SELECTED SAFETY CULTURE/CLIMATE ASSESSMENT TOOLS Many types of survey tools have been used to assess safety culture and climate. There is no “right approach” for all situations. This selection is intended to reflect a variety of approaches that have been used (some with additional adaptations) since 1980. The surveys are arbitrarily listed in order based on the number of questions they use. Also provided are survey names with links, information on known construction use, and factors covered. Some survey developers encourage users to contribute collected data to their databases to further research and benchmarking. Name of tool or survey Author Source Known to have been used in construction? # of questions used Number and name of included factors (and other notes) Institute of Work & Health 2011 Benchmarking Organizational Leading Indicators for the Prevention and Management of Injuries and Illnesses: Final Report. Utilities, but not construction 8 Not divided into factors Leading indicator tool developed for Ontario workplaces Dedobbeleer & Beland 1991 A safety climate measure for construction sites. Journal of Safety Research 22(2): Yes 9 2 -Management commitment -Worker involvement The first published construction-specific safety climate tool. DeArmond et al. 2011 Individual safety performance in the construction industry: Development and validation of two short scales. Accident Analysis and Prevention 43 (948–954) Yes 10 2 -Safety compliance -Safety participation Zohar & Luria, 2005 A Multilevel Model of Safety Climate: Cross-Level Relationships Between Organization and Group-Level Climates. Journal of Applied Psychology 2005, Vol. 90, No. 4, 616–628 Yes 16 6 3 Organizational Level -Active practices (monitoring,enforcing) -Proactive practices (promoting learning, development) -Declarative practices (declaring, informing) 3 Group Level -Active practices (Monitoring,controlling) -Proactive practices (Instructing, Guiding) -Declarative practices (Declaring, Informing) Parker et al, 2006 A framework for understanding the development of organizational safety No (oil industry) 18 Uses 5 descriptions (text-based rubrics) reflecting level of organizational safety culture maturity
culture. Safety Science 44 (2006) 551 562 Descriptions divided into 2 categories: -Concrete organizational aspects -Abstract organizational concepts Seo et al. 2004 A cross-validation of safety climate scale using confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Safety Research 35 (2004) 427– 445 No 30 5 -Management commitment to safety -Supervisor safety support -Coworker safety support -Employee participation in safety-related decision making and activities -Competence level of employees with regard to safety Pousette et al. 2008 Safety climate cross-validation, strength and prediction of safety behavior. Safety Science 46 (2008) 398–404 Yes, Swedish tunnel workers 33 4 -Management safety priority -Safety management -Safety communication -Workgroup safety involvement Neal, Griffin & Hart 2000 The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34, 99-109, 2000 Yes but not published 35 or 42 8 -Management values -Communication -Training -Physical Work Environment -Safety Systems -Knowledge -Motivation -Behavior Zohar, 1980 Safety Climate in Industrial Organizations: Theoretical and Applied Implications Journal of Applied Psychology 1980, Vol. 65, No. 1, 96-102 Yes 40 8 -Management attitude toward safety -Work pace and safety -Effects of safe conduct on promotion -Effect of safe conduct on social status -Perceived risks -Perceived importance of safety training -Perceived status of safety officer -Perceived status of safety committee UK HSE Safety Climate Tool 1997 Yes (2012 London Olympics) 43 8 -Organizational commitment -Health and Safety oriented behavior -Health and Safety Trust