2.3. Integrating Child Protection in Early Recovery Assessment Phase Methodology Background Information WWNK Indicators Assessment of the local government capacity and structure 3 Key informant questionnaire, individual questionnaire / Representative sampling This assessment is done at institutional level (municipal level) service provider by service provider It should be completed within 2 weeks (depending on the area to be covered, number of administrative units, access, etc.) Accessibility of basic services to children, regardless of their age, sex, background and their different abilities Capacities for provision of people/resources at community level to provide support for children Capacities and role of the government in ensuring effective referral mechanisms are established and implemented Capacities and mechanisms in the community to respond to child separation Availability and accessibility of essential sexual violence response services for children (especially health and psychosocial services) Percentage of communities with comprehensive services and support accessible to excluded groups Percentage of targeted communities with a functioning referral system Percentage of communities that have functioning safe spaces for children (and/or youth) Percentage of communities where 60% or more of those surveyed confirm that CBCPMs exist in their communities Adapted registration forms, SOPs, information, referral and case-management systems (to prevent and respond to family separation) in place Existence of a case management system Number of social workers, staff and health-service providers trained on child-appropriate responses to sexual violence Emergency Market 3 Community level This assessment aims at The data collected is normally age & sex Percentage of surveyed community
long-term recovery programs, and to help determine international development assistance needs. Usually carried out from phase 4 of an emergency onwards Livelihood Assessment 4+ Household level questionnaire / Representative sampling An assessment carried out by the Early Recovery and/or Food Security cluster Carried out in both urban and rural settings together, or each cluster in either the urban or rural setting, depending on who does what where Comprehensive assessment carried out during 2nd month after emergency Rapid livelihoods assessment tools are developed to get a quick overview of existing needs within the first few weeks of the emergency Child Labor (patterns and scale of the worst forms of child labor, increase in children’s exposure to worst forms of child labor, new worst forms of child labor) Physical violence and other harmful practices (existing scale of child marriage and likely new risks a s a result of the emergency) Other areas for integration with age & sex disaggregated data: Livelihoods Dependents Families The cause of livelihood loss & how it impacts the family Percentage of surveyed community members who indicate the involvement of children in WFCL Percentage of communities reporting the incidence of reported cases of trafficking for exploitation (labour or sex) Percentage/number of reported incidence of intentional physical violence and other harmful practices [broken down by victim] 2.4. Integrating Child Protection in Education Assessment Phase Background Information WWNK Indicators
The Rapid Joint Education Needs Assessment (RJENA) 3 Key informant questionnaire, Direct observation, Limited Focus Group Discussion / Purposive sampling This assessment is usually carried out at the earliest during the 3rd phase. The tools used for education NAs are contextualized for each emergency. However all assessments aim to assess all components of a quality education: access & learning environment; teaching & learning; teachers & other education personnel; education policy; community participation & coordination. Additionally, nine key thematic issues are assessed: Gender Psychosocial distress ECD Youth Inclusive education Rights HIV and AIDS Conflict mitigation & resolution Disaster risk reduction UASC Patterns of separation from usual caregivers of boys and girls Types of care arrangements for separated and unaccompanied children and existing gaps Capacities and mechanisms in the community to respond to child separation Physical violence and other harmful practices Types and levels of violence towards girls and boys in the community Causes and level of risk of death and/or severe injury to children resulting from violence and/or harmful practices Dangers and injuries Nature and extent of any hazards for children in the environment Sexual violence Specific risks of sexual violence for girls and boys Availability and accessibility of essential sexual violence response services for children (especially health and psychosocial services) Common harmful practices Psychosocial distress and mental Percentage of children separated from their caregivers Adapted registration forms, SOPs, information, referral and case-management systems (to prevent and respond to family separation) in place Percentage of registered UASC in appropriate and protective care arrangements Percentage/number of reported incidence of intentional physical violence and other harmful practices [broken down by victim] Number and percentage of assessed formal and informal learning environments that are considered safe for boys and girls of different ages Existence of a case management system Percentage of surveyed teachers and other education personnel who indicate children exhibit behavioral changes that relate to symptoms of distress since the emergency Percentage of surveyed learning environments who offer psychosocial support to children and youth and to teachers and other education personnel Percentage of surveyed learning environments who note the recruitment of children into armed forces and/or groups
Assessment of Relief and Transitions (SMART) questionnaire for guardians) / Representative sampling health indicators: Nutritional status of children under five (weight & height, malnutrition rates) Mortality rate of the population Often, additional information is collected such as: Age & sex of each household member Information about the cause of death of children under 5 In certain occasions, a questionnaire will also be developed to collect further information from the children’s guardian (incl. feeding habits, etc.). The most widely accepted practice is to assess malnutrition levels in children aged 6–59 months as a proxy for the population as a whole. opportunities: To collect data on UASC To identify particularly vulnerable households (single headed, child headed, who has a member requiring special assistance etc.) Percentage of children separated from their caregivers Number of suspected cases of separation, violence, abuse, exploitation or neglect identified through nutrition programs and referred to child protection organizations. 2.8. Integrating Child Protection in Protection Assessment Phase Methodology Background Information WWNK Indicators Rapid Protection 3 Review of secondary data, The assessment is carried out either alongside or after multi-sectorial assessments UASC Patterns of separation from Percentage of children separated from their caregivers
