Apfs¶y anucit unknown, not made known Azsms¶y aparicita unknown, undiscovered ApascÑþ„y anaabiskrrita unlawful Akco abeedh; ÊcAaSpd beaainii unless nsi pÁ yadi naa; pj¶ù nacet' unlikely \BÖacpaãdp sambhaabanaahiin; A\BÖc asambhab to unload ba¬ ²a¬a\ ±mÁ maal khaalaas karaa unmanageable, unruly Aibpd½ adamaniiya unmarried Asccasãy abibaahita unnatural A\Ãavasc± asvaabhaabik; ±„sêb krritrim unofficial Êc-\m±amd be-sarakaarii unpaid, due ca±d baakii unpaid, honorary Akcysp± abeetanik unparalled AsiÃyd½ advitiiya; Apfzb anupam; Ay›¬pd½ atulaniiya unpopular ¸p‘zd½ p½ Jbp janapriiya nay eman unprecedented Avœyzgcí abhuut-puurba; ps¸mscsãp najirabihin; Azgcí (AzgCÃí) apuurbba (apuurba) unprepared A‘zÅßy aprastut unprincipled pdsy¡apãdp niitijnaan-hiin ["niitigyaan-hiin"] unprofitable ¬avãdp laabh-hiin unprotected Amsñy araksita; Apachy anaabrrita unreal A\yº asatya; AcaÅÙc abaastab unreasonable Ajnàs»M± ayooktik;
nfs»Mãdp yuktihiin; spjcíao nirbodh unreliable Asc®Ãa\º abishvaasya; Aspvímjna³º anirbhar-yogya unrest Fz±TwÁ upakanthaa; ¶aÞ¬º caancalya; scjñav biksobh unruly Aibpd½ adamaniiya; Aibº adamya; Acaoº abaadhya unsafe sczæ¸p± bipajjanak unseen Aihø adrrista; A‘z±as®y aprakaashita; Aj³a¶m agocar unsold AscêMdy abikriita unsolved AbdbaÈs\y amiimaanºsita unsteady AsÅÕm asthir; ¶Þ¬ cancal unsuccessful A±„y±aní (A±„y±aníº) akrritakaarya (akrritakaaryya); spÑx¬ nisphal unsuccessful chua½ brrithaay unsympathetic \ãapfvœsy®gðî sahaanubhuutishuunya unthinkable As¶PÙpd½ acintaniiya to untie Ê²a¬Á kholaa until, up to [see Study 39] zníPÙ (zníºPÙ) paryanta (paryyanta) until .... is done, while it is not done Ên zníºPÙ ... pÁ ... ye paryyanta ... naa ... untimely A\abs½± asaamayik; A±aj¬ ´sqy akaale ghatita unusually [adverb used with adjective] Asy ati unwell A\fÅÕ asustha; va¬ p½ bhaala nay unwholesome A\ÃaÅÕº±m asvaasthyakar unwilling Aspó·f± anicchuk unwise Êca±Á bokaa; A\bd¶dp asamiiciin up, above Fzm upar
¬a³ajpÁ (¬a³ap+) kaaje laagaano (laagaana); ‘zj½a³ ±mÁ prayog karaa to use, pass time \b½ ±aqajpÁ (±aqap+) samay kaataano (kaataana) to use up, spend time \b½ ¬a³ajpÁ (¬a³ap+) samay laagaano (laagaana) used cºc§y byabahrrita used in- -iam -daar I, you, he, you used to, would [see Study 50, Past Frequentative Tense] ±myab (±smyab) kar-taam (karitaam), ±mjy (±smjy) kar-te (karite), ±my (±smy) (karita), ±mjyp (±smjyp) kar-ten (kariten) useful cºcãamjna³º byabahaar-yogya; ‘zj½a¸pd½ prayojaniiya usual \aoamt saadhaaran; \Ãavasc± svaabhaabik usually, normally \aoamty (\aoamty@) saadhaaranata (saadhaaranatahh) usually, often ‘za½S praay-i uterus ³ví garbha; ¸ma½g jaraayuu utility Fzjnas³yÁ upayogitaa; ‘zj½a¸pd½yÁ prayojaniiyataa to utilize \bcºcãam ±mÁ sam-byabahaar karaa; ±aj¸ ¬a³ajpÁ (¬a³ap+) kaaje laagaano (laagaana) to utter Fó¶amt ±mÁ uccaaran karaa utterance Fó¶amt uccaaran V vacant ²as¬ khaali; ®gðî shuunya vacancy ±bí²as¬ karmakhaali vacation ·›sq chuti; Ac±a® ·›sq abakaash chuti vaccination sq±aiap tikaadaan
