above Foster Dam. USACE Responsibilities Reimburse the state for 70% of hatchery O&M costs. Assure hatchery water supply. Reimburse the state for 83.75% of hatchery O&M costs. Assure adequate water supply for USACE’s production. Reimburse the state for hatchery O&M costs. Assure hatchery water supply. Reimburse the state for 50% of hatchery O&M costs. Provide 50% of water supply required for hatchery. Reimburse the state for 83.75% of hatchery O&M costs. Assure adequate water supply for USACE’s production. ODFW Responsibilities Release hatchery mitigation production of Chinook salmon and steelhead primarily into South Santiam or totally within Willamette basin. Release hatchery mitigation production of Chinook salmon and steelhead primarily into North Santiam or totally within Willamette basin. Release hatchery mitigation production in the Willamette River basin to provide greatest good for greatest number of anglers at lowest cost. Release hatchery mitigation production of Chinook salmon primarily into McKenzie River or totally within Willamette basin. Release hatchery mitigation production of Chinook salmon primarily into Middle Fork Willamette River or totally within Willamette basin. O&M = Operation and Maintenance Source: Peven and Keefe () 1.4) Funding source, staffing level, and annual hatchery program operational costs Summer steelhead production in the Willamette basin is funded from many sources, including USACE, ODFW’s Sport Fish Restoration Program and general fund, NMFS, Portland General Electric, and BPA. Staffing and operational costs for each facility in the steelhead program are shown in Table 2.
Figure 2. Willamette basin showing multipurpose dams and fish hatchery facilities 1.6) Type of program Isolated harvest program 1.7) Purpose (goal) of program The goal of this program is to provide fish for sport fisheries and to replace lost fisheries caused by habitat and passage loss/degradation in the Willamette basin while minimizing negative effects on ESA-listed fish. 1.8) Justification for the program The hatchery program was initially started in the UWR in the late 1960s as mitigation for lost winter steelhead production caused by the construction of the Foster and Green Peters dams. Native winter steelhead had not been providing the angling opportunity desired by sportsmen and fisheries managers, because they spawned and were essentially gone from the system by late May. High water through the late winter and spring often impacted, and sometimes substantially reduced, sport angling efforts for winter fish. By the time dependable weather rolled around, the winter fish were gone. The creation of a healthy summer run was intended to expand the duration of the steelhead angling season through the summer and fall. 1.9) List of program “Performance Standards” Peven and Keefe (2010) developed performance standards and indicators for the WHMP summer steelhead program. Table 4 provides the performance indicators and standards that were primarily identified within Peven and Keefe (2010). It is important to note that many of these performance standards need vetting through the WHMT. Table 4. Objectives, indicators and performance standards for the WHMP summer steelhead program Objective Performance indicators Performance Standard (benchmark) Comment Manage broodstock to meet mitigation production requirements Broodstock numbers Enough to release agreed to amount of juveniles Number of fish released Agreed to in WHMT process Percentage of fish released Agreed to number Percentage of broodstock used As close to 100% as possible Ensure all adult hatchery returns can be distinguished from naturally produced fish Number of unclipped summer steelhead in sample 0 Percentage of unclipped summer steelhead ≤ 1% Release hatchery fish that are ready to migrate Number of hatchery juvenile fish that do not migrate after release < 2,853 (0.5% of release)
Number of hatchery fish that are sexually mature at release < 2,853 (0.5% of release) Hormone sampling NA Could assist in determining percentage of non-migrating fish released. Residualism rates < 0.5% of release Precocial rates < 0.5% of release Determine the extent of natural production of summer steelhead Number of juveniles leaving system > 99% Refers to hatchery fish after release Microsatellite genotypes NA Refers to winter steelhead to check for introgression from summer steelhead Number of hatchery produced fish on spawning grounds As close to 0 as possible This indicator refers to summer steelhead, and applies to other objectives too Number of hatchery summer steelhead harvested As many as possible after broodstock goals met. This indicator applies to other objectives too Spatial distribution of spawning fish Isolated from natural winter steelhead Genetic diversity NA Refers to winter steelhead to check for introgression from