zifeng-ai/TrialReviewBench huggingface dataset:
Title: Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy.
Topic: Hyperthermia

Cancer is a common disease and radiotherapy is one well-established treatment for some solid tumours. Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBOT) may improve the ability of radiotherapy to kill hypoxic cancer cells, so the administration of radiotherapy while breathing hyperbaric oxygen may result in a reduction in mortality and recurrence.

PICO:
P: Patients with solid tumours undergoing radiotherapy
I: Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBOT) in combination with radiotherapy
C: Radiotherapy alone
O: Reduction in mortality and recurrence rates
Title: Editor's Choice-Effects of targeted temperature management on mortality and neurological outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Hyperthermia

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review, and where applicable meta-analyses, examining the evidence underpinning the use of targeted temperature management following resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

PICO:
P: Patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest
I: Targeted temperature management
C: Standard care or alternative treatment
O: Mortality and neurological outcome
Title: A systematic review of cooling for neuroprotection in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy - are we there yet?
Topic: Hyperthermia

The objective of this study was to systematically review randomized trials assessing therapeutic hypothermia as a treatment for term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

PICO:
P: Term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
I: Therapeutic hypothermia
C: Standard care or placebo
O: Assessment of neuroprotection and treatment efficacy
Title: Radiofrequency thermal ablation versus other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topic: Hyperthermia

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant diseases worldwide. The only possibly curative therapeutic option is surgical resection. Due to impaired liver function and/or anatomical reasons only a low percentage of patients can be treated surgically. For the remainder, several non-surgical treatment approaches have been developed. In addition to percutaneous ethanol injection, transarterial interventions, and several medical interventions, radiofrequency thermal ablation has been investigated in coagulating HCC lesions.

PICO:
P: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
I: Radiofrequency thermal ablation
C: Other interventions for HCC (e.g., surgical resection, percutaneous ethanol injection, transarterial interventions, medical interventions)
O: Efficacy of radiofrequency thermal ablation compared to other interventions for treating HCC
Title: Primary curative surgery and preemptive or adjuvant hyperthermic peritoneal chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients at high risk to develop peritoneal carcinomatosis. A systematic review.
Topic: Hyperthermia

Τo evaluate all available data on the effect of preemptive intervention in patients who have curative surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) and are at high risk to develop peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC).

PICO:
P: Colorectal cancer patients at high risk to develop peritoneal carcinomatosis
I: Primary curative surgery and preemptive or adjuvant hyperthermic peritoneal chemotherapy
C: Standard care or no preemptive intervention
O: Effectiveness in preventing peritoneal carcinomatosis and improving overall survival
Title: The role of a combined regimen with intravesical chemotherapy and hyperthermia in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review.
Topic: Hyperthermia

Due to the suboptimal clinical outcomes of current therapies for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the search for better therapeutic options continues. One option is chemohyperthermia (C-HT): microwave-induced hyperthermia (HT) with intravesical chemotherapy, typically mitomycin C (MMC). During the last 15 yr, the combined regimen has been tested in different clinical settings.

PICO:
P: Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
I: Combined regimen of intravesical chemotherapy and hyperthermia (C-HT)
C: Standard therapies or other treatment modalities
O: Clinical outcomes and efficacy of the combined regimen in managing non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Title: Surgery combined with intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IHIC) for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Topic: Hyperthermia

Adjuvant intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IHIC) is a therapy which combines thermotherapy and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. It is theoretically powerful for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), but is there evident advantage in clinical practice? We need evidence to guide our decision-making.

PICO:
P: Patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC)
I: Surgery combined with intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IHIC)
C: Standard care or surgery alone
O: Clinical outcomes and survival rates
Title: Do thermal agents affect range of movement and mechanical properties in soft tissues? A systematic review.
Topic: Hyperthermia

To examine the effect of thermal agents on the range of movement (ROM) and mechanical properties in soft tissue and to discuss their clinical relevance.

PICO:
P: Patients with soft tissue injuries or conditions affecting range of movement and mechanical properties
I: Thermal agents (e.g., heat therapy, cold therapy)
C: No thermal agent or alternative therapy
O: Changes in range of movement and mechanical properties in soft tissues
Title: Hyperthermia and radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer: a systematic review with conventional and network meta-analyses.
Topic: Hyperthermia

A systematic review with conventional and network meta-analyses (NMA) was conducted to examine the outcomes of loco-regional hyperthermia (HT) with radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy (CT) in locally advanced cervix cancer, IIB-IVA (LACC).

