Principles of the U.S. Constitution Protections of the Bill of Rights Checks & Balances— creates a balance of power between 3 branches—each branch (legislative, executive, judicial) assigned certain powers Freedom of speech religion assembly petition 2 right to bear arms Federalism—division of power based on location Federal State 3 no quartering of troops 4 no unreasonable search and seizure Separation of Powers—divides government powers into 3 branches legislative – law-making body executive – executes the law judicial – judges the law 5 no self-incrimination no double jeopardy grand jury eminent domain. . . the government can take over property with just compensation 6 by jury to a lawyer speedy trial Limited Government—government has only the powers given in the Constitution 7 trial by jury (civil cases) Republicanism—democratic government chosen by the 8 no cruel and unusual punishment Popular Sovereignty—people hold the over government 9 rights of the people are not limited to those in the Constitution Individual Rights—protected rights of the people in the Bill of Rights 10 all powers not specified in the Constitution are given to the states representation
American Imperialism From Isolationism to Expansionism Why? Examples: Military Alfred T. Mahan argued for a strong Navy in his book “Influence of Sea Power Upon History” Protection of territories Refueling Increase trade Economic/Political Need for raw materials and markets. Open Door Policy— U.S. declares continued with China. Boxer Rebellion Dollar Diplomacy— Taft’s idea to give economic support to countries. Roosevelt Corollary of the Monroe Doctrine— justified sending U.S. troops to intervene in Central America. Social Spread of American institutions Missionary zeal White Man’s Burden Annexation of Hawaii Sandford B. Dole Missionaries Military Port Commodore opens Japan to trade Henry Cabot Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt pushed for expansionism— what is that? Desire to expand territory for economic, social, or political gain How was this different from previous U.S. foreign policy? Isolationism was original foreign policy (neutrality) Panama Canal Huge undertaking that Theodore Roosevelt oversaw Improved trade and military movement Malaria/challenges of geography
The Roaring Twenties (The Great American Mullet) Instructions: Fill in the importance of each of the following: “Business in the Front” “Change in the Back” POLITICAL “Return to Normalcy” — President Harding’s reduced role of U.S. government / laissez-faire policies Harding & Teapot Dome Scandal 18TH Amendment—Prohibition of Alcohol 19th Amendment— women’s right to vote 21st Amendment—repealed prohibition ECONOMIC $Economic Boom—How did these impact the Economy? $Mass Production/Assembly Line-allowed faster, less costly means of production $Henry Ford—built first affordable cars on a large scale $Laissez-Faire-little government regulation led to rapid growth in business $Buying-on-Credit-allowed consumers to purchase goods and to pay in installments; increased buying SOCIAL Red Scare/Sacco-Vanzetti—reflected nativist feelings related to anti-communism Growth of nativism-after WWI, increased fear led to Red Scare Immigration Act of immigration from Southern/Eastern Europe Eugenics-desire to restrict certain groups; driven by nativism (Racism by science) Great Migration influenced culture-movement of African Americans to large urban areas for jobs Social Darwinism-survival of the fittest applied to society and business SOCIAL—modernism v. traditionalism Adventure— Charles Lindbergh—1st person to fly the Atlantic Ocean Glenn Curtiss — Aviation Pioneer that was 1st to design seaplane that could take off and land on water Changing Role of Women— Flappers-greater independence Frances Willard — Temperance Movement Women’s Rights Movement Cultural Values— Prohibition Organized Crime-increased Scopes “Monkey” Trial— clash between traditionalism and modernism over teaching evolution. Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan Art, Music & Literature Jazz Age – of new music-awakening of African American Culture Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes-literature Marcus Garvey-political activist Tin Pan Alley—NYC area that mixed culture and music to form new pop music Lost Generation —F. Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby; Ernest Hemingway; Sinclair Lewis-captured the spirit of change in the 20s with new values 12
