zifeng-ai/TrialReviewBench huggingface dataset:
Title: TKI Maintenance After Stem-Cell Transplantation for FLT3-ITD Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Topic: Immunotherapy

This analysis aimed to systematically review and synthesize the existing evidence regarding the outcome of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) maintenance therapy after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We searched publicly available databases, references lists of relevant reviews, registered trials, and relevant conference proceedings. A total of 7 studies comprising 680 patients were included. Five studies evaluated sorafenib and 2 studies evaluated midostaurin, compared with control. The incidence of relapse was significantly reduced after TKI therapy, showing an overall pooled risk ratio (RR) of 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.51; P < 0.001), with a marked 65% reduced risk for relapse. The overall pooled RR for relapse-free survival and overall survival showed significantly improved outcome after TKI maintenance therapy, being 0.48 (95% CI, 0.37-0.61; P < 0.001) and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.36-0.64; P < 0.001). The risk for relapse or death from any cause was reduced by 52% using TKI. No difference in outcome was seen for non-relapse mortality, and the risk for chronic or acute graft-vs. -host disease appeared to be increased, at least for sorafenib. In conclusion, post-transplant maintenance therapy with TKI was associated with significantly improved outcome in relapse and survival in patients with FLT3-ITD positive AML.

PICO:
P: Patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have undergone allogeneic stem-cell transplantation
I: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) maintenance therapy
C: Control (no TKI maintenance therapy or standard of care post transplantation)
O: Incidence of relapse, relapse-free survival, overall survival, risk of death from any cause, and increased risk for chronic or acute graft-vs.-host disease
Title: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: a meta-analysis
Topic: Immunotherapy

Identification of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) candidates to receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in first complete remission (CR1) is still a matter of debate. Currently, transplantation is reserved to patients considered at high risk of relapse based on cytogenetics, molecular biology, and minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. However, no randomized clinical trial exists in the literature comparing transplantation with other types of consolidation therapy. Here, we provide an up-to-date meta-analysis of studies comparing allo-HSCT in CR1 with chemotherapy alone as a post-remission treatment in high-risk pediatric AML. The literature search strategy identified 10 cohorts from 9 studies performing as-treated analysis. The quantitative synthesis showed improved overall survival (OS) (relative risk, 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.24; P = 0.0006) and disease-free survival (relative risk, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17–1.47; P = 0.0001) in the allo-HSCT group, with increased relapse rate in the chemotherapy group (relative risk, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.07–1.49; P = 0.006). Sensitivity analysis including prospective studies alone and excluding studies that reported the comparison only on intermediate-risk patients confirmed the benefit of allo-HSCT on OS. Further research should focus on individualizing allo-HSCT indications based on molecular stratification and MRD monitoring.

PICO:
P: Pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1)
I: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT)
C: Chemotherapy alone as a post-remission treatment
O: Improved overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), reduced relapse rate
Title: Cardiotoxicity of aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been associated with cardiovascular disease in adjuvant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing these drugs to tamoxifen. However, it is unclear whether this risk is real or due to cardioprotective effects of tamoxifen. To address this question, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all RCTs of AIs and tamoxifen in adjuvant and extended adjuvant setting.

PICO:
P: Postmenopausal women with breast cancer
I: Aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen in adjuvant and extended adjuvant setting
C: Comparison between aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen
O: Cardiotoxicity as the primary outcome
Title: The role of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of metformin in subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Only randomized trials investigating the effectiveness of metformin and PCOS definition consistent with the Rotterdam consensus criteria, were eligible. Primary outcome was live birth rate. A literature search identified 27 trials. In therapy naïve women, we found no evidence of a difference in live birth rate when comparing metformin with clomifene citrate (CC) [relative risks (RR) 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-1.1] or comparing metformin plus CC with CC (RR 1.0; 95% CI 0.82-1.3). In CC-resistant women, metformin plus CC led to higher live birth rates than CC alone (RR 6.4; 95% CI 1.2-35); metformin also led to higher live birth rates than laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) (RR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.5). We found no evidence for a positive effect of metformin on live birth when added to LOD (RR 1.3; 95% CI 0.39-4.0) or FSH (RR 1.6; 95% CI 0.95-2.9), or when co-administered in IVF (RR 1.5; 95% CI 0.92-2.5). In IVF, metformin led to fewer cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (RR 0.33; 95% CI 0.13-0.80). This meta-analysis demonstrates that CC is still first choice therapy for women with therapy naïve PCOS. In CC-resistant women, the combination of CC plus metformin is the preferred treatment option before starting with LOD or FSH. At present, there is no evidence of an improvement in live birth when adding metformin to LOD or FSH. In IVF, metformin leads to a reduced risk of OHSS.

