Phos4You Run4Life ASHES ALL-GAS Agri4Value QUB Phosphorus from wastewater 3R2020+ Biochar-Soil-Plant Interface research ANPHOS AquaEnviro UK SMART-Plant A_Propeau BiofuelcellAPP AQUA AVA-CleanPhos SYSTEMIC AgroCycle Ecosec mobile struvite reactor Aquavlan Bio-Ore TL-BIOFER ALGAECAN Ferti-Mine ARBOR BIOUREA Anadry Helsinki wastewater nutrient recovery BioEcoSim BioVakka Vehmaa biogas / digestate ANSWER IMPROVE-P Biorefine project ExtraPhos Aquemfree I-PHYC Bioteam DemoWare ARREAU (EIP Water, international project) IWARRC BONUS PROMISE EDASK Baltic Slurry Acidi Netherlands Micronutrients from batteries CANTOGETHER ePhos BIOFECTOR Nurec4org CLONIC Resource Container CIRCWASTE OCAPI Combine FIX-PHOS Clamber OFP DeBugger Global TraPs DECISIVE PFeWTR DemEAUmed GOBI DEPURGAN Phorwärts DIGESMART GreenSpeed DOP Phos4Life DYNAMIX H2O-C2C DRAINUSE PProduct ECOPHOS IF2O - COOPERL Electro-Sludge PRecover End-o-Sludge KIVIREKI ENRICH RAVITA ES-WAMAR KRN-Mephrec EUROLEGUME Rec Alkaline EURoot MAB3 FATIMA Redmedite Fertiplus Manuvalor Feed-a-Gene SAVE FUSIONS Nutricycle FERTINNOWA Sludge P reycling Norway GR3 Nutrient Clearing House FORCE TransBio HTCycle Nutrient recovery Grødaland FUTUREROOTS UNEP INMS INEMAD-GR3 NUTS GISWASTE UPM and Yara recycled fertilisers IPHYC-H2020 Ochre and biochar research
solutions for the agricultural value chain increase in waste recycling and valorisation by 2020. This will be achieved by developing a detailed and holistic understanding of the waste streams and piloting a key number of waste utilisation/valorisation pathways. It will bring technologies and systems from TRL4 to TRL7 within the 3 years of the project. A post-project commercialisation plan will bring commercially promising technologies/systems to TRL8 and TRL9, ensuring AgroCycle will have an enduring impact by achieving sustainable use of AWCB both inside and outside the agricultural sector, leading to the realisation of a Circular Economy. Ger Hanley Adding to the fruit and vegetable processing industry through algal wastewater treatment The LIFE ALGAECAN project will demonstrate the feasibility of applying solar-powered algal treatment to the effluents generated by the fruit and vegetable processing industry (FVPI) as a way of reducing the environmental impact of this sector at the same time that valuable algae-based market products are generated. This technology will be suitable for being replicated, transferred or mainstreamed anywhere. The ALGAECAN project proposes a sustainable treatment model of high loaded and salty effluents that combines cost-effective heterotrophic algae cultivation with spray drying of the collected microalgae to obtain a product of commercial interest as raw material for the production of biofertilisers, animal feed, bioplastics or biodiesel. ? ? LIFE+ ? Not yet online? Dolores Hidalgo Anadry Dry anaerobic digestion as an alternative & treatment solution for sewage The project LIFE-ANADRY will test Dry Anaerobic Digestion (AD) technology under thermophilic (55 °C) and mesophilic (35 °C) conditions as a more effective treatment method for the sewage sludge produced in WWTPs. The implementation of dry AD of sewage sludge at semi- or pre-industrial scale has not been carried out to date. The project will test this technology in a 20 m3 pilot plant to be installed in the urban WWTP of Mula (Murcia, Spain). It will demonstrate that the abovementioned process offers a vast improvement in 1-9-2015 28-2-2019 LIFE+ Laura N powered
as an and organic waste processing technology water, and local thermal energy. During the project, Loritus will build a full-scale HTC installation to demonstrate its economic and technological performance across a range of commonly occurring waste streams sharing characteristics that make them costly to treat with established technologies. The demonstration will target at least three market applications (sewage sludge, food waste and animal and spent mushroom compost) on a commercial scale (10.000 tonnes/year). Loritus will then operate the full-scale HTC system on a specific organic waste stream, spent mushroom compost, at a mushroom farm in Ireland to finalise the business case for HTC in a real life, industrial scale application. Such a success will induce a multiplication effect across the associated farming cooperative, and provide evidence that clients in other market segments can gain the same HTC cost and environmental advantages. Loritus will prioritise and pursue these