vaccine sq±Á tikaa vacuum ëðîyÁ shunyataa vague AÅÚø aspasta vain spÑx¬ nisphal; Apuí± anarthak; chuÁ brrithaa in vain spÑx¬vajc nisphal-bhaabe; Apuí±vajc anarthakbhaabe; chua½ brrithaay vale Fzyº±Á upatyakaa valiant \aãs\± saahasik valid Ëco beedh; sw± thik valley Fzyº±Á upatyakaa valour scêMb bikram valuable bg¬ºcap muulyabaan; iabd daamii valuation bg¬ºa½p muulyaayan value bg¬º muulya; iab daam; Fzmas±yÁ upakaaritaa valve ±zaq kapaat van ba¬³aEd maal-gaari vanguard A‘³³abd Ë\ðî agragaami seenya to vanish APÙsãíy ãL½Á antarhita haoyaa vanity chuÁ Aãáam brrithaa ahankaar vapour caÑÚ baaspa; vaz bhaap variable, changing zsmcyíp®d¬ (zsmc»íp®d¬) paribartan-shiil (paribarttan-shiil); variable, restless, wavering ¶Þ¬ cancal; ¶¬ cal variation zsmcyíp (zsmc»íp) paribartan (paribarttan) variations yamybº taaratamya variety ¸¬\Á jalasaa; scsvpÐ m±b bibhinna rakam
various scsvpÐ bibhinna; Apºaðî anyaanya; papascso naanaabidhi varnish caspí® baarnish to vary, be changed svpÐ by ãL½Á bhinna mata haoyaa; scsvpÐ ãL½Á bibhinna haoyaa to vary, make change scsvpÐ ±mÁ bibhinna karaa vast, plentiful, great scÅÙm bistar; scÅÙdtí bistiirna vegetable ysmym±amd tatitarakaarii; ®a±\asC¸ shaak-saabji; ®a±\cs¸ vegetarian spmasb¿d niraamisii vegetation Aá‚mt ankuran; FsIÖi udbhida vehicle nap yaan; napcaãp yaanabaahan veil Aacmt aabaran; Êcam²Á borakhaa vein s®mÁ shiraa; m»McãÁ paEd raktabahaa naarii velocity Êcj³m ãam beger haar; ³syjc³ gatibeg velvet b²b¬ makhamal veneration ³vdm ‘®ÄÁ gabhiir shraddhaa veneral disease Ênàp\ÈêMaPÙ Êma³ yoonasanºkraanta vengeance ‘zsyj®ao pratishodh venom sc¿ bis; ³m¬ garal venomous sc¿a»M bisaakta; Aspø±m anistakar ventilation ca½f-\Þa¬p baayu-sancaalan venue sb¬p-ÅÕ¬ milan-sthal verbal Êbàs²± mookhik verdict ma½ raay verge \dbÁ siimaa; ‘zaPÙ praanta
drristibhangi; s¶PÙaoamÁ cintaadhaaraa; ihsøj±at drristikon vigililance \y±íyÁ satarkataa; ¸a‘³ycÅÕÁ jaagratabasthaa vigilant Ê¸j³ (¸as³½Á) jege (jaagiyaa); \y±í satarka; \acoap saab-dhaan; \y±í ‘zãamy satarka praharaarata vigorous Fù\aãd ut'saahii; c¬capÎ balabaan'; ‘zc¬ prabal vile - Û@- duhh- village ‘³ab graam; zlìd ‘³ab palii graam to vindicate \yºyÁ ‘zbat ±mÁ satyataa pramaan karaa vine ‘iañ¬yÁ draksalataa vinegar s\m±Á sirakaa; A¼b alma vinegar taste, sour q± tak violation, breaking ¬È´p lanºghan violation, act of forcing, raping c¬aù±am balaat'kaar violence ÊiàmaYšº dooraatmya; sãÈ\Á hinºsaa violent sãÈ‘\ hinºsra; \sãÈ\Á sahinºsa violet colour ÊcÓpd mÈ begunii ranº violet coloured ÊcÓpd mjåm begunii ranger virgin girl ±‚bamd kumaarii; ±pºÁ kanyaa; ±ðî kanya; AñyÁ aksataa; Añyjnasp aksatayoni virgin, pure (male) scëÄ bishuddha virgin, pure (female) scëÄÁ bishuddhaa; \yd satii virginity, virgin pureness scëÄyÁ virtue, moral excellence \iÎÓt sad'gun; zfðî punya; obí (oBší) dharma (dharmma); Ót
