1.1.11 Understanding the changes facing pollinators The importance of plant reproduction through insect pollination in human food security Describe the role of insects in crop production, using data; explain why bee populations are declining; make suggestions for increasing insect populations and hence crop production. Worksheet 1.1.11 Quick starter; Video: What causes hay fever?; Interactive activity: Problems for Bees; splat: Key vocabulary game 1.1.12 Understanding how seeds are dispersed by the wind Reproduction in plants, including seed and fruit formation and dispersal Recognise the variety of different structures shown by different seeds; describe the need for plants to disperse their seed; plan an investigation into seed dispersal by wind. Worksheet 1.1.12a Worksheet 1.1.12b Quick starter; Interactive activity: Seed dispersal; Video: A dandelion opens up and the seeds disperse 1.1.13 Understanding how fruits disperse seeds Reproduction in plants, including seed and fruit formation and dispersal, including quantitative investigation of some dispersal mechanisms Describe how fruits are used in seed dispersal; compare evidence about seed dispersal by wind and by fruit formation; use data to evaluate different seed dispersal mechanisms. Worksheet 1.1.13 Quick starter 1.1.14 Understanding the male reproductive system Reproduction in humans (as an example of a mammal), including the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems Describe the structure and function of different parts of the male reproductive system; compare plant and human male reproductive structures; summarise the strengths and weaknesses of the human and plant male reproductive systems. Worksheet 1.1.14a Worksheet 1.1.14b Quick starter 1.1.15 Understanding the female reproductive system and fertility Reproduction in humans (as an example of a mammal), including the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems, menstrual cycle (without details of hormones), gametes, fertilisation, gestation and birth Describe the structure and function of different parts of the female reproductive system; explain the process of fertilisation; explain problems of infertility and how they might be treated. Worksheet 1.1.15a Worksheet 1.1.15b Quick starter; Interactive activity: The process of fertilisation in humans; Interactive activity: In vitro fertilisation; Video: IVF ethics; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game
1.2.4 Comparing energy needs Calculations of energy requirements in a healthy daily diet Comparing energy values of different foods (from labels) (kJ) Describe how we use energy from food; compare the energy requirements of people of different ages and lifestyles; analyse numerical data about energy contents of foods. Worksheet 1.2.4 Quick starter; Interactive activity: How much energy? ; Video: Sugary drinks 1.2.5 Exploring obesity and starvation The consequences of imbalances in the diet including obesity, starvation and deficiency diseases Describe the physical effects of eating too much and eating too little; explain the physical effects of obesity and starvation; compare how deaths from obesity and starvation have changed over time. Worksheet 1.2.5 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Starvation and obesity; Video: Eating disorders 1.2.6 Understanding deficiency diseases Identify the causes and effects of some deficiencies in the diet; suggest which foods could prevent well-known deficiencies; plan ways of communicating ideas about preventing deficiency diseases. Worksheet 1.2.6 Quick starter; Slideshow: Vitamin and mineral deficiencies; Interactive activity: Deficiency diseases; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game 1.2.7 Understanding the human digestive system The tissues and organs of the digestive system, including adaptations to function Identify the organs of the human digestive system; explain the role of digestion; analyse links between digestion and the circulatory system. Worksheet 1.2.7 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Foods' journey through the body; Video: Rotating model of the human digestion system 1.2.8 Investigating the start of digestion The tissues and organs of the digestive system, including adaptations to function and how the digestive system digests food (enzymes simply as biological catalysts) Describe what is meant by chemical and physical digestion; explain how teeth and saliva are adapted to digestion; suggest how results can demonstrate that digestion begins in the mouth. Worksheet 1.2.8 Quick starter; Slideshow: Types of teeth; Interactive activity: Match the type of teeth to their function
1.2.14 Measuring breathing The mechanism of breathing to move air in and out of the lungs, including simple measurements of lung volume Describe what is meant by lung volume and identify some simple methods to measure it; identify independent, dependent and control variables in a investigation; interpret and evaluate data linked to lung volume. Worksheet 1.2.14 Technician’s notes 1.2.14 Practical sheet 1.2.14 Quick starter; Interactive activity: A method you can use to measure lung volume 1.2.15 Evaluating gas exchange in humans The structure and functions of the gas exchange system in humans, including adaptations to function Describe the features of the human gas exchange system; explain how the features enable gases to be exchanged; evaluate how well adapted the human gas exchange system is to its function. Worksheet 1.2.15 Quick starter ; Interactive activity: How oxygen gets into the bloodstream; Video: Our gas exchange system 1.2.16 Investigating diffusion The structure and functions of the gas exchange system in humans, including adaptations to function Diffusion in liquids and gases driven by differences in concentration Diffusion in terms of the particle model Explain how diffusion makes breathing possible; observe the effects of diffusion; apply diffusion to our breathing system and ask questions to develop understanding. Worksheet 1.2.16 Technician’s notes 1.2.16 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Diffusion: Match the term to its meaning; Slideshow: Diffusion: An explanation 1.2.17 Exploring the effects of disease and lifestyle The impact of exercise, asthma and smoking on the human gas exchange system Describe the physical effects of disease and lifestyle on the breathing system; explain the physical effects of disease and lifestyle on the breathing system; describe how our understanding of the effects of smoking has changed over time. Worksheet 1.2.17 Technician’s notes 1.2.17 Quick starter; Interactive activity: The symptoms caused by smoking and asthma; Video: Hospital patients smoking; splat: Key vocabulary game Chapter 3: Mixing, Dissolving and Separating
1.3.2 Working safely in a laboratory Recognise and reduce risks when working in a laboratory; name and select appropriate equipment. Worksheet 1.3.2 Quick starter; Video: Scientists working in a laboratory; Interactive activity: Measuring, mixing or heating; The Naked Scientist: What causes my kettle to fur up? 1.3.3 Recording experiments Represent scientific experiments clearly; make and record accurate measurements. Worksheet 1.3.3 Quick starter; Slideshow: Representing laboratory equipment; Interactive activity: Match the quantities to the correct apparatus 1.3.4 Recognising materials, substances and elements Differences between atoms, elements and compounds Chemical symbols and formulae for elements and compounds The concept of a pure substance Recognise the difference between materials, substances and elements; identify elements by their names and symbols; explain what is meant by a chemically pure substance. Worksheet 1.3.4 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Order the elements from most to least abundant 1.3.5 Understanding water The concept of a pure substance Recognise the importance and different sources of water; explain the differences between types of water. Worksheet 1.3.5 Practical sheet 1.3.5 Technician’s notes 1.3.5 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Water facts; Slideshow: Ice, water and steam 1.3.6 Dissolving Mixtures, including dissolving Explain the terms solvent, solution, solute and soluble; identify factors that affect dissolving; explain the difference between a dilute solution and a concentrated solution. Worksheet 1.3.6 Practical sheet 1.3.6 Technician’s notes 1.3.6 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Sucrose solutions; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game 1.3.7 Separating mixtures Mixtures, including dissolving Simple techniques for separating mixtures: filtration Recognise the differences between substances and use these to separate them. Worksheet 1.3.7 Quick starter; Video: Using size to separate mixtures: Panning for gold; Slideshow: Sieving for a reason; Interactive activity: Steps for separating a mixture of salt and sand
1.3.8 Dissolving and evaporating Mixtures, including dissolving Simple techniques for separating mixtures: evaporation Separate a soluble substance from water; form crystals from solutions; explain solubility. Worksheet 1.3.8 Quick starter; Video: Salt crystallizing under microscope; Interactive activity: Drag the quantity into the saturated solution 1.3.9 Extracting salt Identify sources of salt and describe how it is extracted; recognise the uses and importance of salt; obtain pure salt from a mixture. Worksheet 1.3.9 Practical sheet 1.3.9a Practical sheet 1.3.9b Practical sheet 1.3.9c Technician’s notes 1.3.9 Quick starter; Slideshow: Seawater and salt mines; Interactive activity: Extracting salt 1.3.10 Understanding distillation Simple techniques for separating mixtures: distillation Use distillation to separate substances; explain why distillation can purify substances. Worksheet 1.3.10a Worksheet 1.3.10b Practical sheet 1.3.10 Technician’s notes 1.3.10 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Order the steps for distillation; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game 1.3.11 Applying key ideas Extract ideas about water being hard from the text; extract ideas about solubility to explain some of the implications of the concept; use ideas and information about elements, compounds and formulae to explain the properties of chemicals. 1.3.12 Finding out what air is made of Simple techniques for separating mixtures: distillation The composition of the atmosphere Describe the composition of air; separate gases from air. Worksheet 1.3.12 Quick starter; Slideshow: Discovering the gases that make up air; Interactive activity: What is air made of?; Video: Ash cloud from Iceland volcano
