Outcome 5: Environmental Protection and Heritage Conservation Increased protection, awareness and appreciation of Australia’s environment and heritage through regulating matters of national environmental significance and the identification, conservation and celebration of natural, Indigenous and historic places of national and World Heritage significance. Programme 5.1: Conservation of Australia’s Heritage and Environment. Programme 5.2: Environmental Regulation. Outcome 6: Commonwealth Environmental Water Protection and restoration of environmental assets through the management and use of Commonwealth environmental water. Programme 6.1: Commonwealth Environmental Water. Outcome 7: Climate Change Reduction of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions, adaptation to the impacts of climate change, and contribution towards the negotiation of an effective global solution to climate change, through the development and implementation of a national response to climate change. Programme 7.1: Reducing Australia’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Programme 7.2: Adapting to Climate Change. Corporate Outcome: Organisational Effectiveness Improve the effectiveness and efficiency of our Department.
Portfolio overview Environment portfolio as at 30 June 2014 The Hon Greg Hunt MP Minister for the Environment Senator The Hon Simon Birmingham Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for the Environment Department of the Environment Gordon de Brouwer—Secretary Malcolm Thompson Deputy Secretary Kimberley Dripps Deputy Secretary David Parker Deputy Secretary Steven Kennedy Deputy Secretary Corporate Outcome: Organisational Effectiveness Portfolio statutory authorities/positions Environment Quality Division First Assistant Secretary: Diana Wright Environment Assessment and Compliance Division First Assistant Secretary: Dean Knudson Australian Antarctic Division First Assistant Secretary: Tony Fleming Emissions Reduction Fund First Assistant Secretary: Trevor Power (Acting) Corporate Strategies Division First Assistant Secretary: Dianne Carlos Bureau of Meteorology Director: Rob Vertessy Sustainability, Policy and Analysis Division First Assistant Secretary: Benedikte Jensen Supervising Scientist Division First Assistant Secretary: Richard McAllister (Acting) Commonwealth Environmental Water Office First Assistant Secretary: David Papps International and Land Division First Assistant Secretary: Shayleen Thompson Policy and Communications Division First Assistant Secretary: Mary Wiley-Smith (Acting) Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Chief Executive Officer: Russell Reichelt
Biodiversity Conservation Division First Assistant Secretary: Sean Sullivan Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division First Assistant Secretary: Stephen Oxley Water Efficiency Division First Assistant Secretary: Richard McLoughlin (Acting) Renewables and Projections Division First Assistant Secretary: Lyndall Hoitink (Acting) Sydney Harbour Federation Trust Executive Director: Geoff Bailey Parks Australia Division Director of National Parks: Sally Barnes Water Reform Division First Assistant Secretary: Tony Slatyer Adaptation and Science Division First Assistant Secretary: Lyndall Hoitink (Acting) Murray–Darling Basin Authority Chief Executive: Rhondda Dickson International Executive: Donna Petrachenko Office of Water Science First Assistant Secretary: Tony Slatyer National Water Commission Chief Executive Officer: Kerry Olsson (Acting) Clean Energy Regulator Chief Executive Officer: Chloe Munro
The reviews were made available to the public on the Department’s website. Contributing to a process to ensure: additional areas of Tasmanian public native forest with high conservation values are further protected through inclusion in formal legislated reserves the Tasmanian forest industry has a sustainable and guaranteed wood supply. Discontinued as a result of changing Government priorities. The Australian and Tasmanian governments have agreed to terminate the National Partnership Agreement on the Implementation of the Tasmanian Forests Intergovernmental Agreement. Responsibility for the lead on Tasmanian forest issues has been transferred to the Department of Agriculture. Key performance indicators 2013–14 results Caring for our Country Initiative: Sustainable Environment Stream By 2014–15, all Caring for our Country Initiative funding rounds have been implemented. Funding rounds for the following components of the Sustainable Environment Stream of Caring for our Country were undertaken: World Heritage Grants Reef Recovery Regional Delivery Community Environment Grants Target Area Grants Working on Country Indigenous Protected Areas. From 2014–15 the National Landcare Programme will be the Australian Government’s key natural resource management initiative. Public consultations on the design and delivery of the National Landcare Programme will be undertaken before programme guidelines are released in the 2014–15 financial year. By 2015–16, project proponents have commenced data collection, as per agreed Data collection has commenced as per agreed methodologies. Public reporting of this data will begin in the 2015–16 Annual Report.
