鑽頭螺科

**鑽頭螺科**（學名：Subulinidae），又名**錐蝸牛科**，原是柄眼目瑪瑙螺亞目非洲大蝸牛總科之下的一個小型熱帶會呼吸空氣的蝸牛的科級生物分類單元，是一類陸上肺螺類腹足綱軟體動物。

2017 年 12 月，本科與非洲大蝸牛科（瑪瑙螺科）合併，原屬本科的亞科都成為了瑪瑙螺科的亞科；就只餘下原來的**鑽頭螺亞科**（學名：Subulininae）的物種。

## 分佈

本科物種分佈於全世界。

## 解剖

本科物種的單倍體染色體數量從 26 到 35 不等，詳見 Barker (2001)。

## 分類

### 2005 年分類

根據 2005 年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 \_》的彎尿道類非正式群組) (The following unreferenced unchecked genera are probably from Schileyko (1999))，本科包括以下各個亞科：

* 鑽頭螺亞科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
* Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907，異名：Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916; Pyrgininae Germain, 1916
* Glessulinae Godwin-Austen, 1920
* 鑽螺亞科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931
* Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999
* Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999
* Rumininae Wenz, 1923
* Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877 - synonym: Obeliscinae Thiele, 1931

#### 屬

各亞科所包括的屬如下：

鑽頭螺亞科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877

* _Abaconia_ Clench, 1938
* 錐蝸牛屬 _Allopeas_ H. B. Baker, 1935
* _Beckianum_ Baker, 1961
* _Curvella_ Chaper, 1885
* _Dysopeas_ Baker, 1927
* _Euonyma_ Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896
* _Hypolysia_ Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901
* _Lamellaxis_ Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882
* _Leptopeas_ Baker, 1927
* _Leptinaria_ Beck, 1837
* _Luntia_ Smith, 1898
* _Micropeas_ Connolly, 1923
* _Neoglessula_ Pilsbry, 1909
* _Paropeas_ Pilsbry, 1906
* _Pelatrinia_ Pilsbry, 1907
* _Prosopeas_ Mörch, 1876
* _Pseudoglessula_ Boettger, 1892
* _Pseudopeas_ Putzeys, 1899
* _Striosubulina_ Thiele, 1933
* _Vegrandinia_ Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013
* _Subulina_ Beck, 1837 - type genus of the family Subulinidae
* _Zootecus_ Westerlund, 1887

Coeliaxinae

* _Coeliaxis_ H. Adams & Angas, 1865 - type genus of the subfamily Coeliaxinae
* _Cryptelasmus_ Pilsbry, 1907
* _Ischnocion_ Pilsbry, 1907
* _Nannobeliscus_ Weyrauch, 1967
* _Neosubulina_ Smith, 1898
* _Pseudobalea_ Shuttleworth, 1854
* _Pyrgina_ Greef, 1882
* _Thomea_ Girard, 1893

Glessulinae

* _Glessula_ Martens, 1860 - type genus of the subfamily Glessulinae

鑽螺亞科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931

* _Eremopeas_ Pilsbry, 1906
* 鑽螺屬 _Opeas_ Albers, 1850 - type genus of the subfamily Opeatinae

Petriolinae

* _Bocageia_ Girard, 1893
* _Ceras_ Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901
* _Chilonopsis_ Fischer de Waldheim, 1848
* _Cleostyla_ Dall, 1896
* _Comoropeas_ Pilsbry, 1906
* _Dictyoglessula_ Pilsbry, 1919
* _Homorus_ Albers, 1850
* _Ischnoglessula_ Pilsbry, 1919
* _Itiopiana_ Preston, 1910
* _Kempioconcha_ Preston, 1913
* _Liobocageia_ Pilsbry, 1919
* _Mabilliella_ Ancey, 1886
* _Notapalinus_ Connolly, 1923
* _Nothapalus_ von Martens, 1897
* _Oleata_ Ortiz de Zarate, 1959
* _Oreohomorus_ Pilsbry, 1919
* _Petriola_ Dall, 1905 - type genus of the subfamily Petriolinae
* _Subuliniscus_ Pilsbry, 1919
* _Subulona_ Martens, 1889