gun; Ëpsy± Fù±¿íyÁ neetik ut'karsataa virtuous zscê pabitra; \yd satii virus Êmaj³m cd¸ roger biij visible ihôî drrishya; ihôîy@ drrishyatahh; ihsøj³a¶m drristigocar; Ëisã± deehik vision, foregleam i®íp darshan; ihsø drristi vision, foresight ±lÚpÁ kalpanaa vision, sight i®íp®s»M darshan-shakti visit \añaù saaksaat'; \xm saphar to visit \añaù ±mÁ saaksaat' karaa \xm ±mÁ saphar karaa visitor zsmi®í± paridarshak; öbt±amd bhraman-kaarii; ÊbãÎbap meh'maan; yiam±±amd tadaarak-kaarii to visualize ihsøj³a¶m ±mÁ drristigocar karaa vital Ayºacôî± atyaabashyak; ¸dcp mñ± jiiban raksak; ¸mÆmd jarurii with vital strength Êy¸ tej vitality ¸dcp®s»M jiiban-shakti vitamin ²aiº‘zat khaadyapraan vocabulary Asvoap abhidhaan; ®CÉj±a¿ shabdakos voice mc rab; ±Tw\Ãm kanthasvar; ca¶º baacya; ³¬Á galaa; catd baanii volatile, evaporative FiÃ½d udvayii volcano Aaj³Ð½s³sm aagneyagiri voluntary Ê\Ãó·azgcí± (Ê\Ãó·azgCÃí±) svecchaapuurbak (svecchaapuurbak); Ê\Ãó·a±„y svecchaakrrita; \Ãy@‘z±„» svetahhaprakrritta; \Ãy@Åäƒyí svatahhasphuurta volunteer Ê\Ãó·aj\c± svecchaasebak
to vomit csb ±mÁ bami karaa vote ÊvaqÎ bhot' vow ‘zsy¡Á pratijnaa ["pratigyaa"] vowel \Ãctí svabarna; \ÃmO¢sp svaradhani voyage naêÁ yaatraa vulgar, bad mannered As®ø ashista; A®Ìd¬ ashliil vulgar, common \aoamt saadhaaran; vulgarity A®a¬dpyÁ ashaaliinataa; scs®ø bishista vulture ®±‚sp shakuni; Ê®a±‚p shokun W wage Êcyp betan waist Ê±abm komar to wait AjzñÁ ±mÁ apeksaa karaa; ‘zyºa®Á ±mÁ pratyaashaa karaa; ‘zydñÁ ±mÁ pratiiksaa karaa to wake up, stir oneself ¸a³Á jaagaa; FwÁ uthaa; ¸a³asmy ãL½Á jaagaarita haoyaa to wake up someone else ¸a³ajpÁ (¸a³ap+) jaagaano (jaagaana); FwajpÁ (Fwap+) uthaano (uthaana) to walk ÊcEajpÁ (ÊcEap+) beraano (beraana); ãÏaqÁ h^aataa wall Êi½a¬ deyaal; ‘za¶dm praaciir; ÊiL½a¬ deoyaal to wander ´fjm ÊcEajpÁ (´fsE½Á ÊcEap+) ghure beraano (ghuriyaa beraana) want, lack Avac abhaab; scm¬yÁ biralataa to want ¶aL½Á caoayaa war nfÄ yuddha to war nfÄ ±mÁ yuddha karaa wardrobe cÅòaiab bastraadaam; Aa¬bamd
aalamaarii warehouse ba¬Óiab maalagudaam; ztºa³am panyaagaar warfare nfÄ±a¬dp AcÅÕÁ yuddhakaaliin abasthaa warm F© usna; ³mb garam; \aim saadar warm relationship F© \BÚ±í usna samparka; F© \BÃï usna sambandha; ´spø \BÚ±í ghanista samparka warm-hearted, sincere AaPÙsm± aantarik to warn \y±í ±mÁ satarka karaa warning \y±ícatd satarkabaanii; \acoap saabadhaan warrant, document zmL½apÁ par-oyaanaa ["par-waanaa] warrior Ë\ðî seenya; ÊnaÄÁ yoddhaa was s·¬ chila to wash Êoà½Á dhoyaa; Êoa½Á dhoyaa; ±a¶Á kaacaa washing Êoà½Á Êba·Á dhooyaa mochaa; of¬aS dhulaai washtub ³ab¬Á gaamalaa wasp Êca¬ÎyÁ bol'taa waste, desert ¸p\fðî janasunya; bmÆv›sb marubhuumi waste, deserted, fallen zsyy patita waste, garbage, refuse Aac¸ípÁ aabarjanaa waste, unnecessary A‘zj½a¸pd½ aprayojaniiya waste, useless spending Azcº½ apabyay; Az¶½ apacay waste, valueless bg¬ºãdp muulyahiin to waste pø ±mÁ nasta karaa; Azcº½ ±mÁ apabyay karaa; Fz¶½ ±mÁ upacay karaa
