馬尾海藻

**馬尾藻屬**（學名：_Sargassum_），是馬尾藻科的一屬褐藻，現約包括 250 個種。

## 形態

藻體分固著器、莖、葉、氣囊四部分，雌雄同株或異株；成熟時在葉腋長出生殖托。

## 分布

馬尾藻生長於中、低潮間帶的岩石上；廣泛分布於世界上各暖水和溫水海域，中國沿海各地都有分布。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

* 劍形馬尾藻 _Sargassum acinarium_ (Linnaeus, 1753) Setchell, 1933
* 劍形馬尾藻 _Sargassum acinarium var. crassiuscula_ Grunow, 1916
* 角托馬尾藻 _Sargassum aemulum_ Sonder, 1852
* _Sargassum agardhianum_ J.Agardh
* 龍舌蘭馬尾藻 _Sargassum agaviforme_ Tseng et Lu,1994
* _Sargassum albemarlense_ W.R.Taylor
* _Sargassum albermarlense_ Taylor
* _Sargassum alternato-pinnatum_ Yamada, 1942
* _Sargassum amabile_ Yamada, 1942
* 擬狹葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum angustifolioides_ Tseng et Lu,2004
* 狹葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum angustifolium_ (Turner) C. Agardh,1820
* _Sargassum aquifolium_ (Turner) C.Agardh, 1820
* _Sargassum asperifolium_ Hering & G.Martens ex J.Agardh
* 斜基馬尾藻 _Sargassum assimile_ Harvey, 1859
* 棒托馬尾藻 _Sargassum baccularia_ (Martens) C.Agardh, 1824
* 巴林加薩馬尾藻 _Sargassum balingasayense_ Trono, 1994
* 半月礁馬尾藻 _Sargassum banyuejiaoense_ Tseng et Lu, 1996
* 北海馬尾藻 _Sargassum beihaiense_ Tseng et Lu,1999
* _Sargassum bermudense_
* 賓德馬尾藻 _Sargassum binderi_ Sonder ex J. Agardh, 1848
* 雙鋸葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum biserrula_ J. Agardh, 1848
* _Sargassum boryi_ C.Agardh
* 鱗莖馬尾藻 _Sargassum bulbiferum_ Yoshida, 1994
* _Sargassum buxifolium_ (Chauvin) M.J.Wynne
* 細枝馬尾藻 _Sargassum capillare_ Kützing, 1843，景天葉馬尾藻
* 果葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum carpophyllum_ J.Agardh
* 鹿角馬尾藻 _Sargassum cervicorne_ Greville, 1849
* 圍繞馬尾藻 _Sargassum cinctum_ J.Agardh, 1848
* 海蒿子 _Sargassum confusum_ C. Agardh,1824
* _Sargassum coriifolium_ J.Agardh
* 中肋馬尾藻 _Sargassum costatum_ Tseng et Lu,1996
* 厚葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum crassifolium_ J.Agardh
* 皺葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum crispifolium_ Yamada, 1931
* _Sargassum cristaefolium_ C.Agardh
* _Sargassum cymosum_ C.Agardh
* 大洲馬尾藻 _Sargassum dazhouense_ Tseng et Lu, 1997
* 密囊馬尾藻 _Sargassum densicystum_ Tseng et Lu, 1996
* _Sargassum densifolium_ Zanardini, 1858
* _Sargassum dentifolium_ (Turner) C.Agardh
* _Sargassum desfontainesii_ (Turner) C.Agardh
* _Sargassum desvauxii_ (Mertens) C.Agardh
* _Sargassum distichum_ Sonder, 1845
* _Sargassum duplicatum_ J.Agardh
* _Sargassum echinocarpum_ J.Agardh
* 凹頂馬尾藻 _Sargassum emarginatum_ Tseng et Lu, 1978
* 裂開馬尾藻 _Sargassum erumpens_ Tseng et Lu, 1996
* 寬葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum euryphyllum_ (Grunow) Tseng et Lu, 2002
* _Sargassum filifolium_ C.Agardh
* _Sargassum filipendula_ C.Agardh
* _Sargassum fissifolium_ (Mertens) C.Agardh
* _Sargassum flavicans_ (Mertens) C.Ag.
* _Sargassum flavifolium_ Kützing, 1849
* _Sargassum fluitans_ (Børgesen) Børgesen
* 灌木馬尾藻 _Sargassum fruticulosum_ Tseng et Lu,1994
* 擬烏黑馬尾藻 _Sargassum fuliginosoides_ Tseng et Lu, 2000
* 無肋馬尾藻 _Sargassum fulvellum_ (Turner) C.Agardh, 1820
* _Sargassum furcatum_ Kütz.
* _Sargassum fusiforme_ (Harvey) Setchell, 1931
* 加拉帕戈斯馬尾藻 _Sargassum galapagense_ Grunow ex Piccone