segments aggressively. Innovative Circular Businesses on Energy, Water, fertiliser & Industries towards a Greener Regional Economy The LIFE iCirBus-4Industries project will demonstrate the use of fly ash from forest biomass power plants as an adsorbent agent for heavy metals and other organic materials in sewage sludge. This will make the sludge suitable for the production of low-impact fertiliser. In a second stage, the project will also demonstrate the viability of a further use in recyclable construction materials of the used biomass that contains heavy metals and organic pollutants from sewage sludge. The project will first characterise the sewage sludge and the forest biomass fly ash. Then, the two-phase sludge treatment to reduce the presence of heavy metals and other contaminants will be validated at laboratory scale. The project will then scale up the process in a prototype sewage treatment plant with a capacity of 100 kg/hour of clean sludge. 16-7-2015 LIFE+ Manuel Martín Castizo In-BRIEF Integrated The LIFE In-BRIEF project aims to develop and implement 1-9-2015 31-3-2018 LIFE+ Manuel
business model for turning and sewage sludge into renewable energy and agri-urban fertilisers a new business model for the resource-efficient management of certain biodegradable waste, increasing its use for bioenergy and in bioproducts. This will be done through an integrated management model for processing different biowaste generated by agri-food enterprises, and sewage sludge from urban waste water treatment, transforming it into renewable energy and high quality fertilisers. Sanchez INCOVER Innovative for Resource Recovery from Taking into account the current global water scarcity and the expensive operation and maintenance cost of wastewater treatment, the INCOVER project concept has been designed to move wastewater treatment from being primarily a sanitation technology towards a recovery industry and a recycled water supplier. INCOVER aim is to develop innovative and sustainable added-value technologies for a resource recovery-based treatment of wastewater, using smart operation monitoring and control methodologies. At demonstration scale, three added-value plants treating wastewater will be implemented and optimized to recover energy and added-value products including fertilisers. 1-6-2016 31-5-2019 Horizon 2020 Babi Uku, Juan Antonio Álvarez Rodríguez and Serene Hanania biofuel sludge pellet producing system for small and medium sized sewage plants There is a huge number of small and medium sized sewage plants in and out of the European Union that cannot pass over urban sewage sludge for agricultural use in sufficient proportion (less than 50% in the EU), therefore the management of these sewage plants usually ask and receive permissions from environmental authorities for disposing the communal sludge in disused mines or dumps. Instead of disposal/landfilling – that regularly causes pollution of natural water resources – it would be more beneficial to produce sludge pellets. Such experiences drove to create the InnoPellet technology, a self-supporting biofuel pellet producing system for treating communal sewage sludge that is economical in 1-3-2016 28-2-2018 Horizon 2020 ? t supporting
innovative way of producing algal biomass, that will subsequently be valorised into different by-products, reducing the economic and environmental impact of the treatment. SATURN Treatment of Urine with Recovery of Nutrients The possibilities of full nutrient recovery (N, P and K) from urine are explored using an innovative process based on simple physicochemical technology, tentatively named SATURN. The goal is to achieve a maximum recovery of nutrients with a minimal input of energy, chemicals and effort. 1-8-2013 1-1-2018 Flanders Institute for and Flanders Agency for and ? Sebastiaan Derese Sharebox Secure sharing of about recyclable materials between companies Resource efficiency offers a major economic opportunities for the European Process Industry, both in terms of cost savings as well as opportunities to offer greener products and services. Industrial Symbiosis (IS) is the use by one company or sector of by-products, including energy, water, logistics and materials, from another. The approach that underpins SHAREBOX centres on logical work flow that covers from the identification of new symbiotic synergies right through optimised connections among companies and organisations in established symbiotic relationships. SHAREBOX will provide plant operations and production managers with the robust and reliable information that they need in real-time in order to effectively and confidently share resources (plant, energy, water, residues and recycled materials) with other companies in an optimum symbiotic ecosystem. 1-9-2015 31-8-2019 Horizon 2020 SPIRE Mr. Albert Torres
