Syllabic – One note per syllable. Major – Happy, positive sounding. Minor – Sad, scary, tense sounding. Atonal – Not major or minor – uses dissonance – doesn’t sound nice. Forms - Binary – 2 sections – A & B Ternary – 3 sections A B A Rondo – Lots of sections with A repeated eg. A – B – A – C–A – D Theme & Variations – Main theme is played and then changed in a different way each variation eg. put into minor key, notes added to tune, different beats in a bar. Minuet & Trio - dance with 3 beats in a bar. Alberti bass - Broken chords played by the left hand on the piano. Low - high – middle – high. Walking Bass – Notes move on every beat. Ground Bass - A theme in the bass which is repeated many times while the higher parts change. Broken chord – Notes of the chord played separately. Vamp – Boom cha accompaniment. Bass note then chord.
Simple time – Each beat splits into 2 equal parts – Compound time – Each beat splits into 3 equal parts – JIGG-I-TY. Aria – Main song in an opera. Shows off the singers ability-tuneful. Cadence – Last 2 chords in a phrase. Perfect Cadence = sounds finished Imperfect Cadence = sounds unfinished. Tierce De Picardi – Minor piece last chord major. Pedal – Low note held on or repeated while other parts change. Inverted Pedal - High note held on/repeated while other parts change Modulation – Change of key. Voices – Highest to lowest Soprano Soprano FEMALE Alto
Tenor Baritone MALE Bass Tempo Meaning Allegro Fast Moderato Moderate tempo Andante Walking Pace Adagio Slow Accelerando getting faster Rallentando getting slower Rubato robbed time – speeding up or slowing down to suit the mood of the piece. TEMPOS – SPEEDS DYNAMICS – LOUDS & QUIETS
Melody Harmony Rhythm Tempo Instruments and how they are used Dynamics Repetition Sequence Imitation Modulation Chords/ Discords Broken Chords Suspensions Scales: Major/Minor, Chromatic, Pentatonic Question & Answer Glissando Homophonic/ Polyphonic Ornaments: trill, grace notes Legato /Staccato Unison/Harmony Pedal Melismatic/ Syllabic Syncopation Repetition Ostinato Anacrusis Beats in a bar / Time Signature: 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, Simple Time 6/8 – Compound Time Speed: Allegro – Fast Adagio – Slow Andante – walking pace Moderato – moderate Speed Changes: Accelerando – faster Rallentando – slower Rubato – with freedom Dotted Rhythms Scotch Snap Brass – Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba Woodwind – Piccolo, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon, Saxophone, Recorder Strings – Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Harp Percussion – Xylophone, Glockenspiel, Timpani, Triangle, Snare Drum, Drumkit, Bass Drum, Tambourine, Castanets Keyboard – Piano, Synthesizer, Harpsichord, Organ, Celeste Voices – Soprano, Mezzo Soprano, Alto, Counter Tenor, Tenor, Baritone, Bass Guitars – Electric, Acoustic, Bass, Banjo Solo, Melody, Countermelody Accompaniment, Chords, Broken Chords Glissando, Arpeggios Arco – Grace notes, ornaments Muted, Pizzicato - plucked Col Legno – wood of bow, Double Stopping Female: Soprano, Mezzo Soprano, Alto Male: Tenor, Baritone, Bass Countertenor – high like a woman. Solo; Accompaniment; Melody; Countermelody pp – pianissimo – very p – piano – quiet. mp – mezzo piano – moderately quiet. mf – forte – moderately loud. f – forte – loud. ff – fortissimo – very loud Changes of dynamic crescendo – getting louder diminuendo – getting quieter.