Interim Objective 4: Trends in nesting numbers at index beaches and population demographics at important foraging grounds are described. Target 4.1: Effective monitoring programs are implemented and maintained at index beaches and foraging areas for each of the six species. Target 4.2: Measures of success identified for each stock are achieved within the life of the plan. Performance of the plan The performance of this plan will be considered at the completion of the plan. The performance of the plan will be rated against how successful the plan has been in meeting targets (Table 2), and will give an indication of the degree of progress towards long-term recovery objectives. The progress of the plan will be reported at a five year (mid-term) review of the plan and at the completion of the plan. Table 2. Performance measures for the Recovery Plan for Marine Turtles in Australia. Performance rating for the recovery plan Targets Progress towards recovery objective Successful All targets met Excellent Moderately successful Five of eight targets are met including 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, and 4.1 Sound Moderately unsuccessful Four of eight targets are met including 1.1, 2.1 and 3.1 Adequate Unsuccessful Fewer than four targets are met or 1.1 and 3.1 not met Failure term
Green Turtle, Coral Sea (G-CS) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Marine debris – ingestion International take – outside Australia’s jurisdiction Likely Fisheries bycatch – international Possible Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute and chronic International take Australia’s jurisdiction Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawl, longline, pot and net) Vessel disturbance Indigenous take (meat) Recreational activities Climate change and variability (extreme weather events) Unlikely Habitat modification - dredging/trawling Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Terrestrial predation Light pollution Noise interference – acute and chronic Unknown Diseases and pathogens Marine debris – entanglement
Green Turtle, Northern Great Barrier Reef (G-nGBR) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain International take – outside Australia’s jurisdiction Terrestrial predation (pig and goanna) Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Indigenous take (meat and eggs) Climate change and variability (increased extreme weather events and ocean acidification) Likely Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute Marine debris – ingestion International take – within Australia’s jurisdiction Marine debris – entanglement Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development (historical mining) Possible Fisheries bycatch – domestic and international Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Chemical and terrestrial discharge – chronic Vessel disturbance Unlikely Recreational activities (off–road vehicles) Noise interference – acute and chronic Light pollution Unknown Diseases & pathogens
Green Turtle, Gulf of Carpentaria (G-GoC) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawl) Climate change and variability Fisheries bycatch – international Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Marine debris – ingestion Fisheries bycatch – domestic (net and pot) Marine debris – entanglement Likely Habitat modification - infrastructure/ coastal development Chemical and terrestrial discharge – chronic Terrestrial predation (goanna) International take –within Australia’s jurisdiction Indigenous take (eggs) Possible Recreational activities (tourism) Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute Noise interference – acute (seismic) Vessel disturbance (boat strike) Terrestrial predation (fox and dog) International take – outside Australia’s jurisdiction Unlikely Light pollution
Unknown Diseases and pathogens Noise interference – chronic Green Turtle, Cobourg (G-Cobourg) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Fisheries bycatch – international International take – outside Australia’s jurisdiction Marine debris – ingestion Marine debris – entanglement Likely Indigenous take (eggs) Climate change and variability Possible Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Noise interference – chronic Noise interference – acute (seismic) Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawl, net, longline and pot) International take –within Australia’s jurisdiction Vessel disturbance (strike) Chemical and terrestrial discharge – chronic Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute Unlikely Light pollution Unknown Diseases and pathogens Recreational activities (tourism) Indigenous take (meat) Terrestrial predation (goanna, pig and dog)
Green Turtle, Northwest Shelf (G-NWS) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Marine debris – entanglement Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Indigenous take (eggs) Recreational activities (off–road vehicles) Likely Terrestrial predation (fox and goanna) Climate change and variability (temperature) Vessel disturbance (strike) Possible Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawling) Chemical and terrestrial discharge – chronic Fisheries bycatch – international Indigenous take (meat) Light pollution Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute Unlikely Diseases and pathogens (Fibropapilloma) Unknown Marine debris – ingestion Noise interference – acute and chronic
International take –outside and within Australia’s jurisdiction (meat) Green Turtle, Ashmore Reef (G-AR) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Light pollution International take –outside and within Australia’s jurisdiction Indigenous take (meat) Marine debris – entanglement # Likely Marine debris – ingestion Vessel disturbance Possible Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawl, longline and net) Fisheries bycatch – international Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute and chronic Climate change and variability Unlikely Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Noise interference – acute and chronic Recreational activities Fisheries bycatch – domestic (pot)
Marine debris – entanglement Terrestrial predation (tropical fire ant) #Given the localized breeding of this stock, a precautionary approach is taken regarding assignation of possible consequences. Green Turtle, Cocos Keeling (G-CK) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Marine debris – ingestion and entanglement Vessel disturbance (strike and noise) Likely Indigenous take (meat and eggs) Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development (removal of vegetation at high tide mark) Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Climate change and variability (erosion and temperature) Possible Recreational activities (tourism and off–road vehicles) Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute and chronic International take – outside Australia’s jurisdiction (meat) Fisheries bycatch – international Fisheries bycatch – domestic (net, longline and pot) Unlikely Noise interference – acute and chronic Light pollution Diseases and pathogens International take – within Australia’s jurisdiction Terrestrial predation (bird, crab and tropical fire ant)
