A3-1 Definition of d2D and d3D for outdoor UTs (left), definition of d2D-out, d2D-in, d3D-out, and d3D-in for indoor UTs (right) Note that: (3-1) In the Tables A3-1 to A3-4, the following applies – Note 1: fc in GHz denotes the center frequency normalized by 1 GHz, distance related values in meters are normalized by 1 m, unless it is stated otherwise. – Note 2: hUT and hBS are the antenna height at BS and UT, respectively. h and W are the average building height and average street – Note 3: For UMa_x, UMi_x, break point distance d'BP = 4 h'BS h'UT fc/c, where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c = 3.0108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and h'BS and h'UT are the effective antenna heights at the BS and the UT, respectively. The effective antenna heights h'BS and h'UT are computed as follows: h'BS = hBS – hE, h'UT = hUT – hE, where hBS and hUT are the actual antenna heights, and hE is the effective environment height. For UMi_x hE=1 m. For UMa_x hE=1m with a probability equal to 1/(1+C(d2D, hUT)) and chosen from a discrete uniform distribution uniform(12,15,…,(hUT-1.5)) otherwise. Here C(d2D, hUT) given by: . – Note 4: For RMa_x, break point distance dBP = 2π hBS hUT fc/c, where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c = 3.0108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and hBS and hUT are the antenna heights at the BS and the UT, respectively.
3.1.2 UMa_x A3-2 Path loss and shadow fading for UMa_x UMa_A UMa_B LOS LOS and , see Note 3 ， dB , dB , see Note 3 , dB ， dB NLOS NLOS , dB,, , , for , dB Optional dB , for , dB Optional dB , 3.1.3 UMi_x TABLE A3-3 Path loss and shadow fading for UMi_x UMi_A UMi_B LOS LOS
, PLRMa-NLOS = 161.04 – 7.1 log10 (W) + 7.5 log10 (h) – (24.37 – 3.7(h/hBS)2) log10 (hBS) + (43.42 – 3.1 log10 (hBS)) (log10 (d3D)-3) + 20 log10(fc) – (3.2 (log10 (11.75 hUT)) 2 - 4.97), dB for 10 m < d2D < 21 km. For LMLC , , for 10 m < d2D < 21 km ,dB For LMLC , , , The applicability ranges: ,, , , , , The applicability ranges: ,, , Note: the RMa pathloss model for >7 GHz is validated based on a single measurement campaign conducted at 24 GHz.
A3-7 O-to-I penetration loss model for model B Path loss through external wall: [dB] Indoor loss: [dB] Standard deviation: σP [dB] Low-loss model 0.5d2D-in 4.4 High-loss model 0.5d2D-in 6.5 Note 1: For model B, d2D-in is minimum of two independently generated uniformly distributed variables between 0 and 25 m for UMa_B and UMi_B, and between 0 and 10 m for RMa_B. d2D-in shall be UT-specifically generated. Both low-loss and high-loss models are applicable to UMa_x and UMi_x. Only the low-loss model is applicable to RMa_x. The composition of low and high loss is a simulation parameter that should be determined by the user of the channel models, and is dependent on the use of metal-coated glass in buildings and the deployment scenarios. Such use is expected to differ in different markets and regions of the world and also may increase over years to new regulations and energy saving initiatives. Furthermore, the use of such high-loss glass currently appears to be more predominant in commercial buildings than in residential buildings in some regions of the world. 3.3 Car penetration loss The pathloss incorporating O-to-I car penetration loss is modelled as in the following: PL = PLb + N(μ, σP2) (3-4) where PLb is the basic outdoor path loss given in section 3.1. μ = 9, and σP = 5. Optionally, for metallized car windows, μ = 20 can be used. The O-to-I car penetration loss models are applicable for at least 0.6-60 GHz. 3.4 LOS probability The LOS probabilities are in Table A3-8. A3-8 LOS probability Channel LOS probability InH_x UMa_x Outdoor users: Indoor users: Use d2D-out in the formula above instead of d2D