* 球芽馬尾藻 _Sargassum gemmiphorum_ Tseng et Lu, 2000
* 粉葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum glaucescens_ J.Agardh, 1848
* 細弱馬尾藻 _Sargassum gracillimum_ Reinbold, 1913
* 草葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum graminifolium_ (Turner) J. Agardh, 1848
* 穀粒馬尾藻 _Sargassum granuliferum_ C.Agardh, 1820
* 廣東馬尾藻 _Sargassum guangdongii_ Tseng et Lu, 1994
* 半葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum hemiphyllum_ (Turner) C.Agardh
* 半葉馬尾藻中國變種 _Sargassum hemiphyllum var. chinense_ (Turn) J. Agardh,1889
* 亨氏馬尾藻 _Sargassum henslowianum_ C.Agardh, 1848
* 赫氏馬尾藻 _Sargassum herklotsii_ Setchell, 1933
* 異囊馬尾藻 _Sargassum heterocystum_ (Kützing) Montagne, 1842
* _Sargassum heterophyllum_ C.Agardh
* 銅藻 _Sargassum horneri_ (Turner) C.Agardh, 1820
* _Sargassum hornschuchii_ C.Agardh
* _Sargassum howeanum_ A.H.S.Lucas, 1935
* 皇路馬尾藻 _Sargassum huangluense_ Tseng et Lu, 1996
* _Sargassum hystrix_ J.Agardh
* 冬青葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum ilicifolium_ (Turner) C.Agardh
* 冬青葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum ilicifolium var. conduplicatum_ Grunow ex Reinbold, 1915
* 粉灰馬尾藻 _Sargassum incanum_ Grunow, 1915
* 全緣馬尾藻 _Sargassum integerrimum_ Tseng et Lu, 2002
* 擬全緣馬尾藻 _Sargassum integrifolioides_ Tseng et Lu, 2000
* 火燒島馬尾藻 _Sargassum kasyotense_ Yamada, 1944
* 軟枝馬尾藻 _Sargassum kuetzingii_ Setchell, 1931
* 古素姆馬尾藻 _Sargassum kushimotense_ Yendo, 1907
* _Sargassum latifolium_ (Turner) C.Agardh
* 松馳馬尾藻 _Sargassum laxifolium_ Tseng et Lu,1987
* 雷州馬尾藻 _Sargassum leizhouense_ Tseng et Lu, 1994
* _Sargassum lendigerum_ (Linnaeus, 1753) C.Agardh
* _Sargassum liebmannii_ J.Agardh
* _Sargassum linearifolium_ (Turner) C.Agardh, 1820
* _Sargassum linifolium_ C.Agardh
* 長果馬尾藻 _Sargassum longicarpum_ Tseng et Lu,2004
* 長囊馬尾藻 _Sargassum longivesiculosum_ Tseng et Lu, 1999
* _Sargassum lophocarpum_ J.Agardh
* 巨囊馬尾藻 _Sargassum megalocystum_ Tseng et Lu,1997
* _Sargassum microphyllum_ S Agardh
* _Sargassum muticum_ (Yendo) Fensholt
* 微囊馬尾藻 _Sargassum myriocystum_ S J.Agardh
* 南沙馬尾藻 _Sargassum nanshaense_ Tseng et Lu, 1996
* 硇洲馬尾藻 _Sargassum naozhouense_ C. K. Tseng & B. Ren Lu
* _Sargassum natans_ (Linnaeus, 1753) Gaillon
* 黑葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum nigrifolioides_ C. K. Tseng & B. Ren Lu
* _Sargassum novae-hollandiae_ S P.C.Silva, 1996
* _Sargassum obovatum_ S Harvey, 1834
* _Sargassum obtusifolium_ J.Agardh, 1848
* 刺托馬尾藻 _Sargassum odontocarpus_ Sonder, 1871
* _Sargassum oligocystum_ Mont.
* _Sargassum pacificum_ Bory, 1828
* _Sargassum palmeri_ Grun.
* 圓錐馬尾藻 _Sargassum paniculatum_ J. Agardh, 1848
* 擬小葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum parvifolioides_ Tseng et Lu, 2002
* 小葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum parvifolium_ (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820
* 小馬尾藻 _Sargassum parvulum_ Tseng et Lu, 2004
* 展枝馬尾藻 _Sargassum patens_ C. Agardh, 1820
* 展枝馬尾藻 _Sargassum patens var. schizophylla_ (Kützing) Yendo, 1907
* 展枝馬尾藻 _Sargassum patens var. rodgersianum_ (Harv.) Grunow, 1915
* 細囊馬尾藻 _Sargassum parvivesiculosum_ Tseng et Lu, 1979
