Q1. Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a) C (1) a(ii) In the cloud : reason 3 (1) At the tower: reason 2 (1) (2) a(iii) An explanation linking  the charge was neutralised (1)  by a transfer/flow of electrons (1) Discharged/ becomes zero gained electrons / negative charge (2) (b) Substitution (1) 52 = 2600 × time transposition time = 52 / 2600 (1) evaluation 0.02 (s) (1) T = Q / I Full marks for correct answer even if no working is evident (3) (c) An explanation linking two of the following  charges flow through the metal wire  to the ground / earth  preventing build-up of (excess) charge (2) mention of earthing discharged / neutral all objects at the same potential (2) Q2. Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(i) B electrons (1) (a)(ii) An explanation linking (negative) electrons transfer (1) because of friction/from cloth (to base) (1) negative charge (reject protons and positive charge for this mp) moves cloth loses electrons/negative charge (to base) = 2 (2) (a)(iii) A suggestion to include charge (any) could move through cup /metal (1) (cup is) earthed (1) cup/metal is a conductor ignore metal is not an insulator to earth/ ground / to/ through student's (2)
hand (a)(iv) (1) (b) A description to include the situation caused the charge separation (1) where the spark travelled from or to(1) examples when refuelling, spark between end of fuel/pipe and vehicle =2 spark between/from /to person comb/clothes/metal handle and, when combing hair/removing clothing/opening door = 2 lightning flash, between cloud and =2 ignore between plug and socket/jump leads (2) Q3. Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a) A (1) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (b)(i) Any one from the following points • positive and negative charges attract • plates are positive (1) (1) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (b)(ii) smoke particles lose their charge / become neutral (1) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (c)(i) substitution (1) 1.4 × 60 × 2 evaluation (1) = 168 unit (1) coulombs / C give full marks for correct answer with correct unit, no working (3) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (c)(ii) substitution (1) 1.4 × 400 × 60 × 2 give full for correct answer, no working (2) ,
evaluation(1) 67 200 (J) Q4. Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(i) C (1) (a)(ii) B (1) (b) substitution (1) 3.7 x 13 evaluation (1) 48 (C) 48.1 Correct answer with no calculation scores 2 (2) (c)(i) Correct responses can be seen in (i) or (ii) An explanation linking  electrons one of  removed by friction (1)  (transferred) to plastic (1) ["positive electrons/ protons moving", seen anywhere in part (i) or (ii) this mark] ignore reference to charge before rubbing transferred from cloth (2) (c)(ii) opposite to charge on plastic (1) to charge on the plastic (1) charge on cloth is positive same size as charge on plastic electrons transferred from the cloth equal to electrons lost by cloth (2) question = 8 marks Q5. Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(i) electrons (1) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(ii) • row 4 and 6 labelled 2,3 (1) • row 2 and 5 labelled 5,6 (1) (2) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (b) An explanation linking three of the following (3)
technical terms and shows some clarity and organisation • spelling, punctuation and the rules of grammar are used with some accuracy 3 5 - 6 • a detailed explanation or a fully labelled diagram of the situation and explanation of how the charge would build up in the unprotected situation clearly linked to a relevant safety precaution and explanation of how this results in a controlled discharge or prevents the charge separation in the first place • the student uses a range of technical terms and shows good clarity and organisation • spelling, punctuation and the rules of grammar are used with considerable accuracy Q6. Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a) (i) A gained electrons (1) (a)(ii) An explanation linking any two of the following Friction (1) (Causes) hair to lose electrons(to the comb) (1) Hair has an (overall) positive charge (1) Reject positive electrons and movement of positive charge Rubbing (hair with comb) Electrons transfer/move (Ignore atoms) Eg electrons transfer to hair as comb rubs hair gains 2 marks (2) (a) (iii) An indication that negative charges have been repelled ( by the comb) (1) An arrow/label clearly indicating to the bottom of the foil Correct separation of positive and negative charges minus signs shown less than half-way up the foil (1) (b) An explanation linking the following points excess charge is removed /comb does not become charged /gain charge/static electricity (1) it/charge moves through the metal/comb (1) No credit for both have the same charge so Accept electrons for charge Charge is earthed/flows (in)to ground/off comb/into Vicky Metal is a conductor credit they are both neutral/have no charge with 1 mark (2) Indicative Content Mark *(c) A description / comparison/ explanation / etc including some of the following points (6)
