abyŏng 牙兵 officers’ personal aides known as the ivory soldiers JP Aeguk kyemong-ki 애국계몽기 the period of the patriotic enlightenment movement SJK aekkak 額角 forehead WD ajŏn 衙前 yamen attendants or local clerks JP alsŏngsi 謁聖試 one of the special examinations VN Amhaeng ŏsa 暗行御史 secret censor JP An-ch’a-shih (C.) 按察使 governor JP angmyŏn 仰面 ventral side of the body WD anjŏng 眼睛 pupils WD asa 衙舍 magistrate’s office SJK chaaek 自縊 suicide by hanging WD ch’abi 差備 specialized workmen JP chabo 資保 equipment support persons JP chaboin 資保人 material support persons W chabyŏk 雜役 Miscellaneous taxes SJK chaejo chi ŭn 再造之恩 Chosŏn’s indebtedness to the Ming’s military aid VN Ch’aekchung illok 柵中日錄 Prison Diary VN ch’aengmun husi 柵門後市 a market in the palisade settlement SJK Chaep’anjang 裁判長 chief justice WD Chaep’anso 裁判所 court WD chaesang / zaixiang 宰相 Grand councilors RM Ch’agwan 差官 court messengers VN chaik 自溺 suicide by drowning WD chajahyŏng 刺字刑 punishment of tattooing a letter on a criminal’s face or arm WD Chakch’ŏng 作廳 Public Administration Bureau SJK Ch’albang 察訪 superintendent of Post Stations Jr. 6 W Ch’ambong 參奉 Tomb guardian JP Ch’amch’angwan 參贊官 participant of the Office of the Royal Lectures Sr. 3 W Ch’amgun 參軍 bailiff of the Seoul Magistracy Sr. 7 W Ch’amgyo 參校 assistant editor of the Office of Diplomatic Correspondence Jr. 3 W ch’amha 參下 officials of ranks 6-9 JP
Ch’amjang 參將 general WD Ch’amji 參知 assistant vice-minister of the Ministry of War JP Ch’amjŏng 參政 senior councilor WD Ch’ammo 參謀 staff officer SJK Ch’ammogwan 參謨官 staff officer VN Ch’amni 參理 consultant JP Ch’amp’an 參判 second minister of the Six Ministries Jr. 2 W chamsang 潛商 smugglers SJK ch’amsanggwan 參上官 positions of rank six and above SJK Ch’amŭi 參議 third minister of the Six Ministries Sr. 3 W chang 長 elder, one 10-20 years order than ego JP chang 丈 a measuring unit of approximately 2.08 meters SJK chang 杖 heavy stick, or beating with the heavy stick WD Chang 將 commanding general of the Five Military Commands Jr. 2 Chang 將 commandant of the Palace Guards Headquarters Jr. 2 Changch’o 壯抄 robust select soldiers JP Ch’anggam 倉監 granary supervisor SJK Changgŭmsa 掌禁司 Bureau of Forbidden Affairs JP changgun 將軍 general SJK Changgwan 將官 constable, guard officer JP Changgwan 將官 commander SJK changgyo 掌校 head officer WD changhyŏng 杖刑 punishment of beating with the heavy stick WD changjong 長從 long-term, professional soldiers JP Changnyŏng 掌令 third inspector of the Office of the Inspector-General (2) Sr. 4 W Changŭi 掌議 supervisor VN changyang purhyo 將養不效 nursing [of the injury] did not work WD Changyesa 掌隸司 Slave Bureau proposed by Yu Hyongwon JP Changyewŏn 掌隸院 Slave Agency (early Chosŏn dynasty) JP Changyewŏn 掌隸院 Bureau of Slave Administration W Changyongwi 壯勇衛 Robust and Brave Guards JP Changyongyŏng 壯勇營 Office of the Robust and Brave Guards SJK
Ch’anjŏng 贊政 councilor WD chapsaekkun 雜色軍 miscellaneous reserve soldiers JP Ch’asawŏn 差使員 (river transport grain) commissioners JP chedu 臍肚 lower belly WD Chegam 諸監 chiefs of directorates JP Chehak 提學 deputy director of the Office of Royal Decrees Jr. 2 Chehak 提學 deputy director of the Office of the Special Counselors Jr. 2 chehu 諸侯 feudal lords JP Chejo 提調 commissioner, or assistant commissioner (of the Border Defense Command or other agencies) JP Chejo 提調 director of the Marketing Control Office W Chejo 提調 superintendent of the Royal Stables Administration W chejŏn 祭田 ancestral ritual lands VN chesa 題辭 adjudication WD chese chi in 濟世之人 a person who will save the world SJK chewŏn 諸員 runners JP chibae yangban 支配兩班 ruling yangban VN Chibŭi 執義 second inspector of the Office of the Inspector-General Jr. 3 W / JP chi-ch’ŏk 地尺 land-measuring ruler WD chigwan 地官 office of earth JP chigwan 地官 geomancer WD Chigwŏl 直月 secretary of a community compact JP chiji 地支 the twelve Earthly branches WD Chikchehak 直提學 second counselor of the Office of the Special Counselors Sr. 3 Chikchehak 直提學 second deputy director of the Office of Royal Decrees VN Chikch’ŏng 直廳 attendants assigned to a post or office JP Chikkang 直講 lecturer of the Royal Academy (4) Sr. 5 W ch’iljŏl 七絶 a poetry form of a quatrain in lines VN chilp’umsŏ 質稟書 Inquiry WD ch’ilyul 七律 A regulated verse in seven-syllable lines chin 鎭 garrison SJK
chinbon 眞本 authentic portrait VN chin’gwan 鎭管 regional command garrison of central garrison system of 1457 JP chindo changgun 眞道將軍 a general who truly mastered the Way SJK Chinhyulch’ŏng 賑恤廳 Relief Bureau SJK chinin 眞人 a true and genuine person SJK chinjang 鎭將 garrison commanders JP Chinjusa 陳奏使 envoy to present a memorial to the emperor JP chinsa 進士 a lower civil service examination degree or degree-holder, literary licentiate degree or degree-holder SJK Chinsawŏn 進士院 Hall for Advanced Scholars JP Chiphyŏnjŏn 集賢殿 Hall of Worthies W Chiphyŏnjŏn Haksa 集賢殿 學士 proctor of Hall of Worthies SJK Chipkang 執綱 sub-district administrator WD Chipsa 執事 staff military officer SJK Chipsabu 執事部 Chancellery RM Chip’yŏng 持平 fourth inspector of the Office of the Inspector-General (2) Sr. 5 W Chisa 知事 third minister of the Office of (6) Sr. 2 Chisa 知事 director of the Royal Academy Sr. 2 Chisa 知事 second deputy director of the Royal House Administration Sr. 2 Chisa 知事 deputy director of the office of the Royal Lectures Sr. 2 chisŏk 誌石 grave tablet ch’o 哨 a military company SJK ch’ŏ 妻 primary wife MD Chobangjang 助防將 auxiliary defense officer JP chobo 朝報 court gazette VN choch’am 朝參 court audience JP Choch’ang 漕倉 Maritime Transport Granaries JP Choch’ŏn-sŏk 朝天石 Stone to Ascend to the Heaven VN ch’odae 召待 royal audience JP ch’ogŏm 初檢 first inquest investigation WD ch’ogŏmgwan 初檢官 first inquest official WD
