Section 8. References

8.1.  Normative References
   [1]        Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc791>.
   [2]        Mogul, J. and S. Deering, "Path MTU discovery", RFC 1191,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1191>.
   [3]        Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
   [4]        Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black,
              "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS
              Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2474>.
   [5]        Floyd, S., "Congestion Control Principles", BCP 41,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2914>.
   [6]        Ramakrishnan, K., Floyd, S., and D. Black, "The Addition
              of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3168>.
   [7]        Floyd, S. and M. Allman, "Specifying New Congestion
              Control Algorithms", BCP 133, RFC 5033,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5033>.
   [8]        Allman, M., Paxson, V., and E. Blanton, "TCP Congestion
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5681>.
   [9]        Ramaiah, A., Stewart, R., and M. Dalal, "Improving TCP's
              Robustness to Blind In-Window Attacks", RFC 5961,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5961>.
   [10]       Paxson, V., Allman, M., Chu, J., and M. Sargent,
              "Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer", RFC 6298,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6298>.
   [11]       Gont, F., "Deprecation of ICMP Source Quench Messages",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6633>.
   [12]       Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
   [13]       Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.
   [14]       McCann, J., Deering, S., Mogul, J., and R. Hinden, Ed.,
              "Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6", STD 87, RFC 8201,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8201>.
   [15]       Allman, M., "Requirements for Time-Based Loss Detection",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8961>.
8.2.  Informative References
   [16]       Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc793>.
   [17]       Nagle, J., "Congestion Control in IP/TCP Internetworks",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc896>.
   [18]       Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Official Internet protocols",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1011>.
   [19]       Braden, R., Ed., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
              Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1122>.
   [20]       Almquist, P., "Type of Service in the Internet Protocol
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1349>.
   [21]       Braden, R., "T/TCP -- TCP Extensions for Transactions
              Functional Specification", RFC 1644, DOI 10.17487/RFC1644,
   [22]       Mathis, M., Mahdavi, J., Floyd, S., and A. Romanow, "TCP
              Selective Acknowledgment Options", RFC 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2018>.
   [23]       Paxson, V., Allman, M., Dawson, S., Fenner, W., Griner,
              J., Heavens, I., Lahey, K., Semke, J., and B. Volz, "Known
              TCP Implementation Problems", RFC 2525,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2525>.
   [24]       Borman, D., Deering, S., and R. Hinden, "IPv6 Jumbograms",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2675>.
   [25]       Xiao, X., Hannan, A., Paxson, V., and E. Crabbe, "TCP
              Processing of the IPv4 Precedence Field", RFC 2873,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2873>.
   [26]       Floyd, S., Mahdavi, J., Mathis, M., and M. Podolsky, "An
              Extension to the Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) Option
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2883>.
   [27]       Lahey, K., "TCP Problems with Path MTU Discovery",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2923>.
   [28]       Balakrishnan, H., Padmanabhan, V., Fairhurst, G., and M.
              Sooriyabandara, "TCP Performance Implications of Network
              Path Asymmetry", BCP 69, RFC 3449, DOI 10.17487/RFC3449,
   [29]       Allman, M., "TCP Congestion Control with Appropriate Byte
              Counting (ABC)", RFC 3465, DOI 10.17487/RFC3465, February
              2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3465>.
   [30]       Fenner, B., "Experimental Values In IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4,
              ICMPv6, UDP, and TCP Headers", RFC 4727,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4727>.
   [31]       Mathis, M. and J. Heffner, "Packetization Layer Path MTU
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4821>.
   [32]       Eddy, W., "TCP SYN Flooding Attacks and Common
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4987>.
   [33]       Touch, J., "Defending TCP Against Spoofing Attacks",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4953>.
   [34]       Culley, P., Elzur, U., Recio, R., Bailey, S., and J.
              Carrier, "Marker PDU Aligned Framing for TCP
              Specification", RFC 5044, DOI 10.17487/RFC5044, October
              2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5044>.
