Theft and banditry Pickpockets and thieves carry out "snatch and run" crimes on city streets and near crowds (Google, Inc. 2013).There have been reports of safes being stolen from hotel rooms and hotel desk staff being forced to open safes. Thieves routinely snatch jewelry and other objects from open vehicle windows while motorists are either stopped at traffic lights or in heavy traffic. Thieves on matatus, buses and trains may steal valuables from inattentive passengers. Many scams, perpetrated against unsuspecting tourists, are prevalent in and around the city of Nairobi. Many of these involve people impersonating police officers and using fake police ID badges and other credentials. Nevertheless, police checkpoints are common in Kenya and all vehicles are required to stop if directed to do so. There has been an increase in armed banditry in or near many of Kenya’s national parks and game reserves, particularly the Samburu, Leshaba, and Maasai Mara game reserves. In response, the and police have taken some steps to strengthen security in the affected areas, but the problem has not been eliminated. Travelers who do not use the services of reputable travel firms or knowledgeable guides or drivers are especially at risk. Political crime Kenya is generally a peaceful and friendly country in its political activism, it is nonetheless common during elections, referendums and other political votes for campaign violence to occur around the country, and ethnic clashes account for much of Kenya's problems. On 29th December 2007, the day after Kenya’s National Parliamentary and presidential elections, violence erupted in major cities cross Kenya, including Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu. Political instability throughout Kenya was reported, which resulted in the deaths of over 600 Kenyans. Kenya was ranked 150th out of 179 countries for corruption in the year 2007. ( 2007). On a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 the most corrupt and 10 the most transparent, rated Kenya 2.1. Terrorism At the urging of the militant group, a significant and increasing number of terrorist attacks in Kenya have been carried out by local Kenyans, many of whom are recent converts to the unpopular cult. Estimates in 2012 placed the figure of Kenyan fighters at around 10% of
6. Central Police Division 7. Kayole Police Division 8. Buruburu Police Division 9. Kasarani Police Division 3.2 Data Collection 3.2.1 Data Identification Process This refers to the identification, collection, digitization and correction of errors for the necessary data used to build GIS databases. It is the most expensive and critical phase for the success of any GIS project. Both primary and secondary geographic data may be obtained in digital or analog format. Analog data for example the crime incidences recorded at the police station for this case required to be entered in computer spreadsheets. Analog maps were scanned and then imported to ArcGIS as geographic database. Before importing into GIS environment considerable formatting and restructuring may be required. The datasets required for this particular study were collected and their sources identified as follows. Table1: Datasets and their sources DATASETS DATA DESCRIPTION DATA SOURCE Topographic Maps and Administrative Maps Kenya admin. Maps at scale1:50000 and Nairobi topomaps at scales 1:5000 and 1:20000 Survey of Kenya(SOK) JICA, Japanese International Corporation Agency Crime Incidence and Reports Crime incidences and reports Nairobi Central Police Division.