1.4.9 Choosing elements for a purpose The varying physical and chemical properties of different elements Recognise the elements and their differences from physical data; use data and the properties of elements to choose suitable materials. Worksheet 1.4.9 Quick starter; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game 1.4.10 Applying key ideas Extract ideas about tin or other elements from the text, including earlier sections of the chapter; apply ideas about the properties of tin to explain some of its applications; use ideas and information about elements, compounds and formulas to explain the properties of chemicals. Worksheet 1.4.10 1.4.11 Combining elements Differences between atoms, elements and compounds Chemical symbols and formulae for elements and compounds Explain what is meant by a compound; recognise how compounds are formed and named; interpret the ratio of atoms and formula of compounds. Worksheet 1.4.11 Practical sheet 1.4.11 Technician’s notes 1.4.11 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Chlorides, oxides or carbonates; Interactive activity: Match the compounds to the correct atom ratio 1.4.12 Using models to understand chemistry Use a simple model to show the differences between atoms and molecules; use models to represent compounds. Worksheet 1.4.12 Practical sheet 1.4.12 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the oxide to its coloured circle model 1.4.13 Understanding what happens when an element burns Chemical reactions as the rearrangement of atoms Representing chemical reactions using formulae and using equations Combustion Make observations during chemical reactions; write word equations to demonstrate chemical changes; explain chemical changes using a model. Worksheet 1.4.13 Practical sheet 1.4.13 Technician’s notes 1.4.13 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Elements and compounds
1.4.14 Observing how elements react in different ways The varying physical and chemical properties of different elements Representing chemical reactions using formulae and using equations The chemical properties of metal and non-metal oxides with respect to acidity Draw conclusions to explain observations; use symbols and models to describe a chemical reaction. Worksheet 1.4.14a Worksheet 1.4.14b Practical sheet 1.4.14 Technician’s notes 1.4.14 Quick starter; Video; Interactive activity: Reversible or irreversible; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game 1.4.15 Identifying the special features of carbon The varying physical and chemical properties of different elements Explain the importance of carbon in our lives; identify and explain the differences between an element and its compounds. Worksheet 1.4.15 Practical sheet 1.4.15a Practical sheet 1.4.15b Technician’s notes 1.4.15 Quick starter; Video; Slideshow: Hydrocarbons: What are they and what are they used for?; Interactive activity: Hydrocarbon, carbohydrate or carbonate?; Video: Plastic bags: Why might they cause problems? 1.4.16 Understanding oxidation Representing chemical reactions using formulae and using equations Oxidation Describe oxidation; recognise the effects of oxidation; use data to support conclusions. Worksheet 1.4.16 Practical sheet 1.4.16a Practical sheet 1.4.16b Technician’s notes 1.4.16 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Most to least reactive 1.4.17 Investigating carbonates Conservation of mass changes of state and chemical reactions Combustion, thermal decomposition, oxidation Chemical symbols and formulae for elements and compounds Thermal decomposition Describe the composition and uses of carbonate compounds; recognise and explain thermal decomposition reactions; identify carbon dioxide. Worksheet 1.4.17 Practical sheet 1.4.17a Practical sheet 1.4.17b Technician’s notes 1.4.17 Quick starter; Slideshow: Modelling the thermal decomposition of carbonates
1.4.18 Explaining changes Differences between atoms, elements and compounds Chemical symbols and formulae for elements and compounds Conservation of mass changes of state and chemical reactions Chemical reactions as the rearrangement of atoms Thermal decomposition, oxidation Observe and explain mass changes; use scientific terms and simple models to explain chemical processes. Worksheet 1.4.18 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Oxidation, thermal decomposition or dissolving; Interactive activity: Match the missing mass to the chemical equation; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game Chapter 5: Forces and their Effects 1.5.2 Discovering forces Forces as pushes or pulls arising from the interaction between two objects Using force arrows in diagrams Recognise different examples of forces; list main types of force; represent forces using arrows. Worksheet 1.5.2 Quick starter; Slideshow: Examples of forces and magnetism; Video: Felix Baumgartner's freefall from space; Interactive activity: Balanced or unbalanced?; The Naked Scientist: What does it take to put a man on the Moon? 1.5.3 Measuring forces Forces measured in newtons Measure forces using newtonmeters; use correct unit for force; explain difference between mass and weight. Worksheet 1.5.3 Practical sheet 1.5.3 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Forces definitions; Slideshow: How do we measure mass, and what is it? May be combined with 1.5.2 1.5.4 Understanding weight on other planets Gravity forces acting at a distance on Earth and in space Explain the meaning of ‘weightless’; investigate weight on the Moon and on different planets; identify the link between weight and gravitational attraction. Worksheet 1.5.4 Quick starter; Slideshow: A look at Isaac Newton and his laws of gravity; Video: Diving on Earth and in space; Interactive activity: Order your weight on each planet
1.5.5 Exploring the effects of forces Forces being needed to cause objects to stop or start moving, or to change their speed or direction of motion Identify and describe the effects of forces of different sizes and directions; predict and explain the changes caused by forces; explain the concept of force pairs (action and reaction). Worksheet 1.5.5 Practical sheet 1.5.5 Technician’s notes 1.5.5 Quick starter; Interactive activity: True or false? 1.5.6 Understanding stretch and compression Forces associated with deforming objects Measurements of stretch or compression as force is changed Explain the relationship between applied force and the change of shape of an object; investigate forces involved in compressing and stretching materials; identify applications for compressible and stretchable materials. Worksheet 1.5.6 Practical sheet 1.5.6 Technician’s notes 1.5.6 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Stretch and compress 1.5.7 Investigating Hooke’s Law Forces associated with deforming objects; stretching and squashing – springs Measurements of stretch or compression as force is changed Force–extension linear relation; Hooke’s Law as a special case Investigate the effects of applied forces on springs; generate data to produce a graph and analyse outcomes. Worksheet 1.5.7 Practical sheet 1.5.7 Technician’s notes 1.5.7 Quick starter; Slideshow: An introduction to Robert Hooke; Interactive activity: Match forces to the masses; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game 1.5.8 Understanding friction Rubbing and friction forces between surfaces Identify the force of friction between two objects; describe the effects of friction; understand that friction acts in the opposite direction to the direction of movement. Worksheet 1.5.8 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Order the frictional forces 1.5.9 Exploring the benefits of friction Describe applications that make use of friction; design procedures for investigating the force of friction. Worksheet 1.5.9 Quick starter; Slideshow: Get a grip; Video: Situations where sliding is bad; Interactive activity: Friction
1.5.15 Understanding speed calculations Change depending on direction of force and its size Speed and the quantitative relationship between average speed, distance and time (speed = distance ÷ time) List the factors involved in defining speed; explain a simple method to measure speed; use the speed formula. Worksheet 1.5.15 Practical sheet 1.5.15 Quick starter; Slideshow: What is speed and how is it measured?; Interactive activity: Order the objects from fastest to slowest; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game 1.5.16 Understanding turning forces Moment as the turning effect of a force Describe the forces acting on a see-saw; understand that the forces turn about the fulcrum; explain how to balance different weights on a see-saw. Worksheet 1.5.16 Practical sheet 1.5.16 Technician’s notes 1.5.16 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Turning forces; Video: Seesaw tricks and a 949 seesaw 1.5.17 Discovering moments State and use the law of moments; describe how turning forces can be increased; list some examples of levers used as force multipliers. Worksheet 1.5.17 Practical sheet 1.5.17 Technician’s notes 1.5.17 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Order the size of the moments 1.5.18 Understanding the application of moments Link the law of moments to the design of cranes; explain why counterweights are needed by cranes; investigate the lifting capacity of a crane. Worksheet 1.5.18 Practical sheet 1.5.18 Technician’s notes 1.5.18 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Counterweights; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game Include the definition of ‘moment’ and the law of moments from lesson 1.5.17 Chapter 6: Energy Transfers and Sound
1.6.7 Knowing the difference between heat and temperature Heating and thermal equilibrium: temperature difference between two objects leading to energy transfer from the hotter to the cooler one Comparing the starting with the final conditions of a system and describing increases and decreases in the amounts of energy associated with temperatures Recognise what we mean by temperature; describe how temperature differences lead to energy transfer; explain the difference between heat and temperature. Worksheet 1.6.7 Practical sheet 1.6.7 Technician’s notes 1.6.7 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Order the temperatures from highest to lowest 1.6.8 Thinking about fuels Fuels and energy resources; other processes that involve energy transfer: burning fuels, metabolism of food Identify examples of fuels and their uses; describe combustion of fuels and recognise that different fuels transfer different amounts of energy; describe the advantages and disadvantages of using different fuels. Worksheet 1.6.8 Technician’s notes 1.6.8 Quick starter; Slideshow: How fuels got their energy; Interactive activity: Gas, liquid or solid; Video: Green cars May be combined with 1.6.9 1.6.9 Investigating fuels Fuels and energy resources; other processes that involve energy transfer: burning fuels Comparing the starting with the final conditions of a system and describing increases and decreases in the amounts of energy in chemical compositions Describe how to measure the energy of fuels; collect evidence to investigate the energy of different fuels; present data using appropriate graphs and evaluate the quality of evidence collected. Worksheet 1.6.9 Practical sheet 1.6.9 Technician’s notes 1.6.9 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the fuels to their correct uses; splat: Key vocabulary game 1.6.10 Applying key ideas Extract ideas about energy transfers and fuels from earlier sections of the chapter; apply ideas about how energy is transferred to explain its application in making electricity; use ideas and information about electricity generation to compare different energy transfers. Worksheet 1.6.10
1.6.11 Exploring sound Sound produced by vibrations of objects; sound waves are longitudinal Identify how sounds are made; describe how sound waves transfer energy; explain how loud and quiet sounds are made. Worksheet 1.6.11 Practical sheet 1.6.11 Technician’s notes 1.6.11 Quick starter; Video: Vegetable orchestra; Interactive activity: Order the sounds from loudest to quietest 1.6.12 Describing sound Sound produced by vibrations of objects, in loudspeakers; detected by their effect on microphone diaphragm and the ear drum Frequencies of sound waves, measured in hertz (Hz) Describe how the pitch of a sound wave can be changed; apply the terms frequency, wavelength and amplitude to different waveforms. Worksheet 1.6.12 Technician’s notes 1.6.12 Quick starter; Slideshow: Tuning up an orchestra: What does 'in tune' mean?; Interactive activity: Match the 'sound' term to the correct definition Include the nature of sound as a longitudinal wave, as introduced in lesson 1.6.11 1.6.13 Measuring the speed of sound Echoes; the speed of sound in air Describe what an echo is; describe how the speed of sound can be measured using echoes; calculate distances using ideas about echoes. Worksheet 1.6.13 Practical sheet 1.6.13 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Sound' statements; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game May be combined with 1.6.14 1.6.14 Understanding how sounds travels through materials Sound needs a medium to travel; the speed of sound in air, in water, in solids Recognise how the speed of sound changes in different substances; use the particle model to explain why there are differences when sound travels through solids, liquids and gases. Worksheet 1.6.14 Practical sheet 1.6.14 Technician’s notes 1.6.14 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Speed of sound; Slideshow: Mach numbers and air density 1.6.15 Learning about the reflection and absorption of sound Echoes, reflection and absorption of sound Recognise which materials affect the quality of sound; analyse the effects of different materials on sound waves; use ideas about energy transfer to explain how soundproofing works. Worksheet 1.6.15 Practical sheet 1.6.15 Technician’s notes 1.6.15 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Good absorbers of sound? May be reduced in scope
1.6.16 Hearing sounds Sound produced by vibrations of objects, detected by their effects on microphone diaphragm and the ear drum Waves transferring information for conversion to electrical signals by microphone Describe the structure and function of different parts of the ear; explain how the ear is able to hear and detect sounds. Worksheet 1.6.16 Practical sheet 1.6.16 Technician’s notes 1.6.16 Quick starter; Interactive activity: The passage of sound through the ear 1.6.17 Understanding factors affecting hearing Auditory range of humans and animals Describe factors which affect hearing; explain how to prevent damage to ears; understand the term hearing range. Worksheet 1.6.17 Quick starter; Slideshow: What are hearing aids and how do they work?; Interactive activity: Ear damage and solutions 1.6.18 Finding out about sounds we cannot hear Auditory range of humans and animals Pressure waves transferring energy; use for cleaning and physiotherapy by ultrasound Recognise what is meant by ultrasound and infrasound; describe some applications for ultrasound and infrasound; explain how some applications work. Worksheet 1.6.18 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Ultrasound; Video: Using ultrasound to examine a pregnant woman; Ice-cream splat: Key vocabulary game Include the meaning of hearing range as presented in 1.6.17 Scheme of Work Teaching Key Stage 3 in three years The following pages show the full plan of the scheme of work for Collins Key Stage 3 Science Teacher Pack 2 taught over 3 years. Teaching Key Stage 3 in two years? If you are using the Collins KS3 Science scheme to deliver the Programme of Study in two years there are three ways you can do it:
2.1.9 Applying key ideas Extract ideas about skeleton and muscles from the text, including earlier sections of the chapter Apply ideas about maintaining muscle and bone mass in relation to the effects of space travel Suggest how understanding the effects of space on the skeleton can be applied on Earth Worksheet 2.1.9 2.1.10 Understanding how our muscles get energy Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in living organisms, including the breakdown of organic molecules to enable all the other chemical processes necessary for life The word equation for aerobic respiration Recall the equation for respiration and describe what it shows Explain the importance of respiration Apply what we know about respiration Worksheet 2.1.10; Practical sheet 2.1.10; Technician’s notes 2.1.10 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the words that are associated with proteins or carbohydrates; Slideshow: A comparison of the two essential life processes – photosynthesis and respiration 2.1.11 Investigating respiration Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in living organisms, including the breakdown of organic molecules to enable all the other chemical processes necessary for life The word equation for aerobic respiration Recall that respiration takes place in plants and animals Describe some experimental evidence for respiration Consider the quality of evidence for respiration Cards from Worksheet 2.1.10 (as used in the previous lesson); Worksheet 2.1.11; Practical sheets Technician’s notes 2.1.11 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the respiration and photosynthesis phrases to the correct boxes
2.1.12 Analysing adaptations for respiration Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in living organisms, including the breakdown of organic molecules to enable all the other chemical processes necessary for life Describe where in the cell respiration takes place Explain how mitochondria are adapted for respiration Compare and explain numbers of mitochondria in different cells Worksheet 2.1.12 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the mitochondria-rich cells with their energy-consuming function 2.1.13 Examining links between respiration and body systems Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in living organisms, including the breakdown of organic molecules to enable all the other chemical processes necessary for life Describe some systems in animals and plants that are linked with respiration Explain how some systems and respiration are dependent Suggest the consequences of a failure in linked body systems Worksheet 2.1.13 Quick starter; Interactive activity; Match the body systems to their function; Slideshow: A look at the importance of body systems in respiration and the role of the liver; Hangman; Key vocabulary game 2.1.14 Exploring respiration in sport Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in living organisms, including the breakdown of organic molecules to enable all the other chemical processes necessary for life Describe what is meant by anaerobic respiration Explain why some sports involve more aerobic or more anaerobic respiration Explain what is meant by oxygen debt Worksheet 2.1.14 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the sport to the main type of respiration that occurs; Interactive activity: Place into the correct order to describe how the body obtains and stores glucose; Video Ensure important points about the role of respiration are covered, from lesson 2.1.13
2.1.15 Understanding anaerobic respiration The process of anaerobic respiration in humans and micro-organisms, including fermentation, and the word equation for anaerobic respiration Recall that microbes carry out anaerobic respiration Describe some evidence to show that anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide Construct a method to show what is produced in anaerobic respiration Worksheet 2.1.15; Practical sheet 2.1.15; Technician’s notes 2.1.15 Quick starter 2.1.16 Investigating fermentation The process of anaerobic respiration in humans and micro-organisms, including fermentation, and the word equation for anaerobic respiration Describe some applications of fermentation Identify dependent, independent and control variables in an investigation Analyse data and identify next steps Worksheet 2.1.16; Practical sheet 2.1.16; Technician’s notes 2.1.16 Quick starter; Slideshow: A look at how humans use yeast cells; Interactive activity: Match the products which are made by fermentation with the microbe involved; Interactive activity: Drag the phrase to the correct box – does it speed up reactions, slow them down, or both?; Video
2.1.17 Comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration The differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of the reactants, the products formed and the implications for the organism Describe some similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration Work responsibly within a team to summarise respiration Worksheet 2.1.17 Quick starter; Interactive activity; Drag the correct respiration phrases into the correct groups; Slideshow: Explores the importance of enzymes in respiration; Hangman: Key vocabulary game Chapter 2: Looking at Plants and Ecosystems Lesson title Overarching objectives Learning objectives CD-ROM resources Collins Connect resources Notes for scheme 2.2.2 Understanding the importance of plants The dependence of almost all life on Earth on the ability of photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and algae, to use sunlight in photosynthesis to build organic molecules that are an essential energy store, and to maintain levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere Identify the importance of plants to life on Earth Use evidence to explain that plants do not use soil to grow Evaluate secondary data to start to explain how plants make food Worksheet 2.2.2; Practical sheet 2.2.2; Technician’s notes 2.2.2 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Sort trees into the products they are used for; Slideshow: Looking at the discovery of photosynthesis; Video year
2.2.6 Investigating photosynthesis The reactants in, and products of, photosynthesis, and a word summary for photosynthesis Identify the factors that can affect photosynthesis Predict the results of the investigations Interpret secondary data about photosynthesis Worksheet 2.2.6a; Worksheet 2.2.6b; Practical sheet 2.2.6a; Practical sheet 2.2.6b; Technician’s notes 2.2.6 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Complete the sentences about photosynthesis 2.2.7 Exploring the movement of water and minerals in plants Plants gain mineral nutrients and water from the soil via their roots Identify how water and minerals move through a plant Explain how water and minerals move through a plant Evaluate the cell structures that allow the movement of water and minerals through a plant Worksheet 2.2.7a, Worksheet 2.2.7b; Technician’s notes 2.2.7 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Rearrange the sentences to describe the movement of water through a plant Refer to the role of minerals, from lesson 2.2.8 2.2.8 Investigating the importance of minerals to plants Plants gain mineral nutrients and water from the soil via their roots Identify the minerals essential to healthy plant growth Explain the effects of a deficiency in essential minerals Evaluate the limitations of evidence Worksheet 2.2.8a copied onto card; Worksheet 2.2.8b; Practical sheet 2.2.8; Technician’s notes 2.2.8 Quick starter; Slideshow: An introduction to plant mineral deficiencies; Interactive activity: Match the mineral deficiency to its effect on a plant; Video
