ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: under heading: Adjudication OBJ: 6 COG: Knowledge 24. What is a nolo contendere plea? a. When the accused immediately enters a plea of guilty b. When the accused enters a plea of guilty but does not accept responsibility for the crime c. When the accused accepts the penalty ordered by the court without admitting guilt d. When the accused enters a plea of not guilty ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: under heading: Adjudication OBJ: 6 COG: Knowledge 25. A[n] _________________ takes place when the accused opts to have the judge (not a jury) hear both sides of a criminal case and render a verdict. a. arraignment b. banc c. mistrial d. bench ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: under heading: Adjudication OBJ: 6 COG: Knowledge 26. __________ circumstances are elements that tend to increase the offenders’ blame. a. Mitigating b. Aggravating c. Special d. Major ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: heading: Sentencing and Sanctions, Generally OBJ: 6 COG: Knowledge 27. When a crime has been expunged, it has essentially been a. erased. b. dropped. c. scratched. d. dismissed. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: under heading: Prosecution and Pretrial Activities OBJ: 6 COG: Knowledge 28. of the following sentence choices requires the offender to pay compensation to the victim? a. fines b. probation c. restitution d. reconciliation ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: under heading: Sentencing and Sanctions, Generally OBJ: 6 COG: Knowledge
b. serious felonies c. lesser felonies d. misdemeanors ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: under heading: The Wedding Cake Model of Criminal Justice/Layer 4 OBJ: 7 COG: Knowledge 40. Andrea is the Texas woman who captured the media’s attention when she was charged and convicted of drowning her five children. Her case would fall under which layer of the wedding cake? a. celebrated cases b. serious felonies c. lesser felonies d. misdemeanors ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: heading: The Wedding Cake Model of Criminal Justice OBJ: 7 COG: Application 41. Questions regarding whether police officers should receive free food from restaurants or free coffee from convenience stores are what kind of dilemmas? a. Legal b. Ethical c. False d. Honesty ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: heading: Ethics and Character: Constant Dilemmas OBJ: 8 COG: Knowledge TRUE/FALSE 42. Three-strikes laws stipulate that offenders must be sentenced to life in prison after their third felony conviction. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: heading: Foundations of Criminal Justice: Legal and Historical Bases/The Criminal Law OBJ: 2 COG: Comprehension 43. Hobbes argued that all people were essentially irrational and selfish, but they had just enough rationality to come together to form governments for self-protection. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: The Consensus-Versus-Conflict Debate/Castle Doctrine OBJ: 2 COG: Comprehension 44. Although members of the sovereign citizen movement are linked with financial crimes, they are not considered to be dangerous or violent. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: The Consensus-Versus-Conflict Debate/Sovereign Citizen Movement
PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: Foundations of Criminal Justice: Legal and Historical Bases OBJ: 2 COG: Analysis 72. Evaluate how politics impacts the role of the police and courts in the United States. ANS: Politics impacts all aspects of the criminal justice system. With regard to law enforcement, chiefs of police serve at the pleasure of city councils, while county sheriffs are elected into office. As a result, the potential for political patronage and influence is significant. Police administrators must be mindful of how their agencies' operations are always subject to oversight from city councils or county boards of supervisors, where almost every decision can be considered political. With regard to the courts, judges in many jurisdictions are elected, so it may be necessary to accept campaign contributions or identify with one political party. This can impact a judge's likelihood of serving impartially. As a result, many states are moving to a merit selection plan, where judges are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the governor. PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: Politics and Criminal Justice OBJ: 3 COG: Analysis 73. Explain the two different means by which the probable cause determination is made that the accused committed the crime and whether he/she should be tried. ANS: The probable determination can be made in one of two ways. In many jurisdictions, it is made at the preliminary hearing, when a judge determines if there is probable cause to believe the accused committed the crime and should move forward to trial. If the judge does not find probable cause, the case is dismissed. Another way involves the use of a grand jury. In some jurisdictions, the prosecutor presents evidence to the grand jury, which makes the probable cause determination. If they decide in the affirmative, it submits an indictment to the court. PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: Prosecution and Pretrial Activities OBJ: 6 COG: Comprehension 74. Explain the criminal justice process from arrest to sentencing and what happens at each phase. ANS: