(In or Seminar (In Hours) 1 Pathology 200 80 280 2 Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 80 40 120 3 Organon of Medicine with Homoeopathic Philisophy 160 60 220 4 Homoeopathic Materia Medica 160 60 220 5 Surgery 80 60 (One term of three months in surgical ward and outpatient department) 140 6 Gynaecology and Obstetrics 40 +40 = 80 60 (One term of three months in surgical ward and outpatient department) 140 760 360 1120 Note: Clinical postings: Monday to Friday of 3 hrs. duration. Third Year BHMS (Duration 1 Year) Table III: Subjects prescribed and distribution of teaching hours for theory and practical classes Sl No Subject Theoretical lecture (in Hours) Practical or clinical or tutorial or seminar (In hours) Total 1 Surgery including ENT, Ophthalmology, dentistry & Homoeopathic Therapeutics 100Hrs 50 Hrs Total: 150Hrs 75 Hrs ( three months clinical postings in ward and OPD 225Hrs 2 Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Infant Care and Homoeopathic Therapeutics 100 Hrs 50 Hrs Total:150Hrs 75 Hrs ( months clinical postings in ward and OPD 225Hrs 3 Homoeopathic Materia Medica 100Hrs 75Hrs 175Hrs 4 Organon of Medicine 100Hrs 175Hrs 5 Practice of Medicine and Homoeopathic Therapeutics 50Hrs 25Hrs Total 75Hrs 150Hrs 6 Repertory 50Hrs 25Hrs 75Hrs 7 Community Medicine 35Hrs 15Hrs 50Hrs TOTAL 660Hrs 415Hrs 1075Hrs Note: Clinical postings: Monday to Saturday of 3 hrs duration. Fourth Year BHMS (Duration 1.1/2 Year) Table IV: Subjects prescribed and distribution of teaching hours for theory and practical classes Sl No Subject Theoretical Lectures (in Hrs) Practical or clinical or tutorial or seminar (In 1 Practice of Medicine and Homoeopathic Therapeutics 120Hrs 60Hrs 300 Hrs 480Hrs
Organon of Medicine with Homoeopathic Philosophy 100 50 50 25 50 25 200 100 Table: XI - III B.H.M.S. Examination Subject Written Practical Viva Voce Total Full Pass marks Full marks Pass marks Full marks Pass Full marks Pass marks Surgery 200 100 100 50 100 50 400 200 Gynaecology and Obstetrics 200 100 100 50 100 50 400 200 Homoeopathic Materia Medica 100 50 50 25 50 25 200 100 Organon of Medicine with Homoeopathic Philosophy 100 50 50 25 50 25 200 100 XII - IV BHMS examination Subject Written Practical Viva Voce Full marks Pass marks Full Pass marks Full marks Pass marks Full marks Pass marks Practice of Medicine 200 100 100 50 100 50 400 200 Homoeopathic Materia Medica 200 100 100 50 100 50 400 200 Organon of Medicine with Homoeopathic Philosophy 200 100 50 25 50 25 300 150 Repertory 100 50 50 25 50 25 200 100 Community Medicine 100 50 50 25 50 25 200 100 8. Eligibility for University Examination I BHMS - A student shall be eligible to appear for I BHMS examination provided he/she has pursued the course satisfactorily and has requisite attendance as per regulation. II BHMS - No candidate shall be eligible to appear in II BHMS examination unless he/she has passed in the first BHMS examination in the subjects of Anatomy and Physiology including Biochemistry one year before second year examination and pass in Homoeopathic Pharmacy atleast 6 months before appearing IInd year BHMS examination and has required attendance as per regulation. III BHMS - No candidate shall be eligible to appear in III BHMS examination unless he/she has passed in the second BHMS examination and has required attendance as per regulation.
(iii) General Osteology Classification of bones, Terms used in osteology, Ossification: Definition, centers & laws of ossification Functions of bone, of growing long bone, Blood supply of long bone & Applied aspect Types of ossification & Epiphysis 2 (iv) General Arthrology Definition, Classification, Synovial joint: Parts of Typical synovial joint & types Fibrous & Cartilaginous joints, Blood & nerve supply of joint Kinesiology 2 (v) General Myology Muscle tissue: Definition, types & Parts of the Skeletal muscle Classification of Skeletal muscle Actions of Skeletal muscles 1 (vi) General Angiology Types of blood vessels: Arteries, Capillaries, Veins & Sinusoids Anastomosis, End artery& Applied aspect Nerve supply of blood vessels 1 (vii) General Neurology Parts of the nervous system, Neuron, Neuroglia, Nerve: Definition & types- Cranial & Spinal Classification of neurons, Nuclei, Ganglia & Synapse Autonomic nervous system: Parts & functions 2 (viii) Skin &its derivatives & Fasciae Skin: Structure, appendages, Fasciae: Superficial & deep, modifications & functions Functions of Skin & Dermatomes Applied aspect of Skin & Appendages 2 3 Genetics Introduction, terminology, DNA & RNA Mendelian laws of inheritance, Structure & function of Chromosomes Protein biosynthesis, Genetic disorders & Karyotyping Genetic code, perspective 2 Developmental Anatomy (Embryology) - 15 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know
1 Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis Formation & maturation of Gametes Structure of Spermatozoon & Ovarian follicle Abnormalities in Gamete formation 1 2 Formation of germ layers Fertilization, Implantation, Cleavage, Morula & Blastocyst, Formation of bilaminar germ disc, Prochordal plate, Primitive streak, mesoderm & Formation of trilaminar germ disc Decidua: Parts, Trophoblastic stages of differentiation, Fetal membranes: Amnion, Chorion & Connecting stalk In vitro fertilization, Types of Implantation & Abnormal implantation 2 3 Development of embryonic disc Formation of Notochord, Neural tube & Neural crest, Primitive gut: Formation, & derivatives Intra-embryonic mesoderm & its subdivisions, Derivatives of Ectoderm, Endoderm & Mesoderm Allantoic diverticulum & Urachus 2 4 Placenta Placenta: Formation, functions &features Placental circulation &Placental barrier Placenta previa, Amniocentesis 1 5 Development of Abdominal organs, Respiratory system & body cavities Formation of Gastrointestinal tract, Development of Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas & Spleen Tracheobronchial diverticulum &Lung bud Intraembryoniccoelom& cavities derived from it 3 6 Development of Urogenital system Development of Kidneys, Testis & Development of Uterus, vagina & Fallopian 2 7 Development of Cardiovascular system Development of Heart Congenital anomalies of Heart Development of main blood vessels 2
8 Development of Nervous system Development of & Spinal cord Neural crest & its derivatives 2 Regional Anatomy: Head, Neck, Face & Brain- 50 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Osteology (i) Skull Anatomical position, Exterior of views of skull, major foramina & structures passing through them, Interior of skull & cranial fossae Fontenellae: Significance, age estimation & Sex differences of Skull & Muscle attachments Ossification of Skull & Fractures of skull 3 (ii) Mandible Identification & Anatomical position Dental formula & Ossification Sex & age estimation 1 (iii) Hyoid bone Parts &muscle attachments Applied anatomy 1 (iv) Cervical vertebrae Identification & of Typical cervical vertebrae Atypical cervical vertebrae Applied anatomy 1 (b) Syndesmology joint Articulation, ligaments, blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Movements & muscles responsible Factors influencing the stability 1 (c) Myology (i) Fasciae of the neck Layers and attachments Spaces & derivatives 1 (ii) Triangles of the Neck Anterior & Posterior Triangles Boundaries, divisions & contents Muscles of back of Neck 1 (iii) Muscles of face nerve supply & actions Applied anatomy 1 mandibular
(iv) Muscles of the Head &Neck Origin, insertion, nerve supply & action of Muscles of mastication &Extra-ocular muscles Origin, insertion, supply & action of Sternocleidomastoid Muscles of the Larynx, Pharynx & Soft palate 1 (d) Angiology Blood vessels of the Head, Neck & Brain Origin, course, relations, branches/ tributaries of Subclavian, Common, Internal & External carotid arteries and External & internal Jugular vein, Venous drainage of Scalp & Face Names & Classification of Dural venous sinuses & Blood supply of the brain Origin, parts, course, relations, branches/ tributaries of Facial, Lingual, Middle meningeal, Maxillary, Vertebral artery, Pterygoid plexus of veins, Emissary veins Superior thyroid, & Occipital arteries, vein, Lymphatic drainage of Head and Neck 4 (e) Neurology Cranial nerves Origin, nuclei, course, branches, distribution & applied anatomy of Occulomotor, Trochlear, Abducent, Trigeminal, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus & Hypoglossal nerves Origin, nuclei, course, branches, distribution & applied anatomy of, Lingual, Chorda tympani, Recurrent laryngeal nerve, Phrenic nerve Spinal accessory nerve, Cervical plexus & Parasympathetic Ganglia 4 (f) Splanchnology (i) Scalp Extent and layers Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Clinical correlation 1 (ii) Lachrymal apparatus Structures forming the lachrymal apparatus Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Development 1 (iii) Pituitary gland Location, features, relations & connections with Hypothalamus Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Development 1 (iv) Thyroid Location, features & relations Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Functions & Development 1
(v) Parathyroid gland Location & features Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Functions & Development 1 (vi) Parotid gland Location, External features & relations, Parotid duct Structures present within, blood, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage Parotid sheath & Development 1 (vii) Submandibular gland Parts their features, relations & Submandibular duct Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Development 1 (viii) Sublingual Location & external features Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Development 1 (ix) Nose External features, Cavity & septum Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Development 1 (x) Para nasal air sinuses Names, classification & features Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Development 1 (xi) Tooth Deciduous & permanent teeth, Parts and structure nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Functions 1 (xii) Tongue External features & muscles Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Functions, Development 1 (xiii) Soft Palate Morphology & muscles Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Development 1 (xiv) Tonsil Location &features, Tonsilar & Tonsilar bed Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Development 1 (xv) Pharynx Location, relations & subdivisions Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Important features of subdivisions 1 (xvi) Larynx Location, extent, cartilages & cavity Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Rima glottis, Phonation 1 (xvii) Trachea (cervical part) Extent, structure & relations Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Applied anatomy 1 (xviii) Central Nervous System Introduction, Parts of the brain & Meninges of the brain Ventricles of the brain and circulation of Cerebro spinal fluid Base of the brain & Applied anatomy 1 (xix) Spinal cord External features & Internal Structure Arterial supply &venous drainage Applied anatomy 1
(xx) Medulla oblongata External features & internal structure Blood supply Applied anatomy 1 (xxi) Pons External features & internal structure Blood supply Applied anatomy 1 (xxii) Mid brain External features & internal structure Blood supply Applied anatomy 1 (xxiii) Cerebellum External features, Subdivisions: anatomical, functional & Intracerebellar nuclei Structure of cerebellar cortex & Cerebellar peduncles Blood supply & Applied anatomy 1 (xxiv) Fourth Ventricle Boundaries of the fourth ventricle Floor of the fourth ventricle Choroid plexus 1 (xxv) Diencephalon: Thalamus Parts of diencephalon & External features of thalamus Parts & nuclei Functions 1 (xxvi) Hypothalamus Boundaries & subdivisions Connections Functions 1 (xxvii) Third Ventricle Boundaries Recesses Choroid plexus 1 (xxviii) Cerebrum External features & lobes Functional areas of cerebral cortex Limbic system 1 (xxix) Cerebrum: White matter Types of nerve fibers Corpus callosum & Internal capsule Fornix 1 (xxx) Lateral ventricle & boundaries Choroid plexus & Choroid fissure 1 (g) Radiographic anatomy: Introduction to the study of X-Ray, CT & MRI of the Head, Neck & Brain region 1 (h) Surface anatomy and Applied anatomy (Clinical significance) of each of the topic shall be covered without undue importance to minute & less significant anatomical details. Thorax- 20 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Osteology Bones of thorax General features of Sternum, General features of Applied anatomy, Ossification & 3
Typical ribs & Typical thoracic vertebrae Atypical ribs & Atypical thoracic vertebrae muscle attachments (b) Syndesmology Joints of the thorax & articulation Clinical importance 1 (c) Myology Muscles of thorax Origin, insertion, nerve supply & action of Intercostal muscles Origin, insertion, nerve supply & action of Diaphragm Applied anatomy 1 (d) Angiology Blood vessels of thorax Origin, parts, course, relations, branches/ tributaries of Ascending, arch & descending thoracic aorta, Superior venacava& Azygos venous system Origin, course, branches of Internal thoracic artery & Thoracic duct Applied anatomy & Lymphatic drainage of thorax 3 (e) Neurology Nerves in thorax Formation of Phrenic nerve Applied anatomy of Phrenic nerve Thoracic part of sympathetic nervous system 1 (f) Splanchnology (i) Trachea (thoracic part) Extent & relations Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Applied anatomy 1 (ii) Lungs External features, relations, Bronchial tree & segments nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Applied anatomy 2 (iii) Pleura Definition, & recess Blood & nerve supply Applied anatomy 1 (iv) Mediastinum Definition, Subdivisions, boundaries & contents Applied anatomy 1 pulmonary
