Andrea Broughton, Rachel Marangozov and Chiara Manzoni from the Institute for Employment Studies helped us define the concept of vulnerability and identity the people at higher risk of harm, abuse, discrimination or disadvantage. Jon Bashford and Sherife Hasan Community from Innovations Enterprise LLP helped us develop three indicators in the ‘Justice and personal security’ domain, namely ‘Criminal and civil justice’, ‘Restorative justice’ and ‘Rehabilitation, resettlement and reintegration’. Jane Harris, Lucy Asquith and Hannah Spencer from CordisBright Consulting helped us develop the ‘Social care’ indicator. Ebony Riddell Bamber and Tracey Agyeman from the Equality and Diversity Forum (EDF) hosted a roundtable discussion on intersectionality and how to apply the concept practically to equality and human rights monitoring. Participants were members of the EDF NGO and research networks. We are very grateful to our partners and those who contributed to the development of the framework through a range of consultation events and discussions. A full list of people and organisations who sent a written response to the consultation can be found in the appendix. 2.3 Developing domains The Measurement Framework covers six domains, or themes, reflect the things or areas in life that are important to people and enable them to flourish. Education – To be knowledgeable, to understand and reason, and have the skills and opportunity to participate in parenting, the labour market and in society Education is an important driver of people’s success in work, sense of achievement and emotional and financial well-being. However, educational opportunity is not shared equally in Britain and outcomes vary hugely. This domain assesses the extent to which all children and young people in Britain can fulfil their right to an education. It highlights the differences between various groups of children and young people in terms of how well they do in school, their likelihood to be excluded from school, to be bullied in school, or left without a clear path following the completion of their compulsory schooling. The domain also gives
HEALTH The capability to be healthy, physically and mentally, free in matters of sexual relationships and reproduction, and having autonomy over care and treatment and being cared for in the final stages of your life Health outcomes Access to healthcare Mental health Reproductive and sexual health* Palliative and end of life care* JUSTICE AND PERSONAL SECURITY The capability to avoid premature mortality, live in security, and knowing you will be protected and treated fairly by the law Conditions of detention Hate crime, homicides and sexual/ domestic abuse Criminal and civil justice Restorative justice* Reintegration, resettlement and rehabilitation* PARTICIPATION The capability to participate in and in communities, access services, know your privacy will be respected, and express yourself Political and civic participation and representation Access to services Privacy and surveillance Social and community cohesion* Family life* * Supplementary indicators A number of principles sit behind the selection of indicators: Relevance for human rights – indicators should be rooted in international human rights standards, for example the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Relevance for equality and non-discrimination – indicators should be rooted in international and domestic principles of equality and non-discrimination, for example the Equality Act 2010 and the ECHR. Relevance for duty-bearers – the State has a duty to respect, promote and fulfil people’s rights. Selected indicators should help to assess how the State is fulfilling its role as the principal duty-bearer, whether through legislation, policies, regulation or the provision of services. Impact on life chances – some indicators may be chosen because the under consideration impacts on people’s survival or their ability to prosper in the future. trial
Liberal egalitarianism The first principle of justice according to liberal egalitarianism is that everyone is entitled to a full set of basic liberties. According to Rawls, social and economic inequalities are justifiable in some circumstances and not in others. First, Rawls argues that ‘in all parts of society there are to be roughly the same prospects of culture and achievement for those similarly motivated and endowed’ (Rawls, 2001, p. 44). This is a strong statement of non-discrimination, including on grounds of gender, ethnicity, sexual identity and so on. Secondly, any inequalities must benefit of the least advantaged members of society. This formulation, known as the ‘difference principle’ reflects the idea that some degree of inequality may be necessary in order to incentivise people to be productive, thereby increasing the size of the cake overall and, potentially, increasing the size of the slice allocated to the least well-off members of society. One of the distinctive features of Rawls’ approach is that the difference principle applies to what he calls ‘primary goods’ – things such as income and wealth that are generally useful for people in pursuing their goals, whatever those goals may be. Rawls argues that evaluation of equality and inequality should focus on these means (resources, or inputs) available to people to achieve desirable ends rather than on the ends themselves, because people have diverse goals and the state should not prescribe a particular vision of ‘the good life’. However, critics of egalitarianism have focused on the choice of primary goods as the currency of justice. Sen (1999), for example, argues that relying on primary goods overlooks the diverse rates at which people can convert them into real opportunities. He reminds us, for example, that a disabled person may need more or different resources to achieve the same standard of living as a non-disabled person. 3.2 Capability In our view, the most compelling theoretical underpinning for equality and rights monitoring is provided by Sen’s capability approach (Sen, 1985, 1993, 1999, 2009). The capability approach has been a major theoretical influence on the development of new indicator-based monitoring exercises, such as the UNDP’s Human Development Index, the Millenium Development Goals and the OECD’s Better Life Index, and it has formed the basis of our previous equality and children’s measurement frameworks.
5.1 Education Table 5.1: Education Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes - the future we want Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To be knowledgeable, to understand and reason, and to have the skills and opportunity to participate in parenting, the labour market and in society. person should be capable of: Attaining the highest possible standard of knowledge, understanding and reasoning Being fulfilled and stimulated intellectually, including being creative if they wish Developing the skills necessary for parenting and for participating in the labour market Learning about a range of cultures and beliefs and acquiring the skills to participate in a diverse society People’s right to education is respected, protected and fulfilled People are free from discrimination and abuse in education All children have the opportunity to reach their full potential through education, irrespective of their disability status, race, religion/belief, sex, sexual orientation or group Social exclusion, bias, stereotyping and bullying have no place in the education system No child is unfairly excluded from school. All young people are in education, employment or training A person’s age, disability, race, religion/belief, sex, sexual orientation or socio-economic group has no bearing on their ability to attend higher education and do well Every person has a meaningful opportunity for lifelong learning Educational attainment of children and young people Early years education Attainment at school-leaving age Impact of gender bias and stereotyping on educational attainment Impact of poverty and social exclusion on educational attainment School exclusions, bullying and NEET (not in education, employment or training) Exclusions from school Bullying in schools NEET Higher education and lifelong learning Higher education, including subject choice, attainment, degree-level qualifications Lifelong learning
Education and Care (DfE, 2016); School Admissions Code (DfE, 2014) Justice Board for England and Wales Office for Budget Responsibility; PESA; Cumulative impact assessment of welfare reforms Scotland Delivering Excellence and Equity in Scottish Education: A Delivery Plan for Scotland (Scottish Government, 2016); Curriculum for Excellence (Scottish Government, 2004) Education Scotland; Scottish Qualifications Authority As above; Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland reports Wales Qualified for Life: An Education Improvement Plan (Welsh Government, 2016); School Admissions Code (DfE, 2014) Estyn; Public Services Ombudsman for Wales; Youth Justice Board for England and Wales As above; Government Expenditure and Revenue Wales reports Higher education and lifelong learning (CORE INDICATOR) RATIONALE In adulthood, educational attainment has a major impact on vocational success, as well as personal fulfilment and well-being. This indicator assesses educational inequalities in the adult population and highlights potential barriers to the full exercise of educational rights in Britain. TOPICS Higher education, including subject choice, attainment, degree-level qualifications Lifelong learning WHAT PEOPLE EXPERIENCE: THE ‘OUTCOME’ Statistical outcome measures EDU.HLL.1: Percentage with degree-level qualifications (adults aged over 25) Great Britain: Annual Population Survey, ONS Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, Socio-economic group
England Educational Excellence Everywhere (DfE, 2016); DfE Strategy 2015–2020: Education and Care (DfE, 2016); Post-16 Skills Plan (DfE, 2016) Higher Education Funding Council for England Ofqual; Office of the Independent Adjudicator; Office for Fair Access Budget announcements; Office for Budget Responsibility; PESA; Cumulative impact assessment of welfare reforms Scotland Delivering Excellence and Equity in Scottish Education: A Delivery Plan for Scotland (Scottish Government, 2016); A Blueprint for Fairness (Commission on Widening Access, 2016) HM Inspectorate of Education; Scottish Qualifications Authority; Scottish Funding Council; Poverty and Inequality Commission Scotland As above; Government expenditure and revenue Scotland reports Qualified for Life: An Education Improvement Plan Government, 2016); Youth Engagement and Progression Framework (Welsh Government, 2015); For Our Future – The 21st Century Higher Education Strategy and Plan for Wales (Welsh Government, 2009) Estyn; Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW); Public Services Ombudsman for Wales As above; Government expenditure and revenue Wales reports
