above the cut off defined. The scores across all dimensions are then added for each household to determine its vulnerability. Principal occupation-Principal occupation of a household is an occupation from where 50 percent or more of its earnings come from. For our multidimensional definition, we have used the following occupations -cultivator household, construction worker, agricultural labour, canvasser, delivery man, newspaper boy, ambulance driver, auto rickshaw driver, stone fixer, and mason. Some of these occupations are hazardous such as stone mason, construction worker, etc. and these are also the occupations where bottom 20 percent of the population lies (based on mpce). Education-We define an educationally vulnerable household as one where all members of a household who are in the working age group (18-60 years) are educated till middle school and below. Education, or the lack of it, makes one vulnerable, in case the head of the household who is in the working age group loses his/her job. Widow headed households-A household where a widow in the working age group is the head of the household is taken as vulnerable. Vocational education –Vocational education provides skills to a member, and is an investment for the future. Those households where all members in the age group of 15-29 years have no vocational education are defined as vulnerable. Numbers of dependents - Dependents in the household greater than the All-India urban average are considered vulnerable households. Dependents are defined as the non working age group – adults greater than 60 years of age and children less than 18 years of age. Tables 1 and 2 provide the distribution of multidimensional counts and incidence of dimensions that make a household vulnerable. Table 1: Distribution of Multidimensional Counts Multidimensional cut off Proportion of all Households (HHs) Proportion of Poor HHs (mpce and multidimensional) Proportion of Extra poor HHs (mpce non poor but multidimensional poor) 1 38.16 15.90 44.60 2 36.33 36.91 36.16
Table 9: Incidence of Dimensions that make a Household Vulnerable Vulnerable in following dimensions Proportion of all Households Proportion of Poor (mpce and multidimensional) Extra poor (mpce non poor but multidimensional poor) Occupation 66.43 70.47 66.44 Education 55.56 70.56 52.23 Land possessed 75.84 82.63 75.22 Widow-headed 4.73 4.08 5.00 Number of dependents 35.66 53.16 31.25 Tables 10, 11 and 12 below present the results of the overlapping households as well as the extra households for rural India. 10 Number of MPCE and Multidimensional poor Multidimensional Poor (any dimension) total Poor Non-Poor MPCE Poor Poor 30016883 160032.8 30176915.83 Non-Poor 104212430 1681046.1 105893475.9 134229313 1841078.9 136070391.7 Table 11 MPCE and Multidimensional Poor as Percentage of Total Population Multidimensional Poor (greater than or equal to one dimension) Poor Non-Poor MPCE Poor Poor 22.06 0.12 76.59 1.24
Break up of extra poor Total no. of households (taking out top 5 percent of the Extra Poor-B Second stage stratum 1(affluent hhs)-C Net Occupationally not vulnerable out of D-E Net Educationally not vulnerable out of F-G Net Land wise not vulnerable out of H-I Net Not vulnerable in terms of their dependents out of J-K Net All children studying in educational institutions out of L -M Net Distance from max mpce is less than 50 percent out of Net 136070392 104212430 5632407 98580023 33126843 65453179 28562224 36890955 9295461 27595494 19544637 8050857 3158891 4891966 1509792 3382173 As percentage of households 76.59 4.14 72.45 24.35 48.10 20.99 27.11 6.83 20.28 14.36 5.92 2.32 3.60 1.11 2.49