People who are resident or detained In prison, youth custody, or health and social care settings Deprivation of liberty; Lack of access to good quality healthcare; System failures to protect individuals from harm or abuse; Poor treatment of those in detention Lack of personal resource (including lack of a supportive network); Poor mental health; Disadvantaged positions within the system People in immigration detention Deprivation of liberty, and for an unspecified length of time; Unclear immigrations status; Imbalance of power between individuals and those who run and work in the centres; System failures to protect individuals from harm or abuse; Discriminatory attitudes and stigma Lack of familiarity with the country or the language, or not speaking English; Having no support network; Fear of the future and what it will hold or where they will be Refugees and asylum seekers, and migrants who have been trafficked, smuggled or who are undocumented No resource to public funds; Criminal exploitation; Labour exploitation; Discriminatory attitudes and negative stigma Lack of personal resources, including financial resources and support networks; Poor mental health Intersectional analysis It is important to acknowledge that analysing each of the categories mentioned above on its own would still not provide an accurate picture of how people’s rights are respected, protected and fulfilled. This is where the concept of intersectionality helps us (see section 3.8 for brief overview of the history and theory of intersectionality). We have developed our own definition of intersectionality which allows us to apply the concept practically to equality and human rights monitoring. Our definition of intersectionality is: Intersectionality is an analytical tool that we use for the purpose of equality and rights monitoring to show distinct forms of harm,
abuse, discrimination and disadvantage experienced by people when multiple categories of social identity interact with each other. Examples of distinct of harm, abuse, discrimination and disadvantage that we may detect with this approach are: Low rate of employment for Black, Bangladeshi, and Mixed ethnicity women. Social exclusion of older lesbians and gay men in care homes High rate of suicide among white, middle-aged men In order to analyse these kinds of issues we utilise inter-categorical analysis in our quantitative research and intra-categorical analysis in our qualitative research (see section 4.2 below). 4.2 Qualitative and quantitative data We draw on a range of qualitative and quantitative sources to analyse the equality and human rights standards that are in place (structure), the efforts taken by the State to meet the obligations that flow from these standards (process), and the position and experience of people on the ground (outcome): see Table 4.2. Table 4.2: Qualitative and quantitative sources used for structure, process and outcome analysis Structure Process Outcome Qualitative sources Identification of the relevant international and regional human rights standards in the ECHR and UN treaties Legislation Latest principles established in case law Evaluations and review of public policies Parliamentary inquiries and reports Independent inquiries and investigations Outcomes of inspections, regulations and complaints procedures Complaints handled by relevant ombudsmen Observations and conclusions from regulators, inspectors, parliamentary committees, human rights monitoring bodies Published reports by NGOs, think tanks, academics Key allegations by private individuals and civil society organisations Reports in the media
Data should be available and easily accessible. The process of obtaining data can be lengthy, especially if data are classed as sensitive, for example on sexual identity. Analysis of change over time should be possible (so data are collected reasonably frequently), allowing for monitoring; it may be necessary to pool of data, for example for smaller samples such as when looking at Scotland or Wales, or when looking at some protected groups, such as ethnic minorities. Continuity should be provided, not only in the provision of data but in continuity of definitions (for example, of disability) or question wording (if data are survey-based). There should be good geographical coverage, preferably including Britain, England, Scotland and Wales, from one source. Failing that, country-specific data that is comparable is preferred, but not always available. In addition, data for the English Regions and/ or disaggregated into the Rural-Urban categories. It should be possible to disaggregate according to as many as possible of the nine protected characteristics set out in the Equality Act (age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, pregnancy and maternity, marriage and partnership). Further, it should be possible to disaggregate disability data into categories of impairment type. Although it is not one of the protected characteristics, we also aim to socio-economic group/ social class, as it is a crucial characteristic that impacts upon life opportunities across all domains. Data should be subject to the standard statistical requirements of accuracy, reliability and validity. Statistical tests that are used to evaluate statistically significant differences for each measure depend on the form of the measure involved (percentage, mean, median, rate or count) and the underlying form of the dependent variable involved (binary, continuous or integer). Statistical analysis includes cross-sectional analysis for two or more time periods, with comparisons between groups in each time period, plus change over time within groups. Where suitable microdata are available from the data source, intersectional analysis will also be carried out using appropriate regression models using data on