* _Sargassum pfeifferae_ Grunow, 1874
* 葉囊馬尾藻 _Sargassum phyllocystum_ L.
* 球囊馬尾藻 _Sargassum piluliferum_ Turn. C. Agardh, 1820
* 羽葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum pinnatifidum_ Harvey, 1859
* 斜葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum plagiophyllum_ C.Agardh, 1824
* _Sargassum platycarpum_ Mont.
* _Sargassum polyacanthum_ J.Agardh
* _Sargassum polyceratium_ Mont.
* 匍枝馬尾藻 _Sargassum polycystum_ C.gardh, 1824
* _Sargassum polyphyllum_ J.Agardh, 1848
* 多孢馬尾藻 _Sargassum polyporum_ Mont., 1842
* _Sargassum portierianum_ Zanardini, 1858
* 原始馬尾藻 _Sargassum primitivum_ Tseng et Lu, 1995
* _Sargassum pteropleuron_ Grunow, 1868
* 矮小馬尾藻 _Sargassum pumilum_ Tseng et Lu, 2000
* 瓊海馬尾藻 _Sargassum qionghaiense_ Tseng et Lu, 1996
* _Sargassum ramifolium_ Kütz.
* _Sargassum raoulii_ J.D.Hooker & Harvey
* 任氏馬尾藻 _Sargassum ringgoldianum_ Harvey, 1860
* _Sargassum robillardii_ (Grunow) Mattio, Zubia, Loveday, Crochelet, Duong, Payri, Bhagooli & Bolton, 2013
* _Sargassum rostratum_ J.Agardh, 1896
* _Sargassum salicifolium_ Naccari, 1828
* 山德馬尾藻 _Sargassum sandei_ Reinbold, 1913
* 三亞馬尾藻 _Sargassum sanyaense_ Tseng et Lu,1997
* _Sargassum scabripes_ J.Agardh
* _Sargassum serratifolium_ (C.Agardh) C.Agardh
* _Sargassum setifolium_ (Grunow) Setchell
* 山東馬尾藻 _Sargassum shandongense_ Tseng, Zhang et Lu, 2000
* _Sargassum shandongense f. linearium_ Tseng, Zhang et Lu, 2000
* 上川馬尾藻 _Sargassum shangchuanii_ Tseng et Lu, 1994
* 裂葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum siliquastrum_ (Mertens ex Turner) C.Agardh, 1820
* 莢托馬尾藻 _Sargassum siliquosum_ J.Agardh, 1848
* 薛氏馬尾藻 _Sargassum silvae_ Tseng et Lu,1999
* _Sargassum spathulaefolium_ J.Agardh
* 刺葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum spinifex_ C. Agardh, 1824
* _Sargassum spinuligerum_ Sonder
* 粗糙馬尾藻 _Sargassum squarrosum_ Greville,1848
* _Sargassum stenophyllum_ J.Agardh
* _Sargassum stenophyllum_ Mart.
* _Sargassum subrepandum_ (Forssk.) C.Agardh, 1820
* 纖細馬尾藻 _Sargassum subtilissimum_ Tseng et Lu, 1978
* _Sargassum swartzii_ C.Agardh, 1820
* 台灣馬尾藻 _Sargassum taiwanicum_ Tseng et Lu, 1999
* 景天葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum telephifolium_ (Turner) C.Agardh, 1820
* _Sargassum templetonii_ Setchell
* 軟葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum tenerrimum_ J.Agardh, 1848
* 細葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum tenuifolioides_ Tseng et Lu,2002
* _Sargassum tenuifolium_ Yamada, 1942
* 鼠尾藻 _Sargassum thunbergii_ (Montagne ex Roth) O.Kuntze, 1893
* _Sargassum torvum_ J.Agardh
* _Sargassum trichocarpum_ J.Agardh
* _Sargassum turbinarioides_ Grunow
* 陀螺葉馬尾藻 _Sargassum turbinatifolium_ Tseng et Lu, 1979
* 瓦氏馬尾藻 _Sargassum vachellianum_ Greville,1848
* _Sargassum verruculosum_ (Mertens) C.Ag.
* _Sargassum vulgare_ C.Agardh
* 王氏馬尾藻 _Sargassum wangii_ Tseng et Lu, 1998
* 文昌馬尾藻 _Sargassum wenchangense_ Tseng et Lu, 1995
* 圍氏馬尾藻 _Sargassum wightii_ Greville, 1848
* 西沙馬尾藻 _Sargassum xishaense_ Tseng et Lu, 1979
* 鶯歌海馬尾藻 _Sargassum yingehaiense_ Tseng et Lu, 2002
* 永興馬尾藻 _Sargassum yongxingense_ Tseng et Lu,1997

## 著名的種

* 海蒿子
* 羊棲菜
* 銅藻

## 參考文獻