豪斯顿·张伯伦

**休斯頓・斯圖爾特・張伯倫**（英語：Houston Stewart Chamberlain 1855 年 9 月 9 日 —1927 年 1 月 9 日）德國英國裔政治哲學、自然科學及華格納傳記作家。《牛津國家人物傳記大辭典》中稱他為「種族主義作家」。1908 年，與華格納的女兒結婚。他創作的《十九世紀的基礎》（Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts ）成為二十世紀泛日耳曼主義運動的重要參考文獻，也是後來納粹種族政策的重要文獻來源。

## 延伸閱讀

* Biddiss, Michael (1998), "History as Destiny: Gobineau, H. S. Chamberlain and Spengler," _Transactions of the Royal Historical Society_, Vol. VII, Sixth Series, Cambridge University Press.
* Buruma, Ian (2000) _Anglomania: A European Love Affair_ New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0375705368
* Carr, Jonathan, The Wagner Clan: The Saga of Germany's Most Illustrious and Infamous Family, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press: 409, 2007, ISBN 978-0-87113-975-7
* Domeier, Norman (2015) _The Eulenburg Affair: A Cultural History of Politics in the German Empire_, Rochester: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 9781571139122
* Evans, Richard J. (2005) _The Coming of the Third Reich_, London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0143034693
* Field, Geoffrey G., Evangelist of Race: The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, New York: Columbia University Press: 565, 1981, ISBN 978-0-231-04860-6
* Fraser, David (January 1990) "Houston Stewart Chamberlain Revolutionary or Reactionary?" in _Journal of 20th Century History_, Volume 20, #1, pp. 410–24
* Friedländer, Saul (1998) _Nazi Germany and the Jews: Volume 1: The Years of Persecution 1933–1939_, New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0060928786
* Hadow, Sir W. H., Richard Wagner, London: T. Butterworth, Ltd., 1934
* Hilmes, Oliver, Cosimas Kinder: Triumph und Tragödie der Wagner-Dynastie (Cosima's Children: Triumph and Tragedy of the Wagner Dynasty), Munich, Germany: Siedler Verlag: 319, 2009, ISBN 978-3-88680-899-1 （德語）
* Lobenstein-Reichmann, Anja (2008): _Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Zur textlichen Konstruktion einer Weltanschauung. Eine sprach-, diskurs- und ideologiegeschichtliche Analyse._ (Studia linguistica; Bd. 95). De Gruyter, Berlin: de Gruyter.ISBN 978-3-11-020957-0.
* Lobenstein-Reichmann, Anja (2009): _Houston Stewart Chamberlains Rassentheoretische Geschichts„philosophie「_. In: Werner Bergmann, Ulrich Sieg (Hrsg.): _Antisemitische Geschichtsbilder._ (Antisemitismus. Geschichte und Strukturen: Bd. 5). Essen: Klartext Verlag. p. 139–166. ISBN 978-3-8375-0114-8
* Lobenstein-Reichmann, Anja (2013): _Kulturchauvinismus. Germanisches Christentum. Austilgungsrassismus. Houston Stewart Chamberlain als Leitfigur des deutschnationalen Bürgertums und Stichwortgeber Adolf Hitlers_. In: Hannes Heer (Hrsg.): _Weltanschauung en marche. Die Bayreuther Festspiele und die Juden 1876 bis 1945_. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, p. 169–192. ISBN 978-3-8260-5290-3
* Lobenstein-Reichmann, Anja (2017): _Houston Stewart Chamberlain_. In: Handbuch der völkischen Wissenschaften. Akteure, Netzwerke, Forschungsprogramme. Band 1: Biographien. Hrsg. von Michael Fahlbusch / Ingo Haar / Alexander Pinwinkler. 2. vollständig überarbeitete Auflage. Boston / Berlin: de Gruyter. p. 114-119.
* Mosse, George L. (1968) "Introduction to the 1968 Edition" to Chamberlain, Houston Stewart _The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century_ Vol. I. Lees, John (trans.) New York: Howard Fertig Inc.
* Ossietzky, Carl von (1984) "Anti-Semites" in Kaes, Anton; Jay, Martin; and Dimendberg, Edward (eds.) _The Weimar Republic Sourcebook_. Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 276–80
* Praeger, Ferdinand (1892) _Wagner as I Knew Him_ London: Longman, Green & Co.
* Real, Jéan, The religious conception of race: Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Germanic Christianity, Vermeil, Edmond (編), The Third Reich: Essays on the National-Socialist Movement in Germany, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson: 243–286, 1955, OCLC 753252220
* Redesdale, Lord (1913) "Introduction" to Chamberlain, Houston Stewart _The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century_ (4th English language impression). London.
* Röhl, John (2004) _Wilhelm II: The Kaiser's Personal Monarchy, 1888–1900_. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521819202
* Scholz, Dieter, Ein deutsches Mißverständnis. Richard Wagner zwischen Barrikade und Walhalla, Berlin: Parthas Verlag, 1997, ISBN 978-3932529139
* Shirer, William L. (1985) [1959] _The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich_. Book Club Associates.
* Wette, Wolfram (2006) _The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality_, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 33 ISBN 9780674025776
* Barzun, Jacques (1937), _Race: A Study in Modern Superstition_, Taylor & Francis.
* Kelly, Alfred (1981), _The Descent of Darwin: The Popularization of Darwinism in Germany, 1860–1914_, University of North Carolina Press.
* Mather Jr., F. J. (1915), "Ethnic Darwinism: A New-Old Fallacy," _The Unpopular Review_, Vol. III, No. 5.
* Newman, Ernest (1931), "The Case of Ferdinand Praeger." In _Fact and Fiction about Wagner_, Alfred A. Knopf.
* Parkinson, C. Northcote (1958), "The Theory of Dictatorship." In _Evolution of Political Thought_, Part IV, Chap. 22, Houghton Mifflin Company.
* Redesdale, Lord (1914), "Houston Stewart Chamberlain," _The Edinburgh Review_, Vol. CCXIX, No. 447.
* Snyder, Louis L. (1939), "Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Teutonic Nordicism." In _Race, A History of Modern Ethnic Theories_, Chap. VIII, Longmans, Green and Co.
* Stein, Ludwig (1918), "The Neo-Romantic Movement." In _Philosophical Currents of the Present Day_, Chap. V. The University of Calcutta.
* Williamson, Roger Andrew (1973), _Houston Stewart Chamberlain: A Study of the Man and His Ideas, 1855–1927_, University of California, Santa Barbara.
* Voegelin, Eric (1940), "The Growth of the Race Idea," _The Review of Politics_, Vol. 2, No. 3.
* Voegelin, Eric (1997), _Race and State_, University of Missouri Press.