Children associated with armed forces or groups Past and current trends in involvement/association of children with armed forces or groups Percentage of communities surveyed who confirm that Community based Child Protection Mechanisms (CBCPMs) exist in their community 2.9. Integrating Child Protection in Shelter Assessment Phase Methodology Background Information WWNK Indicators REACH Initiative 3&4 Household level survey, key informant interview / Representative sampling After an emergency, REACH supports better targeting and planning of relief assistance by facilitating rapid needs assessments, as well as monitoring and evaluation of humanitarian interventions. EACH and the Shelter cluster collaborate on assessments with REACH providing either on-the-ground support or remote technical support. UASC Patterns of separation from usual caregivers of boys and girls Dangers & injuries Nature and extent of Percentage of children separated from their caregivers Percentage/number of reported child survivors of severe injury
Shelter assessments usually attempt to collect data which will enable them to establish the following needs: Shelter Basic goods and supplies to meet personal hygiene needs, prepare and eat food, provide thermal comfort, build, maintain or repair shelters Distance or protection from security threats, threats from disease, or other natural hazards and safety hazards Access to livelihood support activities Return to country/settlement of origin (where possible) or dispersed settlements Access to water and sanitation services and social facilities Freedom of movement into and out of settlements Land and property ownership and/or user rights Access to information about and participation in shelter and settlement outputs Attention is given to the needs of persons most frequently, but not consistently at risk in disasters (female heads of households, persons with disabilities, refugees, single parents, unaccompanied children and elders). any hazards for children in the environment Physical violence and other harmful practices Types and level of violence towards girls and boys in the community Sexual violence Specific risks of sexual violence for girls and boys Percentage/number of reported incidence of intentional physical violence and other harmful practices [broken down by victim] Percentage of shelter programs where child safety and well being, including family unity are reflected in design, monitoring and evaluation. Percentage of constructed shelters that are in an accessible distance from one or more spaces for children’s activities (schools, CFSs, etc.) 2.10. Integrating Child Protection in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Assessment Phase Methodology Background Information WWNK Indicators Potential assessments 2&3 Assessments carried out by the WASH cluster will collect data on: The number of pregnant women The number of children under 5 & other vulnerable people (this could include children aged 5-17 who are disabled) Whether or not the population has suitable access to water, toilets & bathing UASC Patterns of separation from usual caregivers Protecting excluded children Accessibility of basic services to children, regardless of their age, sex, background Percentage of children separated from their caregivers Percentage of WASH projects where child safety and wellbeing, including family unity, are reflected in design, monitoring and evaluation
Annex 2: Guiding Principles Principle 1: Building upon previous experiences - the ethical considerations applicable to humanitarian assessments Considering the potential negative impact of assessments Child Participation Child participation in assessments is important, and should take place if it’s meaningful & safe to do so Ensuring that you are “context appropriate” Speaking to local people or colleagues with in-depth knowledge is important to understand about sensitive and politicized issues This will help deciding on what questions to include and on adapting language & tools Dealing with sensitive data Data on sensitive issues needs to guarantee confidentiality of the respondent Certain assessment methodologies are thus unsuitable to collect sensitive information (f. ex. Focus Group Discussions) More appropriate methods: key informant interviews Only interviewers with adequate CP training should ask sensitive questions around topics such as sexual violence and the existence of children working or used by armed groups 1.2. When carrying out an assessment is either unnecessary or inappropriate When decisions have already been taken and the assessment results will have no relevance When no more additional information is required When the assessment puts data collectors or interviewees in harmful situations When the results of the assessment will be incorrect or biased (f. ex. when interviewees don’t feel secure enough to tell the truth) When a population feels over-assessed and possibly hostile to assessments 1.3. Urgent Action & Commitment to follow-up action as necessary A commitment from actors carrying out an assessment to respond to urgent action is necessary Actors must ensure to respond appropriately when a child’s life and/or wellbeing is in immediate danger Urgent action is important and should be highlighted as a necessary part of any assessment that has CP components An effective urgent action procedure will look like a referral pathway which can be easily followed by assessment teams in the field 1.4. Other applicable principles It is important not to raise false expectations with communities when carrying out an assessment by being clear about its objectives Assessments should identify ways to support existing community-coping mechanisms which don’t violate basic rights or harm children Principle 2: Integration is a two-way street The IASC Transformative Agenda calls for a greater evidence-based, strategic and prioritized humanitarian response. To facilitate this, it proposes stronger coordination around the HPC, starting with needs assessments and analysis.
Health Health Resources Availability and Mapping System Nutrition Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions Protection Rapid Protection Assessment Shelter REACH Initiative WASH REACH Initiative Phase 4 From the fifth week following the crisis Multi-Sectorial Needs Assessment CCCM Camp Capacity Mapping Early Recovery Livelihoods Assessment PDNA/PCNA Education Comprehensive Joint Education Needs Assessment Food Security Livelihood Assessment Toolkit Emergency Food Security Assessment Household Economy Approach Nutrition Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions Shelter REACH Initiative
Initial rapid assessment (IRA) 1&2 Household level: children under 5 years old and possibly a guardian’s questionnaire. The sampling methodology will be defined based on the specific context in which it will be carried out and may include: key informant interviews, focus group discussions & observations. This was a multi-sectorial assessment carried out by the Health, Nutrition and WASH clusters which has been more recently replaced by the MIRA. An IRA might still however be carried out by the nutrition cluster in the 2 phases of an emergency at sub-national level. UASC Percentage of children separated from their caregivers Percentage of child headed households Annex 11: Additional Assessments that may provide opportunities for integration – Protection Assessment Phase Methodology Background Information WWNK Indicators