gases. biodiesel, liquefied petroleum gas (autogas) and ethanol (E85) regulation of the export, import and transit of hazardous waste to ensure that transboundary movements are minimised and managed in an environmentally sound manner controls on the import, export, manufacture, acquisition, use, storage, handling and disposal of ozone-depleting substances and synthetic greenhouse gases. Applying an equivalent carbon price to the import and manufacture of synthetic greenhouse gases, and arrangements for destruction of waste synthetic greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances until June 2014. Discontinued as a result of changing Government priorities. Following the 2013 federal election the Government committed to repeal the carbon tax, including the equivalent carbon tax that applied to synthetic greenhouse gases. Legislation to repeal the equivalent carbon price for synthetic greenhouse gases was enacted on 17 July 2014. Implementing transitional arrangements for the export refund scheme and for imports made between 1 April 2014 and 30 June 2014 where the synthetic greenhouse gases were entered into a warehouse licensed under the Customs Act 1901. The Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas (Import Levy) (Transitional Provisions) Bill 2013 was tabled in Parliament to reduce the risk of possible gas shortages before the carbon tax was repealed. The Bill did not proceed as legislation to repeal the carbon price was enacted on 17 July 2014. Meeting Australia’s obligations under international agreements on waste and hazardous substances, hazardous chemicals, synthetic greenhouse gases, and ozone depleting substances. The Department fulfilled Australia’s international obligations on hazardous waste by: administrating national legislation regulating the export, import and transit of hazardous waste to ensure that transboundary movements are minimised and managed in an environmentally sound manner significantly improving Australia’s hazardous waste data and reporting under the Basel Convention compiling an inventory of Australia’s hazardous waste infrastructure. The Department fulfilled Australia’s obligations on hazardous chemicals by: administering the prior informed consent procedure under the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent
A three-year funding agreement with the Australian Council of National Trusts is in place for the National Trust Partnership Programme. In 2013–14 projects successfully delivered under the programme included: the National Trust Heritage Festival held from 18 April to 18 May 2014 the National Trust Education Programme, which advanced educational services at National Trust properties, bringing them in line with the Australian Curriculum. During 2013–14 there were three successful prosecutions under the Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 of scuba divers for illegal penetration dives into the hull of the historic shipwreck SS Yongala located off Townsville, Queensland. In 2013–14, funding was provided for nine Community Heritage projects totalling $0.07 million (GST exclusive), in addition to the conservation works at Port Arthur’s Penitentiary building ($0.97 million GST exclusive). Leadership—providing high level, strategic advice on heritage matters; advising on standards for best management of Australia’s significant heritage values and places; providing practical assistance to Papua New Guinea and other Pacific Island countries to protect heritage places in our region, and sharing knowledge with the international community. The Department hosted and contributed to three workshops within the Oceania region as part of Australia’s obligations as the Oceania regional representative to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Standing Committee. Two workshops focused on work to progress regional implementation of the listing of shark and ray species to Appendix II of the Convention (which comes into effect on 14 September 2014). The third workshop was aimed at building the Solomon Islands’ capacity to implement the Convention including permitting requirements, annual reporting and trade sustainability. The Department supported the delivery of the Kokoda Initiative through assistance to the Kokoda Track Authority and Papua New Guinea’s Department of Environment and Conservation and Tourism Promotion Authority. The Department continued to support the Pacific Heritage Hub hosted by the University of the South Pacific in Fiji. The Pacific Heritage Hub aims to support implementation of the World Heritage
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations were amended as part of the implementation of these measures. Number of policies, guidelines, standards and procedures related to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 created or updated, where appropriate. A suite of 12 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 assessment and approval process policies were published in July 2013. Sixty three internal standard operating procedures were developed in relation to compliance and enforcement activities. Percentage of Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 assessments and Sea Dumping Act 1981 permits completed within statutory timelines increased by 10%. In 2013–14 there was a 23% increase in approval decisions: 100 decisions compared to 81 in 2012–13. There was also a 5% increase in the percentage of approval decisions being made within statutory time frames. For example, in 2013–14, of the 100 final approval decisions 65% were made within the statutory time frame, compared to 81 approval decisions in 2012–13, of which 60% were made within the statutory time frame. All reported compliance incidents under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the Sea Dumping Act 1981 are assessed or investigated within statutory timeframes. The Department considered all allegations of under Part 3 and Part 13A of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The Department examined 364 incidents or activities representing potential breaches of Part 3. Australian enforcement authorities issued 1640 seizure and caution notices in 2013–14 for the import and/or possession of suspected Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species specimens without permission under Part 13A of the Act. In the previous year a total of 2189 seizure notices and caution notices were issued on behalf of the Department. Comprehensive strategic assessment of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and adjacent Queensland coastal zone submitted to World Heritage Committee for consideration at its meeting in 2015. The Queensland Government and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority revised their draft strategic assessment reports to address public comments and the findings of independent reviews before submitting them to the Minister. The Minister endorsed the strategic assessments under Part 10 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 in August 2014. Both strategic assessments highlight forward commitments for inclusion into the Reef 2050
Table 1: Meeting environmental water priorities under the Murray–Darling Basin Plan Basin annual environmental watering priorities for 2013–14 Decisions and use of Commonwealth environmental water in 2013–14 Northern Basin Wetlands: Improve the resilience of colonial waterbird populations by supporting breeding events and improving breeding habitat in the Northern Basin wetlands. Supporting breeding events Decision: Contingency volumes of Commonwealth environmental water were set aside in the Gwydir and Lachlan to support colonial bird breeding events. Volume of Commonwealth environmental water delivered: 0 GL due to no breeding events. Supporting waterbird habitat Decision: Up to 94 GL of Commonwealth environmental water was made available for use in the Lower Balonne in 2013–14, subject to trigger flows. On average around 16% of water from Commonwealth holdings in the Lower Balonne (as at end June 2014) will eventually flow into the Narran Lakes following a water harvesting event. Volume of Commonwealth environmental water delivered: 22 GL throughout the Lower Balonne system in a flow event in April 2014. Due to high transmission losses in this event, only a small portion of this would have reached Narran Lakes. See also environmental water use in the Gwydir Wetlands, Macquarie Marshes and Lower Lachlan Wetlands (below), that support waterbird habitat. Gwydir Wetlands: Improve the condition and maintain the extent of wetland vegetation communities in the Gwydir Wetlands (including Ramsar sites) by restoring hydrological connectivity and a flow regime that meets ecological requirements. Decision: Up to 60 GL of Commonwealth environmental water was made available for use in four complementary actions in the Gwydir system, including up to 20 GL in the Gwydir Wetlands. Volume of Commonwealth environmental water delivered: Due to the lack of a natural trigger event, no Commonwealth environmental water was delivered to the Gwydir Wetlands; 32 GL was delivered to the Mallowa Wetlands, Mehi River and Carole Creek (other important Gwydir wetlands).