and larger industries in the agri-business sector, through the SolACE consortium and a range of stakeholders' events. The tested innovations will include crop genotype mixtures, legume-based crop rotations and cover crops, microbial inoculants, as well as improved decision support systems and hybrids or products from genomic selection and participatory evolutionary breeding schemes. SolACE will implement complementary approaches, from data mining, modelling, phenotyping in high throughput platforms and field conditions, to experiments in research stations and farmers' networks in contrasted pedo-climatic zones. Through the co-design and co-assessment with the end-users of the selected novel breeding and management strategies to increase the overall system resource use efficiency, the findings of SolACE will be deemed acceptable and readily available for dissemination to a broad spectrum of stakeholders, including policy-makers. Sto3Re Synergic TPAD and O3 process in WWTPs for Resource Efficient waste The LIFE STO3RE project is a demonstration project that aims to protect aquatic environment against pollution caused by nitrates diffusion and micropollutants by means of an energetically sustainable joint management of Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) sludge and manure to obtain a high environmental quality “biofertiliser”. LIFE STO3RE will implement an innovative and cost effective technology (dual acid-gas temperature phased anaerobic digestion configuration coupled to ozone oxidation and hydrothermal cavitation, CavO3+DAG-TPAD) successfully developed in a R&D project (Sludge4Energy) carried out by FACSA and AINIA and co-funded by the Competitiveness and Economy Ministry of Spain. STO3RE Demonstrative Plant will centralize and treat secondary sludge from small WWTPs and cattle manure from surrounding farms within an extended area. 1-9-2015 1-12-2018 LIFE+ ? STRADE Strategic The STRADE project addresses the long-term security and 1-12-2015 Horizon Doris
matter, such as flotation of suspended biomass and the recollection of the biogas produced in digestion. The project team expects that this technology will be transferrable to scenarios where conventional anaerobic bioreactors are an inefficient means of treating wastewater. These include cases of excess salinity, large fluctuations in the concentration and composition of wastewater, and wastewater with abnormally high concentrations of nitrogen, among others. ZERO BRINE the value and supply chain of water and minerals: a circular economy approach for the recovery of resources from saline impaired effluent (brine) generated by process industries The ZERO BRINE project aims to facilitate the implementation of the Circular Economy package and the SPIRE Roadmap in various process industries by developing the necessary concepts, technological solutions and business models to re-design the value and supply chains of minerals (including magnesium) and water, while dealing with present organic compounds in a way that allows their subsequent recovery. This is achieved by demonstrating new configurations to recover these resources from saline impaired effluents (brines) generated by process industry, while eliminating wastewater discharge and minimising environmental impact of industrial operations through brines (ZERO BRINE). The project will bring together and integrate several existing and innovative technologies aiming to recover end-products of high quality and sufficient purity with good market value. It will be carried out by large Process Industries, SMEs with disruptive technologies and a Brine Consortium of technology suppliers across EU, while world-class research centres ensure strong scientific capacity and inter-disciplinary coordination to account for social, economic and environmental considerations, including LCA. A large scale demonstration will be developed in the Energy Port and Petrochemical cluster of Rotterdam Port, involving local large industries. Two demo plants will be able to treat part of the brine effluents generated by one process 1-6-2017 31-5-2021 Horizon 2020 ? ?
