Table ES-2 Inventory Overview Refineries Chevron Phillips 66 Shell Tesoro Valero Chevron ExxonMobil Phillips 66 Tesoro Valero Paramount ALON San Joaquin Kern Oil Phillips 66 Regular drills/exercises with local fire/hazmat ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● CAA/CalARP Risk Management Plan (RMP) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Mutual aid organization ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Community hazard patrol - responsive ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Community hazard patrol - proactive ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Continuous process unit air monitoring (OSHA) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Hand held air monitors for off-site use ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Supports Local CAER or similar community organization ● ● ● ● ● Real-time onsite modeling capability ● ● ● Voluntary fence line monitor(s) ● ● Voluntary community monitor(s) ● Inactive Social notifications ●
A listing and maps of California oil refineries to be included in this assessment were provided in the July 2013 Project Plan. Those documents are attached to this report as Appendix A. Seventeen refineries were identified as having a throughput capacity of 10,000 barrels/day or more in California. More recent investigation has determined that the Edgington Oil Refinery in Long Beach, owned by Paramount Petroleum Corp., ceased refining operations in 2011. That facility is no longer part of the assessment, although the facility retains its use permits and could re-open in the future. ARB has worked with districts, emergency response agencies, refineries, the IRTF, and other contributing agencies to compile and present the statewide baseline information presented in this report. Note on Reference Materials An important aspect of the Objective 1 inventory is the collection of reference materials on air monitoring technology and the practices and procedures currently employed in and around California refineries. Also important to this assessment is the documentation of emerging technologies. Appendix B provides a detailed list of monitoring equipment used throughout the State. Many documents from numerous sources have been compiled to inform the assessment process. These documents are included as Appendices C through H. Contacts made throughout the assessment process are included in Appendix I. Websites have also provided and will continue to provide background information for the assessment. A list of website sources and references is attached as Appendix J. A list of acronyms is attached as Appendix K. Existing Emergency Air Monitoring Capabilities Bay Area There are five major refineries located in the San Francisco Bay Area. Four refineries, Chevron (Richmond), Shell (Martinez), Tesoro (Martinez), and Phillips 66 (Rodeo), are located in Contra Costa County while one, Valero (Benicia), is located in Solano County. Air District Assets and Resources Following the Chevron Richmond fire, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD or District) governing board adopted a refinery-focused work plan to evaluate the District’s emergency capabilities, practices, and needs. As part of that work plan, the District retained Desert Research Institute (DRI), a private contractor, to evaluate the data generated, its
first response agency Incident Commander and the Operations Coordinator (OC) will be immediately apprised of this decision. Limitations to District emergency response support include, but may not be limited to, the following: Situations requiring the use of Level A or B personal protective equipment: ERT personnel will not be authorized to support these incidents under any circumstances. no circumstances will ERT personnel enter the “hot zone”. Samples required from these areas will be taken by first response agency personnel, after sampling method instruction by ERT members. Analytical Services The SCAQMD’s Monitoring and Analysis Unit responds to local ambient monitoring requests, including meteorological and sampling services as part of the SCAQMD's emergency response program. Table B-2 lists the unit’s analytical capabilities. Table B-2 SCAQMD Analytical Capabilities Instrument Vendor Analyte Method GC/MS Agilent VOC (Trace level) TO-15 Gas chromatography (GC)/ mass spectrometry (MS) Agilent VOC (Screening GC/ total combustion analyzer (TCA) flame ionization detector (FID) Finnigan carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, ethylene, ethane Method 25.1 and 25.3 GC/thermal conductivity detector (TCD) Finnigan helium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen Method 10.1 GC/ sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) Agilent Sulfur Compounds SCAQMD (Modified IO3.1) Inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS Perkin Elmer Metals X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Panalytical Metals SCAQMD Polar Light Microscope Olympus Bulk Material (including asbestos) U.S. Stereo Light Microscope American Optical Bulk Material (general) U.S. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Panalytical Asbestos samples Fallout samples Crystalline silica Unknown crystalline SILICA, CRYSTALLINE, by XRD
LACoFD-HHMD notes that improvements in availability and training for air modeling capability would be helpful. The Department desires to develop the capability to do perimeter monitoring, but needs instruments and education. LACoFD-HHMD currently has some telemetry capabilities but needs the ability to establish a WiFi link to their main computer. LACoFD-HHMD has also noted that current regulations are written for long term penalties, believes the daily maximum fine does not serve as a deterrent for sources to reduce the risk for incidents that are over in a day, and desires a better deterrent. The county wants to expand its capabilities for monitoring by being able to detect at lower detection limits. Documentation Documentation includes practices, procedures, and guidance prepared and maintained to address emergency response actions to address a non routine, unplanned air contaminant release. An Emergency Response Settlement Agreement between the City of Torrance and ExxonMobil in 2009 resulted in a formal radio communication and joint incident command protocol that has been heralded by the Torrance Fire Department as a major achievement in collaboration. That protocol is attached by reference and provided in Appendix D-2, along with other relevant technical reference documents. San Joaquin Valley The southern San Joaquin Valley has a long history of oil production and refining. The refineries are relatively small and have been in and out of operation, or at reduced capacity for years - a result of diminished local oil production and other logistic and economic factors. The refineries currently operate at partial capacity and are seeking opportunities to fulfill specialty and niche refining needs. All three refineries (Alon USA, Kern Oil, and San Joaquin Refining) are located within or near the Bakersfield metropolitan area in Kern County. Air District Assets and Resources The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD) consists of eight counties in California’s Central Valley: San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, Kings, Tulare, and the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin portion of Kern County. The District is currently non-attainment for the State O3, PM2.5, and PM10 standards.