5.2 Work Table 5.2: Work Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes - the future we want Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To work in just and favourable conditions, to have the value of your work recognised, even if unpaid, to not be prevented from working, and to be free from slavery, forced labour and other forms of exploitation. Every person should be capable of: Having a decent paid job, with support where necessary Doing something useful and having the value of their work recognised even if unpaid Having rest and leisure, including holidays, and respite from caring responsibilities Working in just and favourable conditions, including health and safety, People’s rights to decent work and to be free from discrimination are respected, protected and fulfilled People are free from discrimination, harassment and victimisation in employment Everyone has the right to a free choice of profession No one is prevented from working in a particular occupation without good reason People are paid the same for the same, or similar, work Working environments are as safe and healthy as possible There is no place for forced labour, slavery or other forms of exploitation Employment Employment, including part-time, temporary and casual employment, zero-hour contracts, and flexible working Unemployment and economic activity Unfair treatment, bullying and harassment in the workplace Earnings Pay gaps in median hourly earnings Low pay Gender differences by industry, occupation, region and sector Occupational segregation Vertical and horizontal segregation, including in senior management and on boards Segregation within apprenticeships Forced labour and trafficking Adults trafficked for domestic servitude and other forms of exploitation Victims of trafficking referred to the National Referral Mechanism
Right of everyone to be promoted in his employment to an appropriate higher level – ICESCR 7(c) Latest principles established in case law. HOW THE STANDARDS ARE IMPLEMENTED: THE ‘PROCESS’ Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Resource allocation and expenditure Britain Women on Boards: Lord Davies targets SMC Budget announcements; Office for Budget Responsibility; PESA; Cumulative impact assessment of welfare reforms; Government expenditure and revenue Scotland/Wales reports England English Apprenticeships – our 2020 Vision; Apprenticeship Levy (2017) ESFA Scotland Youth Employment Strategy; Partnerships for Change 50/50; Modern Apprenticeships Audit Scotland Apprenticeship Programme Careers Wales Forced labour and trafficking (SUPPLEMENTARY INDICATOR) RATIONALE Forced labour and trafficking is a useful indicator to assess the extent to which people’s right to be free from slavery and forced labour is respected, protected and fulfilled. TOPICS Adults trafficked for domestic servitude and other forms of exploitation Victims of trafficking referred to the National Referral Mechanism
WHAT PEOPLE EXPERIENCE: THE ‘OUTCOME’ Sources Number of adults trafficked for domestic servitude and other forms of exploitation, and qualitative information on the conditions which allow trafficking to occur National Referral Mechanism statistics; All Party Parliamentary Group on Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery; Anti-Slavery Commissioner Annual Reports; House of Commons/ Lords/ Home Office and Scottish and Welsh Government publications; JRF; new academic research on forced labour and trafficking, particularly qualitative research on the impact of being trafficked Number of potential victims of trafficking referred to the National Referral Mechanism, including from Britain and qualitative information on the conditions which allow individuals to be potential victims of trafficking National Referral Mechanism statistics; All Party Parliamentary Group on Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery; Anti-Slavery Commissioner Annual Reports; House of Commons/ Lords/ Home Office; Scottish and Welsh Government; JRF; new academic research on forced labour and trafficking, particularly qualitative research on the impact of being a victim of trafficking WHAT THE STANDARDS SAY: THE ‘STRUCTURE’ Prohibition of slavery and forced labour – HRA 1998 4 Freedom from forced labour, slavery and servitude – ECHR; latest principles established in case law Prohibition of slavery and enforced servitude – 8 Suppression of trafficking of women – CEDAW 6 Freedom from exploitation, violence and abuse – CRPD 16 Right to identity; separation of children from parents; obligation to combat the illicit transfer of children – CRC 8, 9, 11 Prohibition of sale of children, prostitution and child pornography; right to identity – CRC Optional Protocol Efforts to combat trafficking based on a victim-centred approach to protection and prosecution must improve – RU Anti-Trafficking Directive 2011/36/EU All forms of human trafficking must be prevented; victims and witnesses of trafficking to be protected; effective investigation of trafficking ensured; achievement of international co-operation against trafficking – Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings 2008 Anti-Slavery Commissioner established to lead and co-ordinate efforts in tackling slavery in England and Wales; legislation brought into line with the EU Anti-Trafficking Directive and the Council of Europe Convention – Modern Slavery Act 2015 Human trafficking, slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour addressed in Scotland – Human Trafficking and Exploitation (Scotland) Act 2015