2.2.9 Investigating chemosynthesis The interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem, including food webs Describe how ocean vent communities survive Describe the adaptations of tubeworms Compare and contrast chemosynthesis and photosynthesis Evaluate models of chemosynthesis and photosynthesis Worksheet 2.2.9 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Which of the statements are true for photosynthesis, and which are true for chemosynthesis?; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 2.2.10 Applying key ideas Extract ideas about plant adaptations and nutrition from the text, including earlier sections of the chapter Apply ideas about plant nutrition to explain evidence Apply ideas and information about plant nutrition to propose the outcome of a situation Worksheet 2.2.10a; Worksheet 2.2.10b 2.2.11 Understanding food webs The interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem, including food webs Describe how food webs are made up of a number of food chains Make predictions about factors affecting plant and animal populations Analyse and evaluate changes in a food web Worksheet 2.2.11a; Worksheet 2.2.11b copied on to card and cut up; Worksheet (teacher) 2.2.11c; Worksheet (teacher) 2.2.11d Quick starter; Interactive activity: Organise organisms into a food chain
2.2.12 Exploring the importance of insects The interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem, including insect-pollinated crops The importance of plant reproduction through insect pollination in human food security Describe the impact of low pollination on fruit production Explain why artificial pollination is used for some crops Evaluate the risks of monoculture on world food security Worksheet 2.2.12; Practical sheet 2.2.12; Technician’s notes 2.2.12 Quick starter; Slideshow: A description of how bees pollinate plants and how honey is made; Interactive activity: Define the conditions required for enhancing bee populations; Video 2.2.13 Looking at other examples of interdependence How organisms affect, and are affected by, their environment, including the accumulation of toxic materials Describe examples of the interdependence of organisms Explain how organisms help other organisms to survive Explain ideas about habitat destruction Worksheet 2.2.13a; Worksheet 2.2.13b copied on to card and cut up Quick starter; Slideshow: Some examples of interdependence; Interactive activity: Match the key interdependence terms to their definition; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 2.2.14 Understanding interactions in the environment How organisms affect, and are affected by, their environment, including the accumulation of toxic materials Describe some effects of human activity on the environment Explain why a range of species is endangered Analyse and evaluate secondary data and recommend solutions for species survival Worksheet 2.2.14 Quick starter; Slideshow: A look at some British species which are endangered; Interactive activity: Order the level of risk scientists assign to a species, from most to least threatened; Video
2.2.15 Learning about ecological balance How organisms affect, and are affected by, their environment, including the accumulation of toxic materials Describe ways in which organisms affect their environment Explain why prey populations affect predator populations Evaluate a model of predator–prey populations and explain the importance of predators Worksheet 2.2.15a; Worksheet 2.2.15b Quick starter; Slideshow: A look at the predator-prey relationship between a Canadian lynx and a Snowshoe hare; Interactive activity: Sort the statements into those which refer to predators and those which refer to prey organisms Include the impact of human activity from lesson 2.2.14 2.2.16 Understanding the effects of toxins in the environment How organisms affect, and are affected by, their environment, including the accumulation of toxic materials Describe how toxins pass along the food chain Explain how toxins enter and accumulate in food chains Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using pesticides Worksheet 2.2.16 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the farming chemical to its use; Slideshow: A look at bioaccumulation of mercury 2.2.17 Exploring how organisms How organisms affect, and are affected by, their environment, including the accumulation of toxic materials Describe the role of niches Explain the concept of resource partitioning Analyse and evaluate the role of variation in enabling organisms to co-exist Worksheet 2.2.17; Practical sheet 2.2.17; Technician’s notes 2.2.17 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Define four key ecological terms; Hangman: Key vocabulary game
2.3.5 Understanding liquids and gases The properties of different states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) in terms of the particle model, including gas pressure Compare different properties of liquids and gases Relate the properties and behaviour of liquids and gases to the particle model Worksheet 2.3.5; Practical sheet 2.3.5; Technician’s notes 2.3.5 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Place the fluids in order of most to least viscous at room temperature; Slideshow: Volume and compression; How much air is in a scuba tank?; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 2.3.6 Changing state Changes of state in terms of the particle model Recognise changes of state as being reversible changes Use scientific terminology to describe changes of state Explain changes of state using the particle model and ideas of energy transfer Worksheet 2.3.6; Practical sheet 2.3.6; Technician’s notes 2.3.6 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the examples of change in state to the correct group – melting, condensing or sublimation; Video 2.3.7 Understanding evaporation Changes of state in terms of the particle model Energy changes on changes of state (qualitative) Investigate factors affecting evaporation Explain the differences between boiling and evaporation using the particle model Worksheet 2.3.7; Practical sheet 2.3.7; Technician’s notes 2.3.7 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the items to the correct group – boiling point less or greater than water; Slideshow: Factors affecting evaporation: Why does nail varnish remover dry more quickly than water?
2.3.14 Exploring diffusion Diffusion in liquids and gases driven by differences in concentration Diffusion in terms of the particle model Use the particle model to explain observations involving diffusion Worksheet 2.3.14; Practical sheet 2.3.14; Technician’s notes 2.3.14 Quick starter; Slideshow: Observing diffusion with bromine gas; Interactive activity: Drag the items to the correct group – speeds up or slows down diffusion of particles; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 2.3.15 Conserving mass Conservation of mass Changes of state Conservation of material and mass, and reversibility, in melting, freezing, evaporation, sublimation, condensation, dissolving Use the particle model to explain the Law of Conservation of Mass Worksheet 2.3.15; Practical sheet 2.3.15a; Practical sheet 2.3.15b; Technician’s notes 2.3.15 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Which of the statements about chemical reactions are true, and which are false? 2.3.16 Deciding between physical and chemical changes Mixtures, including dissolving The difference between chemical and physical changes Use the particle model to explain the differences between physical and chemical changes Recognise that mass is conserved in all changes Worksheet 2.3.16; Practical sheet 2.3.16; Technician’s notes 2.3.16 Quick starter; Slideshow: Changes that are easily reversed and changes that are not easily reversed; Interactive activity: Drag the change into the correct group – physical or chemical change? May be combined with lesson 2.3.17
2.3.17 Explaining the properties of mixtures Mixtures, including dissolving The properties of different states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) in terms of the particle model, including gas pressure Use the particle model to explain the properties of mixtures Worksheet 2.3.17; Practical sheet 2.3.17; Technician’s notes 2.3.17 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the terms about mixtures and changing states to their correct definition; Video 2.3.18 Using particle models The differences in arrangements, in motion and in closeness of particles explaining changes of state, shape and density, the anomaly of ice–water transition Use ‘good enough’ particles models to explain different observations Worksheet 2.3.18; Practical sheet 2.3.18a; Practical sheet 2.3.18b; Technician’s notes 2.3.18 Quick starter; Slideshow: A look at how sugar dissolves in water; Interactive activity: Place the events in order of how sugar dissolves in tea; Hangman: Key vocabulary game Chapter 4: Explaining Chemical Changes Lesson Lesson title Overarching objectives Learning objectives CD-ROM resources Collins Connect resources Notes for scheme
2.4.6 Exploring neutralisation Defining acids and alkalis in terms of neutralisation reactions The pH scale for measuring acidity/alkalinity; and indicators Describe examples of neutralisation Use indicators to identify chemical reactions Explain colour changes in terms of pH and neutralisation Worksheet 2.4.6; Practical sheet 2.4.6; Technician’s notes 2.4.6 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the everyday neutralisation reactions together; Video 2.4.7 Explaining neutralisation Defining acids and alkalis in terms of neutralisation reactions Chemical reactions as the rearrangement of atoms Representing chemical reactions using formulas and using equations Reactions of acids with alkalis to produce a salt plus water Recall the equation for a neutralisation reaction Explain how water is made during a neutralisation reaction Apply a model to explain neutralisation Worksheet 2.4.7 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the chemicals to the correct group – product or reactant; Slideshow: A model for neutralisation 2.4.8 Understanding salts Chemical reactions as the rearrangement of atoms Representing chemical reactions using formulas and using equations Reactions of acids with alkalis to produce a salt plus water Name examples of salts Describe the uses of common salts Predict the reactants used in and the salts made by different neutralisation reactions Worksheet 2.4.8 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the salts to their uses 2.4.9 Exploring the reactions of acids with metals Reactions of acids with metals to produce a salt plus hydrogen Describe the reaction between acids and metals Explain the reaction between acids and metals Compare the reactivity of different metals Worksheet 2.4.9; Practical sheet 2.4.9; Technician’s notes 2.4.9 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the metal to the correct group, depending on how it reacts with acid
2.4.10 Exploring the reactions of acids with carbonates Chemical reactions as the rearrangement of atoms Representing chemical reactions using formulas and using equations Describe the reaction between acids and carbonates Explain the reaction between acids and carbonates Write word equations for the reactions between acids and carbonates Worksheet 2.4.10; Practical sheet 2.4.10; Technician’s notes 2.4.10 Quick starter; Slideshow: Summarising the reactions of acids with carbonates; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 2.4.11 Applying key ideas Identify some factors that affect the pH of urine Explain how the pH of urine can be used by medical practitioners Apply knowledge about acids and alkalis to reactions in the body Worksheet 2.4.11; Technician’s notes 2.4.11 2.4.12 Investigating the effectiveness of antacids Reactions of acids with alkalis to produce a salt plus water Design an investigation to compare the effectiveness of indigestion remedies Analyse data to identify a suitable indigestion remedy Worksheet 2.4.12; Practical sheet 2.4.12; Technician’s notes 2.4.12 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Place the steps of the antacid experiment into the correct order 2.4.13 Understanding the importance of acids and alkalis Defining acids and alkalis in terms of neutralisation reactions Reactions of acids with alkalis to produce a salt plus water Classify common useful chemicals as acids or alkalis Explain the importance of acids and alkalis in everyday life Explore common misconceptions about acids and alkalis Worksheet 2.4.13 Quick starter; Slideshow: Acids and alkalis in industry: The industry; Interactive activity: Are the statements about acids and alkalis fact or fiction?; Video; Video