to waste time \b½ pø ±mÁ samay nasta karaa watch, timepiece ´sE ghari watch, time period ‘zãm prahar to watch Êi²Á dekhaa; ¬ñº ma²Á laksya raakhaa watchman ‘zãmd praharii Watchtower ‘zãmdÛ³í prahariidurga water ¸¬ jal; zasp paani; Aac aab water cycle ¸¬ ¶êM jala cakra waterfall ¸¬‘zzay jalaprapaat water-melon ymbf¸ taramuj wave of energy cast baani; ymå taranga wave of hand Êia¬a½bap ³sy dolaayamaan gati; Aajðia¬p aandolan wave of sea ÊrF deu to wave Êia¬as½y ±mÁ dolaayita karaa wave-length ymå-Ëi´íº taranga-deerghya wavy ymåas½y tarangaayita; ymå \È±‚¬ taranga sanºkul; Aajðias¬y aandolita wax [as in candles] Êbab mom wax in ears ±ajpm b¬ kaaner mal; ±tí b¬ karna mal way, path zu path; maÅÙÁ raastaa way in ‘z±am prakaar; vac bhaab way out casãm baahir; casã³íbp zu baahirgaman path in a - way; -ly -Aajuí -aarthe we AabmÁ aamaraa weak Ûcí¬ durbal weakly, ill A\fÅÕ asustha; mÆ³Ð rugna weakness Ûcí¬yÁ durbalataa wealth op dhan; \BÚi sampad; Auí artha; K®Ãní eeshvarya; op\BÚs»
wealthy opd dhanii; opcap dhanabaan weapon AÅò astra; AÅò®Åò astrashastra weapon proliferation AÅò ‘zsyjnas³yÁ astra pratiyogitaa wear, damage through use Êza¿± posak to wear, put on zsmoap ±mÁ paridhaan karaa to wear out, become weak Ac¿pÐ ãL½Á abasanna haoyaa to wear out, make weak Ac¿pÐ ±mÁ abasanna karaa wear and tear ñ½ ksay; ¸dtí AcÅÕÁ jiirna abasthaa weariness û±asPÙ klaanti wearisome scms»M±m biraktikar weary û±aPÙ klaanta weather AacãaL½Á aabahaaoyaa to weave c½p ±mÁ bayan karaa; ÊcapÁ bonaa weaving cfpasp bunaani; Êcapam ±a¸ bonaar kaaj weaver yÏayd t^aatii to wed sccaã ±mÁ bibaaha karaa wedding sccaã bibaaha wedlock sccaã cïp bibaaha bandhan Wednesday cfocam budhabaar weed Aa³a·Á aagaachaa "the weeds" [darnel grass] "®ºaba´a\" "shaamaaghaas" week \zÙaã saptaah; \zÙÁ saptaa weekly \azÙasã± saaptaahik to weep ±ÏaiÁ k^aadaa; êMðip ±mÁ krandan karaa
to weigh physically L¸p ÊiL½Á ojan deoyaa; L¸p ±mÁ ojan karaa to weigh thoughtfully scjc¶pÁ ±mÁ bibecanaa karaa weight L¸p ojan; vam bhaar; zsmbat parimaana weird AIÖfy adbhut welcome AvºuípÁ abhyarthanaa; \Ãa³y svaagat Welcome! (see Greetings!) Aa\fp Aa\fp! aasun aasun! to welcome \Ãa³y \BÖa¿t ±mÁ svaagat sambhaasan karaa; AvºauípÁ ±mÁ abhyaarthanaa karaa; \baihy ±mÁ samaadrrita karaa welfare bå¬ mangal; FpÐsy unnati well, in good condition vaj¬Á (va¬) bhaalo (bhaala) well, in good health \fÅÕ sustha well, O.K. then Êc® besh; F»b uttam well of water zay±‚½Á paatakuyaa well acquainted \fzsms¶y suparicita well behaved v‘i Aa¶mt-nf»M bhadra aacaran-yukta well-being bå¬ mangal; ±‚®¬ kushal; \bhsÄ samrriddhi well-fed §øzfø hrristapusta well known \fzsms¶y suparicita; \fsc²ºay subikhyaat well mannered \vº sabhya; v‘i bhadra well-meaning \Ûjéôîzgtí saduddeshyapuurna well-wisher ëva±aÈ²d shubhaakaanºkhii Let it be well with you! bå¬ ãF±! mangal hauk!