Macquarie Marshes: Improve ecosystem resilience among wetland vegetation communities in the Macquarie Marshes including Ramsar listed sites. Decision: Up to 10 GL of Commonwealth environmental water was made available to maintain the ecological health and resilience of the Macquarie Marshes. Volume of Commonwealth environmental water delivered: 10 GL, in conjunction with additional NSW environmental water. Barwon–Darling River System: Improve habitat and provide opportunities for migration and reproduction of native fish in the Barwon–Darling River system by increasing flow variability and hydrological connectivity. Decision: Up to 24 GL of Commonwealth environmental water was made available to support a more naturally variable flow regime in the Barwon–Darling. Volume of Commonwealth environmental water delivered: 13 GL. Lower Lachlan Wetlands: Improve ecosystem resilience among wetland vegetation communities in the Lower Lachlan wetlands. Decision: Up to 75 GL of Commonwealth environmental water was made available to the Lower Lachlan system in April 2013. Volume of Commonwealth environmental water delivered: 74 GL (up to July 2013), in conjunction with additional NSW environmental water. Mid-Murrumbidgee Wetlands: Improve the condition of wetland vegetation communities in the Mid-Murrumbidgee Wetlands through a winter or spring fresh. Decision: Up to 150 GL of Commonwealth environmental water was made available for a wetlands reconnection event to protect and maintain the ecological health and resilience of the Mid-Murrumbidgee Wetlands. Volume of Commonwealth environmental water delivered: Due to constraints and the lack of an appropriate trigger flow, it was not possible to proceed with the planned use. Environmental water use in the catchment was therefore redirected towards outcomes on the Lowbidgee Floodplain. Lower Goulburn River: Improve habitat and provide opportunities for migration and reproduction of native fish in the lower Goulburn River through reinstating a variable flow regime which includes a large ‘in-channel’ spring/summer fresh. Decision: Up to 215 GL of Commonwealth environmental water was made available for in-stream base flows and freshes within the Goulburn River. Volume of Commonwealth environmental water delivered: 215 GL. The Victorian Environmental Water Holder and The Living Murray also contributed additional water to
Lower Murray Murray River channel, Lower Lakes, Coorong Fish (spawning, assemblage, recruitment, movement and natal origin); water quality (salt and nutrient export); fringing wetland connectivity; and frogs. South Australia Research and Development Institute University of Adelaide, University of Western Australia, CSIRO, South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources Gwydir Gwydir River system Fish, frog and turtle diversity and abundance, hydrological connectivity, native vegetation, water quality, microinvertebrates, macroinvertebrates. University of New England NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Border Local Land Services Table 3: Some early outcomes of Commonwealth environmental water based on monitoring and interpreted using rigorous science Catchment Examples Murray River and Murrumbidgee Heavy rainfall during March and April 2012 led to significant concerns that a blackwater event in the Murrumbidgee River could potentially severely impact on fish and other aquatic animals where the Murrumbidgee flows into the Murray River. Commonwealth environmental water was provided in the Murrumbidgee and Murray rivers to improve water quality by diluting blackwater and providing freshwater refuge for fish. In 2011–12 and 2012–13 Commonwealth environmental watering in the Edward–Wakool system contributed to the environmental objectives of the Basin Plan, including: Biodiversity—environmental water contributed to species diversity of native fish populations by supporting their reproduction and food chains. Resilience—environmental water provided refuges for fish during a natural widespread blackwater event in a native fish rich area; refuges contributed to population resilience of native fish. Local outcomes for the Edward–Wakool include: Fish reproduction—environmental watering assisted reproduction of the native carp gudgeon.
Nebine Unsupplemented 5 920 1 000 Warrego Unsupplemented 16 050 8 000 Total Queensland Medium 13 795 4 666 Unsupplemented 85 202 52 161 New South Wales Barwon–Darling Unregulated 22 275 22 275 Border Rivers General 420 168 Gwydir High 375 375 General 89 525 32 229 Supplementary 19 100 3 629 Lachlan High 933 933 General 86 923 36 508 Lower Darling High 397 333 General 795 644 Macquarie/Cudgegong General 122 093 51 279 Supplementary 6 292 1 321 Murray High 15 123 14 367 General 326 883 264 775 Supplementary 211 155 Groundwater 1 244 1 244 Conveyance 1 860 1 458 Unregulated 276 218 Murrumbidgee High 5 275 5 011 General 208 178 133 234 Conveyance 14 983 14 234 Supplementary 20 820 2 915 Supplementary (Lowbidgee) 381 000 172 974 Groundwater 29 29 Unregulated 164 110
Gwydir 32 Flows to Mallowa wetlands, Mehi River and Carole Creek Border Rivers Unregulated (Macintyre) <1 Instream flows Moonie 1 Instream flows Condamine–Balonne (Lower Balonne) 22 Instream flows Barwon–Darling (Toorale) 13 Instream flows Barwon–Darling (Great Darling Anabranch) 47 Flows Warrego 1 Flows Total 982
Appendix C: Basin catchment summaries of Commonwealth environmental water use in 2013–14 Table 1: Commonwealth environmental watering actions for the Barwon–Darling catchment in 2013–14 Location of watering action Type of action Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, <1 year Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, 1–5 years Contributes to Murray–Darling Basin Plan Environmental watering plan objectives Timing Total Commonwealth environmental water delivered (ML) Complex Site River flows Inundation Wetland Floodplain NSW River catchment river Barwon and Darling River channel and fringing wetlands Yes No, unregulated flows were below triggers for off-channel wetland inundation. No Commonwealth environmental water contributed to two separate fresh flow events in the system to: promote hydrological connectivity and end-of-system flows maintain refuges (waterholes) in the main river channel support the movement and dispersal of aquatic biota provide for Restore a more naturally variable flow regime and preserve natural cues. Support population condition in key waterhole refuges. 8.06(3)(b)(i)(ii) 8.06(6)(a)(b) July to August 2013 (Barwon River) March to April 2014 13 009.4 Darling Darling)
nutrient and carbon cycling. Table 2: Commonwealth environmental watering actions for the Border Rivers catchment in 2013–14 Location of watering action Type of action Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, <1 year Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, 1–5 years Contributes to Basin Plan Environmental watering plan objectives Timing Total Commonwealth environmental water delivered (ML) Complex Site River flows Inundation Wetland Floodplain Border Rivers catchment River and fringing wetlands Yes Yes, inundation is dependent on the extent of natural flow events. Yes, inundation is dependent on the extent of natural flow events. Commonwealth environmental water contributed to a small fresh flow to:support primary production and nutrient and carbon cycling promote hydrological connectivity provide for the dispersal of aquatic biota. The primary aim of use (subject to natural trigger flows) was to support a more naturally variable flow regime and preserve natural cues. Population condition (ecosystem recovery). 8.05(3)(a) 8.06(3)(b)(i) 8.06(6)(a)(b) 8.06(7) March to April 2014 91.8
