Change (improvement) in resource recovery rate Up to 15% Up to 38% Up to 14% CO2-e avoided through diversion of material from landfill 7.5 kt/annum 1.9 kt/annum 1.4 Additional FO recovered 25 kt/annum 5.6 kt/annum 3.8 kt/annum *households Performance standards To realise the benefits of implementing preferred service standards there are several key performance requirements that relate to the yield of recyclables, recycling rates and contamination levels that need to be achieved, refer to Section 3.5. These include: Stream Net yield per household (kg/hhld/week) Contaminated bins Household capture rate Contamination rate Comingled recycling ≥ 5.0kg - Metropolitan ≥ 4.0kg Non-Metropolitan ≤ 5% ≥ 75% ≤ 15% GO ≥ 6.0kg - Metropolitan ≥ 5.5kg Non-Metropolitan ≤ 3% ≥ 90% ≤ 1.5% FOGO ≥ 9.0kg - Metropolitan ≥ 8.0kg Non-Metropolitan ≤ 3% ≥ 50% - FO ≥ 90% - GO ≤ 3% These performance benchmarks reflect standards which are being achieved by Victorian councils implementing services aligned with the preferred service standards. Some councils have achieved higher performance standards and they may reasonably expect to realise greater benefits than have been previously stated. Acknowledging the variability between councils, this report provides evidence and analysis that will assist councils to fully assess the benefits of greater consistency in kerbside recycling and preferred service standards detailed in OKCS.
The environmental factors calculated were resource recovery rate and greenhouse gas emissions. The resource recovery rate considered the impact of both the bin infrastructure and education delivered to households. The greenhouse gas emissions considered emissions arising from landfill, processing, transfer and collection. In all cases, the large majority (>80%) of emissions arise from landfilled material, particularly organic material that is landfilled. National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER) factors for all materials were used to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions arising from landfill. Input data As detailed in Section 3, the data analysed and used in the modelling was acquired from a combination of: Detailed review of compositional audit data; VLGAWS (number of services, households, tonnes and cost per service); VLGPRF (confirmation of VLGAWS data); and MWRRG (guidance on disposal, recycling and organics gate fees). To identify the impacts of implementing differing kerbside collection systems across Victoria a of assumptions were considered in the analysis which included, but was not limited to, the changes in recovery of each core material category, system costs, types and sizes of vehicles used, disposal and reprocessing locations for each material stream collected. The characteristics used to describe the representative councils as well as the assumptions used in modelling the impact of different service configurations are detailed in the following sections. When reviewing these assumptions, a council will identify differences between the modelled scenarios and their specific situation. The impact of these differences is discussed to enable councils to understand how the benefits and impacts might differ in their situation. Metropolitan versus non-metropolitan Key service performance indicators were reviewed to verify whether the analysis method adequately considered differences between metropolitan and non-metropolitan councils. A clear difference between metropolitan and non-metropolitan councils was identified for cost per tonne and cost per service (or household). These differences were linked to: Proximity to recycling facilities (e.g. MRFs) (see Figure 10); Applicable landfill levy and gate fees; and Waste generation. Figure 10 Proximity of metropolitan Melbourne to MRFs (30km boundary) The figures below (Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13) show the service costs for metropolitan and regions. The results distinguish between kerbside collection systems: 2 bin; 3-bin universal and 3-bin optional. Universal services describe services that are compulsory for all households, whereas, optional describes a service where households can opt in or opt out of collections e.g. optional organics collection. Figure 11 Cost per for metropolitan and non-metropolitan councils