Counselors Sr. 9 Chŏngja 正字 second copyist of the Office of the Diplomatic Correspondence Sr. 9 W ch’ongjae 塚宰 High councilor RM chŏngjik 正職 regular officials JP ch’ŏngjik 廳直 boy servants JP ch’ŏngjik 淸職 prestigious positions SJK ch’ŏngjok 淸族 prestigious lineages SJK Chŏngjŏn 正殿 Hall of Rectitude JP chŏngmun 旌門 commemorative gates VN Chongmyo 宗廟 The Royal Ancestral Shrine JP Chŏngnang 正郞 section chief of the Six Ministries Sr. 6 W chŏngni 情理 sentiment and reason WD Chŏngnowi 定擄衛 The Jurchen Quelling Guards JP chŏngnyŏ 旌閭 commemorative halls VN ch’ŏngnyŏ 脊膂 area along the spine WD Ch’ŏngnyong-sa 靑龍寺 Blue Dragon Temple SJK Chŏngŏm 典檢 investigator JP Chŏngŏn 正言 fourth censor of the Office of Sr. 6 W Ch’ŏn’gwan 天官 officer of Heaven JP Ch’ongyungch’ŏng 摠戎廳 The Anti-Manchu Division (the Kyonggi Province Division) JP chŏngsa dang / zhenshi tang 政事堂 Administration Chamber RM Chongsagwan 從事官 chief administrative officer SJK chŏngsi 庭試 one of the special examinations VN chongsil 宗室 “main room” or primary wife MD chŏngsim 頂心 crown of the head WD chongson 宗孫 Most senior line of descent chŏngŭi 情誼 proper sentiment and sense of justice WD Chŏngyŏng 典經 third secretary of the Office of the Royal Lectures Sr. 9 W chŏnham 天銜 retired officials JP Chŏnhan 典翰 third counselor of the Office of the Special Counselors Jr. 3 W chŏnhwang 錢荒 shortage of copper cash SJK
Chungch’ubu 中樞府 Office of Ministers-without-Portfolio W chunggang husi 中江後市 a foreign trade market established on the Chinese side of the Amnok River SJK Chungguk 中國 Middle Kingdom VN Chunggun 中軍 deputy commander (of the Provincial Military Commander’s Office) or chief military officer in the county government WD chŭnggwangsi 增廣試 one of the special examinations VN Ch’unghunbu 忠勳府 Merit Awards Administration W Chunghwa-bu ogan 中和府獄案 Inquest Records of Chunghwa County WD chunghwa sasang 中華思想 China-centered culturalism SJK chungin 中人 middle status group VN Ch’ungjang-gong 忠壯公 Duke of Loyalty SJK ch’ungnyŏl 忠烈 loyalty and devotion VN Ch’ungnyŏllok 忠烈錄 Record of Loyalty and Devotion VN chŭngsi 贈諡 grant posthumous title VN Chungsi 中侍 director of the chancellery RM chungsindŭng 衆臣等 assembly of ministers RM Chŭngsu muwŏllok 增修無寃錄 Amplified and Corrected Coroner’s Guide for the Elimination of Grievances WD Chŭngsu muwŏllok ŏnhae Amplified and Corrected Coroner’s Guide for the Elimination of Grievances in Vernacular Korean WD Ch’ungŭi-dan 忠義壇 Stele of Loyalty and Righteousness SJK churoe or churi 周牢 torture or punishment of twisting legs by inserting wooden sticks between bound legs WD Chusŏ 注書 recorder of the Royal Secretariat Sr. 7 W Chwabingaek 左賓客 first mentor of the Crown Prince Tutorial Office Sr. 2 W Chwabubingaek 左副賓客 third mentor of the Crown Prince Tutorial Office Jr. 2 W Chwabusŭngji 左部承旨 fourth royal secretary of the Royal Secretariat Sr. 3 W chwajang 座長 village elder WD Chwarang 佐郞 assistant section chief of the Ministry of Works VN Chwarang 佐郞 assistant section chief of the Six Ministries Sr. 6 W Chwasu 座首 director of the Hyangch’ŏng (Bureau of WD
Local Yangban) Chwasŭngji 左承旨 second royal secretary of the Royal Secretariat Sr. 3 W Chwaŭijŏng 左議政 left state councilor VN Chwayŏngjang 左營將 left division commander VN Chwayun 左尹 second magistrate of the Seoul Magistracy Jr. 2 W Da Ming lü (K. Taemyŏngnyul) 大明律 Great Ming Code Great Ming Code WD habang 遐方 a remote region VN habang chi in 遐方之人 the people of remote regions VN haeng 行 brevetted WD haengjang 行狀 short biographies VN Haengryŏl-cha 行列字 Generation names Haengsagwan 行査官 special investigator WD Hagyu 學諭 third proctor of the Royal Academy Jr. 9 W Hakchŏng 學正 first proctor of the Royal Academy Sr. 8 W Hallim 翰林 historian SJK hallyang 閑良 unemployed military officer SJK hamhae 頷頦 under the jaw WD hammyŏn 合面 dorsal side of the body WD hanggyŏng 項頸 back of the neck WD Hangnok 學錄 second proctor of the Royal Academy Sr. 9 W han’gŭl 한글 vernacular Korean script invented in 1446 SJK Hansŏng-bu 漢城府 Capital District Office SJK Hansŏngbu 漢城府 Seoul Magistracy W hat’o 遐土 a remote region VN hat’o-chi-in 遐土之人 a person from a remote area SJK Ho 胡 Manchus or barbarians SJK hobok 胡服 Manchu-style dress SJK hoebong 灰封 preserving the corpse with ashes WD hoegwŏn 會圈 an official selection process in which incumbent officials mark a circle by the chosen candidate’s name after considering thecandidates’ qualifications SJK hoesi 會試 second-stage metropolitan examination VN hogun 胡軍 Manchu soldiers SJK
