Roojen (1993) also revealed that a generally accepted theory is that it was introduced by people from the Indian Sub-continents, which are known to have travelled to Southeast Asia as early as 1000 AD. Indian trade textiles exported during the second millennium were very popular in Southeast Asia, and some of these were decorated using a wax resist technique. Moreover Roojen (1993), he further declared that it was in java that resist dye methods of decorating fabric was developed to unprecedented heights and into unique art for. However, Dunsmore (1996) substantiated the claims that in West Africa resist is an ancient tradition that it is practiced with the main centers of production in West Africa, in Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra-leone and the Gambia. Kerlogue (2007) also came into conclusion that the earliest known written reference to “batik” is almost certainly in the Dutch bill of landing of 1641 connected with a shipmecel of cargo from Bataria in Java to Bengkuluos the West coast of Samatra. However it is the researcher’s opinion that whether the word was used to refer to precisely we call “batik” today is uncertain. Due to many years of practical experience Quick (1977) came to the conclusion that batik is a resist technique for applying colour and design to fabric and that each colour dye protected by wax coating before the next colour is applied. Furthermore, Dunsmore (1996) attested to this evidence that resist dyeing technique patterns are created on ( usually on dyed cotton or silk) by painting or stenciling design in wax, rice or cassava paste, mud or some other dye assistance substance on the area intended to retain their original colour after dyeing. Patterns are applied in hot wax into a piece of un-dyed cloth, usually cotton. Colour plays an important role in batik making and a result informed (Bochlke, (2005) to come up with the claims that on achromatic patters, white (cloth colour) and dark brown
Training of 20 members on selection of dyes suitable for batik making by August 2014 To conduct training on; - chemicals and supplies needed for dyeing of dyes -Dye mixing techniques -Dyeing conditions (e.g optimum dyeing temperature) -Actual dyeing -Pre washing to remove invisible finishes, drying -Transport -Funds -Stationeries -Training materials Mid August 2014 CED Student, Trainer. Training of 20 members on the dying process of batik To conduct training on; - Identifying various for making patterns -Actual process of making patterns Transport -Stationeries -Training materials Mid August 2014 CED Student, Trainer. To identify the marketing for selling batik by late August 2014 To conduct training on; -Identifying marketing areas -Identifying potential customers -Signing business contracts. Transport -Funds -Stationeries -Training materials Late August 2014 CED student, trainer
4.3.2 Implementation Plan – Logical Framework Matrix (LFM) Logical Frame Work involves an analysis and documentation of objectives and output/results, what shall be done to achieve the objectives (activities), how (the means), and the potential assumptions. Table 4. 2 Implementation Plan – Logical Framework Matrix (LFM) Summary of Objectives and Activities Objectively Verifiable Indicators Means/Source of Verification(MOV) Assumptions Goal: Improving the Livelihoods of Sandali Ward Community(Temeke) Improved Livelihood through quality Batik cloth Production Observations Interview Transact Walk Training and field Visits Availability of experienced trainers Availability of Production material Production sites in place Active participation of target groups Specific Objectives Training of 20 members on the selection material for Batik by Mid August 2014 a)20 Members trained b)Identification of needed batik c) identifying textual differences in material d) Provision of Batik material to each member Training Participatory Observation Interview Consultation of Experienced producers of Batik Availability of selection material Active participation of Trainers Commitment of target to participate Finance for purchasing selected material Attainable training goals
c) Outsourcing business partners d) Establishment of selling patterns Interview with prospective customers Retention of many Customers Expected Outputs Production of quality Batik products(Clothes) Quantitative Supply of Batik Clothes Improving social Livelihoods of group members Improving Production capacity through innovation and training Acquisition of advanced Batik production Techniques a)Competitive quality b)Attaining of stable income levels by trained group c) higher customer retention d) High Sales Volume Observations Interview Consultation with Trainers, Customers and Targeted group Members Training targets attained Quality production targets attained Competitive Market share attained Intended volume of sales achieved Targeted % of income levels improved Activities To 20 members on Batik Production Training target Members advanced Methods of quality Batik Production To equip targeted Members on strategic Market techniques To train target members on basic ways of a)Inputs Material for Batik dying and production b)Experienced Trainers c) Batik Production Training Manual d) Transport e) Food and refreshments gnnPurchase and sale c Number of customers served weekly No of Batik Weekly Produced % of profits attained Amount of cost incurred for Batik Production Existence of lstable Financial support Availability of Adequate resources Availability of active Batik production Members Availability of stable markets
expanding Batik entrepreneurship ways e) Training targeted members on business management techniques f)Funds g) supply High Demand for Products/Clothes 4.4 Inputs Requirements for Project Implementation The inputs required for accomplishing project objectives and activities are shown table 4.3...below Table 4. 3 Project Inputs Inputs Costs(Tsh) Consultancy costs Training cost Training venue Training materials/manual Transport 200,000 500,000 100,000 200,000 50,000 TOTAL 1,050,000 Source: Survey 2014 4.5 Staffing Pattern The following table shows staffing plan and training needs of the project staff and their roles. Table 4. 4 Project Staffing
The first step in preparation of modern batik clothes by using candles method was to prepare/cut a garment of three metres and let the candles to melts, and then trainees took selected drawings and started drawing /stamping. Second step was preparation of solution by putting 5 tea spoon of caustic soda, 4 tea spoons Sodium and two and half teaspoon of any chosen colour into three litres of boiling water. But, if you opt to use two different colours for example green and yellow colours, you take 1.5 teaspoon full from each colours. They allowed a mixture to cool and they added some water and they were continued to stir the solution in order to simplify the process of soaking of garment during batik clothes production. Then they dipped a piece of batik clothes into the cold water with colours for ten to fifteen minutes during this stage. After the elapse batik clothes were removed from the solution of cold water and placed into ground ready for drying. Finally decorated batik clothes were dipped in hot water in order to ensure that all remain part of candles are removed. Moreover batik clothes were rinsed in clean water and place in sun for final drying. In the photographs, batik clothes decoration procedures in different stages are shown from Figures 12-18 . In Figure 18, trainer demonstrating to JWG members on how to use candles (wax) method by placing a piece of cloth on table ready for decoration activity. Below photographs trainees practiced stamping activity under supervision of trainer during practical training as shown in above figures. Figure 4. 7 A trainer stamped by using candle method. Figure 4. 8 JWG members participate in stamping activity.