Cutec Institute, the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), the Federal Institute of Goiás (IFG), Laboratório Nacional Agropecuario (LANAGRO) and the Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), as well as the companies Tecnaro and Outotec. Interface research The Interface, probing the potential for a sustainable phosphorus fertiliser. This project aims to quantify the soil fertilising qualities and environmental safety of a novel composite biochar, whilst exploring the small-scale P release mechanisms at the biochar-soil-root interface, in order to best manipulate biochar application to soil. To address this aim, a predominantly lab based research plan has been devised to answer the following key questions: 1) Can plants grown in soils amended with a novel composite biochar produce similar crop quality and quantity as crops grown using conventional fertilisers, whilst not presenting an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment?; 2) To what extent does the increased microbial activity at the biochar-soil-root interface influence P mobility and thus plant P uptake? 3) Can targeted application of a novel composite biochar promote the same plant growth as traditional bulk soil mixing? This project comprises of 3 projects planned to take place across Steven Lewis’s PhD (the first commencing 26/06/2017) in the School of GeoSciences / UK Biochar Research Centre at the University of Edinburgh and the James Hutton Institute. 1-9-2016 31-8-2020 Natural Council ? Steven Lewis wastewater purification and nutrients recovery. Towards Microbial Efforts in designing and scaling-up APPlicative bioelectrochemical systems, including (1) Nutrient recovery during agro-food wastewater treatment, (2) Environmental sensing, and (3) Electrofermentation reactors. 1-9-2015 1-9-2018 Project financed by the SIR2014 Grant, Italian Ministry of Dr. Andrea Schievano
systems scaling-up and field and (MIUR). Ecosec mobile struvite reactor ? ? ? ? funding ? From waste to fertilizer - phosphorus and carbon waste mining as nutrient recycling strategy for the future FERTI-MINE aims to recover phosphorus from waste materials in order to reduce the depletion of global rock phosphate resources. By applying different thermochemical conversion techniques (pyrolysis, combustion, gasification, hydrothermal carbonization) for carbonization as well as recovery of ash components, fertilizer products rich in phosphorus and organic carbon will be developed and assessed for their viability, ecological and economic impacts. This innovative strategy will help to close nutrient cycles, protect the diminishing phosphate resources and improve the fertility of agricultural soils. 1-9-2014 31-8-2018 The Austrian Agency (FFG) Walter Wenzel & Prof. Dr. Christoph Pfeifer Helsinki nutrient recovery New innovative methods for nutrient recovery and harvesting in wastewater treatment plants Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY) is a municipal body, which produces waste management and water services, as well as providing information on the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and environment. HSY will develop an innovative waste water treatment process. In the process phosphorus is recovered during the waste water treatment instead of recovering it from the residue, as it is done in the competing processes. Successful development of the process would mean a way to produce organic fertilisers free from hazardous substances as a by-product of waste water treatment ? ? ? ? Mari Heinonen
of Biogenic Organic Raw Material may help to address individual country supply and demand issues, while innovative pilot projects will inform implementation of biomass energy transformation solutions. ARBOR is delivered by an established cross sector partnership, with representatives from public authorities, private sector, research institutes and sector intermediaries to ensure consideration of the whole biomass life cycle. An innovative solution to valorise livestock manure into a range of stabilised soil improving materials for and economic benefit for European agriculture In the BioEcoSIM project led by Fraunhofer IGB, 14 partners from research and industry developed a technology to convert livestock manure into organic soil improvers and mineral fertilisers. The overall process uses energy-efficient technologies and works on the principle of circular economy. The technology prototype is capable of processing 50 kg of raw manure per hour into fertilisers and organic soil improvers. The products obtained have excellent quality as fertilisers and can then be mixed to match the nutritional requirements of any crop. BioEcoSim aimed to recover a stabilised organic soil amendment product (biochar) and nutrient fertiliser products (P and N salts) from manures. The process involves acidification (sulphuric acid), solid/liquid separation, struvite precipitation and ammonia recovery, supercritical steam drying and pyrolysis of the organic fraction. The project included construction and testing of a pilot plant and assessment, including analysis of regulatory aspects of recovered product marketing. This project targeted to produce sustainable soil improving products that can be easily handled, transported, and applied. BioEcoSIM valorises livestock manure as an important example of valuable bio-waste into 1) pathogenfree, P-rich organic soil amendment, 2) slow releasing mineral fertilisers and 3) reclaimed water. The project combined three innovative technologies 1) superheated steam drying 2) precipitation unit of struvite and calcium phosphate and 3) selective separation and 1-10-2012 EU FP7 Jennifer Bilbao