Hogun 護軍 third deputy commander of the Five Military Commands Sr. 4 W hoin 胡人 barbarians VN hojang 戶長 head clerk WD Hojo 戶曹 Ministry of Taxation SJK Hongmullok 弘文錄 a preliminary candidate roster for the Hongmun’gwan SJK Hongmun’gwan 弘文館 Office of the Special Councilors VN honjo 昏朝 dim reign of Kwanghae-gun VN Hŏnnap 獻納 third censor of the Office of Sr. 5 hop 合 1 hop = 0.1596 liter SJK horyŏm 戶斂 household levy SJK hosok 胡俗 barbarian custom VN C.huiguan 會館 native-place lodges VN Hullyŏn togam 訓鍊都監 Military Training Command VN Hullyŏn tojŏng 訓練都正 a senior third-rank position in the Military Training Command SJK hullyŏng 訓令 Order WD Hullyŏnwŏn 訓鍊院 Military Training Administration Hullyŏnwŏn Chŏng 訓練院 正 second commander of the Military Training Command SJK Hŭmhŭm sinsŏ 欽欽新書 New Writings on Circumspection in Judicial Decisions WD hŭmhyul chi ŭi 欽恤之義 meaning of legal prudence WD Hundo 訓導 instructor VN Hunjang 訓將 chief of the Military Training Administration SJK Hunjang 訓長 director of local school VN Hunyo sipcho 訓要十條 Ten Testamentary Instructions SJK husi 後市 irregular trading posts SJK hwabŏl 華閥 established descent groups SJK hwai-ron 華夷論 a theory differentiating those who received the benefit of Confucian transformation and those who did not SJK hwain 華人 civilized people SJK Hwangjang Kyŏngch’agwan 黃腸敬差官 special lumber commissioner VN hwanhae chingbi 宦海懲毖 career history SJK
hyŏngni 刑吏 a jailer, or a clerk at the Hyǒngbang (Bureau of Penal Affairs) WD hyŏnjo 顯祖 prominent ancestor SJK Hyŏpp’an 協辦 associate judge WD hyulchŏn 恤典 legal prudence WD hyungdang 胸膛 chest (of the body) WD idu 吏讀 “clerk’s writing,” which borrows either the reading or the meaning of Chinese characters to express some part of colloquial Korean WD igyu 耳竅 ear holes WD Ihŏn 里憲 sub-district administrator WD iim 里任 sub-district administrator WD Ijo 吏曹 Ministry of Personnel SJK ijŏk 夷狄 barbarians SJK Ijŏng 里正 sub-district administrator WD ilga 一家 Kinsmen or clan Ilsŏngnok 日省錄 Record of Daily Reflections WD ilsu 日守 county servants VN Imwŏn kyŏngjeji 林園經濟志 Treatises on the Economy of Land and Forest VN in’gi 印記 securing it with seals WD inhu 咽喉 throat WD injung 人中 philtrum WD inmul 人物 prominent personalities SJK "Inmyŏng" (C. Renming) 人命 “Homicide,” a section in the Great Ming Code WD ipchinsŏng 入鎭姓 moved-in surname groups also known as ipsŏng and naesŏng SJK iphyangjo 入鄕祖 move-in ancestors VN ipsŏng 入姓 moved-in surname groups also known as ipchinsŏng and naesŏng SJK iryun 耳輪 ear flaps WD Isa 貳師 second deputy director of the Crown Prince Tutorial Office Jr. 1 W isu 耳垂 ear lobes WD Kaebyŏk 개벽 Creation SJK kaengch’u 更推 second round deposition WD
kaesi 開市 open markets SJK Kaesŏngbu 開城府 Kaesong Magistracy W kaja 加資 upgrade rank SJK kajŏng 家政 family SJK kakkŭn 脚跟 heels WD kallyŏn 干連 a person involved, or living witness WD Kamch’al 監察 senior sixth rank post bailiff of the Office of the Inspector-General VN Kamgyŏl 鑑訣 Revelation by Kam SJK kamgyŏl 甘結 a directive issued by a higher level administrative unit to a lower one WD Kamsa 監司 provincial governor WD kamun 家門 family SJK Kamyŏng 監營 Provincial Governor’s Office WD kan 間 unit of measuring the size of a house; 1 kan refers to the width between two bearing poles, or 10 ch'ŏk WD kanbŏm 干犯 accomplice WD kanjŭng 看證 eyewitness WD kanso ch’inhoek 奸所親獲 catching adulterer and adulterous wife on the scene of adultery by the husband himself WD kanŭm 奸淫 adultery WD kap’ung 家風 family tradition SJK Karye chimnam 家禮輯覽 Compendium of Family Ritual VN Karye wŏllyu 家禮源流 Original Stream of Family Ritual VN kasa Discursive poetry Peter Lee kasa 가사 a long vernacular verse form SJK Kasŏn taebu 嘉善大夫 a Junior second-rank title SJK ki (C: qi) 氣 inner energy VN kigwan 記官 court recorder WD Kijugwan 記注官 recorder VN kimaek 氣脈 inner energy and pulse WD Kiroso 耆老所 Bureau of Superannuation SJK Kiroso Sujik 耆老所 守直 administrator of the Bureau of Superannuation SJK kisaeng 妓生 female professional entertainer VN
kŏbyŏng yŏkkoe yul 擧兵逆魁律 punishment for a traitor and rebel commander SJK kohan 辜限 death limit, or the period of responsibility for crimes WD koju 苦主 accuser WD kokto 穀道 anus WD kŏman 檢案 inquest record WD Kŏman ch’o 檢案抄 Selected Inquest Records WD kŏmbalsa 檢跋辭 concluding statements of inquest hearings WD kŏmgwan 檢官 inquest official WD kŏmje 檢題 trial adjudications WD kŏmsi 檢屍 physical examination of the body WD kŏmsi munan 檢屍文案 a legal draft on examining a dead body WD Kŏmt’ogwan 檢討官 commentator of the Office of Royal Lecturers, Sr. 6 W Kŏmyŏl 檢閱 a senior ninth-rank position at the Yemun’gwan SJK Kŏmyŏl 檢閱 third diarist of the Office of Royal Decrees, Sr. 9 W kong 公 duke RM kong nobi 公奴婢 public slave WD kongin 貢人 tribute middlemen or merchants SJK Kongjo 工曺 Ministry of Works VN kongjŭng 公證 official witness WD kongni 公利 public goods SJK kongnon 公論 public opinion VN kongsano 公私奴 public and private slave WD kongŭi 公議 public opinion VN Koryŏsa 高麗史 History of Koryŏ VN kŏsang 巨商 big merchant SJK kosi 古詩 ancient style poems VN kosin 拷訊 corporal punishment or torture WD ku 口 mouth WD kuae chi hyŏm 狗碍之嫌 procedural avoidance WD kuch’ŏk 毆踢 striking others with the hands or feet WD kuhyang 舊鄕 established yangban or original members of a local yangban association SJK