5.1 Education Table 5.1: Education Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes - the future we want Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To be knowledgeable, to understand and reason, and to have the skills and opportunity to participate in parenting, the labour market and in society. Every person should be capable of: Attaining the highest possible standard of knowledge, understanding and reasoning Being fulfilled and stimulated intellectually, including being creative if they wish Developing the skills necessary for parenting and for participating in the labour market Learning about a range of cultures and beliefs and acquiring the skills to participate in a diverse society People’s right to education is respected, protected and fulfilled People are free from discrimination and abuse in education All children have the opportunity to reach their full potential through education, irrespective of their disability status, race, religion/belief, sex, sexual orientation or group Social exclusion, bias, stereotyping and bullying have no place in the education system No child is unfairly excluded from school. All young people are in education, employment or training A person’s age, disability, race, religion/belief, sex, sexual orientation or socio-economic group has no bearing on their ability to attend higher education and do well Every person has a meaningful opportunity for lifelong learning Educational attainment of children and young people Early years education Attainment at school-leaving age Impact of gender bias and stereotyping on educational attainment Impact of poverty and social exclusion on educational attainment School exclusions, bullying and NEET (not in education, employment or training) Exclusions from school Bullying in schools NEET Higher education and lifelong learning Higher education, including subject choice, attainment, degree-level qualifications Lifelong learning
Wales: Academic achievement by pupil characteristics, and Academic achievement and entitlement to free school meals, Welsh Government Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Socio-economic group Further topics Topic Sources Impact of gender bias and stereotyping on educational attainment (careers advice, subject focus, extra-curricular activity) DfE; Scottish Government; Welsh Government; Scottish Parliament Equalities and Human Rights Committee; Scottish Qualifications Authority; House of Commons; Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee; Education Committee; on Education, Skills and the Economy; Scottish Survey of Literacy and Numeracy; Journal of Education and Work Impact of poverty and social exclusion on educational attainment DfE; Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF); Sutton Trust; Education Endowment Fund; Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR); Education Policy Institute, Social Mobility Commission (SMC) WHAT THE STANDARDS SAY: THE ‘STRUCTURE’ Right to education and training; purpose of education – HRA 1998 Protocol 1, Article 2; CRC 28, 29; CRPD 24; ICESCR 13; CERD 5(e)(v) Compatibility with Convention rights – Scotland Act 1998 29 (1) 29(2), 57(2); Government of Wales Act 2006 108(6)(c), 81(1) Legal framework for supporting children and young people in their education – Education (Scotland) Act 2016; Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2009 Prohibits unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation on the basis of protected characteristics – Equality Act 2010 Duty on Ministers to consider CRC requirements – Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014; Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure 2011 New powers for school staff to discipline students – Education Act (England) 2011 Changes to safeguarding and child protection; introduction of education, health and care plans – Children and Families Act 2014 (England) Regulation of teaching and school term dates – Education (Wales) Act 2014 Elimination of discrimination against and girls in education – CEDAW 10 Latest principles established in case law.
EDU.EBN.1: Pupils per 1,000 subject to permanent or fixed-term exclusions (children) England: Permanent and fixed-period exclusions in England, Department for Education Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, group Scotland: Summary Statistics for Schools in Scotland, Scottish Government Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, group Wales: Permanent and fixed-term exclusions from schools, Welsh Government Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Socio-economic group EDU.EBN.2: Percentage not in employment, education or training (NEET) (young people aged 16-18/19) Britain: Annual Population Survey, ONS Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, Socio-economic group Further topics Sources Prevalence of bullying in schools Ditch the Label; Economic and Social Research Council (Next Steps project); Ofsted, National Centre for Social Research; Mencap; Stonewall / Stonewall Scotland; Young Minds; Mental Health Foundation; LGBT Youth Scotland; Equality Network; EHRC; Theatre in Education Impact of bullying on school attainment and pupil well-being, particularly for children (for example who are LGBT, disabled, looked after and Gypsy, Roma and Traveller children) National Institute of Economic and Social Research; NatCen Social Research; Warwick University; London University Institute of Education; Children’s Society; Time for Inclusive Education; LGBT Youth Scotland;