PICO:
P: Subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
I: Metformin
C: Clomifene citrate (CC), Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD), FSH, IVF
O: Live birth rate, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
Title: Progestogen for treating threatened miscarriage.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Miscarriage is a common complication encountered during pregnancy. The role of progesterone in preparing the uterus for the implantation of the embryo and its role in maintaining the pregnancy have been known for a long time. Inadequate secretion of progesterone in early pregnancy has been linked to the aetiology of miscarriage and progesterone supplementation has been used as a treatment for threatened miscarriage to prevent spontaneous pregnancy loss.

PICO:
P: Pregnant women with threatened miscarriage
I: Progestogen supplementation
C: Placebo or no treatment
O: Prevention of spontaneous pregnancy loss
Title: Hormonal contraception among electronic cigarette users and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Women who use combined hormonal contraceptives and cigarettes have an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. We reviewed the literature to determine whether women who use hormonal contraceptives (HC) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) also have an increased risk.

PICO:
P: Women who use hormonal contraceptives and electronic cigarettes
I: Use of hormonal contraceptives and electronic cigarettes
C: Women who use hormonal contraceptives and traditional cigarettes
O: Risk of cardiovascular events
Title: Oral anti-oestrogens and medical adjuncts for subfertility associated with anovulation.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Infertility due to anovulation is a common problem in women. The first line oral treatment is with anti-oestrogens, such as clomiphene citrate. Unfortunately there may be resistance and alternative and adjunctive treatments have been developed. These include tamoxifen, dexamethasone, bromocriptine and aromatase inhibitors (AIs).

PICO:
P: Women with infertility due to anovulation
I: Oral anti-oestrogens and medical adjuncts (clomiphene citrate, tamoxifen, dexamethasone, bromocriptine, aromatase inhibitors)
C: Standard treatment with clomiphene citrate
O: Improvement in subfertility associated with anovulation
Title: Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Acne is a common skin disorder among women. Although no uniform approach to the management of acne exists, combination oral contraceptives (COCs), which contain an estrogen and a progestin, often are prescribed for women.

PICO:
P: Women with acne
I: Combined oral contraceptive pills
C: Placebo or alternative acne treatment
O: Improvement in acne severity, reduction in acne lesions, side effects of COCs
Title: GnRH antagonist versus long agonist protocols in IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis accounting for patient type.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Most reviews of IVF ovarian stimulation protocols have insufficiently accounted for various patient populations, such as ovulatory women, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or women with poor ovarian response, and have included studies in which the agonist or antagonist was not the only variable between the compared study arms.

PICO:
P: Women undergoing IVF treatment, including ovulatory women, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and women with poor ovarian response
I: GnRH antagonist protocol for ovarian stimulation in IVF
C: Long agonist protocol for ovarian stimulation in IVF
O: Comparison of treatment outcomes, including clinical pregnancy rates, live birth rates, and ovarian response, in different patient populations
Title: Conditioned hormonal responses: A systematic review in animals and humans.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

In contrast to classical conditioning of physiological responses such as immune responses and drug effects, only a limited number of studies investigated classical conditioning of endocrine responses. The present paper is the first systematic review that integrates evidence from animal and human trials regarding the possibility to condition the endocrine responses. Twenty-six animal and eight human studies were included in the review. We demonstrated that there is accumulating evidence that classical conditioning processes are able to influence specific endocrine responses, such as cortocosterone/cortisol and insulin, while more limited evidence exists for other hormones. Animal and human studies were generally consistent in their findings; however, the limited number of human studies makes it difficult to generalize and translate the results of animal research to humans. Next to methodological recommendations for future studies, we suggest several ways how classically conditioned endocrine responses can be used in clinical practice.

PICO:
P: Animals and humans
I: Classical conditioning of endocrine responses
C: No specific comparison group mentioned
O: Influence on specific endocrine responses such as cortocosterone/cortisol and insulin, potential clinical applications
Title: Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Preterm birth is a major complication of pregnancy associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. Progesterone for the prevention of preterm labour has been advocated.

