The assessment of the evidence for a program is based on a meaningful improvement to a child or parent outcome from evaluations of different levels of rigour. Programs are allocated to one of the following categories: demonstrated – evidence is established through multiple randomised-controlled trials or a randomised-controlled trial and longitudinal studies promising – evidence is established through at least a quasi-experimental study design involving a pre-post design and control group mixed – significant variation in the evidence-base for the program, but generally there is at least one study that indicates a positive outcome using a pre-post design and control group formative – evidence is established through pre-post observational studies or analysis with no control group emerging – the program is based on a proven method, but evidence is not yet available.
the direct link between HIPPY and these outcomes is not well known, the link between early childhood interventions generally and secondary school performance has been observed. C.10 2018 Estimates of the value of these benefits are summarised in Table C.17. C.17 - Metric National average HIPPY community estimates Rationale HIPPY child Non-HIPPY child Year 12 retention Average cost of a year of school (primary and secondary), 2017 dollars. $17,731 1 (Report on Government Services) (ROGS) $17,731 $17,731 The average cost of a year of school is the same for all children irrespective of their HIPPY completion status. Retention rate for primary school students (years 98% 98% 98% Assumes almost all students complete compulsory primary school. Retention rate for secondary school students (years 81.8% 2 (ROGS) 81.8% 76.8% (-5 percentage points) Based on collected evidence, comparator groups performed between 6 and 16 percentage points worse than intervention groups with respect to academic outcomes (on average, 9 percentage points worse). Therefore it is conservatively estimated that the nonHIPPY cohort will perform 5 percentage points worse. Grade repetition Average cost of a year of school (primary and secondary), 2017 dollars. $17,731 3 (ROGS) $17,731 $17,731 The average cost of a year of school is the same for all children irrespective of their HIPPY completion status. Probability of repetition of any single grade in years 112 8.4% 4 (OECD) 8.4% 10.9% (+3 percentage points) Based on collected evidence, comparator groups were between 3 and 31 percentage points more likely to repeat a grade as compared to intervention groups (on average, 16 per cent more likely). Therefore, it is conservatively estimated that the nonHIPPY cohort is 3 percentage points more likely to repeat a grade. In absence of other information, it is assumed that the impact of HIPPY on grade repetition and baseline rates of grade repetition are the same for Indigenous children as compared to all children.
D.1 Program Origin Operates in Australia Child Level Outcome Target age group (e.g. best evidence) ATSI focus Delivery Financial Cognitive Evidence Behavioural/ Developmental Evidence 0-3 years 3-5 years School Model Duration Frequent (>1 session per month) delivery Home Interaction program for Parents and Youngsters (HIPPY) Israel Promising 2 years or greater Med-High 1-2-3 Magic and Emotion Coaching USA Promising Service 1-3 mths Low Abecedarian Approach Australia (US model) USA Emerging (Aus) Service 2 years or greater High Brookline Early Education Project USA Promising Service 2 years or greater High Chicago Child-Parent Centre program USA Demonstrated Service 2 years or greater High Early Childhood Education and Assistance program USA Mixed Service 2 years or greater High Early Years Education program Australia Emerging Service 2 years or greater High Empowering Parents, Empowering Communities UK Promising Service 3-6 mths Low Even Start USA Mixed Service 2 years or greater High
Families as First Teachers (FaFT) USA Formative Service 2 years or greater Med Family Wellbeing program Australia Emerging Service 1 year or over, less than 2 years Med-High Families and Schools Together (US model) USA Formative (Aus) 6-12 mths Med Getting Ready USA Promising Home 1 year or over, less than 2 years Low-Med Head Start USA Mixed Service 2 years or greater High High Scope Perry Preschool program USA Demonstrated 2 years or greater High Incredible Years Preschool USA Demonstrated Service 6-12 mths Medium It Takes Two to Talk/ Hanen Canada Promising Service 6-12 mths Medium Kids in Transition to School USA Promising Service 3-6 mths Medium Learning In Families Together Australia Formative Service 2 years or greater Medium Learning Together program/ PEEP UK Formative Service 1 year or over, less than 2 years Low-Med