(v) Heart Chambers of the heart: External, internal features & blood supply Valves of the heart & Applied anatomy Conducting system 3 (vi) Pericardium Definition, parts & sinuses of pericardium & nerve supply Applied anatomy 1 (vii) Oesophagus External features, course & blood supply Constriction & Nerve supply Applied anatomy 1 (g) Radiographic anatomy: Introduction to the study of X-Ray, CT& MRI of the Thoracic region 1 (h) Surface anatomy and Applied anatomy (Clinical significance) of each of the topic shall be covered without undue importance to minute & less significant anatomical details. Abdomen & Pelvis- 40 Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Osteology Bones of the Abdomen &Pelvis General features of Lumbar vertebrae, Sacrum, Male & Female pelvis Applied anatomy, Pelvis- Sex differences Ossification, Types of Pelvis & pelvimetry 4 (b) Syndesmology Joints of the back Lumbosacral Articulation Applied anatomy Sacroiliac joint 1 (c) Myology (i) Abdomen & Pelvis Origin, insertion, nerve supply & action of the muscles of Anterior abdominal wall & Psoas major Rectus sheath & Inguinal canal Applied anatomy 2 (ii) Perineum Definition, divisions, Ischiorectal fossa Superficial, deep perineal pouches & Pelvic Diaphragm Muscles & nerves 2 (d) Angiology Blood vessels of the Origin, parts, course, relations, branches/ Origin, parts, course, relations, branches of Applied anatomy, Lymphatic 4
Abdomen & Pelvis tributaries of Abdominal aorta, Portal vein & Inferior venacava Coeliac Superior, Inferior mesenteric & Internal iliac arteries drainage of Abdomen & pelvis (e) Neurology Study of the main nerves in abdomen & pelvis Autonomic nerve plexuses 1 (f) Splanchnology (i) Abdominal cavity Quadrants & contents 1 (ii) Peritoneum Definition, parts & reflection, Greater & lesser omentum Omental bursa, Mesentery, Peritoneal pouches in pelvis Functions & applied anatomy 2 (iii) Scrotum Testis & Penis Gross anatomy, Layers/ Coverings Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Applied anatomy, Development 2 (iv) Stomach important relations and interior Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Applied anatomy 2 (v) intestine Parts, main features of Duodenum Differences between Jejunum &Ileum Applied anatomy 2 (vi) Large intestine Parts, main features of Caecum, appendix & Applied anatomy Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Marginal artery 1 (vii) Spleen Location, external features, ligaments & relations Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Applied anatomy 1 (viii) Liver & Gall bladder External features, Lobes/ Parts, Ligaments & Bile duct Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Cystic duct 1 (ix) Pancreas Parts and their relations Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage Duct system, Development 1 (x) Kidney Morphology, structure on coronal section & Blood supply supply, Lymphatic drainage & Applied anatomy shoe kidney, Polycystic kidney 2
(xi) Ureter Extent Course & constrictions Blood supply 1 (xii) Suprarenal glands Location &morphology Relations & Applied anatomy nerve supply & lymphatic drainage 1 (xiii) Urinary bladder Morphology, Trigone of the urinary bladder & supply Relations & Applied anatomy Micturition reflex 1 (xiv) Male & female urethrae Extent & course parts of the male urethra Relations & Applied anatomy 1 (xv) Prostate Location, morphology Relations & Applied anatomy Blood, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage 1 (xvi) Ductus deferens, Seminal vesicle Relations Applied anatomy 1 (xvii) Rectum & anal canal Morphology, blood, nerve supply & applied anatomy Applied anatomy 2 (xviii) Vaginal & Ovary, Uterus & Uterine tube Morphology, blood, nerve supply & Applied anatomy Relations, ligaments & Supports of uterus 2 (g) Radiographic anatomy: Introduction to the study of X-Ray, CT & MRI of the Abdomen & Pelvis 1 (h) Surface anatomy and Applied anatomy (Clinical significance) of each of the topic shall be covered without undue importance to minute & less significant anatomical details. Upper Extremity- 20 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Osteology Bones of the upper extremity General features of Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius & Ulna Articulated hand & Applied anatomy Ossification & muscle attachments 5 (b) Syndesmology
Shoulder, &Wrist joint Articulation, ligaments & muscles responsible for movements Applied anatomy First joint, MP & IP joints 3 (c) Myology (i) Muscles of upper extremity Origin, insertion, nerve supply & action of Pectoralis major, Trapezius, Lattismus dorsi, Deltoid, Biceps, Brachialis, Triceps, Flexor digitorum superficialis &profundus, Extensor digitorum Origin, insertion, nerve supply & action of Brachioradialis, Intrinsic muscles of the hand, Formation & applied anatomy of Rotator cuff Thenar & Hypothenar muscles 2 (ii) Axilla & Cubital Definition, boundaries & contents Applied anatomy 1 (iii) Hand Flexor retinaculum, Palmar aponeurosis Other flexors & extensor muscles 1 (d) Angiology Blood vessels of the upper extremity Origin, parts, course, relations, branches/ tributaries & applied anatomy of Axillary, Brachial, Radial & Ulnar artery, Cephalic & Median Cubital vein Origin, parts, course, relations, branches/ tributaries & applied anatomy of Profunda brachii artery, Superficial, deep palmar arch & Basilic vein Anastomosis around the elbow, shoulder & Lymphatic drainage of upper limb 2 (e) Neurology Brachial plexus Formation & branches Relations & applied anatomy Variations 4 Nerves of the upper extremity Origin, root value, course, branches, distribution, applied anatomy of Median, Ulnar & Radial nerve Origin, root value, course, branches, distribution, applied anatomy of Axillary & musculocutaneous nerve (f) Splanchnology Mammary gland anatomy, structure blood supply & lymphatic drainage Applied anatomy 1 Carpo- metacarpal
(g) Radiographic anatomy: Introduction to the of X-Ray, CT & MRI of the Upper Extremity 1 (h) Surface anatomy and Applied anatomy (Clinical significance) of each of the topic shall be covered without undue importance to minute & less significant anatomical details. Lower Extremity- 20 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Osteology of the lower extremity General features of Hip bone, Femur, Patella, Tibia & Fibula Articulated foot& Applied anatomy Ossification & muscle attachments 5 (b) Syndesmology Hip, Knee & Ankle joint Articulation, ligaments & muscles responsible for movement Applied anatomy Subtalar joint 3 Arches of the foot Types & formation Applied anatomy (c) Myology (i) Muscles of lower extremity Origin, insertion, supply & action of Gluteus maximus, Quadriceps femoris, Sartorius, Adductor magnus, Hamstring muscles, Tibialis anterior & Calf muscles Origin, insertion, supply & action of Gluteus medius, minimus& Tensor fascia latae Adductor, Peroneal muscles & Muscles of the sole of the foot 2 (ii) Femoral triangle, Adductor canal & Popliteal fossa Definition, boundaries &contents Applied anatomy 1 (iii) Ankle & foot Fascia lata & modifications Plantar aponeurosis Applied anatomy Extensor, perineal & flexor retinacula 1 (d) Angiology Blood vessels of the lower extremity Origin, parts, course, relations, branches/ tributaries &applied Origin, parts, course, relations, branches/ tributaries & applied Lymphatic drainage of lower limb 2
