齒輪螺科

**齒輪螺科**（學名：Tornidae），是玉黍螺目的一個科級海洋腹足綱軟體動物，其物種皆為體型非常細小的有螺厴海螺。此外，Iredale 認為本科亦應包括原來屬於**扁螺科**（Adeorbidae Monterosato, 1884）的物種。

根據 ITIS，現時屬於齒輪螺科的屬，除了齒輪螺屬以外，其他的全屬玻璃螺科（Vitrinellidae Bush, 1897）:61。玻璃螺科過往在 2005 年的分類曾被認為是齒輪螺科的異名，但在 2017 年的分類又再分別出來。

## 形態描述

本科物種皆為微小貝，無色，呈玻璃狀。螺殼扁平，有臍孔，耳狀。殼口傾斜；有螺厴，角質，有偏心核。螺殼有簡單的小螺柱，圓形，外唇尖。

本科物種的身體與鐘螺科的物種不同：其腹足沒有帶狀附肢。齒舌屬於紐舌型。

## 分類

### 2005 年分類

根據 2005 年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，本科可分為以下四個亞科：

* Circulinae Fretter & Graham, 1962
* Torninae Sacco, 1896 (1884)
* Teinostomatinae Cossmann, 1917
* 玻璃螺亞科（Vitrinellinae Bush, 1897）:61

不過後來這些亞科都被視為「另類表達形式」。

這四個亞科所包括的屬如下：

玻璃螺亞科（Vitrinellinae Bush, 1897）

* _Cyclostremiscus_ Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945

Subfamily Circulinae

* _Circulus_ Jeffreys, 1865

Subfamily ?

* _Anticlimax_ Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946
* _Aorotrema_ Schwengel & McGinty, 1942
* _Canimarina_ Aguayo & Borro, 1946
* _Caperella_ Laseron, 1958
* _Circlotoma_ Laseron, 1958
* _Circulter_ Laseron, 1958
* _Cochliolepis_ Stimpson, 1958
* _Discopsis_ de Folin, 1870
* _Discreliotia_ Laseron, 1958
* _Elachorbis_ Iredale, 1914
* _Episcynia_ Mörch, 1875
* 入節螺屬 _Esmeralda_ Pilsbry et Olsson, 1952:137
* _Laciniorbis_ Martens, 1897
* _Lydiphnis_ Melvill, 1906
* _Moeniatoma_ Laseron, 1958
* _Neusas_ Warén & Bouchet, 2001
* _Ovini_ Simone, 2013
* _Panastoma_ Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945
* _Parviturboides_ Pilsbry & McGinty, 1949
* _Peripitoma_ Laseron, 1958
* _Pleuromalaxis_ Pilsbry & McGinty, 1945
* _Ponderinella_ Marshall, 1988
* 齒輪螺屬 _Pseudoliotia_ Tate, 1898:61
* _Pygmaeorota_ Kuroda & Habe, 1952
* _Scissilabra_ Bartsch, 1907
* _Scrupus_ Finlay, 1927
* _Sigaretornus_ Iredale, 1936
* _Solariorbis_ Conrad, 1865
* _Teinostoma_ H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* _Tholostoma_ Laseron, 1958
* _Tornus_ Turton & Kingston, 1830
* _Uzumakiella_ Habe, 1958
* _Vitridomus_ Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945
* 玻璃螺屬 _Vitrinella_ C.B. Adams, 1850
* _Vitrinorbis_ Pilsbry & Olsson, 1952
* _Woodringilla_ Pilsbry & Olsson, 1951

**異名**

* _Adeorbis_ S.V. Wood, 1842: synonym of _Tornus_ Turton & Kingston, 1830
* _Climacia_ Dall, 1903: synonym of _Anticlimax_ Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946
* _Climacina_ Aguayo & Borro, 1946: synonym of _Anticlimax_ Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946
* _Liochrysta_ Laseron, 1958: synonym of _Pseudoliotia_ Tate, 1898
* _Lioprora_ Laseron, 1958: synonym of _Canimarina_ Aguayo & Borro, 1946
* _Miralabrum_ Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945: synonym of _Cyclostremiscus_ Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945
* _Ponocyclus_ Pilsbry, 1953: synonym of _Cyclostremiscus_ Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945
* _Pseudorotella_ P. Fischer, 1857: synonym of _Teinostoma_ H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* _Pygmaerota_ Kuroda & Habe, 1952: synonym of _Pygmaeorota_ Kuroda & Habe, 1954
* _Soyorota_ Habe, 1961: synonym of _Circulus_ Jeffreys, 1865
* _Tinostoma_ P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of _Teinostoma_ H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853

### 2017 年分類

根據 2017 年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，玻璃螺科（Vitrinellidae Bush, 1897）又再被重新設立。截至 2018 年 8 月 12 日 (2018-08-12)，玻璃螺科包括下列三個屬：

* _Cyclostremiscus_ Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945
* 玻璃螺屬 _Vitrinella_ C.B. Adams, 1850

## 參考文獻

* Adam W. & Knudsen J. (1969). _Quelques genres de mollusques prosobranches marins ou peu connus de l'Afrique occidentale_. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 44(27): 1-69
* Backeljau, T. (1986). _Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België [List of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium]._ Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp.
* Vaught, K.C. (1989). _A classification of the living Mollusca_. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
* Rolán E. & Rubio F. 2002. _The family Tornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the East Atlantic._ Resenas Malacologicas 13 (Suplemento), 98 pp. Sociedad Española de Malacología
* Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á.; Warén, A. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.-P. , 編. _Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families_. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany / Ann Arbor, USA: ConchBooks). 2005, **47** (1-2): 397 pp. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
* Rubio, F., Fernandez-Garcés, R. & Rolán, E., 2011. _The family Tornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean and neighboring areas_. Iberus 29(2): 1-230
* Arthur William Baden Powell, _New Zealand Mollusca_, 哈珀柯林斯，Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
* ZipCodeZoo

## 外部連結

* 維基物種上的相關資訊：齒輪螺科