Domain / vertical standards: Within large domains, there are multiple sub domains often served by different, and incompatible standards. In healthcare for example, standards exist for terminology, language formats, records, systems of classification and biomedical ontology categories for knowledge management, as well as devices, internet protocols and interoperability. Section Scope: This section discusses the applicability of standards to the current Big Data landscape. Some standards are legacy standards and do not apply to Big Data. They may apply to legacy systems or they may apply to previous ‘eras’ of big data, what we might refer to as Big Data 1.0 for example [Hadoop / batch processing… ]. Interoperability of electronic health records and medical information continue to be a problem area in the healthcare / life science space. Many of the traditional standards in existence today predate modern problems. For Example, ISO 13606, openEHR, HL7 Messaging, LOINC, RxNorm, SNOMED CT Clinical Terms. Table 6: Excerpt of Healthcare related standards Standard Description Type / Class / Synonymous Namespace Application HL7 Messaging Interoperability; messaging HC ISO 13606 Message exchange among EMRs Messaging HC LOINC Logical observation identifiers Terminology; controlled vocabulary HC openEHR Message exchange among EMRs Messaging EHR related RxNorm Normalized names for clinical drugs Terminology; controlled vocabulary HC SNOMED CT Systematized nomenclature for medicine Terminology; controlled vocabulary HC SNOMED is inconsistent within itself. FHIR looks to solve key problems by extending RESTful web services but is immature.
ISO/IEC 15444:2011 Information Technology—JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) 2000 Image Coding System ISO/IEC 21000:2003 Information Technology—Multimedia Framework (MPEG [Moving Picture Experts Group]-21) ISO 6709:2008 Standard Representation of Geographic Point Location by Coordinates ISO 19115-* Geographic Metadata ISO 19110 Geographic Information Feature Cataloging ISO 19139 Geographic Metadata XML Schema Implementation ISO 19119 Geographic Information Services ISO 19157 Geographic Information Data Quality ISO 19114 Geographic Information—Quality Evaluation Procedures IEEE 21451 -* Information Technology—Smart transducer interface for sensors and actuators Part 1: Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) information model Part 2: Transducer to microprocessor communication protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) formats Part 4: Mixed-mode communication protocols and TEDS formats Part 7: Transducer to radio frequency identification (RFID) systems communication protocols and TEDS formats IEEE 2200-2012 Standard Protocol for Stream Management in Media Client Devices ISO/IEC 15408-2009 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Evaluation Criteria for IT Security ISO/IEC 27010:2012 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Information Security Management for Inter-Sector and Inter-Organizational Communications ISO/IEC 27033-1:2009 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Network Security ISO/IEC TR 14516:2002 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Guidelines for the Use and Management of Trusted Third Party Services ISO/IEC 29100:2011 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Privacy Framework ISO/IEC 9798:2010 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Entity Authentication ISO/IEC 11770:2010 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Key Management ISO/IEC 27035:2011 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Information Security Incident Management
OGC® Geospatial eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (GeoXACML) Version 1 The Policy Language introduced in this document defines a geo-specific extension to the XACML Policy Language, as defined by the OASIS standard eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML), Version 2.0” OGC® network Common Data Form (netCDF) netCDF is a set of software libraries and self-describing, data formats that support the creation, access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data. OGC® Open Modelling Interface Standard (OpenMI) The purpose of the OpenMI is to enable the runtime exchange of data between process simulation models and also between models and other modelling tools such as databases and analytical and visualization applications. OGC® OpenSearch Geo and Time Extensions This OGC standard specifies the Geo and Time extensions to the OpenSearch query protocol. OpenSearch is a collection of simple formats for the sharing of search results. OGC® Web Services Context Document (OWS Context) The OGC® OWS Context was created to allow a set of configured information resources (service set) to be passed between applications primarily as a collection of services. OGC® Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) This series of standards support interoperability interfaces and metadata encodings that enable real time integration of heterogeneous sensor webs. These standards include a modeling language (SensorML), common data model, and sensor observation, planning, and alerting service interfaces. OGC® OpenGIS® Simple Features Access (SFA) Describes the common architecture for simple feature geometry and is also referenced as ISO 19125. It also implements a profile of the spatial schema described in ISO 19107:2003. OGC® OpenGIS® Georeferenced Table Joining Service (TJS) Implementation Standard This standard is the specification for a TJS that defines a simple way to describe and exchange tabular data that contains information about geographic objects. OGC® OpenGIS® Web Coverage Processing Service Interface (WCPS) Standard Defines a protocol-independent language for the extraction, processing, and analysis of multi-dimensional gridded coverages representing sensor, image, or statistics data. OGC® OpenGIS® Web Coverage Service (WCS) This document specifies how a WCS offers multi-dimensional coverage data for access over the Internet. This document specifies a core set of requirements that a WCS implementation must fulfill.
W3C RDF Data Cube Vocabulary W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) W3C HTML5 A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML W3C Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) 2.0 W3C OWL 2 Web Ontology Language W3C Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) 1.0 W3C Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER) W3C Provenance W3C Rule Interchange Format (RIF) W3C Service Modeling Language (SML) 1.1 W3C Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference (SKOS) W3C Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.2 W3C SPARQL 1.1 W3C Web Service Description Language (WSDL) 2.0 W3C XML Key Management Specification (XKMS) 2.0 OGC® OpenGIS® Catalogue Services Specification 2.0.2 - ISO Metadata Application Profile OGC® OpenGIS® GeoAPI OGC® OpenGIS® GeoSPARQL OGC® OpenGIS® Geography Markup Language (GML) Encoding Standard OGC® Geospatial eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (GeoXACML) Version 1 OGC® network Common Data Form (netCDF) OGC® Open Modelling Interface Standard (OpenMI) OGC® OpenSearch Geo and Time Extensions OGC® Web Services Context Document (OWS Context) OGC® Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) OGC® OpenGIS® Simple Features Access (SFA) OGC® OpenGIS® Georeferenced Table Joining Service (TJS) Implementation Standard