Unlikely Unknown Diseases and pathogens Noise interference – chronic Marine debris – entanglement and ingestion Flatback Turtle, Eastern Queensland (F-eQld) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Likely Marine debris – ingestion Possible Recreational activities (tourism) Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawl and net) Marine debris – entanglement Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute and chronic Terrestrial predation (pig and fox) Light pollution Climate change and variability (temperature) Unlikely International take and within Australia’s jurisdiction Fisheries bycatch – domestic (pot) Vessel disturbance Indigenous take (eggs)
Unknown Fisheries bycatch – international Noise interference – acute Diseases and pathogens Noise interference – chronic Flatback Turtle, Arafura Sea (F-ArS) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain International take and within Australia’s jurisdiction (meat) Marine debris – entanglement Likely Climate change and variability (limited range) Indigenous take (eggs) Terrestrial predation (pig, dog and goanna) Possible Recreational activities (off road vehicles and tourism) Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute and chronic Vessel disturbance Indigenous take (meat) Light pollution Noise interference – acute Fisheries bycatch – domestic (net, trawl and pot)
Chemical and terrestrial discharge – chronic Unlikely International take and within Australia’s jurisdiction Fisheries bycatch – domestic (pot) Recreational activities (off road vehicles) Unknown Diseases and pathogens Noise interference – chronic Flatback Turtle, Southwest Kimberley (F-swKim) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Light pollution Recreational activities (off–road vehicles) Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Vessel disturbance (strike) Indigenous take (eggs) Likely Noise interference – acute (seismic) Marine debris – entanglement Terrestrial predation (fox) Climate change and variability (temperature)
Possible Fisheries bycatch – international Marine debris – ingestion Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawl, net, pot and longline) Chemical and terrestrial discharge – chronic Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute Unlikely International take and within Australia’s jurisdiction Unknown Diseases and pathogens Noise interference – chronic Flatback Turtle, Pilbara (F-Pil) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Vessel disturbance (strike) Likely Recreational activities (off road vehicles) Noise interference – acute Marine debris – entanglement Indigenous take (eggs) Terrestrial predation (fox and goanna) Chemical and terrestrial discharge – chronic Climate change and variability (temperature) Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development
Possible Fisheries bycatch – international Marine debris – ingestion Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawl, net, pot and longline) Light pollution Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute Unlikely International take and within Australia’s jurisdiction Unknown Diseases and pathogens Noise interference – chronic Hawksbill Turtle, Northern Queensland (H-nQld) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Marine debris – entanglement International take – outside Australia’s jurisdiction (shell) Likely Indigenous take (eggs) International take – within Australia’s jurisdiction (shell) Climate change and variability Terrestrial predation (pig, dog and goanna) Possible Marine debris – ingestion Chemical and terrestrial discharge – chronic
Fisheries bycatch – domestic (pot, trawl, longline and net) Fisheries bycatch – international (longline, net and trawl) Unlikely Light pollution Recreational activities Vessel disturbance Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute Unknown Diseases and pathogens Noise interference – acute and chronic Hawksbill Turtle, North East Arnhem Land (H-neArn) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Marine debris – entanglement Likely International take – within Australia’s jurisdiction (shell) Climate change and variability Indigenous take (eggs) International take – outside Australia’s jurisdiction (shell)
Possible Recreational activities (tourism) Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Habitat modification - infrastructure/ coastal development Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawl, longline, pot and net) Noise interference – acute Marine debris – ingestion Chemical and terrestrial discharge – chronic Vessel disturbance Fisheries bycatch – international (longline, net and trawl) Terrestrial predation (goanna and dog) Unlikely Light pollution Unknown Diseases and pathogens Noise interference – chronic Hawksbill Turtle, Western Australia (H-WA) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Vessel disturbance Fisheries bycatch – international (longline, gillnet and purse seine)
Likely Marine debris – entanglement Terrestrial predation (seagull) International take – within Australia’s jurisdiction (shell) Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Climate change and variability (temperature) Light pollution Possible Recreational activities (tourism) Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute and chronic Indigenous take (eggs) Fisheries bycatch – domestic Noise interference – acute International take – outside Australia’s jurisdiction (shell) Unlikely Unknown Diseases and pathogens Marine debris – ingestion Noise interference – chronic Olive Ridley Turtle, Cape York Peninsula (O-nwCY) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Marine debris – entanglement Terrestrial predation (pig, dog and goanna)
Likely Indigenous take (eggs) Fisheries bycatch – international Possible Fisheries bycatch – domestic (longline and pot) Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development International take –outside and within Australia’s jurisdiction Light pollution Vessel disturbance Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute and chronic Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawl and net) Climate change and variability (temperature, limited range and small population) Unlikely Recreational activities (tourism and off–road vehicles) Noise interference – acute Unknown Diseases and pathogens Marine debris – ingestion Noise interference – chronic Olive Ridley Turtle, Northern Territory (O-NT) Stock Likelihood of occurrence (relevant to stock) Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
Almost Certain Marine debris – entanglement Likely Indigenous take (eggs) International take –outside and within Australia’s jurisdiction (meat) Fisheries bycatch – international Possible Recreational activities (tourism and off–road vehicles) Fisheries bycatch – domestic (pot) Habitat modification - infrastructure/coastal development Habitat modification – dredging/trawling Vessel disturbance Chemical and terrestrial discharge – chronic Light pollution Fisheries bycatch – domestic (trawl, longline and net) Climate change and variability Unlikely Noise interference – acute Chemical and terrestrial discharge – acute Unknown Diseases and pathogens Noise interference – chronic Terrestrial predation Marine debris – ingestion Leatherback Turtle, Nesting in Australia (LB) Likelihood of occurrence Consequences No long term effect Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic