Brewer and Peters (n.d., “Integration of Psychology”) claim, “Christians have led the way in what is now considered the science and professional practice of counseling” (para. 1). With Annotation: Brewer and Peters (n.d., “Integration of Psychology”) claim, “Christians have led the way in what is now considered the science and professional practice of counseling” (para. 1). Here is what the above in-text citation would look like in “References” section at the bottom of your post/paper: Reference Brewer, G., & Peters, C. (n.d.). “Integration of psychology and Christianity: Why bother?” Coun: 506: Integration of Psychology and Theology, Liberty University. Video Presentations/Lectures With a Secondary Source: The video presentations (as well as the transcripts of the video presentations) contain information from other sources, but these sources are not cited. These so-called “secondary sources” can be properly cited in the body of your paper/post by using the following format. According to Carter and Narramore, “All truth is God’s truth” (as cited in Brewer & Peters, (n.d.), “Integration of Psychology,” (para. 2)). According to Carter and Narramore, “All truth is God’s truth” (as cited in Brewer & Peters (n.d.), “Integration of Psychology”). Website Video Presentation Without a Transcript: In his presentation entitled, “Take Captive Every Thought,” Campbell (n.d.) argues that our role as Christian counselors is to bring people to a knowledge of the truth. Campbell (n.d., “Take Captive Every Thought”) argues that the role of Christian counselors is to bring individuals to a knowledge of the truth. References Campbell (n.d.). Take Captive Every Thought [Video file]. Retrieved from Citing Textbooks in Coun: 506 “Integration of Psychology and Theology” Entwistle Textbook:
Question mark or exclamation point (part of quoted material) The Dream Questionnaire items included “How often do you remember your dreams?” and “What do you most often dream about?” We found intriguing results. Inside When a quotation ending in a question mark or exclamation point ends a sentence, no extra period is needed. Question mark or exclamation point (not part of quoted material) How will this study impact participants who stated at the outset, “I never remember my dreams”? We hypothesized their dream recall would increase. Outside Quotation within a quotation + period or comma Some participants were skeptical about the process: “I don’t put any stock in these ‘dream diaries.’” Inside
Given the variety of ways that scriptures can be integrated into counseling, the author concludes that God’s Word can be a “powerful resource” for Christian counselors. Reflection The article by Garzon (2005) captured my attention because I have been utilizing scriptures in counseling for over twenty years. To some extent, I was drawn to the paper because of my personal desire to validate the way I have been counseling people over the past two decades. In addition, I wanted to read the article to see if it was going to be necessary to “defend” what I feel is an essential feature that distinguishes Christian counseling from other traditional psychotherapies—namely, the use of scriptures in counseling. At first glance, I was looking for scientific evidence to support and validate my strong and heartfelt position concerning the importance of scriptures in counseling. Having originally trained in experimental psychology, I had hoped to find solid empirical research that yielded “hard data” to defend my “cause.” To some extent, I was disappointed to find that Garzon’s (2005) article consisted entirely of a hypothetical case study of a man named “George.” However, as I carefully read the article, I was pleasantly surprised by the ways that the author used “George” to illustrate how scriptures can be utilized effectively in counseling, while at the same time being sensitive to the client-specific factors—such as George’s unique history, and his religious training and experiences. After I finished the article and “sat back” to think about it, I wondered whether it would be possible to actually conduct experimental research on the use of scriptures in counseling. I tried to imagine what such research would “look like,” in terms of experimental design and other research-based considerations. After a bit of reflection, I decided that I would do a literature review and see if there is any extant, solid, scientific
approval by the VA legal department could be obtained, additional problems might arise if treatment was attempted. Given the differences in the religious upbringing (Roman Catholic vs Pentecostal) that could be assumed between the client and the therapist, it would be important for the therapist to have respect for the client’s religious and spiritual beliefs (Garzon, 2005, p. 114). When considering the utilization of scriptures in counseling, Garzon (2005) warns that “clients will have a mixture of experiences with the Bible based on their particular religio-cultural background” (p. 115). Given the assumed contrast between Roman Catholic and Pentecostal upbringings, it may be extremely difficult for the therapist to treat the client in a fashion that would not adversely affect the client’s quality of care and his treatment outcome (Garzon, 2005, p. 115). Given the issues mentioned above with regard to informed consent, setting factors, and differences in religious upbringing, it would probably be more appropriate in this situation for the therapist to utilize scriptures “implicitly” rather than “explicitly” (Garzon, 2005, p. 115). So-called “implicit” integration of scriptures might involve silent prayer on the part of the therapist or sharing aspects of the therapist’s personal spiritual life (Tan, 1966a; as cited in Garzon, 2005). However, for purposes of discussion, if we assume, hypothetically, that it was ethically possible to treat the client by explicitly using scriptures, a number of interesting therapeutic interventions might be possible. For example, the client’s PTSD might be addressed behaviorally and cognitively through the utilization of a technique called “cue-controlled” relaxation. This technique involves using an interval vibration (from a device resembling a pager) to prompt the user to take a slow deep breath (at regular intervals throughout the day). As the client inhales,