anatomy of Femoral, Popliteal, Posterior Tibial & Dorsalis pedis artery, Great saphenous, short saphenous vein & Popliteal vein anatomy of Profunda femoris, Anterior Tibial, Obturator artery & Plantar arch (e) Neurology (i) Lumbar & Sacral plexus Formation & branches Relations & applied anatomy 2 (ii) Nerves of the lower extremity Origin, root value, course, branches, distribution & applied anatomy of Femoral, Sciatic & Common peroneal nerve Origin, root value, course, branches, distribution & applied anatomy of Obturator & Tibial nerve 3 (f) Radiographic anatomy: Introduction to the study of X-Ray, CT & MRI of the Lower Extremity 1 (g) Surface anatomy and Applied anatomy (Clinical significance) of each of the topic shall be covered without undue importance to minute & less significant anatomical details. Special Senses- 5 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Ear of the ear & ear ossicles Mastoid antrum, Eustachian tube & Applied anatomy 3 (b) Eye Coats of the eye & chambers of the eye pathway & Applied anatomy 2 Histology (Microanatomy) - 15 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Epithelial tissue Definition & Classification Area of distribution Urothelium 1
(b) Connective tissue Types of Connective tissue, Bone & Cartilage General Connective tissue & Adipose tissue 1 (c) Muscle tissue Skeletal & Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle 1 (d) Blood vessels Artery and vein 1 (e) Glands Serous, Mucous & Mixed 1 (f) Lymphoid tissue Lymph node & Spleen Thymus & Tonsil 1 (g) Skin Thin & thick Skin 1 (h) Respiratory system Trachea & Lung 1 (i) Digestive system structure of GIT, Liver & Gall bladder 1 (j) Urinary system Kidney 1 (k) Male reproductive system Testis & Prostate 1 (l) Female reproductive system Ovary & Uterus 1 (m) Endocrine glands Thyroid, Pancreas & Suprarenal 1 (n) Central Nervous System Cerebrum & Cerebellum 1 (o) Embryonic tissue Placenta & Umbilical cord 1 PRACTICAL- 275 HOURS Dissection of whole body, demonstration of dissected parts. Identification of histological slides related to tissues and organs. Students shall maintain practical or clinical journal and dissection cards. Upper Extremity- 38 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know
Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Introduction Parts & muscular compartments Dermatomes 2 (b) Osteology Demonstration of the of the lower limb Anatomical position, Parts & features Joints formed 8 (c) Surface anatomy Demonstration & palpation Surface land marks in lower extremity 2 Surface marking of the main blood vessels & nerves Femoral, Popliteal, Anterior & Posterior Tibial & Dorsalis pedis arteries, Sciatic, Tibial & Common peroneal nerves Palpation of blood Vessels Femoral, Popliteal, Posterior Tibial & Dorsalis arteries Palpation of Inguinal & Popliteal group of lymph nodes (d) Dissection including Syndesmology Dissection, demonstration of functional compartments in Gluteal region, Leg & Foot Skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles, blood vessels & nerves of the compartment Modifications of deep fascia: Plantar aponeurosis, Retinacula & Layers of Sole 26 Demonstration of articulating surfaces & movements of joints Hip, Knee, Ankle & joints of Foot (e) Radiographic anatomy: Demonstration of X-Ray, CT & MRI of the Lower Extremity. 2 Thorax- 35 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component
Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Introduction Walls, mediastinum & viscera Dermatomes 2 (b) Osteology Demonstration of the bones of the thorax Anatomical position, Parts & features Joints formed 4 (c) Surface anatomy Demonstration & palpation Surface land marks in thorax 4 Surface marking of the main viscera Pleura, Lungs & Heart Arch of aorta & Superior venacava Thoracic duct (d) Dissection including Syndesmology Dissection, demonstration Thoracic cavity, Pleura, Lungs, Mediastinum, Heart & Pericardium, Wall of the thorax, Structures in superior & posterior Mediastina 22 (e) Radiographic anatomy: Demonstration of X-Ray, CT & MRI of the Thorax. 3 Abdomen & Pelvis- 54 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Introduction Anterior abdominal wall, abdominal & pelvic cavity & containing viscera Dermatomes 2 (b) Osteology Demonstration of the bones of the abdomen & pelvis Anatomical position, Parts & features Joints formed 4 (c) Surface anatomy Demonstration & palpation Quadrants of the abdominal cavity, surface land marks in Abdomen & Pelvis
Surface marking of the main viscera Stomach, Spleen, & Gall bladder, Caecum, Appendix & Kidney Pancreas & Duodenum Abdominal aorta & Inferior venacava (d) Dissection including Syndesmology Dissection, demonstration Walls of abdomen, Male & female external genitalia, Peritoneum, Liver, Stomach, Spleen, Pancreas, Duodenum, Small intestine, Large intestine, Kidney, Urinary bladder, Prostate gland, Uterus, Uterine tube & Ovary Suprarenal glands & Perineum Lumbosacral joint, Sacroiliac joint joint 42 (e) Radiographic anatomy: Demonstration of X-Ray, CT & MRI of the Abdomen & Pelvis. 2 Head, Neck, Brain &Bulbus oculi- 78 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Introduction Parts Dermatomes 2 (b) Osteology Demonstration of the different views of the skull Identification of the bones, foramina & features Sutures Fontenellae 16 Mandible, Hyoid bone & Cervical vertebrae Parts & features Attachments (c) Surface anatomy Demonstration & palpation Surface land marks in head & neck External jugular vein 6 Surface marking of the main blood vessels & glands Common carotid artery, External carotid artery &Thyroid gland Palpation of Cervical group of lymph nodes
(d) Dissection including Syndesmology Dissection, demonstration Scalp, temple & face Side of neck: Anterior & posterior triangles, Deep dissection of neck: Thyroid gland, Contents of carotid sheath, Demonstration of sagittal section of mouth, tongue pharynx, larynx, Nose: Nasal septum & lateral wall, Ear & Eye ball, Brain & Spinal cord: Parts of the brain, sulci &gyri of the cerebral cortex Cranial cavity: Dural folds & venous sinuses, Orbit: contents of the orbit, Deep dissection of face: Facial facial artery & Lacrimal apparatus, Parotid region, Temporal & infra temporal fossa: Muscles of Mastication & Maxillary artery, Submandibular region & joint 50 (e) Radiographic anatomy: Demonstration of X-Ray, CT & MRI of the Head, Neck, 4 Histology & Embryology-30 Hours Sl. No. Topics Component Hours Allotted Must Know Desirable To Know Nice To Know (a) Epithelial tissue Definition & Classification Area of distribution Urothelium 2 (b) Connective tissue of Connective tissue, Bone & Cartilage General Connective tissue & Adipose tissue 2 (c) Muscle tissue Skeletal & Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle 2 (d) Blood vessels Artery and vein 2 (e) Glands Serous, Mucous & 2 (f) Lymphoid organs Lymph node & Spleen Thymus & Tonsil 2 (g) Skin Thin & thick Skin 2
Annexure- I List of structures topic wise to be kept for Practical Examination- 1. Knowledge of dissected Above Diaphragm Below Diaphragm Upper Extremity- Axilla & Cubital fossa Lower Extremity- Femoral triangle, Adductor canal & Popliteal fossa Thorax- Para sagittal section of Heart & Mediastinum Head, Neck, Brain & Bulbus oculi- Cranial fossae, Anterior & posterior Triangle of Neck & Sagittal section of Brain Abdomen & Pelvis- Sagittal section of Male & Female Pelvis 2. Viscera- Above Diaphragm Below Diaphragm Thorax- Heart, Trachea & Oesophagus Abdomen & Pelvis- Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine with vermiform Appendix, Spleen, Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Kidney, Urinary bladder, Prostate, Uterus & Ovary Head, Neck, Brain & Bulbus oculi- Brain, Thyroid gland, Parotid gland & Tongue 3. Bones- Above Diaphragm Below Diaphragm Upper Extremity- Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius & Ulna Lower Extremity- Hip bone, Femur, Patella, Tibia & Fibula Thorax- Sternum, Typical ribs &Typical thoracic vertebrae Abdomen & Pelvis- Lumbar vertebrae, Sacrum, Male & Female pelvis Head, Neck, Brain & Bulbus oculi- Skull, Mandible & Typical Cervical vertebrae - 4. Surface Anatomy- Above Diaphragm Diaphragm Upper Extremity- Extremity-