5.3 Living standards Table 5.3: Living standards Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes - the future we want People’s right to an adequate standard of living is respected, protected and fulfilled Everyone has an adequate standard of living, including nutrition, clothing, housing, warmth, social security, social services and utilities All people can live as independently as possible and with dignity Nobody lives in overcrowded accomodation Social/ affordable housing is readily available Those who rent have security of tenure People have access to and control over effective and social care and support to enable independent living, including accessible housing Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To enjoy an adequate standard of living, with independence and security, and to be cared for and supported when necessary. person should be capable of: Enjoying an adequate and secure standard of living, including nutrition, clothing, housing, warmth, social security, social services and utilities Having control over personal spending Getting the care they need Having control over how care is provided to support independent living Getting around inside and outside the home and enjoying home in peace and security Living with independence, dignity and self-respect Poverty Adults and children living in households 60% contemporary median income after housing costs Social security / benefit system Child poverty and poverty of disabled people, refugees and asylum seekers Food and fuel poverty Material deprivation Housing Homelessness Overcrowding and suitable accommodation Housing benefits Housing tenure Housing for Gypsies/Travellers and disabled people Social care Access to social care Quality of social care Dignity and respect in social care Choice and control over support to enable independent living, and independent advocacy Social care funding Impact of caring on carers
Duty on local authorities to support carers’ health and well-being and to provide an information and advice service for carers – Carers (Scotland) Act 2016 Latest principles established in case law. HOW THE STANDARDS ARE IMPLEMENTED: THE ‘PROCESS’ Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Resource allocation and expenditure England Adult Social Care Outcomes Framework; Putting children first (DfE); Valuing people now: Fundamental standards for health and social care; NICE service standards CQC; NICE; Health and Social Care Professions Council HM Treasury Public Expenditure; PESA; Budget announcements; Office for Budget Responsibility; Cumulative impact assessment of welfare reforms Scotland Health and Social Care Integration policy; Getting it right for every child Care Inspectorate; Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland; Scottish Social Services Council As Draft budget and final budget (Scotland) Wales Intermediate Care Fund Supporting People programme Care and Social Services Inspectorate for Wales; Care Council for Wales As above; Final budget and first and second supplementary budgets (Wales) Statistical process measure LST.SCR.2: Rate per 1,000 receiving social care either in the community or in a care home (adults) England: Social services activity statistics, NHS Digital Age, Ethnicity, Gender Scotland: Scottish care homes census, ISD Scotland; Social care services - Scotland, Scottish Government Age, Disability (including Impairment Type), Gender
5.4 Health Table 5.4: Health Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes - the future we want Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To be healthy, physically and mentally, being free in matters of sexual relationships and reproduction, having autonomy over care and treatment, and being cared for in the final stages of your life. Every person should be capable of: Attaining the highest possible standard of physical and mental health Accessing timely and impartial information health and healthcare options Accessing healthcare without discrimination and in a culturally sensitive way Avoiding premature mortality through disease, neglect, injury or suicide People’s to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health is