A4-8 ZSD and ZOD offset parameters in InH_x Frequency Parameters InH_x LOS NLOS InH_A 0.5 GHz≤ fc ≤ 6 GHz ZOD spread (ZSD) 1.02 1.08 0.41 0.36 ZOD offset µoffset,ZOD 0 0 6 GHz <fc ≤ 100 GHz ZOD spread (ZSD) lgZSD=log10(ZSD/1) lgZSD -1.43 log10(1+ fc)+2.228 1.08 lgZSD 0.13 log10(1+fc)+0.30 0.36 ZOD offset µoffset,ZOD 0 0 InH_B 0.5 GHz≤ fc ≤ 100 GHz NOTE: For InH and frequencies below 6 GHz, use fc = 6 when determining the values of the ZSD parameter values ZOD spread (ZSD) lgZSD=log10(ZSD/1) -1.43 log10(1+ fc)+2.228 1.08 lgZSD 0.13 0.36 ZOD offset µoffset,ZOD 0 0 Optional Model I 28 GHz ZOD spread (ZSD) lgZSD 0.16 0.06 lgZSD 0.18 0.17 4.5.2 UMa_x TABLE A4-9 Fast fading parameters for UMa_x UMa_A Parameters 0.5 GHz≤ fc ≤6 GHz 6GHz < fc ≤ 100 GHz 0.5 GHz≤ fc ≤ 100 GHz NOTE : For UMa and frequencies below 6 GHz, use fc = 6 when determining the values of the frequency-dependent LSP values
Per cluster shadowing std  [dB] 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 Correlation distance in the horizontal [m] DS 30 40 10 30 40 10 30 40 10 ASD 18 50 11 18 50 11 18 50 11 ASA 15 50 17 15 50 17 15 50 17 SF 37 50 7 37 50 7 37 50 7 K 12 N/A N/A 12 N/A N/A 12 N/A N/A ZSA 15 50 25 15 50 25 15 50 25 ZSD 15 50 25 15 50 25 15 50 25 TABLE A4-10 ZSD and ZOD offset parameters in UMa_x Frequency Parameters UMa_x LOS LOS O-to-I NLOS NLOS O-to-I 0.5 GHz≤ fc ≤6 GHz ZOD spread (ZSD) lgZSD=log10(ZSD/1) lgZSD max[-0.5, -2.1(d2D/1000) (hUT - 1.5)+0.75] max[-0.5, -2.1(d2D/1000) -0.01(hUT - 1.5)+0.9] 0.40 0.49 ZOD offset 0 -10^{-0.62log10(max(10, d2D))+1.93-0.07(hUT-1.5)} 6 GHz< fc ≤ 100 GHz ZOD spread (ZSD) lgZSD=log10(ZSD/1) lgZSD max[-0.5, -2.1(d2D/1000) (hUT - 1.5)+0.75] max[-0.5, -2.1(d2D/1000)-0.01(hUT - 1.5)+0.9] lgZSD 0.40 0.49 0.01 0.01
UMi_B 0.5 GHz≤ fc ≤ 100 GHz ZOD spread (ZSD) lgZSD=log10(ZSD/1) lgZSD max[-0.21, -14.8(d2D/1000) + 0.01|hUT-hBS| + 0.83] max[-0.5, -3.1(d2D/1000) + max(hUT-hBS,0) +0.2] 0.35 0.35 ZOD offset µoffset,ZOD 0 -10^{-1.5log10(max(10, d2D))+3.3} 4.5.4 RMa_x TABLE A4-13 Fast fading parameters for RMa_x Parameters GHz≤ fc ≤ 6 GHz GHz≤ fc ≤ 7 GHz LOS NLOS O2I Delay spread (DS) lgDS=log10(DS/1s) lgDS -7.49 -7.43 -7.47 lgDS 0.55 0.48 0.24 AOD spread (ASD) lgASD 0.90 0.95 0.67 lgASD 0.38 0.45 0.18 AOA spread (ASA) lgASA=log10(ASA/1) lgASA 1.52 1.52 1.66 lgASA 0.24 0.13 0.21 ZOA spread (ZSA) lgZSA=log10(ZSA/1) 0.47 0.58 0.93 lgZSA 0.40 0.37 0.22 Shadow fading (SF) [dB] SF See Table A3-4 8 K-factor (K) [dB] K 7 N/A N/A K 4 N/A N/A Cross-Correlations ASD vs DS 0 -0.4 0 ASA vs DS 0 0 0 ASA vs SF 0 0 0 ASD vs SF 0 0.6 0 DS vs SF -0.5 -0.5 0 ASD vs ASA 0 0 -0.7 ASD vs K 0 N/A N/A ASA vs K 0 N/A N/A DS vs K 0 N/A N/A
SF vs K 0 N/A N/A Cross-Correlations ZSD vs SF -0.04 0 ZSA vs SF -0.17 -0.25 0 ZSD vs K 0 N/A N/A ZSA vs K -0.02 N/A N/A ZSD vs DS -0.05 -0.10 0 ZSA vs DS 0.27 -0.40 0 ZSD vs ASD 0.73 0.42 0.66 ZSA vs ASD -0.14 -0.27 0.47 ZSD vs ASA -0.20 -0.18 -0.55 ZSA vs ASA 0.24 0.26 -0.22 ZSD vs ZSA -0.07 -0.27 0 Delay scaling parameter r 3.8 1.7 1.7 XPR [dB] XPR 12 7 7 XPR 4 3 3 Number of clusters 11 10 10 Number of rays per cluster 20 20 20 Cluster DS () in [ns] N/A N/A N/A Cluster ASD () in [deg] 2 2 2 Cluster ASA () in [deg] 3 3 3 Cluster ZSA () in [deg] 3 3 3 Per cluster shadowing std  [dB] 3 3 3 Correlation distance in the horizontal plane [m] DS 50 36 36 ASD 25 30 30 ASA 35 40 40 SF 37 120 120 K 40 N/A N/A ZSA 15 50 50
ZSD 15 50 50 TABLE A4-14 ZSD and ZOD offset parameters for RMa GHz≤ fc ≤ 6 GHz, GHz≤ fc ≤ 7 Parameters LOS NLOS O2I ZOD spread (ZSD) lgZSD max(-1, -0.17*( d2D /1000)-0.01*( hUT -1.5)+0.22) max(-1, -0.19*( d2D /1000)-0.01*( hUT -1.5)+0.28) max(-1, -0.19*( d2D /1000)-0.01*( hUT -1.5)+0.28) lgZSD 0.34 0.30 0.30 ZOD offset µoffset,ZOD 0 arctan((35-3.5)/ d2D) - d2D) arctan((35-3.5)/ d2D) - d2D)