340 340 Lucky Last –25.79399184 148.7731738 350.06 Complex of two mounds and one vent/soak (Springsure database) 686 340ii Lucky Last –25.79477826 148.7734076 346.86 687 340 iib –25.794811 148.7737796 351.97 687.1 340ii vent1 –25.79462441 148.773846 348.58 Small vent and mound 687.2 340ii vent2 –25.794561 148.7737828 348.40 Small vent and mound 687.3 340ii vent3 –25.79420224 148.7736134 348.96 Small vent and mound 687.4 340iivent4 –25.79411808 148.7735415 349.22 Small vent and mound 687.5 340ii vent 5 –25.79367953 148.7732965 350.65 Small vent and mound 687.6 340ii vent6 –25.79359458 148.7733188 350.31 Small vent and mound 688 340iii –25.79511407 148.7737482 348.91 689 340iv –25.79398988 148.7728387 348.47 Small round springs adjacent to small rocky sandstone outcrop Abyss 286.1 286E Abyss –25.798070 148.770291 347.824 286 286 B & D Abyss –25.798026 148.769009 349.80 286.2 286C Abyss –25.797800 148.768897 347.94 682 285A Cabin Spring –25.808004 148.734199 355.60 716 285B Cabin Spring –25.807594 148.733999 358.21 Spring Rock Creek 285 285 Duffers Creek –25.762584 148.769789 356.81 DEM = digital elevation model, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, QWC = Queensland Water Commission. © Copyright, QWC 2012a Table 3 Lucky Last, Spring Rock Creek and Abyss spring complex—stratigraphic bores within a 10kilometre radius.
Silica (SiO2) – – – – Strontium (Sr) – – 14 – Nitrate (NO3) – – – – Phosphate (PO4) – – – – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, TDS = total dissolved solids. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 7 Lucky Last, Spring Rock Creek and Abyss spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry continued. Variable Details Vent ID 30988 43129 58427 58441 Sample date 10/05/2011 10/05/2011 19/07/1993 13/08/1993 Distance from spring (kilometres) 1.6 2.9 10.2 8.9 Screens (metres) Opening Opening 36.6–61 209–310.8 Opening Aquifer Hutton Sandstone Evergreen Formation/ Precipice Sandstone Hutton Sandstone Boxvale Sandstone Year drilled 1969 1973 1990 1991 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) –57.9 (1972) –8.5 (1973) –34.1 (1990) –102.1 (1991) Total depth (metres) 210.4 61 310.9 161.5 Surface elevation (mAHD) 409.099 371.732 380 404 Facility status Existing subartesian Existing subartesian Existing subartesian Existing subartesian Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 996 235.5 861 186 pH (field/lab) 8.36/8.65 6.34/7.12 8.5 7.4 Temp (°C) 24.6 26.2 – – Chemical parameters (milligrams/litre) Dissolved oxygen 4.48 0.18 – – TDS 617 148 500.93 97.28 Sodium (Na) 217 18 196.8 22.5
62.5 80.8 – Hutton Sandstone 15706 0.0 1.5 Topsoil 1.5 12.2 Sandstone Birkhead Formation 12.2 30.5 Sandy shale 30.5 57.9 Shale 57.9 65.5 Sandstone (water) Hutton Sandstone (EHA) 65.5 72.0 Shale 72.0 91.0 Sandstone and shale 91.0 183.0 Hard sandstone Water at 91 metres and 172 metres 15979 0.0 83.8 – Birkhead Formation 16385 0.0 113.4 – Birkhead Formation 113.4 243.8 – Hutton Sandstone 16758 0.0 – Birkhead Formation 170.7 – Hutton Sandstone 31097 0.0 – – Birkhead Formation – 103.6 – Hutton Sandstone 32230 0.0 79.2 – Birkhead Formation 79.2 170.7 – Hutton Sandstone 36982 0.0 62.2 – Hutton Sandstone 38334 0.0 61.0 – Hutton Sandstone 58161 0.0 7.6 Topsoil and clay Hutton Sandstone 7.6 12.2 Clay 12.2 29.6 Shale 29.6 38.1 Sandstone 38.1 62.5 Shale 62.5 64.0 Sandstone (water) 64.0 65.5 Rock 65.5 80.8 Hard shale 80.8 89.9 Sandstone (water) 89.9 103.6 Shale 103.6 105.2 Sandstone 105.2 109.7 Shale 109.7 118.9 Sandstone (water) 118.9 125.0 Shale 125.0 134.1 Sandstone (water)
58296 0 – – Birkhead Formation – 304.8 Hutton Sandstone – = not available, mBGL = metres below ground level. Note: No stratigraphic data are available for bores 30259 and 58482. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 15 Scott’s Creek spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Vent ID 14203 14881 16758 30259 58161 58296 58482 Sample date 07/02 /1996 07/02 /1996 18/01 /1993 12/07 /2011 20/09 /1990 20/09 /1995 26/07 /1993 Distance from spring (kilometres) 5.1 5.1 9.1 10.1 7.1 7.9 9.6 Aquifer Hutton Hutton Birkhead Hutton Birkhead Hutton Birkhead Hutton Hutton Year drilled 1960 1961 1966 1968 1984 1987 1991 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) 0.71 4.19 3.98 19.14 –9.14 (1984) 6.98 –27.4 (1991) Total depth (metres) 124.9 158.5 112.2 165.5 134.1 304.8 125 Surface elevation (mAHD) 243 240 250 300 257 241 300
– 65.53 Shale – 131.07 Sandstone Water supply – 134.11 Shale – 152.40 Sandstone Water supply 17196 0.00 1.52 Soil – 18.28 Clay – 62.17 Sandstone – 67.05 Rock – 121.92 Sandstone Water supply 73 metres and 90.5–121.0 metres 17197 0.00 9.14 Soil Precipice Sandstone 9.14 38.40 Sandstone 38.40 41.45 Sand, Water supply 41.45 60.05 Sandstone 60.05 61.57 Sand Water supply 61.57 70.10 Sandstone Water supply 66.45–70.10 metres 70.10 80.77 Mudstone With layer of sandstone 80.77 85.40 Sandstone Water supply 34738 0.00 21.33 Sandstone 21.33 48.79 Shale 48.79 76.20 Sandstone 76.20 79.24 Mudstone 79.24 100.58 Sandstone Coarse, water supply Precipice Sandstone 37829 0.00 0.91 soil 0.91 1.22 rock 1.22 6.10 Clay 6.10 6.71 Sandstone 6.71 7.32 Rock 7.32 12.19 Clay 12.19 124.97 Shale 124.97 134.11 Sandstone 134.11 Shale
Source QWC (2012a) QWC (2012a) QWC (2012a) QWC (2012a) DNRM (2012) Screens (metres) Opening and 51.2–85.4 Opening Opening Opening 8–21 Opening Aquifer Precipice Sandstone Precipice Sandstone Precipice Sandstone Precipice Sandstone Hutton Sandstone Year drilled 1966 1951 1984 1984 1984 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) 11.65 –2.7 16.45 2.35 –21 Total depth (metres) 85.4 201.2 16.5 21 43 Surface elevation (mAHD) 220.91 – 216 219.9 – Facility status Existing artesian Existing subartesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing subartesian Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 315 293 299 298 4138 pH (field/lab) 7.37/7.84 7.16/7.76 7.45/7.78 7.16/7.76 7.4 Temperature (°C) 23.4 25.5 22.9 20 – Chemical parameters (milligrams/litre) Dissolved oxygen 2.73 2.31 1.04 1.9 – TDS 140 128 130 191 2323.3 TSS <5 <5 <5 <5 – Sodium (Na) 69 64 64 63 631.3 Potassium (K) 2 2 2 2 9.2 Calcium (Ca) 3 2 3 2 147.2 Magnesium (Mg) <1 <1 <1 <1 64.5 Chlorine (Cl) 8 8 8 8 1043.3 Sulfate (SO4) – – – – – Sodium (Na) <1 <1 1 <1 167.6 Total alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 154 139 143 140 406 Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 154 139 143 140 493.4