Equality Network; Girl Guiding UK; End Violence Against Women Drivers of high exclusion rates among children (for example those from disadvantaged socio-economic groups, Gypsy, Roma and Traveller children and children who have special educational needs or additional support needs). Impact of school exclusion on pupil attainment and life chances DfE; Scottish Government; Welsh Government; Barnardo’s; JRF; Sutton Trust; Education Endowment Fund; Education Policy Institute; SMC; Time for Inclusive Education; LGBT Youth Scotland; Equality Network, National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) Drivers of NEET status and associated equality issues; impact of government reform of further education Scottish Government; of Commons Library; NFER WHAT THE STANDARDS SAY: THE ‘STRUCTURE’ Right to education and training; purpose of education – HRA 1998 Protocol 1, Article 2; CRC 28, 29; CRPD 24; ICESCR 13; CERD 5ev Prohibits unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation on the basis of protected characteristics – Equality Act 2010 Changes to safeguarding and child protection; introduction of education, health and care plans – Children and Families Act 2014 (England) New powers for school staff to discipline students – Education Act (England) 2011 Compatibility with Convention rights – Scotland Act 1998 29 (1, 2), 57 (2); Government of Wales Act 2006 108(6)(c), 81(1) framework for supporting children and young people in their education – Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2009 Duty on Ministers to consider CRC requirements – Children and People (Scotland) Act 2014; Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure 2011 Regulation of teaching and school term – Education (Wales) Act 2014 Requirement on local authorities to safeguard and promote the well-being and educational achievement of looked after children – Social Services and Act (Wales) 2014 Elimination of discrimination against and girls in education – CEDAW 10 Latest principles established in case law. HOW THE STANDARDS ARE IMPLEMENTED: THE ‘PROCESS’ Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Resource allocation and expenditure England Educational Excellence Everywhere (DfE, 2016); DfE Strategy 2015–2020: Ofsted; Ofqual; Office of the Independent Adjudicator; Youth Budget announcements;
England Educational Excellence Everywhere (DfE, 2016); DfE Strategy 2015–2020: Education and Care (DfE, 2016); Post-16 Skills Plan (DfE, 2016) Higher Education Funding Council for England Ofqual; Office of the Independent Adjudicator; Office for Fair Access Budget announcements; Office for Budget Responsibility; PESA; Cumulative impact assessment of welfare reforms Scotland Delivering Excellence and Equity in Scottish Education: A Delivery Plan for Scotland (Scottish Government, 2016); A Blueprint for Fairness (Commission on Widening Access, 2016) HM Inspectorate of Education; Scottish Qualifications Authority; Scottish Funding Council; Poverty and Inequality Commission Scotland As above; Government expenditure and revenue Scotland reports Qualified for Life: An Education Improvement Plan (Welsh Government, 2016); Youth Engagement and Progression Framework (Welsh Government, 2015); For Our Future – The 21st Century Higher Education Strategy and Plan for Wales (Welsh Government, 2009) Estyn; Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW); Public Services Ombudsman for Wales As above; Government expenditure and revenue Wales reports
5.2 Work Table 5.2: Work Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes - the future we want Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To work in just and favourable conditions, to have the value of your work recognised, even if unpaid, to not be prevented from working, and to be free from slavery, forced labour and other forms of exploitation. Every person should be capable of: Having a decent paid job, with support where necessary Doing something useful and having the value of their work recognised even if unpaid Having rest and leisure, including holidays, and respite from caring responsibilities Working in just and favourable conditions, including health and safety, People’s rights to decent work and to be free from discrimination are respected, protected and fulfilled People are free from discrimination, harassment and victimisation in employment Everyone has the right to a free choice of profession No one is prevented from working in a particular occupation without good reason People are paid the same for the same, or similar, work Working environments are as safe and healthy as possible There is no place for forced labour, slavery or other forms of exploitation Employment Employment, including part-time, temporary and casual employment, zero-hour contracts, and flexible working Unemployment and economic activity Unfair treatment, bullying and harassment in the workplace Earnings Pay gaps in median hourly earnings Low pay Gender differences by industry, occupation, region and sector Occupational segregation Vertical and horizontal segregation, including in senior management and on boards Segregation within apprenticeships Forced labour and trafficking Adults trafficked for domestic servitude and other forms of exploitation Victims of trafficking referred to the National Referral Mechanism
WHAT PEOPLE EXPERIENCE: THE ‘OUTCOME’ Topic Sources Number of adults trafficked for domestic servitude and other forms of exploitation, and qualitative information on the conditions which allow trafficking to occur National Referral Mechanism statistics; All Party Parliamentary Group on Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery; Anti-Slavery Commissioner Annual Reports; House of Commons/ Lords/ Home Office and Scottish and Welsh Government publications; JRF; new academic research on forced labour and trafficking, particularly qualitative research on the impact of being trafficked Number of potential victims of trafficking referred to the National Referral Mechanism, including from Britain and qualitative information on the conditions which allow individuals to be potential victims of trafficking National Referral Mechanism statistics; All Party Parliamentary Group on Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery; Anti-Slavery Commissioner Annual Reports; House of Commons/ Lords/ Home Office; Scottish and Welsh Government; JRF; new academic research on forced labour and trafficking, particularly qualitative research on the impact of being a victim of trafficking WHAT THE STANDARDS SAY: THE ‘STRUCTURE’ Prohibition of slavery and forced labour – HRA 1998 4 Freedom from forced labour, slavery and servitude – ECHR; latest principles established in case law Prohibition of slavery and enforced servitude – ICCPR 8 Suppression of trafficking of women – CEDAW 6 Freedom from exploitation, violence and abuse – CRPD 16 Right to identity; separation of children from parents; obligation to combat the illicit transfer of children – CRC 8, 9, 11 Prohibition of sale of children, prostitution and child pornography; right to identity – CRC Optional Protocol Efforts to combat human trafficking based on a victim-centred approach to protection and prosecution must improve – RU Anti-Trafficking Directive 2011/36/EU All forms of human trafficking must be prevented; victims and witnesses of trafficking to be protected; effective investigation of trafficking ensured; achievement of international co-operation against trafficking – Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings 2008 Anti-Slavery Commissioner established to lead and co-ordinate efforts in tackling slavery in England and Wales; legislation brought into line with the EU Anti-Trafficking Directive and the Council of Europe Convention – Modern Slavery Act 2015 Human trafficking, slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour addressed in Scotland – Human Trafficking and Exploitation (Scotland) Act 2015
5.3 Living standards 5.3: Living standards Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes - the future we want People’s right to an adequate standard of living is respected, protected and fulfilled Everyone has an adequate standard of living, including nutrition, clothing, housing, warmth, social security, social services and utilities All people can live as independently as possible and with dignity Nobody lives in overcrowded accomodation Social/ affordable housing is readily available Those who rent have security of tenure People have access to and control over effective and social care and support to enable independent living, including accessible housing Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To enjoy an adequate standard of living, with independence and security, and to be cared for and supported when necessary. Every person should be capable of: Enjoying an adequate and secure standard of living, including nutrition, clothing, housing, warmth, social security, social services and utilities Having control over personal spending Getting the care they need Having control over how care is provided to support independent living Getting around inside and outside the home and enjoying home in peace and security Living with independence, dignity and self-respect Poverty Adults and children living in households 60% contemporary median income after housing costs Social security / benefit system Child poverty and poverty of disabled people, refugees and asylum seekers Food and fuel poverty Material deprivation Housing Homelessness Overcrowding and suitable accommodation Housing benefits Housing tenure Housing for Gypsies/Travellers and disabled people Social care Access to social care Quality of social care Dignity and respect in social care Choice and control over support to enable independent living, and independent advocacy Social care funding Impact of caring on carers
HOW THE STANDARDS ARE IMPLEMENTED: THE ‘PROCESS’ Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Resource allocation and expenditure Britain UK Government policy: welfare reform; Income tax rates and personal allowances SMC HM Treasury Public Expenditure; PESA; Budget announcements; Office for Budget Responsibility; Cumulative impact assessment of welfare reforms England Poverty Strategy Children’s Commissioner; SMC Scotland Child Poverty Strategy for Scotland 2014–17 Children’s Commissioner As above; Draft budget and final budget (Scotland) Wales Tackling Poverty Action Plan; Child Poverty Strategy for Wales Children’s Commissioner As above; Final budget and first and second supplementary budgets (Wales) Housing (CORE INDICATOR) RATIONALE Housing conditions, including homelessness and overcrowding, housing benefits, housing tenure, and housing for Gypsies/ Travellers and disabled people, is a good indicator to assess how the right to an adequate standard of living is respected, protected and fulfilled. TOPICS Homelessness Overcrowding and suitable accommodation Housing benefits Housing tenure
Duty on local authorities to support carers’ health and well-being and to provide an information and advice service for carers – Carers (Scotland) Act 2016 Latest principles established in case law. HOW THE STANDARDS ARE IMPLEMENTED: THE ‘PROCESS’ Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Resource allocation and expenditure England Social Care Outcomes Framework; Putting children first (DfE); Valuing people now: Fundamental standards for health and social care; NICE service standards CQC; NICE; Health and Social Care Professions Council HM Treasury Public Expenditure; PESA; Budget announcements; Office for Budget Responsibility; Cumulative impact assessment of welfare reforms Scotland Health and Social Care Integration policy; Getting it right for every child Care Inspectorate; Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland; Scottish Social Services Council As Draft budget and final budget (Scotland) Wales Intermediate Care Fund Wales; Supporting People programme Care and Social Services Inspectorate for Wales; Care Council for Wales As above; Final budget and first and second supplementary budgets (Wales) Statistical process measure LST.SCR.2: Rate per 1,000 receiving social care either in the community or in a care home (adults) England: Social services activity statistics, NHS Digital Age, Ethnicity, Gender Scotland: Scottish care homes census, ISD Scotland; Social care services - Scotland, Scottish Government Age, Disability (including Impairment Type), Gender
5.4 Health 5.4: Health Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes - the future we want Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To be healthy, physically and mentally, being free in matters of sexual relationships and reproduction, having autonomy over care and treatment, and being cared for in the final stages of your life. Every person should be capable of: Attaining the highest possible standard of physical and mental health Accessing timely and impartial information health and healthcare options Accessing healthcare without discrimination and in a culturally sensitive way Avoiding premature mortality through disease, neglect, injury or suicide People’s to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health is respected, protected and fulfilled Timely and impartial information about health and healthcare options is available and accessible to all Everyone can access good quality healthcare without discrimination There is no premature mortality due to neglect, injury or suicide Life expectancy is not dependent on a person’s socio-economic status or where they live Health outcomes People’s current health status Suicide Infant mortality Life expectancy Malnutrition Health outcomes for people who are homeless, transgender people, Gypsies, Roma and Travellers, migrants, refugees and asylum seekers Access to healthcare Waiting and referral times Access issues specific to transgender people; Gypsy, Roma, Travellers; people with learning disabilities; people who are homeless; migrants, refugees, asylum seekers; prisoners; people in immigration detention Discrimination in access to healthcare Mental health Population reporting poor mental health and well-being Access to mental health services Treatment and quality of mental health services
Compatibility with Convention rights – Scotland Act 1998 29(1), 29(2); Government of Wales Act 2006 108(6)(c), 81(1) Duty on Ministers to consider CRC requirements – Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014; Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure 2011 Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence – ECHR 8 Right to highest attainable standard of health and health services – CRPD 25 Healthcare services and family planning, healthcare for rural women – CERD 5 Healthcare of children, children’s access to information, health of disabled children, children’s access to healthcare services, children in care and mental health – CRC 3, 17, 23, 24, 25 Highest attainable standard of physical and mental health – ICESCR 12 Inherent to life – ICCPR 6 Prohibition of torture (mental or physical); treatment in custody – UN Committee Against Torture 6, 10, 11 Provision for the detention, care and treatment of people with a mental disorder – Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 Health and social care in England and – Health and Social Care Act 2012 Health and social care in Scotland – Public Bodies (Joint Working) (Scotland) Act 2014 Well-being of people who need care and support in Wales to be improved – Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 Well-being of people who need care and support in Wales –Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 Amendments to the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 – Mental Health (Scotland) Act 2015 Latest principles established in case law. HOW THE STANDARDS ARE IMPLEMENTED: THE ‘PROCESS’ Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Resource allocation and expenditure England NHS Outcomes Framework; Public Health Outcomes Framework DoH; NHS England; CQC; Health and Social Care Information Centre PESA; ONS; Budget announcements; Office for Budget Responsibility; DoH; NHS England; King’s Fund; Institute for Fiscal Studies Scotland National Performance Framework; Health NHS Scotland; Mental Welfare Commission As above; Audit Scotland
