Key Topic 3. 1700–1900: Medicine in 18th and 19th Century Illustration in Punch 1852. “A court for King Cholera” Case Studies: Jenner and the development of vaccination. Fighting Cholera in London, 1854 Language and Literacy Key Terms and their meanings in Medicine 1250-1500. Bacteria Micro-organisms that can cause diseases Cholera A disease passed on in water contaminated with faeces Contagion The passing of a disease from one person to another Dysentery A severe infection causing frequent fluid bowel movement Effluvia Unpleasant smells from waste matter Germ A micro-organism that causes disease Germ Theory The idea that germs cause disease, often through the air or water Immunity Protection from disease through the bodies self defences Immunisation Making immunity usually by vaccination
Edwin Chadwick worked tirelessly to improve public health during the 1840s and 1850s. were being spread through better training of doctors through universities rather than through the Church. and also made laws designed to improve public health. There was increased intervention. FACTORS OF CHANGE 1700-1900 Science and Technology Scientists discovered links between germs and disease. Chemists discovered medicines and gases to tackle infection and pain. Developments in industry led to better syringes and microscopes. Engineers developed solutions for water supply and sewage systems. War War created a demand for treating the sick and wounded. The Crimean War of the 1850s led to changes in nursing and hospitals. A climate of competition between countries, and Pasteur’s motivation to find cures, was motivated by a desire that France should lead medical research. Communication and Education Increased funding for Universities ensured that there was a growing climate of enquiry and research. Journals and publications became more widely available due to improved transportation, with the development of the railway network Activity 2 Role of Individuals Despite the work of pioneering individuals such as Jenner, Chadwick and Pasteur there remained a great deal of opposition to new ideas about the causes and cures for illness and disease. Old Ideas Many old ideas and ways of thinking and working continued. Blood letting was still widely practised as a treatment and superstition remained widespread when science appeared to be unable to provide explanations or solutions to why treatments worked. Role of Government The role of government was hindered by lack of experience and personnel, and fear of putting off voters because of the cost in tax. The growth of towns created many new health problems.
by advances in equipment such as the Microscope in the 19th Century. highlighted the poor hygiene of military hospitals and the high rates of infection and led to Florence Nightingale’s pioneering work. training of nurses began to change rapidly after 1860 with the establishment of nursing schools. Activity 10 How far did ideas about the treatment and prevention of disease change in the period how far ideas about treatments changed by plotting your own living graph and labelling some of the significant developments. If you had an infectious disease doctors and other healers could have done little to help throughout the 19th Century since there were no antibiotics yet discovered. Patent Medicines began to develop painkilling like aspirin in 1880s. By 1900 companies like Boots, Wellcome and Beechams produced Medicines as treatments. Following the work of Pasteur and Koch, the bacteria that caused illness and disease were gradually discovered and new vaccinations began to develop by the 1890s to eradicate many infectious diseases. In the 1850s and 60s Florence Nightingale reformed Nursing training. From 1867 Infirmaries (hospitals) began to be built by local authorities. In 1798 Edward Jenner discovered a vaccine for smallpox but as unable to explain scientifically exactly how it worked. Old ideas of treatment such as blood letting and purging along with herbal remedies continued to be used to treat the sick. Activity 11 Exam style questions 2 Explain one way in which the problems of public health were similar in the fourteenth to the nineteenth centuries. 4 marks 3 Explain why there was rapid change in the treatment of illness in Britain 1700-1900.You
Revolution Industrialisation and Public Health Laissez faire John Snow 1848 and 1875 Public Health Acts Trigger Memory Story Medicine 1700-1900 The story must be very imaginative. It must involve you seeing, talking and doing things. It must link the ten trigger words together in the form of a continuous story. You should then rehearse the story and commit it too your long term memory to be recalled when necessary. This will take some effot but will be very useful! Use different colours to write the trigger words in your story. I was...