respected, protected and fulfilled Timely and impartial information about health and healthcare options is available and accessible to all Everyone can access good quality healthcare without discrimination There is no premature mortality due to neglect, injury or suicide Life expectancy is not dependent on a person’s socio-economic status or where they live Health outcomes People’s current health status Suicide Infant mortality Life expectancy Malnutrition Health outcomes for people who are homeless, transgender people, Gypsies, Roma and Travellers, migrants, refugees and asylum seekers Access to healthcare Waiting and referral times Access issues specific to transgender people; Gypsy, Roma, Travellers; people with learning disabilities; people who are homeless; migrants, refugees, asylum seekers; prisoners; people in immigration detention Discrimination in access to healthcare Mental health Population reporting poor mental health and well-being Access to mental health services Treatment and quality of mental health services
treated medically only with informed consent Being free from stigma associated with some health conditions and being assured of patient confidentiality Being free to make their own choices in matters of sexual relationships and reproduction Being supported and cared for with dignity and respect in the final stage of their life, and having the autonomy to choose how and where to die Those in need of palliative or end of life care can live as well as possible until they die Autonomy in healthcare decision making, including for sexual and reproductive health, is enjoyed by all Mental health provisions for people in immigration detention and looked children Suicides, use of restraint and medication of mental health service users Use of mental health acts and community treatment orders Reproductive and sexual health Low weight births Access to sexual and reproductive health care, services and information Access to relationships and sex education Female genital mutilation (FGM) Palliative and end of life care Place of death Access to and quality of end of life care for people with serious mental health conditions, prisoners, and people with a non-cancer diagnosis Essential drugs used in palliative care and their provision
Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Resource allocation and expenditure England National Inclusion Health Board; Public Health Outcomes Framework DoH; NHS England; CQC; NHS Digital; National Inclusion Health Board PESA; ONS; Budget announcements; Office for Budget Responsibility; DoH; NHS England; King’s Fund; Institute for Fiscal Studies Scotland National Performance Framework (NPF); Healthcare Quality Strategy for NHS Scotland Care Inspectorate; Healthcare Improvement Scotland; Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland As Audit Scotland Government's Primary Care Plan; Public Health Outcomes Framework; Welsh Framework for action and delivery plan As above; NHS Wales; Public Health Wales Statistical process measures HLT.ACH.1: Percentage starting treatment who have waited for more than 18 weeks (adults) England: Consultant-led referral to treatments waiting times, NHS England None Scotland: NHS Waiting Times - 18 Weeks Referral to Treatment, ISD Scotland None Wales: NHS hospital waiting times - referral to treatment, Welsh Government None Mental health (CORE INDICATOR) RATIONALE
Office for Budget Responsibility; DoH; King’s Fund; Institute for Fiscal Studies England National Inclusion Health Board; Five Year Forward View; Public Health Outcomes Framework DoH; NHS England; CQC; NHS Digital As above; NHS England Scotland Mental Health Strategy for National Performance Framework; Healthcare Quality Strategy for NHS Scotland Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland; Healthcare Improvement Scotland; Care Inspectorate As Audit Scotland Wales Government's Primary Care Plan; Public Health Outcomes Framework NHS Wales; Public Health Wales; Healthcare Inspectorate Wales As above; NHS Wales; Public Health Wales Statistical process measures HLT.MTL.2.A and HLT.MTL.2.C: Percentage starting or receiving treatment for mental health conditions (adults and children) England: Improving access to psychological therapies (IAPT), NHS Digital Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Religion, Sexual orientation Scotland: Psychological therapies waiting times and Child and adolescent mental health services waiting times, ISD Scotland None Wales: Welsh Health Survey, Welsh Government Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Pregnancy, group Reproductive and sexual health (SUPPLEMENTARY INDICATOR) RATIONALE