Inequalities Action Framework for Scotland; Healthcare Improvement Scotland; Care Inspectorate Wales Public Health Outcomes Framework Wales; Welsh Government’s Primary Care Plan NHS Public Health Wales; Healthcare Inspectorate As above; NHS Wales; Public Health Wales Access to healthcare (CORE INDICATOR) RATIONALE Access to healthcare, including waiting and referral times, and discrimination in access to healthcare, is a good indicator to assess how the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health is respected, protected and fulfilled. TOPICS Waiting and referral times Access issues specific to transgender people; Gypsy, Roma, Travellers; people with learning disabilities; people who are homeless; migrants, refugees, asylum seekers; prisoners; people in immigration detention Discrimination in access to healthcare WHAT PEOPLE EXPERIENCE: THE ‘OUTCOME’ Further measures Topic Sources Waiting and referral times for access to different types of health service NHS Digital; ISD Scotland Access to psychological therapies CQC; NHS Digital; Commission on Acute Adult Psychiatric Care, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Programme, ISD Scotland Access issues specific to: transgender people; Gypsy, Roma, Travellers; people with learning disabilities; people who are homeless; migrants, refugees, asylum seekers; prisoners; people in immigration detention CQC; NHS Digital; Homeless Link; DCLG, Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP); DoH; Children’s Commissioner for England; Scottish Parliament (Equality and Human Rights Committee, and Health and Sport Committee); Scottish Public Health Network; Scottish Prison Service; Scottish Refugee Council; Stonewall
Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Resource allocation and expenditure England National Inclusion Health Board; Public Health Outcomes Framework DoH; NHS England; CQC; NHS Digital; National Inclusion Health Board PESA; ONS; Budget announcements; Office for Budget Responsibility; DoH; NHS England; King’s Fund; Institute for Fiscal Studies Scotland National Performance Framework (NPF); Healthcare Quality Strategy for NHS Scotland Care Inspectorate; Healthcare Improvement Scotland; Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland As above; Audit Scotland Wales Government's Primary Care Plan; Public Health Outcomes Framework; Welsh Framework for action and delivery plan As above; NHS Wales; Public Health Wales Statistical process measures HLT.ACH.1: Percentage starting treatment who have waited for more than 18 weeks (adults) England: Consultant-led referral to treatments waiting NHS England None Scotland: NHS Waiting Times - 18 Weeks Referral to Treatment, ISD Scotland None Wales: NHS hospital waiting times - referral to treatment, Welsh Government None Mental health (CORE INDICATOR) RATIONALE
Reproductive and sexual health is an essential component of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and the right to privacy and family life. This includes access to sexual and reproductive health care, services and information and to relationships and sex education. It also includes female genital mutilation. TOPICS Low birth weight births Access to sexual and reproductive health care, services and information Access to relationships and sex education FGM WHAT PEOPLE EXPERIENCE: THE ‘OUTCOME’ Statistical outcome measures HLT.RSH.1: Percentage of low birth weight births (women) England and Wales: Birth characteristics in England and Wales and Births by parents' characteristics in England and Wales, ONS Age, Ethnicity, group Scotland: Births in Scottish hospitals, ISD Scotland Age, Socio-economic group Further topics Topic Sources Access to sexual and reproductive health care, services and information, including sexually transmitted infections, abortion, contraception NHS Digital; NHS England; NHS Wales; Family Planning Association; All-Party Parliamentary Group on Sexual and Reproductive Health in the UK; Scottish Government; Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare (FSRH); Save the Children; Public Health England Access to assisted reproduction therapies Marie Stopes International; NHS England; Family Planning Association, All-Party Parliamentary Group on Sexual and Reproductive Health in the UK; Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare; Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority Access to relationships and sex education Relate; NSPCC; Children’s Commissioner, DfE; Ofsted Female genital mutilation Ministry of Justice; Home Office; DfE; DoH; NHS Digital; Royal College of General Practitioners; Scottish Government; Police Scotland
Mandatory reporting (Home Office) Scotland Respect and Responsibility: A strategy and action plan for improving sexual health; Pregnancy and parenthood in Young People Strategy (2015); Scotland’s National Action Plan to Prevent and Eradicate FGM; Equally Safe DoH; Care Inspectorate; Healthcare Improvement Scotland As above; Audit Scotland Wales Sexual Health and Well-being for Wales Action Plan 2010-2015; Strategic framework for promoting sexual health in Wales; National strategy on violence against women, domestic abuse and sexual violence 2016–2021 DoH; NHS Wales; Public Health Wales As above; NHS Wales; Public Health Wales Statistical process measures HLT.RSH.2: Percentage screened for cervical cancer within the specified period (women) England: Cervical Screening Programme, England, NHS Digital Age Scotland: Scottish Cervical Screening Programme Statistics ISD Scotland Age Wales: Cervical Screening Wales Annual Statistical Report, Cervical Screening Wales Age Palliative and end of life care (SUPPLEMENTARY INDICATOR) RATIONALE Palliative and end of life care, including equality in access to care, and use of essential (such as pain relief) is a useful indicator to assess how the right to freedom from torture or inhuman or degrading treatment and the right to the highest attainable standard of health are respected, protected and fulfilled. TOPICS Access to and quality of end of life care