Surface land marks, Axillary, Brachial, Radial & Ulnar arteries, Median, Ulnar, Radial & Axillary nerves Surface land marks, Femoral, Popliteal, Anterior &Posterior Tibial & Dorsalis pedis arteries, Sciatic, Tibial & Common peroneal nerves Thorax- Surface land Pleura, Lungs & Heart Abdomen & Pelvis- Surface land marks in Abdomen & Pelvis, Quadrants of the abdominal cavity, Stomach, Spleen, Liver, Caecum, Appendix & Kidney Head, Neck, Brain & Bulbus oculi- Surface land marks, Common carotid artery, External carotid artery & Thyroid gland 5. Spotting- Radiographic Anatomy Histology Embryology Extremity- X-Ray of Shoulder region including Clavicle & Humerus- AP view, including Radius & Ulna- AP view, Wrist & Hand- AP view. Thorax- X-Ray of Chest- PA, AP, Lateral & Oblique view, Thoracic spine- AP & Lateral view. Head, Neck, Brain & Bulbus oculi- X-Ray of Skull- AP, Lateral & PA view, Cervical spine- AP & Lateral view. Lower Extremity- X-Ray of Hip with AP view, Knee- AP & lateral view, Ankle with Tibia & Fibula- AP & lateral view. Abdomen & Pelvis- X-Ray of Plain Abdomen- AP view, Pelvis- AP view, Lumbosacral spine- AP & Lateral view. Simple & stratified Epithelium, Bone, Cartilage, Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Artery, Vein, Serous gland, Mucous gland, Mixed gland, Lymph node, Spleen, Thin skin, Thick skin, Trachea, Lung, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Liver, Gall bladder, Kidney, Testis, Prostate, Ovary, Uterus, Thyroid gland, Pancreas, Suprarenal gland, Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Placenta, Umbilical cord. Models/ Charts of Development of Ovarian follicle, Fertilized Ovum, Spermatogenesis, Cell to Embryo (Blastula, Gastrula, Morula, Blastocyst), Formation of Notochord, Amnion, Chorion & Chromosomes.
Different body compartments, composition, tissue fluids, measurements of different body fluids, measurement of water balance, ECF & ICF volume & values Dehydration and replacement of body fluid loss Describe edema and its causes in terms of Starling's forces* Difference between tonicity and osmolarity** Starling's forces that govern fluid exchange across the membranes separating the various Biophysical processes adsorption, osmosis, osmotic pressure, hydrotropy, colloid, Donnan equilibrium, surface tension, absorption and assimilation, 2 Blood Composition, and functions of blood Plasma proteins – classification, properties and function, values, methods of separation Plasmapharesis & its clinical significance Significance of Albumin to Globulin ratio Difference between plasma & serum Acute Phase Proteins Albumin levels with specific examples of disease conditions, Causes of oedema in Liver failure, and filtration, R
Immunization & its types & their mechanism and state their functions humoral immunity Antigens and its mechanism in maintenance of immunity Define Allergy Platelets – structure, life span, values Properties, functions & formation of platelets causes and effects of Dengue Fever Role of platelets in hemostasis Hemostasis- definition and stages and coagulation of blood – clotting factors, intrinsic and extrinsic mechanism and anticoagulants, procoagulants Anti coagulants anticlotting and fibrinolytic mechanisms in the body Prothrombin Time Bleeding time Clotting time Bleeding disorders Role of calcium in coagulation Clot and its retraction Thrombosis and Embolism Vitamin-k Von willebrand’s disease Plasmin Blood volume Measurement Regulation Variations Hyper and hypovolemia
Blood groups Blood transfusion – indication, types, modes and hazards Rh system of blood grouping, Rh incompatibility Fetalis, state preventive measure and treatment for the same. Blood banking minor blood group systems Spleen functions Lymphatic system and lymph Lymphatic circulation formation and composition of lymph functions of lymph and lymph nodes of lymphedema 3 system 20 HRS 1. Physiological anatomy with respect to its chambers, valves, input and output vessels, AV ring and electrical discontinuity, Conducting system, Coronary supply Difference between systemic and circulation Junctional tissues Pacemaker Functions of syncitium of heart 2.Properties of cardiac muscle including conductive system of heart Starling’s law & its importance Action potential of cardiac muscle Refractory period Difference between cardiac and skeletal muscles
types Cardiac cycle – definition, time duration, phases, volume and pressure changes in atria, ventricles, aorta, pulmonary artery and jugular vein. and End diastolic volume, end systolic volume, ejection fraction. 3 Arrythmias – types Fibrillation and flutter Current of injury Effects of changes in electrolyte on Heart sounds-types Normal character, causes . Abnormal heart sounds -Cardiac Murmur 4. ECG – definition, recording, leads, waves, segments, intervals and significance and vector analysis Clinical uses of ECG Calculate rate from a normal ECG tracing 5. cardiac output – definition, values determination of COP, factors influencing, variations, Fick’s principle Heart Cardiac 6.Arterial blood pressure-def, variations, factors, the (neural and hormonal) and long term (renal) mechanisms regulating blood pressure Measurement of blood pressure Hypertension hypotension venous and capillary pressure Role of renin Korotkoff’s sounds 8. Heart rate - Regulation Reflexes(Marey’s, Bain-Bridge reflex) Tachycardia bradycardia Abnormal pulse
9.Regional circulation Coronary Cerebral Renal circulation Pulmonary Splanchnic Cutaneous circulation Fetal circulation Cushing reflex Cardiovascular adjustment during exercise the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system, mild to moderate and high intensity exercise on the blood pressure and heart rate in a normal subject & shock – Stages, Manifestations, Definition of Angina, Ischemia and Myocardial infarction or heart attack. The major ECG changes in: Myocardial ischemia; Myocardial infarction** Hemodynamics Types of blood flow Factors maintaining volume of blood flow Wind kessel effect Velocity of blood factors maintaining Circulation time- def and condition altering it Theories of 4 Respiratory system 16 HRS Functional Anatomy and functions of respiratory
system.*- the of the respiratory tract, the functions of nose and sinuses Difference between conducting zone and respiratory zone The structure of alveolus & alveolar capillary membrane functions of lung* physiological mechanism of protective reflexes -cough, sneeze and gag reflexes* The Normal Respiratory Rate Pulmonary circulation: Characteristic features, measurement and regulation of pulmonary blood flow Normal rate of pulmonary blood flow & normal range of pulmonary blood
give the reason for the same**. Zollinger Ellison Syndrome Pepsin, Gastrin Intrinsic factor Chyme Small intestine*: Properties, Composition & regulation of secretion and functions of intestinal juice. Brunners glands Large intestine*: Functions and formation of faeces State the importance of dietary fiber Megacolon Difference between constipation and diarrhea Movements of GI tract: Mastication*, deglutition*, gastric motility and emptying*- The process of mixing of food in the stomach, The factors influencing gastric motility of diarrheal reflux , Achalasia**
reabsorption in the collecting duct. The role of ADH in urea absorption from the collecing duct, enhancing the hyperosmolarity of Medullary Interstitium. Acidification of urine in Acid base balance - the different buffer systems in the body The role of the kidney in regulation of acid base balance Concentration of urine by different mechanisms Discuss the features of and the occurrence of metabolic alkalosis in the same** 5.Renal function test, Abnormal Constituents Of Urine 6.Micturition – its nervous control of intravesical pressure Higher center regulation of of Dialysis- Types* Mechanism of artificial kidney* Renal failure- Types & abnormalities Skin- Structure, diagram and functions Glands of skin* Triple response**
receptors and second messengers Hypothalamus : the relationship between hypothalamus and pituitary including the hypothalamohypophyseal tract and the hypothalamohypophyseal portal circulation List the various releasing and inhibiting hormones released by the hypothalamus Pituitary Gland - List the various hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary. Growth hormone: List the important actions of growth hormone, its effects on growth and metabolism the regulation of growth hormone secretion List the important stimuli that can increase or decrease growth hormone secretion Abnormalities of growth hormone secretion: the physiological basis and important features of conditions resulting from abnormal secretion of growth hormone, like gigantism, acromegaly and pituitary dwarfism Prolactin: the actions of prolactin and regulation of prolactin secretion, List the List the causes and describe features of and syndrome of of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) **
Adrenal Gland Adrenal Cortex: List the hormones secreted by the different layers of the adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids: List the important glucocorticoids The mechanism of action of glucocorticoids List the actions of glucocorticoids The regulation of glucocorticoid secretion List the causes of and the features of excess Glucocorticoid secretion Minearalocorticoids: List the important mineralocorticoids The mechanism of action of mineralocorticoids on its target cells The important actions of mineralocorticoids List the physiological stimuli that regulate mineralocorticoid secretion The regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion List the features of primary hyperaldosteronism or Conn’s syndrome Adrenal insufficiency: List the causes of and describe features of Addison’s disease Adrenal medulla: List the physiological effects of epinephrine and nor‐epinephrine on various systems of the body Adrenaline effects on CNS & Blood pressure Adrenal sex hormones - Exogenous steroids **
List the factors that regulate the secretion of adrenal medullary hormones List the features of Phaeochromocytoma Endocrine Pancreas: List the cells of the Islets of Langerhans and mention the hormone secreted by each Insulin: The in biosynthesis of Insulin and the origin of the C‐peptide (Connecting peptide) The physiological stimulus for Insulin secretion The activation of islets by its physiological stimulus resulting in Insulin secretion List the target cells of Insulin and the cells that do not require insulin action for uptake The mechanism of action of Insulin on its receptor List the important actions of insulin List the various factors that regulate insulin secretion Features of hypersecretion of Insulin and Hypoglycemia Glucagon : List the important actions of glucagon Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin deficiency leading to high blood sugar level the effects of high blood sugar and insulin deficiency** Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus and ** : List the feature of and the counter regulatory hormones List the hormones that raise blood sugar level
Female reproductive system: ovary, oogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteum, ovarian hormones – oestrogen, progesterone, relaxin,its functions, control of ovarian functions by hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. Menopause and changes*. Fertility control-by different methods** Menstrual cycle: ovarian cycle, uterine cycle, hormonal basis maintenance of pregnancy by hormones*: Fertilization, implantation, Placenta, placental hormones, parturition- role of hormones.* of unit** HCG** Pregnancy tests** Lactation* Mechanism, hormonal regulation and the development of mammary glands Composition and advantages of breast milk** circulation* 9 Central nervous system 25 HRS Organization of nervous system, Classification of nervous system and the components of the following divisions: CNS, PNS Somatic NS,Autonomic NS Morphology of different types of neurons with structure,
diagram , the process of myelination and its significance . Define the terms ‘nuclei’ and ‘ganglia’. Properties of Nerve fibres- Resting membrane potential (RMP) of a nerve cell. ‘receptor or generator potential’ in a sensory receptor ‘Action potential’ and the currents responsible for the different phases of the action potential in the neuron. Process of transmission of action potential in unmyelinated and myelinated neurons. Factors affecting conduction velocity in a nerve. Nerve fibres: Ehrlanger & Gasser’s classification of peripheral nerve fibres** Node of ranvier** Salutatry Nerve Injury, Degeneration And Regeneration Of Injured Fibres Neuroglia-definition, classification and Properties Basal ganglia: components, connections, functions, applied Physiology*. Synapse and functions. Define the terms electrical & chemical synapse Description of the morphological features of a chemical synapse – pre and post synaptic neurons ‘excitatory or inhibitory potentials (EPSP and Properties of synapse*: One-way conduction Synaptic delay Convergence and Divergence of synapses Spatial summation law** Synaptic fatigue**
(regulation of muscle tone) inverse stretch reflex. Polysynaptic reflexes: withdrawal reflex. Sensory system: pain, temperature, vibration, sensory cortex Gate control theory** Leminnsci** Physiology of Pain: visceral pain, pain inhibiting mechanism, gating of pain, opioids, analgesia, hyperalgesia, thalamic syndrome Referred pain**, Phantom limb pain** Tracts- Ascending and descending tracts – pyramidal & extrapyramidal tracts,details of each tracts – (situation & extent in spinal cord, origin, course & termination, collaterals, somatotopic arrangement, functions, applied aspect, tests)Define the term ‘Sensory and Motor homunculus’. Sensation, pathway from head, face region. Description of the features and physiological basis of upper motor neuron lesion and lower motor neuron lesion, differences between UMN & LMN lesions. Spinal cord- white matter and grey matter with nuclei , Tabis dorsalis*, syringomyelia*, section of anterior root & posterior root. Definiton and describe the (hemiplegia, paraplegia, monoplegia & Brown- Sequerd syndrome** Multiple sclerosis** Disc prolapsed** Cerebral cortex Identify the major somatic and special