2.4.17 Understanding acid rain Combustion The composition of the atmosphere Describe how combustion can cause acid rain Describe the effects of acid rain Explain the effects of acid rain Worksheet 2.4.17 Quick starter; Slideshow: How does burning affect rain?; Interactive activity: Re-order the process of acid rain formation from sulfur dioxide; Hangman: Key vocabulary game Chapter 5: Exploring Contact and Non-Contact Forces Lesson title Overarching objectives Learning objectives CD-ROM resources Collins Connect resources Notes for scheme 2.5.2 Exploring magnets Non-contact forces: forces between magnets Magnetic poles, attraction and repulsion Explain magnetic attraction and repulsion Apply the concept of poles and laws of attraction and repulsion Predict the effects of arrangements of magnetic poles Worksheet 2.5.2; Practical sheet 2.5.2; Technician’s notes 2.5.2 Quick starter; Slideshow: Magnetic levitation: A look at the use of magnetic repulsion and attraction in the operation of Maglev trains; Interactive activity: Drag the statements about magnets into the correct true or false groups May be combined with lesson 2.5.3
2.5.3 Understanding magnetic fields Magnetic poles, attraction and repulsion Magnetic fields by plotting with compass, representation by field lines Earth’s magnetism Describe magnetic fields Explore the field around a magnet Explain the shape, size and direction of magnetic fields Worksheet 2.5.3; Practical sheet 2.5.3; Technician’s notes 2.5.3 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Complete the sentences about magnetic fields 2.5.4 Investigating static charge Non-contact forces: forces due to static electricity Separation of positive or negative charges when objects are rubbed together: transfer of electrons, forces between charged objects Recognise the effects of static charge Explain how static charge can be generated Use evidence to develop ideas about static charge Worksheet 2.5.4; Practical sheet 2.5.4; Technician’s notes 2.5.4 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the materials to classify them as conductors or insulators May be combined with lesson 2.5.5 2.5.5 Explaining static charge Non-contact forces: forces due to static electricity Separation of positive or negative charges when objects are rubbed together: transfer of electrons, forces between charged objects Explain static charge in terms of electron transfer Apply this explanation to various examples Worksheet 2.5.5; Practical sheet notes 2.5.5 Quick starter; Slideshow: Atoms and ions: How electron transfer between atoms forms ions, which assemble into alternating lattices due to electrostatic attractions; Interactive activity: Arrange the sentences on static charge into the correct order; Hangman: Key vocabulary game
2.5.8 Exploring gravity on Earth Non-contact forces: gravity forces acting at a distance on Earth and in space Explain the effects of gravity Compare gravity to other non-contact forces Use the concept of a gravitational field Worksheet 2.5.8; Practical sheet 2.5.8 Quick starter; Slideshow: Weightlessness: Creating for astronaut training using a parabolic flight path; Interactive activity; Link the statement about gravitational fields with its correct description Refer to applications from lesson 2.5.9 2.5.9 Applying our understanding of gravity to space travel Non-contact forces: gravity forces acting at a distance on Earth and in space Apply ideas about gravity on Earth to other places Explore how gravitational fields vary Consider the effects of these changes Worksheet 2.5.9 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Are the statements about space travel true or false?; Interactive activity: Complete the sentences about exploring the Earth’s atmosphere; Hangman: Key vocabulary game; Video
2.5.10 Applying key ideas To extract ideas about magnetism, electrostatic charge and gravity from the text, including earlier sections of the topic. To apply ideas about magnetism, electrostatics and gravity. To evaluate ideas in relation to magnetism, electrostatics and gravity. Worksheet 2.5.10; Technician’s notes 2.5.10 2.5.11 Exploring pressure on a solid surface Pressure measured by ratio of force over area – acting normal to any surface Explain how pressure can be applied on a solid surface Describe some effects of varying pressure Worksheet 2.5.11a (copied onto card); Worksheet 2.5.11b Quick starter; Slideshow: Pressure, ice and snow: Effects of increasing and decreasing pressure on ice and snow. Applications to winter activities; Interactive activity: Drag the descriptions which represent high or low pressure; Video 2.5.12 Calculating pressure Pressure measured by ratio of force over area – acting normal to any surface Identify the factors that determine the size of pressure on a solid Calculate the size of pressure exerted Worksheet 2.5.12; Practical sheet 2.5.12; Technician’s notes 2.5.12 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Order the pressures, from highest to lowest
2.5.13 Exploring pressure in a liquid Pressure in liquids, increasing with depth; upthrust effects, floating and sinking Describe how pressure in a liquid alters with depth Explain pressure increases in relation to particles and gravity Worksheet 2.5.13; Technician’s notes 2.5.13 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Complete the sentences about pressure in liquids 2.5.14 Explaining floating and sinking Pressure in liquids, increasing with depth; upthrust effects, floating and sinking Explain why some objects float and others sink Relate floating and sinking to density, displacement and upthrust Explain the implications of these ideas Worksheet 2.5.14; Practical sheet 2.5.14; Technician’s notes 2.5.14 Quick starter; Slideshow: Balloons: Hot-air, hydrogen and helium balloons – to emphasise that buoyancy isn’t limited to water; Interactive activity: Define the key terms about floating and sinking; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 2.5.15 Exploring gas pressure Atmospheric pressure; decreases with increase of height as weight of air above decreases with height Explore how the pressure in a gas varies with height Explain the implications of this changing pressure Worksheet 2.5.15; Technician’s notes 2.5.15 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the descriptions which represent high or low atmospheric pressure May be combined with lesson 2.5.16
2.6.2 Looking at the history of magnets Earth’s magnetism, compass and navigation Summarise historical ideas about magnetism Describe how historical ideas about magnetism have changed over time Practical sheet 2.6.2; Technician’s notes 2.6.2 Quick starter; Slideshow: Developing the compass: From a lodestone on a string to modern binnacle compasses; Interactive activity: Order the discoveries in magnetism, from the oldest to the most recent; Video 2.6.3 Exploring magnetic materials Magnetic poles, attraction and repulsion Investigate magnetism in materials Explain magnetism using the domain theory Worksheet 2.6.3; Practical sheet 2.6.3; Technician’s notes 2.6.3 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Classify the statements into those which can magnetise or demagnetise a magnetic material 2.6.4 Testing the strength of magnets Magnetic poles, attraction and repulsion Compare different methods of testing magnets Collect data to investigate the strength of magnetism Practical sheet 2.6.3 (from previous lesson); Practical sheet 2.6.4; Technician’s notes 2.6.4 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Order the sentences into a logical sequence, to show how to compare the strength of magnets
2.6.5 Describing the Earth’s magnetic field Earth’s magnetism, compass and navigation Explain evidence for the Earth’s magnetic field Explain the impact the Earth’s magnetic field has on our planet Worksheet 2.6.5 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Complete the sentences about the Earth’s magnetic field; Slideshow: Solar wind: The effects on the atmosphere (aurora) and electrical storms 2.6.6 Investigating electromagnetism The magnetic effect of a current, electromagnets Describe what an electromagnet is Investigate the factors affecting the strength of electromagnets Worksheet 2.6.6; Practical sheet 2.6.6; Technician’s notes 2.6.6 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Classify the statements into those which will increase, or decrease, the strength of an electromagnet; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 2.6.7 Using electromagnets Electromagnets Describe different applications of electromagnets Worksheet 2.6.7; Technician’s notes 2.6.7 Quick starter; Slideshow: Electromagnets at work: Magnetic sorting, fire-doors, MRI, Maglev and security tags; Interactive activity: Order the statements to describe the operation of an electric bell; Video
2.6.8 Exploring D.C. motors Other processes that involve energy transfer: completing an electrical circuit The magnetic effect of a current, D.C. motors (principles only) Describe the magnetic effect of a current and how this is applied to D.C. motors Worksheet 2.6.8; Practical sheet 2.6.8; Technician’s notes 2.6.8 Quick starter; Slideshow: Motors large and small: Robots, trains and toothbrushes; Interactive activity: Classify the statements into those which will increase, or decrease the forces produced by an electric motor; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 2.6.9 Applying key ideas Extract ideas about magnets from the Student Book text, including earlier sections of the chapter. Apply ideas about the properties of magnets to explain some of their applications. Worksheet 2.6.9 2.6.10 Investigating batteries Other processes that involve energy transfer: completing an electrical circuit Describe the link between chemical energy and electricity. Investigate how fruit batteries work Worksheet 2.6.10; Technician’s notes 2.6.10 Quick starter; Slideshow: Inside batteries: The similarities and differences between types of cell; Interactive activity: Complete the sentences about batteries; Video
2.6.11 Describing electric circuits Other processes that involve energy transfer: completing an electrical circuit Electric current, measured in amperes, in circuits Describe and draw circuit diagrams Explain what is meant by current Explain how materials allow current to flow Worksheet 2.6.11 (the second page printed onto card); Practical sheet 2.6.11; Technician’s notes 2.6.11 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the statements about electric current 2.6.12 Understanding energy in circuits Other processes that involve energy transfer: completing an electrical circuit Electric current, measured in amperes, in circuits Potential difference, measured in volts, battery and bulb ratings Describe what the voltage does in a circuit Explain voltage using different analogies Worksheet 2.6.12; Technician’s notes 2.6.12 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Select the statements which describe current or voltage in an electric circuit; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 2.6.13 Explaining resistance Potential difference, measured in volts, battery and bulb ratings Resistance, measured in ohms, as the ratio of potential difference (p.d.) to current Explain what resistance is and how it affects the circuit Investigate and identify the relationship between voltage and current Worksheet 2.6.13; Practical sheet 2.6.13; Technician’s notes 2.6.13 Quick starter; Slideshow: Measuring electricity: A look at multimeters and measuring V, I and R; Interactive activity: Complete the sentences about resistance in an electric circuit Refer to factors affecting resistance, from lesson 2.6.14