Q8. Answer Acceptable answers Mark Correctly plotted point (1) +/- ½ a small square (1) Smooth line through most (at least 5) crosses / points (1) Do not accept clearly dot-to-dot or excessive tramlining Ignore any part of line after 45 (1) (a) (iii) Substitution: (1) 12 = 0.047 × R Transposition: (1) R = 12/0.047 Evaluation: (1) R = 260 transposition and substitution in either order substitution mark can be scored when incorrectly transposed word/symbol equation is given 255.3, 255 give full marks for correct answer no working power of 10 errors with no working score max 1 mark (3) (a) (iv) An explanation linking  current increases with temperature (1) with  (so) resistance decreases(1) or  the voltage is constant (1) with  (so) resistance decreases (with temperature increase)(1) (for this first MP) ignore faster/slower (charge/current) ignore references to heat, current flows more can score both marks by quoting two suitable pairs of values from graph For full marks, there must be a reference to change of either I or R with temperature (2) An explanation linking  electrons / negative charges (1)  collide with ions/lattice/electrons (1) atoms / nuclei allow for 1 mark,electrical energy transferred to thermal/heat energy if no other scored (2) (b) (ii) A suggestion including energy transfer in the thermistor/ any component part of the electrical circuit causes a rise in temperature of thermistor (above surroundings)(1) thermistor/resistor gets hot/is heated (1) Q9. Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(i) B (1) )
(a)(ii) substitution (1) V = 0.5 × 12 evaluation (1) V = 6 (V) Correct answer with no working shown gains two marks. (2) (a)(iii)  P / ammeter reading would increase. (1)  Q / voltmeter reading would increase (1) They(both) would increase for two marks (2) (a)(iv) (current/it) decrease (1) Ignore slowing down (1) (b) All three lines correct for 2 marks One or two lines correct for 1 mark More than one line against any box cannot score more than 1 mark in total. (2) Q10. Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(i) C (1) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(ii) D (1) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(iii) substitution (1) 9 = I × 600 transposition (1) I = 9/600 evaluation (1) = 0.015 (A) OR=15 mA allow substitution and transposition in either order give full marks for correct answer, no working (3) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(iv) An explanation linking the following • battery voltage has decreased (1) • (so) less current (than expected) (1) (2) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (b)(i) An explanation linking the following points • working (1) • (because) diode will only conduct in (2)
acceleration/deceleration is quite small (1)  Because impact distance is far (1) Total question = 8 marks Q17. Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(i) substitution (1) 0.8 × 10 × 1.8 evaluation (1) 14.4 (J) give full marks for correct answer, no working (2) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(ii) 14.4 (J) e.c.f from part (i) (1) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(iii) substitution (1) 4.8 = 0.8 × v transposition (1) v = 4.8/0.8 evaluation (1) 6 (m/s) allow substitution and transposition in either order give full marks for correct answer, no working (3) Question Number Indicative Content Mark QWC *(b) An explanation linking some of the following points Either momentum • item must lose momentum in order to come to rest • force of impact depends on rate of change of momentum • if item is dropped from greater height then velocity at impact is greater • so momentum to be lost is greater • bubble wrap works by increasing the time taken for the item to come to rest • reduces the rate of change of momentum • this reduces the force of impact to a safe value Or kinetic energy • item must lose kinetic energy in order to come to rest • force of impact depends on work done • if item is dropped from greater height then velocity at impact is greater • so kinetic energy to be lost is greater • loss of kinetic energy equals work done bringing item to rest • bubble wrap works by (6)
