zifeng-ai/TrialReviewBench huggingface dataset:
Title: Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults. A systematic review.
Topic: Immunotherapy

Renal vasculitis presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and comprises of a group of conditions characterised by acute kidney failure, haematuria and proteinuria. Treatment of these conditions involves the use of steroid and non-steroid agents with or without adjunctive plasma exchange. Although immunosuppression has been successful, many questions remain unanswered in terms of dose and duration of therapy, the use of plasma exchange and the role of new therapies. This systematic review was conducted to determine the benefits and harms of any intervention for the treatment of renal vasculitis in adults.

PICO:
P: Adults with renal vasculitis presenting as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
I: Treatment with steroid and non-steroid agents with or without adjunctive plasma exchange
C: No specific comparison group mentioned in the abstract
O: Benefits and harms of any intervention for the treatment of renal vasculitis in adults
Title: The Predictive Value of Tumor Mutation Burden on Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topic: Immunotherapy


PICO:
P: Patients with cancers
I: Immune checkpoint inhibitors
C: Tumor mutation burden
O: Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Title: Safety of hymenoptera venom immunotherapy: a systematic review.
Topic: Immunotherapy

The efficacy of venom immunotherapy (VIT) in patients with insect sting allergy is not questioned. However, its safety, especially when honeybee is used, is a matter of concern.

PICO:
P: Patients with insect sting allergy
I: Venom immunotherapy (VIT)
C: Standard care or placebo
O: Safety of VIT, especially when honeybee is used
Title: Efficacy and safety of allergen immunotherapy in patients with allergy to molds: A systematic review.
Topic: Immunotherapy

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) with mould extracts has been performed for many years but the final demonstration of its clinical efficacy is still missing, due to the small number of studies and their inconsistent results.

PICO:
P: Patients with allergy to molds
I: Allergen immunotherapy with mould extracts
C: Placebo or alternative treatment
O: Clinical efficacy and safety of allergen immunotherapy
Title: Allergen immunotherapy for allergic asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Immunotherapy

To inform the development of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Guidelines on Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) for allergic asthma, we assessed the evidence on the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and safety of AIT.

PICO:
P: Patients with allergic asthma
I: Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT)
C: Standard care or placebo
O: Effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and safety of AIT
Title: Allergen immunotherapy for the prevention of allergy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Immunotherapy

There is a need to establish the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and safety of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for the prevention of allergic disease.

PICO:
P: Patients with allergic disease or at risk of developing allergies
I: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for the prevention of allergic disease
C: Standard care or placebo
O: Effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and safety of AIT for allergy prevention
Title: Effect of pomalidomide on relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Immunotherapy

In this work, we aim to further analyze the effect of pomalidomide for relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). A systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted on September 20, 2016. Pooled effect size (ES) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects model. STATA software (version 12.0; Stata Corporation; College Station, TX, USA) was employed to do all statistical analyses. A total of 8 studies were included for analysis. The combined results demonstrated that the pooled proportion of overall response rate (ORR) was 0.35 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.43, 

PICO:
P: Patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma
I: Treatment with pomalidomide
C: No specific comparison group mentioned in the abstract
O: Overall response rate (ORR) as the primary outcome
Title: Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Brain metastases represent a significant healthcare problem. It is estimated that 20% to 40% of patients with cancer will develop metastatic cancer to the brain during the course of their illness. The burden of brain metastases impacts on quality and length of survival. Presenting symptoms include headache (49%), focal weakness (30%), mental disturbances (32%), gait ataxia (21%), seizures (18%), speech difficulty (12%), visual disturbance (6%), sensory disturbance (6%) and limb ataxia (6%).Brain metastases may spread from any primary site. The most common primary site is the lung, followed by the breast then gastrointestinal sites. Eighty-five per cent of brain metastases are found in the cerebral hemispheres, 10% to 15% in the cerebellum and 1% to 3% in the brainstem. Brain radiotherapy is used to treat cancer participants who have brain metastases from various primary malignancies.This is an update to the original review published in Issue 3, 2006.