Border NSW Severn River Yes No No Tumble in-channel substrate to support primary production, wet and interconnect riparian areas and in-channel benches to provide hydrological connectivity and support nutrient and carbon cycling. To support a more naturally variable flow regime and provide natural cues. 8.05(3)(b)(i) 8.06(7) August 2013 4000 (delivered in combination with 4000 ML of stimulus flow from NSW (Pindari Dam) Table 3: Commonwealth environmental watering actions for the Condamine–Balonne catchment in 2013–14 Location of watering action Type of action Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, <1 year Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, 1–5 years Contributes to Murray–Darling Basin Plan Environmental watering plan objectives Timing Total Commonwealth environmental water delivered (ML) Complex Site River flows Inundation Wetland Floodplain
Condamine Balonne unregulated Lower Balonne catchment river flows and floodplain systems Yes Yes, inundation depends on the extent of natural flow events. Yes, inundation depends on the extent of natural flow events. Commonwealth environmental water contributed to a small fresh flow to: re-establish hydrological connectivity and flows to the maintain refuges (waterholes) in the main river channel and distributary channels promote the dispersal of aquatic biota and fish reproduction. Support a more naturally variable flow regime throughout the Lower Balonne system and preserve natural cues. Support population condition in key waterhole refuges in the Lower Balonne distributary channels. 8.06(3)(b)(i) 8.06(6)(a)(b) April 2014 22 282 Darling
Table 4: Commonwealth environmental watering actions for the Gwydir catchment in 2013–14 Location of watering action Type of action Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, <1 year Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, 1–5 years Contributes to Murray–Darling Basin Plan Environmental watering plan objectives Timing Total Commonwealth environmental water delivered (ML) Complex Site River flows Inundation Wetland Floodplain Gwydir Mallowa Wetlands Yes Yes Yes Maintain the condition of permanent and semi-permanent wetland vegetation (e.g. water couch, spike rush, river cooba and lignum). Promote waterbird survival and condition. Promote fish movement and condition, nutrient and carbon cycling, and primary production. Maintain vegetation condition and diversity. Promote waterbird diversity and population condition. Promote fish diversity and population condition. Support the diversity and abundance of other native aquatic species (e.g. invertebrates, frogs, turtles). 8.05(2)(b)(c) 8.05(3)(a)(b) 8.06(3)(a)(b)(i)(ii) 8.06(6)(b)(7) 8.07(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) September 2013 to March 2014 20 000 Gwydir Mehi River Yes No No Contribute to an fresh with a slower, more natural rate of recession to support fish condition Promote fish diversity and population condition. Support the diversity 8.05(3)(a)(b) 8.06(3)(b)(i) 8.06(6)(a)(b) October to November 2013 8420
and movement, larval abundance and survival. Stimulate carbon and nutrient cycling, and primary production processes. and abundance of other native aquatic species (e.g. invertebrates, frogs, turtles). 8.06(7) 8.07(5) Gwydir Carole Creek Yes No No Contribute to an fresh with a slower, more natural rate of recession to support fish condition and movement, larval abundance and survival. Stimulate carbon and nutrient cycling, and primary production processes. Promote fish diversity and population condition. Support the diversity and abundance of other native aquatic species (e.g. invertebrates, frogs, turtles). 8.05(3)(a)(b) 8.06(3)(b)(i) 8.06(6)(a)(b) 8.06(7) 8.07(5) October to November 2013 3915 Table 5: Commonwealth environmental watering actions for the Lachlan catchment in 2013–14 Location of watering action Type of action Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, <1 year Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, 1–5 years Contributes to Murray–Darling Basin Plan Environmental watering plan objectives Timing Total Commonwealth environmental water delivered (ML) Complex Site River flows Inundation Wetland Floodplain
Lachlan Lower Lachlan Yes Yes N/A Support the ongoing environmental recovery following the 2012 floods. Improve the condition of native plant communities, particularly river red gum communities, lignum stands and reed bed areas, and support many of their natural processes such as flowering, seeding and germination. Build resilience in the Lower Lachlan system so that the environment can survive through dry periods and the impacts of drought. Provide instream benefits in the Lachlan River channel and fringing river areas as well as connect the river to its lakes, creeks and wetlands, which provides the opportunity for plants, animals and nutrients to move to new areas. Improve vegetation condition and support recruitment in riparian, floodplain and wetland areas. Improve hydrological connectivity by working to reinstate a more natural frequency of floodplain and wetland inundation. 8.05(2)(a)(b)(c) 8.05(3)(a)(b) 8.06(2) 8.06 (3)(a)(b)(i)(f) 8.06(6)(b) 8.07(2)(3) June 2013 to March 2014 73 854 (23 017 in 2013–14 and 50 837 in
migratory shorebirds and waterbirds such as Glossy ibis, Australian white Ibis, Straw-necked Ibis, Intermediate egrets and Rufous night herons. Table 7: Commonwealth environmental watering actions for the Warrego River in 2013–14 Location of watering action Type of action Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, <1 year Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, 1–5 years Contributes to Murray–Darling Basin Plan Environmental watering plan objectives Timing Total Commonwealth environmental water delivered (ML) Complex Site River flows Inundation Wetland Floodplain Warrego and Darling (NSW) unregulated at Toorale Lower Warrego River catchment flows, catchment river flows Yes No No Commonwealth environmental water contributed to a fresh flow to: maximise hydrological connectivity and flows to the support the movement and dispersal of aquatic biota Support aquatic ecosystem diversity. 8.06(3)(b)(i) 8.06(6)(a)(b) March 2014 506.25
and nutrient and carbon cycling in the Warrego and Darling rivers. Table 8: Commonwealth environmental watering actions for the Moonie catchment in 2013–14 Location of watering action Type of action Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, <1 year Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, 1–5 years Contributes to Murray–Darling Basin Plan Environmental watering plan objectives Timing Total Commonwealth environmental water delivered (ML) Complex Site River flows Inundation Wetland Floodplain Moonie Lower Moonie River flows and fringing wetlands Yes Yes, inundation is dependent on the extent of natural flow events. Yes, inundation is dependent on the extent of natural flow events. Commonwealth environmental water contributed to a moderate fresh flow to support: hydrological connectivity and end-of-system flows to the Barwon River maintain refuges (waterholes) in the main river channel the dispersal of Restore a more naturally variable flow regime and preserve natural cues. Support aquatic ecosystem diversity. 8.06(3)(b)(i) 8.06(6)(a)(b) March 2014 1415