Kwansŏ 關西 P’yŏngan Province SJK Kwansŏ ch’ungnyŏl chŏn 關西忠烈傳 Story of Loyalty and Devotion in P’yŏngan Province Kwansŏ kosillok 關西故實錄 A TRUE History of P’yŏngan Province kwŏn 券 volume VN Kwŏn’gwan 權官 outpost officer, Jr.9 SJK kwŏnjŏm 圈點 placing a circle by the chosen candidate in the official selection process SJK kye 系 Branch or segment kye 契 cooperative financial arrangement or mutual assistance association SJK kyesil 繼室 second wife VN kyo 校 military officers SJK Kyogam 校勘 first drafter of the Office of the Diplomatic Correspondence Jr. 4 W Kyogŏm 校檢 third drafter of the Office of the Diplomatic Correspondence Sr. 6 W kyoji 敎旨 official appointment certificate SJK kyŏkchaeng 擊錚 petition by striking the gong WD kyŏl 結 a constant measure of crop yield produced by an area that varied from 2.2 to 9.0 acres depending on the fertility of the land SJK kyŏl 決 case review completed WD kyŏllyŏm 結斂 surcharges on land SJK kyŏlsa 結辭 concluding statement WD Kyŏmsa 兼史 historian SJK Kyŏngguk taejŏn 經國大典 Great Code of Administration VN kyŏnghwa sajok 京華士族 capital-based aristocratic families VN kyŏngjaeso 京在所 capital liaison office VN Kyŏngjo puji 京兆府誌 Gazetteer of Seoul WD kyŏngmul 莖物 penis WD Kyŏngnyŏk 經歷 secretary of the Office of Jr. 4 Kyŏngnyŏk 經歷 adjutant of Five Military Commands Headquarters Jr. 4 kyŏngse 經世 statecraft VN Kyŏngyŏn 經筵 Office of the Royal Lectures W kyŏngyŏnghyŏng punong 경영형부농 entrepreneurial peasants SJK
Kyori 校理 second drafter of the Office of the Diplomatic Correspondence Jr. 5 Kyori 校理 fifth counselor of the Office of the Special Counselors Sr. 5 Kyosŏgwan 校書館 Office of the Editorial Review W Kyosu 敎授 education officer Jr. 6 W Kyosu 敎授 preceptor SJK Kyunyŏkch’ŏng 均役廳 Equal Service Bureau SJK li 里 a measuring unit approximately 3.3 miles SJK li 里 a measuring unit of distance; 1 li = 449.17m VN Li or Ri 里 Sub-district WD Maehwa yŏng 梅花詠 “Rhapsody of Plum Tree” maehyang 賣鄕 sale of local yangban association membership SJK Maeksuga 麥秀歌 “Mourning Yin Melody” mal 斗 1 mal = 10 toe = 5.96 liter SJK Manch’wihŏn 晩翠軒 Hall of Ever Green VN Man’gyŏng-dae 萬景臺 Terrace of Ten Thousand Scenes VN Manho 萬戶 subarea commander SJK manin 滿人 Manchu people VN mansang 灣商 Ŭiju merchants SJK maripkan 麻立干 elevated chieftain RM millan 民亂 popular rebellions SJK milso 密疏 secret memorial VN min 緍 a string of coins; 1 min = 1 yang WD min’go 民庫 people's fund SJK minjung 민중 mass SJK minjung hyŏngmyŏng ŭi sŏn’gu 민중혁명의 선구 the herald of people's revolution SJK minyo 民謠 folk song SJK moban taeyŏk yul 謀叛大逆律 punishment for high treason SJK Mok 牧 Special County WD Moksa 牧使 magistrate of the City/ Island Sr. 3 W Moksa 牧使 magistrate of Special County WD mollak yangban 沒落兩班 fallen yangban SJK
mosa 謀士 strategist SJK Much’ŏng 武廳 Military Administration Bureau SJK mumu 貿貿 boorish VN mun 文 monetary unit; 100 mun = 10 chŏn = 1 yang WD munan 文案 inquest report WD munan palsa 文案跋辭 concluding statements of inquest examinations WD munbŏl 門閥 prominent families VN Munhak 文學 second tutor of the Crown Prince Tutorial Office Sr. 5 W munjae 文宰 a civil official SJK munjang 門長 lineage chief WD munjip 文集 collected literary works VN munjung 門中 lineage association VN munkwa 文科 higher civil service examination, or its degree or its degree-holder WD Munmyo 文廟 National Confucian Shrine munmyo 文廟 Confucian Shrine VN munmyŏng chi chi 文明之地 a land of civilization VN Munwŏn 文苑 Hongmun’gwan or Yemun’gwan SJK munwŏn chi pyŏng 文苑之病 illness of writers VN munye 文藝 skills in writing literature VN munyŏ 巫女 female shaman WD Muwŏllok 無寃錄 Coroner’s Guide for the Elimination of Grievances WD muyŏk 無役 no military obligation WD myogalmyŏng 墓碣銘 tomb stele inscriptions VN Myŏn 面 District WD myŏngbun 名分 one's proper station VN myŏngsagwan 明査官 a special investigator WD myŏnim 面任 district administrator WD Naebu 內部 Ministry of the Interior WD Naegŭmwi 內禁衛 Palace Guards Headquarters W Naegŭmwi in 內禁衛人 palace guardsmen naejaejŏk palchŏn non 내재적발전론 internal development theory WD
naeryong 來龍 incoming dragon vein (in geomancy) WD naesŏng 來姓 moved-in surname groups also known as ipchinsŏng and ipsŏng SJK Naesŏng sasin 內省私臣 private minister of the Palace Domestic Service RM Naesusa 內需司 Palace Supply Office W naeŭng 內應 fifth columnists SJK nakhyŏng 烙刑 punishment of putting a hot iron on the soles of a criminal's feet WD namdang 南堂 Southern Chamber or South Hall RM Namin 南人 Southerner Faction SJK namjŏngan 男丁案 military roster SJK nanjanghyŏng 亂杖刑 punishment of indiscriminate beating of the soles of a criminal's feet WD nisagŭm 尼斯今 Successor prince RM nobi 奴婢 slave WD noehu 腦後 occipital WD nogŭp 祿邑 stipend village nongmin hangjaeng 농민항쟁 peasant resistance movement SJK nongmin pallan 농민반란 peasant rebellion SJK Nonŏ (C: Lun yu) 論語 Analects VN Noron 老論 Patriach's Faction SJK nŭksa 勒死 strangled to death WD oebang yusaeng 外方儒生 students from a provincial area SJK oeson 外孫 descendants from a daughter’s line VN oeye 外裔 maternal line descendant VN ogan 獄案 criminal investigation records WD ohaeng 五行 five phases SJK ojak (C. wuzuo) 仵作 coroner’s assistant WD ojak no 仵作奴 slave coroner’s assistant WD ojak saryŏng 仵作使令 coroner’s assistant WD okchaegwan 獄在官 jailer WD okchŏng 獄情 facts of the case WD ŏmhyŏng ilch’a 嚴刑壹次 one round of beating WD ongmuyangbŏm 獄無兩犯 one crime shall not have two offenders WD ŏnmun 諺文 the Korean vernacular SJK