Duty on Ministers to consider CRC requirements – Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014; Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure 2011 NHS responsibilities – National Health Service Act 1946; National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947 End of life care services in England and Wales – Health and Social Care Act 2012; Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 Assisted suicide in England and Wales – Suicide Act 1961 S2 Latest principles established in case law. HOW THE STANDARDS ARE IMPLEMENTED: THE ‘PROCESS’ Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Resource allocation and expenditure Britain Ambitions for Palliative and End of Life Care 2015 DoH; Association for Palliative Medicine of Great Britain and Ireland PESA; ONS; DoH; Curie; England The National End of Life Care Strategy 2008; NHS Five Year Forward View; NHS outcomes framework NHS England; Public Health England; National Council for Palliative Care; Health Education England As above; NHS England Scotland Palliative and End of Life Care Strategic Framework for Action; Framework for Delivery of Palliative and End of Life Care for Children and Young People; Scottish Partnership for Palliative Care Care Inspectorate; Healthcare Improvement Scotland As above; Audit Scotland Scottish Public; Health Network (ScotPHN) Wales Wales Palliative Care Planning Group; The Welsh Government’s Primary Care Plan; Declaration of the Rights of Older People; Public Health Outcomes Framework NHS Wales; Public Health Wales As above; NHS Wales; Public Health Wales Statistical process measures
5.5 Justice and personal security 5.5: Justice and personal security Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes - the future we want Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To avoid premature mortality, live in security, and knowing you will be protected and treated fairly by the law. Every person should be capable of: Being free from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Avoiding premature mortality through injury or suicide in detention Being protected from being killed or murdered Living without fear of humiliation, harassment, and free from violence or abuse based on who they are Being free from sexual and domestic violence and abuse Knowing they will be treated fairly before the law The rights to life, to freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment, to liberty and security, and to a fair are respected, protected and fulfilled Everyone can live without fear of humiliation, harassment or abuse based on who they are Every person can live their life free from violence including sexual and domestic violence Everyone is treated fairly before the law Nobody is arbitrarily detained or arrested Accessible, affordable and impartial legal information and advocacy is available to all People in detention do not suffer from violence, and are not subjected to unnecessary restraint and isolation Conditions of detention Detained population, non-natural deaths, conditions of detention, safety, mental health, use of force and restraint in specific settings: Prisons Police custody Health and social care detention Immigration detention Young Offender Institutions and other detention settings for children and young people Military detention abroad Hate crime, homicides, sexual and domestic abuse Hate crime and identity-based harassment Homicide Sexual violence and rape Domestic violence and abuse Criminal and civil justice Access to courts and tribunals Liaison and diversion services Legal aid Public confidence in the justice system
5.6 Participation 5.6: Participation Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes -- the future we want Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To participate in decision-making and in communities, access services, know your privacy will be respected, and express yourself. person should be capable of: Participating in democratic, free and fair elections, and in the formulation of government policy, locally and nationally Participating in making decisions affecting their own life independently Participating in the local area Getting together with others, peacefully Forming and joining civil organisations and solidarity groups, including trade unions Accessing and transport, digital and financial services, The rights to democratic, free and fair elections, and freedom of expression, assembly and association are respected, protected and fulfilled People can influence decisions that affect them People trust their neighbours People are free to form and join organisations and solidarity groups, including trade unions Transport, digital and financial services, culture, leisure and sport and public places are available and accessible to all Political and participation and representation Voting Political participation and freedoms of expression, assembly and association Ability to influence decisions in local area Civic participation, including public appointments and volunteering Trades unions, legislation and membership Access to services Access to transport Access to digital services Barriers to financial access and vulnerability to fraud Access to culture, leisure and Privacy and surveillance Internet use and awareness of privacy settings Treatment of personal data Adequacy of the legislative and regulatory framework Social and community cohesion Trust and sense of belonging in the local neighbourhood Social and community cohesion, building relationships to counter radicalisation and extremism Community interaction and use of ‘shared spaces’