2.6.14 Investigating factors affecting resistance Resistance, measured in ohms, as the ratio of potential difference (p.d.) to current Differences in resistance between conducting and insulating components (quantitative) Describe some uses of resistance Investigate and explain factors affecting resistance Worksheet 2.6.14; Practical sheet 2.6.14; Technician’s notes 2.6.14 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Choose the factors which increase the resistance of a wire, and those which decrease resistance; Slideshow: Using low and high resistances: A look at some factors that affects the resistance of materials 2.6.15 Explaining circuits using models Potential difference, measured in volts, battery and bulb ratings Resistance, measured in ohms, as the ratio of potential difference (p.d.) to current Describe how the voltage, current and resistance are related in different circuits Use a model to explain the relationship between voltage, current and resistance Worksheet 2.6.15; Practical sheet 2.6.15; Technician’s notes 2.6.15 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the scientific ideas about electric circuits to the rope model analogy 2.6.16 Describing series and parallel circuits Series and parallel circuits, currents add where branches meet and current as flow of charge Understand how voltage and current vary in a series circuit Understand how voltage and current vary in a parallel circuit Worksheet 2.6.16; Technician’s notes 2.6.16 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Choose the statements which best describe series circuits, and those which best describe parallel circuit; Slideshow: Splitters and multi-sockets: The dangers of overloading; Video
Chapter 1: Variation for Survival Lesson Lesson title Overarching objectives Learning objectives CD-ROM resources Collins Connect resources Notes for scheme 3.1.2 Exploring differences Differences between species The importance of maintaining biodiversity Identify differences between different species Explain the importance of diversity Worksheet 3.1.2a; Worksheet 3.1.2b Quick starter; Slideshow: The five kingdoms – protoctists, prokaryotes, fungi, plants and animals; Interactive activity: Drag the animals to the correct phyla; Slideshow: Life in different environments – a look at how living things adapt to extreme environments; Slideshow: Hybrids: Definition and examples; Video 3.1.3 Looking more closely at variation The variation between individuals within a species being continuous or discontinuous, to include measurement and graphical representation of variation Explain the difference between continuous and discontinuous variation Investigate variation within a species Evaluate the importance of variation in organisms Worksheet 3.1.3 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the statement to the correct correlation Refer to differences between species and the importance of maintaining biodiversity, from 3.1.2
3.1.4 Exploring the causes of variation Heredity as the process by which genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next Identify some features of organisms that are inherited and some that are determined by their environment Understand that offspring from the same parents may show considerable variation Evaluate the importance of genetic and environmental variation to the survival of the organism Worksheet 3.1.4; Practical sheet 3.1.4; Technician's notes 3.1.4 Quick starter; Slideshow: The causes of variation: A look at genetic and environmental factors; Interactive activity: Drag the characteristics to the correct group - caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, or both; Video 3.1.5 Learning about selective breeding Heredity as the process by which genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next Describe how selective breeding can produce organisms with desirable characteristics Explain the process of selective breeding Evaluate the importance of selective breeding, and explore the ethical issues involved Worksheet 3.1.5 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe the process of selective breeding of cattle
3.1.6 Finding out how organisms survive The variation between species and between individuals of the same species means some organisms compete more successfully, which can drive natural selection Describe how variation causes competition for resources, and drives natural selection Explain the theories of Lamarck, Wallace and Darwin Evaluate the importance of Darwin’s work Worksheet 3.1.6; Practical sheet 3.1.6 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe the process of evolution by natural selection; Slideshow: How life on Earth evolved: A look at Charles Darwin's theory of evolution; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 3.1.7 Applying key ideas Extract ideas about variation within a species from the text, including earlier topics Apply ideas about variation to explain evidence Apply ideas and information about selective breeding to propose the outcome of a process Worksheet 3.1.7
3.1.8 Understanding why siblings are different Heredity as the process by which genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next Identify inherited features in plants and animals that vary between offspring Explain how inherited differences arise by genetic material from both parents combining Describe how identical twins occur and analyse data about their features Worksheet 3.1.8; Practical sheet 3.1.8 Quick starter; Video; Interactive activity: Drag the statements about twins to the correct group 3.1.9 Looking inside a cell’s nucleus A simple model of chromosomes, genes and DNA in heredity, including the part played by Watson, Crick, Wilkins and Franklin in the development of the DNA model Identify that the nucleus contains chromosomes which carry inherited genetic information Explain that chromosomes are made of genes containing DNA, and describe the structure of DNA Assess the work of Watson, Crick, Wilkins and Franklin on DNA structure Worksheet 3.1.9a; Worksheet 3.1.9b; Practical sheet 3.1.9 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Complete the sentences about DNA Include an introduction to the passing on of genetic information, from 3.1.8
3.1.12 Understanding cloning A simple model of chromosomes, genes and DNA in heredity, including the part played by Watson, Crick, Wilkins and Franklin in the development of the DNA model Define cloning and describe some natural cloning processes Explain how organisms may be artificially cloned Explore ethical issues around artificial cloning Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction Worksheet 3.1.12; Practical sheet 3.1.12; Technician's notes 3.1.12 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe how to clone a spider plant; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe how Dolly the sheep was cloned; Video 3.1.13 Explaining extinction Changes in the environment may leave individuals within a species, and some entire species, less well adapted to compete successfully and reproduce, which in turn may lead to extinction The importance of maintaining biodiversity and the use of gene banks to preserve hereditary material Identify changes which can cause a species to become extinct Explain the use of gene banks to preserve hereditary material before a species becomes extinct Analyse and evaluate theories of what caused the extinction of the dinosaurs Worksheet 3.1.13 Quick starter; Hangman: Key vocabulary game
3.2.4 Considering the dangers of cannabis The effects of ‘recreational’ drugs (including substance misuse) on behaviour, health and life processes The impact of exercise, asthma and smoking on the human gas exchange system Describe the medicinal uses for cannabis Describe the negative effects of cannabis on the body Give a balanced argument about whether cannabis should be legalised Worksheet 3.2.4 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the statements into the correct group - for or against the legalisation of cannabis 3.2.5 Understanding the effects of alcohol The effects of ‘recreational’ drugs (including substance misuse) on behaviour, health and life processes Describe the short-term effects of alcohol on the body Explain the long-term effects of alcohol Suggest how alcoholism affects society Worksheet 3.2.5 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe what happens to the body if a person continues to drink alcohol; Slideshow: Understanding the effects of alcohol: Information about alcohol and the dangers of use; Video 3.2.6 Exploring the effects of other drugs The effects of ‘recreational’ drugs (including substance misuse) on behaviour, health and life processes Describe the effects of different drugs on the body Compare the dangers of different drugs Worksheet 3.2.6 Quickstarter; Interactive activity: Drag the drugs into the correct group - legal or illegal
3.2.7 Learning about addiction The effects of ‘recreational’ drugs (including substance misuse) on behaviour, health and life processes Define addiction Describe how drugs affect the brain Explain the effects of withdrawal on the body Worksheet 3.2.7 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the withdrawal symptoms into the correct group - emotional or physical; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 3.2.8 Applying key ideas Extract information about the effects of alcohol and other drugs on drivers Consider reasons why it is difficult to gather evidence about the effects of drugs Use ideas and information about driving under the influence to form opinions and make reasoned arguments about solutions and punishments Worksheet 3.2.8
3.2.9 Understanding how diseases are spread This part of this chapter is intended to embed and develop ideas from earlier in the Key Stage 3 course, including cell structure and function, and body systems. Describe how diseases are spread Consider ways of reducing the spread of specific diseases Worksheet 3.2.9 Quick starter; Slideshow: Preventing the spread of disease – a look at how infectious diseases are spread and how this can be prevented; Interactive activity: Match the way a disease is spread to the mechanism by which it can be prevented; Video 3.2.10 Exploring the body’s defences This part of this chapter is intended to embed and develop ideas from earlier in the Key Stage 3 course, including cell structure and function, and body systems. Describe how the body resists infection Explain the role of white blood cells in fighting infection Worksheet 3.2.10 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the body barrier to the way it prevents microbe entry