oŏn chŏlgu 五言絶句 A quatrain in five-syllable lines Oryeŭi 五禮儀 Five Rites of State VN Owi 五衛 Five Military Commands W Owi Puhogun 五衛 副護軍 fourth deputy commander of Five Military Commands, Jr.4 SJK Owi Toch’ongbu 五衛都摠府 Five Military Commands Headquarters W Owi toch’ongbu 五衛都摠府 Five Military Commands VN Owijang 五衛將 commander at the Five Military Commands, Sr.3 SJK P’a 派 Branch or segment P’ach'ong 把摠 battalion commander SJK pae 拜 bowing on their knees VN Paebijang 陪裨將 staff commander SJK Paeji 陪持 post-station runner SJK paekkwal or palgwal 白活 complaint petition WD Paksa 博士 seventh counselor of the Office of the Special Counselors Sr. 7 Paksa 博士 reference consultant of the Royal Academy Sr. 7 Palchang 撥長 post-station chief SJK p’alch’ŏn 八賤 eight meanest groups of people WD p’algo 八股 a genre of writing used for the civil service examination VN palgo 發告 file a complaint, or complainant WD p’algomun, baguwen 八股文 Eight-legged essay style palje 髮際 neck hairline WD palsa 跋辭 concluding statement WD p’anbu 判府 royal judgment WD Pang or Bang 坊 District WD pangim 坊任 sub-district administrator WD pangŏn 方言 dialect SJK P’an’gwan 判官 governor’s aide WD P’angwan 判官 a junior fifth-rank military office SJK P’angwan 判官 governor’s Aide / magistrate’s Aide Jr. 5 P’angwan 判官 auditor (and others) of the Royal House Administration Jr. 5
P’odo taejang 捕盜大將 director of the Capital Police Bureau VN P’odoch’ŏng 捕盜廳 Police Bureau SJK Podŏk 輔德 first tutor of the Crown Prince Tutorial Office Jr. 3 W pogo han’gi 保辜限期 period of responsibility for crimes WD pogosŏ 報告書 Report WD p’ok 幅 unit of fabric by width WD pokkŏm 覆檢 second inquest investigation WD poksi 覆試 second-stage metropolitan examination VN Pŏmmu Amun 法務衙門 Ministry of Justice WD pŏmmul 法物 investigation tools used for the examination of the corpse WD Ponggyo 奉敎 a senior seventh-rank office at the Yemun’gwan SJK Ponggyo 奉敎 first diarist of the Office of Royal Decrees Sr. 7 W pongmi 封彌 seal and stamp the answer sheet to hid examinee's identity VN Pongsangsi Ch’ŏmjŏng 奉常寺 僉正 fourth secretary at the Bureau of Royal Rituals, Jr.4 SJK pongwan 本貫 clan seat SJK pŏnho 藩胡 friendly Jurchen VN Pŏppu 法部 Ministry of Justice WD pŏryŏl 閥閱 capital-based prominent yangban families in the late Chosŏn SJK posang 褓商 wrapping merchant WD Posangch’ŏng chŏlmok 袱商廳節目 Principles of peddlers’ associations WD posangdan 褓商團 peddlers’ association WD Pu 傅 deputy director of the Crown Prince Tutorial Office Sr. 1 W pu 賦 rhyme prose VN Pu 府 Special City WD pu chiryŏng 部指令 Order from the Ministry of Justice WD Pubyŏngnu 浮碧樓 Pavilion of Floating Green VN Puch’onggwan 副摠官 deputy commander of the Five Military Commands Headquarters Jr. 2 W Pugin 北人 Northerners VN puho 富戶 rich household SJK
Pusuch’an 副修撰 junior sixth counselor of the Office of the Special Counselors Jr. 6 W Puŭnggyo 副應敎 junior fourth counselor of the Office of the Special Counselors Jr. 4 W Puwŏngun 府院君 great lord W Puwŏnsu 副元帥 assistant supreme commander SJK Puyun 府尹 magistrate of the Special Capital Jr. 2 W Puyun 府尹 magistrate of P’yŏngyang VN Puyun 府尹 magistrate of Special City WD p’ye sa-gun 廢四郡 the area where four districts were located in the early Chosŏn period SJK p’yo 表 documentary prose VN P’yohaerok 漂海錄 Record of Drifting across the Sea VN pyŏk 僻 obsession VN Pyŏl-Chongsagwan 別從使官 special staff officer VN pyŏl yuho 別儒戶 quasi-yangban households SJK Pyŏlchang 別將 garrison commander, Jr.9 SJK Pyŏlgam 別監 assistant director of the Bureau of Local Yangban SJK Pyŏlgŏm 別檢 assistant supervisor at the Ice Storage VN pyŏlji 別紙 addendum WD pyŏllan 변란 politically charged rebellions SJK pyŏllyŏmun 騈儷文 four- or six-pair couplets VN pyŏlsi 別試 special examination VN Pyŏngburyŏng 兵部令 director of the Ministry of War RM P’yŏngjangsa 平章事 manager of Important National Security Matters RM Pyŏngjo 兵曹 Ministry of Military Affairs WD Pyŏngma Ch’ŏmjŏlchesa army second deputy commander Jr. 3 W Pyŏngma Chŏlchesa 兵馬節制使 army deputy commander Sr. 3 W Pyŏngma Chŏltosa 兵馬節度使 army commander Jr. 2 W Pyŏngma P’yŏngsa 兵馬評事 army aide Sr. 6 W Pyŏngma Tonch’ŏmjŏlchesa army third deputy commander Jr. 4 W Pyŏngma Uhu 兵馬虞候 army inspector Jr. 3 W p’yŏngmun 平問 interrogation without torture WD
