspatibaar; sc\fºù cam bisyut' baar thus, in such a manner Jbp eman; Jbpvajc eman-bhaabe; J ‘z±ajm e prakaare thus, hence J bjy e mate; J vajc e bhaabe; JSmÇjz ei ruupe; yjc tabe; yasãj¬ taahile to tickle ears ±ap¶›¬±asp ÊiL½Á kaanaculakaani deoyaa tide, flow Ê‘\ay srot; Ê¸amam öaqÁ joraar bhraataa tidy \f\sæ¸y susajjita to tidy \sw± ÅÕajp ma²Á sathik sthaane raakhaa; nu ÅÕajp ma²Á yatha sthaane
raakhaa tiger ca´ baagh; cºa‘´ byaaghra till, up to zníPÙ (zníºPÙ) paryanta (paryyanta); yacy taabat till now Aiºacso adyaabadhi till then Ên zníPÙ (z½íºPÙ) ye paryanta (paryyanta) time, age, era nf³ yug time [generally] \b½ samay time and time again cajm cajm baare baare during the time of - -\b½±am -samay-kaar during this time, currently cyíbajp (c»íbajp) bartamaane (barttamaane) time period ±a¬ kaal of - time period -±a¬dp -kaaliin to time indefinite s¶mÅÕa½d cirasthaayii time, part of day Êc¬Á belaa Gentile Times, Times of the Nations ¸asy³jtm \b½ jaatiganer samay a prophetic "time" J± "±a¬" ek "kaal" seven "times" \ay "±a¬" saat "kaal" times [multiplication, see Study 57] Ót gun time o'clock, strikes [see Grammar 58.3] -taa; caj¸ baaje What is the time? ±qÁ caj¸? kataa baaje?; ±'qÁ Êcj¸j· (cas¸½aj·)? ka'taa bejechee (baajiyaach)?; ±'qÁ caj¸? ka'taa baaje? to tire out û±aPÙ ãL½Á klaanta haoyaa tired û±aPÙ klaanta tiredness û±asPÙ klaanti title Fzaso upaadhi; zicd padabii; s®mpab shiranaam titled, priveileged Ê²yacoamd khetaabadhaarii
toad ±‚jpÁ cºaµ (Êcµ, cºaÈ) kuno byaan¹ (ben¹, byaanº) tobacco yaba± taamaak today, this day Aa¸j± aajake; Aa¸ aaj; Aiº adya today, nowadays Aa¸±a¬ aaj-kaal; cyíbajp (c»íbajp) bartamaane (barttamaane) toe zaj½m Aaµf¬ (AaçÓ¬) paayer aan¹ul (aangul) together J±jê ekatre; J± \jå ek sange to come together J±sêy ãL½Á ekatrita haoyaa; ¸bÁ jamaa to bring together ¸bajpÁ (¸bap+) jamaano (jamaana) to work together J±jê ±a¸ ±mÁ ekatre kaaj karaa toilet room \Ðapa³am snaanaagaar token, small indication s¶ãM cihna; spi®íp nidarshan to tolerate \N ±mÁ sahya karaa tolerance \N sahya; \ãp®d¬yÁ toleration of other religions zmobí\sã©‚yÁ paradharmasahisnutaa tomb ±cm kabar; \basoÅÙBÖ memorial tombs [Åšmtd½] ±cm [smaraniiya] kabar; ±cmÅÕap kabarasthaan tomorrow Aa³asb ±a¬ aagaamii kaal; ±a¬º kaalya day after tomorrow Aa³abd zmë aagaamii parashu tongue s¸v jibha; s¸ã¢Á jihbaa upon the tongue s¸ã¢aj‘³ jihbaagre
