1 Introduction 1 1.1 Elements of the HSE Management System 1 1.2 Tools for the Hazards and Effects Management Process 2 1.2.1 Selection of tools 2 1.2.2 Application and competence 2 2 Hazards and Effects Terminology 3 2.1 Hazards, Effects and Incidents 3 2.2 Threats and Barriers 4 2.3 Consequences, Mitigation and Recovery Preparedness Measures 4 2.4 Risk 8 2.5 Fault and Event Trees 9 2.6 Likelihood and Consequence (or Effect) 9 3 Hazards and Effects Management Process (HEMP) 11 3.1 The Steps in the Process 11 3.2 Implementation of HEMP 12 3.2.1 Assets: planning and review 12 3.2.2 Activities: planning and review 13 3.3 Approaches to the Hazards and Effects Management Process 14 3.3.1 Experience/judgement 14 3.3.2 Checklists 14 3.3.3 Codes and standards 15 3.3.4 Structured review techniques 15 4 Structured Review Techniques 17 4.1 Identify Hazards and Potential Effects 17 4.2 Evaluate Risks 20 4.2.1 Scenario development (causes) 20 4.2.2 Probability 20 4.2.3 Consequence analysis 20 4.2.4 Determination of risk 22 4.2.5 Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) 23 4.2.6 Screening criteria: limits/standards 26 4.3 Record Hazards and Effects 26 4.3.1 Records 26 4.3.2 Hazards and effects register 26 4.3.3 Manual of Permitted Operations (MOPO) 27 4.4 Compare with Objectives and Performance Criteria 27 4.5 Establish Risk Reduction Measures 27 4.5.1 General 27 4.5.2 Control of release of hazards and effects 28 4.5.3 Recovery preparedness measures 28 Appendix I Activities: Planning and Review HEMP Tools and Techniques 31 Appendix II Assets: Planning and Review HEMP Tools and Techniques 33 Appendix III Hazards and Effects Hierarchy 36 Appendix IV Structured Review Techniques Summary Description Sheets 55
Hazard Number Hazard Description Safety Health Enviro Sources H-23 Corrosive substances (cont'd) H-23.03 Sulphuric acid WP C D Wet batteries, regenerant for reverse osmosis water makers H-23.04 Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) C D Drilling fluid additive H-24 Biological hazards H-24.01 Poisonous plants (poison ivy and oak, stinging nettles, nightshade) B Natural environment H-24.02 Large animals (dogs, cats, rats, African wild animals) B Natural environment H-24.03 Small animals (snakes, scorpions, lizards) B Natural environment H-24.04 Food-borne bacteria (e.g. E. Coli) B Contaminated food H-24.05 Water-borne bacteria (e.g. Legionella) B Cooling systems, domestic water systems H-24.06 Parasitic insects (pin worms, bed bugs, lice, fleas) B Improperly cleaned food, hands, clothing, living sites (pin worms, bed bugs, lice, fleas ) H-24.07 Disease transmitting insects (mosquitoes-malaria and yellow fever, ticks-lime disease, fleas-plague) B Natural environment H-24.08 Cold and Flu Virus B Other people H-24.09 Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) B Contaminated blood, blood products and other body fluids H-24.10 Other Communicable Diseases B Other people H-25 Ergonomic hazards H-25.01 Manual materials handling E Pipe handling on drill floor, sack handling in sack store, manoeuvring equipment in awkward locations H-25.02 Damaging noise WP P Pr Releases from relief valves, pressure control valves H-25.03 Loud steady noise > 85 dBA P Pr Engine rooms, compressor rooms, drilling brake, air tools H-25.04 Heat stress (high ambient temperatures) P Near flare, on the monkey board under certain conditions, in open exposed areas in certain regions of the world during summer
Source* ROUTINE HAZARDS POTENTIAL EFFECTS Solid/liquid wastes, medical waste, spent catalyst hazardous wastes toxic substances soil contamination; groundwater contamination; health damage. Household, food/kitchen and office waste organic and specific wastes pathogens soil contamination; groundwater contamination damage to health Landfarming oil/hydrocarbons heavy metals chemical additives soil contamination; groundwater contamination damage to health Heavy vehicles soil compaction changing surface hydrology; changing sub-surface hydrology; reduced plant growth; erosion Vibrating equipment vibrations nuisance/animal repellent Human resources presence of workforce with different socio/cultural background during construction and operation; community intrusion socio/cultural effects; employment in-/decrease; influence on local population/demography; demands on local resources/surfaces Need for land land take by: soil erosion, destruction of habitat - seismic changing surface hydrology - drilling removal of vegetation - field development, tank forms change land use, change in natural relief - access routes change in accessibility - camps, offices, warehouses damage to natural habitat - pipelines visual impact Need for energy energy take loss of energy resources heaters/boilers power generation steam generation vehicles/transport cooling Need for water water take damage to wetlands cooling draw down of ground water level/damage to water well users process impact on downstream users drinking water waste waters irrigation recharge/pressure maintenance Need for gravel/sand gravel/sand take damage to habitat/vegetation/crops drill pads visual impact/land scarring access roads change to surface hydrology camp base/levelling change in natural relief facility construction recovery and replacement Need for consumables use of non renewable raw materials depletion of raw materials * any indented (-) are covered by all aspects in the adjacent columns. This page intentionally left blank
2 Minor effect Contamination, damage sufficiently large to affect the environment, single exceedance of statutory or prescribed criteria, single complaint, no permanent effect on the environment <100 100 - 1,000 Limited impact Some local public concern; some complaints received; slight local media and/or local political attention with potentially negative aspects for Opco operations 3 Localised effect Limited loss of discharges of known toxicity, repeated exceedance of statutory or prescribed limit and beyond fence/neighbourhood 100 1,000- 10,000 Considerable impact Regional public concern; numerous complaints; extensive negative attention in local media; slight national media and/or local/regional political attention with possible negative stance of local government and/or action groups 4 Major effect Severe environmental damage, the Opco is required to take extensive measures to restore the contaminated environment to its original state. Extended exceedance of statutory or prescribed limit 1000 - 10,000 10,000 - 100,000 National impact National public concern; continuing complaints; extensive negative attention in national media and/or regional/national politics with potentially restrictive measures and/or impact on grant of licences; mobilisation of action groups 5 Massive effect Persistent severe environmental damage or severe nuisance extending over a large area. In terms of commercial or recreational use or nature conservancy, a major economic loss for the Opco. Constant high exceedance of statutory or prescribed limit >10,000 >100,000 International impact International public attention; extensive negative attention in international media and national/international politics; potential to harm access to new areas, grants of licences and/or tax legislation; concerted pressure by action groups; adverse effects in Opcos in other countries The above table is an example for crude oil contamination. For other chemical discharge criteria, environmental experts should be consulted. Incidents relating to air, noise, small, light and soil vibrations should be addressed on the basis of expert judgement and, in the case of uncertainty, local expertise may be called in. * 'Incident' as used in Severity level 1 must be seen as the source of the concern for all severity levels. It is defined in the glossary but recognise it includes an environmental problem, an event or chain of events which has caused or could have caused spills, leaks, complaints, public concern, issue debates, failing to follow commitments and so forth. 'Public' must be seen as encompassing a wide range including 'opinion formers', e.g. environmental scientists; groups; politicians; authorities (of various types); media (scientific general).