PICO:
P: Patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
I: Whole brain radiotherapy
C: Standard care or alternative treatments
O: Impact on quality and length of survival, symptom improvement, tumor response rates
Title: Anthracyclines in early-stage breast cancer: is it the end of an era?
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Anthracycline regimens have been the mainstay of adjuvant care in breast cancer for >20 years. A growing body of clinical experience has uncovered an unacceptable rate of significant cardiac and leukomogenic toxicities. A systematic review of the literature was performed highlighting anthracycline- and nonanthracycline-based adjuvant regimens. The published data suggest that nonanthracycline alternatives are less toxic than anthracycline-containing regimens and equally, if not more, efficacious. Molecular predictors, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and topoisomerase II alpha, are further refining the optimal role of anthracyclines. With these new advances, the current role of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer demands re-examination.

PICO:
P: Patients with early-stage breast cancer
I: Anthracycline-based chemotherapy
C: Nonanthracycline-based chemotherapy
O: Cardiac and leukomogenic toxicities, efficacy of treatment
Title: Long-term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Gliomas are brain tumours arising from glial cells with an annual incidence of 4 to 11 people per 100,000. In this review we focus on gliomas with low aggressive potential in the short term, i.e. low-grade gliomas. Most people with low-grade gliomas are treated with surgery and may receive radiotherapy thereafter. However, there is concern about the possible long-term effects of radiotherapy, especially on neurocognitive functioning.

PICO:
P: Patients with low-grade gliomas
I: Radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy
C: No radiotherapy or alternative treatment
O: Long-term neurocognitive and other side effects
Title: VEGFR-TKIs combined with chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy


PICO:
P: Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
I: VEGFR-TKIs combined with chemotherapy
C: Chemotherapy alone
O: Efficacy, safety, and overall survival rates
Title: Radiation Pneumonitis after Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: Institutional Data and a Systematic Review.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is a serious complication that can occur after thoracic radiotherapy. The goal of this study is to investigate the incidence of RP after radiochemotherapy with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with esophageal cancer and correlate this with dose volume histogram (DVH) related parameters. For this purpose, the clinical course of 73 patients was evaluated and irradiation doses to the lungs were extracted from radiotherapy treatment plans. Furthermore, a systematic review on this topic was conducted across PubMed. In our institutional cohort, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade II or higher RP occurred in four patients (5.5%). The systematic review identified 493 titles of which 19 studies reporting 874 patients qualified for the final analysis. No grade IV or V RP after radiochemotherapy with IMRT for esophageal cancer was reported in the screened literature. Grade II or higher RP is reported in 6.6% of the patients. A higher incidence can be seen with increasing values for lung V20. In conclusion, our institutional data and the literature consistently show a low incidence of symptomatic RP after radiochemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer treated with IMRT. However, efforts should be made to keep the lung V20 below 23% and specific caution is warranted in patients with pre-existing lung conditions.

PICO:
P: Patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiochemotherapy with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)
I: Incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) and correlation with dose volume histogram (DVH) related parameters
C: N/A
O: To investigate the occurrence of RP after IMRT in patients with esophageal cancer, specifically looking at the incidence of CTCAE grade II or higher RP, the relationship with lung V20 values, and the overall symptomatic RP rate
Title: Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) often complicates the clinical course of cancer. The risk is further increased by chemotherapy, but the trade-off between safety and efficacy of primary thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy is uncertain. This is the second update of a review first published in February 2012.

PICO:
P: Ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
I: Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism
C: No primary prophylaxis or standard care
O: Risk reduction of venous thromboembolism and trade-off between safety and efficacy
Title: Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus anti-angiogenesis therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical randomized phase III trials.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy


PICO:
P: Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer
I: Gemcitabine plus anti-angiogenesis therapy
C: Standard care or alternative treatment
O: Efficacy and safety outcomes in terms of tumor response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and adverse effects
Title: Interventions for preventing and ameliorating cognitive deficits in adults treated with cranial irradiation.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Cognitive deficits are common in people who have received cranial irradiation and have a serious impact on daily functioning and quality of life. The benefit of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of cognitive deficits in this population is unclear.