Hypothalamus: structure & functions rhythm Reward and punishment centres Thalamus, List the groups of thalamic nuclei. outline of connections of thalamus, function Thalamic syndrome Physiology of sleep and wakefulness and its mechanism. Disorders of Sleep** Higher functions of the learning & memory, Define the role of Wernicke’s & Broca’s areas in language & speech Define aphasia and state the site of lesion in motor and sensory aphasia Alzheimers disease** Dementia** Retrograde amnesia** Aphasia** Define stem and its parts Red nucleus Define reticular formation, functions, ascending reticular activating system 20. Cerebrospinal formation, properties, composition, circulation, absorption and functions BBB and significance 10 Special senses 10 HRS Vision : List Of The Structures Within The Eyeball. Functions of lacrimal gland*, rhodopsin* Theories of colour vision & hearing **List the
8 Vitamins Define Vitamins. Classify Vitamins. daily requirement General properties of Vitamins The Sources, RDA, Biochemical functions and Deficiency manifestations of Vitamin A.,D and C functions and Deficiency manifestations of Niacin Thiamine, acid Cynocobalamin Vitamin B12, pyridoxine. Vit E. Absorption of Vit B12. Pernicious Anemia Antivitamines Walds Visual Cycle Antioxidants with examples 9 Metabolism digestion and absorption of carbohydrates Synthesis and break down of Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle Gluconeogenesis, HMP shunt pathway Metabolism of Glycine. Blood sugar level and its regulation, oral GTT and glycosuria, Biochemistry of diabetes mellitus Pentose phosphate pathway
10 Lipid Metabolism Digestion and absorption of Lipids Beta oxidation, biosynthesis of saturated acids only, cholesterol biosynthesis, transport (role of HDL & LDL) Excretion, Adipose tissue metabolism Ketogenesis Ketolysis and Ketosis Cholesterol biosynthesis. Fatty acid synthesis Lipolysis and fatty liver and 11 Protein Metabolism digestion and absorption ofProtiens Fate of amino acid in the body (Deamination, Transmination, Fates of ammonia (Urea cycle, glutamine formation), Pathways of synthesis and catabolism of acids other than aromatic and amino acids Purine and pyrimidine of and the related of aromatic and sulphur containing amino acids and their
Document and present laboratory values of common investigations Sl. No Must Know Desirable to Know 1 Haematology 80 1. Study of compound microscope 2. Introduction to haematology 3. Collection of blood sample 4. Estimation of haemoglobin 5. Hemocytometry 6. RBC count 7. Total leucocytes count 8. Preparation and examination of blood smear 9. Differential Leucocyte count 10. Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (demonstration) 11. Determination of blood group (demonstration) 12. Determination of bleeding time and clotting time 1.Absolute eosinophil count 2. Platelet count 3.Reticulocyte 4. Determination of hematocrit (demonstration) 5. Determination of indices (demonstration) 6. Osmotic fragility of red cells (demonstration)
2 Human experiments 60 General examination Respiratory system – clinical examination, spirometry, stethography Gastrointestinal system – clinical examination Cardiovascular system – blood pressure recording, radial pulse, , clinical examination ECG muscle physiology – Mosso’sergography, handgrip dynamometer (demonstration) Nervous system – clinical examination 7. Special senses – Clinical examination Reproductive system – diagnosis of pregnancy (demonstration) 3 Biochemistry 60 Demonstration of uses of instruments or equipment Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates and proteins (Analysis of lipid is presently not done) Normal characteristics of urine Abnormal constituents of Demonstration practical Qualitative estimation of glucose, total proteins, uric acid in blood Liver function test Kidney function test Lipid profile and discussion of results of biochemical tests 4 departmental symposium 75
Inimical Remedy, Antidote, Active Principle, Alkaloid, Glycosides, Resinoids, Tannins, Resins Symptoms, Common Symptoms, Concomitant Symptom, Clinical symptom 5 Components of pharmacy 6 hrs of pharmacy – identification, collection, combining etc. Relationship between Hom. Pharmacy and Materia Medica, Organon of Medicine & National Economy Scope of Homoeopathic Pharmacy Specialty and originality of Homoeopathic Pharmacy Definition of Pharmacist Qualities & functions of Pharmacist -- -- 6 Weights & measurements 2 hrs Different systems for weights& measures - Metric system, Imperial system (British) & Apothecary’s system (USA) with their fundamental units Domestic/ household measures with their equivalents in imperial system & metric system - 1 drop, 1 tea spoonful, dessert spoonful, table spoon, tea cupful, tumblerful of metric system with other systems drop measure
7 Nomenclature of Homoeopathic drugs with their anomalies 1 hr -- Introduction to Binomial system of nomenclature Anomalies & errors in the nomenclature of medicines II. Raw Materials: Drug and Vehicle - 21 hrs 1 Sources of drugs (taxonomic classification with reference to utility) 4 hrs Different sources of Homoeopathic drugs Vegetable kingdom, Animal kingdom, Mineral kingdom, Nosodes, Sarcodes, Imponderabilia, Synthetic source, with reference to their clinical utility 1.Vegetable kingdom (Morphological classification): Drugs prepared from whole plant, roots& rhizome, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, bark, wood, extract & other plant constituents 2.Animal kingdom: Drugs prepared from whole living animal, whole dried animal, different parts, and secretion of animal, including ophiotoxins 3.Mineral kingdom &Chemicals Drugs prepared from acids, elements, compounds, minerals, mineral spring water 4.Nosodes Definition & examples for nosodes prepared from human, animal & plant classification of plant drugs with examples (Benthem & Hooker classification) of animal drugs with examples Non vertebrate porifera, coelentirata, annelida, mollusca, Vertebrate amphibian, reptilian, aves, mammalia sources of drugs – Allergodes & Isodes & of nosodes per HPI Bowel nosodes Tissue remedies Bach flower remedies
properties & advantages Purifiedwater – preparation, properties, uses & demerits, impurities present in water Ethyl Alcohol – sources, preparation, properties, advantages & disadvantages, precautions in preserving alcohol, uses & impurities of alcohol, varieties of alcohol with their strength, uses & conversions to different varieties of alcohol Proof spirit (alcoholometry) – definition & significance Glycerine–source, properties and uses Simple syrup (syrup simplex) – source, preparation & uses Olive oil –source, properties & uses Vaseline (soft paraffin) – source, varieties & uses Waxes –definition, varieties & uses oil oil oil oil oil oil Soap – source, varieties & uses lard 4 Homoeopathic pharmaceutical instruments and appliances 5 hrs Features & uses of: mortar & pestle, water bath, microscope, porcelain dish, percolator, macerator, hot air oven, pycnometer, balances, chopping board, knife, press & sieves Crucible, pill tiles, hydrometer, alcoholometer, lactometer, desiccator, various glassware -- III. Homoeopathic Pharmaceutics: 31 hrs