summer steelhead. This indicator applies to other objectives too Adult migration and spawn timing NA This indicator applies to other objectives too Abundance Sampling rate > 20% Harvest rate > 80% This indicator applies to other objectives too Determine the extent to which juvenile summer steelhead and winter steelhead compete for resources, and ultimately determine if naturally produced summer steelhead are negatively affecting productivity of winter steelhead. Number of fish consumed by hatchery produced fish As close to zero as possible Number of hatchery and naturally produced fish consumed (by all predators) As close to zero as possible Number of naturally produced fish emigrating from feeding stations after hatchery release As close to zero as possible Size of naturally produced fish prior to hatchery release and after Year-specific Habitat use by naturally produced fish prior to and after hatchery fish release The same Habitat use by hatchery produced fish ≠ natural winter steelhead Do not want hatchery fish rearing Number of hatchery and naturally produced adults in ≠ natural winter steelhead
holding areas Pathogen occurrence of hatchery and naturally produced fish hatchery < natural fish Spawning location (by origin) ≠ natural winter steelhead Do not want hatchery fish spawning Number of naturally produced fish caught and released As close to zero as possible Increase harvest of hatchery summer steelhead Number of fish passed upstream into target areas Based on run size and other factors Number of hatchery produced fish recaptured (detected at adult fish facilities or traps, fisheries, spawning grounds) in non-target areas As close to zero as possible Post release mortality (impacts on naturally produced fish) < 5% pHOS 0 This indicator applies to other objectives too Reduce genetic effects of hatchery fish spawning with naturally produced fish pNOB 0 Abundance NA For both winter and summer steelhead Productivity 0 For winter steelhead Source: Based on objectives and indicators identified in Peven and Keefe (2010) 1.10) List of program “Performance Indicators,” designated by “benefits” and “risks” The same performance indicators shown in Table 4 are designated as either a risk or benefit to winter steelhead (and potentially spring Chinook salmon) and are depicted in Table 5 below. Table 5. Performance indicators for summer steelhead hatchery program that are designated as either a risk or benefit to winter steelhead and spring Chinook salmon Objective Performance indicators Benefit Risk Manage broodstock to meet mitigation production requirements Broodstock numbers x Number of fish released x Percentage of fish released NA NA Percentage of broodstock used NA NA Ensure all adult hatchery returns can be distinguished from naturally produced fish Number of unclipped summer steelhead in sample x Percentage of unclipped summer steelhead x Release hatchery fish that are ready to migrate Number of hatchery juvenile fish that do not migrate after release x Number of hatchery fish that are sexually mature at release x Hormone sampling NA NA Residualism rates x Precocial rates x Determine the extent of natural production of summer steelhead Number of juveniles leaving system x
Microsatellite genotypes x Number of hatchery and naturally produced fish on spawning grounds x Number of hatchery summer steelhead harvested x Spatial distribution of spawning fish x Genetic diversity x Adult migration and spawn timing x Abundance Sampling rate NA NA Harvest rate x Determine the extent to which juvenile summer steelhead and winter steelhead compete for resources, and ultimately determine if naturally produced summer steelhead are negatively affecting productivity of winter steelhead. Number of fish consumed by hatchery produced fish x Number of hatchery and naturally produced fish consumed (by all predators) x Number of naturally produced fish emigrating from feeding stations after hatchery release x Size of naturally produced fish prior to hatchery release and after x Habitat use by naturally produced fish prior to and after hatchery fish release x x Habitat use by hatchery produced fish x Number of hatchery and naturally produced adults in holding areas x Pathogen occurrence of hatchery and naturally produced fish x Spawning location (by origin) x Number of naturally produced fish caught and released x Increase harvest of hatchery summer steelhead Number of fish passed upstream into target areas x x Number of hatchery produced fish recaptured (detected at adult fish facilities or traps, fisheries, spawning grounds) in non-target areas x Post release mortality (impacts on naturally produced fish) x pHOS x Reduce genetic effects of hatchery fish spawning with naturally produced fish pNOB x Abundance NA NA Productivity x 1.10.1) “Performance Indicators” addressing benefits Please see Table 5.
