CHAPTER-1 FUNDAMENTAL OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Human Geography - Nature & Scope 01 . Ans Who proposed the concept of Griffith Taylor (1) 02 Ans Which subject is called the mother of all branches of knowledge? Geography (1) 03 Ans Which sub field of Geography is calledDemography? Population geography (1) 04. Name two major components of Environment (Earth). (1 Ans Physical environment and life forms including Human beings 05. What was the approach of Human Geography in colonial period? (1) Ans Exploration and description along with regional approach
CHAPTER 3 POPULATION COMPOSITION 01. Which country has the highest sex ratio in the world? Latvia (1187 females per 1000 males.) 02 Ans Which country has the lowest sex ratio in the world? UAE (468 females per thousand males) 03 Ans What is the average sex ratio in the world? 990 females per 1000 males. 04. Ans How many countries have the unfavourable sex ratio in the world? 72 countries 05. Which country has declining population pyramid? Japan 06. Ans Which country has constant population pyramid? Australia (1) 07. Ans What is occupational age group ofthe population? 15 to 59 years (1) 08. Ans Which is the largest linguistic group in the world? Mandarinor Chinese (1) 09. Ans Which areas are not attractivefor human dwellingin the world? Mountain, arid &forest(including harsh climatic areas. (1) 010. What is the average density of populationin the world accordingto 2001 census? (1) Ans World population Density =World's pop (6.8 billion) + Earth's Land area (150 million km2) = 45.3 per km2•
The Japan pyramid has a narrow base and a tapered towards the top showing low birth and death rates. The population growth is usually zero or negative 014. How the process of urbanization brings differentiation and imbalance in population size between urban and rural population size in various parts of the world. (5) Ans • In Western countries males out number females in rural areas and females out number the males in urban areas. • The excess of females in urban areas of USA, Canada and Europe is the result of influx of females from rural areas to avail of the vast job opportunities • Farming in these developed countries is highly mechanized and remains largely a male occupation • In African and Asian countries urban areas remains male dominated due to predomi• nance of male migration • In countries Iike India, female parti ci pati on in farming activity in rural area is fairly high Shortage of housing, high cost of living, paucity of job opportunities and lack of security in cities discourage women to migrate from rural to urban areas. 015 List the factors influencing the literacy ratio Ans (1) Level of economic development (2) Urbanisation (3) status ofwoman in society. (4) Availability of education facilities (5) Govt. policies CHAPTER -4 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
05. Define participation rate. (1) Ans % of workers in total population. 06. Name the states having highestand lowest populationdensity. (1) Ans Highest density-West Bengal lowest density---Arunachal pradesh. 07. Which state has the largest populationof Buddhists? (1) Ans Maharashtra. 08. Which is the largest minority group of India? (1) Ans Muslims. 09. Mon-Khmer,Munda branch/groupbelongto which language family? Ans Austric. 010. What is densityof population? Mention Four states of India which have highest density of population. (3) . . Population density of population = Area (i) West Bengal (ii) Bihar (iii) Uttar Pradesh & . (iv) Kerala are the four statesof India which have highestdensity of population (1)
013. Vl/hich factors have caused spatial variationsin the levels of Human Developmentamong the major states in India? 5 Ans The followingfactors have caused spatial variations : (1) Social factors - 1. Literacy Rate 2. Human Rights Violation 3. Social discrimination. (2) Cultural factors - 1. Religion 2. Gender 3. Race. (3) Political factors - 1. Crime & Terrorism 2. War and disturbances 3. Form of Govt. (Democracy or dictatorship) 4. Level of Empowerment. (4) Economic factors - 1. Resourcebased 2. Productivity 3. Welfare (Per Capita availabillty) (5) Historical factors - 1. Colonisation 2. Imperialism 3. Neo - Imperialism. 014. What are the aspects of euro- centric view of development in the present context? Ans - Compulerisation Industrialisation Efficient transport & communication Network. Advanced education system Advanced and modern medical facilities.
(iii) Industrial sector. 012. Why is irrigation necessary in India ? (3) Ans Because ofthefollowing reasons - (i) Seasonal rainfall (ii) Uncertainity of rainfall (iii) Uneven distributionof rainfall (iv) Grovving more and morefood crops (v) Dry climatein some region (vi) Cash crops. 013. What are the main features of "National Water policy of India 2002"? Explain (3) Ans : (i) Make available drinking water to every one. (ii) To check the exploitation of groundwater. (iii) start programme to check and improve the quality of water. (iv) To create awareness among people aboutwater in the form of"Rarely available resource" (v) Scientific use of water (vi) Increasing conservation awareness by educational institutions and other enter• 014. What factors are responsiblefor maximumwater development in Punjab Haryana and Tamil Nadu? (3) Ans : (i) Perennial rivers (ii) Capacity of easy seepage of water in the soil (iii) More capacity of ground water resources. 015. What is rain water harvesting? Explainthe objectives of rain water harvesting. (3) Ans Rain water harvestingis a technique of collecting rain water and also increasing water level in the ground. Objectives-
017. Discuss the availability of water resource in the country and factor that determine its spatial distribution. (5) Ans The spatial distributionare : (1) Surface water resource - The mean annual flow in all the river basins in India is estimated to be 1869 cubic k.m. There are four major sources of surface water. These are rivers, lakes, ponds and tanks. Only about 690 cubic km (32%) oft he available surfacewater can be utilised. (2) Ground Water Resource- The total ground water resources in the country are about 432 cubic km. The Gangaand the Brahamaputra basins have about46% of the total groundwater resources. (3) Lagoons & Backwaters- There are severalLagoon lakes at the coastline of India. Such Lakes are largely found in Kerala, Orissa & West Bengal. The water is generally brackish. Factors: (1) Uneven distribution of rainfall (2) Difference in relief (3) Difference in soil types (4) Difference in natural vegetation (5) Drainage system (6) Seacoast (1) Decreasingwater-table (2) Wastage of water (3) Water Pollution Explain (4) Improperwater Management (5) Deforestation (6) PopulationExplosion. 019. What is watershed Management? Do you think It can play an important role in sustain- able development? (5)
10% more effectivethan nuclear plants. (c) It is generally used more in appliances like heaters, crop dryers, cookers etc. (iv) The western part of India has greater potential for the development of Solar energy in Gujaratand Rajasthan. 020. study the following map of India and answer the questions (1)