5. 1 Participatory Monitoring Plan Work plan activities objective Objective verifiable Importance of monitoring person How gathering planned delivery time of training - To know training needs of the target group trainings -Target groups attended trainings -Know the gap and train what is real needed by the target group - CED student - CBO members -Training needs assessment report January, 2014 of resources ( Human and financial resources) - To know and get trainers and funds for training. - Acquired resources. - To have valuable resources for of the project. - CED student, - CBO members - CBO leaders. -Human and finance resource report January, 2014 Preparation of training materials/ Training Manual. - To get training manual for guide training. - training manual - Having a tool of training - CED student -Training report and Manual January – 2014 of training venue - To have venue for training - Acquire for training - To - CED student - CBO members - Leaders -Visiting training venue March – April, 2014 Acquiring required training resources - To acquire training materials - Acquired training materials To be well organized before starting trainings - CED student -Training resources report April, 2014 Meeting with target group leaders to and confirm training schedule - Acquitting group leaders and members the intention of trainings - leaders meeting. To make training move smoothly and as planned. - CED student -Trainers -Visiting the CBO leaders -CBO leaders meeting minutes April, 2014
5.5 Project evaluation Summary Table 5.3 Project Evaluation Summary Project Objectives Performance Indicators Expected Outcomes Actual Outcomes 1 Training of 20 members on selection of materials suitable for batik making -Number of CBO members trained -Identification of needed batik -Identification of texture differences of batik materials -Increase sales turn over -Production of quality batik products -Quantitative supply of batik products -Improving social livelihood of group members -Improving production capacity through innovation and training -Acquisition of advanced batik production techniques. -Sales turn over increased -Increased production of quality batik products -Increased quantitative supply of batik products -Improving social livelihood of members -Improving production capacity through innovation and training -Acquisition of advanced batik production techniques. 2 Training of 20 members on selection of dyes suitable for batik making -Number of targeted group trained -Identification of chemicals needed for making -Knowledge on dye mixing techniques -Increase sales turn over -Production of quality batik products -Quantitative supply of batik products -Improving social livelihood of group members -Improving production capacity through innovation and training -Acquisition of advanced batik turn over increased -Increased production of quality batik products -Increased quantitative supply of batik products -Improving social livelihood of group members -Improving production capacity through innovation and training -Acquisition of advanced batik production techniques.
production techniques. 3 Training of 20 members on dyeing process -Number of target group trained -Techniques of dyeing conditions eg, the use of hot water number of minutes required when dyeing different types of batik. -Increase sales turn over -Production of quality batik products -Quantitative supply of batik products -Improving social livelihood of group members -Improving production capacity through innovation and training -Acquisition of advanced batik production techniques. -Sales turn over increased -Increased production of quality products -Increased quantitative supply of batik products -Improving social livelihood of members -Improving production capacity through innovation and training -Acquisition of advanced batik production techniques. 4 Identifying marketing for selling batik products - Number of target group trained -Signing business contract -Receiving tenders of batik products -Identifying potential customers -Increase sales turn over -Production of quality batik products -Quantitative supply of batik products -Improving social livelihood of group members -Improving production capacity through innovation and training -Acquisition of advanced batik production techniques. -Sales turn over increased -Increased production of quality batik products -Increased quantitative supply of batik products -Improving social livelihood of group members -Improving production capacity through innovation and training -Acquisition of advanced production techniques. Soucre: Survey, 2014
Community Assessment Active/passive participation Safety, poverty, housing| shelter Community assets Number of people per household Households characteristics Education Observation combined with transect walk Interviews - semi structured interviews and key informative interviews Questionnaires Focus group discussions Documentary sources Economic Assessment Economic activities: business, what types and size of business, percentage of population engaged in business, formal and informal employment Key employment opportunities. Agriculture and livestock, production Income per person Income generating groups Observation Questionnaires Focus group discussions Environmental Assessment Natural resources: source of water, Climate-rainfall, Land and shelter Observation Focus Group Discussion Transect walk Health Assessment Kind and of health facilities Whom is a major health provider-Government or private Interviews (Key informative interview and structured interview) Observation combined with transect walk Documentary sources Community organizations/ institutions List types or kind of organization Activities and their roles impact on community /society Focus group discussions