1 Mother tincture and its preparation 6 hrs Definition of mother tincture Different classes of preparation of Homoeopathic medicines according to old method with examples Drug power of mother tinctures and other preparations according to old method Utility of drug power of mother tincture, solution & substance Peculiarities of new method of mother tincture preparation Importance of moisture content of plant Definition of maceration, percolation, menstruum, merc, magma, digestion Procedure of maceration Diagrammatic description of percolator Procedure of percolation Preparation of percolator(tow) Preparation of drug substances for percolation Actual process of preparation of mother tincture between allopathic mother tincture & homoeopathic mother tincture between old method and new method of mother tincture preparation of old method of mother tincture preparation of percolation – different forces acting during percolation like gravitational capillary force, osmotic pressure & surface tension between percolation and maceration Tincture triturates 2 Various scales used in 5 hrs Different scales (ratio) used in Hom. Pharmacy- decimal Relation between decimal scale and Background of fifty millesimal
Process of Potentization – trituration & succussion Definition & procedure of trituration Precaution to be during trituration Merits & demerits of trituration Conversion of trituration into liquid potency (jumping potency/ fluxion potency) Definition of straight potency Definition of high fluxion potency Single vial & multiple vial method Definition of back potency & its utility Definition, procedure & utility of succession over trituration 4 External application (focus on scope of Homoeopathic lotion, glycerol, liniment and ointment) 4 hrs List of external application used in Homoeopathy Different vehicles used as bases for external application Glycerol: definition, preparation, uses and examples Liniment (embrocations): definition, preparation, uses and examples Lotion: definition, preparation, uses and examples Ointment: definition, methods for preparation of ointments (mechanical incorporation method & view on external application with reference to Organon Types of external application – liquid and of starch (glycerol amyli) external application like poultice (cataplasms), fomentations, opodeldocs, cerates, plasters, suppositories, mulliein oil
Oz, QID, SOS, Stat, TID, Vac ven 8 Concept of placebo 1 hr Synonyms Definition Utility of placebo -- view regarding placebo (related aphorisms) 9 Pharmaconomy – routesof Homoeopathic drug administration 1 hr Definition of Pharmaconomy Various routes or channels of administration of Homoeopathic medicines -- -- 10 Dispensing of medicines 1 hr Different dosage forms Dispensing of mother tincture, liquid potencies and powder triturates Different vehicles used for dispensing medicine Advantages & disadvantages of dispensing in & liquid form Plussing method Reference to Organon -- 11 Basics of adverse drug reactions and 1 hr Meaning of drug reaction Drug interactions Antidotes Inimicals Definition of pharmaco-vigilance Importance of pharmaco-vigilance Medication errors – overdose, misuse & abuse of a drug as well as drug exposure during pregnancy & breastfeeding remedies Drug safety with special reference to HPI associated with use of external applications & other vigilance
products event reporting Risk management IV. Pharmacodynamics: 14 hrs 1 Homoeopathic 3 hrs Definition of pharmacology Branches of pharmacology Definition of pharmacodynamics Procedure for ascertaining disease producing power a)Homoeopathic drug proving b) Toxicological findings c) Laboratory experiments Drug action on healthy human being (three fold action on human being) – chemical action, mechanical action, &dynamic action Dynamic effects on healthy human being according to Hahnemann – primaryaction & secondary action Dynamic effects on healthy human being according to Carol Dunham – genericaction & specific action between Homoeopathic &that of old school of dynamic power with examples merits and demerits of employing excessive large dose, moderate dose and dose 2 Drug proving (related aphorisms of Organon of medicine) and merits& demerits of proving on humans and animals 5 hrs Definition of drug proving Pre-requisites (essentials) of drug proving Reference of Organon Objectives of drug proving Criteria for selection of provers Drug proving team Single blind method & double blind method of drug proving Recent advances in drug proving
Methods of standardization 2 Good manufacturing practices; industrial pharmacy 2 hrs Definition of GMP Guidelines for GMP Ideal Homoeopathic manufactory Standard operating procedures Important lab methods such as dilution, solution, sedimentation, precipitation, crystallization, decantation, filtration, sublimation, moisture content estimation -- Mixing Drying & finance of 3 Homoeopathic pharmacopoeia laboratory- functions & activities, relating to quality control of 1 hr Fixation of raw material standards Finished product standards HPL publications of standards Drug testing of survey samples Drug testing of referred samples of medicinal plants Reference nosode collection VI. Legislations pertaining to Pharmacy: 7 Hrs 1 The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (23 of 1940) (in reaction to Homoeopathy); Definition of Cosmetics & Homoeopathic medicine -- Schedule M1 2 Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 (in relation to Homoeopathy) Provisions governing Sales, Manufacture & -- --
Long Essays (LE) 02 10 20 Short Essays (SE) 10 05 50 Short Answers (SA) 10 03 30 MAXIMUM MARKS 100 Question Paper Blueprint No. Topic Marks Question type I . General Concepts and Orientation 1. History of pharmacy with emphasis on emergence of Homoeopathic Pharmacy. 10 5 + 5 (2 SE) 2. Official Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (Germany, Britain, U.S.A, India) 3. Important terminologies like scientific common names, synonyms. 4. Definitions in Homoeopathic Pharmacy. 5. Components of Pharmacy. 6. Weights and measurements. 7. Nomenclature of Homoeopathic drugs with their anomalies. II. Raw Material : Drugs and Vehicles 1 Source of drugs (taxonomic classification, with reference to utility) 26 10 + 5 + 5 + 3 + 3 (1 LE + 2 SE + 2 SA 2 Collection of drug substances 3 Vehicles 4 Homoeopathic Pharmaceutical Instruments and appliances III. Homoeopathic Pharmaceutics 1. Mother tincture and its preparation – old and new methods. 2. Various scales used in Homoeopathic Pharmacy 3. Drug dynamisation or potentisation 4. External applications (focus on scope of Homoeopathic lotion, glycerol, liniment and ointment). 5. Doctrine of Signature 6. Posology (focus on basic principles; related aphorisms of Organon of medicine). 7. Prescription (including abbreviations) 8. Concept of placebo 9. Pharmaconomy - routes of Homoeopathic drug administration. 10. Dispensing of medicines