Duty on Ministers to consider CRC requirements – Children and People (Scotland) Act 2014; Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure 2011 NHS responsibilities – National Health Service Act 1946; National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947 End of life care services in England and Wales – Health and Social Care Act 2012; Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 Assisted suicide in England and Wales – Suicide Act 1961 S2 Latest principles established in case law. HOW THE STANDARDS ARE IMPLEMENTED: THE ‘PROCESS’ Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Resource allocation and expenditure Britain Ambitions for Palliative and End of Life Care 2015 DoH; Association for Palliative Medicine of Great Britain and Ireland PESA; ONS; DoH; Marie Curie; England The National End of Life Care Strategy 2008; NHS Five Year Forward View; NHS outcomes framework NHS England; Public Health England; National Council for Palliative Care; Health Education England As above; NHS England Scotland Palliative and End of Life Care Strategic Framework for Action; Framework for Delivery of Palliative and End of Life Care for Children and People; Scottish Partnership for Palliative Care Care Inspectorate; Healthcare Improvement Scotland As above; Audit Scotland Scottish Public; Health Network (ScotPHN) Wales Palliative Care Planning Group; The Welsh Government’s Primary Care Plan; Declaration of the Rights of Older People; Public Health Outcomes Framework NHS Wales; Public Health Wales As above; NHS Wales; Public Health Wales Statistical process measures
HLT.PEL.1: Percentage of patients spending end of life at home (all ages) England: End of life care profiles, Public Health England Age, Gender Scotland: Percentage of end of life at home or in a community setting, ISD Scotland Age, Gender Wales: End of life care annual report, NHS Wales None
5.5 Justice and personal security 5.5: Justice and personal security Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes - the future we want Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To avoid premature mortality, live in security, and knowing you will be protected and treated fairly by the law. Every person should be capable of: Being free from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Avoiding premature mortality through injury or suicide in detention Being protected from being killed or murdered Living without fear of humiliation, harassment, and being free from violence or abuse based on who they are Being free from sexual and domestic violence and abuse Knowing they will be treated fairly before the law The rights to life, to freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment, to liberty and security, and to a fair are respected, protected and fulfilled Everyone can live without fear of humiliation, harassment or abuse based on who they are Every person can live their life free from violence including sexual and domestic violence Everyone is treated fairly before the law Nobody is arbitrarily detained or arrested Accessible, affordable and impartial legal information and advocacy is available to all People in detention do not suffer from violence, and are not subjected to unnecessary restraint and isolation Conditions of detention Detained population, non-natural deaths, conditions of detention, safety, mental health, use of force and restraint in specific settings: Prisons Police custody Health and social care detention Immigration detention Young Offender Institutions and other detention settings for children and young people Military detention abroad Hate crime, homicides, sexual and domestic abuse Hate crime and identity-based harassment Homicide Sexual violence and rape Domestic violence and abuse Criminal and civil justice Access to courts and tribunals Liaison and diversion services Legal aid Public confidence in the justice system
Being free from arbitrary arrest and detention Accessing affordable and impartial, legal information and advocacy Being supported when resettling and reintegrating into society after being in prison Restorative justice Restorative justice in the criminal justice system Safety and effectiveness Alternative dispute resolution and mediation Rehabilitation, resettlement and reintegration Rehabilitation Resettlement Reintegration