Sulfide (S) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – Tin (Sn) 0.006 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0 Dissolved organic carbon 14 14 17 13 – Nitrate as N 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 – Nitrate as NO3 – – – – 2 Nitrite as N <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 – Total oxidised nitrogen 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 – Phosphorus (P) 0.11 0.1 0.15 0.13 – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. Table 26 Cockatoo Creek spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry continued. Variable Details Bore ID 34738 15417 47328 47329 17196 Sample date 02/01/1991 17/17/1976 7/04/1976 7/04/1976 08/10/1975 Distance from spring (kilometres) 9.2 9.4 8.3 9.9 2.7 Screens (metres) Opening Perforations 183.5–189.6 Opening 65.4–81.1 Open-ended pipe 137.2 Opening 105.5–121.9 Aquifer Precipice Sandstone Evergreen Formation Precipice Sandstone Precipice Formation Precipice Sandstone Year drilled 1970 1962 1976 1963 1966 108.2
Variable Details Bore ID 13882 37829 13881 26081 Sample date 24/04/1974 09/08/1972 31/10/1975 07/04/1976 Distance from spring (kilometres) 7.8 10.6 6 5.7 Screens (metres) Open-ended pipe 372 Open-ended pipe 209 – – Aquifer Precipice Sandstone Precipice Sandstone Precipice Sandstone – Year drilled 1959 1972 1958 1963 Standing water level – – – – Total depth (metres) 372.1 209.2 201.6 – Surface elevation (mAHD) – – – – Facility status Existing subartesian Existing subartesian Existing Existing Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 270 770 277 405 pH 7.8 7.5 7.6 7.2 Temp (°C) – – – – Chemical parameters (milligrams/litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – TDS 155.2 567.5 – – TSS – – – – Sodium (Na) 62 228 56 69 Potassium (K) 2.2 – 19 3 Calcium (Ca) 2 8 5.5 16 Magnesium (Mg) 0.4 2 0.5 5 Chlorine (Cl) 17.5 100 14 34 Sulfate (SO4) 0 0 0 – Total alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 110 380 130 160
Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 133 464 158 195 Carbonate (CO32–) 0.5 – 0.4 0.1 Total hardness 7 16 Fluoride (F) 5 1.35 0.29 0.4 Bromine (Br) – – – – Aluminium (Al) – – – – Barium (Ba) – – – – Boron (B) – – – – Copper (Cu) – – – – Iron (Fe) 0.2 – – – Lead (Pb) – – – – Silica (SiO2) – – – 14 Nitrate as NO3 0 – – – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. Note: No water chemistry data are available for bore 15579. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 28 Cockatoo Creek spring complex—spring water chemistry. Variable Details Vent ID 64 65 319 320.1 321.2 Sample date 17/06/2011 17/06/2011 18/06/2011 16/06/2011 16/06/2011 Physicochemical parameters
Chlorine (Cl) 31 6 30.6 50.9 Sulfate (SO4) <1 <1 1.8 0 0 Total alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 26 63 25 25 29 Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 31 63 30.9 30.1 35.6 Carbonate (CO32–) 0 <1 0 0 0 Total hardness 15 – 14 21 26 Iodine (I) – <0.01 – – – Fluoride (F) <0.1 0.2 0 0 0 Bromine (Br) – 0.023 – – – Aluminium (Al) <0.05 <0.01 0 0 0 Arsenic (As) – <0.001 – – – Barium (Ba) – 0.018 – – – Boron (B) 0.02 <0.05 0 0 0 Cadmium (Cd) – <0.0001 – – – Chromium (Cr) – <0.001 – – – Cobalt (Co) – <0.001 – – – Copper (Cu) 0.03 <0.001 0.01 0.01 0.01 Iron (Fe) <0.01 2.78 0.03 0 0 Lead (Pb) – <0.001 – – – Manganese (Mn) 0.21 0.061 0.07 0.21 0.08 Mercury (Hg) – <0.0001 – – – Molybdenum (Mo) – <0.001 – – – Nickel (Ni) – <0.001 – – – Selenium (Se) – <0.01 – – – Silica (SiO2) – 14 – – 11 Silver (Ag) – <0.001 – – – Strontium (Sr) – 0.026 – – – Sulfide (S) – <0.1 – – – Tin (Sn) – <0.001 – – – Zinc (Zn) 0.05 <0.005 0.11 0 0.07 Dissolved organic carbon – 6 – – – Nitrate as N – <0.01 – – – Nitrate as NO3 <0.5 – 0 0 0
Nitrite as N – <0.01 – – – Total oxidised N – <0.01 – – – Phosphate (PO4) – 0.17 – – – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. Table 37 Boggomoss spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry continued. Variable Details Vent ID 67280 14963 89561 57843 57844 Sample date 16/08/1996 16/08/1996 03/08/1994 30/05/1991 30/05/1991 Distance from spring (kilometres) 9.5 3.1 4.3 9.1 6.4 Screens (metres) Open end 32–70 Open end 118.5–133.2 Perforations 86–111 Open end 136–182 Opening Aquifer Precipice Sandstone Evergreen Formation/ Precipice Sandstone Precipice Sandstone Evergreen Formation/ Precipice Sandstone Precipice Sandstone Year drilled 1986 1962 1993 1980 1980 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) 12.46 34.53 –26.2 47.5 44.13 Total depth (metres) 174.87 133.2 111 182 155.4 Surface elevation (mAHD) 70 193.06 211.40 181.8 183.33 Facility status Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing subartesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 157 103 188 255 360 pH (field/lab) 6.9 6.1 6.5 8 7.4 Temp (°C) 24 26 26 29 27 Chemical parameters (milligrams/litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – – TDS 105.36 70.33 109.89 146.13 203.45 TSS – – – – – Sodium (Na) 38.2 19 29.4 47.5 54 Potassium (K) 1.9 2.3 2.5 3.6 6.5 Calcium (Ca) 1.4 2.5 5.8 3.5 11.5
– = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, L/s = litres per second, mg/L = milligrams per litre, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, ORP = oxidation–reduction potential, ppm = parts per million. © Copyright, QWC 2012a Table 41 Boggomoss spring complex—isotope data. Site ID δ18O VSMOW (%) δD VSMOW (%) δ13C ± pMC ± D14C pMC ± 14C age ± 44 4.59 RN89695 0.1 7.178 0.06 0.60 21160 80 – = not available, pMC = per cent modern carbon, VSMOW = Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water. © Copyright, QWC 2012a Figure 18 Boggomoss spring complex—oxygen (O) and deuterium (D) stable isotope ratios. Table 42 Boggomoss spring complex—potentiometric surface data. Vent ID Estimated flow rate (L/min) Elevation (mAHD) GPS OmniSTAR differential (+0.1 metres) Potentiometric surface elevation (mAHD)a Precipice Sandstone 2 6 175.50 217 3 2 177.88 213 7 9 203.03 220 8 13 208.68 219 9 1 210.31 218 10 2 212.54 220 11 7 173.37 203 12 1 173.38 192 13 1 174.60 192 14 1 170.98 204 15 1 188.23 215 29 0 178.17 220 33 23 177.98 217 37 0 174.76 188 37.1 0 174.76 188 44 9 221.00 200 53 1 174.82 217 54 0 170.34 191 55 2 202.18 222 4.69
