the ECM was installed on September 14, the motor still operated 24/7 but with a reduced power of 21 watts. Energy and demand savings for this measure are achieved by the reduction in motor operating power. Additional savings come from refrigeration interactive effects. Because ECMs are more efficient and use less power, they introduce less heat into the refrigerated space compared to the baseline motors and result in a reduction in cooling load on the refrigeration system. Evaporator Fan Controls As demonstrated in the previous section, baseline uncontrolled evaporator fan motors usually operate continuously at constant speed. Evaporator fans controls reduce fan run time or speed depending on the call for cooling, thus saving energy and reducing demand. Figure 10 and Figure 11 show evaporator fan motor controls installed on evaporator fan boxes. Figure . Example of EF Motor Controls in Walk-In Cooler Figure . Example of EF Controller for ECM The evaluation team observed two types of evaporator fan controls: Multispeed controls change the speed of the motors in response to the call for cooling. ON/OFF controls turn the motors on and off in response to the call for cooling. Figure 12 and Figure 13 shows examples of these two control methods. Both figures show one-minute interval power data over a one-hour period. Figure 12 shows an example of a fan power when operating with multispeed controls. The operating power of a multispeed control fluctuates from high to low power at seven- to eight-minute intervals. Figure . Example of Operating Power for EF Motor with Multispeed Controls Figure 13 shows and example of ON/OFF controls. The power of an ON/OFF style control fluctuates between ON and OFF in seven- to eight-minute intervals. Figure . Example of Operating Power for EF Motor with ON/OFF Controls For the multispeed controls, energy and demand savings come from a reduction in operating and run time (multispeed motors can also turn OFF). For the ON/OFF controls, savings come from a reduction in run time. Because evaporator fan controls reduce motor operating power and/or run time,
. PJM Peak Savings for EF Motors and Controls Equipment Type PJM Peak Savings (W/hp) Relative Precision (%) Equipment Only Equipment and Interactive (Cooler)* Equipment and Interactive (Freezer)* 90% Confidence 80% Confidence SP to ECM Retrofit 1,156 1,607 2,048 5% 4% EF Controls on SP Motor (All) 536 746 950 3% 3% EF Controls on SP Motor (OnOff) 544 756 963 4% 4% EF Controls on SP Motor (MS) 529 736 938 5% 5% EF Controls on ECM (All) 195 271 345 2% 2% EF Controls on ECM (OnOff) 197 275 350 3% 3% EF Controls on ECM (MS) 192 267 341 4% 4% *Interactive savings are averaged over the weather regions shown in section 3.5.3 because the variation among regions was less than 1%. Anti-Sweat Door Heater Controls In this section, we present the key savings metrics for ASDH controls in three categories: all controls, an overall average of all control styles (including the unknown controls from the secondary dataset); ON/OFF controls, an average of only ON/OFF-style controls; and Micropulse controls, an average of micropulse-style controls only. Annual Energy Savings Table 48 show the annual energy savings in kWh/door for each combination of ASDH controls. Table 48. Annual Energy Savings for ASDH Controls Equipment Type Annual Energy Savings (kWh/door) Relative Precision (%) Equipment Only Equipment and Interactive (Cooler)* Equipment and Interactive (Freezer)* 90% Confidence 80% All Controls 515 646 773 5% 4% On/Off Controls 364 456 546 11% 9% Micropulse Controls 547 686 821 7% 5% *Interactive savings are averaged over the weather regions shown in section 3.5.3 because the variation among regions was less than 1%.
Equipment Only Equipment and Interactive (Cooler)* Equipment and Interactive (Freezer)* 90% Confidence 80% All Controls 55 69 83 6% 5% On/Off Controls 39 49 59 13% 10% Micropulse Controls 56 70 84 9% 7% *Interactive savings are averaged over the weather regions in section 3.5.3 because the variation among regions was less than 1%. Table . PJM Summer Peak Savings for ASDH Controls Equipment Type PJM Peak Savings (W/door) Relative Precision (%) Equipment Only Equipment and Interactive (Cooler)* Equipment and Interactive (Freezer)* 90% Confidence 80% All Controls 57 72 86 6% 5% On/Off Controls 41 52 62 12% 9% Micropulse Controls 58 73 88 8% 6% *Interactive savings are averaged over the weather regions shown in section 3.5.3 because the variation among regions was less than 1%.