of what? (plural) ±ajim (±aãajim?) kaader? (kaahaader?) for what, for that which Ên ¸ðî ye janya whatever nÁ s±·f Êãa± pÁ Ê±p (naãÁ s±·f ãF± pÁ Ê±p) yaa kichu hok naa kena (yaahaa kichu hauk naa kena) whatever may be naS Êãa± pÁ Ê±p (naãaS ãF± pÁ Ê±p) yaa-i hok naa kena (yaahaa-i hauk naa kena) wheat ³b (Ê³ab) gam (gom) wheat and weeds Ê³ab JcÈ ®ºaba´a\ gom ebanº shyaamaaghaas wheel ¶a±Á caakaa when, at the time that n²p yakhan; njc yabe; Ên \bj½ ye samaye when? ±²p? kakhan?; ±jc kabe?; Ê±apÎ \bj½? kon' samaye whence, from which place Ên²ap ãjy (ãSjy) yekhaan hate (haite); Ên²ap Êuj± yekhaan theke whence? Ê±auÁ Êuj±? kothaa theke?; Ê±auÁ ãjy (ãSjy)? kothaa hate (haite)?; Ê±apÎ ÅÕap ãjy (ãSjy)? kon' sthaan hate (haite)? whenever, at whatever time n²pS yakhan-i; Ên Ê±ap \bj½ ye kona samaye where, at which place nua½ yathaay; Ên²ajp yekhaane; Ên ÅÕajp ye sthaane where? Ê±aua½? kothaay?; Ê±apÎ²ajp? kon'khaane? Ê±apÎÅÕajp kon'sthaane? whereas Ên²ajp yekhaane; Ênjãy› yehetu; caÅÙsc± baastabik whereby, by which means niÃamÁ yadvaaraa whereby? by what means? s±j\? kise?; ±d
(s±) iÃamÁ? kii (ki) dvaaraa? wherever Ên Ê±ap ÅÕajp [pÁ Ê±p] ye kona sthaane [naa kena] wherein, in which najy (naãajy) yaate (yaahaate) wherein? in what? s±j\? kise? whether, is it so? s±? ki? which (singular) [see "what"] naS(naãaS) yaa-i (yaahaa-i); Ên Ê±ap ye kona which (plural) Ên Ên ye ye; Ên Ê±ap ye kona; ÊnÓs¬ yeguli which? (singular) Ê±apÎ? kon'? which? (plural) Ê±apÎ Ê±apÎ? kon' kon'? while, in meantime n²p yakhan while, period \b½ samay; ±a¬ kaal whip ¶acf± caabuk whirling ´gtía½bap ghuurnaayamaan whirlwind ´gstícaya\ ghuurnibaataas to whisper sx\Îsx\Î ±sm½Á ±uÁ c¬Á phis'phis' kariyaa kathaa balaa whistle s®\ shis written in black and white ±a³j¸ ±¬jb Ê¬²Á kaagaje kalame lekhaa white \aiÁ saadaa; ®aiÁ shaadaa [incorrect spelling]; Ê®Ãyctí shvetabarna whither, in which direction Ên sij± ye dike; Ên ÅÕajp ye sthaane whither? Ê±apÎ sij±? kon' dike? Ê±apÎ ÅÕajp? kon' sthaane? who (singular), the one that Ên ye; nÁ (naãÁ) yaa (yaahaa) who (plural), the ones that namÁ (naãamÁ) yaaraa (yaahaaraa) whoever, no matter who Ê±ã keha; Ê±F
keu; Ên Ê±ã Êãa± (ãF±) pÁ Ê±p ye keha hok (hauk) naa kena who? (singular) Ê±? ke? who? (singular) [a theoretical form used as a base for declension into forms for other cases - e.g. of whom, whose ±am ?