continuous interchange of KE and gpe. KE (and gpe) reduce over a number of swings as energy is dissipated to the surroundings due to friction.  the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of scientific terminology accurately  spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors Q19. Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a)(i) Any two of: Gamma is a wave (1) Alpha is a helium nucleus (1) Alpha is charged (1) Alpha has a mass (1) Gamma penetrates further/ highly (1) Gamma weakly ionising (1) Gamma travels faster (1) Reverse arguments em radiation Gamma has no charge Gamma has no mass examples of penetrating power alpha highly ionising ignore vague comments eg stronger Ignore uses and dangers (2) (b)(i) D (1) (b)(ii) B (1) (c) An explanation linking: electron(s) (1) is/are lost/gained (1) do not allow positive electron knocked off / removed/ released (2) Indicative Content Mark QWC *(d) An explanation including some of the following points: Radiation from the front of the lens Alpha particles absorbed by glass Beta particles do not penetrate glass Gamma rays pass through glass Background radiation varies There is a large difference in size between front and back counts Radiation detected is gamma rays only Radiation from side of the lens Alpha particles cannot penetrate aluminium Beta particles are (6)
 is captured by a U-235 nucleus  nucleus (is) unstable  nucleus splits  into 2 daughter nuclei (of similar size)  (2 or more) neutrons are released  energy is released  metastable  named isotopes (c) An explanation linking  moderator slows down (absorbs energy from) neutrons  more likely to be captured /cause fission (if it collides with a U-235 nuclei) Reverse argument (2) Q21. Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a) D (1) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (b) An explanation linking the following points • idea that the procedure has been checked to confirm consistent results (1) • (by) other reputable scientists /organisations / peers (1) (2) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (c) A description including three of the following points • hydrogen / small nuclei (1) • join or fuse (1) • to form helium / larger nuclei (1) • energy is released (1) (3) Question Number Indicative Content Mark QWC *(d) A description including some of the following stages Fission• absorption of slow moving / thermal neutron by • to produce daughter nuclei, two or more neutrons and two or more neutrons and Controlled reaction• use of moderators to produce (6)
Q24. Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a) (i) B (1) (a) (ii) Any one of the following Food Radon gas Cosmic rays Own bodies Fall-out Sun/stars (1) Plausible named food such as coffee, brazil nut, bananas Space Specified medical/industrial use of x-rays Ignore smoke alarms, power stations (in normal use) (1) (a) (iii) An explanation linking  personal circumstances such as geographical location nature of their work lifestyle (1)  the consequences such as radiation from radon gas/particular rocks/fallout (eg Chernobyl) greater exposure to x-rays greater exposure to cosmic rays (1) (2) (a) (iv) D (1) (b) (i) From the Time taken to fall (from 120 to) 60 (1) = 8 days (1) Any other suitable pair of readings from graph 8.1, 8.2 Full marks for correct answer even if no working is evident (2) (b) (ii) 2.2 (days) (1) between 2.0 and 2.5 2 (1) (b) (iii) Any one of the following:  Mutation of dna  Ionisation of cells  (Increases risk of) cancer (1) damage / mutate cells (1)
Q25. Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a) Any two from the following points • smoke alarms (1) • irradiating food (1) • dating (e.g. radiocarbon) (1) • sterilisation of equipment (1) • tracing and gauging thickness (1) credit any specific examples but must be from two different areas for 2 marks (2) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (b) C (1) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (c)(i) (fast moving) electron (1) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (c)(ii) half life = 8 days (1) 24 days = 3 half lives (1) 12.5 (mg) (1) bald 3 half lives for 2 marks give full marks for correct answer, no working (3) Question Number Answer Acceptable answers Mark (d) A description including three of the following points • the long time taken for decay (of long-lived radionuclides) • water causing corrosion / leaks • transportation of radioactive material • need for geologically stable rock formation • public perception of waste • security from terrorist activity idea of planning for conditions hundreds /thousands of from now public do not want waste buried near where they live (so limitation on available sites) (3) Q26. Answer Acceptable answers Mark (a) A description to include  name of detector / move detector over the ground (1)  where leak is, there will be an increased rate (1 (move) until a leak/high reading is found (2) (b) D It is the time it takes for half the atoms to decay (1) (c)i 1.9-2 (days) (1) (c)ii Ignore any part of line after 4