prati; -Jm Fjéj® -er uddeshe towel Êya½aj¬ toyaale tower Û³í durga; Fó¶ A‹as¬±Á ucca attaalikaa town ®ãm shahar; p³m nagar tract q÷ºaQ tryaakt trade cºc\Á byabasaa; cºc\am byabasaar; êM½-scêM½ kray-bikray; cast¸º baanijya trader cast½Á baaniyaa trading, commercial casps¸º± baanijik tradition Ksyãº eetihya; zmBÚma³y AaSp paramparaagata aain traditional \payp sanaatan; s¶ma¶smy ciraacarita; Kydãºby eetihyamata; zmBÚma³y paramparaagata traffic, movement of goods baj¬m naya½ay maaler yaataayaat; cãp bahan traffic, movement of people naêdm naya½ay yaatriir yaataayaat; cãp bahan train on railway Êq÷p tren; Êm¬³asE to train s®ñÁ ÊiL½Á shiksaa deoyaa training s®ñÁ shiksaa traitor sc®Ãa\´ay± bishbaas-ghaatak to trample ziis¬y ±mÁ pad-dalita karaa trampling [process] zi-i¬p pad-dalan to transfer cis¬ ±mÁ badali karaa; ÅÕapaPÙsmy ±mÁ sthaanaatarita karaa; Aap½p ±mÁ aanayan karaa transferred ÅÕapaPÙsmy sthaanaantarita to transform, change zsmty ±mÁ parinata karaa; mÇzaPÙsmy ±mÁ ruupaantarita karaa to transform oneself into, use a guise of
Êc® oamt ±mÁ -er besh dhaaran karaa transformation zsmtsy parinati transformed zsmty parinata to translate Apfcai ±mÁ anubaad karaa translation Apfcai anubaad to transmit Ê‘zmt ±mÁ preran karaa transport zsmcãt paribahan to transport zsmcãt ±mÁ paribahan karaa trap xÏai ph^aad; Ê±à®¬ kooshal travel öbt bhraman; naêÁ yaatraa; Êna³ajna³ yogaayog; naya½ay yaataayaat to travel öbt ±mÁ bhraman karaa treacherous ‘zcÞ± prabancak; sc®Ãa\´ay± bishbaas-ghaatak; cÞ± bancak±ÎÞÎpÎcÎ treachery sc®Ãa\´ay±yÁ to treat medically s¶s±ù\Á ±mÁ cikit'saa karaa to treat, deal, behave toward cºcãam ±mÁ byabahaar karaa treatment medically s¶s±ù\Á cikit'saa treatment, dealing, behaviour cºcãam byabahaar; Aa¶mt aacaran; ctípÁ barnanaa tree ³a· gaach; chñ brriksa "tree of the knowledge of good and bad" "\i\iÎ¡ap ia½± [Ên] chñ" ("sad-sad'gyaan-daayak") [ye] brriksa trembling, trepidation ±BÚ kampa with trembling \±BÚ sakampa tremendous ‘z¶Ý pracanda trepidation ±BÚ kampa with trepidation \±BÚ sakampa
trial, judgement sc¶am bicaar trial,try-out zmdñÁ spmdñ pariiksaa niriiksa triangle sêv›¸ tribhuj tribe Fz¸asy upajaati tribulation Êû±® klesh great tribulation bãajû±® mahaaklesh trick ¶a¬as± caalaaki; Ê±à®¬ kooshal; ‘zyampÁ prataaranaa to trick ‘zyampÁ ±mÁ prataaranaa karaa tricked ‘zyasmy prataarita trinity sêYÃ tritva; syp¸p tin-jan triumphant sc¸½d bijayii trolley Êw¬a³aEd thelaagaarii trouble ±ø kastal Êû±® klesh; sczi bipad; Ê³a¬jna³ golaayog; ¹ajb¬Á jhaamelaa; scms»M birakti; A\f² asukh troubled, shaken sc¶s¬y bicalita trousers sq¬Á za¸abÁ tilaa paajaamaa; za½¸abÁ paayajaamaa; zajYÌap paatlon true \yº satya; \syº satyi; sc®ÃÅÙ bishbasta; sw± thik trumpet y›md turii; s®åÁ shingaa trust sc®Ãa\ bishbaas to trust [in] [-Êy, -Jm Fzm] [-te, -er upar] sc®Ãa\ ±mÁ bishvaas karaa; spvím ±mÁ nirbhar karaa trustworthy sc®Ãa\jna³º bishbaas-yogya; spvím®d¬ nirbhar-shiil; sc®Ãa\º bishvaasya; sc®ÃÅÙ bishvasta; sc®Ãa\pd½ bishvaasaniiya truth \yº satya; \yºyÁ satyataa truthful \yºcaid satyabaadii try Ê¶øÁ cestaa
to try Ê¶øÁ ±mÁ cestaakaraa tube p¬ nal Tuesday bå¬cam mangal-baar tune \Ãm svar; yap taan tunnel \fmå zu suranga path turn, bend za¬Á paalaa; cÏa±Á b^aakaa turn, opportunity \fjna³ suyog; znía½ to turn, go round ´fmÁ ghuraa to turn, make go round ´fmajpÁ (´fmap+) ghuraano (ghuraana); Ê´majpÁ (Ê´map+) gheraano (gheraana); F¼qajpÁ (F¼qap+) ul'taano (ul'taana) to turn away, deflect \smj½ (\maS½Á) ÊpL½Á sariye (saraaiyaa) neoyaa turning point in time or space sxmajpÁ (sxmap+) phiraano (phiraana) twelve cajmÁ (cam) baaro (baara) twelfth generally iÃai® dvaadash twelfth date of month camS baarai twentieth century scÈ® ®yasCÉ binºsha shataabdi twenty sc® bish; ±‚sE kuri twin- siÃ- dvi-; Û- du-; ÛS- dui-; nb¸ yamaj twinkle s¹±Îsb±Î jhik'mik'; sbsq sbsq miti miti to twist cÏa±ajpÁ (cÏa±ap+) b^aakaano (b^aakaana); b¶Î±ajpÁ (b¶…±ap+) mac'kaano (mac'kaana); za± ÊiL½Á paak deoyaa two ÛS dui two-edged sword siÃ-oam ²EÎ³ dvi-dhaar khar'ga typhoid \aspÐzasy± æ¢m saanipaatik
(aparibarttaniiya) uncle, father's brother ¸ºawÁ jyaathaa; ±a±Á kaakaa uncle, father's sister's husband sz\Á pisaa; szj\ pise uncle, mother's brother babÁ maamaa uncle, mother's sister's husband ²a¬f khaalu; Ê²¬f khelu; Êbj\Á meso; Êbj®ab®a½ meshomashaay unclean Aë¶d ashucii; Azsmsó·pÐ aparicchinna unclear AÅÚø aspasta uncomfortable A\Ãaó·ði asvaacchanda unconcerned FjiÃ³®gðî udveg-shuunya unconditional ®yíscãdp shartabihiin; scpÁ ®yí binaa sharta unconfirmed A\bsuíy asamarthita; A‘zbasty apramaanita unconscious ÊcÀÏ® beh^ush; A¡ap ajnaan ["agyaan"] uncontrolled Asp½sby aniyamita under, below pdj¶ niice; spjBÐ nimne; bjoº madhye under -, in conditions -AcÅÕa½ under, subject to -Aodp -adhiin; -Aodjp under-, beneath spBÐ- nimna- under-, sub- Fz- upa- to undergo, experience Êva³ ±mÁ bhog karaa; 'Jm Asv¡yÁ zaL½Á abhijnataa ("abhigyataa") paaoyaa underground, "in hell" zayaj¬ paataale underground, in earth basqm y¬a½ maatir
talaay underground, in secret Ê³azjp gopane undermentioned in writing spBÐ s¬s²y nimnalikhita to undersign spjBÐ pab \Ãdñm ±mÁ nimne naam sviikar karaa to understand Êca¹Á bojhaa; cf¹Á bujhaa; cf¹jy (cfs¹jy) zamÁ bujh-te (bujhite) paaraa able to understand Êcao³bº bodhagamya understanding, ability to reason cfsÄ buddhi; Êcaoj³abºyÁ bodh-gamyataa understanding, agreement Aajza¿-spÑÚs» aapos-nispatti undertaking, hardwork ias½YÃzgtí ±a¸ daayitvapuurna kaaj underwear APÙcía\ antar-baas undeveloped Azsmty aparinata undisciplined Asp½sPòy aniyantrita undivided Ascv»M abhibakta; Ascsó·pÐ abicchinna undoubted \jðiãaydy sandehaatiita; spsô¶y nishcita undoubtedly sp@\jðiã nihh-sandeha; AcôîS abashya-i; spô¶½S nishcay-i undue, excessive Ayºso± atyadhik unduly, excessively Ayºso±mÇjz unemployed Êc±am bekaar unemployment Êc±am AcÅÕÁ bekaar abasthaa unexpected A‘zyºas®y apratyaashita unfair Apºa½ anyaay; A\aof asaadhu unfavourable ‘zsy±‚¬ pratikul; Aëv ashubh;