Monarch Rainforest species, but will use tropical woodlands that are adjacent to rainforest. Black Rat Rattus rattus, invasive vines of riparian habitat (e.g. rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora) Satin Flycatcher Eucalypt forest and woodlands, at high elevations when breeding. They are particularly common in tall wet sclerophyll forest, often in gullies or along water courses. In woodlands they prefer open, grassy woodland types. During migration, habitat preferences expand, with the species recorded in most wooded habitats except rainforests. Wintering birds in northern Qld will use rainforest - gallery forests interfaces, and birds have been recorded wintering in mangroves and paperbark swamps. Black Rat Rattus rattus, invasive vines of riparian habitat (e.g. rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora) Spectacled Monarch vegetation, mainly in rainforest but also in moist forest or wet sclerophyll and occasionally in other dense vegetation such as mangroves, drier forest and woodlands. Black Rat Rattus rattus, invasive vines of riparian habitat (e.g. rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora) Rufous Fantail Moist, dense habitats, including mangroves, rainforest, riparian forests and thickets, and wet eucalypt forests with a dense understorey. When on passage a wider range of habitats are used including dry eucalypt forests and woodlands and Brigalow shrublands. Black Rat Rattus rattus, invasive vines of riparian habitat (e.g. rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora) Oriental Reed-warbler Non-breeding habitat only: emergent aquatic vegetation along waterways and water bodies. Unknown Barn Swallow Non-breeding habitat only: occurs in the air above open vegetated areas including native and agricultural grasslands as well as over open water areas. Unknown Red-rumped Swallow Non-breeding habitat only: predominately forages over wetlands and open well-watered grasslands. Unknown Grey Wagtail Non-breeding habitat only: has a strong association with water, particularly rocky substrates along water courses but also lakes and marshes. Unknown Yellow Wagtail Non-breeding habitat only: mostly open grasslands and the fringes of wetlands. Roosts in mangroves and other dense vegetation. Unknown 5. What is an ecologically significant proportion of a population of each migratory bird?
Offshore islands that act as gathering points or stop-over points during migration for the flycatchers, cuckoo, reed-warbler or wagtails should be considered separately from mainland Australia. These islands are unlikely to support biologically significant populations, even if multiple birds pass through on passage, because migration appears to be on a broad front. This will be reviewed as further information is gathered given that islands are nevertheless likely to support, over the course of a migration season, more individuals than equivalent areas of mainland. Table 4 Areas of important habitat for each species likely to result in a significant impact if affected. Species Area thresholds (ha unless otherwise stated ) 1% 0.1% Osprey 840 km coastline 84 km coastline White-throated Needletail * * Fork-tailed Swift * * Oriental Cuckoo 250,000 25,000 Black-faced Monarch 2,600 260 Monarch 865 87 Satin Flycatcher 4,400 440 Spectacled Monarch 2,100 210 Southern Spectacled Monarch 1,300 130 Wet Tropics Spectacled Monarch 1,100 110 Cape York Spectacled Monarch 1,300 130 Rufous Fantail 7,500 750 Southern Rufous Fantail 2,600 260 North-eastern Rufous Fantail 3,400 340 Arafura Rufous Fantail 4,500 450 Oriental Reed-warbler * * Barn Swallow * * Red-rumped Swallow * * Grey Wagtail * * Yellow Wagtail * * * No threshold area can be determined at this time or has identified given lack of knowledge or rarity. Research on White-throated Needletail may reveal site thresholds in tall forest used by roosting birds. Table 5 The proportions of each migratory species population likely to result in a significant impact if affected. Species Thresholds ( no of individuals) 1% 0.1% Osprey 240 24 White-throated Needletail 100 10 Fork-tailed Swift 1,000 100