EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY GUIDE KEY Intro Unit The branch of earth science that deals with the Earth’s history and structure is called? Geology Can a metric ruler be used to find the volume of a regular solid? If so, HOW? Yes. Length X width X height Can meters be used to measure the volume of a liquid? If so, HOW? Yes 1 mL = 1 cm3 A unit for density is g/L. Give an example of how this information can be used. The mass of an object divided by the volume ; D = m/v If we were to measure the distance from Charlotte to Mobile, AL, what metric unit of measurement should we use? km Oil floats on top of water. What does this mean with regards to its DENSITY? Oil is less dense than water. Can meters be used to measure the volume of a liquid? If so, HOW? Yes 1 mL = 1 cm3 Identify and describe the steps of the Scientific Method? What would a scientist do to test a hypothesis? Determine the independent and dependent variables. Control as much as possible. Recorded observations or measurements are called data and can be displayed…HOW? Quantitatively (Numerical in a chart) or Qualitatively (in descriptive words) At the end of an experiment, a scientist forms a conclusion. A visual display of data or information is called a Graph For statements A-D, determine which step in the scientific method is being described. Hypothesis A. Spencer said, “If I fertilize my ferns, they will grow faster” Experiment B. Bobby grew bacteria from his mouth on special plates in the lab. He placed different mouthwashes on the plates. Astronomy (EEn 1.1) What is the shape of a planet’s orbit? elipse
How can triangulation be used to find the earthquake? (Include the relationship between the speed of the p and s waves in your explanation.) The seismometers will only work out how far the wave has travelled and not the direction. By information from three seismometers, you can calculate the epicentre, which is where all three distances meet: this process is called triangulation. In the diagram (to the of the faults, label the type of fault with the following terms: strike-slip, reverse, and normal. Why are seismic of an earthquake more strongly felt at the epicenter of an earthquake? As the travel through the Earth, they lose energy. The closer you are to the epicenter, the stronger the earthquake. Annotate a world map showing plate boundaries by type and hotspots. In Figure 3-1, label the process or processes would be occurring in the blank parts of the rock cycle. If granite undergoes high temperatures and high pressures at depth within Earth, what type of rock will be formed? Assume that the granite does not melt. Metamorphic Rock The groups of rocks are classified by... how they are formed What is the difference between and lava? magma is inside the Earth, lava is at the Earth’s surface. Where would the energy source be found which drives the processes that form igneous and metamorphic rocks? The convection current within the mantel The process that occurs when physical forces rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock’s chemical composition is called Mechanical/physical weathering Which weathering process involves the constant freezing and thawing of water? Frost/Ice wedging (mechanical) List several types of chemical weathering. Acid rain can dissolution of limestone Oxidation = Rusting of iron into iron oxides Hydrolisis = water breaking down the chemical structure of a rock/mineral List several types of mechanical weathering. frost wedging exfoliation - rock breaking into smaller pieces animal wear How would acid rain cause the inscription on a marble gravestone to become harder and harder to read over time?
Sustainability (EEn 2.8) SOLAR WIND HYDRO NUCLEAR BIOMASS / BIOFUEL FOSSIL FUELS PROS Requires less energy Affordable easy access Provides a large amount of energy ~Reduce dependency of out of state/foreign energy ~Clean energy ~converts into fuel No pollution Most effective form of energy CONS expensive Requires large amounts of land must be moving at high speeds Dangerous, difficult to dispose waste Releases small amounts of energy ~Expensive starter cost ~Cannot be transported to generation sights Causes large amounts of pollutions ENV. IMPACT None Loss of usable land None Increase in radioactive waste None None Global warming What technology is…. Used in the mountain regions of North Carolina Used in the Raleigh area Creates recreational areas but prevents spawning Using land and sea breezes in coastal North Carolina