farmers with very few who are either employed, livestock keepers, or do business. This statistics is supported with secondary data obtained from the village executive officers, thus majority are farmers and having gone to primary school only. Taking to key informant said, majority of these citizen have primary education and thus they farm both cotton and staple food. Table 1.3: Age, Occupation and Skills Respondents Respondent's Age in Years * Respondent's occupation * Respondent’s skills Cross tabulation Respondent’s skills Respondent's occupation Total Livestock Business Both peasant and livestock Carpentry Respondent's Age in Years 19-40 1 1 3 0 5 41-60 0 0 2 1 3 Total 1 1 5 1 8 Tailoring Respondent's Age in Years 19-40 7 7 Total 7 7 repair Respondent's Age in Years 19-40 2 2 41-60 2 2 61+ 1 1 Total 5 5 Driving Respondent's Age in Years 41-60 1 1 Total 1 1 Farming business Respondent's Age in Years 19-40 4 4 46 1 6 61 41-60 4 1 16 1 6 28 61+ 1 0 2 0 0 3 Total 9 5 64 2 12 92 others (specify Respondent's Age in Years 19-40 1 6 7 41-60 0 2 2 Total 1 8 9 Source: Researcher findings,2014
assumed to adopt better production practices, which reflect a positive relation with farm level earnings (finding from secondary data). Data collected from Isengwa, Ng’hoboko and Mwafuguji reveals that 4.1% has no formal education, 77.9% of respondents have gone through primary education, 10.7 up to secondary education and only 7.3% have gone through high school to university level. See Table 1.6. This means majority have the basic education which can be enhanced by on-farm training. Table 1.6: Education Level Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent primary education 95 77.9 77.9 77.9 secondary education 13 10.7 10.7 88.5 high school education 1 .8 .8 89.3 college certificate 6 4.9 4.9 94.3 college diploma 1 .8 .8 95.1 Bachelor's Degree 1 .8 .8 95.9 No formal education 5 4.1 4.1 100.0 Total 122 100.0 100.0 Source: Researcher findings, 2014 Table 1.7: Adult Vis-a-vi Acres of Cotton Cultivated No. of adult in the household * Size of the cotton farm Cross tabulation Count Size of the cotton farm Total 1-2 Acres more than 2 Acres No. of adult in the household 1-5 16 65 81 More than 5 2 39 41 Total 18 104 122 Source: Researcher findings, 2014
Implementation Plan In order to ensure smooth implementation of the project, a work plan was prepared indicating different activities to be carried out, the required resources, time frame and person responsible for each project objective. The project implementation involved different stakeholders, so in planning the implementation; all stakeholders were engaged fully from the beginning of the planning to the end of project implementation. Table Number 4.1 shows the project objective, outputs, and activities to attain the desire outputs, time allocated for each activity, resources required and responsible person Table 4.1: Implementation Plan Project objectives Outputs Activities Time allocated Resource needed Responsible person Mar 2012- June -2013 July – Dec 2013 2104 July-Dec 2014 Empowering the Cotton farming community in Ng’hoboko, Isengwa and Mwafuguji decision making by December 2014. Community need assessment Stationeries, fund, personnel and transport CED student, TCB staff Best Cotton agronomic practices developed 1. Seeking stakeholder partnership (resource mobilization and community mobilization to participate in the project) 2. Analysis of farmers’ existing agricultural practices, production patterns, post-harvest handling Stationaries, fund, personnel , reference materials CED student, TCB, Biore, Gaki and FBGs representative, consultant
infrastructure of smallholders in quality cotton production by December 2014 produced by farmers in the project area. international sanitary and phytosanitary standards of cotton production procedures 11. Promote the use of cotton picking and collecting bags Leaflets on sanitary and phytosanitary standards, transport, Fund, stationaries TCB 12. Construction of one cotton warehouses each villages Picking bags, transport, fund, personnel, Gaki, Biore, TCB and CED Student 13. Improve cotton quality monitoring and control: Establishing of quality control committee Fund, transport, constructor, TCB, Project Committee Strengthening linkages among service providers and cotton farming communities from the pre-sowing stage up to management. relationship improved 14. Involvement of ginners in maintaining on-farm demonstration plot Fund, personnel, transport, TCB, CED student, and Lead farmers. 15. Develop a contractual relationship (supply of inputs and sells of seed cotton) Fund, transport Biore, Gaki 16. Paying premium price for good picked and sorted cotton Fund, stationaries, personnel(consultant), Gaki, Biore, CED student, TCB, project committee 17. Conduct a stakeholder workshop for experience sharing Fund, Cotton Grader Biore, Gaki harvest