PICO:
P: Patients with locally advanced cervix cancer, IIB-IVA (LACC)
I: Loco-regional hyperthermia (HT) with radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy (CT)
C: Radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy (CT) alone
O: Outcomes of treatment efficacy and safety in locally advanced cervix cancer
Title: Hyperthermia and radiotherapy in the management of head and neck cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Hyperthermia

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the outcome of controlled clinical trials in head and neck cancers (HNCs) using hyperthermia and radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone.

PICO:
P: Patients with head and neck cancers
I: Hyperthermia and radiotherapy
C: Radiotherapy alone
O: Outcome of controlled clinical trials in head and neck cancers using hyperthermia and radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone
Title: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Topic: Hyperthermia

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been the gold-standard treatment for alleviating urinary symptoms and improving urinary flow in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the morbidity of TURP approaches 20%, and less invasive techniques have been developed for treating BPH. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) is an alternative, minimally-invasive treatment that delivers microwave energy to produce coagulation necrosis in prostatic tissue. This is an update of a review last published in 2012.

PICO:
P: Men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
I: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
C: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
O: Alleviating urinary symptoms, improving urinary flow, morbidity rates
Title: Combined use of hyperthermia and radiation therapy for treating locally advanced cervical carcinoma.
Topic: Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures to damage and kill cancer cells. It was introduced into clinical oncology practice several decades ago. Positive clinical results, mostly obtained in single institutions, resulted in clinical implementation albeit in a limited number of cancer centres worldwide. Because large scale randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are lacking, firm conclusions cannot be drawn regarding its definitive role as an adjunct to radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical carcinoma (LACC).

PICO:
P: Patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma
I: Combined use of hyperthermia and radiation therapy
C: Radiation therapy alone
O: Effectiveness in treating locally advanced cervical carcinoma
Title: Cooling for cerebral protection during brain surgery.
Topic: Hyperthermia

The brain is at risk of ischaemia during a variety of neurosurgical procedures, and this can lead to devastating results. Induced hypothermia is the controlled lowering of core body temperature for therapeutic purposes. This remains the current practice during neurosurgery for the prevention or minimization of ischaemic brain injury. Brain surgery may lead to severe complications due to factors such as requirement for brain retraction, vessel occlusion, and intraoperative haemorrhage. Many anaesthesiologists believe that induced hypothermia is indicated to protect the central nervous system during surgery. Although hypothermia is often used during brain surgery, clinical efficacy has not yet been established.

PICO:
P: Patients undergoing brain surgery
I: Induced hypothermia for cerebral protection
C: Standard care without induced hypothermia
O: Reduction in ischaemic brain injury and prevention of severe complications during surgery
Title: Interferons-beta versus glatiramer acetate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Topic: Immunotherapy

Interferons-beta (IFNs-beta) and glatiramer acetate (GA) were the first two disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) approved 20 years ago for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). DMTs' prescription rates as first or switching therapies and their costs have both increased substantially over the past decade. As more DMTs become available, the choice of a specific DMT should reflect the risk/benefit profile, as well as the impact on quality of life. As MS cohorts enrolled in different studies can vary significantly, head-to-head trials are considered the best approach for gaining objective reliable data when two different drugs are compared. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarise available evidence on the comparative effectiveness of IFNs-beta and GA on disease course through the analysis of head-to-head trials.This is an update of the Cochrane review 'Interferons-beta versus glatiramer acetate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis' (first published in the Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 7).

PICO:
P: Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
I: Interferons-beta (IFNs-beta)
C: Glatiramer acetate (GA)
O: Comparative effectiveness on disease course
Title: Survival outcomes and efficacy of autologous CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy in the patient with diagnosed hematological malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Immunotherapy


PICO:
P: Patients with diagnosed hematological malignancies
I: Autologous CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy
C: Standard care or alternative treatments
O: Survival outcomes and efficacy of the therapy
Title: Incidence of Endocrine Dysfunction Following the Use of Different Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Regimens: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Topic: Immunotherapy

If not promptly recognized, endocrine dysfunction can be life threatening. The incidence and risk of developing such adverse events (AEs) following the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) regimens are unknown.

PICO:
P: Patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens
I: Different immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens
C: No specific comparison group mentioned in the abstract
O: Incidence and risk of developing endocrine dysfunction as adverse events
Title: A pooled analysis of 2618 patients treated with trastuzumab beyond progression for advanced breast cancer.
Topic: Immunotherapy

In HER2+ MBC, continuing trastuzumab (T) after the progression during a first-line T-based regimen, represents 1 of the possible strategies, even if few data from randomized trials exist in this setting.

PICO:
P: Patients with HER2+ MBC who have progressed during a first-line trastuzumab-based regimen
I: Continuing trastuzumab treatment beyond progression
C: Standard care or alternative treatment after progression
O: Efficacy and safety outcomes of continuing trastuzumab treatment in advanced breast cancer
Title: Laquinimod for multiple sclerosis.
Topic: Immunotherapy

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated, inflammatory, demyelinating, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system, and it causes major socioeconomic burden for the individual patient and for society. An inflammatory pathology occurs during the early relapsing stage of MS and a neurodegenerative pathology dominates the later progressive stage of the disease. Not all MS patients respond adequately to currently available disease-modifying drugs (DMDs). Alternative MS treatments with new modes of action are required to expand the current options for disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and to aim for freedom from relapses, inflammatory lesions, disability progression and neurodegeneration. Laquinimod has dual properties of immunomodulation and neuroprotection and is a potentially promising new oral DMD in the treatment of relapsing MS.

PICO:
P: Patients with multiple sclerosis
I: Laquinimod treatment
C: Currently available disease-modifying drugs
O: Reduction in relapses, inflammatory lesions, disability progression, and neurodegeneration
Title: Implication of interleukin-2 receptor antibody induction therapy in standard risk renal transplant in the tacrolimus era: a meta-analysis.
Topic: Immunotherapy

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) antagonist has been used as an induction therapy in many centres in calcineurin inhibitor-sparing regimens. Tacrolimus has overwhelmingly replaced cyclosporine in the maintenance immunosuppressive protocols in many transplant centres. The aim of our study and meta-analysis is to explore the effect of IL-2 induction therapy on the rate of rejection and patient and graft survival in standard-risk renal transplant patients with tacrolimus-based maintenance immunotherapy. Secondary aims included assessment of the effect of IL-2 induction therapy on creatinine change and the risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

PICO:
P: Standard-risk renal transplant patients with tacrolimus-based maintenance immunotherapy
I: Interleukin-2 receptor antibody induction therapy
C: No IL-2 induction therapy or alternative induction therapy
O: Rate of rejection, patient and graft survival, creatinine change, risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
Title: Clinical and immunologic responses to active specific cancer vaccines in human colorectal cancer.
Topic: Immunotherapy

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant disease, which, despite some progress, still requires improved therapeutic options. Several clinical studies have used active specific immunotherapy (i.e., vaccination) in colorectal cancer. However, the literature still lacks a comprehensive meta-analysis of this approach in advanced colorectal cancer. We did a systematic review with a meta-analysis of clinical studies to evaluate the objective clinical and immunologic response to active specific immunotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer. We conducted a search of Medline and the Web of Science, manually reviewed the literature, and consulted with experts. Criteria for including studies were colorectal cancer patients, active specific immunotherapy to induce a response directed against cancer or cancer antigens, an evaluable tumor burden (i.e., advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer), and precise classification of the patient, disease, and response. Response rates were assessed according to WHO criteria. Primary end points were the objective clinical response rate and the rate of immunologic responses. The secondary end point was the distribution of immune and clinical responses in relation to the route of vaccination and the type of vaccine. Thirty-two phase I/II studies reporting on 527 patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer met all inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis showed an overall response rate (complete response + partial response) of 0.9% for advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer patients who underwent active specific immunization with a broad variety of substances (e.g., autologous tumor cells, peptide vaccine, dendritic cells, idiotypic antibody, and virus-based vaccine). Humoral immune responses were reported in 59%, and cellular ones were reported in 44% of the cases. Mixed or minor responses and disease stabilization are described in 1.9% and 8.3% of colorectal cancer patients, respectively. Pooled results of clinical trials reveal a very weak clinical response rate of <1% for active specific immunization procedures currently available for advanced colorectal cancer. Immune response induction is described in approximately half the patients.

PICO:
P: Patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer
I: Active specific immunotherapy (vaccination) to induce a response directed against cancer or cancer antigens
C: No specific comparison group mentioned in the abstract
O: Objective clinical response rate, rate of immunologic responses, distribution of immune and clinical responses in relation to the route of vaccination and the type of vaccine
Title: Allergen immunotherapy for IgE-mediated food allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Immunotherapy

The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is developing Guidelines for Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) for IgE-mediated Food Allergy. To inform the development of clinical recommendations, we sought to critically assess evidence on the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of AIT in the management of food allergy.