3.2.11 Comparing microbes This part of this chapter is intended to embed and develop ideas from earlier in the Key Stage 3 course, including cell structure and function, and body systems. Describe the characteristics of different types of microbe Recall examples of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi Evaluate a model of a microbe Worksheet 3.2.11; Practical sheet 3.2.11; Technician's notes 3.2.11 Quick starter; Slideshow: Types of microbe – a look at the features of fungi, viruses and bacteria; Video; Interactive activity: Drag the statements into the correct group - bacteria, virus or fungi 3.2.12 Investigating the growth of bacteria This part of this chapter is intended to embed and develop ideas from earlier in the Key Stage 3 course, including cell structure and function, and body systems. Describe what bacteria need to survive Investigate bacterial growth in different conditions Analyse bacterial growth data Worksheet 3.2.12; Practical sheet 3.2.12; Technician's notes 3.2.12 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Order the surfaces based on the amount of bacteria present, from lowest to highest 3.2.13 Understanding how antibiotics work These topics are aimed at embedding and developing ideas from topics earlier in the scheme, including cell structure and function, and body systems, in the context of health Investigate the effect of antibiotics on bacteria Explain how bacteria can become immune to antibiotics Evaluate the impact of superbugs on our health Worksheet 3.2.13; Practical sheet 3.2.13; Technician's notes 3.2.13 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the chemical to its purpose; Slideshow: Antibiotics: A look at how antibiotics work and how you can test the effectiveness of an antibiotic
3.2.14 Learning about vaccination These topics are aimed at embedding and developing ideas from topics earlier in the scheme, including cell structure and function, and body systems, in the context of health Describe how vaccines were discovered Explain how vaccines prevent a viral infection Evaluate the risks involved with vaccination Worksheet 3.2.14 Quick starter; Slideshow: Jenner, Fleming and Lister – a look at the famous scientists involved in the treatment or prevention of infectious disease; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe how a vaccination works; Hangman: Key vocabulary game
Chapter 3: Obtaining Useful Materials Lesson Lesson title Overarching objectives Learning objectives CD-ROM resources Collins Connect resources Notes for scheme 3.3.2 Obtaining metals from ores Earth as a source of limited resources Recognise how abundant common ores are in the Earth Explain how ores are extracted from the Earth Worksheet 3.3.2 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the examples of substances to the correct group - native metals, metals or ores; Video; Interactive activity: Place, in order, the metals from most to least reactive 3.3.3 Understanding reactivity The order of metals and carbon in the reactivity series Representing chemical reactions using formulas and using equations Thermal decomposition Use evidence to identify the reactivity series of metals Represent reactions using formulas and equations Worksheet 3.3.3; Practical sheet 3.3.3; Technician's notes 3.3.3 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Place, in order, the metals from most to least reactive; Slideshow: Reactivity of metals: Some examples
3.3.7 Looking at the impact of metal extraction The use of carbon in obtaining metals from metal oxides The production of carbon dioxide by human activity and the impact on climate Earth as a source of limited resources and the efficacy of recycling Describe the environmental impacts of metal extraction Describe how recycling of metals reduces damage to the environment Worksheet 3.3.7 Quick starter; Video; Interactive activity: Match the pollution to its effect; Slideshow: Recycling metals – a look at how we recycle metals, including e-waste; Hangman: Key vocabulary game 3.3.8 Applying key ideas Extract ideas relating to how metals are used to protect each other Apply ideas about the reactivity series, writing word equations for displacement reactions Use ideas and information about particles to write balanced symbol equations and write detailed explanations of metal extraction processes
3.8.9 Understanding exothermic reactions Internal energy stored in materials Exothermic chemical reactions (qualitative) Comparing the starting with the final conditions of a system and describing increases and decreases in the amounts of energy associated with chemical compositions Describe examples of exothermic reactions Explain the energy changes taking place during an exothermic reaction Worksheet 3.3.9; Practical sheet 3.3.9; Technician's notes 3.3.9 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe what happens when substances react 3.3.10 Comparing endothermic and exothermic reactions Exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions (qualitative) Comparing the starting with the final conditions of a system and describing increases and decreases in the amounts of energy associated with chemical compositions Describe examples of endothermic reactions Compare the energy changes during exothermic and endothermic reactions Worksheet 3.3.10; Practical sheet 3.3.10; Technician's notes 3.3.10 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the statements to the correct group - exothermic or endothermic change Begin by introducing exothermic reactions, from 3.3.9
3.3.11 Explaining the use of catalysts What catalysts do Describe what a catalyst is Explain how catalysts work Worksheet 3.3.11; Practical sheet 3.3.11; Technician's notes 3.3.11 Quick starter; Slideshow: Catalysis of hydrogen peroxide decomposition – a method to compare catalytic effectiveness; Interactive activity: Match the catalyst to its use 3.3.12 Exploring ceramics and their properties Properties of ceramics (qualitative) Describe what is meant by the term ceramic Describe the properties of ceramics Worksheet 3.3.12; Practical sheet 3.3.12 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the statements to the correct group - ceramic, plastic or metal; Video 3.3.13 Matching properties of ceramics to their uses Properties of ceramics (qualitative) Explain how the properties of ceramics determine their uses Worksheet 3.3.13 Quick starter; Slideshow: Ceramic materials – what are they, and where are they used?; Interactive activity: Place the materials, in order, from highest to lowest melting point Include a discussion of properties, from 3.3.12
3.3.14 Exploring natural polymers Properties of polymers (qualitative) Explain what a polymer is Describe examples of natural polymers Worksheet 3.3.14; Technician's notes 3.3.14 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the monomer to the polymer; Slideshow: Some natural polymers – examples 3.3.15 Using human-made polymers Properties of polymers (qualitative) Describe how polymers are made in simple terms Describe uses for human-made polymers Worksheet 3.3.15 Quick starter; Video; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe how to make polypropene film; Interactive activity: Match the polymer to its use 3.3.16 Explaining composites Properties of composites (qualitative) Explain what is meant by the term ‘composite’ Describe some uses of natural composites Worksheet 3.3.16; Practical sheet 3.3.16; Technician's notes 3.3.16 Quick starter; Slideshow: Composites – examples of use; Interactive activity: Drag the statements to the correct group - human-made composites, natural composites, binder or reinforcer May be merged with 3.3.17
3.3.17 Using human-made composites Properties of composites (qualitative) Explain how composites were developed Describe the properties and uses of composites Worksheet 3.3.17; Practical sheet 3.3.17; Technician's notes 3.3.17 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Place the materials, in order, from least to most dense; Interactive activity: Matching metals and composites to their tensile strength:mass ratio; Hangman: Key vocabulary game May be merged with 3.3.16
Chapter 4: Using our Earth Sustainably Lesson Lesson title Overarching objectives Learning objectives CD-ROM resources Collins Connect resources Notes for scheme 3.4.2 Understanding our atmosphere The composition of the atmosphere Describe the composition of our atmosphere Describe how the atmosphere has changed over time Explain why the atmosphere has changed Worksheet 3.4.2; Practical sheet 3.4.2; Technician's notes 3.4.2 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the statements to the correct group - element in clean air, compound in clean air, or pollutant in air; Interactive activity: Match the components of air to the percentages present 3.4.3 Exploring the effects of human activity The production of carbon dioxide by human activity and the impact on climate Describe examples of human activity that cause air pollution Explain the effects of smog, acid rain and damage to the ozone layer Worksheet 3.4.3a; Worksheet 3.4.3b; Practical sheet 3.4.3; Technician's notes 3.4.3 Quick starter; Slideshow: Effects of air pollution – carbon dioxide, UV, ozone and acid rain; Video May be merged with 3.4.4
3.4.4 Understanding the global warming debate The production of carbon dioxide by human activity and the impact on climate Describe the effects of global warming Explain the consequences of global warming for living things Evaluate the arguments for human activity impacting on global warming Worksheet 3.4.4 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe how we receive energy from the Sun; Interactive activity: Match the sea surface temperature to the year May be merged with 3.4.3 3.4.5 Understanding how carbon is recycled The carbon cycle Describe the carbon cycle Explain how human activity increases the amount of carbon in the atmosphere Explain what is meant by a ‘carbon footprint’ Worksheet 3.4.5; Practical sheet 3.4.5 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the statements to the correct group - decomposers or green plants; Slideshow – carbon cycle: releasing carbon dioxide; Interactive activity: Match the changes in the carbon cycle to the correct term
3.4.6 Exploring damage to the Earth’s resources Earth as a source of limited resources and the efficacy of recycling Describe resources that the Earth provides Explain how human activity limits these resources Justify decisions about making changes to the environment Worksheet 3.4.6 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the statements to the most appropriate group - scars the landscape, pollutes the air, or damages or destroys natural habitats; Video 3.4.7 Considering the importance of recycling Earth as a source of limited resources and the efficacy of recycling Describe examples of recycling Explain the benefits and limitations of recycling schemes Compare the efficiency of recycling methods Worksheet 3.4.7; Practical sheet 3.4.7; Technician's notes 3.4.7 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Place the materials in order, from the fastest to decompose to the slowest; Slideshow: Recycling issues – a look at some issues of recycling, including its problems; Hangman: Key vocabulary game
3.4.8 Applying key ideas Extract ideas about damage to the Earth’s resources caused by landfill sites and the importance of recycling Apply ideas about recycling in nature and by humans to a new situation Use ideas and information about global warming Worksheet 3.4.8 3.4.9 Understanding the structure of the Earth The composition of the Earth The structure of the Earth Describe the layers of the Earth Describe the characteristics of the different layers Explain how volcanoes change the Earth Worksheet 3.4.9a; Worksheet 3.4.9b Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the statements to the correct group - inner core, outer core, mantle or crust; Video; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe how volcanoes form and erupt