and lesson learnt Project managed and coordinated 18. Project coordination and managements Fund, Stationaries, Personnel, TCB 19. Monitor project progress and report on resource utilization Fund, stationaries, personnel, Project manager Impact assessment of Best CAP conducted 20. Conduct impact assessment survey on Bes CAP adoption TCB 21. Disseminate the findings TCB
Table 49: Logical Framework Project Narrative summaries Objectively verifiable indicators Means of verification assumption Project Goal: Reduce poverty among rural cotton farmers and promote best cotton agronomic practices By end of project, Best CAP strategy promoted in order to achieve beneficial impact on livelihoods of poor cotton farmers and, are contributing one or more of the following: • Increased productivity (yields/acre, • Enhanced marketing opportunities Nation poverty reports Project purpose: To improve cotton productivity and quality in smallholder Cotton farmers in Meatu district by December 2014 Cotton yield in participatory demonstration plots is at least 800kgs/acre Net income of farmers participating in the project increase by at least 50% Cotton purchase records, National poverty report Cotton yields are not affected by adverse climatic conditions or unprecedented pest attack Project Objective 1: Empowering the Cotton farming community in Ng’hoboko, Isengwa and Mwafuguji on-farm decision making by December 2014. OUTPUT 1: Best Cotton agronomic practices developed Activities Conduct Need assessment and seeking stakeholder partnership (community mobilization to participate in the project) 122farmer’s interview, 3 focused group discussion conducted, number of community members in the three villages sensitize /mobilized about the project, number ginners committed resources in the project CNA report, acknowledgment of partners Willingness of the stakeholders to participate. Analysis of farmers’ existing agricultural practices, production patterns, post-harvest handling 6 key informant consulted, using lead farmers selected from the villages The consulted fellow are knowledgeable enough of the existing practices Develop Best Cotton Agronomic Practice (Best CAP) incorporating indigenous Manual produced The formulated document
Reporting Schedule and Pattern Table 51: Reporting Schedules Who reports To whom Deliverables Date of completion Lead farmers & quality committee Village council and copy to Ginners field officers Monthly reports Every month Ginners field officers CI and copy to Ginners Weekly reports Every week of the project Cotton Inspector (CI) Project coordinator Monthly reports Every 30th of each month Project coordinator Director general Monthly report Every 30th of each month. 3 month implementation report Every three months 6 month implementation reports, work plan and budget review reports. 6, 12, 18 month. 9 month (mid-term review report) 9, 18 months Completion report 18 month
Table 5.1: Participatory Monitoring Plan Project Objectives Outputs Activities Indicators/Target Source of Data Methods Responsible Person Time Frame Empowering the Cotton farming community in Ng’hoboko, Isengwa and Mwafuguji on-farm decision making by December 2014. Best Cotton agronomic practices developed Seeking stakeholder partnership (resource mobilization and community mobilization to participate in the project) 3sensitization meeting conducted, number of Farmers attending mobilization meetings. 2 ginners commit resources Village visitors book, TCB progress reports Review of Documentation, attendance list CED student, TCB staff 30th July 2013 Analysis of farmers’ existing agricultural practices, production patterns, post-harvest handling Number of key informant consulted at the community, Village council records Review of documentation CED student, Consultant, TCB staff 31st august 2013 Develop Best Cotton Agronomic Practices (Best CAP) incorporating indigenous knowledge and climate change Developed manual TCB reports Observation and documentation TCB staff, CED student, consultant 15th October 2013 Best CAP promoted Identify individuals that will act as trainers through their Farmer Business Groups (FBGs) 9 Lead farmers identified Village project committee Letter of introduction TCB staff, CED student 30th July 2013 Conduct a Training of trainers (TOT) workshops 3 Training sessions conducted, 9 lead farmers trained per session. TCB training reports Review of Documentation, focused group discussion. List of participants TCB staff, CED student 30th Oct 2013, Jan 30th 2014, April 30th 2014 Dissemination of Best CAP through Leaflets, manual and other mass media 900 leaflet distributed, number of farmers adopting Best CAP TCB staff mission reports, Field Survey and review of documentation TCB staff, CED student 30th October 2013 Demonstration Selection and 9 acres identified (three Village project Field survey TCB staff, 30th October