PICO:
P: Patients with IgE-mediated food allergy
I: Allergen immunotherapy
C: Standard care or placebo
O: Effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of AIT in the management of food allergy
Title: Trastuzumab-containing regimens for metastatic breast cancer.
Topic: Immunotherapy

Patients with breast cancer are classified as having cells that over-express the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (known as HER2-positive) or not (HER2-negative). Typically, patients with HER2-positive disease have a worse prognosis. Trastuzumab is a selective treatment that targets the HER2 pathway. The available evidence supporting trastuzumab regimens mostly relies upon surrogate endpoints and, although the efficacy results seem to support its use, other uncertainties have been raised about its net benefit in relation to transient cardiac toxicity and a long-term increased risk of metastasis to the central nervous system.

PICO:
P: Patients with metastatic breast cancer classified as HER2-positive
I: Trastuzumab-containing regimens
C: Standard care or alternative treatments
O: Efficacy, cardiac toxicity, risk of metastasis to the central nervous system
Title: Interferon in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Topic: Immunotherapy

Recombinant interferons have been shown to suppress both the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of disease activity in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

PICO:
P: Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
I: Recombinant interferons
C: Placebo or alternative treatment
O: Suppression of clinical and MRI measures of disease activity
Title: A systematic review of phase II trials of thalidomide/dexamethasone combination therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
Topic: Immunotherapy

Thalidomide monotherapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) has a response rate of 30%. The combination of thalidomide with dexamethasone (Thal/Dex) is expected to improve responses, but it is unknown if the combination increases the rate of adverse events. Here, we conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating Thal/Dex in relapsed/refractory MM. Twelve studies were included, comprising 451 patients. The response rate (CR and PR) was 46% (95% CI 42-51%). Therapy-related toxicity was comparable to thalidomide monotherapy and included somnolence (26%, 95% CI 22-31%), constipation (37%, 95% CI 32-42%) and peripheral neuropathy (27%, 95% CI 23-32%). Only venous thromboembolism appeared to occur more often with Thal/Dex (5%, 95% CI 3-8%). Thus, using Thal/Dex results in an improved response rate in relapsed/refractory MM, with a toxicity rate comparable to thalidomide monotherapy.

PICO:
P: Patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
I: Thalidomide with dexamethasone combination therapy
C: Thalidomide monotherapy
O: Improved response rate and comparable toxicity rate
Title: Therapeutic efficacy of specific immunotherapy for glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topic: Immunotherapy

Although different immunotherapeutic approaches have been developed for the treatment of glioma, there is a discrepancy between clinical trials limiting their approval as common treatment. So, the current systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess survival and clinical response of specific immunotherapy in patients with glioma. Generally, seven databases were searched to find eligible studies. Controlled clinical trials investigating the efficacy of specific immunotherapy in glioma were found eligible. After data extraction and risk of bias assessment, the data were analyzed based on the level of heterogeneity. Overall, 25 articles with 2964 patients were included. Generally, mean overall survival did not statistically improve in immunotherapy [median difference=1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.16-3.17; p=0.08]; however, it was 11.16 months higher in passive immunotherapy (95% CI=5.69-16.64; p<0.0001). One-year overall survival was significantly higher in immunotherapy groups [hazard ratio (HR)=0.69; 95% CI=0.52-0.92; p=0.01]. As the hazard rate in the immunotherapy approach was 0.83 of the control group, 2-year overall survival was significantly higher in immunotherapy (HR=0.83; 95% CI=0.69-0.99; p=0.04). Three-year overall survival was significantly higher in immunotherapy as well (HR=0.67; 95% CI=0.48-0.92; p=0.01). Overall, median progression-free survival was significantly higher in immunotherapy (standard median difference=0.323; 95% CI=0.110-0.536; p=0.003). However, 1-year progression-free survival was not remarkably different between immunotherapy and control groups (HR=0.94; 95% CI=0.74-1.18; p=0.59). Specific immunotherapy demonstrated remarkable improvement in survival of patients with glioma and could be a considerable choice of treatment in the future. Despite the current promising results, further high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to approve immunotherapeutic approaches as the standard of care and the front-line treatment for glioma.

PICO:
P: Patients with glioma
I: Specific immunotherapy
C: Control group without specific immunotherapy
O: Overall survival, 1-year overall survival, 2-year overall survival, 3-year overall survival, median progression-free survival, 1-year progression-free survival