(±aãam?) kaahaar (kaar)] ±Á? (±aãÁ?) kaa? (kaahaa?) [instead of Ê± ke] who? (plural) ±amÁ? (±aãamÁ?) kaaraa? (kaahaaraa?) whole \BÚgtí sampuurna; \b‘³ samagra; \bfi½ samuday; A²ðe akhanda; \amÁ saaraa; zfjmÁ (zfm) puro (pura); sps²¬ nikhil as a whole, overall Êbaqabfsq motaamuti whole-hearted K±asPÙ± eekaantik whole-heartedly \cíaPÙ±mjt (\CÃíaPÙ@±mjt) sarvaatakarane (sarvvaantahhakarane) whole-souled \BÚgtí-§i½ wholly \b‘³vajc samagrabhaabe; Êbaqabfsq motaamuti whom (singular), to the one who naj± (naãaj±) yaake (yaahaake) whom (plural), to the ones who najimj± (naãajimj±) yaader-ke (yaahaader-ke) whom? (singular) ±aj±? (±aãaj±?) kaake? (kaahaake?) whom? (plural) ±ajimj±? (±aãajimj±?) kaader-ke? (kaahaader-ke?) whose (singular), the one whose nam (naãam) yaar (yaahaar) whose (plural), the ones whose najim (naãajim) yaader (yaahaader)
withered ëÑþ shuska; Bìap mlaan to withhold \Èny ±mÁ sanºyata karaa within svyjm bhitare; bjoº madhye; AvºPÙjm abhyantare; APÙjm antare without, lacking [see Grammar 32.1] cºydy bbyatiita; ·aEÁ chaaraa; scpÁ binaa; -scãdp -bihiin "without charge" scpÁ bgj¬º" "binaa muulye" without, excepting, excluding cºsyjmj± byatireke without success chua½ brrithaay the body without spirit is dead AaYÂascãdp Êiã bhy aatmaabihiin deha mrrita faith without works is dead ±BÂíscãdp sc®Ãa\ bhy karmmabihiin bishvaas mrrita to withstand caoÁ ÊiL½Á baadhaa deoyaa witness, person \asñ saaksi (\añd saaksii ["shaak'kii"]) witness, proof ‘zbat pramaan to bear witness \añº ÊiL½Á saaksya deoyaa; ‘zbat ±mÁ pramaan karaa witty in words ±ua½ ms\± kathaay rasik woe Û² (Û@²) dukha (duhh-kha); bipad'-aapad'; \PÙaz santaap "Woe!" "so±…!" "dhik'!" "woe for the earth and sea!" "zhsucd L \bfj‘im \PÙaz ãjc (ãSjc)!" "prrithibii o samudrer santaap habe (haibe)!" wolf Ê±ðÛ½Á kenduyaa; Êp±jE ca´ nekare baagh inside they are ravenous APÙjm yamÁ (yaãamÁ) ‘³a\±amd Ê±ðÛ½Á antare
wounded Aaãy aahata; ñsy‘³ÅÙ ksatigrasta; ñy ksata to wrap ¸EajpÁ (¸Eap+) jaraano (jaraana) to wrestle blìnfÄ ±mÁ mallayuddha karaa; ±‚sÅÙ ±mÁ kusti karaa wrist ±cs¸ kabaji; bstcÄ manibaddha [not commonly used] to write Ê¬²Á lekhaa; s¬²Á likhaa writer Ê¬²± lekhak; ‘³PÕ±am granthakaar; m¶s½yÁ racayitaa writing, script Ê¬²p lekhan; m¶pÁ racanaa in writing s¬s²y likhita wrong v›¬ bhul; Apºa½ anyaay; Êia¿ dos; Apfs¶y anucit wrong-doing, error Azmao aparaadh wrong-doing, sin zaz paap X Xmas, Christmas "cjEasip" ("cEsip") "barodin" ("baradin") X-ray mªp msôb ranjan-rashmi Y yacht ãa¬±Á za¬jya¬Á Êpà±Á haalakaa paalatolaa nookaa yachting caS¶j²¬Á baaicakhelaa "Yahweh" "S½aLj½" "iyaaoye" yard, enclosure Fwap uthaan yard, length J±³¸ ek-gaj yarn, story ³lÚ galpa yarn, thread za±ap \fyÁ paakaan sutaa to yawn ãaS Êya¬Á haai tolaa year in dates \a¬ saal year 1914 Gsp® ® Ê¶àé \a¬ uunish sha coodda saal year, period cù\m bat'sar; c·m bachar