aquatic biota and fish reproduction. Table 9: Commonwealth environmental watering actions for the Broken, Campaspe, Goulburn, Loddon, and Ovens catchments in 2013–14 Location of watering action Type of action Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, <1 year Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, 1–5 years Contributes to Murray–Darling Basin Plan Environmental watering plan objectives Timing Total Commonwealth environmental water delivered (ML) Complex Site River flows Inundation Wetland Floodplain Goulburn River Yes N/A N/A Support the germination and growth of riparian native vegetation. Improve river bank stability, submerge snags and improve the habitat of native fish so that they can breed and grow. Provide habitat and food for macroinvertebrates while also maintaining suitable water quality for other native aquatic plants and animals. Support downstream watering actions throughout the Mid Murray, Lower Murray, Coorong and Support vegetation condition and reproduction. Support fish reproduction and condition. Support hydrological connectivity. Support biotic dispersal. Increase dissolved oxygen and dissolve organic carbon. 8.05(3)(a) 8.06(3)(b)(i) 8.06(7) July 2013 to May 2014 215 000
Campaspe Campaspe River Yes N/A N/A Commonwealth environmental water contributed to in-stream base flows and freshes from 10 to 18 September 2013 within the Campaspe River in support of: native fish reproduction and condition hydrological connectivity biotic dispersal. Return flows from the Campaspe River were used to support downstream actions throughout the Mid Murray, Lower Murray, Coorong and Lower Lakes, contributing to the protection, maintenance and improvement of the diversity and condition of water dependent native plants and animals (such as native fish), water quality and ecosystem function. Vegetation condition and reproduction. Fish reproduction and condition. Hydrological connectivity. Biotic dispersal. Dissolved oxygen and dissolved organic carbon. 8.05(3)(a) 8.06(3)(b)(i)(iii) 8.06(6)(a)(b) 8.06(7) 9.04 July 2013 to June 2014 6517 Loddon Loddon Yes N/A N/A The purpose of this Vegetation 8.05(3)(a) July 2013 2774.5
River River watering action was to improve and maintain the ecological health and resilience of the Loddon River system. Commonwealth environmental water contributed towards in-stream baseflows and freshes between 3 September and 3 October 2013, and from 6 to 20 November 2013, within the Loddon River in support of: riparian vegetation condition native fish reproduction and condition hydrological connectivity water quality. condition and reproduction. Fish reproduction and condition. Hydrological connectivity. Dissolved oxygen and dissolved organic carbon. 8.06(3)(b)(i)(iii) 8.06(6)(a)(b) 8.06(7) 9.04 to June 2014 Ovens Ovens River Yes N/A N/A The purpose of this watering action was to maintain the ecological health and resilience of the Macroinvertebrate diversity. Hydrological 8.05(3)(a) 8.06(3)(b)(i)(iii) 8.06(6)(a)(b) August 2013 to June 2014 70 (in addition to 4800 ML of bulk release
Ovens River system. Commonwealth environmental water contributed towards baseflows and freshes on 24 to 25 April 2014 within the Ovens River in support of: flow variability improved primary production the provision of shallow water habitat to contribute toward macroinvertebrate diversity. connectivity. Biotic dispersal. Dissolved oxygen. 9.04 drawdown water provided by Water, resulting in a total watering action of 4870 ML delivered in the Ovens system between 22 April and 5 May 2014) Table 10: Commonwealth environmental watering actions for the Murray catchment in 2013–14 Location of watering action Type of action Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, <1 year Expected environmental outcome(s) of watering, 1–5 years Contributes to Basin Plan Environmental watering plan objectives Timing Total Commonwealth environmental water delivered (ML) Complex Site River flows Inundation Wetland Niemur River, Yes N/A N/A Support fish condition and Support fish larval growth and 8.05(3)(a) October 2013 to 16 815
Yallakool and Tuppal creeks reproduction. Support vegetation condition and reproduction. Other vertebrate condition, reproduction, growth and survival. Hydrological connectivity. Salinity and pH levels. survival. 8.06(6)(a) 8.06(7) 9.04 April 2014 Murray Gunbower Creek Yes N/A N/A Support fish reproduction and condition. Hydrological connectivity. Dissolved oxygen and dissolved organic carbon. N/A 8.05(3)(a) 8.06(b)(i) 9.04 October 2013 to May 2014 19 028 Rivers Great Darling Anabranch Yes N/A N/A Support the dispersal of plants and animals residing in refuge pools along the Great Darling Anabranch, enabling fish, such as Murray cod and golden perch, to disperse and potentially reconnect with populations in the River Murray. Support improved condition of riparian and floodplain native plants, particularly river red Landscape fish diversity. Support larval growth and survival. Support nutrient and carbon cycling. Aid recovery. 8.5(3)(a) 8.06(3)(a) 8.06(6)(a) 8.06(7) July to December 2013 47 000
gums that line parts of the channel. Provide habitat for native birds and other animals such as frogs. Enable the transfer of nutrients and energy between the Great Darling Anabranch and the Murray River, supporting both longitudinal connectivity (i.e. connectivity along a watercourse) and lateral connectivity (i.e. connectivity between the river channel and riparian zones). Lower Murray Lower River Murray Mallee wetlands Yes Yes N/A Improve vegetation condition in wetlands and floodplains. Provide wetland habitat to improve the recruitment and survival of small bodied fish particularly the EPBC listed Murray hardyhead. Increase landscape vegetation diversity. Support fish population. Increase landscape vertebrate diversity. Aid recovery. 8.05(2)(a)(b) 8.05(3)(a) 8.07 9.04 December 2013 to April 2014 Cadross lakes: 505.9 Brickworks Billabong: 159 Woorlong Wetlands: 176.2 Psyche Bend Lagoon: 400 Bullock Swamp: 265.5 Karadoc
Swamp: 200 J1 Creek: 209 Burra Creek: 300 Bridge Creek: 200 Liparoo East: 236 Lower Murray Hattah Lakes Yes Yes Yes Support improvement in the condition of black box woodland native vegetation, and to provide aquatic habitat. Support the improvement in the abundance and diversity of frogs, fish and waterbirds. Support vegetation diversity. Support vegetation growth and survival. Increase fish diversity. Support fish larval and juvenile recruitment. Increase other vertebrate adult abundance. Increase waterbird diversity 8.05(2)(a) 8.05(3)(a)(b) 8.06(3)(b)(i) 8.07(3) May to June 2014 4633.1 Ongoing at 30 June 2014
and population condition. Support population condition (landscape refuges and ecosystem recovery). South Australia Murray Under Nature Foundation SA agreement: Johnsons Waterhole, Clark’s Floodplain, Loxton Riverfront Reserve, Thieles Flat, Rilli Reach, Ramco River Terrace Yes Yes Yes Improve native vegetation condition and reproduction. Reduce the local impacts of salinity. Provide aquatic wetland habitat to support waterbirds and frogs. Watering actions are being implemented by landholders on privately owned wetlands in conjunction with the Nature Foundation SA. Support vegetation recruitment and extent. Increase landscape vegetation diversity. Increase landscape waterbird diversity. Increase within ecosystem macroinvertebrate diversity. 8.05(2)(c) 8.06(3)(b)(i) and (ii) 8.06(6)(a) August 2013 ongoing at 30 June 2014 214.9