Appendix . Secondary Data Review . Descriptions of Secondary Data Sources ID Title Reference Description Relevance for the NEEP CRL Study Use Metering Data 1 Primary DMI metering data for coolers/ freezers in grocery stores, restaurants, and supermarkets Primary metering data used to support: 2012 MA Custom Refrigeration Evaluation 2009 National Grid Custom Process Evaluation 2007 National Grid Custom Process Evaluation Site Data: Facility type, location, cooler/freezer for evaporator fan and ASDH controls installed at seven sites. Duty cycle, median, average, min, max power. Pre- and post-installation motor W for evaporator fans. Evaporator Fan Motor Data: Less than 10 minutes of one-second interval data including instantaneous, average, max, and min motor power, voltage, and amps. One month of ON/OFF motor run time Oct/Nov. ASDH Control Data: Less than 10 minutes of one-second interval data including instantaneous, average, max, and min motor power, voltage, and amps. One month of ON/OFF motor run time. One month of one-minute amp readings on anti-sweat heaters in October and November. Provides evaporator fan and heater power and run-time data for shoulder season in Massachusetts. Used for evaporator fan motors and ASDH evaluation 2 Primary KEMA/DNV-GL metering data for coolers/ freezers in supermarkets and farms Primary metering data used to support MA 2011 PY Custom Program. Site Data: Facility type, location, cooler/freezer for evaporator fan and anti-sweat heater controls installed at seven sites. Duty cycle, median, average, min, max power. Pre- and motor W for evaporator fans. Evaporator Fan Data: 1—2 months of 5—10-minute interval power, voltage, amps. Nov-Feb. ASDH Control Data: Data evaporator fan and anti-sweat heater power data for winter season in Massachusetts. Used for evaporator fan motors and ASDH evaluation
1—2 months of 5—10-minute interval power, voltage, amps. Nov-Feb. 3 Primary Michaels/EMI metering data for coolers/ freezers in retail stores Primary metering data used to support CT 2013 evaluation Post-installation amp metering for evaporator fans and ASDH. Evaporator Fan Motor Data: 1-2 months of 5-minute interval amps. Jun-Aug. ASDH Control Data: 1-2 months of 5-minute interval amps. Jun-Aug. Shows amp data for evaporator fans and ASDH in summer months; however, no hp, motor type, control type, or quantity of motors or doors is provided. Not used (not hp data available) Reports / Work 1 Efficiency Maine Commercial TRM Prescriptive Refrigeration: Evaporator Fan Control for Cooler/Freezer, Code R10. 2013, August 30. Retrieved from Commercial Technical Reference Manual Version 2014.1: Provides key assumptions for Maine on evaporator fan motor controls and ASDH controls. For evaporator fans, assumptions include pre- and post-installation motor load, duty cycle of compressor, impact of interactive effects, in service rates, energy and demand realization rates, summer and winter coincidence factors, free ridership, spillover, equipment life, and equipment cost. For ASDH controls, assumptions include heater load, savings factor, impact of interactive effects, in service rates, energy and demand realization rates, summer and winter coincidence factors, free ridership, spillover, equipment life, and equipment cost. Pre- and post-installation assumptions for evaporator fan controls and ASDH controls in Maine. Qualitative 2 Energy Savings Potential and R&D Opportunities for Commercial Refrigeration Navigant Consulting, Inc. 2009. Energy Savings Potential and R&D Opportunities for Commercial Refrigeration. Provides equipment specifications and duty cycle assumptions for evaporator fan controls, ECMs, and ASDHs. Also calculates potential energy savings and payback period for a typical walk-in cooler consuming 42,182 kWh/yr and a typical walk-in freezer consuming 15,524 kWh/yr. Operating assumptions and estimated savings for evaporator fan motor controls, ECMs, and ASDH controls. Qualitative
3 EnergyIdeas Clearinghouse Product & Technology Review EnergyIdeas Clearinghouse. 2008, December. Product and Technology Reviews: Frigitek® Control. Retrieved from EnergyIdeas Clearinghouse: Provides Frigitek manufacturer’s savings claims on evaporator fan motor controls. Also includes assumptions on motor efficiency, rpm, duty cycle, and costs. Operating assumptions and estimated savings for evaporator fan controls. Qualitative 4 Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Arthur D. Little. (1996). Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment. Provides assumptions for on pre- and duty cycle for evaporator fan controls and annual savings estimations for evaporator fan controls and ASDH controls. Operating assumptions and estimated savings for evaporator fan controls and ASDH controls. Qualitative 5 Efficient Evaporator Fan Motors (Shaded Pole to ECM) Southern California Edison Company. (2007). Efficient Evaporator Fan Motors (Shaded Pole to ECM). Provides estimated savings and input assumptions for SP to ECM retrofits. Estimated savings and assumptions are provided for coolers and freezers for restaurants and grocery stores. Operating assumptions and estimated savings for SP to ECM retrofits for restaurants and grocery. Qualitative 6 Response to questions on Anti-Sweat Heater (ASH) Control Savings Work Paper Memo between Cadmus and CLEAResult (November 2012). Response to questions on Anti-Sweat Heater (ASH) Control Savings Work Paper Savings and key assumptions for low temperature and medium temperature ASDH controls from six sources. Savings include kWh/linear foot and kW/linear foot. Key assumptions include ASH power and EEER. Savings were calculated for the El Dorado, Arizona, climate zone using 8,760 data. Key assumptions for ASDH controls. Qualitative 7 Field Testing of ECMs for Supermarket Display Cases Foster-Miller, Inc. 1995. Testing of Electronically Commutated Motors for Supermarket Display Cases Provides energy and demand savings results from field testing of ECMs in a 29-door frozen food case in a 42,000 sq ft supermarket in Menlo Park, California. Measurements were taken over three months before and after the motors were installed. Energy savings of ECM retrofits from field testing in Menlo Park, California. Qualitative
8 RTF Anti-sweat Heater Controls Workbook v2.0 Regional Technical 2013, October 9. Commercial: Grocery - Anti-Sweat Heater Controls v2.0. Retrieved from Regional Technical Forum Provides possible pre- and post-installation energy consumptions of ASDH controls and explanation of sources. Estimated pre- and energy consumption data for ASDH controls. Qualitative 9 RTF Walk-in Evaporator Fan ECM Motor Controls Workbook v1.2 Regional Technical 2014, March 19. Commercial: Grocery - Walk-in Evaporator Fan ECM Motor Controllers v1.2. Retrieved from Regional Technical Forum Provides possible evaporator fan run time, EER, and fan speed after installation of controls installed on ECMs and gives explanation of sources. Key assumptions for evaporator fan controls installed on ECMs. Qualitative 10 RTF Walk-in Evaporator Fan Shaded Pole Motor Controls Workbook v1.0 Regional Technical Forum. 2012, December 11. Commercial: Grocery - Walk-in Evaporator Fan Shaded Pole Motor Controllers v1.0. Retrieved from Regional Technical Forum Provides possible evaporator fan motor power, EER, and fan speed after installation of controls on SP motor and gives explanation of sources. Key assumptions for evaporator fan controls installed on SP motors. Qualitative