p’yŏngnip 平笠 coarse bamboo hat WD P’yŏngniwŏn 平理院 Supreme Court WD Pyŏngsa 兵使 provincial military commander SJK P’yŏngsisŏ 平市署 Marketing Control Office W P’yŏngyang chi 平壤志 Gazetteer of P’yŏngyang VN P’yŏngyang sokchi 平壤續志 Gazetteer of P’yŏngyang, Continued VN Pyŏngyŏng 兵營 Provincial Military Commander’s Office WD pyŏnjang 邊將 military office in border region SJK SJK p’yŏnjwa 偏左 left side of the head WD p’yŏno chi ryu 編伍之類 commoners obliged to military service SJK p’yŏnu 偏右 right side of the head WD pyŏnsinsul 變身術 occult arts SJK roehyŏng 牢刑 torture or punishment of twisting legs by inserting wooden sticks between bound legs WD Sa 師 director of the Crown Prince Tutorial Office W sa 司 battalion SJK sa 辭 prose-poetry VN saaek sŏwŏn 賜額書院 royal-chartered private academy SJK saan 査安 special investigation report WD sabi 私婢 private female slave WD Saboksi 司僕侍 Royal Stables Administration W sabon 寫本 a copy VN sabu 士夫 scholar-official WD Sabyonnok 思辨錄 Thoughtful Elucidations VN sadaedŭng 仕大等 official grandee RM saengwŏn 生員 a lower civil service examination degree or degree-holder; classics licentiate or its degree-holder SJK Sagan 司諫 second censor of the Office of Jr. 3 W Saganwŏn 司諫院 Office of the Censor-General SJK Saguk (Sillokch’ŏng) Tansang director of the Veritable Records Office W Sagwa 司果 sixth rank of military officer of the Five Military Commands Sr. 5 W General
Sagwan 史官 historian W Sagwan 史官 recorder W Sagwangsŏ 四館所 Office of the Examinations W Sagyŏng 司經 first secretary of the Office of the Royal Lectures Sr. 7 W Sahak 四學 Four Colleges W Sahŏnbu 司憲府 Office of the Inspector-General W sahwa 私和 private settlement WD sahwan 使喚 a domestic servant SJK sahyŏng 死刑 punishment of death penalty or capital punishment WD sahyŏng 私刑 private punishment or torture WD sain 士人 a scholar or yangban SJK sajang 詞章 belles lettres VN Saji 司紙 overseer of the Paper Manufactory Jr. 6 W Sajik 司直 fifth rank military officer of the Five Military Commands Sr. 5 W sajok 士族 political and social elites of Chosŏn VN Sajŏng 司正 seventh rank military officer of the Five Military Commands Sr. 7 W sallim 山林 rustic scholar VN Samaeng 司猛 junior rank military officer of the Five Military Commands Sr. 8 W samasi 司馬試 triennial lower civil service examinations SJK samch’u 三推 third deposition WD Samdo t’ongjesa 三道統制使 regional naval commander, Jr.2 SJK samgarye 三加禮 capping ceremony VN samgong 三公 three high state councilors W Samguk sagi 三國史記 History of the Three Kingdoms Samguk yusa 三國遺事 Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms VN samin 徙民 policy of population relocation VN samsip se 三十歲 thirty years old WD samsumi 三手米 rice surtax to support the three types of soldiers SJK samun nanjŏk 斯文亂賊 a despoiler of the TRUE Way VN san 山 grave, gravesite, graveyard, or mountain WD San guo zhi yan yi 三國志演義 Romance of the Three Kingdoms SJK
Saye 司藝 second assistant master of the Royal Academy Sr. 4 W Sayong 司勇 ninth rank military officer of the Five Military Commands Sr. 9 W se 歲 counting unit of person’s age VN segŏji 世居地 semipermanent residence SJK Seja Sigangwŏn 世子侍講院 Crown Prince Tutorial Office W Sejong sillok chiriji Veritable Records of King Sejong’s Geographic Survey VN Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚 Classified Compendium of Affairs and Things VN sich’in 屍親 the close relative of the deceased WD Sidokkwan 侍讀官 reader of the Office of the Royal Lectures Sr. 5 W Siganggwan 侍講官 expositor of the Office of the Royal Lectures Sr. 4 W sigŭp 食邑 Stipend village RM Sigyŏng 詩經 Book of Poetry VN sijang 屍帳 autopsy or inquest form WD sije 時祭 anniversary ancestor ritual WD sikkisang 食氣顙 esophagus WD silchik 實職 regular office SJK Sillok 實錄 Veritable Records VN "Sim Ch’ong ka" 심청가 “Song of Sim Ch’ŏng” WD simgam 心坎 between the chest and belly WD Simjam (C: Xin zhen) 心箴 “The Maxim to Our Mind” VN Simnirok 審理錄 Records of Royal Reviews WD simsang 心喪 three years of mourning in one’s heart VN Sinan’gwan 新安館 the guesthouse in Chŏngju SJK sindobi 神道碑 spirit-path stele VN singni 殖利 interest income from loaning out the fund SJK singnyŏnsi 式年試 triennial regular examination VN sinhae t’onggong 辛亥通共 joint-sale decree in 1791 which allowed unlicensed merchants to operate in the capital alongside the six shops SJK sinhyang 新鄕 local yangban or people with lesser social status who aspired to earn membership in a local yangban association SJK
sinim sahwa 辛壬士禍 purges of 1721–22 VN Sinju Muwŏllok 新註無寃錄 Newly Annotated Coroner’s Guide for the Elimination of Grievances WD Sinjŭng Tongguk yŏji sŭngnam Augmented Survey of the Geography of Korea VN Sinmirok 신미록 A Story of Sinmi Year SJK sinmun 顖門 fontanel WD sinnang 腎囊 scrotum WD sinsa 神師 holy master SJK Sirang 侍郞 vice-director RM sirhak 實學 practical learning VN sirin 實因 TRUE cause of death WD Siwigwan 侍衛官 escort WD so-chunghwa 小中華 lesser civilization SJK Sobuk 小北 Small Northerners VN sŏdang 書堂 village school SJK Sŏdo chabyŏng 西都雜詠 “Miscellaneous Songs of the Western Capital” VN sŏgi 書記 court clerk WD Sŏgigwan 書記官 document clerk SJK sog’o-gun 束伍軍 sog’o army which was modeled after the Zhejiang system of military organization in the late Ming period SJK Sŏgyŏng 書經 Book of History VN Sŏgyŏng chi 西京志 Gazetteer of P’yŏngyang VN Sŏgyŏng pu 西京賦 “Song of the Western Capital” VN Sŏgyŏng sihwa 西京詩話 A Talk on Poetry from the Western Capital VN Sŏgyŏng t’ongji 西京通志 Comprehensive Gazetteer of P’yŏngyang VN Sohak 小學 The Elementary Learning or The Lesser Learning SJK sohwa 小華 lesser civilization SJK sŏin 西人 P’yŏngan people SJK Sŏin 西人 Westerner Faction SJK sŏjae 書齋 study hall WD sojang 訴狀 petition WD Sŏjŏng Towŏnsu 西征都元수 commander-in-chief of the western expedition W
