federalism sensu stricto, sees mainly states and international organization as a main actors of the European integration. Table 1: Main political theories of European integration. Character Theory The driving forces of integration Focus on The core concepts Goals of integration Functionalism -Nation-state -Technocrats -Experts -Cooperation in technical areas - Transnational governance - Functional -Organization is created only to fulfill technocratic functional tasks Public welfare Securitization of the international peace Nation-states -Interests groups - Political elites -Local authorities -Political, economic and social integration -Territorial aspects -Democracy - Functional and political Spill-over - Interest goes beyond the state, towards supranational center - Impulse for integration is autonomous -Maximization of welfare - Upgrading the common interests Federalism -Assumption that are responsible for wars and citizens -Regional units - Democracy - Shifting the power -Constitutionalized powersharing on a non centralized basis -Building a multinational federal state by relocating -Securitization of the continental peace -Transnational governance
JASMINE – is an European Commission Initiative responsible for development of micro-credit in Europe. JASPERS – this is a Joint Assistance to Support Projects in European Regions. In regard to detailed financial aspects of this Strategy, a little has been written so far. The Commission in the “Communication From The Commission” indicates only examples of financing. According to this document, in the field on environment expenditure for the period 2007-2013 is estimated at: € 3.1 billion for waste water treatment. € 2.3 billion for clean urban transport. € 1.6 billion for household and industrial waste. € 1.2 billion for water distribution. € 1.6 billion for other actions, like improving air quality, promotion of biodiversity and risk prevention. What in total gives € 9.8 billion. This founding scheme represent only money coming from the European Regional Development Fund and the Cohesion Fund. In addition, other financial programmes and institutions will adds their contribution. Following, for the prosperous pillar it is estimated, in total, € 6,7 billion in the field of making the Baltic Region an accessible and attractive place € 27,1 billion and the last pillar, which aims to make the region safe and secure place € 697 million. Hence, the total costs of the Strategy amounts around € 45 billion. The interesting part constitute the fact, that even that no new, specific financial framework has been allocated for the EUSBSR, there is no gaps in financing Action Plan’ projects. This situation might be justified through Multi-level Governance, which allows to overlap between different financial sources (national, regional, local) in one priority area. However, this situation might also bring potential danger of confusion - who is responsible for what, since in the implementation process are involved numbers of actors - and affect the efficiency. In European Parliament, the Polish and Lithuanian governments have endorsed the idea to create separate budget for the Baltic Sea Strategy. However, those voices are only few, the majority seems to comply with the Commission project. There are slight chances for any changes in this matter at least until 2013, when the negotiations about the EU budget framework for 2014 - 2020 period will start. Although, the Commission has created the first report after adoption the EUSBSR, the wider review from implementation will be available during the Polish presidency in second half of this year.
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