yearbook c¿ízfªd barsapunjii yearly cas¿í± baarsik to yearn Fù\f± ãL½Á ut'suk haoyaa; Só·Á ±mÁ icchaa karaa; ±abpÁ ±mÁ kaamanaa karaa yearning Só·Á icchaa; ±abpÁ kaamanaa; Aa±aç²Á aakaankhaa; ca¦Á baanchaa years, age c½\ bayas of ... years of age ... cù\m c½j\ ... bat'sar bayase years, agedness caoí±º baardhakya yellow ã¬ji mÈ halade ranº; zdyctí piitabarna; ã¬fi halud; zaÝfctí paandubarna yes ãÏºÁ h^yaa; ãÏÁ h^aa Yesh'ua Sj½Åg½Á iyesuuyaa yesterday ³y ±a¬ gata kaal; ³y±a¬º gatakaalya the day before yesterday ³y zmë gata parashu yet, even more AamL aar-o yet, even now J²pL ekhan-o yet, even so, even then yuasz tathaapi; y²pL takhan-o; naS Êãa± (naãaS ãF±) yaa-i hok (yaahaa-i hauk); Au¶ athaca; Aso±Pß adhikantu to yield, accept, accede \Ãd±am ±mÁ sviikaar karaa to yield, give up yºa³ ±mÁ tyaag karaa to yield, produce Fùzaip ±mÁ ut'paadan karaa yoke Ê¸a½a¬ joyaal yonder L²ajp okhaane you, singular diminutive y›S tui you, singular common y›sb tumi
you, singular honorific Aazsp aapani you, plural diminutive ÊyamÁ toraa YOU, plural common ÊyabmÁ tomaraa YOU, plural honorific AazpamÁ aapanaaraa to you, singular diminutive Êyaj± toke to you, singular common Êyabaj± tomaake to you, singular honorific Aazpaj± aapanaake to you, plural diminutive Êyajimj± to YOU, plural common Êyabajim-Ê± tomaader-ke to YOU, plural honorific Aazpajim-Ê± aapanaader-ke young nfc± yubak; ymÆt tarun; AlÚc½Åþ alpabayaska; ±b c½\d kam bayasii young lion nfcs\Èã yubasinºha younger c½j\ Ê·aq bayase chota; ±spWym kanisthatar youngest c½j\ \c Ê¶j½ Ê·aq bayase sab ceye chota; ±spWyb kanisthatam youngster ca¬± baalak; Ê·a±mÁ chokaraa your, singular diminutive Êyam tor your, singular common Êyabam tomaar your, singular honorific Aazpam aapanaar your, plural diminutive Êyajim toder YOUR, plural common Êyabajim tomaader YOUR, plural honorific Aazpajim aapanaader yourself, oneself \Ã½È svayanº; Aazsp aapani youth, period nfc±a¬ yubakaal
#14 See Note #8. Also the group sense is emphasized by inserting bjoº madhye — Aabajim bjoº sij½ aamaader madhye diye. #15 When the sense involves respectful departure from a person's presence, it is preferable to insert ±a· kaach Aabajim Êyajim Êyabajim yajim yajim Aazpajim yÏajim ±a· Êuj± ±a· Êuj± ±a· Êuj± ±a· Êuj± ±a· Êuj± ±a· Êuj± ±a·Êuj± aamaader toder tomaader taader taader aapanaader t^aader kaach theke kaach theke kaach theke kaach theke kaach theke kaach theke kaach theke #16 Alternative (older) forms are Aabasi³jy aamaadigate, Êyasi³jy todigate, Êyabasi³jy tomaadigate, yaãasi³jy taahaadigate, Aazpasi³jy aapanaadigate, yÏaãasi³jy t^aahaadigate. General Note About Nouns The above declensions generally apply to nouns also, except that:- i) Personal nouns are made plural in the Nom. Case by adding -JmÁ -eraa, -mÁ -raa, or -³t -gan. ii) Impersonal nouns in the plural in all cases take the ending -guli (or -Ój¬Á -gulo, or -³t -gan). Impersonal nouns take postposition words as listed under "it" and "they" above.