FDR’s Instructions: What is important the following— Relief (Short-term) Is like — a band-aid Recovery (Stimulus) Is like — a cast Reform (Systematic) Is like — prevention Bank Holiday: closed all nation’s banks to stabilize and restore consumer confidence Emergency Mortgage Loans: to support business and consumers Work Relief Programs: CCC;PWA; WPA hired workers for federal projects National Recovery Administration: federal program that set prices and production controls plus a minimum wage Agricultural Adjustment Administration: paid farmers to plant fewer crops; government also bought overages Social Security Administration: workers/employers pay into system that provides support for the unemployed and elderly Securities & Exchange Commission: organized to oversee the stock market and prevent corruption Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.: insures bank deposits up to $250,000 Tennessee Valley Authority: 14
Martin Luther King, Jr. Civil Disobedience — peaceful protest of unjust laws Influenced by — Gandhi Gathered widespread support by — speeches writings peaceful protests Famous Quotes/Speeches “I Have a Dream” Letter from a Birmingham jail Turning Point — Assassinated 1968 Malcolm X Views — questioned the views of Dr. King and became a symbol of black power movement along with Stokely Carmichael Influenced by — Nation of Islam which advocated black nationalism later broke away from the organization Assassinated 1965 Black Panthers Views — believed a revolution was needed to gain rights more militant Community –based political organization— attempted to provide greater local opportunities for African Americans Leaders— Huey Newton Eldridge Cleaver Betty Friedan — The Femine Mystique National Organization for Women (NOW) formed in 1966 to promote women’s rights Gloria Steinam — Ms Magazine Roe v. Wade (1973) legalized — abortion Equal Pay Act — required pay for equal work Title IX (1972) — banned discrimination against females in educational institutions Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta led the United — Farm Workers (UFW) Boycotts Hector P. Garcia started GI Forum for — Veterans rights. LULAC — League of United American Citizens created to fight Hispanic discrimination La Raza — political organization in Texas to mobilize Hispanic voters Chicano Mural Movement — art work to promote Hispanic culture during 1960s American Indian Movement (AIM) — attempt to call attention to Native American discrimination Alcatraz Wounded Knee Introduced term Native American and brought attention to discrimination and bias 20
Bill Clinton 1993-2001 George W. Bush 2001-2009 Barack Obama 2009-2017 Economic Issues Attempted health care reform with Hillary Clinton leading task force – did not pass Congress Supported welfare reform, lower taxes, and stricter crime prevention measures GATT — Changed to World Trade Organization NAFTA— impacted trade in N. America Financial Crisis of 2008 led to— Home foreclosures Fear of financial failures Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (2008) gave billions of dollars to prevent and businesses from failing American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 gave economic stimulus $700 billion spent by federal government to support economy Banking and credit reform Legislation to support credit card and lending practices 2000 Election — What was unique? Gore won popular vote; Supreme Court stopped Florida recount giving Bush the electoral college win 2001 Terrorist Attack —Turning Point World Trade Center and Pentagon attacked by al-Qaeda; Bush launched a war on terror U.S. Patriot Act created to give Gov’t expanded power to conduct security measures following 9/11 War on Terror: Iraq— U.S. troops deployed when Hussein was thought to have weapons of mass destruction Afghanistan— U.S. troops deployed to find terrorists Political Issues Ross Perot —3rd party candidates can impact elections Contract with America was supported by most Republicans proposed by Newt Gingrich, Republican Speaker of the Balkan Crisis— Ethnic tension caused conflict in the Balkans; Clinton sent troops which led to a compromise 2008 Election Turning Point – First African American President Affordable Care Act— Healthcare reform designed to make health care available to Americans Appointed Sotomayor 1st Hispanic American to U.S. Supreme Court Social Issues Scandal led to impeachment (formal accusation) by the House of Representatives Senate vote did not remove the president Appointed— Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State Influence of Oprah Winfrey — Publicly endorsed President Obama during election over Hillary Clinton 24 No Child Left Behind was created to promote educational reform by testing students in English and Math Hurricane Katrina caused by natural disaster and human factors (levee failure, delayed rescue)
Great American Quilt Directions: For each quilt square, add the time period or era and then any historical information you know. ANSWERS MAY VARY INDUSTRIALISM ANSWERS MAY VARY INDUSTRIALISM ANSWERS MAY VARY INDUSTRIALISM ANSWERS MAY VARY ANSWERS MAY VARY THE FRONTIER (WESTERN EXPANSION) ANSWERS MAY VARY THE FRONTIER (WESTERN EXPANSION) ANSWERS MAY VARY IMPERIALISM ANSWERS MAY VARY THE 20s ANSWERS MAY VARY THE 30s—GREAT DEPRESSION 27