   [35]       Gont, F., "TCP's Reaction to Soft Errors", RFC 5461,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5461>.
   [36]       StJohns, M., Atkinson, R., and G. Thomas, "Common
              Architecture Label IPv6 Security Option (CALIPSO)",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5570>.
   [37]       Sandlund, K., Pelletier, G., and L-E. Jonsson, "The RObust
              Header Compression (ROHC) Framework", RFC 5795,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5795>.
   [38]       Touch, J., Mankin, A., and R. Bonica, "The TCP
              Authentication Option", RFC 5925, DOI 10.17487/RFC5925,
   [39]       Gont, F. and A. Yourtchenko, "On the Implementation of the
              TCP Urgent Mechanism", RFC 6093, DOI 10.17487/RFC6093,
   [40]       Gont, F., "Reducing the TIME-WAIT State Using TCP
              Timestamps", BCP 159, RFC 6191, DOI 10.17487/RFC6191,
   [41]       Bashyam, M., Jethanandani, M., and A. Ramaiah, "TCP Sender
              Clarification for Persist Condition", RFC 6429,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6429>.
   [42]       Gont, F. and S. Bellovin, "Defending against Sequence
              Number Attacks", RFC 6528, DOI 10.17487/RFC6528, February
              2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6528>.
   [43]       Borman, D., "TCP Options and Maximum Segment Size (MSS)",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6691>.
   [44]       Touch, J., "Updated Specification of the IPv4 ID Field",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6864>.
   [45]       Touch, J., "Shared Use of Experimental TCP Options",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6994>.
   [46]       McPherson, D., Oran, D., Thaler, D., and E. Osterweil,
              "Architectural Considerations of IP Anycast", RFC 7094,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7094>.
   [47]       Borman, D., Braden, B., Jacobson, V., and R.
              Scheffenegger, Ed., "TCP Extensions for High Performance",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7323>.
   [48]       Cheng, Y., Chu, J., Radhakrishnan, S., and A. Jain, "TCP
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7413>.
   [49]       Duke, M., Braden, R., Eddy, W., Blanton, E., and A.
              Zimmermann, "A Roadmap for Transmission Control Protocol
              (TCP) Specification Documents", RFC 7414,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7414>.
   [50]       Black, D., Ed. and P. Jones, "Differentiated Services
              (Diffserv) and Real-Time Communication", RFC 7657,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7657>.
   [51]       Fairhurst, G. and M. Welzl, "The Benefits of Using
              Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)", RFC 8087,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8087>.
   [52]       Fairhurst, G., Ed., Trammell, B., Ed., and M. Kuehlewind,
              Ed., "Services Provided by IETF Transport Protocols and
              Congestion Control Mechanisms", RFC 8095,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8095>.
   [53]       Welzl, M., Tuexen, M., and N. Khademi, "On the Usage of
              Transport Features Provided by IETF Transport Protocols",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8303>.
   [54]       Black, D., "Relaxing Restrictions on Explicit Congestion
              Notification (ECN) Experimentation", RFC 8311,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8311>.
   [55]       Chown, T., Loughney, J., and T. Winters, "IPv6 Node
              Requirements", BCP 220, RFC 8504, DOI 10.17487/RFC8504,
   [56]       Trammell, B. and M. Kuehlewind, "The Wire Image of a
              Network Protocol", RFC 8546, DOI 10.17487/RFC8546, April
              2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8546>.
   [57]       Bittau, A., Giffin, D., Handley, M., Mazieres, D., Slack,
              Q., and E. Smith, "Cryptographic Protection of TCP Streams
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8548>.
   [58]       Hardie, T., Ed., "Transport Protocol Path Signals",
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8558>.
   [59]       Ford, A., Raiciu, C., Handley, M., Bonaventure, O., and C.