culture, leisure, sport and public places Knowing their privacy will be respected Engaging in religious and cultural practices Forming and enjoying friendships and relationships, including marriage Privacy is respected People are free to form, maintain and end relationships of their choosing Family life Freedom to form relationships Immigration and the to family life Children and adults in social care settings
Religion, Sexual orientation, group Scotland: Scottish Health Survey, Scottish Government Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or partnership status, Pregnancy, Religion, Sexual orientation, group Wales: National Survey for Wales, Welsh Government Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Pregnancy, Religion, Sexual orientation, group PPN.CSN.2: Percentage who agree they belong in their immediate neighbourhood / local area (adults) England: Community Life Survey, Cabinet Office Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, group Scotland: Scottish Household Survey, Scottish Government Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, Socio-economic group Wales: National Survey for Wales, Welsh Government Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or partnership status, Pregnancy, Religion, Sexual orientation, group Further topics Topic Sources Availability of support for and barriers to engaging with the local community Mencap; Parliamentary reports such as Committee on Human Rights; House of Commons Transport Committee Feeling safe in the local area (when walking alone during the day or at night) Crime Survey for England and Wales; Scottish Crime and Justice Survey Barriers to social and community cohesion, building UK Government; Scottish Government; local authority and parliamentary reports; Casey Review; Welsh
Occupational segregation WRK.OCS.1: Percentage of employment in occupations (that is managerial and professional occupations, SOC 1 and 2) WRK.OCS.2: Percentage of employment in low-paid occupations (that is caring, leisure and other service occupations; sales and customer service occupations; and elementary occupations, SOC 6, 8 & 9) Forced labour and trafficking None Living standards Poverty LST.PVT.1:Percentage of adults and children living in households below 60% contemporary median income after housing costs (18) Percentage of people living in households in income poverty relative to the UK median: measured for children, working age and of pension age. LST.PVT.2: Percentage of adults experiencing severe material deprivation (19) Percentage of people living in households in material deprivation Housing LST.HSG.1: Percentage of adults and children living in overcrowded accommodation (31) Percentage of dwellings which are free from hazards. LST.HSG.2: Percentage satisfied with accommodation Health Social care Social care Health outcomes LST.SCR.1: Access to social care (Percentage of people receiving home care, residential care or nursing care) LST.SCR.2: Dignity and respect in social care experience of social care services) LST.SCR.1: Access to social care (Percentage of people receiving home care, residential care or nursing care) LST.SCR.2: Dignity and respect in social care experience of social care services) HLT.OCM.1: Percentage who report good or very good current health status HLT.OCM.2: Suicide rate per 1,000 HLT.OCM.3: Mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system Access to healthcare HLT.ACH.1: Percentage of people waiting for health services who have waited for more than 18 weeks
Access to services PPN.ACS.1: Percentage of people aged over 16 who have used the internet PPN.ACS.2: Percentage doing sport or exercise (38)Percentage of people participating in sporting activities three or more times a week. Privacy and surveillance PPN.PRV.1: who limit access to their profile or content on social networking sites PPN.PRV.2: Percentage who have experienced abuse of personal information Social and community cohesion PPN.CSN.1: Percentage who agree most people can be trusted (UK, W, S)/ in their neighbourhood (E, S) PPN.CSN.2: Percentage who agree they belong in their immediate neighbourhood (S, E)/ local area (W) (27) Percentage of people agreeing that they belong to the area; that people from different backgrounds get on well together; and that people treat each other with respect. Family life PPN.FAM.1: Looked children
Access to services PPN.ACS.1: Percentage of people aged over 16 who have used the internet Accessed natural environment at least once a week in the last 12 months Average minimum travel time to the nearest key services Engaged with PR participated in arts or cultural activity at 3 times last year Adult participation in 30 minutes of moderate intensity sport, once per week. Where we live What we do PPN.ACS.2: Percentage doing sport or exercise Privacy and surveillance PPN.PRV.1: Percentage who limit access to their profile or content on social networking sites PPN.PRV.2: Percentage who have experienced abuse of personal information Social and community cohesion PPN.CSN.1: Percentage who agree most people can be trusted (UK, W, S)/ in their neighbourhood (E, S) Felt fairly/very safe walking alone after dark (men/women) Where we live PPN.CSN.2: Percentage who agree they belong in their immediate neighbourhood (S, E)/ local area (W) Agreed/agreed strongly they felt they belonged to their neighbourhood we live Family life PPN.FAM.1: Looked after children Proportion of those in fairly or extremely unhappy relationships Has spouse or partner, family member or friend to rely on if they have a serious problem Feelings of loneliness often/always Our relationships