South Australia Murray Lower Murray Wetlands Yes Yes Yes Maintain and improve the condition, diversity and extent of floodplain and wetland native plants. Improve the diversity and condition of native fish, frog and waterbird populations through maintaining suitable aquatic habitat and providing opportunities for breeding and recruitment. Improve ecosystem and population resilience by supporting ecological recovery and maintaining aquatic habitat. Improve landscape vegetation and vertebrate diversity. Aid recovery. 8.05(2)(a)(b) 8.05(3)(a) 8.07 November 2013 ongoing at 30 June 2014 1019 South Australia Murray Lower Lakes Coorong and Murray Mouth Yes Yes N/A Improve water quality in the River Murray channel; aquatic vegetation, macroinvertebrates, waterbird and fish habitat within the Coorong and Lower lakes; and contribute to flows to support an open Murray Mouth. Support ongoing improvement in the condition and extent of the aquatic herb Ruppia tuberosa, which provides Promote landscape vegetation diversity. Increase landscape fish diversity. Support bird population. Aid recovery. 8.05(2)(a)(b) 8.05(3)(a) 8.06(3)(b)(i)(ii) 8.06(3)(c) 8.06(6)(a)(b) 8.06(7) November 2013 to June 2014 106 070 This volume has been delivered in combination with environmental water from other Commonwealth watering actions resulting in a
critical habitat for fish and invertebrate species in the Coorong Southern Lagoon. Increase landscape refugia. total of approx. 543 GL being delivered to the Lower Lakes, Coorong and Murray Mouth. Lower Murray River Murray at Locks 8 and 9 weir pools Yes Yes Yes Support the operation of weir pools that provide increased variability in river water levels for the purpose of improving native vegetation condition. Increase landscape vegetation diversity. Support vegetation recruitment and extent. Increase landscape bird diversity. Increase landscape fish diversity. Improve fish larval growth and survival. Support nutrient and carbon cycling. 8.05(2)(b) 8.05(3)(a) 8.06(3)(b)(i)(ii) 8.06(3)(c) 8.06(6)(a)(b) August 2013 to April 2014 216
dispersal. Increase refugia. Dissolve organic carbon. Lower floodplains watering) Yes Yes Yes Support vegetation condition and reproduction. Support waterbird reproduction, survival and condition. Support other vertebrate condition, reproduction and survival. Support fish condition. Improve hydrological connectivity. Support biotic dispersal. Support landscape vegetation diversity. Support waterbird recruitment. Increase diversity within wetlands. Support nutrient and carbon cycling. 8.05(3) 8.06(3)(b)(ii) 8.07 9.04 August to October 2013 and March to June 2014 6967
Indigenous participation. Australians. Programme 7.2: Adapting to Climate Change Deliverables 2013–14 results Coordinate national science research to ensure priority science activities are delivered in an effective and streamlined manner. The Department worked with the High Level Coordination Group for Climate Change Science to develop a national portfolio of climate change science projects in Australia. The Department also provided input to the adaptation component of Australia’s sixth national communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Support for effective collaboration between climate scientists and natural resource management groups to deliver targeted information on climate impacts and adaptation for regional planning. Through the Regional National Resource Management Planning for Climate Change Fund the Department supported collaboration between climate scientists and natural resource management groups. Under Stream 2 of the fund, scientists worked with regional natural resource management organisations to develop projects that addressed their decision-making needs and priority issues, and that delivered information for natural resource management planning processes. Provision of policy advice on climate adaptation. The Department provided policy advice across a range of climate change adaptation issues. The Department’s policy input was underpinned by consultation with community organisations, the business sector and all tiers of government. Workshops were held in late 2013 and early 2014 with experts and state and local governments around Australia to explore adaptation priorities across the key sectors of infrastructure, emergency management, vulnerable communities, settlements, water, ecosystems and agriculture. Provision and coordination of advice and practical guidance to decision makers on climate adaptation. In conjunction with Geoscience Australia, the Department supported climate adaptation decision makers by providing technical guidance to improve management of shoreline recession from sea level rise. Key performance indicators 2013–14 results Timely, high-quality, robust, evidence-based advice that meets ministerial expectations and informs Government decisions. The Department prepared briefings to advise the Minister and senior officials on a range of matters. Well-targeted information on climate projections that meet the needs of government, business and communities. The Department supported research and development of up-to-date climate change projections for Australia through Stream 2 of the Regional Natural Resource Management Planning for Climate Change Fund. Preliminary results from the projections were shared with natural resource management partners during
or to help meet special workplace circumstances and/or operational requirements. There were 57 individual flexibility arrangements in place at 30 June 2014. The Department commenced negotiations for the next enterprise agreement in early June 2014. The Department has adopted the Government’s Workplace Bargaining Policy for the Public Sector as its bargaining policy. Learning and development Developing people and demonstrating a commitment to a culture of learning remained central to attracting and retaining high-quality staff in 2013–14. The Department provided opportunities for staff to access wide-ranging learning and development activities, both and externally. In addition, approximately 97 staff members received support to undertake tertiary study. A key focus in 2013–14 was the Excellence in Leadership and Management Programme delivered to 210 employees. This programme continues to develop participants’ strategic leadership and people management capabilities. Other offerings under the programme included insight seminars where senior executives shared their experiences of past departmental challenges and key learnings from those experiences. Code of conduct and ethical standards The Department remains firmly committed to the APS Values and Code of Conduct and recognises the importance of promoting a positive workplace culture and environment. The Department demonstrates this commitment by encouraging its workforce to articulate and model appropriate behaviours and by appropriately and decisively addressing incidents of workplace misconduct. The Department revised its Conduct and Ethical Behaviour Framework to implement the changes from the Public Service Act 1999, the Public Service Regulations 1999, the Australian Public Service Commissioner’s Directions 2013 and the Public Interest Disclosure Act 2013. Remuneration for senior executive service officers The remuneration for senior executive service officers in the Department reflects the work value and complexity of the roles; individual capabilities, contribution and performance; and other relevant market considerations. In determining the parameters for remuneration, ranges are set for each classification following consideration of annual benchmarking data such as the APS Remuneration Survey, the Australian Government Employment Bargaining Framework, general economic conditions and portfolio and departmental performance. Disability reporting mechanisms The Commonwealth Disability Strategy has been overtaken by the National Disability Strategy 2010–2020, which sets out a 10-year national policy framework to improve the lives of people with disability, promote participation and create a more inclusive society. A high level report will track progress against each of the six outcome areas of the strategy and present a picture of how people with disability are faring. The first of these reports will be available in 2014.
