非美调查委员会

**眾議院非美活動調查委員會**（英語：The House Un-American Activities Committee）是美國眾議院的調查委員會。

## 歷史

在 1938 年創立時也稱作戴斯特別委員會，以監察美國納粹地下活動。1945 年 3 月，美國眾議院以 207 票贊成、186 票反對，將其改為常設委員會。該委員會負責調查與共產主義活動有關的嫌疑個人、公共雇員和組織，調查不忠與顛覆行為。

1947 年 12 月 17 日，開始對聯邦政府、武裝部隊和國防訂貨承包商實行「忠誠調查」。其調查對象的範圍甚至擴大到總共有 2,000 多萬美國人受到了不同程度的審查。

1953 年 4 月，開始對美國的大使館藏書目錄進行清查，美國共產黨的威廉・福斯特、記者白勞德、史沫特萊等 75 位的書籍被列為禁書，甚至連著名歷史學家小亞瑟・史列辛格和幽默作家馬克・吐溫的作品也被列入「危險書籍」之列。在此影響下，美國國內城市和學校的圖書館也紛紛查禁甚至焚毀「任何可疑的書籍和雜誌」，據估計約 200 萬冊。

1969 年，眾議院將委員會更名為「眾議院內部安全委員會」。

當眾議院在 1975 年廢除該委員會時，委員會的職能由眾議院司法委員會接任。

委員會反共調查常常與美國參議員約瑟夫・麥卡錫有關。麥卡錫是參議員，並沒有直接參與眾議院委員會活動。麥卡錫是政府行動委員會主席，也是其參議院調查常委主席，不是眾議院的成員。

## 參考資料

## 更多閱讀

* WorldCat 聯合目錄中眾議院非美活動調查委員會的著作或與之相關的著作

### 文檔

* Investigation of un-American propaganda activities in the United States. Hearings before a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives (1938-1944), Volumes 1-17 with Appendices. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） University of Pennsylvania online gateway to Internet Archive and Hathi Trust.
* Schamel, Gharles E. Inventory of records of the Special Committee on Un-American activities, 1938-1944 (the Dies committee). Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C., July 1995.
* Schamel, Gharles E. _Records of the House Un-American Activities committee, 1945-1969, renamed the House Internal Security committee, 1969-1976._ Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C., July 1995.
* Ship, Reuben. From the Archives: The Investigator (1954): A Radio Play by Reuben Ship. The Journal for MultiMedia History. 2000, **3** [2015-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於 2020-09-17）.

### 圖書

* Bentley, Eric (編). Thirty Years of Treason: Excerpts from Hearings Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, 1938–1968. Nation Books. 2002 [1971, Viking Press]. ISBN 1-56025-368-1.
* Buckley, William F. The Committee and Its Critics; a Calm Review of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Putnam Books. 1962.
* Chambers, Whittaker. Witness. Random House. 1952. ISBN 0-89526-571-0.
* Donner, Frank J. The Un-Americans. Ballantine Books. 1967.
* Gladchuk, John Joseph. Hollywood and Anticommunism: HUAC and the Evolution of the Red Menace, 1935-1950. Routledge. 2006. ISBN 0-415-95568-8.
* Goodman, Walter. The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Farrar Straus & Giroux. 1968. ISBN 0-374-12688-7.
* Newton, Michael. The Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi: a history. McFarland. 2010 [2015-03-14]. ISBN978-0-7864-4653-7. （原始內容存檔於 2020-08-03）.
* O'Reilly, Kenneth. Hoover and the Unamericans: The FBI, HUAC, and the Red Menace. Temple University Press. 1983. ISBN 0-87722-301-7.
* Schmidt, Regin. Red Scare: FBI and the Origins of Anticommunism in the United States, 1919–1943. Museum Tusculanum Press. 2000. ISBN 9788772895819.
* U.S. 86th Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities, Facts on Communism - Volume I, The Communist Ideology, 75 Stat. 965, House Document No. 336 (Internet Archive - Archive.org), December 1959: 166 [6 October 2013], OCLC 630998985
* U.S. 87th Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities, Facts on Communism - Volume II, The Soviet Union, from Lenin to Khrushchev, 75 Stat. 961, House Document No. 139 (Internet Archive - Archive.org), December 1960: 408 [6 October 2013], OCLC 80262328

### 檔案

* Bogart, Humphrey. I am no communist. Photoplay. March 1948 [28 August 2013]. （原始內容存檔於 2020-11-24）.
* "Operation Abolition", Time Magazine, March 17, 1961 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Seidel, Robert W. The National Laboratories and the Atomic Energy Commission in the Early Cold War. Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences. 2001, **32** (1): 145–162. doi:10.1525/hsps.2001.32.1.145.

## 外部連結

* History.House.gov HUAC - permanent standing House Committee on Un-American Activities
* History.House.gov HUAC - 1948 Alger Hiss–Whittaker Chambers hearing before HUAC
* Un-American Activities Committee The Spartacus Educational website, UK
* House Unamerican Activities Committee (HUAC) Collection: Pamphlets collected by HUAC, many of which the committee deemed "un-American." (4,000 pamphlets). From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）