Contact with parents, deprivation of liberty, freedom from torture, treatment with dignity and respect – CRC 9(3), 37, 40 Latest principles established in case law. HOW THE STANDARDS ARE IMPLEMENTED: THE ‘PROCESS’ Implementation and evaluation of public policy Regulators Britain Common principles of restraint (National Preventive Mechanism, 2014); The Detention Centre Rules (2001); Minimising and Managing Physical Restraint (MoJ) Care Quality Commission; National Preventive Mechanism England National Framework for Reporting and Learning from Serious Incidents Requiring Investigation (National Patient Safety Agency, 2010) Prisons and Probation Ombudsman for England and Wales; HM Inspectorate of Prisons; HM Inspectorate of Constabulary Scotland Youth Justice strategy for Scotland, 2015–2020 (Scottish Government, 2015) HM Inspectorate of Prisons for Scotland; HM Inspectorate of Constabulary in Scotland; Care Inspectorate (Scotland); Police Investigations and Review Commissioner; Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland Wales Prisons and Probation Ombudsman for England and HM Inspectorate of Prisons; HM Inspectorate of Constabulary; Welsh Language Commissioner; Healthcare Inspectorate Wales; Care and Social Services Inspectorate Wales Statistical process measure JPS.DTN.2: Rate per 1,000 population in prison (adults) England and Wales: Offender management statistics quarterly, Ministry of Justice Age, Ethnicity, Gender, Religion Scotland: Prison Statistics Scotland, Scottish Government Age, Ethnicity, Gender, Religion JPS.DTN.3: Rate per 10,000 population held in the youth secure estate (children) England and Wales: Youth justice statistics, Youth Justice Board / Ministry of Justice Age, Ethnicity, Gender
Scotland: Scottish Crime and Justice Survey, Scottish Government Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, group JPS.VNT.3A and JPS.VNT.3C: Homicide rate per million population (adults and children) England and Wales: Homicide Index, Home Office; Focus on violent crime and sexual offences, England and Wales, ONS Age, Ethnicity, Gender Scotland: Homicide in Scotland, Scottish Government Age, Gender JPS.VNT.4: Percentage who experienced rape and assault by penetration, including attempts (self- reported) in the previous 12 months (adults) England and Wales: Crime Survey for England and Wales, ONS Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, Socio-economic group Scotland: Scottish Crime and Justice Survey, Scottish Government Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, group JPS.VNT.5: Percentage who experienced domestic violence and abuse in the previous 12 months (adults) England and Wales: Crime Survey for England and Wales, ONS Age, Disability (including Impairment type), Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, Socio-economic group Scotland: Scottish Crime and Justice Survey, Scottish Government Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, group Further topics
5.6 Participation 5.6: Participation Capabilities – the central and valuable freedoms and opportunities Outcomes -- the future we want Indicators – how we measure progress Topics To participate in decision-making and in communities, access services, know your privacy will be respected, and express yourself. Every person should be capable of: Participating in democratic, free and fair elections, and in the formulation of government policy, locally and nationally Participating in making decisions affecting their own life independently Participating in the local area Getting together with others, peacefully Forming and joining civil organisations and solidarity groups, including trade unions Accessing and using transport, digital and financial services, The rights to democratic, free and fair elections, and freedom of expression, assembly and association are respected, protected and fulfilled People can influence decisions that affect them People trust their neighbours People are free to form and join civil organisations and solidarity groups, including trade unions Transport, digital and financial services, culture, leisure and sport and public places are available and accessible to all Political and participation and representation Voting Political participation and freedoms of expression, assembly and association Ability to influence decisions in local area Civic participation, including public appointments and volunteering Trades unions, legislation and membership Access to services Access to transport Access to digital services Barriers to financial access and vulnerability to fraud Access to culture, leisure and Privacy and surveillance Internet use and awareness of privacy settings Treatment of personal data Adequacy of the legislative and regulatory framework Social and community cohesion and sense of belonging in the local neighbourhood Social and community cohesion, building relationships to counter radicalisation and extremism Community interaction and use of ‘shared spaces’