Resources for the Climate Change Programme. Decreased expenditure of $20.28 million under the Tasmanian Forests Package. Decreased expenditure of $38.47 million under the Working on Country programme. Outcome 2 The increase in income of $23.09 million in 2013–14 was primarily due to an increase in the rate of the equivalent carbon tax from 1 July 2013. On 17 July 2014 legislation to abolish the carbon tax received Royal Assent. Under the legislation, no new carbon tax liabilities will be imposed for synthetic greenhouse gases imported from 1 July 2014 and all related revenue will cease. The increase in expenses of $11.05 million in 2013–14 was primarily the result of increased grant expenses for the Suburban Jobs programme. Outcome 3 There is no administered income for this outcome. This item represents depreciation of the Antarctic Heritage Collection. Outcome 4 The increase in income of $143.49 million in 2013–14 was primarily due to: An increase of $83.87 million in the reversal of previous impairment recorded against water entitlement assets. An increase of $58.83 million mainly due to water entitlements received free of charge under State Priority Projects, where the initial grant payments were made as Specific Purpose Payment by the Department of the Treasury. The decrease in expenses of $374.99 million in 2013–14 was primarily the result of: The change in the impairment cost of water entitlements, which fell from $343.41 million in to 33.01 million in 2013–14, reflecting the movement of prices on State Government water trading registers. A decrease of $23.74 million under the National Water Security Plan for Cities and Towns. A decrease of $45.58 million under the National Urban Water and Desalination Plan. A decrease of $7.73 million under the Water Smart Australia programme. An increase of $3.19 million under the Sustainable Rural Water Use and Infrastructure
Table 5: Decisions on assessment approach and assessments by type Type of assessment decided in 2013–14 Assessments completed in 2013–14 Assessments withdrawn in 2013–14 Assessments lapsed in 2013–14 reports completed in 2013–14 reports (no approval) completed in 2013–14 Assessments in progress at 30 June 2014 reports in progress at 30 June 2014 Commonwealth assessments Preliminary documentation 69 63 11 2 63 8 122 19 Public environment report 3 3 0 1 3 1 12 0 Referral information 9 7 0 0 7 0 2 0 Environmental impact statement 2 5 6 0 5 0 30 3 State/territory assessments Bilateral assessment 15 15 7 0 15 N/A 80 N/A Accredited process 15 8 3 0 8 N/A 51 N/A
Table 6: Approvals in 2013–14 Type of approval Number of approvals Number of approvals since the commencement of the EPBC Act Action approved 100 722 Not approved 0 10 Total decisions 100 732 Awaiting approval at 30 June 2014 28 Awaiting further information from proponent 15 Table 7: Advice requested and provided under section 160 Authorisation provision Requests for advice Advice not required Advice required Assessment completed Advice provided R6.01—Sea Dumping Permit 14 12 2 1 1 S160—Airport Major Development Plan 13 8 5 0 0 S160—Airspace Management 1 0 0 0 0 S160—Foreign Aid 0 0 0 0 0 Table 8: Number of matters protected by the EPBC Act Matter protected Not controlled manner Controlled action Division 1 Matters of national environmental significance Section 12 World Heritage values of a World Heritage listed property 8 10 Section 15B National Heritage values of a National Heritage listed place 10 12 Section 16 Ecological character of a declared Ramsar wetland 7 6 Section 18 Listed threatened species or ecological community 54 106 Section 20 Listed migratory species 25 28 Section 21 Nuclear activities with a significant impact on the environment 2 Section 23 Commonwealth marine environment 19 5
Table 10: Species and ecological communities covered by recovery plans (at 30 June 2014) Species Ecological communities Total Vulnerable Endangered Critically endangered Extinct in the wild Vulnerable Endangered Critically endangered Total number of listed entities 807 671 176 1 2 39 25 1721 Number of listed entities requiring a recovery plan to be prepared 66 58 12 0 2 11 19 168 Number covered by plans in place 285 420 90 1 1 20 5 822
WA Marine aquarium fish managed fishery WTO 20/12/2013 Commonwealth Northern prawn fishery Exempt 20/12/2013 TAS Freshwater eel fishery Exempt 17/04/2014 VIC Eel fishery Exempt 17/04/2014 QLD Eel fishery Exempt 17/04/2014 NSW Ocean trap and line fishery WTO 06/05/2014 Commonwealth Torres Strait tropical rock lobster fishery WTO 07/05/2014 WA Pilbara trawl fishery WTO 14/05/2014 NT Aquarium fishery WTO 29/05/2014 TAS Gould’s Squid Fishery Exempt 13/06/2014 Commonwealth Torres Strait Beche-de-mer Fishery WTO 20/06/2014 NSW Ocean Trawl Fishery WTO 27/06/2014 Note: WTO = Wildlife Trade Operation Compliance with time frames (section 518 report) The EPBC Act and Regulations specify time frames within which decisions must be made and other actions completed. If the time frames are not met, then in accordance with section 518 of the EPBC Act a statement must be provided setting out the reasons for the delay. Actions that were not done within statutory time frames in 2013–14 are listed in Tables 14 and 15. Table 14: Referrals, assessments and approvals in 2013–14 Section Total Late Reasons for delay 75(5) Controlled action determination 323 110 Administrative delays, Need to seek additional information from proponent, Further research required on issues raised 77(1) Controlled action determination notice 323 24 Administrative delays 77(4) Controlled action timing of reasons for decision 21 10 Administrative delays, Availability of decision makers 78C(4) Reasons for the outcome of reconsideration 15 12 Administrative delays 88(1) Assessment approach decision 101 48 Administrative delays 91(1) Notice of decision on assessment approach 113 20 Administrative delays 95A(2) Request for further information 63 2 Administrative delays 95A(3) Direction to publish 65 18 Administrative delays 101A(4)(b) Provide Environmental Impact Assessment guidelines to 3 2 Administrative delays