Table 48 Dawson River 2 spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Bore ID 16270 16872 17796 67281 89695 14963 35256 67280 89561 57843 57844 12238 Sample date 03/07 2012 03/07 2012 13/07 2011 13/07 2011 10/05 2011 16/08 1996 16/08 1996 16/08 1996 03/08 1994 30/05 1991 30/05 1991 30/05 1991 Source DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) QWC (2012a) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) Distance from spring (kilometres) 9.2 3.9 9.2 8 3.6 9.9 9.3 6.9 9.9 5.7 6.7 9.3 Screens (metres) Opening Perforated 170.7–181 Open Open Open Open Perforated 82.3–139 pipe 32–70 pipe 136–182 Open 95.5–155.4 pipe 92.4 Aquifer Precipice Precipice Hutton / Precipice Precipice Precipice Ever-green / Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Year drilled 1964 1966 1959 1986 2000 1962 1970 1986 1993 1980 1980 1953 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) 6.28 32.08 31.5 6.23 – 34.53 15.73 12.46 –26.2 47.5 44.13 40.66 Total depth (metres) 158.6 181.1 243.85 80 72 133.2 140.2 174.87 111 182 155.4 92.35 Surface elevation (mAHD) 224 207 206 194 181.38 193.06 199.56 70 211.40 181.8 183.33 184.72 Facility status Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian
Temperature (°C) 25 – 25 25 26 25 27 – – – – Chemical parameters (milligrams/litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – – – – – – – – TDS 120 150 126.44 110 92.57 186.49 104.64 134.51 118.73 102.91 171.48 TSS – – – – – – – – – – – Sodium (Na) 45.5 44.5 46 39.5 30 65 34 46 41 24 65 Potassium (K) 1.8 3.6 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 – – Calcium (Ca) 2.3 15 1.8 3.3 1 4.5 2 2 1.6 7 6 Magnesium (Mg) 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 7 1 Chlorine (Cl) 9.5 7.6 9.7 7 8.8 6.8 7.09 12 6 28 15 Sulfate (SO4) 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 – 0 2 0 Total alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 105 135 107 97 63 156 77 98 88 58 140 Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 130 165 130 120 76 185 93 119 107 71 171 Carbonate (CO32–) 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 2.4 0.4 0.3 – – – Total hardness 6 42 6 10 3 12 5 6 6 46 19 Fluoride (F) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.22 0 0.3 Iron (Fe) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.03 0 – – – 0.1
6 –25.4273580 150.0227422 197.56 22 –25.4279243 150.0274692 199.67 23 –25.4360802 150.0258032 188.14 24 –25.4380242 150.0252482 185.01 25 –25.4374691 150.0219142 184.86 27 –25.4321508 150.0253653 191.59 30 –25.4421906 150.0060815 181.33 31 –25.4410794 150.0044146 183.16 32 –25.4413582 150.0260812 182.94 43 –25.4624701 150.0569139 172.83 59 –25.441913 150.0233033 182.32 60 –25.4300979 150.0215622 190.99 681 –25.43604964 150.0229777 185.63 GPS = global positioning system, mAHD = metres Australian height datum. Table 56 Dawson River 6 spring complex—stratigraphic bores and coal seam gas wells within a 25kilometre radius. Well ID Top (mBGL) Bottom (mBGL) Thickness (m) Rock unit name 1136 0.0 61.0 61.0 Hutton Sandstone (Taroom 16) 61.0 248.0 187.0 Evergreen Formation 248.0 301.0 53.0 Precipice Sandstone 301.0 1037.0 736.0 Moolayember Formation 1037.0 1184.0 147.0 Clematis Group 1184.0 1230.9 >46.9 Rewan Group 2748 (Mundubbera 29) 0.0 44.2 44.2 Evergreen Formation 567 0.0 98.2 98.2 Evergreen Formation (petroleum exploration) 98.2 198.8 100.6 Precipice Sandstone 198.8 1006.6 808.0 Rewan Group 1006.6 1543.6 537.0 Blackwater Group 1006.6 1543.6 537.0 Baralaba Coal Measures 1543.6 3627.6 2084.0 Back Creek Group 1543.6 2390.3 846.7 Gyranda Subgroup
Table 58 Dawson River 6 spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Bore ID 37201 89695 14871 13438 35256 67280 14963 89561 57843 57844 67300 15535 11073 14998 Sample date 29/05 2012 10/05 2011 15/08 1996 16/08 1996 16/08 1996 16/08 1996 16/08 1996 03/08 1994 30/05 1991 30/05 1991 30/03 1989 13/03 1989 02/04 1970 06/04 1962 Source DNRM (2012) QWC (2012a) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) DNRM (2012) Distance from spring (km) 7.2 6.9 8.4 3.6 0.4 9.5 3.1 4.3 9.1 6.4 10.1 4.4 5.7 3.1 Screens (metres) Opening Opening 42–72 Opening Open end casing 82.3–139 Open end Open end Open end Opening 59–155.4 Opening and – Opening 28.4–122 Aquifer Precipice Precipice Precipice Boxvale Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Precipice Year drilled 1971 2000 1961 1957 1970 1986 1962 1993 1980 1980 1986 1963 1948 1962 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) 22.98 – 15.2 – 15.73 12.46 34.53 –26.2 47.5 44.13 19.21 11.24 1.5 –26.3 Total depth (metres) 174.96 72 238.7 91.5 140.2 174.87 133.2 111 182 155.4 45.5 61.0 73.2 122.0 70 41.1 green
Surface elevation (mAHD) 210.08 181.38 220.70 189.22 199.56 193.06 211.40 181.8 183.33 173.1 204.05 174.00 212.35 Facility status Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing artesian Existing Existing artesian Existing artesian artesian Existing artesian artesian Existing Physiochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 170 139.6 157 177 220 157 103 188 255 360 200 305 210 – pH (field/lab) 6.3 6.51/7.34 6 6.1 5.9 6.9 6.1 6.5 8 7.4 7.3 6.8 7 7.4 (°C) 28 25.2 29 – 25 24 26 26 29 27 25 24 – – Chemical parameters (milligrams/litre) Dissolved oxygen – 0.5 – * – – – – – – – – – – TDS 91.81 102 93.28 101.27 123.26 105.36 70.33 109.89 146.13 203.45 110 154.97 102.91 256.6 TSS – <5 – – – – – – – – – – – – Sodium (Na) 24 28 25.9 25.3 31.9 38.2 19 29.4 47.5 54 39.5 31.5 24 62.9 Potassium (K) 2.7 3 3 4.1 3.3 1.9 2.3 2.5 3.6 6.5 2.5 5.6 – – Calcium (Ca) 3.8 2 3.6 5.9 7 1.4 2.5 5.8 3.5 11.5 3.3 20 7 14.3
ORP 197 219 Methane (CH4) (ppm) air – 100–230 O2 (%) air – – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, L/s = litres per second, mg/L = milligrams per litre, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, ORP = oxidation–reduction potential, ppm = parts per million. © Copyright, QWC 2012a Table 61 Dawson River 6 spring complex—isotope data. Site ID δ18O VSMOW (%) δD VSMOW (%) δ13C ± pMC ± D14C pMC ± 14C age ± 44 4.59 – – – – – – – RN89695 – 0.1 7.178 0.06 0.60 21160 80 – = not available, pMC = per cent modern carbon, VSMOW = Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water. © Copyright, QWC 2012a Figure 28 Dawson River 6 spring complex—oxygen (O) and deuterium (D) stable isotope ratios. Table 62 Dawson River 6 spring complex—potentiometric surface data. Vent ID Estimated flow rate (L/min) Elevation (mAHD) GPS OmniSTAR differential (+0.1 metres) Potentiometric surface elevation (mAHD)a Precipice Sandstone 1 12 186.36 227 4 975 179.42 220 5 70 187.85 221 6 21 197.56 221 22 6 199.67 222 23 13 188.14 221 24 133 185.01 221 25 5 184.86 223 27 3 191.59 221 30 2 181.33 196 31 123 183.16 221 32 35 182.94 222 43 0 172.83 222
