the divinity of Christ Application: Evaluating modern views similar to Paine’s 35 William Bartram 120–25 Biography and Introduction: Bartram’s view of God and nature, from Puritanism to Romanticism Thought and Discussion: Comparing Bartram to Sewall on nature and God 36–37 Philip Freneau 126–32 Analysis: The rise of deism and a biblical evaluation of its view of God, the Bible, man, and man’s reason; parallels to 1 Peter 1:24 Application: The effects of shifting moral absolutes 38 Phillis Wheatley 132–35 Analysis: Freedom in Christ Application: Balancing knowledge with wisdom (Daniel); responding to life’s difficulties (Rom. ) 39 Unit 3 Review 40 Unit 3 Test 41–45 Midterm Review and Midterm Examination Part 2: American Romanticism Unit 4: Knickerbockers 46–47 Part 2 Opener 138–45 Appendix C Appendix G Appendix H Part 2 Opener: Biblically evaluating key Romantic tenets about man, nature, and the source of truth; biblically evaluating unitarianism and transcendentalism; the failure of Romanticism as an opening for Darwinism Analysis: “Young Goodman Brown” and ’s theme of man’s flawed nature compared to Scripture (Rom. 7-8; Heb. 3-5; etc.) 48–49 148–61 Writing Rubric 4-1: Historical Sketch 50–51 James Fenimore Cooper 162–70 Writing Rubric 2-2: Autobiography Analysis: Christianity as the basis for Cooper’s moral vision 52–53 William Cullen Bryant 171–75 Analysis: Contrasting Bryant’s rationalistic view of death with a Christian perspective; avoiding hasty generalizations when biblically evaluating an author’s work Application: Nature in support of a Christian view of death 54 Unit 4 Review 55 Unit 4 Test Unit 5: 56 Henry Longfellow 178–80 Potential Problems: Distinguishing Longfellow’s humanism from any Christian values present in the poems 57 John Greenleaf Whittier 181–84
58 James Russell Lowell 184–89 Appendix G Writing Rubric 2-1: Poem Analysis: Man’s attempts to lower God to his level (Rom. ) 59 Oliver Wendell Holmes 190–93 Thought and Discussion: Biblically evaluating Holmes’s theme of (2 Cor. –5:9) 60 Unit 5 Review 61 Unit 5 Test Unit 6: Transcendental Optimists 62–64 Ralph Waldo Emerson 196–207 Transcendentalism: Transcendentalism versus a biblical worldview Biography and Analysis: Emerson’s ideas of man, nature, the Bible and the perfectibility of society Analysis: Comparing views of God and man (Edward Taylor, Benjamin Franklin, and Emerson) Thought and Discussion: Biblically evaluating individual statements from Emerson’s work 65–67 Henry David Thoreau 208–21 Headnotes: Christians and government ( 13:1–7; 1 Pet. –14; etc.); a Christian view of self-reliance (Col. 1:17; Acts ), asceticism (Col. 2:20–23; 1 Tim. man, and nature Application: A biblical view of conscience (1 Cor. 8:7, 12; 1 Tim. 4:2; etc.) 68–70 Walt Whitman 222–37 Biography and Analysis: Biblical evaluation of Whitman’s ideas (divinity of man, freedom from restraints) and influence Potential Problems: Rejecting man’s sinfulness Analysis: A Christian view of death Application: Whitman reflecting 2 Tim. 3:2 Thought and Discussion: Whitman’s pantheistic symbol compared to Scripture 71 Unit 6 Review Appendix I 72 Unit 6 Test Unit 7: Transcendental Pessimists 73–76 Edgar Allan Poe 240–62 Writing Rubric 2-1: Poem Writing Rubric 4-1: Historical Sketch Biography: Biblical assessment of Poe’s pessimistic portrayal of life and man’s nature Application: Using biblical allusions to reinforce tone 77–--80 Nathaniel Hawthorne 262–306 Biography and Analysis: ’s biblical view of man and man’s state in the world Analysis: ’s condemnation of transcendentalism and Unitarianism Application: Evaluating modern views of man and God and tracing the desires that motivate these views based on
Roethke 145 Edna Millay W. H. Auden 578–82 146 Ezra Pound William Carlos Williams Archibald MacLeish 582–87 Thought and Discussion: The Scriptures and aesthetic values; aestheticism and didacticism from a biblical perspective 147–48 Carl Sandburg E. E. Cummings 588–99 Appendix V Writing Rubric 2-1: Poem Biography, Thought and Discussion: Biblical evaluation of Sandburg’s propagandistic tendencies and prominent themes Biography: Biblical assessment of Cummings’s emphasis on individuality and the sensual 149 Wallace Stevens James Weldon Johnson 600–610 Biography and Introduction: Stevens’s neo-paganism (rejection of Christ’s atonement in favor of nature as God) Analysis: Biblically evaluating Stevens‘s arguments for primitivism and the rejection of God (Phil. 3:20–21; Rev. 21:1–22:5) Application, Thought and Discussion: Worship of nature in today’s society; question of whether rejecting man’s immortality shows strength or gives comfort (John 14:1–3; 1 Cor. 15); living for earthly pleasure alone; developing compassion and praying for people living without hope Application: Anthropomorphism in Scripture Thought and Discussion: Anthropomorphizing God while retaining reverence for Him; the biblical acceptability of the poem’s style and narrative 150 T. S. Eliot 611–13 Introduction: Eliot’s prescription for the problems of twentieth century man Analysis: Portraying the total change that the new birth in Christ brings Application: Combating the idea that education is incompatible with faith in Christ’s divinity or the inspiration of Scripture Thought and Discussion: Evaluating Eliot’s indirectness in proclaiming the truth; obstacles in the path to conversion; the spiritual paradox symbolized by birth and death 151 Unit 12 Review 152 Unit 12 Test Unit 13: Modern American Prose 153–54 Shirley 616–20 Appendix W Thought and Discussion: Evaluating