First Aid , CPR and AED Name: _________________________ Chapter 10 Notes: p 52-60 Date/Block: _____________________ Condition What to Look For What to Do HEAD INJURIES! Scalp Wound (may cause heavy bleeding, but does not affect blood supply to the brain) Bleeding scalp 1.Apply sterile dressing and direct pressure. 2.Keep head/shoulders elevated. 3.Seek medical care. Skull Fracture (A break of part of the skull caused by significant force to the head) -Pain at point of injury -Deformity of the skull -Fluid drainage from nose/ears -Heavy scalp bleeding -Penetrating wound -Loss of responsiveness 1. Check for responsiveness and breathing, provide care. 2. Control bleeding. 3. Stabilize head/neck. 4. Call 9-1-1. Brain Injury (Concussion-a temporary disturbance of brain activity caused by a blow to the head that shakes the brain) -Vacant stare -Slow to answer questions -Amnesia -Slurred speech -Inability or difficulty walking -Loss of responsiveness -Headache, dizziness, nausea -Repetitive statements 1. Check responsiveness and breathing. 2. Stabilize head and neck. 3. Control bleeding with dressing and apply pressure around the wound. 4. If victim begins to vomit, roll them onto their side while keeping the head, neck and body as one unit. 5. Call 9-1-1. EYE INJURIES! Eye injuries (can produce severe lifelong complications such as blindness if not treated promptly) Loose Foreign Objects Penetrating Objects Blow to the eye 1.Look under both lids. 2. Remove with wet gauze. 1. Protect eye and stabilize object. 2. Call 9-1-1. 1. Apply ice or cold pack 2. Seek medical care if vision
First Aid, CPR and AED Name: _________________________ Chapter 16 p. 94-97 Date/Block: _____________________ Condition Definition What to look for Steps of care Heat __________ Painful muscle spasms, often after physical exertion. Usually in the ________________ ________________, sometimes abdomen. Cramped muscles Pain Stop activity and rest in cool area. Stretch and massage muscle. Provide _________ or sports drink. Heat ____________ Condition caused by the loss of the body’s water and salt through excessive sweating; usually affects those who do not drink enough fluids while ________________, and those not acclimated to hot, humid conditions. Heavy sweating Severe Thirst Weakness Headache Nausea/Vomiting Seek medical care for children and frail adults. DO/DO NOT place victim in an ice bath 1. Stop activity and rest in cool area. 2. Remove excess or tight clothing. 3. Provide water or sports drink. 4. Lay victim down. 5. Apply cool packs to ______________ ________________. 6. Seek medical care if no improvement after 30 minutes. Heat ___________ Life-threatening condition where the body becomes dangerously overheated. Body’s heat regulating function does not work properly, and body cannot _____________. Extremely hot skin Dry skin (maybe sweaty) Confusion Seizures Unresponsiveness 1. Call 9-1-1. 2. Cool the victim immediately by whatever means possible: - - - 3. If unresponsive and not breathing, begin CPR. Heat Emergencies
Cold Emergencies Condition Definition What to look for Steps of care ________________ Tissue damage caused by extreme cold, only happens when temperatures drop below freezing (32oF) Usually affects: - - - - White, waxy-looking skin Skin feels cold and numb (pain at first followed by numbness) _______________, which may appear after rewarming. 1. Move the victim to a warm place. 2. Remove wet/cold clothing and jewelry from the injured part. 3. Seek medical care. DO/DO NOT rub or massage frostbitten area. ________________ Dangerous condition caused by severe exposure to cold in which the body temperature drops below 95oF. Can develop ___________ or ____________. Uncontrollable shivering Confusion, sluggishness Cold skin even under clothing 1. Get the victim out of the cold. 2. Prevent heat loss by: - - - 3. Have victim rest in comfortable position 4. Give warm, sugary beverages if victim is alert and able to swallow. 5. Seek medical care for severe cases. Prepare appropriately for hot and cold weather by following these guidelines: For a HOT environment For a COLD environment