Aluminium (Al) – – – - Arsenic (As) – – – - Barium (Ba) – – – - Beryllium (Be) – – – - Boron (B) – – – - Cadmium (Cd) – – – - Chromium (Cr) – – – - Cobalt (Co) – – – - Copper (Cu) – – – - Iron (Fe) – – 6.2 0 Lithium (Li) – – – - Lead (Pb) – – – - Manganese (Mn) – – – - Mercury (Hg) – – – - Nickel (Ni) – – – - Selenium (Se) – – – - Silica (SiO2) – – – - Silver (Ag) – – – - Tin (Sn) – – – - Zinc (Zn) – – – - Nitrate as NO3 0 – – - Phosphate (PO4) – – – - – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. Note: No chemistry data are available for bore 10420. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 70 Dawson River 8 spring complex—spring water chemistry. Variable Details Vent ID 38 Sample date 18/06/2011 Physiochemical parameters EC (field) (µS/cm) 1397 pH (field/lab) 7.64/8.04
Table 74 Yowah Creek spring complex—spring locations and elevations. Vent ID Latitude Longitude Elevation (mAHD) 223 –27.95212 144.76988 169.442 224 –27.95352 144.76962 171.457 225 –27.94872 144.77306 171.591 225.1 –27.94863 144.77335 172.089 226 –27.94241 144.77742 172.209 227 –27.94123 144.77842 172.152 227.1 –27.94082 144.77903 – 227.2 –27.94073 144.77877 – – = not available, mAHD = metres Australian height datum. Table 75 Yowah Creek spring complex—wireline logged waterbores within a 50-kilometre radius. Bore ID Distance (km) and direction from springs complex Top (mBGL) Bottom (mBGL) (m) Rock unit name 4538 25.66, 0.0 21.3 21.3 Morney Profile 21.3 30.5 9.1 Winton Formation 30.5 191.4 160.9 Wallumbilla Formation 191.4 292.6 101.2 Cadna-owie Formation 191.4 197.2 5.8 Wyandra Sandstone Member 197.2 292.6 95.4 Unnamed member 292.6 411.5 118.9 Hooray Sandstone 292.6 310.9 18.3 Murta Sandstone 310.9 369.4 58.5 Middle Member 369.4 411.5 42.1 Namur Sandstone member 411.5 438.9 27.4 Basement 4979 11.67, east 0.0 39.6 39.6 Morney Profile 39.6 57.9 18.3 Winton Formation 57.9 253.0 195.1 Wallumbilla Formation 253.0 326.1 73.1 Cadna-owie Formation 253.0 268.2 15.2 Wyandra Sandstone Member 268.2 326.1 57.9 Unnamed member 326.1 428.8 102.7 Hooray Sandstone 428.8 434.6 5.8 Basement 6656 11.44, 0.0 39.6 39.6 Morney Profile east
Magnesium (Mg) 0.3 <1 Chlorine (Cl) 90.9 95 Sulfate (SO4) 4.2 <1 Total alkalinity 278.75 306 Bicarbonate (HCO3–) – – Carbonate (CO32–) – – Iodine (I) – 0.8 Fluoride (F) – – Bromine (Br) 0.1 – Aluminium (Al) – 0.04 Arsenic (As) – <0.001 Barium (Ba) – 0.063 Cobalt (Co) – – Iron (Fe) – 1.18 Manganese (Mn) – 0.137 Silica (SiO2) – 26 Strontium (Sr) – 0.14 Zinc (Zn) – 0.032 Dissolved organic carbon – – Nitrate as NO3 15.2 0.17 Phosphate (PO4) – – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. © Copyright, EHA 2009 Note: No water chemistry data were available for springs 224–227.2 and bore 10839. Figure 36 Yowah Creek spring complex—Piper plot of springs and waterbore chemistry. Figure 37 Yowah Creek spring complex—oxygen (O) and deuterium (D) stable isotope ratios. Table 80 Yowah Creek spring complex—isotope data.
Screens (metres) Perforated casing at 479.5 – – Year drilled 1925 1936 1974 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) 45.7 metres (1925) – 53.0 metres (1974) Total depth (metres) 479.5 260 180.4 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) 224 – 177 Facility status Existing Existing Existing Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 638 837 771 pH (field/lab) 7.8 8.1 8.2 Temperature (°C) 48.7 43.2 40 Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – TDS – – – TSS 380 498 461 Sodium (Na) 146 194 178 Potassium (K) 1.5 1.6 1.5 Calcium (Ca) 2.3 3.6 3.8 Magnesium (Mg) 0.1 0.01 0.1 Chlorine (Cl) 43 74 74 Sulfate (SO4) 1 1 1 Total alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 273 337 304 Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 323 399 363 Carbonate (CO32–) 4.8 5.4 4.2 Fluoride (F) 0.7 0.99 0.83 Bromine (Br) – – – Aluminium (Al) 0.05 0.05 0.05 Arsenic (As) – – – Barium (Ba) – – – Cobalt (Co) – – – Iron (Fe) 0.01 0.01 0.01 Manganese (Mn) 0.03 0.01 0.01
157.0 157.3 Wyandra Sandstone – = not available, mBGL = metres below ground level. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 95 Carpet spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Bore ID 11908 5537 5330 11245 7571 Sample date 2005 – 1969 1993 2005 Distance from spring complex (km) 1.3 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.0 Source aquifer Hooray Winton/ Wallumbilla Winton/ Wallumbilla Winton/ Wallumbilla Screens (metres) Open hole, section not encased (246) – – – – Year drilled 1972 1927 1942 1948 1927 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) 64.7 (1972) – – 33.0 (1972) – Total depth (metres) 246 61 93.9 152.4 42.7 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) 157 153 – 157 – Facility status Existing Abandoned but usable Abandoned and destroyed Existing Existing Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 788 – 745 709 690 pH (field/lab) 8.5 – – 8.5 8.3 Temp (°C) 32.3 – – 27.3 Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – – TSS 478 – 0 435.65 415 Sodium (Na) 190 – 196 172.9 162 Potassium (K) 1.1 – – 0.3 1.4 Calcium (Ca) 0.9 – 2 2.9 1.2 Magnesium (Mg) 0.1 – 0 0.3 0.5 Chlorine (Cl) 38 – 50 39 Sulfate (SO4) 1 – 0 0 1
Natural surface elevation (mAHD) – – – 154.5 153 Facility status Abandoned and destroyed Existing Abandoned and destroyed Existing Existing Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 682 – – 675 759 pH (field/lab) – – – 8.2 8.3 Temp (°C) 40 – – 36.7 32.5 Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – – TSS 423.27 – – 406 481 Na 170.2 – – 159 192 Sodium (Na) 1.6 – – 1.3 1.2 Potassium (K) 3.4 – – 1.3 2.3 Calcium (Ca) 0.2 – – 0.1 0.4 Magnesium (Mg) 37.4 – – 35 36 Chlorine (Cl) 0 – – 1 1 Sulfate (SO4) 316 – – 315 378 Calcium carbonate (CaCO3 368.8 – – 366 446 Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 8 – – 8.5 7.4 Fluoride (F) 0.68 – – 0.6 0.68 Bromine (Br) – – – – – Aluminium (Al) – – – 0.5 0.05 Arsenic (As) – – – – – Barium (Ba) – – – – – Cobalt (Co) – – – – – Iron (Fe) – – – 0.01 – Manganese (Mn) – – – 0.03 – Silica (SiO2) 19 – – 20 21 Zinc (Zn) – – – 0.1 0.01 Nitrate as NO3 1.6 – – 0.5 0.5 – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, N = natural surface elevation, R = reference point, TSS = total suspended solids. © Copyright, DNRM 2012
Table 97 Carpet spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry continued. Variable Details Bore ID 9721 11018 11889 116136 Sample date – – 2005 2004 Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 9.3 9 3.0 9.4 Source aquifer Winton Winton Wallumbilla/ Wyandra Wyandra/ Hooray Screens (metres) – – – Perforated casing section 287.7 Year drilled – 1918 1951 2004 Standing water level –2.8 (1974) (R) – – – Total depth (metres) 64.01 36.6 157.3 287.7 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) – – 154 167 Facility status Existing (ceased to flow) Abandoned and destroyed Existing Existing Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) – – 744 680 pH (field/lab) – – 8.8 8 Temp (°C) – – 32.9 43 Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – TSS – – 453 404.58 Sodium (Na) – – 176 159.7 Potassium (K) – – 1.6 1.5 Calcium (Ca) – – 2 2.1 Magnesium (Mg) – – 0.5 0.1 Chlorine (Cl) – – 38 38.3 Sulfate (SO4) – – 1 0.6 Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) – – 352 304 Bicarbonate (HCO3–) – – 408 357.8 Carbonate – – 11 6.2
5576 0.0 – Alluvium – – Tertiary – – Winton Formation – 102.1 Wallumbilla Formation 9274 0.0 – Alluvium – 10.1 Tertiary 10.1 49.7 Winton Formation 11097 0.0 – Quaternary/Tertiary – 147.8 Wallumbilla Formation 11938 0.0 – Alluvium – 15.2 Tertiary 15.2 – Winton Formation – 189.0 Wallumbilla Formation 13864 0.0 – Alluvium – 21.0 Tertiary 21.0 – Wallumbilla Formation – – Wyandra Sandstone – – Cadna-owie Formation – 179.8 Hooray Sandstone 16733 0.0 – Alluvium – 27.4 Tertiary 27.4 120.4 Wallumbilla Formation 120.4 – Wyandra Sandstone – – Cadna-owie Formation – 220.4 Hooray Sandstone 220.4 223.4 Granite 12478 0.0 – Alluvium – 18.9 Tertiary 18.9 61.3 Wallumbilla Formation 12202 0.0 – Alluvium – 21.3 Tertiary 21.3 41.8 Winton Formation 41.8 158.5 Wallumbilla Formation 158.5 166.1 Wyandra Sandstone 166.1 253.4 Cadna-owie Formation 253.4 269.1 Hooray Sandstone
37158 0.0 – Alluvium – – Tertiary – – Winton Formation – 176.8 Wallumbilla Formation 176.8 – Wyandra Sandstone – – Cadna-owie Formation – 213.4 Hooray Sandstone – = not available, mBGL = metres below ground level. Note: No stratigraphic data are available for bore 50542. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 104 Eulo Town spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Bore ID 359 2546 4546 5538 5576 Sample date 1979 – 2003 2005 – Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 2.5 3.7 6.9 9.9 4.2 Source aquifer Wyandra Sandstone/ Hooray Sandstone Winton Formation/ Wallumbilla Formation Wyandra Sandstone/ Hooray Sandstone Wallumbilla Formation Screens (metres) Perforated casing 140.8–179.8 – Open-ended pipe 243.8 – Open-ended pipe 102.1 Year drilled 1934 1927 1932 1942 1934 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) 25.6 (1934) – – 48.9 (1968) – Total depth (metres) 192 68.6? 234.7 274.3 102.1 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) – – 171 154.5 – Facility status Existing Ceased to flow? Existing Existing Abandoned and destroyed Facility type Artesian bore, controlled Artesian bore, uncontrolled Artesian bore, controlled Artesian bore, controlled Artesian bore, controlled Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 800 846 675 –
pH (field/lab) – – 8.4 8.2 – Temperature (°C) 33 – 31.9 36.7 – Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – – TSS 481.96 521.51 – – TDS – – – 406 – Sodium (Na) 186 – 207 159 – Potassium (K) 1.8 – 2.1 1.3 – Calcium (Ca) 2.5 – 2.1 1.3 – Magnesium (Mg) 1 – 0.4 0.1 – Chlorine (Cl) 45 – 36.9 35 – Sulfate (SO4) 4 – 0 1 – Alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 369 – 420 315 – Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 439 – 489.6 366 – Carbonate 5.7 – 8.5 – Fluoride (F) 0.6 – 0.46 0.6 – Bromine (Br) – – – – – Aluminium (Al) – – 0.01 0.5 – Arsenic (As) – – – – – Barium (Ba) – – – – – Cobalt (Co) – – – – – Iron (Fe) – – 0.02 0.01 – Manganese (Mn) – – – 0.03 – Silica (SiO2) 19 – 20 20 – Strontium (Sr) – – – – – Zinc (Zn) – – 0 0.1 – Nitrate as NO3 0.5 – 1 – – Phosphate (PO4) – – – 0.5 – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 105 Eulo Town spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry continued
Variable Details Bore ID 9274 11097 12202 11938 12478 Sample date 2005 – 2005 2005 – Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 8.2 6.0 4.9 7.7 6.7 Source aquifer Winton Formation Wallumbilla Formation Hooray Sandstone Hooray Sandstone Wallumbilla Formation Screens (metres) – Perforated casing 147.9 – – Open-ended pipe 61.3 Year drilled 1948 1948 1953 1952 1954 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) – –5.7 (1948) 14.2 (1974) 28.8 (1974) –24.4 (1954) Total depth (metres) 49.7 147.8 269.1 189 61.3 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) 156 – 155 152 – Facility status Abandoned but usable Abandoned and destroyed Existing Existing Abandoned and destroyed Facility type Artesian, uncontrolled Subartesian facility Artesian bore, controlled Artesian bore, controlled Subartesian facility Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 661 – 724 689 – pH (field/lab) 8.5 – 8.3 8.1 – Temperature (°C) 39 – 27.9 53.8 – Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – – TDS – – – – – TSS 397 – 454 433 – Sodium (Na) 156 – 181 172 – Potassium (K) 1.1 – 1.9 1.3 – Calcium (Ca) 0.9 – 2.7 3.2 – Magnesium (Mg) 0.6 – 1 0.3 – Chlorine (Cl) 36 – 38 33 – Sulfate (SO4) 1 – 1 1 – Alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 304 – 351 337 –
– – Winton Formation – – Wallumbilla Formation – 190.5 Wyandra Sandstone 5279 0.0 – Alluvium – 15.2 Tertiary 15.2 – Winton Formation – 79.2 Wallumbilla Formation 5330 0.0 – Alluvium – – Tertiary – 48.8 Winton Formation 48.8 – Wallumbilla Formation 5537 0.0 – Alluvium – – Tertiary – – Winton Formation – 61.0 Wallumbilla Formation 5538 0.0 – Alluvium – – Tertiary – – Winton Formation – – Wallumbilla Formation – – Wyandra Sandstone – – Cadna-owie Formation – 274.3 Hooray Sandstone 6574 0.0 – Alluvium – 12.2 Tertiary 12.2 44.2 Winton Formation 44.2 207.6 Wallumbilla Formation 7571 0.0 – Alluvium – – Tertiary – 42.7 Winton Formation 9721 0.0 – Alluvium – – Tertiary – 61.0 Winton Formation 11889 0.0 – Alluvium – 10.4 Tertiary 10.4 – Winton Formation – 157.0 Wallumbilla Formation 157.0 157.3 Wyandra Sandstone
11245 0.0 – Alluvium – 7.3 Tertiary 7.3 48.5 Winton Formation 48.5 130.1 Wallumbilla Formation 130.1 152.4 Wyandra Sandstone 11908 0.0 – Alluvium – 15.2 Tertiary 15.2 42.7 Winton Formation 42.7 121.6 Wallumbilla Formation 121.6 – Wyandra Sandstone – – Cadna-owie Formation – 234.4 Hooray Sandstone 234.4 246.0 Granite 13500 0.0 – Alluvium – 12.5 Tertiary 12.5 – Winton Formation – 177.7 Wallumbilla Formation 177.7 – Wyandra Sandstone – – Cadna-owie Formation – 273.7 Hooray Sandstone – = not available, mBGL = metres below ground level. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 113 Merimo spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Bore ID 2547 5279 5330 5537 5538 6574 Sample date 2005 – 1969 – 2005 2005 Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 6.3 4.2 7.1 7.7 8.7 7.3 Aquifer Winton/ Wallumbilla Wyandra/ Hooray Wallumbilla Wallumbilla Wallumbilla Hooray Sandstone Winton/ Hooray Screens (metres) – Open hole, section not encased 77.1–79.2 – – – – Year drilled 1964 1937 1942 1927 1942 1938
Standing water level 9.1 (1974) (N) – – – 48.8 (1968) –3.3 (1982) (R) Total depth (metres) 190.5 79.2 93.9 61 274.3 207.6 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) 148 – – 153 154.5 153 Facility status Existing Existing Abandoned and destroyed Abandoned but usable Existing Existing Facility type Artesian bore, controlled flow Artesian bore, ceased to flow Artesian bore, Artesian bore, controlled flow Artesian bore, controlled flow Artesian bore, Ceased to flow? Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 1030 – 745 – 675 759 pH (field/lab) 8.4 – – – 8.2 8.3 Temperature (°C) 31.7 – – – 36.7 32.5 Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – – TDS – – – – – – TSS 467 – 0 – 406 481 Sodium (Na) 262 – 196 – 159 192 Potassium (K) 3.8 – – – 1.3 1.2 Calcium (Ca) 2.5 – 2 – 1.3 2.3 Magnesium (Mg) 0.9 – 0 – 0.1 0.4 Chlorine (Cl) 84 – 50 – 35 36 Sulfate (SO4) 1 – 0 – 1 1 Alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 456 – 360 – 315 378 Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 537 – 439 – 366 446
Carbonate (CO32–) 9 – – – 8.5 7.4 Fluoride (F) 0.59 – 0.6 – 0.6 0.68 Bromine (Br) – – – – – – Aluminium (Al) 0.05 – – – 0.5 0.05 Arsenic (As) – – – – – – Barium (Ba) – – – – – – Cobalt (Co) – – – – – – Iron (Fe) 0.07 – – – 0.01 0.02 Manganese (Mn) 0.03 – – – 0.03 0.03 Silica (SiO2) 20 – – – 20 21 Strontium (Sr) – – – – – Zinc (Zn) 0.01 – – – 0.1 0.01 Dissolved organic carbon – – – – – Nitrate as NO3 0.5 – – – 0.5 0.5 – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, N = natural surface elevation, R = reference point, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 114 Merimo spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry continued. Variable Details Bore ID 7571 9721 11245 11889 11908 13500 Sample date 2005 – 1993 2005 2005 2005 Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 6.1 7.3 6.3 2.9 6.5 9.2 Source aquifer Winton Formation Winton Formation Winton/ Wallumbilla/ Wyandra Wallumbilla / Wyandra Hooray Sandstone Hooray Sandstone
Screens (metres) – – – – Open hole, section not encased (246) Perforated casing 273.8 Year drilled 1927 – 1948 1951 1972 1958 Standing water level (natural surface elevation) – –32.91 (1970) 33 (1972) – 64.7 (1972) 1.2 (1958) Total depth (metres) 42.7 61 152.4 157.3 246 273.7 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) – – 157 154 157 163.5 Facility status Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Facility type Artesian bore, controlled flow Artesian bore, ceased to flow Artesian bore, controlled flow Artesian bore, controlled flow Artesian bore, controlled flow Artesian bore, controlled flow Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 690 – 709 744 788 776 pH (field/lab) 8.3 – 8.5 8.8 8.5 8 Temperature (°C) 27.3 – 30.8 32.9 32.3 39.2 Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – – – TDS – – – – – – TSS 415 – 435.65 453 478 468 Sodium (Na) 162 – 172.9 176 190 184 Potassium (K) 1.4 – 0.3 1.6 1.1 1.5 Calcium (Ca) 1.2 – 2.9 2 0.9 2 Magnesium (Mg) 0.5 – 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 Chlorine (Cl) 39 – 38.3 38 38 48 Sulfate (SO4) 1 – 0 1 1 1
Total depth (metre) 91.8 64.9 24.1 209.1 Natural elevation (mAHD) 195.5 196 200 183 Facility status Existing Existing Abandoned and destroyed Existing Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 836 863 – 1006 pH (field/lab) 8.7 8.4 – 8.6 Temperature (°C) – 32 – – Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – TDS – – – – TSS 508.33 527.69 – 613 Sodium (Na) 200.7 204.5 – 239.9 Potassium (K) 2.6 3.3 – 2.3 Calcium (Ca) 4.5 6.4 – 6.9 Magnesium (Mg) 0.7 0.7 – 0.9 Chlorine (Cl) 90.5 93.1 – 120.9 Sulfate (SO4) 0 0 – 0 Alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 309 315 – 359 Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 367.7 381.4 – 423.9 Carbonate (CO32–) 4.5 1.5 – 4.3 Fluoride (F) 1.34 1.48 – 1.16 Bromine (Br) – – – Aluminium (Al) 0 – – 0.01 Arsenic (As) – – – – Barium (Ba) – – – – Cobalt (Co) – – – – Lead (Pb) 0 0 – 0 Manganese (Mn) 0 0 – 0 Silica (SiO2) 21 21 – 23 Strontium (Sr) – – –
Zinc (Zn) 0 0 – 0.04 Dissolved organic carbon – – – – Nitrate as NO3 2 8.7 – 2.9 Phosphate (PO4) – – – – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, N = natural surface elevation, R = reference point, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 130 Tunga spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Bore ID 7375 6712 11439 11596 Sample date – 1949 1997 – Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 7.5 8.3 7.0 3.6 Source aquifer Wallumbilla Formation Wyandra Sandstone/ Hooray Wallumbilla Formation/ Wyandra Sandstone Wallumbilla Formation/ Wyandra Sandstone Screens (metres) – – – – Year drilled 1938 1934 1974 1950 Standing water level (metres) –33.5 (1938) (N) –0.385 (1974) (R) –27.43 (1970) (N) –1.22(1950) (N) Total depth (metres) 153.9 364.5 236.2 224 Natural elevation (mAHD) 217.5 – 205.74 198.72 Facility status Abandoned and destroyed Existing Existing Existing Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) – – 907 – pH (field/lab) – – 8.6 – Temperature (°C) – 43 37 – Chemical parameters Dissolved oxygen – – – – TDS – – – – TSS – 474.7 556.99 –
Sodium (Na) – 193.1 218.4 – Potassium (K) – – 1.8 – Calcium (Ca) – 5.7 4.5 – Magnesium (Mg) – – 0.2 – Chlorine (Cl) – 87.2 83.6 – Sulfate (SO4) – 0 0 – Alkalinity (calcium carbonate) – 313 363 – Bicarbonate (HCO3–) – 0 433 – Carbonate (CO32–) – 187.3 4.8 – Fluoride (F) – 1.4 1.28 – Bromine (Br) – – – – Aluminium (Al) – – 0 – Arsenic (As) – – – – Barium (Ba) – – – – Cobalt (Co) – – – – Lead (Pb) – – 0.01 – Manganese (Mn) – – 0 – Silica (SiO2) – – 28 – Strontium (Sr) – – – Zinc (Zn) – – 0 – Dissolved organic carbon – – – – Nitrate as NO3 – – 2 – Phosphate (PO4) – – – – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, N = natural surface elevation, R = reference point, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 131 Tunga spring complex—spring water chemistry. Variable Details Vent ID 381 Sample date – Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 1,111
