露螽亚科

**露螽亞科**（學名：Phaneropterinae）是螽斯科的直翅目昆蟲之下一個亞科，包括 85 個屬、接近 2060 個物種，遍佈全世界。

本亞科的學名源於舊世界物種露螽屬（_Phaneroptera_），因為這個屬的物種的內翅尖端外露（_phanero-_+_ptera_）。

## 形態描述

The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly all 直翅目，the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs.

The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal in habitat. The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs. Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike 蝗科，so much so that they seldom come to human notice.

The 產卵管 and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.

## 分類學

露螽亞科是由德意志帝國的動物學家 Hermann Burmeister 於 1838 年建立。截至 2019 年 1 月 (2019-01)，根據《直翅目物種檔案》（Orthoptera Species File）列出本亞科接近 100 個屬可再細分為下列各個族、亞族：

### Acrometopini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Europe, the Middle East, Africa

* _Acrometopa_ Fieber, 1853
* _Altihoratosphaga_ Hemp, Voje, Heller & Hemp, 2010
* _Conchotopoda_ Karsch, 1887
* _Horatosphaga_ Schaum, 1853
* _Lamecosoma_ Ragge, 1960
* _Peronura_ Karsch, 1889
* _Peronurella_ Hemp, 2017
* _Prosphaga_ Ragge, 1960
* _Tenerasphaga_ Hemp, 2017

### Amblycoryphini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa

### Barbitistini

Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia

### Catoptropterigini

Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa

* _Catoptropteryx_ Karsch, 1890
* _Griffinipteryx_ Massa, 2016

### Ducetiini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia

* _Abaxisotima_ Gorochov, 2005
* _Agnapha_ Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* 條螽屬 _Ducetia_ Stål, 1874
* 桑螽屬 _Kuwayamaea_ Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908
* _Noia_ Walker, 1870
* 似條螽屬 _Paraducetia_ Gorochov & Kang, 2002
* _Paragnapha_ Willemse, 1923
* 脊尾螽屬 _Prohimerta_ Hebard, 1922
* 素木螽屬 _Shirakisotima_ Furukawa, 1963
* 擬鼓鳴螽屬 _Subibulbistridulous_ Shi, 2002

### Dysoniini

Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas

### Ectemnini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas

* _Ectemna_ Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* _Euthyrrhachis_ Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

### Elimaeini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia

* _Ectadia_ Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* 掩耳螽屬 _Elimaea_ Stål, 1874
* 半掩耳螽 _Hemielimaea_ Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* _Orthelimaea_ Karny, 1926

### Holochlorini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-Pacific

### Insarini

Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas

* _Arethaea_ Stål, 1876
* _Brachyinsara_ Rehn & Hebard, 1914
* _Insara_ Walker, 1869
* _Psilinsara_ Hebard, 1932

### Kevaniellini

Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa

* _Kevaniella_ Chopard, 1954

### Letanini

Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia

* _Himertula_ Uvarov, 1940
* _Letana_ Walker, 1869

### Microcentrini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas

### Mirolliini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia

* _Amirollia_ Ingrisch, 2011
* 斜緣螽屬 _Deflorita_ Bolívar, 1906
* _Hemimirollia_ Ingrisch, 2011
* _Hueikaeana_ Ingrisch, 1998
* 奇螽屬 _Mirollia_ Stål, 1873

### Morgeniini

Auth.: Karsch, 1890

* _Mangomaloba_ Sjöstedt, 1902
* _Morgenia_ Karsch, 1890

### Odonturini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsular, Africa, Pacific islands

### Otiaphysini

Auth.: Karsch, 1889

* _Debrona_ Walker, 1870
* _Drepanophyllum_ Karsch, 1890
* _Stenamblyphyllum_ Karsch, 1896
* _Tetraconcha_ Karsch, 1890

### Pardalotini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

* _Pardalota_ Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* _Poecilogramma_ Karsch, 1887

### Percynini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America

* _Percyna_ Grant, 1964
* _Sictuna_ Walker, 1869

### Phaneropterini

Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide

### Phlaurocentrini

Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa

* _Buettneria_ Karsch, 1889
* _Leiodontocercus_ Chopard, 1954
* _Phlaurocentrum_ Karsch, 1889

### Phyllopterini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

### Plagiopleurini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America

* _Diplophyllus_ Saussure, 1859
* _Parableta_ Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* _Plagiopleura_ Stål, 1873

### Plangiopsidini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa

* _Plangiola_ Bolívar, 1906
* _Plangiopsis_ Karsch, 1889

### Poreuomenini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa

* _Cestromoecha_ Karsch, 1893
* _Paraporeuomena_ Massa, 2018
* _Poreuomena_ Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

### Preussiini

Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa

* _Enochletica_ Karsch, 1896
* _Preussia_ Karsch, 1890
* _Weissenbornia_ Karsch, 1888

### Pycnopalpini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South America

### Scudderiini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas

### Steirodontini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America

* _Cnemidophyllum_ Rehn, 1917
* _Emsleyfolium_ Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2016
* _Nicklephyllum_ Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
* _Steirodon_ Serville, 1831
* _Stilpnochlora_ Stål, 1873

### Terpnistrini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka

* _Diogena_ Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* _Gelotopoia_ Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* _Terpnistria_ Stål, 1873
* _Terpnistrioides_ Ragge, 1980
* _Tropidophrys_ Karsch, 1896

### Trigonocoryphini

Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia

* _Cosmozoma_ Karsch, 1889
* _Megotoessa_ Karsch, 1889
* _Trigonocorypha_ Stål, 1873

### Tylopsidini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia

* _Tylopsis_ Fieber, 1853

### Vossiini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, Asia

### Zeuneriini

Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa

* _Gravenreuthia_ Karsch, 1892
* _Zeuneria_ Karsch, 1889

### Genus groups and other _incertae sedis_

Subtribe **Trachyzulphina** Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia

* 棘露螽屬 _Trachyzulpha_ Dohrn, 1892

Genus groups include:

These genera have not been placed in a tribe:

* *

## 參考文獻

## 外部連結

* 維基物種上的相關資訊：露螽亞科