              Paasch, "TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with
              Multiple Addresses", RFC 8684, DOI 10.17487/RFC8684, March
              2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8684>.
   [60]       Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based
              Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9000>.
   [61]       Fairhurst, G. and C. Perkins, "Considerations around
              Transport Header Confidentiality, Network Operations, and
              the Evolution of Internet Transport Protocols", RFC 9065,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9065>.
   [62]       IANA, "Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Parameters",
              <https://www.iana.org/assignments/tcp-parameters/>.
   [63]       Gont, F., "Processing of IP Security/Compartment and
              Precedence Information by TCP", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-gont-tcpm-tcp-seccomp-prec-00, 29
              March 2012, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-
              gont-tcpm-tcp-seccomp-prec-00>.
   [64]       Gont, F. and D. Borman, "On the Validation of TCP Sequence
              Numbers", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-gont-
              tcpm-tcp-seq-validation-04, 11 March 2019,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-gont-tcpm-
              tcp-seq-validation-04>.
   [65]       Touch, J. and W. M. Eddy, "TCP Extended Data Offset
              Option", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              tcpm-tcp-edo-12, 15 April 2022,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-tcpm-
              tcp-edo-12>.
   [66]       McQuistin, S., Band, V., Jacob, D., and C. Perkins,
              "Describing Protocol Data Units with Augmented Packet
              Header Diagrams", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              mcquistin-augmented-ascii-diagrams-10, 7 March 2022,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-mcquistin-
              augmented-ascii-diagrams-10>.
   [67]       Thomson, M. and T. Pauly, "Long-Term Viability of Protocol
              Extension Mechanisms", RFC 9170, DOI 10.17487/RFC9170,
   [68]       Minshall, G., "A Suggested Modification to Nagle's
              Algorithm", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              minshall-nagle-01, 18 June 1999,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-minshall-
              nagle-01>.
   [69]       Dalal, Y. and C. Sunshine, "Connection Management in
              Transport Protocols", Computer Networks, Vol. 2, No. 6,
              pp. 454-473, DOI 10.1016/0376-5075(78)90053-3, December
              1978, <https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-5075(78)90053-3>.
   [70]       Faber, T., Touch, J., and W. Yui, "The TIME-WAIT state in
              TCP and Its Effect on Busy Servers", Proceedings of IEEE
              INFOCOM, pp. 1573-1583, DOI 10.1109/INFCOM.1999.752180,
              March 1999, <https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.1999.752180>.
   [71]       Postel, J., "Comments on Action Items from the January
              Meeting", IEN 177, March 1981,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien177.txt>.
   [72]       "Segmentation Offloads", The Linux Kernel Documentation,
              <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/
              segmentation-offloads.html>.
   [73]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 573, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid573>.
   [74]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 574, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid574>.
   [75]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 700, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid700>.
   [76]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 701, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid701>.
   [77]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 1283, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid1283>.
   [78]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 1561, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid1561>.
   [79]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 1562, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid1562>.
   [80]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 1564, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid1564>.
   [81]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 1571, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid1571>.
   [82]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 1572, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid1572>.
   [83]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 2297, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid2297>.
   [84]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 2298, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid2298>.
   [85]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 2748, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid2748>.
   [86]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 2749, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid2749>.
   [87]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 2934, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid2934>.
   [88]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 3213, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid3213>.
   [89]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 3300, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid3300>.
   [90]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 3301, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid3301>.
   [91]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 6222, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid6222>.
   [92]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 572, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid572>.
   [93]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 575, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid575>.
   [94]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 1565, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid1565>.
   [95]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 1569, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid1569>.
   [96]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 2296, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid2296>.
   [97]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 3305, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid3305>.
   [98]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 3602, RFC 793,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid3602>.
   [99]       RFC Errata, Erratum ID 4772, RFC 5961,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid4772>.
   [100]      Gont, F., "ICMP Attacks against TCP", RFC 5927,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5927>.