PICO:
P: Women considered to be at risk of preterm birth
I: Prenatal administration of progesterone
C: No progesterone or placebo
O: Preventing preterm birth in women at risk, reducing perinatal mortality and morbidity
Title: Progesterone supplementation for preventing preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

The aim of this study is to assess the role of progesterone in preterm birth prevention.

PICO:
P: Pregnant women at risk of preterm birth
I: Progesterone supplementation
C: Placebo or standard care
O: Prevention of preterm birth
Title: Does adjuvant steroid therapy post-Kasai portoenterostomy improve outcome of biliary atresia? Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

The role of adjuvant steroid therapy in the postoperative management of patients with biliary atresia (BA) is unclear.

PICO:
P: Patients with biliary atresia post-Kasai portoenterostomy
I: Adjuvant steroid therapy
C: No adjuvant steroid therapy
O: Improvement in outcome of biliary atresia
Title: Cancer care Ontario guideline recommendations for hormone receptor testing in breast cancer.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Hormone receptor testing (oestrogen and progesterone) in breast cancer at the time of primary diagnosis is used to guide treatment decisions. Accurate and standardised testing methods are critical to ensure the proper classification of the patient's hormone receptor status. Recommendations were developed to improve the quality and accuracy of hormone receptor testing based on a systematic review conducted jointly by the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists and Cancer Care Ontario's Program in Evidence-Based Care. Evidence-based recommendations were formulated to set standards for optimising immunohistochemistry in assessing hormone receptor status, as well as assuring quality and proficiency between and within laboratories. A formal external review was conducted to validate the relevance of these recommendations. It is anticipated that widespread adoption of these guidelines will further improve the accuracy of hormone receptor testing in Canada.

PICO:
P: Patients with breast cancer undergoing hormone receptor testing at the time of primary diagnosis
I: Implementation of Cancer Care Ontario guideline recommendations for hormone receptor testing
C: Standard hormone receptor testing methods without following the guidelines
O: Improved accuracy and quality of hormone receptor testing in breast cancer patients
Title: The effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Androgenetic alopecia, or male pattern hair loss, is a hair loss disorder mediated by dihydrotestosterone, the potent form of testosterone. Currently, minoxidil and finasteride are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, and HairMax LaserComb, which is FDA-cleared, are the only treatments recognized by the FDA as treatments of androgenetic alopecia.

PICO:
P: Patients with androgenetic alopecia
I: Treatment with minoxidil, finasteride, or HairMax LaserComb
C: Placebo or alternative treatments
O: Effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia
Title: Effectiveness of Insulin Analogs Compared with Human Insulins in Pregnant Women with Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Diabetes during pregnancy has been linked to unfavorable maternal-fetal outcomes. Human insulins are the first drug of choice because of the proven safety in their use. However, there are still questions about the use of insulin analogs during pregnancy. The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of insulin analogs compared with human insulin in the treatment of pregnant women with diabetes through a systematic review with meta-analysis. The search comprised the period since the inception of each database until July 2017, and the following databases were used: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, LILACS, Scopus, SIGLE and Google Scholar. We have selected 29 original articles: 11 were randomized clinical trials and 18 were observational studies. We have explored data from 6,382 participants. All of the articles were classified as having an intermediate to high risk of bias. The variable that showed favorable results for the use of insulin analogs was gestational age, with a mean difference of - 0.26 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.49; 

PICO:
P: Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus
I: Insulin analogs
C: Human insulins
O: Effectiveness in terms of gestational age
Title: Effectiveness of medical treatment for Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

To systematically review the effectiveness of medical treatment for Cushing's syndrome in clinical practice, regarding cortisol secretion, clinical symptom improvement, and quality of life. To assess the occurrence of side effects of these medical therapies.

PICO:
P: Patients with Cushing's syndrome
I: Medical treatment for Cushing's syndrome
C: Placebo or alternative treatment
O: Cortisol secretion, clinical symptom improvement, quality of life, occurrence of side effects
Title: Sequential therapy of abiraterone and enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prognostic value of sequential of abiraterone (ABI) and enzalutamide (ENZ) therapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

PICO:
P: Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer
I: Sequential therapy of abiraterone and enzalutamide
C: No specific comparison group mentioned in the abstract
O: Prognostic value of sequential abiraterone and enzalutamide therapy
Title: Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on left ventricular mass in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are used widely in treatment of heart failure, but their effects on cardiovascular complications and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not well known. Thus, we aim to assess such therapeutic effects of MRAs on CKD.

