LMI for All includes the highest qualification held (9 RQF categories) related to employment, replacement demand, unemployment rates, as well pay and earnings. However, for the reasons indicated, more detailed breakdowns by course would be difficult to map to occupation by SOC2010. Census of Population data The Census of Population provides very geographically detailed information on the location of employment and the characteristics of workers in 2011. The LMI4All database includes a number of variables from the Census, which can be used as the basis of indicators, which detail the spatial pattern of labour demand and the geographical distribution of workers. Future developments that might enhance the database could be focused more on a local economic development perspective rather than the careers support angle. From a local economic development perspective, the main value of the Census data is to provide a detailed geographical breakdown of the availability of workers of different skill levels. The sort of variables which could be derived include: Number of workers at a given skill level (defined in terms of SOC major groups) within certain distance bands of a location of interest; The percentage of workers at various skill levels within a locality being considered for industrial development; Identification of areas in which employment of particular occupations is concentrated. Further details of what is available can be found in Annex C. European data – the Cedefop database, EU Skills Panorama, ESCO and EURES Cedefop projections, Skills Panorama and related data Over the past 10 years, IER, in collaboration with others, have developed an historical employment database and projections at a pan European level on behalf of Cedefop. This replicates many of the same features of the Working Futures employment database. In principle, the data can be used to generate employment information, including replacement demands, for each of the 27 EU Member States plus a few additional countries such as Norway and Switzerland. In practice, there are a few issues: The data were initially classified using ISCO 88, which is not directly comparable with SOC2010 – however, a broad brush mapping can be derived (see below). The new data published in 2014/15 used ISCO08. This is broadly compatible with SOC2010. IER and ONS have been working on developing mappings. The current Cedefop projections are primarily focused on the 2-digit level. Development of information at a more detailed level is being explored, but data
C.8.3 Preliminary RAS processes – Generating the pay and hours ‘targets’ The basic data are taken from the ONS website which publishes headline figures for all the main totals (by region, industry, occupation, etc.). An initial step is needed to ensure the targets for industry, occupation and qualification are themselves consistent. This requires a scaling of the three sets of wage bill targets (average wage * employment), by industry, by 2 or 4-digit occupations and by qualifications, to match the overall wage bill for all categories (and analogously for total hours worked (hours * employment). For this purpose employment is based on the Working Futures estimates. It also is necessary to fill some of the gaps in the more detailed breaks used as ‘targets’. These targets (for wage bills or total hours) can be generated as follows (the example shown is for wage bill and wage/pay rates): Wage rate for the industry (or occupation) * regional differential * gender/status differential) * relevant employment number, where: Regional (r) differential = wage rate (r)/wage rate for all regions; Gender (g)/status (s) differential = wage rate (g/s)/wage rate for all gender status categories. Note that if employment is zero the wage bill (or total hours) will therefore be zero. In the main LMI for All database estimates of pay are generated for full-time and part-time employees separately. The estimates cover just a single year (currently 2013). Within the database, weekly pay (excluding overtime) * employment for the following dimensions (focusing on industry) are included: Overall total (all gender-status, all industries, UK); Totals for 4 gender-status (all industries, UK); Totals for males and females separately (all industries, UK); Totals by 12 regions (all gender-status, all industries); Totals by 75 industries (all gender-status, UK); Industry (75) by region (11) by gender-status (4). The same output is repeated for hours worked. For occupations, there are the following outputs for total hours worked: Overall total (all gender-status, all occupations, UK); Totals for 4 gender-status (all occupations, UK); Totals for males and females separately (occupations, UK); Totals by 12 regions (all gender-status, all occupations);
the Census. The response rate to this question was 94.9 per cent – the missing 5.1 per cent of responses were imputed and published figures are thus for the entire population. Industry is derived from question 37 on the ‘main activity of your employer or business’. Occupation is derived from questions 34 and 35. Three types of information on employment were published: Employment characteristics of people resident in an area; Characteristics of people working in an area; Information on travel patterns of people in work. From this it is possible to identify where jobs located in a particular location draw workers from and identify where people living in a particular place work (in each case by industry or occupation). The Census also yields a large amount of information on the labour force and general labour market conditions. This includes: Labour market participation and participation rates. The number of people in each labour market state as a percentage of the population. This can be disaggregated by age and gender. Unemployment rates. This can be calculated by age and gender. The question on previous occupation and industry can be combined with current employment by industry and occupation to yield unemployment rates by occupation and industry. Long-term unemployment rates by age and gender. The majority of labour market tables are produced for the population aged 16 to 74. The simplest tables produced are the Key and Quick Statistics, available for all geographical levels across the UK. The more detailed Local and Detailed Characteristics tables are 2 and 3 and include breakdowns by age and gender. This information is available for electoral wards (above a specified population size threshold) and larger geographical areas. The indicators which can be calculated relate to the labour market characteristics of the population, the nature of employment for working people living in an area and the characteristics of jobs located in an area. These include: Economic activity rate by gender; Employment rate by gender; Full-time/part-time working by gender; Unemployment rate by gender; Percentage of working age population qualified to level 3 or higher; Percentage of working age population with poor or no qualifications; Occupational profile of employment by gender; Industry profile of employment by gender;