designated proponent 130(1B) Timing of decision on approval 100 35 Administrative delays, Need for ongoing consultation with proponents 156B(1) Decision whether to accept a varied proposal 32 8 Administrative delays, Need for ongoing consultation with proponents 156E(1) Variation to proposal 18 1 Administrative delays 156E(2) Timing of written notice to accept a varied proposal 25 1 Administrative delays 156E(3) Direction to publish the request to accept a varied proposal 32 2 Administrative delays 156F(5) Publication of notice relating to change of person proposing to take action 15 5 Administrative delays, Administrative errors, Delay in reply from party invited to comment 170A(c) Publication of information relating to assessments: controlled action decisions 323 24 Administrative delays 170A(d) Publication of information relating to assessments: decisions on assessment approach 113 20 Administrative delays 170A(e) Publication of information relating to assessments: preliminary documentation 130 70 Administrative delays 170A(f) Publication of information relating to assessments: guidelines 6 2 Administrative delays 170A(h) Publication of information relating to assessments: reports or statements 13 6 Administrative delays 170A(i) Publication of information relating to assessments: final recommendation report 7 7 Administrative delays 170A(ia) Publication of information relating to assessments: recommendation reports 71 57 Administrative delays 170A(j) Publication of information relating to assessments: other matters 100 6 Administrative delays
produce a combined fuel that complies with the determination mentioned in category 3 5. High-grade industrial burning oils (filtered, and de-mineralised) 5 $8,764,269 $175,285,387 6. Low-grade industrial burning oils (filtered and de-watered) 3 $247,133 $8,237,767 7. Industrial process oils and lubricants, including hydraulic and transformer oils (re-processed or filtered, but not re-refined) 0 $0 $0 8. Gazetted oil consumed in Australia for a gazetted use 5.449 $2,157,499 $39,594,399 Total volume of recycled oil (excludes category eight1) $243,846,093 Total benefit payments $40,009,247 1 Benefits paid under category 8 do not contribute to the overall volume of recycled oil. Source: Australian Taxation Office, 2014. Monitoring and evaluation The third independent review of the Act and relevant provisions of customs and excise legislation was conducted by Professor Neil Byron and Aither Consulting in 2013 and the report was tabled in Parliament on 12 December 2013. The Government response will be delivered in 2014–15. Financial information The Department’s 2013–14 operating costs for the programme, including staff salaries and allowances, consultancies, advertising and other related expenses, were $209,642. The Australian Taxation Office’s operating costs for the programme were $231,800. Services provided by the Australian Taxation Office include processing registrations and claims for benefits, compliance monitoring and client liaison. Committees The Oil Stewardship Advisory Council is established under Part 3 of the Product Stewardship (Oil) Act 2000 to advise the Minister: on the product stewardship arrangements for oils in relation to the recovery and recycling of used oil in relation to regulations under section 10 (working out the amount of product stewardship benefits) on the state of the oil production and oil recycling industries on such other matters as are specified by the Minister.
Portfolio structure Portfolio 16–17 Report on performance Review of performance during the year in relation to programmes and contribution to outcomes Mandatory 20–274 Actual performance in relation to deliverables and KPIs set out in PB Statements/PAES or other portfolio statements Mandatory 20–274 Where performance targets differ from the PBS/PAES, details of both former and new targets, and reasons for the change Mandatory 23, 27, 32, 34 Narrative discussion and analysis of performance Mandatory 8–12, Trend information Mandatory 20–274 Significant changes in nature of principal functions/services Suggested 1, 23, 27, 32, 34 Performance of purchaser/provider arrangements If applicable, suggested 174–175 Factors, events or trends influencing departmental performance Suggested 20–274 Contribution of risk management in achieving objectives Suggested 12, Social inclusion outcomes If applicable, mandatory 168–170 Performance against service charter customer service standards, complaints data and the department’s response to complaints If applicable, mandatory 172–173 Discussion and analysis of the department’s financial performance Mandatory 176–184 Discussion of any significant changes from the prior year, from budget or anticipated to have a significant impact on future operations Mandatory 176–184 Agency resource statement and summary resource tables by outcomes Mandatory 265–274 Management and accountability 101,
Corporate governance Agency heads are required to certify that their agency comply with the Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines Mandatory 13 Statement of the main corporate governance practices in place Mandatory 147–151 Names of the senior executive and their responsibilities Suggested 16–17 Senior management committees and their roles Suggested 147 Corporate and operational planning and associated performance reporting and review Suggested 148 Approach adopted to identifying areas of significant financial or operational risk Suggested 149–150 Policy and practices on the establishment and maintenance of appropriate ethical standards Suggested 168 How nature and amount of remuneration for SES officers is determined Suggested 168 External scrutiny Significant developments in external scrutiny Mandatory 151–160 Judicial decisions and decisions of administrative tribunals Mandatory 151–156 Reports by the Auditor-General, a parliamentary committee or the Commonwealth Ombudsman Mandatory 156–160 Management of human resources Assessment of effectiveness in managing and developing human resources to achieve departmental objectives Mandatory 165–169 Workforce planning, staff turnover and retention Suggested 165–168 Impact and features of enterprise or collective agreements, individual flexibility arrangements (IFAs), determinations, common law contracts and AWAs Suggested 167 Training and development undertaken and its Suggested 167–168