Political and civic participation and representation (CORE INDICATOR) RATIONALE Voting and involvement in formal public life are the fundamental tenet of democratic life and feature in many international treaties. This indicator provides a general overview of empowerment and involvement in helping to shape politics locally or nationally. It also looks at civic participation and trade unions. TOPICS Voting Political participation and freedoms of expression, assembly and association Ability to influence decisions in local area Civic participation, including public appointments and volunteering Trades unions, legislation and membership WHAT PEOPLE EXPERIENCE: THE ‘OUTCOME’ Statistical outcome measures PPN.PCP.1: Percentage voting in general elections (adults) Great Britain: Post-election survey, British Election Study Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or partnership status, Religion, Socio-economic group PPN.PCP.2: Percentage undertaking one or more of a number of political activities (adults) England: Community Life Survey, Cabinet Office Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, group Scotland: Scottish Social Attitudes Survey, ScotCen Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Sexual orientation, group Wales: British Social Attitudes Survey, NatCen Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Religion, Socio-economic group Further topics Topic Sources
Britain: Opinions and Lifestyle Survey Internet access module, ONS Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Socio-economic group PPN.PRV.2: Percentage who have experienced abuse of personal information (adults) Great Britain: Opinions and Lifestyle Survey Internet access module, ONS Age, Disability, Ethnicity, Gender, Marital or civil partnership status, Socio-economic group Further topics Topic Sources Internet use and public awareness of privacy settings We Are Social figures on internet use; Deloitte’s Data Nation Survey and ICO’s Annual survey for public opinion on how secure they think their personal information is Treatment of personal data collected and used by the State of Commons reports on role of UK government protecting information; ICO records of enforcement activity; Investigatory Powers Commissioner; Open Rights Group Adequacy of the legislative and regulatory framework Various official documents, including from Intelligence Security Committee investigations, EU Parliament, Commission’s own reviews of legislation; Investigatory Powers Review; key cases WHAT THE STANDARDS SAY: THE ‘STRUCTURE’ to respect for private and family life; protection from discrimination – HRA 1998 8; 14; ECHR 8 Prohibits unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation on the of protected characteristics – Equality Act 2010 Compatibility with Convention rights – Scotland Act 1998; Government of Wales Act 2006 108(6)(c), 81(1) Duty on Ministers to consider CRC requirements – Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014; Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure 2011 sanction for a range of surveillance and data collection powers, and new penalties introduced for the wrongful examination of data – Investigatory Powers Act 2016 Law on the processing of data on identifiable living people defined; data protection governed – Data Protection Act 1998 to privacy – ICCPR 17
employees on zero-hours contracts or on-call working; self-employed in SOC 6, 8 or 9) Earnings WRK.ERN.1: Pay gaps in median hourly earnings of employees, including overtime Pay gap in median hourly earning (excluding overtime) between men and working in Scotland Wealthier and Fairer Safer and Stronger Occupational segregation WRK.OCS.1: Percentage of employment in occupations (that is managerial and professional occupations, SOC 1 and 2) - WRK.OCS.2: Percentage of employment in low-paid occupations (that is caring, leisure and other service occupations; sales and customer service occupations; and elementary occupations, SOC 6, 8 & 9) Forced labour and trafficking None - Living standards Poverty LST.SCR.2: Dignity and respect in social care experience of social care services) - LST.PVT.1:Percentage of adults and children living in households below 60% contemporary median income after housing costs Proportion of individuals living in private households with an equivalised income of less than 60% of the UK median before housing costs Healthier Safer and Stronger Smarter Wealthier and Fairer Greener LST.PVT.2: Percentage of adults experiencing severe material deprivation Percentage of children in combined material deprivations (based on a suite of questions in the Family Resources Survey) and low income (below 70% of UK median income) Healthier and Stronger Smarter Wealthier and Fairer Greener Housing LST.HSG.1: Percentage of adults and children living in overcrowded accommodation Percentage of homeless households that are entitled to settled accommodation Wealthier and Fairer Healthier and Stronger LST.HSG.2: Percentage satisfied with their accommodation additions to the supply of housing Wealthier and Fairer and Stronger