sojunghwa 小中華 a lesser civilization VN Sok taejŏn Supplementary Great Code sŏl 舌 tongue WD Sŏlgyŏng 設經 second secretary of the Office of the Royal Lectures Sr. 8 W Sŏlsŏ 設書 fifth tutor of the Crown Prince Tutorial Office Sr. 7 W sŏm 石 1 sŏm = 15 or 20 mal = 1 picul of grain by volume = 89.464 or 119.285 liters SJK Sŏnbongjang 先鋒將 chief field commander SJK sŏng 姓 surname WD songan 訟案 litigation records WD songbyŏn 訟卞 hearing WD sŏnggwan chedo 姓貫制度 ancestral seat system SJK Sŏnggyun'gwan 成均館 Royal Academy SJK sŏn’gi 善騎 cavalrymen SJK sŏngin 聖人 a savior SJK sŏngin 聖人 sage ruler VN Sŏngnihak 性理學 Learning of Nature and Principle VN songsang 松商 Kaesŏng merchants SJK Sŏnjŏn or Sŏnjŏn’gwan 宣傳官 royal messenger WD 宣傳官廳 Office of Transmission SJK sŏnsan 先山 lineage cemetery WD sŏŏl 庶孼 nothoi or sons of yangban by slave or commoner concubines SJK sŏŏl 庶孼 concubine’s son VN sorin 率人 houseguest SJK Soron 少論 Disciple’s Faction VN sŏsil 書室 study hall VN sŏsuk 書塾 study hall VN sŏwŏn 書院 private academy SJK Sŏyun 庶尹 deputy magistrate of P’yŏngyang or Seoul VN ssi 氏 Madam, or title for a yangban woman WD Such’an 修撰 sixth counselor of the Office of the Special Counselors, Sr. 6 W such’o yuso 手草遺疎 handwritten draft memorial VN
Sugun Ch’ŏmjŏlchesa navy deputy commander Jr. 3 W Sugun Chŏltosa 水軍節度使 navy commander Sr. 3 W Sugun Manho 水軍萬戶 navy sub-area commander (and others) Jr. 4 W Sugun Uhu 水軍虞候 navy inspector Sr. 4 W Sugunyŏng 水軍營 Navy Commander’s Office suji 手指 fingers WD sujidu 手指肚 fingertips WD sujigap 手指胛 fingernails WD sujigappong 手指胛縫 underneath fingernails WD sujikkun 守直軍 watchman WD sujok 首族 lineage leaders WD sujong chi yul 隨從之律 the law concerning accomplices WD Sumunjang 守門將 chief of gatekeepers SJK Sumunjangch’ŏng 守門將廳 Gatekeeper's Office SJK Sunch’alsa 巡察使 border inspector W Sunginjŏn 崇仁殿 Kija shrine in P’yŏngyang SJK Sŭngji 承旨 royal secretary of the Royal Secretariat, Sr.3 W Sŭngjŏngwŏn 承政院 Royal Secretariat W Sŭngjŏngwŏn ilgi 承政院日記 Records of the Royal Secretariat VN Sŭngmunwŏn 承文院 Office of the Diplomatic Correspondence W sungmyŏng 崇明 veneration to Ming VN Sungnyŏngjŏn 崇靈殿 Tan’gun shrine in P’yŏngyang SJK sun’gyo 巡校 sheriff WD Sunmu Chunggun 巡撫中軍 deputy commander of the Circuit Pacification Army Headquarters SJK Sunmuyŏng 巡撫營 Circuit Pacification Army Headquarters SJK sunmyŏng paeho 崇明排胡 revering the Ming and rejecting the Jurchen VN Sunyŏng 巡營 Circuit Army Headquarters SJK Sunyŏng 巡營 Provincial Governor’s Office WD Sunyŏng Chunggun 巡營中軍 deputy commander of the Circuit Army Headquarters, Sr.3 SJK Suryŏng 守令 magistrate susim 手心 palms WD suwan 手腕 wrists WD
suyanghyŏng 收養兄 adopted older sister or brother WD suyangje 收養弟 adopted younger brother WD suyangmo 收養母 godmother WD taebangsulgaek 大方術客 master ascetic WD taebo 大輔 Great bulwark RM Taebodan 大報壇 Altar of Great Retribution VN Taebuk 大北 Great Northerners VN Taedohobu 大都護府 Greater County WD Taedohobusa 大都護府使 magistrate of the Special City Sr. 3 W taedongmi 大同米 tribute rice surtax SJK taedongpŏp 大同法 Uniform Land Tax Law SJK taedŭng 大等 grandee RM taegae 大槪 a summary of the memorial VN Taegan 臺諫 censorate W Taegun 大君 great prince Taegyo 待敎 second diarist of the Office of Royal Decrees Sr. 8 W Taegyo 待敎 a senior eighth-rank office at the Yemun’gwan SJK Taehan Cheguk 大韓帝國 Great Han Empire WD Taehogun 大護軍 second deputy commander of the Five Military Commands Jr. 3 W t’aehyŏng 笞刑 punishment of beating with the light stick WD Taejehak 大提學 director of the Office of Royal Decrees or the Office of the Special Councilors VN Taejŏn chuhae Annotations to the Great Code Taejŏn hoet’ong 大典會通 Comprehensive Collection of Dynastic Code Taejŏn husongnok Later Supplement to the Great Code Taejŏn t’ongp’yŏn Comprehensive Great Code taejongson 大宗孫 The senior-most descent line of a clan taemyŏng ŭiri 大明義理 Chosŏn’s gratitude to the Ming for its military aid during the Japanese invasions VN Taesagan 大司諫 censor-general of the Office of the Censor Sr. 3 W Taesahŏn 大司憲 inspector-general of the Office of Inspector-General Jr. 2 W t’aesang 胎傷 injury to the fetus WD
Taesasŏng 大司成 headmaster of the Royal Academy Sr. 3 W Taesin 大臣 minister WD Taewŏn’gun 大院君 the father of King Kojong WD Taewŏnsu 大元帥 supreme commander SJK tangbogun 塘報軍 scout soldier WD tanggun 唐軍 Chinese soldiers SJK Tan’gun-dae 檀君臺 Tan’gun Terrace VN tangjil 堂姪 a son of a male cousin or a second nephew WD tangmok 唐木 Chinese cotton WD t’angp’yŏng 蕩平 politics of impartiality VN tangsanggwan 堂上官 officials of the upper end of the hall; officials whose rank reached higher than senior third rank SJK Tangsi (C: Tang shi) 唐詩 Tang Poems VN To 道 Province WD Toch’onggwan 都摠官 commander of the Five Military Commands Headquarters Sr. 2 W Todang 都堂 Executive Office RM Todangnok 都堂錄 a final candidate roster for the Hongmun’gwan SJK toe 升 1 toe = 10 hop = 0.596 liter SJK tŏgin 德人 men of virtue VN togwa 道科 provincial examination WD t’ogwan chedo 土官制度 indigenous office and rank system SJK t’ogwanjik 土官職 indigenous offices SJK t’oho 土豪 indigenous power-holders SJK Tohobu 都護府 County WD Tohobusa 都指揮使 commander in chief SJK Tohobusa 都護府使 magistrate of County WD tohyŏng 徒刑 punishment of penal servitude WD Tojihwisa 都指揮使 commander in chief SJK Tojŭng 都正 first secretary of the Royal House Administration Sr. 3 W tŏk 德 virtue VN Toksŏdang 讀書堂 Hall of Reading Tollyŏngbu 敦寧府 Royal House Administration W