recovery of NH3. Water reclaimed from manure will be utilised for livestock production and/or irrigation. The sustainability of this approach was validated against standards ISO14040 and ISO14044. Implementation of the R&D results will help fulfil the need for economically viable and environmentally benign practices in European agriculture to move towards a more resource-efficient and circular economy. Biorefine project Recycling inorganic chemicals from and waste streams The BIOREFINE project aims to provide innovative strategies for the recycling of inorganic chemicals from agro- and bio-industry waste streams. It wants to maximally close nutrient cycles by minimizing residue flows and economically valorising the minerals that can be recovered from these residue flows. In this way, the BIOREFINE project targets to reduce environmental pollution and the wasting of finite resources and thus to stimulate a sustainable and more bio-based economic growth. Eventually this should create a win-win situation for both the environment and the economy in the NWE region. BioRefine puts a lot of emphasis on cross-sectoral and international networking where the actions include support for the establishment of regional nutrient platforms and dialogue between the different networks. The project also identifies nutrient recovery techniques from different waste streams which would be most suited for quantitative and qualitative nutrient requirements of the market. Good practice techniques are explored at pilot scale and in demonstrations. In this respect, BioRefine is working with industrial operators who are implementing struvite recovery from different waste streams, for example Aquafin at municipal wastewater treatment works in Leuven, Belgium. The project's work should result in new strategies for resource recovery. 1-5-2011 1-12-2015 IVB NWE Erik Meers & Eva Clymans Bioteam Optimizing pathways The aim of the BIOTEAM project is to help public and private stakeholders gain better insights on how the 1-4-2013 1-3-2016 Eise Spijker & Krisztina
and market systems for sustainable bio-energy bioenergy market works and how private business decisions and EU and national policy instruments (e.g., NREAPs, fiscal instruments, feed-in schemes, management policies, etc.) affect bioenergy pathway competitiveness and sustainability (i.e. environmental, economic and social). The impact of BIOTEAM will be that public and private sector stakeholders in six EU countries (Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Lithuania and Poland) revise or at least consider a revision of their decisions (e.g. bioenergy policy incentives, choice of biomass feedstock, investment size of bioenergy production plants) towards more sustainable pathways on the basis of the insights developed by the project. Capitalisation and transfer of tools and results to other EU countries is foreseen. by the Energy Europe of the Union Szendrei BONUS PROMISE Phosphorus Recycling of Mixed Substances Phosphorus recycling from mixed agricultural and municipal wastes to prevent Baltic Sea nutrient input and eutrophication, assessing possible impacts of contaminants (e.g. xenobiotics and pathogens in manures). Agriculture is the largest contributor to the non-point phosphorus load in the Baltic Sea region, and recycling of P from urban and agricultural organic wastes is the only way to conserve the resource and to prevent eutrophication. To produce safe recycled fertilisers, however, handling and treatment procedures need to be improved and implemented, since P-rich materials may contain significant amounts of organic contaminants, heavy metals and pathogens. Mono-incineration together with successive processing may be a way to ensure a full recovery of P in a safe fertiliser product. A shining example of cutting-edge solutions to protect water 1-4-2014 31-3-2017 BONUS project has received funding from BONUS (Art 185), funded jointly by the EU and Ministry Kari Ylivainio
Closing the water cycle in tourist facilities The aim of demEAUmed project was the involvement of industry representatives, stakeholders, policy-makers and diverse technical and scientific experts in demonstrating and promoting innovative technologies, for an optimal and safe closed water cycle in the Euro-Mediterranean tourist facilities, leading to their eventual market uptake. As well as, the reduction of fresh water consumption in hotel installations, green and recreational areas, etc. This was achieved by using alternative water sources, such as treated groundwater, treated rainwater or the reuse of treated grey waters and/or wastewaters within the resort. The project contributed a constructed wetland build vertically in stages, called a vertical ecosystem, suitable to treat greywater and which can be installed on walls indoors and outdoors. The pollutants in the greywater are actually nutrients for the microorganisms in the root zone and the plants. The greywater at the Hotel in Spain evidenced only low quantities of phosphorus and very moderate amounts of nitrogen. About 60% of P was removed and stored in plant biomass suitable for composting, while 75% of N could be removed from the water. 1-2-2014 30-6-2017 EU FP7 Gianluigi Buttiglieri, Eric Mino, Heinz Gattringer Digestate from Manure Recycling This project brings together all stakeholders for the installation of a new process to minimize spreading digestate flows and to economically valorize the minerals (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, among others). By using digestate instead of synthetic fertilisers, it is possible to save energy, limit consumption of fossil fuels and reduce our carbon footprint. 1-9-2013 31-8-2016 by the EU Jonathan De Mey DYNAMIX DYNAmic policy MIXes for absolute decoupling of The DYNAMIX project will propose dynamic and robust policy mixes to shift the EU onto a pathway to absolute decoupling of long-term economic growth from resource use and environmental impacts. DYNAMIX assumes that the tremendous task of reaching absolute decoupling will require paradigm shifts in the way production and 1-9-2012 31-3-2016 EU FP7 ? Dr. Martin