pressure (Table 140) and all maintain a potentiometric pressure above the elevation of the Wooregym springs (about 167 metres Australian height datum). Table 135 Wooregym spring complex—spring locations and elevations. Vent ID Latitude Longitude Elevation (mAHD) 382.1 –28.25367 144.74169 167.532 382.2 –28.25355 144.74206 167.581 382.3 –28.25300 144.74203 167.700 382.4 –28.25272 144.74210 167.569 382.5 –28.25244 144.74238 167.318 382.6 –28.25210 144.74244 167.477 mAHD = metres Australian height datum. Table 136 Wooregym spring complex—waterbores within a 10-kilometre radius. Bore ID Top (mBGL) Bottom (mBGL) Rock unit name 1491 0.0 – Winton Formation – 32.6 Wallumbilla Formation 5279 0.0 – Alluvium – 15.2 Tertiary 15.2 – Winton Formation – 79.2 Wallumbilla Formation 6711 0.0 – Winton Formation – 200.3 Wallumbilla Formation 200.3 209.1 Wyandra Sandstone 6710 0.0 – Winton Formation – 196.0 Wallumbilla Formation 196.0 197.5 Wyandra Sandstone 6750 – – – 7570 0.0 – Winton Formation – 41.1 Wallumbilla Formation 9094 0.0 – Alluvium – – Tertiary – – Winton Formation – – Wallumbilla Formation – – Cadna-owie Formation – 210.9 Hooray Sandstone 12823 0.0 21.3 Winton Formation
21.3 179.8 Wallumbilla Formation 179.8 199.6 Wyandra Sandstone 199.6 – Cadna-owie Formation – 259.1 Hooray Sandstone 13500 0.0 – Alluvium – 12.5 Tertiary 12.5 – Winton Formation – 177.7 Wallumbilla Formation 177.7 – Wyandra Sandstone – – Cadna-owie Formation – 273.7 Hooray Sandstone 1488 0.0 – Alluvium – – Tertiary – – Winton Formation – 45.1 Wallumbilla Formation 50689 0.0 39.6 Doncaster Member – = not available, mBGL = metres below ground level. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 137 Wooregym spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Bore ID 1488 1491 5279 6711 6710 6750 Sample date 1975 1992 – 1997 2003 2003 Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 1.8 2.8 9.0 5.1 8.5 9.4 Water encountered (metres) – – 28.6–79.2 (salty) 201.2 197.5 48.8, 269.7, 272.8 Source aquifer Doncaster Member Doncaster Member Wallumbilla Formation Winton/ Wallumbilla/ Wyandra Sandstone Winton/ Wyandra Sandstone Hooray Sandstone Screens (metres) – – Open hole 77.1–79.2 – – Open-ended pipe 277.4 Year drilled 1894 1912 1937 1948 1938
Bromine (Br) – – – – – – Aluminium (Al) – – 0.01 0.03 0 Arsenic (As) – – – – – – Barium (Ba) – – – – – – Cobalt (Co) – – – – – – Iron (Fe) – 1.26 – 0 0.11 0.01 Manganese (Mn) – 0 – 0 0.01 0.01 Silica (SiO2) – 22 – 23 22 18 Zinc (Zn) – – 0.04 – 0 Nitrate as NO3 – 2 – 2.9 0 0 Phosphate (PO4) – – – – 0 – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, N = natural surface elevation, R = reference point, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. © Copyright, DNRM 2012 Table 138 Wooregym spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry continued. Variable Details Bore ID 7570 9094 12823 13500 50689 Sample date 1992 2003 2003 2005 2003 Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 8.5 8.8 8.0 4.3 1.0 Water encountered – – – 48.2, 224.6, 168.5, 272.8 35.9 Source aquifer Doncaster Member Hooray Sandstone Hooray Sandstone Hooray Sandstone Doncaster Member Screens (metres) – – – Perforated casing 273.8 – Year drilled – 1941 1955 1958 1985 Standing water level –2.74 (1959) 35.9 (1969) (N) – 1.2 (1958) (N) –
Total depth (metres) 210.9 259.1 273.7 39.6 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) 169.2 169.2 168.3 163.5 178 Facility status Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Facility type Artesian, ceased to flow Artesian, controlled flow Artesian, controlled flow Artesian, controlled flow Artesian, controlled flow Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 795 804 775 776 845 pH (field/lab) – 8.3 8.2 8 8.3 Temp (°C) 28 28.7 32.7 39.2 27.5 Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) TDS – – – – – TSS 438.82 508.71 479.12 468 517.32 Sodium (Na) 195 201.6 188 184 202.7 Potassium (K) 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.8 Calcium (Ca) 2.6 3.8 3.2 2 2.3 Magnesium (Mg) 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5 Chlorine (Cl) 63.9 40.7 48.7 48 91.6 Sulfate (SO4) 0 0 0 1 0 Alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 330 398 359 351 330 Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 394.9 469.4 424.2 411 393.6 Carbonate (CO32–) 3.7 8.1 6.9 8.8 4.4 Fluoride (F) 1.1 0.57 0.68 1 1.44 Bromine (Br) – – – – – Aluminium (Al) – 0 0.01 0.05 0 Arsenic (As) – – – – – Barium (Ba) – – – – – Cobalt (Co) – – – – – Iron (Fe) 0.04 0.9 0.19 0.02 0.2
the Sweetwater spring complex, although spring type E, F or G are likely conceptual types. Spring complex overview Sweetwater is located 76 kilometres north-north-west of the town of Bourke and 16.6 kilometres south-west of the town of Enngonia, northern New South Wales. The complex consists of one inactive spring—although there are some soaks and vegetation present (Figure 69). The complex has been given a conservation ranking of 2. The spring wetland area covers about 13 square metres. A summary of basic hydrogeological information available is in Table 147. Table 148 sets out the location and elevation of the spring. Figure 69 Sweetwater spring complex—site 1009. Table 147 Sweetwater spring complex—hydrogeological information summary. Feature Details Comments No. of active vents 0 No. of inactive vents 1 1009 Conservation ranking 2 Nearby spring complexes Yarrongany and Kallyna complexes are within 10 kilometres Spring water quality samples Waterbores within 10-kilometre radius 11 Waterbore water quality samples No Interpreted stratigraphy available Little GW32500 36 kilometres south-east Outcropping GAB formations Rolling Downs Group Underlying aquifers Quaternary/Tertiary, Coreena and Doncaster members of the Wallumbilla Formation, Wyandra Sandstone of Cadna-owie Formation, and Hooray Sandstone SWL time series data available Yes Likely source aquifers Hooray Sandstone or Wallumbilla Formation Conceptual spring type E, F or G Possibly GAB = Great Artesian Basin, SWL = standing water level. Figure 70 Sweetwater spring complex—regional geology, Bourke supergroup, New South Wales.