Rishetiinae

* _Bacillum_ Theobald, 1840
* _Eutomopeas_ Pilsbry, 1946
* _Rishetia_ Godwin-Austen, 1920 - type genus of the subfamily Rishetiinae
* 捲軸螺屬 _Tortaxis_ Pilsbry, 1906

Rumininae

* _Balfouria_ Crosse, 1884
* _Krapfiella_ Preston, 1911
* _Lubricella_ Haas, 1928
* _Namibiella_ Zilch, 1954
* _Obeliscella_ Jousseaume, 1899
* _Riebeckia_ von Martens, 1883
* _Rumina_ Risso, 1826 - type genus of the subfamily Rumininae
* _Xerocerastus_ Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902

Stenogyrinae

* _Chryserpes_ Pilsbry, 1906
* _Cupulella_ Aguayo & Jaume, 1948
* _Dolicholestes_ Pilsbry, 1906
* _Lyobasis_ Pilsbry, 1903
* _Neobeliscus_ Pilsbry, 1896
* _Obeliscus_ Beck, 1837
* _Ochroderma_ Ancey, 1885
* _Ochrodermatina_ Thiele, 1931
* _Ochrodermella_ Pilsbry, 1907
* _Plicaxis_ Sykes, 1903
* _Promoussonius_ Pilsbry, 1906
* _Protobeliscus_ Pilsbry, 1906
* _Pseudocolumna_ Wenz, 1920
* _Rectobelus_ Baker, 1927
* _Rhodea_ Adams, 1855
* _Stenogyra_ Shuttleworth, 1854 - type genus of the subfamily Stenogyrinae
* _Synapterpes_ Pilsbry, 1896
* _Zoniferella_ Pilsbry, 1906

### 2017 年分類

現時本亞科只餘下下列各屬：

* 錐蝸牛屬 _Allopeas_ H. B. Baker, 1935
* _Beckianum_ H. B. Baker, 1961
* _Curvella_ Chaper, 1885
* _Dysopeas_ H. B. Baker, 1927
* _Euonyma_ Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896
* _Fortuna_ Schlickum & Strauch, 1972
* _Hypolysia_ Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901
* _Lamellaxis_ Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882
* _Leptinaria_ H. Beck, 1837
* _Leptopeas_ H. B. Baker, 1927
* _Micropeas_ Connolly, 1923
* _Neoglessula_ Pilsbry, 1909
* _Paropeas_ Pilsbry, 1906
* _Pelatrinia_ Pilsbry, 1907
* _Prosopeas_ Mörch, 1876
* _Pseudoglessula_ O. Boettger, 1892
* _Pseudopeas_ Putzeys, 1899
* _Striosubulina_ Thiele, 1933
* 鑽頭螺屬 _Subulina_ H. Beck, 1837：本亞科的模式屬
* _Vegrandinia_ Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013
* _Zootecus_ Westerlund, 1887

### 物種

下列部分本科物種：

* 錐蝸牛屬 _Allopeas_
  * 錐蝸牛 _Allopeas clavulinum_
  * 大錐蝸牛 _Allopeas gracilis_
  * 細錐蝸牛 _Allopeas pyrgula_
* 鑽螺屬 _Opeas_ Albers, 1850 - type genus of the subfamily Opeatinae
  * 細鑽螺 _Opeas gracile_ (Hutton, 1834)
  * 條紋鑽螺 _Opeas striatissimum_ (Gredler, 1882)
  * 小囊鑽螺
  * 棒形鑽螺
  * 索形鑽螺
  * 四川鑽螺
* 捲軸螺屬
  * 豎捲軸螺
  * 柑捲軸螺
* _Subulina_ 屬
  * 原錐蝸牛 _Subulina octona_

## 參考文獻

## 延伸閱讀

* Schileyko A. A. (1999). "Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs. Part 4 Draparnaudiidae, Caryodidae, Macrocyclidae, Acavidae, Clavatoridae, Dorcasiidae, Sculptariidae, Corillidae, Plectopylidae, Megalobulimidae, Strophocheilidae, Cerionidae, Achatinidae, Subulinidae, Glessulidae, Micractaeonidae, Ferrussaciidae". In: _Ruthenica._, Supplement, **2**(4): 435-564, Moscow, ISSN 0136-0027.

## 外部連結