Table 32 Key inventory assumptions (Glass, Steel, Aluminium). Flows for 1 t of materials shown Recycling System Alternative System Material Collection Sorting Reprocess Local Reprocess International Soil carbon storage Production Local Production International Collection Disposal operations Soil carbon storage Glass Fuel: 7.2 l 2.04 kWh electricity 74 kg to landfill 100% recycled cullet Produced in Spotswood, Vic 840 kg glass produced None None Glass production (0% cullet) produced in Spotswood, Vic 840 kg glass produced Sand mining Produced in Victoria 147 kg sand produced None Fuel: 10.3 l 1000 kg landfill minimal emissions from degradation unique leachate profile None Steel Fuel: 18.3 l 0.17 kWh electricity 74 kg to landfill EAF steel making processed in Laverton, Vic 385 kg steel produced EAF steel making processed in Malaysia Shipped 7677 km 555 kg steel produced None BFBOS steel production produced in Port Kembla, NSW 350 kg steel produced BFBOS steel production produced in Port Kembla, NSW 590 kg steel produced shipped 7677 km to Malaysia Fuel: 26.2 l 1000 kg landfill minimal emissions from degradation unique leachate profile None Aluminium 0.12 kWh electricity 74 kg to landfill Produced in Yennora, NSW 503 kg aluminium produced Produced in Rep. of Korea Shipped 9349 km 467 kg aluminium produced None Produced in Point Henry, Vic 503 kg aluminium produced produced in Point Henry, Vic 467 kg aluminium produced shipped 9349 km to Korea 1000 kg landfill minimal emissions from degradation unique leachate profile None Table 33 Key inventory assumptions (Paper). Flows for 1 t of materials shown. Recycling System Alternative System Material Collection Sorting Reprocess Local Reprocess International Soil carbon storage Production Local Production International Collection Disposal operations Soil carbon storage Paper White Fuel: 11.9 l 3.92 kWh electricity 74 kg Packaging card production (100% rec) Packaging card production (100% rec) Minimal (only that associated packaging card production packaging card production (Kraft) Fuel: 17.1 l 1000 kg landfill 230 kg 200 kg carbon stored
to landfill processed in Botany, NSW 370 kg cardboard produced processed in China Shipped 9773 km 472 kg cardboard produced with waste to landfill) (Kraft) produced in Tumut, NSW 370 kg cardboard produced produced in China 472 kg cardboard produced methane generated per tonne deposited landfill captures 56% of methane 92% of methane captured goes to energy generation Mixed 1000 kg landfill 39 kg methane generated per tonne deposited Landfill captures 56% of methane 92% of methane captured goes to energy generation 334 kg carbon stored Cardboard 1000 kg landfill 55 kg methane generated per tonne deposited Landfill captures 56% of methane 92% of methane captured goes to energy generation 310 kg carbon stored per tonne deposited Table 34 Key inventory assumptions (Plastics & Garden and Green). Flows for 1 t of materials shown. Recycling System Alternative System Material Collection Sorting Reprocess Local Reprocess International Soil carbon storage Production Local Production International Collection Disposal operations Soil carbon storage Plastic PET (clear) Fuel: 40.2 l 1.51 kWh electricity Processed in Victoria processed in China (Hong Kong) None generic production profile Plastics Europe model utilised Fuel: 40.2 l 1000 kg landfill minimal None
74 kg to landfill 426 kg PET pellet produced Shipped 8908 km 500 kg PET pellet produced 926 kg PET pellet produced emissions from degradation unique leachate profile HDPE (natural) processed in Victoria 348 kg HDPE pellet produced processed in China (Hong Kong) Shipped 8908 km 410 kg HDPE pellet produced None generic production profile Plastics Europe model utilised 758 kg HDPE pellet produced 1000 kg landfill minimal emissions from degradation unique leachate profile None HDPE (coloured) None processed in China (Hong Kong) Shipped 8908 km 758 kg HDPE pellet produced None None Other None processed in China (Hong Kong) Shipped 8908 km 473 kg PP pellet produced 95 kg LDPE pellet produced 95 kg PS pellet produced 95 kg PVC pellet produced None generic production profile Plastics Europe model utilised 579 kg PP pellet produced 95 kg LDPE pellet produced 95 kg PS pellet produced 95 kg PVC pellet produced 1000 kg landfill minimal emissions from degradation unique leachate profile None Garden and green Fuel: 11.6 l NA 100% Windrow composting 3.45 l fuel for processing 722 kg compost produced 25% compost distributed to farm applications 200 km transport to farm gate Functions as fertiliser, carbon enhancer, herbicide, water retainer 75% compost to urban amenity applications Functions as a compost product produced from residues Minimal transport None 13 kg carbon stored in soil (farm application only) 25% (181 kg) farm applications 23 kl water extraction Synthetic fertilisers providing 8 kg N, 8 kg P, 5 kg K Herbicide (0.1 l glyphosate) Carbon storage 51 kg 75% (542 kg) urban amenity Production of alternative compost assumed to have same impact as windrow composting No fertiliser, water, herbicide requirements No carbon storage Fuel: 9.0 l (50% of mass collected; other disposals do not require collection) 50% Landfill (500 kg) 500 kg landfill 31 kg methane generated Landfill captures 60% of methane 92% of methane captured goes to energy generation 25% Home compost (250 kg) No carbon storage Minimal emissions 25% Open burn (250 kg) No carbon storage Smog emissions 53 kg carbon stored (landfill related)