tong or dong 洞 village WD Tongbusŭngji 同副承旨 sixth royal secretary of the Royal Secretariat Sr. 3 W tongch’u 同推 joint interrogation under torture WD Tonggyŏng chi 東京志 Gazetteer of Kyŏngju VN tongim 洞任 village administrator WD Tongin 東人 Easterners VN tongjang 洞長 village headman or village elder WD Tongjisa 同知事 third deputy director of the Royal House Administration Jr. 2 Tongjisa 同知事 second deputy director of the Office of the Royal Lectures Jr. 2 Tongjisa 同知事 assistant director of the Royal Academy Jr. 2 Tongjisa 同知事 fourth minister of the Office of Jr. 2 tongjok purak (J.: dôzoku buraku) 同族部落 same surname village SJK T’ongjŏng taebu 通政大夫 a senior third-rank title SJK tongmong 童蒙 young student WD t’ongmun 通文 a circular SJK Tongmunsŏn 東文選 Anthology of Korean Literature VN T’ongnyewŏn 通禮院 Office of Ceremonies SJK tongp’o 同胞 fellow countryman VN t’ongsa 通事 interpreter VN tongsŏng ch’ollak 同姓村落 same surname village VN tongsu 洞首 village headman or village elder WD Tosa 都事 auditor of the Office of Jr. 5 Tosa 都事 auditor of the Five Military Commands Headquarters Jr. 5 Tosa 都事 inspector of the Province Jr. 5 Tosa 都事 inspector of the State Tribunal VN t’osŏng 土姓 surname with geographical identification or indigenous surname SJK Tosŭngji 都承旨 first royal secretary of the Royal Secretariat Sr. 3 W tubok 肚腹 upper belly WD t’uhang 投降 surrender VN
wŏnhyang 原鄕 original members of the local yangban association SJK Wŏnja Poyanggwan 元子輔養官 special mentor of the Crown Prince W Wŏnjang 院長 director of a private academy VN Wŏnjŏpsa 遠接使 receiving agent of a Chinese envoy VN Wŏnsu-dae 元帥臺 Pavilion of the Great General SJK Xiyuan jilu (K. Sewŏllok) 洗寃錄 The Washing Away of Wrongs WD Yakchŏng 約正 district administrator WD yang 兩 monetary unit; 1 yang = 10 chŏn = 100 p'un or mun WD yangaekchi 兩腋胑 both armpits WD yanganp’o 兩眼胞 both eyelids WD yangban 兩班 a term referring to social, political, economic elite of the Chosŏn dynasty SJK yangbibu 兩臂膊 both backs of the shoulders WD yangdun 兩臀 both buttocks WD yanggagwan 兩脚腕 both ankles WD yanggak sinjik 兩脚伸直 both legs are straight WD yanggakkwa 兩脚踝 both ankles WD yanggaksim 兩脚心 both soles of the feet WD yanggangmyŏn 兩脚面 both tops of the feet WD yanggokch’u 兩곡瞅 both crooks of the knees WD yanggokch’u 兩腆瞅 inside the elbow WD yanggwa 兩胯 both groins WD yanggyŏlbun’gol 兩缺盆骨 both depressed areas above the shoulder blades WD yanggyŏmin 兩膁肕 both shins WD yanggyŏngap 兩肩胛 both shoulders WD yanghuhyŏp 兩後脇 sides under arms WD yanghŭlju 兩肐肘 both elbows WD yanghŭppak 兩흡膊 upper arms WD yanghurŭk 兩後肋 back ribs WD yanghyŏp 兩脇 sides under the arms WD yangi 兩耳 both ears WD yangigŭn 兩耳根 both roots of the ears WD
yangjŏn-ch’ŏk 量田尺 a land-survey ruler WD yangmi 兩眉 both eyebrows WD Yangmu-gong 襄武公 Duke of Cultivating the Military SJK yangnŭk 兩肋 ribs WD yangnyŏ 良女 commoner woman WD yangsihyŏp 兩腮脇 both cheeks WD yangsubae 兩手背 both backs of the hands WD yangsŭl 兩膝 both knees WD yangsuwan 兩手腕 both wrists WD yangt’aeyanghyŏl 兩太陽穴 both temples WD yangt’oe 兩腿 both thighs WD yangt’oedu 兩腿肚 both calves WD Yangŭi-gong 襄毅公 Duke of Cultivating Valor SJK yangyu 兩乳 both breasts WD Yegi (C. Li-chi) 禮記 Book of Rites VN Yejo 禮曹 Ministry of Rites W yejŏn 禮錢 monetary contribution SJK Yemungwan 藝文館 Office of Royal Decrees W Yijo 吏曹 Ministry of Personnel SJK Yip’an 吏判 minister of the Ministry of Personnel, Sr.2 SJK yoan 腰眼 waist WD Yŏjidosŏ 輿地圖書 Cultural Geography of Korea VN yojik 要職 key positions SJK Yŏkkyŏng (C: Yi jing) 易經 Book of Changes VN yŏksŏ 易書 copying VN yŏl 烈 devotion VN yŏllyŏjŏn 烈女傳 biography of a chaste woman WD yŏmak 廬幕 temporary mourning shed VN yong 勇 courage VN yong sinang 龍神仰 folk belief in the dragon spirit SJK yŏngan 營案 provincial yangban roster SJK Yŏngjang 營將 chief commander SJK Yŏngmyŏngsa 永明寺 Temple of Eternal Enlightenment VN Yŏngsa 領事 director of the Royal House Administration
Sr. 1 Yŏngsa 領事 superintendent of the Office of the Special Counselors Sr. 1 Yŏngsa 領事 superintendent of the Office of Royal Decrees Sr. 1 Yŏngsa 領事 first minister of the Office of Sr. 1 Yŏngsa 領事 director of the Office of the Royal Lectures Sr. 1 Yŏngŭijŏng 領議政 chief state councilor, Sr.1 SJK Yŏnhaeng kyŏnmullok 燕行見聞錄 “Things Seen and Heard during the Travel to China” VN Yŏnhaengnok chŏnjip 燕行錄全集 Complete Collection of Travelogues to China VN Yŏsa nanjip 餘事亂集 Collected Works on Miscellaneous Matters WD yuch’ŏ ch’wich’ŏ 有妻娶妻 having a second wife when a man already had a legal wife VN Yugŭijŏn 六矣廛 six licensed shops in the capital SJK yuhak 幼學 scholars in training or Confucian scholar SJK yuho 儒戶 yangban households SJK yuhyŏng 流刑 punishment of banishment WD yuhyŏp 乳脇 area between the breast and side (of the body) WD Yujinjang 留陣將 chief commander SJK Yukcho 六曹 Six Ministries Yukkun 陸軍 the Army WD yukpŏm 六犯 six crimes WD yulsaeng 律生 legal clerk WD yun 閏 intercalary month WD yusa 有司 Administrator (of a munjung) Yusŏ p’ilchi 儒胥必知 Essential Knowledge for Scholar-Officials and Clerks WD Yusu 留守 chief magistrate of Municipality WD Yusubu 留守府 Municipality WD