3.4.13 Understanding the rock cycle The rock cycle and the formation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks Describe the rock cycle Explain how rocks can change from one type to another Worksheet 3.4.13a; Worksheet 3.4.13b; Practical sheet 3.4.13; Technician's notes 3.4.13 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Place the processes of the rock cycle and the types of rock in the correct sequence, starting with 'Weathering and erosion'; Slideshow: Layers and folds – a look at how rocks are weathered; Hangman: Key vocabulary game
3.5.5 Analysing equilibrium Opposing forces and equilibrium: weight held by stretched spring or supported on a compressed surface Using force arrows in diagrams, adding forces in one dimension, balanced and unbalanced forces Analyse situations to identify the various forces that are acting Explore static situations in which objects are held in equilibrium and the nature of the forces involved Worksheet 3.5.5; Practical sheet 3.5.5; Technician's notes 3.5.5 Quick starter; Video; Interactive activity: Drag the statements into the correct group - those which describe forces in equilibrium, and those which do not 3.5.6 Exploring motion and equilibrium Opposing forces and equilibrium: weight held by stretched spring or supported on a compressed surface Using force arrows in diagrams, adding forces in one dimension, balanced and unbalanced forces Forces being needed to cause objects to stop or start moving, or to change their speed or direction of motion (qualitative only) Explore dynamic situations which may involve equilibrium Apply ideas about equilibrium to a situation in which an object is moving Worksheet 3.5.6; Practical sheet 3.5.6; Technician's notes 3.5.6 Quick starter; Slideshow: Forces in sky-diving – from free-fall to an open parachute; Interactive activity: Match the sentences about motion and equilibrium; Hangman: Key vocabulary game
3.5.7 Applying key ideas Analyse distance–time data Interpret data and apply ideas about motion to the context of ferry and train travel Use ideas about forces, including equilibrium, to compare and explain various aspects of motion 3.5.8 Understanding gravitational fields Gravity force, weight = mass × gravitational field strength (g), on Earth g = 10 N/kg, different on other planets and stars Describe gravity as a non-contact force Explore the concept of gravitational field and weight Relate this concept to life on Earth Worksheet 3.5.8 Quick starter; Video; Interactive activity: Order the weights, from largest to smallest; Slideshow: Mass and weight – an explanation of the two 3.5.9 Applying ideas about gravitational fields Gravity force, weight = mass × gravitational field strength (g), on Earth g = 10 N/kg, different on other planets and stars Apply the concept of gravity causing weight to other situations Explore implications of varying gravitational field strength Worksheet 3.5.9 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the statements into the correct group - those which describe a strong gravitational field, and those which describe a weaker field
3.5.10 Looking at motion in the Solar System Gravity forces between Earth and Moon, and between Earth and Sun (qualitative only) Relate ideas about gravitational fields to the Sun–Earth–Moon system Use these ideas to explain position and motion of these bodies Worksheet 3.5.10 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Order the planets of the Solar System, from the furthest from the Sun to the nearest; Slideshow: Orbital motion – a look at how we put satellites into space 3.5.11 Describing stars and galaxies Our Sun as a star, other stars in our galaxy, other galaxies Describe the characteristics of a star Relate our Sun to other stars Explain the concept of galaxies and the position of our galaxy compared to others Worksheet 3.5.11 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the statements about stars, galaxies and the Universe 3.5.12 Explaining the effects of the Earth's motion The seasons and the Earth’s tilt, day length at different times of year, in different hemispheres Describe variation in length of day, apparent position of the Sun and seasonal variations Compare these with changes in the opposite hemisphere Explain these changes with reference to the motion of the Earth Worksheet 3.5.12; Practical sheet 3.5.12; Technician's notes 3.5.12 Quick starter; Video; Slideshow: The effects of rotation and tilt – the Sun shines by day, and the moon shines by night … don't they?; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to explain the effect of the Earth's tilted axis
Chapter 6: Waves and Energy Transfer Lesson Lesson title Overarching objectives Learning objectives CD-ROM resources Collins Connect resources Notes for scheme 3.6.2 Making waves Waves on water as undulations which travel through water with transverse motion; these waves can be reflected, and add or cancel – superposition Describe the movement of waves in water Understand reflection of waves Understand superposition of waves Worksheet 3.6.2; Practical sheet 3.6.2; Technician's notes 3.6.2 Quick starter; Slideshow: Making waves – a look at the up and down movement of waves; Video; Interactive activity: Define the key terms about waves and wave motion 3.6.3 Exploring light waves The similarities and differences between light and waves in matter Light waves travelling through a vacuum; speed of light Describe light as travelling in waves Understand the similarities and differences between water waves and light waves Explain the frequency of a wave Worksheet 3.6.3 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the statements about light and sound into the correct group - true or false 3.6.4 Explaining properties of light waves The transmission of light through materials: absorption, diffuse scattering and specular reflection at a surface Describe how light passes through different materials Understand how light can be absorbed by materials Explain the difference between diffuse scattering and specular reflection Worksheet 3.6.4; Practical sheet 3.6.4; Technician's notes 3.6.4 Quick starter; Slideshow: Windows, shadows and mirrors; Interactive activity: Order the materials, from the most transparent to the most opaque
3.6.5 Using the ray model Use of ray model to explain imaging in mirrors, the pinhole camera, the refraction of light and convex lens in focusing (qualitative); the human eye Describe the ray model of light Explain how the direction of light rays can be changed Explain how a pinhole camera and the eye work Worksheet 3.6.5; Practical sheet 3.6.5 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Reorder the sentences to describe how light enters the eye 3.6.6 Understanding energy transfer by light Light transferring energy from source to absorber, leading to chemical and electrical effects; photo-sensitive material in the retina and in cameras Describe light as a way of transferring energy Give examples of chemical and electrical effects when materials absorb light Explain changes that happen when materials absorb light Worksheet 3.6.6; Practical sheet 3.6.6; Technician's notes 3.6.6 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the objects into the correct group - source of light, or reflector of light; Slideshow: Making use of light energy; Video 3.6.7 Exploring coloured light Colour and the different frequencies of light, white light and prisms (qualitative only); differential colour effects in absorption and diffuse reflection Describe how a spectrum can be produced from white light Compare the properties of light of different frequencies Explain how light of different wavelengths can be split and recombined Worksheet 3.6.7; Practical sheet 3.6.7; Technician's notes 3.6.7 Quick starter; Slideshow: Separating and combining colours; Interactive activity: Order the colours of the spectrum, from the shortest wavelength to the longest; Slideshow: Explaining refraction; Hangman: Key vocabulary game
3.6.8 Applying key ideas Extract ideas from the text about light and its properties Use information about reflection and refraction to explain the formation of rainbows Apply the ideas to explain the way CDs and DVDs can produce coloured light 3.6.9 Understanding energy transfer and change Energy as a quantity that can be quantified and calculated; the total energy has the same value before and after a change Comparing the starting with the final conditions of a system and describing increases and decreases in the amounts of energy associated with movements, temperatures, changes in positions in a field, in elastic distortions and in chemical compositions Using physical processes and mechanisms, rather than energy, to explain the intermediate steps that bring about such changes Describe the ways in which energy is stored Describe the ways that energy can be transferred from one store to another Explain that any change – physical or chemical – results in a transfer of energy Worksheet 3.6.9 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the description to the type of energy store; Video
3.6.10 Explaining thermal conduction and radiation Heating and thermal equilibrium: temperature difference between two objects leading to energy transfer from the hotter to the cooler one, through contact (conduction) or radiation; such transfers tending to reduce the temperature difference: use of insulators Describe the warming and cooling of objects Explain the relationship between energy transfer and temperature change Compare the transfer of energy by thermal conduction and by radiation Worksheet 3.6.10; Practical sheet 3.6.10; Technician's notes 3.6.10 Quick starter; Slideshow: Energy transfers around the home; Interactive activity: Drag the statements and descriptions into the correct group - energy transfer by conduction, or energy transfer by radiation 3.6.11 Understanding energy transfers by fuels and food Energy as a quantity that can be quantified and calculated; the total energy has the same value before and after a change Comparing energy values of different foods (from labels) (kJ) Other processes that involve energy transfer: metabolism of food, burning fuels Describe the use of fuels in the home Explain that foods are energy stores and that the amount stored can be measured Explain that energy is not a material and can be neither created nor destroyed Worksheet 3.6.11 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Drag the units into the correct group - unit of energy, or not a unit of energy; Video 3.6.12 Comparing rates of energy transfer Comparing power ratings of appliances in watts (W, kW) Comparing amounts of energy transferred (J, kJ, kW hour) Describe what is meant by ‘rate of energy transfer’ Recall and use the correct units for rate of energy transfer Calculate quantities of energy transferred when change happens Worksheet 3.6.12 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the calculated quantity to the correct description
3.6.13 Looking at the cost of energy use in the home Comparing power ratings of appliances in watts (W, kW) Comparing amounts of energy transferred (J, kJ, kW hour) Domestic fuel bills, fuel use and costs Describe the information a typical fuel bill provides Explain and use the units used on a fuel bill Explain how the cost of energy used can be calculated Worksheet 3.6.13 Quick starter; Interactive activity: Match the descriptions to the numbers and units found on household electricity bills; Hangman: Key vocabulary game