Fish health certification procedures are followed prior to release of hatchery smolts (see section 10.9). SECTION 11. MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 11.1) Monitoring and evaluation of “Performance Indicators” presented in Section 1.10 11.1.1) Describe plans and methods proposed to collect data necessary to respond to each “Performance Indicator” identified for the program. Table 28 provides the same information as Table 4, but also includes potential strategies (methods) that would be needed to determine whether the performance standards are being achieved. Actual standards and methods used will be agreed to during the WHMT process. Table 28. Objectives, performance indicators and standards with high-level suggested strategies (or methods) to collect information needed to determine whether the performance standards are being met Objective Performance Indicators Performance Standard (Benchmark) Strategies (Methods) Manage broodstock to meet mitigation production requirements Broodstock numbers Enough to release agreed to amount of juveniles Record numbers and report Number of fish released Agreed to in WHMT process Estimate numbers, report Percentage of fish released Agreed to number Simple ratio, report Percentage of broodstock used As close to 100% as possible Record pre-spawning mortality Ensure all adult hatchery returns can be distinguished from naturally produced fish Number of unclipped summer steelhead in sample 0 Only use fish in broodstock Percentage of unclipped summer steelhead ≤ 1% Ensure quality of marking program Release hatchery fish that are ready to migrate Number of hatchery juvenile fish that do not migrate after release < 2,853 (0.5% of release) See research (Section 12) Number of hatchery fish that are sexually mature at release < 2,853 (0.5% of release) See research (Section 12) Hormone sampling NA Assist in determining sexual maturity of males at release Residualism rates < 0.5% of release See research (Section 12) Precocial rates < 0.5% of release See research (Section 12) Determine the extent of natural production of summer steelhead Number of juveniles leaving system > 99% See research (Section 12) Number of hatchery fish on spawning grounds As close to 0 as possible Liberal bag limits, Remove excess (to harvest and broodstock needs) where infrastructure allows.
Number of hatchery summer steelhead harvested As many as possible Liberal bag limits Spatial distribution of spawning fish Isolated from natural winter steelhead Liberal bag limits, Remove excess (to harvest and broodstock needs) where infrastructure allows. Release fish in areas where the likelihood of returning adults is minimized. Genetic diversity NA Sample genotype every 5 years Adult migration and spawn timing NA Record and report Abundance Sampling rate > 20% Estimate sampling rate and report. Harvest rate > 80% Estimate harvest rate and report. Determine the extent to which juvenile summer steelhead and winter steelhead compete for resources, and ultimately determine if naturally produced summer steelhead are negatively affecting productivity of winter steelhead. Number of fish consumed by hatchery produced fish As close to zero as possible See research (Section 12) Number of hatchery and naturally produced fish consumed (by all predators) As close to zero as possible See research (Section 12) Number of naturally produced fish emigrating from feeding stations after hatchery release As close to zero as possible See research (Section 12) Size of naturally produced fish prior to hatchery release and after Year-specific See research (Section 12) Habitat use by naturally produced fish prior to and after hatchery fish release The same See research (Section 12) Habitat use by hatchery produced fish ≠ natural winter steelhead See research (Section 12) Number of hatchery and naturally produced adults in holding areas ≠ natural winter steelhead See research (Section 12) Pathogen occurrence of hatchery and naturally produced fish hatchery < natural fish Sample representative number of both hatchery- and fish and compare. Spawning location (by origin) ≠ natural winter steelhead Estimate and report Number of naturally produced fish caught and released As close to zero as possible Estimate and report Increase harvest of hatchery summer steelhead Number of fish passed upstream into target areas Based on run size and other factors Record and report Number of hatchery produced fish recaptured (detected at As close to zero as possible Compile appropriate information from