PICO:
P: Chronic kidney disease patients
I: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
C: Placebo or standard care
O: Left ventricular mass
Title: Effect of hormone therapy on the risk of bone fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topic: Hormone Therapy

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hormone therapy (HT) use and the development of bone fractures.

PICO:
P: Postmenopausal women or individuals at risk of bone fractures
I: Hormone therapy (HT) use
C: No hormone therapy or placebo
O: Risk of bone fractures
Title: Metabolic downregulation: a key to successful neuroprotection?
Topic: Hyperthermia

The search for effective neuroprotectants remains frustrating, particularly with regard to specific pharmaceuticals. However, laboratory studies have consistently shown remarkable neuroprotection with 2 nonpharmacological strategies-therapeutic hypothermia and ischemic preconditioning. Recent studies have shown that the mechanism of protection underlying both of these treatments is correlated to downregulation of cellular and tissue metabolism. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying such robust protective effects could lead to appropriate translation at the clinical level. In fact, hypothermia is already being used at many centers to improve neurological outcome from cardiac arrest.

PICO:
P: Patients with neurological conditions requiring neuroprotection
I: Therapeutic hypothermia and ischemic preconditioning
C: Pharmaceutical neuroprotectants
O: Improved neurological outcome, downregulation of cellular and tissue metabolism
Title: Combined use of hyperthermia and radiation therapy for treating locally advanced cervix carcinoma.
Topic: Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures to damage and kill cancer cells. It was introduced into clinical oncology practice several decades ago. Positive clinical results, mostly obtained in single institutions, resulted in clinical implementation albeit in a limited number of cancer centres worldwide. Because large scale randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are lacking, firm conclusions cannot be drawn regarding its definitive role as an adjunct to radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervix carcinoma (LACC).

PICO:
P: Patients with locally advanced cervix carcinoma
I: Combined use of hyperthermia and radiation therapy
C: Radiation therapy alone
O: Effectiveness in treating locally advanced cervix carcinoma
Title: Effects of endovascular and surface cooling on resuscitation in patients with cardiac arrest and a comparison of effectiveness, stability, and safety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Hyperthermia

This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness, stability, and safety of mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) induced by endovascular cooling (EC) and surface cooling (SC) and its effect on ICU, survival rate, and neurological function integrity in adult CA patients.

PICO:
P: Adult patients with cardiac arrest
I: Mild therapeutic hypothermia induced by endovascular cooling (EC) and surface cooling (SC)
C: Comparison of effectiveness, stability, and safety between EC and SC
O: ICU stay, survival rate, neurological function integrity
Title: Prophylactic hypothermia for traumatic brain injury: a quantitative systematic review.
Topic: Hyperthermia

During the past 7 years, considerable new evidence has accumulated supporting the use of prophylactic hypothermia for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies can be divided into 2 broad categories: studies with protocols for cooling for a short, predetermined period (e.g., 24-48 h), and those that cool for longer periods and/or terminate based on the normalization of intracranial pressure (ICP). There have been no systematic reviews of hypothermia for TBI that include this recent new evidence.

PICO:
P: Patients with traumatic brain injury
I: Prophylactic hypothermia
C: Standard care or no hypothermia treatment
O: Effectiveness of prophylactic hypothermia in improving outcomes for traumatic brain injury patients
Title: Effect of hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy on the malignant pleural mesothelioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Hyperthermia

Surgery-based multimodality therapies have been used to control the malignant effusion and its recurrence in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) has been used in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, but the results were controversial. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of HITHOC on MPM therapy. After thorough searching of online databases, total 21 articles were included into qualitative systematic review and 5 of them were used to conduct qualitative meta-analysis. It was found that most of HITHOC was used in combination of surgical resection including extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication. Patients who received HITHOC had significantly longer median survival length compared to the patients without HITHOC (Hedges's g = 0.384 ± 0.105, 95% CI: 0.178∼0.591, 

PICO:
P: Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma
I: Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) in combination with surgical resection
C: Patients without HITHOC
O: Significantly longer median survival length
Title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of thermal ablation versus surgical nephrectomy for small renal tumours.
Topic: Hyperthermia

A systematic review was undertaken to provide a meta-analysis of clinical trials comparing thermal ablation with surgical nephrectomy for small renal tumours.

PICO:
P: Patients with small renal tumours
I: Thermal ablation
C: Surgical nephrectomy
O: Clinical outcomes and effectiveness of treatment