plots established Establishment of on-farm demonstrations plots within selected FBGs in each village acres per village) committee CED student, ginners field officers 2013 Conduct training in the demonstration plots 3 session conducted, 50% increased yield per acre Farmers daily records, Ginners purchase records, Focussed group discussion and review of farmer’s daily records TCB staff, CED student, ginner field officers 30th Nov 2013, 25th Febr 2014, 30thMay 2014 Mentor and backstop trainers as they train farmers 2 mentors attend every session TCB staff mission reports Review of reports CED student, TCB staff 30th Nov 2013, 25th Febr 2014, 30th May 2014 Enhancing skills and infrastructure of smallholders in quality cotton production by December 2014 Quality cotton produced by farmers in the project area. Create awareness to 900 farmers about international sanitary and phytosanitary standards of cotton production procedures 1 awareness campaign per village TCB Cinemas and observation CED student, TCB staff 15thJune 2014 Promote the use of cotton picking and collecting bags 2700 cotton picking& collecting bags distributed TCB, Village project committee records Field survey and review of distribution list TCB staff, CED student 15thJune 2014 Construction of one cotton warehouses each villages 3 cotton warehouses constructed In the community in question Observation TCB staff, CED student 31st September 2014 Improve cotton quality monitoring and control: Establishing of quality control committee 3 quality control committees established ,3 training session on quality management and control conducted Village committee’s records, TCB reports, Field survey, documentation review TCB staff, CED student 30th Nov 2013, 30thMar 2014, 30th Aug 2014 Strengthening linkages among service providers and cotton farming communities Stakeholders relationship improved Involvement of ginners in maintaining on-farm demonstration plot Kgs of cotton seed for planting, acre packs of insecticides, Kgs of fertilizers, pump and TCB reports, village committee records, Field observation, distribution list Ginner’s field officers, 30th Nov 2013
from the pre-sowing stage up to post-harvest management. extension services offered by ginners in demo plots Ginners records Develop a contractual relationship (supply of inputs and sells of seed cotton) Amount of inputs given on loan Ginners, Lead farmer and village project committee’s records Field survey and contracts signed Ginner field officers, CED student, TCB staff 30th Nov 2013 Paying premium price for good picked and sorted cotton Kgs of seed cotton paid premium Ginners, Lead farmer purchase records Documentation review , field survey Ginner field officers, CED student, TCB staff 31 November 2014 Conduct a stakeholder workshop for experience sharing and lesson learnt 1 stakeholder workshop. TCB reports List of participants, papers presented TCB management 2014 Project managed and coordinated Project coordination and managements 1 project coordinator and two ginners field officers TCB and ginners records Time sheet and salary slip TCB staff, ginners, and CED student 31 December 2014 Monitor project progress and report on resource utilization 18 monthly reports produced 3 progress report on every 6 months and one final implementation report. 90% of the allocated fund utilized. TCB reports Review of documentation and audited reports TCB management 3 months after completion of operational period Impact assessment of Best CAP conducted Conduct impact assessment survey on Bes CAP adoption (for comparison with baseline data) 9 day impact assessment survey conducted In the community in question. Survey reports Ginner field officers, CED student, TCB staff March 2015 Disseminate the findings Number of mass media release. Media release Note published and clip of the aired video TCB management April 2015
Project Evaluation Summary Table Table 5.2: Evaluation Summary Table Project objectives Outputs Activities Indicators/target Expected outcome Remark Empowering the Cotton farming community in Ng’hoboko, Isengwa and Mwafuguji decision making by December 2014. Best Cotton agronomic practices developed Seeking stakeholder partnership (resource mobilization and community mobilization to participate in the project) 3 sensitization meeting conducted, number of Farmers attending mobilization meetings. 2 ginners commit resources Cotton farmers, ginners and LGA participate in project implementation and commit resources Attained Analysis of farmers’ existing agricultural practices, production patterns, post-harvest handling Number of key informant consulted at the community, The Best CAP is developed incorporating indigenous knowledge and climate change Attained Develop Best Cotton Agronomic Practices (Best CAP) incorporating indigenous knowledge and climate change Developed manual Best CAP promoted Identify individuals that will act as trainers through their Farmer Business Groups (FBGs) 9 Lead farmers identified The trained Lead farmers play the role of facilitator through their group hence creating multiplication effect on knowledge of Best CAP Attained in training the group members. Conduct a Training of trainers (TOT) workshops 3 Training sessions conducted, 9 lead farmers trained per session. The multiplication effect to be compile late after project operation period Dissemination of Best CAP through Leaflets, manual and other mass media 900 leaflet distributed, number of farmers adopting Best CAP Attained plots established Selection and Establishment of on-farm demonstrations plots within selected FBGs in each village 9 acres identified (three acres per village) Yield in the demo plot increase by 50% and that participating cotton farmers are able to realize the change. To be measured September 30, 2014 Conduct on-farmer-participatory training in the demonstration plots 3 session conducted, 50% increased yield per acre Mentor and backstop trainers as they train farmers 2 mentors attend every session
