4. Goal: Increase the Shoebill’s population size and maintain its current range Indicators: Long-term: Species removed from globally threatened categories on the IUCN Red List and from Column A, category 1 of the AEWA Table 1 Mid-term: Stability / increase in well-monitored sub-populations Purpose: Improve the current conservation status and knowledge base of the Shoebill within the next 10 years. Objectives: Reduce mortality and loss of birds Minimise and control principal factors lowering productivity Significantly reduce further loss, fragmentation and deterioration of habitat Fill key knowledge gaps about the Shoebill, including development of a long term knowledge base Results: Table 5. Results, indicators and means of verification Result Indicators Means of verification Legal trade does not impact on the population National trade bans maintained Strict adherence to provisions in case current bans are lifted Management agreements for Shoebill under WAZA No negative impact on wild populations through any resumption of legal trade National legislation CITES trade database Shoebill Global Species Management Plan (GSMP) proposal submitted to WAZA by Range States National trade data; WAZA publications and monitoring of WAZA institutions Illegal trade is minimised Improved protection measures for Shoebills in all Range States Enhanced surveillance Communities, customs, officers and other law enforcement officers, and prosecutors aware of legal status of Shoebill and relevant protection measures, including trade rules Communities and other stakeholders are aware of consequences of infractions Legislation Site measures (e.g. Shoebill guards) & reports Surveillance reports Questioning / interviews with stakeholders Number of seizures, prosecutions or arrests Impact by livestock is minimised in Shoebill breeding areas Livestock kept away from sensitive areas Shoebill breeding areas protected Pastoralists aware of need to avoid Shoebill territories Livestock data Protection measures adopted & implemented in breeding Pastoralist awareness (e.g. interviews)
Disturbance by fishermen is minimised in breeding areas Fishing communities do not disturb Shoebills, especially during breeding Fishing communities benefit from Shoebill presence through associated projects Fishermen aware of need to avoid Shoebill territories Records from site managers (verification not easy from all sites) Community-based / other activities underway involving fishermen Fishermen awareness (e.g. interviews) Temporary settlements are restricted in breeding areas No new settlements in key Shoebill breeding Site monitoring (reports) Negative impacts of oil & gas exploration and production on Shoebill habitats are minimised and mitigated Shoebill and its habitat are properly catered for in SEAs Transparent EIAs conducted that take full account of Shoebill SEAs available EIA reports Loss, fragmentation and degradation due to agriculture developments are minimised Shoebill areas known and safeguarded against agricultural development Management developed for all Shoebill sites, which include protection measures for Shoebill habitats High ‘positive’ awareness of Shoebills within farming communities EIAs of agricultural plans, with procedures for Shoebill conservation outlined Management plans available for all Shoebill sites, and records to illustrate their implementation Interviews with farming communities Chemical pollution at Shoebill sites is minimised Bylaws regarding chemical pollution developed / implemented Development of bylaws Records of any chemical pollution incidents in Shoebill areas Catchments of Shoebill are sustainably managed Sustainable land use principles in place land use assessments are minimised and controlled in Shoebill habitats High community awareness of fire regulations and destructive impact of Fire regulations enforced Records of fire incidents Interviews with local communities Site records Local communities benefit from the conservation of Shoebills and their habitat Community-based enterprises established, including ecotourism initiatives and other incentives Local communities have capacity to manage Shoebill habitats Local communities actively involved in Shoebill management (e.g. surveillance, monitoring) Community ecotourism and other initiatives up and running; incentives for Shoebill and habitat conservation recognised Measurable capacity increments Community eco-guards / Shoebill guards; guides generation
Impact by livestock is minimised in Shoebill breeding Provide alternative water sources during dry season through management planning Medium Long term Wildlife management authorities Restrict livestock from core breeding areas through management planning High Ongoing Site managers & communities Provide protection status to core breeding areas High Medium Ministries responsible for Wildlife or Wetlands Disturbance by fishermen is minimised in breeding areas Raise awareness amongst fishermen and local communities High Ongoing NGOs & conservation education institutions Develop community-based management plans for core breeding areas, involving local fishing groups High Medium Ministries responsible for Wildlife or Wetlands; NGOs; communities Temporary settlements are restricted in breeding areas Restrict settlements through management planning Medium Ongoing Wildlife management authorities; community leaders; local government Negative impacts of oil & gas exploration and production on Shoebill habitats are minimised and mitigated Ensure Shoebill and its habitats are considered in SEAs High Ongoing Wildlife management authorities Ensure proper EIA is carried out, monitored and evaluated for all steps of oil & gas exploration and production developments, and considers the Shoebill and its habitat requirements High Ongoing Wildlife management authorities Ensure compliance with the EIA approved conditions High Ongoing Wildlife management authorities Loss, fragmentation and degradation due to agriculture developments are minimised Ensure Shoebill habitats are considered in land use planning High Ongoing Wildlife management authorities Develop management plans for Shoebill sites High Medium Ministries responsible for Wildlife or Wetlands; NGOs; communities Raise awareness amongst farming communities, investors and agricultural institutions High Ongoing NGOs; conservation education institutions; wildlife management authorities Develop guidelines for Shoebill-friendly agricultural and other resource uses Low Medium – long term AEWA Shoebill IWG Chemical pollution at Shoebill sites is minimised Develop bylaws for Shoebill sites under wetland policies Medium Medium – Long term Local governments Strengthen cross-sectoral harmonisation and collaboration Low Medium – Long term Local governments; site managers
ANNEX 2: Country Name Area (ha) Lat Lon Estimated numbers Protected Area Names Protection Status International Designation South Sudan Sudd system) 5,700,000 ca. 4,000 Game Reserve, Shambe National Park ca. 15% Ramsar Site Sudan Swamps of Lol / Pongo / Kuom River Systems 50,000? 08º00'N 28º00'E ? Unprotected 0 - South Sudan Bahr al Ghazal & Meshra swamps 400,000 29º16'E 150 Unprotected 0 - South Sudan Lakes & swamps of Lakes State >30,000 06º34'N 30º28'E 100 Shambe National Park ca. 15% - South Sudan Machar Marshes 900,000 08°27'-09°58'S 32°11'-34°09'E 150 Unprotected 0 - Ethiopia Gambella 457,500 07º52'N ca. 50 Gambella National Park 100% - Uganda Lake Kyoga 560,000 00º33'-01º56'N 32º18'-34º00'E ? Unprotected 0 Ramsar Site (Lake Nakua) Uganda Mabamba Bay 16,500 00o05'N 32o20'E ? Mabamba Bay Wetland ca. 50% Ramsar Site Tanzania The Malagarasi 3,250,000 5ºS 31ºE 100-500 Moyowosi –Kigosi & Ugalla GRs; Malagarasi-Muyovozi Wetlands* ca. 90% *Ramsar Site Rwanda Akagera 90,000 01º45'S 30º38'E ? Akagera National Park 100% - DR Congo Upemba 1,000,000 9°50' - 8°45'S 25°50'-27°10'E ? Parc National de l’Upemba 100% - Zambia Bangweulu Wetlands 1,100,000 10°33'-12°17'S 29°15'-30°43'E 200-1,300 Bangweulu, Chambeshi & Kafinda GMAs ca. 20% Ramsar Site