o family situation and resources; o social and ethnic networks and engagement with the community; o linkages to the country of origin; o pre-migration experiences including employment experience in country of origin; o the migration process: the context and reasons for migration, offshore/onshore visa application, visa subclass, time spent in refugee camp and/or detention and country of location, time spent in transit countries; o frequency and duration of use of community and government resources: specific settlement support programs for humanitarian migrants available through the Integrated Humanitarian Settlement Strategy, other settlement services such as the Adult Migrant English Program and Translating and Interpreting Services, mainstream government programs (Medicare and Centrelink), and migrant resource centres; o prevailing economic and labour market conditions. The second set of questions relates to access and use of government and non-government support services and government welfare benefits and their effectiveness in contributing to humanitarian migrants’ successful settlement. The specific research questions are:  Which humanitarian migrants are more likely to access government and non- government support services and government welfare benefits?  Which types of services and benefits do they access and use?  At which times after arrival do they access these services, for how long or how frequently do they use them?  Do their access and use of these services change during the period of settlement and in what ways?  Which patterns of use of these services are associated with improved outcomes during the observed settlement period?  What is the level of use that is associated with a significant improvement in the various measures of outcomes?
migrants.” Paper presented at the workshop on Following Migrants Forward. Canberra: Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Hugo, G., 2011. Economic, Civic and Social Contributions of First and Second Generation Humanitarian Migrants. Canberra: Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Khoo, S.E., 2010a. “How longitudinal surveys can be used to better measure how well immigrants are settling in Australia”. Paper presented at the workshop on Following Migrants Forward. Canberra: Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Khoo, S.E., 2010b. “Health and Humanitarian migrants’ economic participation”, Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 12: 327-339. Khoo, S.E. and McDonald, P., 2001. Settlement Indicators and Benchmarks. Report to the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Canberra. Lester, L. H., 2008. Measuring, Modelling and Monitoring the Dynamics of Labour Market Success and Successful Settlement of Immigrants to Australia. National Institute of Labour Studies, Flinders University, Unpublished PhD thesis. , 2009. “A multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model of immigrant settlement success.” Paper presented at the XXVI International Population Conference of the IUSSP, Marrakech, October 2009. Neuwirth, G., Jones, S. and Eyton, J., 1989. “Immigrant settlement indicators: a feasibility study.” Research Abstract. Employment and Immigration Canada. Refugee Council of Australia, 2010. Economic, Civic and Social Contributions of Refugees and Humanitarian Entrants: A Literature Review. Canberra: Department of Immigration and Citizenship.