TCB. (2010). The Cotton Industry Implementation Plan: 2010 - 2015. Dar-es salaam: Tanzania cotton board. TCB. (2010). The second cotton sector development strategy (csds ii): 2009- 2015: a stakeholder roadmap for increased production productivity and profitability of cotton. Dar es salaam: Tanzania cotton board. TCB. (2012). Increase smallholder income through improved quality and market access of cotton produced in Tanzania. Dar es salaam: Tanzania cotton board. TCB, T. C. (2010). second corporate strategic plan: 2010/11- 2012/13. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Cotton Board. UNDP. (2012). Africa human development report 2012: Sustainable Agricultural Productivity for Food, Income and Employment. UNDP. Wikipedia. (2014, may 22). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_management. Retrieved May 22, 2014, from A wikipedia web site: http://en.wikipedia.org Yin. (2000). What is research design:the context of design. Lagos: Pulpore Ink. APPENDICES Appendix 1: Questionnaire for CNA English version DATE OF INTERVIEW DISTRICT VILLAGE NAME OF RESPONDENT NAME OF INTERVIEWER QUESTIONNAIRE NO 1: Community Demographic characteristics
Please circle the appropriate/suitable response in the following; where necessary you can circle/tick more than one response Sex Age Marital status Occupation Your education level Your skills 1= male 2= female 1= 10-18 2= 19 – 40 3= 41 – 60 4= 61+ 1= Married 2= not married 1= Livestock 2= Business 3= Peasant 4= Employed 5=Student 1= Primary Education 2= Secondary Education 3= High School Education 4= College Certificate 5=College Diploma 6=Bachelor’s Degree 7=Post Graduate Degree 8= No formal Education 1= carpentry 2= tailoring 3= bicycle/ motorcycle repair 4= driving 5=Farming business 6= Others (specify)… Number of adults living in household: 1 = 1-5, 2= >5 Number of children living in household 1 = 1-4, 2 = >4 For how long have you been a cotton farmer? 1 = ≤ 1year, 2= >1year What is the category of the Land you cultivate cotton? 1= Rented 2=Family owned 3=Own Land What is the size of the land u cultivate cotton 1= 1-2 acre, 2 = >2 acres 2: Livelihoods Strategies and Outcomes Please provide information on your income sources and its stability. Circle/tick the number corresponding to the correct response Income source Any family member involved Average amount of sales per annum Average amount per month (Tshs) How stable is this source of income? 1= Unstable 2=Moderately stable 3Stable Selling of milk 1= Yes 2= No 1= 500 litres 2= > 500 litres 1= <250,000 2= >250,000 1 2 3 Seed cotton sales 1= Yes 2= No 1= ≤200 Kgs/acre 2= >200 Kgs/acre 1= ≤120,000 2= >120,000 1 2 3 Selling Water (litres) 1= Yes 2= No 1= 20 – 100 litres 2= 120- 1000 litres 1= 1,000 - 300,000 2=300,000 - 500000 1 2 3
3=1020 – 2000 litres 4= above 2000 litres 3=500,000 – 600000 4= above 600000 Employment 1= Yes 2= No 1= < 170,000 2= 171000 3=451,000 4=Above 650,000 1 2 3 Working as cotton agent/secretary 1 =YES 2 =NO 1=100,000 2 > 100,000 3 = Paid on commission 1 2 3 Cotton Transport services 1= Yes 2= No 1= below 170,000 2= above 170,000 1 2 3 Selling of cereals (maize, rice, extra) 1= Yes 2= No 1= below 170,000 2= above 170,000 1 2 3 Selling of labour 1= Yes 2= No 1= below 170,000 2= above 170,000 1 2 3 Selling of livestock 1=YES 2=NO 1 2 3 3: Capital Portfolio Please indicate the type (s) of your asset/capital and rank them in order of importance; write the number of the correct response. Assets/capital Do you have access to such a financial capital? 1= Yes 2= No Rank your portfolio in relation to easiness to access and spend Access: 1= Very easy 2= Moderate 3= Not easy Easiness to spend: 1= Very easy 2= Moderate 3= Not easy Cash saving at bank Cash saving at home/pocket Credit on cotton inputs Own bicycle Own a cotton warehouse Livestock
Tanzania Limited 4. Mr Gasper Kileo M CEO Gaki Investment co. Ltd 5. Village councils for Ng’hoboko, Mwafuguji and Isengwa Appendix iv: Community needs as summarised on Table 47 Table 53: Community needs as summarised on Table 47 Need: pest and disease management in cotton Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Completely not important 1 .8 .8 .8 unimportant 2 1.6 1.6 2.5 important 26 21.3 21.3 23.8 Very Important 93 76.2 76.2 100.0 Total 122 100.0 100.0