impact of EU resource use from economic growth consumption is organised and regulated. It will therefore assess how existing and emerging paradigms affecting absolute decoupling can inform concrete policy-making. Combined with an ex-post analysis of existing inefficiencies in resource use and inadequacy of current resource policies, this will allow identifying promising policy mixes for progressing towards decoupling. These policy mixes will then be tested in qualitative and quantitative ex-ante assessments for effectiveness (benchmarked against absolute resource and impact decoupling), efficiency, sustainability and contribution to eco-innovation, using innovative environmental and economic modelling. ECOPHOS Waste utilisation in phosphoric acid industry through the of ecologically sustainable and friendly processes for a wide class of products The ECOPHOS project involves the development of a new research and innovation strategy for the waste minimisation and utilisation in the phosphoric acid industry. The main aim is the development of ecologically sustainable, environmentally friendly, resource and energy saving industrial process technology for the production of a wide-class of phosphorus-containing substances. The project focuses on new technologies for (a) the production of useful phosphorous salts (fodder, food and pharmaceutical phosphates), phosphorus acid and phosphates in a cost efficient and ecologically sustainable way, (b) the improvement of existing methods in the phosphoric acid production for the drastic minimisation of waste, (c) the utilisation and processing of industrial solid waste from the production of phosphoric acid and (d) the production of a new generation of phosphoric fertilisers. Mathematical models and computer-aided process engineering tools guarantee the efficient and sustainable operation of the production systems with key objectives the reduction of cost, waste and energy. The new technological advancements will be accommodated in an information system for easy access and utilisation. The newly 1-12-2005 EU FP7 Rob de Ruijter 2008
upcycling from manure: economic and Manure represents an unexploited resource of organic carbon and nutrients, and therefore an exquisite ‘mining’ opportunity. ManureEcoMine proposes an integrated approach to the treatment and reuse of manure in nitrate vulnerable and sensitive areas and beyond, by applying the eco-innovative principles of sustainability, resource recovery and energy efficiency. The project is testing technologies at pilot scale to recover nutrients and energy from manures: pig manure (Netherlands) and cattle manure (Spain). It is using a combination of biological nutrient removal, anaerobic digestion, ammonia stripping and H2S04 absorption, precipitation of struvite or potassium struvite (4 litres/hour lab scale reactor), production of an organic fertiliser product from manure solids and use of treated water for irrigation. Moreover, the effects of the fertilizing properties and trace contaminants of recovered nutrients on plant growth and soil health will be established. Life cycle analyses will determine the concept sustainability, and identify the most environmentally friendly and effective reuse strategy, together with the boundaries of economic viability. of the digestate from pig manure as new fertilizers with an organic / mineral base and gradual release The objective of the MIX_FERTILIZER project is to demonstrate an innovative system for the agronomic valorisation of waste from the anaerobic digestion (decomposition without oxygen consumption) of pig manure (digestate) and to improve the associated environmental impacts. As a result of the project actions, a new type of fertiliser will be obtained with a mixed organic/mineral base and with gradual release by the addition of the nitrification inhibitor 3-4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DPPP). An aqueous effluent will also be obtained and employed in fertigation. 1-9-2013 31-8-2016 LIFE+ Raquel López Mubic Mushroom Growing certain biological foods requires a substrate 1-4-2015 30-9-2015 Horizon ? ?
from livestock effluent to prevent water from digestate and wood ash, struvite precipitation from manure digestate. Assessments of fertiliser value of digestates have been carried out on a range of crops including lettuce, beetroot and maize (data under publication). and Fabrizio Adani RecoPhos Germany Chemical treatment of ash with phosphoric acid to produce a phosphate fertiliser ? ? ? ? ? and Reusing in CGIAR on business models for Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR) Several projects including (1) Reducing the human and environmental cost of growing cities, (2) Solutions for a growing sanitation problem, (3) Exploring business avenues for human waste reuse, and (4) A new vision for waste, and the future. ? ? Multiple donors Pay Drechsel & Marielle Dubbeling Recycling of – to in small domestic waste water The aim of this research project was the recovery of phosphorous (P) compounds from waste water in small domestic waste water treatment plants. Therefore an adsorption module was developed which selectively removes phosphate from wastewater and reduces the phosphorous concentration to less than 2 mg/L P. In a first step different potential adsorbents were tested in adsorption equilibrium tests. The highest P loading was observed using the iron hydroxide material goethite. The influence of dissolved carbon and dissolved anions was very low. In the following study the breakthrough 1-9-2008 1-8-2011 BMBF - Thomas Dittmar