State and Federal Agencies ARB ARB’s Office of Emergency Response (OER) directs and executes ARB’s support of local air districts, local public health and environmental health departments, and other agencies during air quality emergency events. The group also coordinates with local, State, and federal agencies on statewide training and preparation for major air releases. OER develops and maintains internal response protocols within the fundamental framework of the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) and its formal ICS, making response actions and procedures congruent with regional, state, and national response actions. A thorough overview of ARB’s capabilities and response procedures is provided as Appendix C of the ARB/CAPCOA July 2013 Project Plan for this study. Preparedness and Response Programs OER is prepared to respond to many types of intentional or unintentional air release incidents and natural disasters. Trained field staff generates data about air quality impacts, including chemical identity and concentration, potential exposure scenarios, geographic dispersion, and toxicological analysis of air concentrations. Field assets generate ambient concentration data for particulates and a range of toxic industrial compounds. Together, these assets support IC decisions for protective actions, including evacuation, shelter-in-place, and re-entry. These assessments also form the basis of emergency public health advisories. During non-emergency times, OER participates in regular planning, preparedness, and systems assessment efforts. Stationary and Deployable Equipment OER uses both stationary and portable air quality measurement equipment. This equipment provides air contamination assessments and forecasts either remotely or on-scene, depending on circumstances and need. The equipment is always maintained in a condition of active preparedness. Staff also has the responsibility of investigating means, methods, and techniques to meet OERs mission more effectively. OER uses data from existing stationary air monitoring networks when available and deploys portable monitoring equipment in regions lacking these resources. See Table E-1 for a list of OERs deployable equipment.
Decontamination/Logistics, Medical, Science, and Survey. They are capable of rapid response to chemical, biological, and radiological threats. The CSTs can provide expert advice to the on-scene IC via its electronic “reach-back” capabilities through the Unified Command Suite (UCS). Live reach-back to federal intelligence centers allows the CST and the IC to consult with civilian experts in science and medicine. The CST deploys to incident locations by the most expeditious means possible. The team is equipped to transport its assets by ground, helicopter, and fixed wing air platforms. Analytical Services CST deployment teams are self-contained with respect to air contaminant monitoring, sampling, analysis, and modeling. All necessary tools (e.g., plume dispersion model data processing via NARAC or IMAAC) are or available through reach-back to a federal technical center. Consequently, CSTs do not use or provide any third party analytical services. Other Supporting State Entities Preparedness and Response Programs Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) The DTSC Emergency Response Program (ERP) in Sacramento provides statewide response to actual and potential releases of hazardous substances (solid, liquid, or airborne) that pose an acute threat to public health and/or the environment. The ERP interacts with a number of other State, federal, and local agencies in carrying out these emergency response activities. Requests for assistance are available 24 hours a day, and are handled by the emergency response duty officer. California Department of Public Health (CDPH) CDPHs primary emergency response duties associated with major toxic air releases include conducting hospital preparedness exercises and providing situational analysis concerning potential air exposure treatments to emergency healthcare. Stationary and Deployable Equipment DTSC DTSC employs a combination of internal resources including field response technicians, specialized portable equipment and instrumentation, and external environmental contractors to complete its duties. DTSCs hand held instruments are used for routine field work measuring known chemicals, but can be used for air sampling during emergency response. All of DTSC’s deployable equipment resources are listed in Table E-5 and Appendix B.