Behavior how an organism reacts to organisms or its own environment Internal Environment a reaction of the body of the organism. Ex: illnesses, hunger, thirst, mating External Environment A reaction to the surroundings of the organism Ex: weather, scents, predators Innate Behavior A behavior that the organism is born with, not learned Ex: reflexes, instincts, migration, hibernation Learned Behaviors Developing new behaviors with experience or practice Ex: imprinting, trial and error, conditioning, reasoning 2 Innate Behaviors A behavior that is not learned but built into the animal Reflexes an action that happens without thinking about it Ex: eyes dilating with bright lights, armadillo jumping straight up when startled Instincts complex unlearned behavior with several steps Ex: spinning a web, in a snake Migration movement of animals based on seasons and food supply Ex: Humming birds, monarch butterflies, caribou Hibernation body temperature, blood and activity decreases during the winter Ex: bears, bats, chipmunks, reptiles slow down during estivation 3
Learned Behaviors A behavior that is thought out, reasoned, or solved Imprinting an attachment to an organism right after birth Ex: lamb to the human who feeds it, sea turtle return to place of birth Trial and Error Repetition of an action a solution is found Ex: buttoning a shirt, opening a box of food Conditioning Modified behavior for a specific outcome Ex: penguins going to the trainers with the food, birds avoid insects that taste bad Cognitive Thinking, reasoning, and solving problems Ex: raven reasons to pull a string for food, bird uses cactus spines to dig for grubs 4 Communications Interactions with each other for protection, locating members, warning of danger, food supplies, mating Sound Crickets chirp Dolphins use clicks and whistles sing Wolves howl, bark Grouse drum their wings Light Fireflies Fish to lure in prey Squid to coordinate movements Cookie cutter shark Chemicals-pheromones Release chemicals for Mating – flies Warnings – skunk Danger – squid Food – ants Territory – dog urinating Body Language Parrot bobs head when content, happy but crunches up when stressed Dogs wag tail when happy Cats bare teeth in warning 6 Societies
Compare and Contrast External Development Internal Development 2. An embryo develops Outside the mother________ ________________________ 3. An embryo develops Inside the mother_________ ________________________ 4. An embryo gets nourishment from the ____yolk_______ 5. An embryo gets nourishment from ___the mother’s tissue____ or from __a yolk inside the mother__ 6. A zygote grows by __mitosis__ and cell division until it becomes an embryo. 7. A zygote grows by __mitosis__ and cell division until it becomes an embryo. 8. The young hatch from eggs ___outside the mother___ _______________________ 9. The young developing inside eggs hatch from ___inside the mother_______ _________________________ and then _leaves the mother’s body__ 10 Gestation Length of time between fertilization and birth Usually the smaller the animal the shorter the gestational time Humans 266 days Whale 457-548 days Rabbit 25-28 days Panda 95-160 days Giraffe 457 days Kangaroo 33 days Elephant 670 days Tiger 103 days Metamorphosis Developmental process in which the form of the body changes as an animal grows from an egg to an adult 11