PICO:
P: Adults treated with cranial irradiation
I: Interventions for preventing and ameliorating cognitive deficits
C: No specific comparison mentioned in the abstract
O: Improvement in cognitive deficits, impact on daily functioning and quality of life
Title: Review and meta-analysis of incidence and clinical predictors of anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

The management of individual patients requiring anthracyclines remains challenging because uncertainty persists on predictors of cardiotoxicity. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on incidence and predictors of anthracycline chemotherapy in patients with cancer. Databases were searched for pertinent studies. Meta-analytic pooling with random-effects methods was performed for incidence estimates, while relying on descriptive statistics for prevalence and strength of association of predictors. From 16,054 retrieved citations, 18 studies reporting on 49,017 patients with cancer were included, with 22,815 treated with anthracyclines. After a median follow-up of 9 years, clinically overt cardiotoxicity occurred in 6% (95% confidence interval 3% to 9%), whereas subclinical cardiotoxicity developed in 18% (95% confidence interval 12% to 24%). Appraisal of independent risk factors of cardiotoxicity showed that cumulative anthracycline dose was most consistently reported as an accurate and robust predictor of cardiotoxicity, with an acceptable prognostic role also for chest radiotherapy, African-American ethnicity, very young or very old age, diabetes, hypertension, very high or very low body weight, or severe co-morbidities. In conclusion, despite ongoing refinements in chemotherapy regimens, anthracyclines still pose a significant risk of cardiotoxicity, especially in those requiring a high cumulative dose or chest radiotherapy.

PICO:
P: Patients with cancer receiving anthracycline chemotherapy
I: Cumulative anthracycline dose and other predictors of cardiotoxicity
C: N/A
O: Incidence and clinical predictors of anthracycline cardiotoxicity
Title: Association between the ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism and clinical outcomes of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapies in gastrointestinal cancer: a meta-analysis.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

The relationship between the excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1) rs11615 polymorphism (C/T) and responses to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess this relationship.

PICO:
P: Patients with gastrointestinal cancer (GC and CRC) who have the ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism (C/T)
I: Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy
C: Non-carriers of the ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism
O: Clinical outcomes of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapies in gastrointestinal cancer patients
Title: Chemotherapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Genetic Variants Modulating Individual Risk.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction is a significant side effect of anticancer treatment. Risk stratification is based on clinical- and treatment-related risk factors that do not adequately explain individual susceptibility. The addition of genetic variants may improve risk assessment. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase, to identify studies investigating genetic risk factors for chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction. Included were articles describing genetic variants in humans altering susceptibility to chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction. The validity of identified studies was assessed by 10 criteria, including assessment of population stratification, statistical methodology, and replication of findings. We identified 40 studies: 34 exploring genetic risk factors for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (n=9678) and 6 studies related to trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity (n=642). The majority (35/40) of studies had a candidate gene approach, whereas 5 genome-wide association studies have been performed. We identified 25 genetic variants in 20 genes and 2 intergenic variants reported significant at least once. The overall validity of studies was limited, with small cohorts, failure to assess population ancestry and lack of replication. SNPs with the most robust evidence up to this point are 

PICO:
P: Patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer
I: Genetic variants influencing susceptibility to chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction
C: Standard risk assessment without genetic variants
O: Identification of genetic markers for individual risk assessment of chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction
Title: Hypofractionated radiation therapy versus conventional radiation therapy in prostate cancer: A systematic review of its safety and efficacy.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

New therapeutic alternatives can improve the safety and efficacy of prostate cancer treatment.