Variable Details Bore ID GW010667 GW010786 GW010787 GW019039 GW101483 Sample date 1987 – 1989 – 1997 Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 5.4 4.3 8.0 1.9 7.6 Aquifer Hooray Sandstone? Wallumbilla Formation? Qaternary/ Tertiary Wallumbilla Formation? – Screens (metres) Slots 239.2–240.4 and – – Slots and 131.1–132.3 Slots 2–5 Year drilled 1953 1954 1954 1961 1997 Standing water level (reference point) 0.41 – 10.71 – – Total depth (metres) 274.3 99.7 36.8 137.2 5.5 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) 122.770 124.000 146.000 120.110 128.63 (DEM) Facility status – – – – – Physicochemical parameters Salinity description – Fresh Fresh Good – EC (µS/cm) – – – – – pH (field/lab) – – – – – Temperature (°C) – – – – – Turbidity – – – – – – = not available, DEM = digital elevation model, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre. © Copyright, NSW OoW 2010 Table 153 Sweetwater spring complex—spring water chemistry. Variable Details Vent ID 1009 Sample date 2012 Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 1302 pH (field/lab) 7.61 Temperature (°C) 21.3 EC = electrical conductivity, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre,
Table 163 Tego spring complex—spring location and elevation. Vent ID Latitude Longitude Elevation (mAHD) Source 196 –28.85022 146.79126 131.930 Geodata 9” DEM 196.1 –28.85005 146.79140 135.093 measured 196.2 –28.84995 146.79173 132.130 Geodata 9” DEM 196.3 –28.84961 146.79185 135.681 (132.130) Measured (DEM) 196.4 –28.84884 146.79210 132.130 Geodata 9” DEM 196.5 –28.84931 146.79091 135.075 (132.130) Measured (DEM) DEM = digital elevation model, mAHD = metres Australian height datum. Table 164 Tego spring complex—waterbores within a 10-kilometre radius. Bore ID Top (mBGL) Bottom (mBGL) Rock unit name 4641 0.0 – Tertiary sediments – – Wallumbilla Formation – – Wyandra Sandstone Member – – Cadna-owie Formation – 533.4 Hooray Sandstone 4648 0.0 – Quaternary/Tertiary – – Wallumbilla Formation – 106.7 Wyandra Sandstone member 4649 0.0 – Quaternary/Tertiary – 145.7 Coreena Member 11080 0.0 – Alluvium – 39.6 Tertiary 39.6 133.2 Coreena Member 10978 0.0 – Quaternary/Tertiary – 135.3 Wallumbilla Formation 10979 0.0 – Quaternary/Tertiary – – Coreena Member – 169.2 Doncaster Member 12472 0.0 24.4 Quaternary/Tertiary 24.4 – Coreena Member – – Doncaseter Member – 345.9 Wyandra Sandstone Member – = not available, mBGL = metres below ground level. © Copyright, DNRM 2012
Table 165 Tego spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Bore ID 4641 4648 4649 10979 11080 12472 10978 Sample date 1989 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 – Distance from spring complex (km) 6.5 6.0 7.9 7.8 2.8 9.5 9.5 Source aquifer Wyandra Sandstone Member/ Hooray Sandstone Wyandra Sandstone Member Coreena Member Doncaster Member Coreena Member Wyandra Formation (potential) Wallumbilla Formation Screens (metres) – Perforations 106.7 – – – Year drilled 1912 1947 1929 1952 1952 1954 – Standing water level (natural surface elevation) 44.2 – – – 90.1 (1954) – Total depth (metres) 533 106.7 145.7 169.2 131.1 345.9 135.3 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) 135.4 131.7 131.7 132 134.8 132.3 131.1 Facility status Abandoned and destroyed Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Abandoned and destroyed Facility type Artesian, uncontrolled flow Artesian, uncontrolled flow Artesian, controlled flow Artesian, ceased to flow Artesian, controlled flow Artesian, controlled flow Artesian, controlled Physicochemical parameters EC (µS/cm) 1100 1044 1226 832 2637 972 – pH (field/lab) 8.3 8.4 8.3 – 8.3 8.5 – Temperature (°C) 47 23 24.5 – 25 38 – Chemical parameters (milligrams per litre) Dissolved oxygen – – – – – – – TSS – – – – – – – TDS – 625.12 680.45 – 1467.19 590.63 –
Sodium (Na) 260 246 253.5 – 568.4 234.7 – Potassium (K) 1.9 3.1 2.5 – 5.3 0.9 – Calcium (Ca) 4.2 5.4 10.1 – 10.3 4 – Magnesium (Mg) 0.7 2.8 2.2 – 7.2 0 – Chlorine (Cl) 110 65 249.5 – 536.4 59.2 – Sulfate (SO4) 2 0 0 – 0.9 0 – Alkalinity (calcium carbonate) 410 468 243 – 535 436 – Bicarbonate (HCO3–) 485 551.7 288.6 – 631.6 510.5 – Carbonate (CO32–) 7.3 9.3 4 – 10.2 10.4 – Fluoride (F) 0.6 0.93 0.59 – 1.02 1.08 – Bromine (Br) – – – – – – – Aluminium (Al) – 0 0 – – 0 – Arsenic (As) – – – – – – – Barium (Ba) – – – – – – – Cobalt (Co) – – – – – – – Iron (Fe) 0.01 0 0 – 0 – – Manganese (Mn) – – 0.2 – – 0 – Silica (SiO2) 19 21 16 – 16 29 – Strontium (Sr) – – – – – – – Zinc (Zn) – 0.01 0 – – 0 – Nitrate as NO3 2.2 0 0 – – 0 – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, TDS = total dissolved solids, TSS = total suspended solids. © Copyright, DNRM 2012
4644 0.00 – Tertiary sediments – 76.20 Coreena Member 4645 0.00 – Tertiary sediments – 65.50 Coreena Member GW004579 3.05 45.72 Clay 45.72 307.85 Shale 307.85 351.74 Clay 351.74 354.48 Sandstone Water supply 354.48 361.19 Clay – = not available, mBGL = metres below ground level. © Copyright, DNRM 2012, NSW OoW 2010 Table 170 Towry spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Bore ID 4642 4643 4644 4645 GW004579 Sample date 2000 – – – 1986 Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 3.5 Source aquifer Coreena Member Coreena Member Coreena Member Coreena Member Wyandra Sandstone Member Screens (metres) – – – – – Year drilled 1912 1879 1912 1912 1930 Standing water level (N) – – – – 20.4 Total depth (metres) 74.4 76.2 76.2 65.5 361 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) 137.2 137.2 137.2 137.2 – Facility status Existing Abandoned and destroyed Abandoned and destroyed Abandoned and destroyed – Facility type Artesian, uncontrolled flow Artesian, controlled flow Subartesian Subartesian – Physicochemical parameters
335.28 472.44 Shale Water supply 472.44 487.68 Sandstone Water supply 487.68 530.05 Granite Water supply GW008388 0.00 0.91 Top soil Red 0.91 95.10 Clay Water bearing 95.10 274.30 Shale 274.30 304.80 Shale Water bearing 304.80 359.66 Shale 359.66 375.51 Sandstone Water bearing 375.51 462.38 Shale and sandstone Alternating bands of shale and sandstone 462.38 468.48 Sandstone Water bearing 468.48 471.83 Shale GW021391 0.00 0.61 Soil 0.61 83.82 Clay 83.82 251.46 Sand, shale and coal Bands of sand, shale and coal 251.46 364.24 Shale 364.24 371.86 Sandstone Water bearing 371.86 460.25 Shale 460.25 464.25 Sandstone Water bearing mBGL = metres below ground level. Note: No drillers’ log data are available for bores GW16344, GW004207, GW004208, GW065407, GW004206. © Copyright, NSW OoW 2010 Table 188 Cuddie spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry. Variable Details Bore ID GW004039 GW004205 GW004206 GW004207 GW004208 Sample date 1934 1934 1902 – 1990 Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 9.3 2.5 9.6 6.4 5.6 Aquifer – – – – – Screens (metres) Perforations 334–489 – – – – Year drilled 1902 1902 1902 – 1908
Standing water level (reference point) 8.36 7.75 – – 3.06 Total depth (metres) 530.1 328.30 296.3 201.5 250.6 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) 128.8 128.6 129.2 122.340 (DEM) 126.2 Facility status – – – – – Physicochemical parameters Salinity description 501–1000 ppm 501–1000ppm 501–1000 ppm – 665 ppm EC (µS/cm) – – – – – pH (field/lab) – – – – – Temperature (°C) – – – – – Turbidity – – – – – – = not available, EC = electrical conductivity, mAHD = metres Australian height datum, µS/cm = microsiemens per centimetre, ppm = parts per million. © Copyright, NSW OoW 2010 Table 189 Cuddie spring complex—waterbore details and water chemistry continued. Variable Details Bore ID GW008388 GW021391 GW016344 GW065407 Sample date 1989 1985 – 1988 Distance from spring complex (kilometres) 4.6 6.8 8 2.7 Aquifer – – – – Screens (metres) Slots 359–378 and 417–468 – – – Year drilled 1954 1967 – 1988 Standing water level (reference point) 11.22 3.77 – – Total depth (metres) 471.8 464.2 – 322 Natural surface elevation (mAHD) (DEM) 122.640 124.350 122.320 128.080 Facility status – – – –