1 Examples of existing standards related to power grid management systems IEEE IEEE 802 has a variety of wireless standards that are applicable to first mile applications for power grid management systems. A summary of the technical and operating features of the relevant IEEE 802 wireless standards are given in the tables below. 1 Technical and operating features of IEEE Std 802.11 Item 802.11 802.11ah 802.11n 802.11ac Model 1 Model 2 Supported frequency (licensed or unlicensed) 2.4 GHz 900 MHz 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5 GHz Nominal operating range 1.5 km 2 km 2 km 1 km 1 km Mobility capabilities (nomadic/mobile) nomadic and mobile nomadic nomadic nomadic and mobile nomadic and mobile Peak data rate (uplink/downlink if different) 2 Mb/s 156 Mb/s 1.3 Mb/s 600 Mb/s 6934 Mb/s Duplex method (FDD, TDD, etc.) TDD Nominal RF bandwidth 20 MHz 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 MHz 2 MHz 20, 40 MHz 20, 40, 80, 160 MHz Diversity techniques Space time Support for MIMO (yes/no) No Yes No Yes Yes Beam steering/forming No Yes Yes Yes Yes Retransmission ARQ Forward error correction Yes Convolutional and LDPC Convolutional and LDPC Yes Yes Interference management Listen before talk Listen before talk and frequency channel selection Listen before talk and frequency channel selection Listen before talk Listen before talk management Yes Connection topology point-to-point, multi-hop, star Medium access methods CSMA/CA Multiple access methods CSMA CSMA/TDMA CSMA/TDMA CSMA CSMA
Discovery and association method Passive and active scanning QoS methods queue priority, pass-thru data tagging, and traffic priority Location awareness Yes Ranging Yes Encryption AES-128, AES-256 Authentication/replay protection Yes Key exchange Yes Rogue node detection Yes Unique device identification 48 bit unique identifier 2 Technical and operating features of IEEE Std 802.15.4 Item Value Supported frequency bands, licensed or unlicensed (MHz) Unlicensed: 169, 779-787, 902-928, 24002483.5 Licensed: 220, 1427 Nominal operating range OFDM – 2 km MR-FSK – 5 km DSSS – 0.1 km Mobility capabilities (nomadic/mobile) nomadic and mobile Peak data rate (uplink/downlink if different) OFDM – 860 kb/s MR-FSK – 400 kb/s DSSS – 250 kb/s Duplex method (FDD, TDD, etc.) TDD Nominal RF bandwidth OFDM – ranges from 200 kHz to 1.2 MHz MR-FSK – ranges from 12 kHz to 400 kHz DSSS – 5 MHz Diversity techniques Space and time Support for MIMO (yes/no) No Beam steering/forming No Retransmission ARQ Forward error correction Convolutional Interference management Listen before talk, frequency channel selection, frequency hopping spread spectrum, frequency agility.
4 Technical and operating features of IEEE Std 802.20 625k-MC mode Item Value Supported frequency (licensed or unlicensed) Licensed bands below 3.5 GHz Nominal operating range 12.7 km (Max) Mobility capabilities (nomadic/mobile) Mobile Peak data rate (uplink/downlink if different) The peak downlink user data rates of 1,493 Mbps and peak uplink user data rates of 571 kbps in a carrier bandwidth of 625 kHz. Duplex method (FDD, TDD, etc.) TDD Nominal RF bandwidth 2.5 MHz (Accommodates Four 625kHz spaced carriers), 5 MHz (Accommodates 625kHz spaced carriers) Modulation/coding rate – upstream and downstream Adaptive Modulation and Coding, BPSK, QPSK, 24 QAM, 32QAM and 64 QAM Diversity techniques Spatial Diversity Support for MIMO (yes/no) Yes Beam steering/forming Spatial Channel Selectivity and adaptive antenna array processing. Retransmission Fast ARQ Forward error correction Block and Convolutional Coding / Viterbi Decoding Interference management Adaptive Antenna Signal Processing
Key exchange Elliptic cryptography (using curves K-163 and in standard) Rogue node detection Protected from rogue nodes Unique device identification Yes 5 Technical and operating features of IEEE Std 802.22 Item Value Supported frequency bands (licensed or unlicensed) 54-862 MHz Nominal operating range Optimized for range up to 30 km in typical PMP environment, functional up to 100 km Mobility capabilities (nomadic/mobile) Nomadic and mobile Peak data rate (uplink/downlink if different) 22-29 Mb/s, greater than 40 Mb/s with MIMO Duplex method (FDD, TDD, etc.) TDD Nominal RF bandwidth 6, 7 or 8 MHz Diversity techniques Space, time, block codes, spatial multiplexing Support for MIMO (yes/no) Yes Beam steering/forming Yes Retransmission ARQ, HARQ Forward error correction Convolutional, and LDPC Interference management Yes Power management Yes, variety of low power states
Connection topology Point to multipoint Medium access methods TDMA/ TDD reservation based MAC. Multiple access methods OFDMA Discovery and association method Yes, through device MAC ID, CID and SFID QoS methods QoS differentiation (5 classes supported), and connection oriented QoS support Location awareness Geolocation Ranging Yes Encryption AES128 - CCM, ECC and TLS Authentication/replay protection AES128 - CCM, ECC, EAP and TLS, replay protection through encryption, authentication as well as packet tagging. Key exchange Yes, PKMv2 node detection Yes Unique device identification 48 bit unique device identifier, X.509 certificate 2 Smart grid in North America In the United States and Canada, government agencies have recognized the real-time, high-capacity capabilities of a smart grid will enable utilities and end users to access the full economic and environmental benefits from renewable, especially distributed renewable, resources. Similarly, these
A5.1 Jeju Test-bed implementation plan by Period Key Focus Areas Key Contents Basic stage (Infrastructure building) 2010 ~ 2011 Smart Power Grid Smart Place Smart Transportation Linking grid networks and consumers, grid networks and electric vehicles Expansion stage (Integrated operation) 2012 ~ 2013 Smart Renewable Smart Electricity Service - Provide new power services - Accommodate renewable energy sources to the power grid