PICO:
P: Patients with prostate cancer
I: Hypofractionated radiation therapy
C: Conventional radiation therapy
O: Safety and efficacy of treatment
Title: The most prevalent side effects of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin monotherapy in women with metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review of clinical trials.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Despite benefits of systemic chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment, several patients with early-stage breast cancer will develop metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Doxorubicin is among the most active agents against MBC. However, the use of doxorubicin is related to some life-threatening side effects including cardiotoxicity. Many efforts were made to lessen the side effects of doxorubicin and improve its efficacy. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is a product claimed to achieve these two objectives because of its different pharmacokinetic profile. The aim of this study was to determine the side-effect profile of PLD in MBC through a systematic review of phase II clinical trials. A literature search in PubMed-MEDLINE was performed using terms covering nano-based pharmaceutical systems, 'breast cancer' and 'doxorubicin'. Articles were evaluated according to the inclusion criteria. Reported hematological and non-hematological side effects were categorized. Out of 718 articles that were initially identified, 8 were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. We found that the most important side effects of PLD were skin toxicity and mucositis, but the proportion of patients who showed grade III and IV of these side effects was relatively low. On the other hand, the occurrence of cardiotoxicity, the most important problem with doxorubicin, was considerably reduced in patients treated with PLD. Although PLD has demonstrated a lower toxicity profile than conventional anthracyclines, it has also new side effects. However, it seems that the reduced cardiotoxicity of PLD has made it a more appropriate option in patients with MBC, especially in those with risk factors for cardiac diseases.

PICO:
P: Women with metastatic breast cancer
I: Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin monotherapy
C: Conventional anthracyclines
O: Side effects profile including skin toxicity, mucositis, and cardiotoxicity
Title: Comparing hypofractionated to conventional fractionated radiotherapy in postmastectomy breast cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

To compare the efficacy and toxicity of hypofractionated radiotherapy versus conventional fractionated radiotherapy in postmastectomy breast cancer using meta-analysis.

PICO:
P: Postmastectomy breast cancer patients
I: Hypofractionated radiotherapy
C: Conventional fractionated radiotherapy
O: Efficacy and toxicity outcomes
Title: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective trials.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy


PICO:
P: Patients with prostate cancer
I: Stereotactic body radiation therapy
C: Standard radiation therapy
O: Clinical outcomes and adverse effects
Title: Topotecan, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride, paclitaxel, trabectedin and gemcitabine for advanced recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer: a systematic review and economic evaluation.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the UK, and the fourth most common cause of cancer death. Of those people successfully treated with first-line chemotherapy, 55-75% will relapse within 2 years. At this time, it is uncertain which chemotherapy regimen is more clinically effective and cost-effective for the treatment of recurrent, advanced ovarian cancer.

PICO:
P: Patients with advanced recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer
I: Topotecan, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride, paclitaxel, trabectedin, and gemcitabine chemotherapy regimens
C: Comparison of different chemotherapy regimens or standard care
O: Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness for the treatment of recurrent, advanced ovarian cancer
Title: Camptothecins compared with etoposide in combination with platinum analog in extensive stage small cell lung cancer: systematic review with meta-analysis.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Superiority of camptothecin regimens over etoposide-both combined with platinum analogs-in extensive disease small cell lung cancer has been a matter of debate with contradictory findings in randomized trials. A systematic review was sought to elucidate this issue.

PICO:
P: Patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer
I: Camptothecins in combination with platinum analog
C: Etoposide in combination with platinum analog
O: Superiority of camptothecins over etoposide in terms of efficacy and safety outcomes
Title: Can GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms predict clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in gastric and colorectal cancers? A result based on the previous reports.
Topic: Radiation/Chemotherapy

Gastric and colorectal cancers remain the major causes of cancer-related death. Although chemotherapy improves the prognosis of the patients with gastrointestinal cancers, some patients do not benefit from therapy and are exposed to the adverse effects. The polymorphisms in genes including GSTM1 and GSTT1 have been explored to predict therapeutic efficacy; however, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive.

PICO:
P: Patients with gastric and colorectal cancers undergoing chemotherapy
I: Testing for GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms to predict therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy
C: Standard chemotherapy without genetic testing
O: Clinical outcomes of chemotherapy, including response to treatment and adverse effects