薊花

**薊屬**（學名：_Cirsium_），屬於菊科，是多年生植物，至少 150 種，分布於北溫帶。其中較多見的為大薊，是蘇格蘭國花。學名 _Cirsium_ 來源於希臘語「kirsos」。

薊屬被某些鱗翅目物種的幼蟲用作食用植物 - 參見以薊屬為食的鱗翅目的列表。 種子對美國金翅雀等小雀科很有吸引力。

大多數物種通常根據農業利益被視為雜草。 翼薊（又名歐洲薊）在美國的 9 個州被列為有害野草 。 為了美觀和 / 或支持授粉者，例如蝴蝶，特別是在花園和野花種植中種植了某些物種。

## 醫學用途

* 止血
* 消腫

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

* _Cirsium acarna_ - Soldier Thistle
* _Cirsium acaule_ - Stemless Thistle, Dwarf Thistle
* _Cirsium altissimum_ - Roadside Thistle, Tall Thistle
* _Cirsium amblylepis_ - Mt. Tamalpais Thistle
* _Cirsium andersonii_ - Anderson's Thistle, Rose Thistle
* _Cirsium andrewsii_ - Franciscan Thistle
* _Cirsium araneans_ - Jeweled Thistle
* _Cirsium arcuum_ - Powderpuff Thistle
* _Cirsium aridum_ - Desert Thistle
* _Cirsium arizonicum_ - Arizona Thistle
* _Cirsium arvense_ - Creeping Thistle, Field Thistle, Canada Thistle

  * _Cirsium arvense_ var. _argenteum_
  * _Cirsium arvense_ var. _integrifolium_
  * _Cirsium arvense_ var. _mite_
  * _Cirsium arvense_ var. _vestitum_
* _Cirsium barnebyi_ - Barneby's Thistle
* _Cirsium brachycephalum_
* _Cirsium brevifolium_ - Palouse Thistle
* _Cirsium brevistylum_ - Clustered Thistle
* _Cirsium calcareum_ - Cainville Thistle
* _Cirsium californicum_ - California Thistle
* _Cirsium callilepis_ - Fringebract Thistle
* _Cirsium campylon_ - Mount Hamilton Thistle
* _Cirsium canescens_ - Platte Thistle, Prairie Thistle
* _Cirsium canovirens_ - Graygreen Thistle
* _Cirsium canum_ - Queen Anne's Thistle
* _Cirsium carolinianum_ - Carolina Thistle, Soft Thistle
* _Cirsium caulescens_
* _Cirsium centaureae_
* _Cirsium chellyense_ - Queen Thistle
* _Cirsium chuskaense_ - Monarch Thistle
* _Cirsium ciliolatum_ - Ashland Thistle
* _Cirsium clavatum_ - Lake Thistle
* _Cirsium clokeyi_ - Charleston Mountain Thistle, Whitespine Thistle
* _Cirsium congdonii_ - Rosette Thistle
* _Cirsium costaricense_
* _Cirsium coulteri_ - Coulter’s Thistle
* _Cirsium crassicaule_ - Slough Thistle
* _Cirsium cymosum_ - Peregrine Thistle
* _Cirsium diacanthum_
* _Cirsium discolor_ - Field Thistle, Pasture Thistle
* _Cirsium dissectum_ - Meadow Thistle
* _Cirsium douglasii_
* _Cirsium drummondii_ - Dwarf Thistle
* _Cirsium durangense_
* _Cirsium eatonii_ - Eaton's Thistle
* _Cirsium edule_ - Edible Thistle
* _Cirsium engelmannii_ - Engelmann Thistle, Engelmann's Thistle
* _Cirsium eriophorum_ - Woolly Thistle
* _Cirsium erisithales_ - Yellow Melancholy Thistle
* _Cirsium esculentum_
* _Cirsium flodmanii_ - Flodman Thistle, Flodman's Thistle
* _Cirsium foliosum_ - Drummond's Thistle, Elk Thistle, Leafy Thistle, Meadow Thistle
* _Cirsium fontinale_ - Fountain Thistle
* _Cirsium gilense_ - Gila Thistle
* _Cirsium grahamii_ - Graham's Thistle
* _Cirsium griseum_ - Gray Thistle
* _Cirsium hallii_ - Hall's Thistle
* _Cirsium helenioides_ - Melancholy Thistle, Common Melancholy Thistle
* _Cirsium heterophyllum_ - Melancholy Thistle
* _Cirsium hillii_ - Hill's Thistle
* _Cirsium hookerianum_ - White Thistle
* _Cirsium horridulum_ - Yellow Thistle
* _Cirsium humboldtense_ - Humboldt County Thistle
* _Cirsium hydrophilum_ - Suisun Thistle
* _Cirsium hypoleucum_
* _Cirsium inornatum_ - Cloudcroft Thistle
* 南國小薊 _Cirsium japonicum_
* _Cirsium kamtschaticum_ - Kamchatka Thistle
* 玉山薊 _Cirsium kawakamii_ - Yushan Thistle
* _Cirsium lanatum_ - Hairy Thistle
* _Cirsium laterifolium_ - Porcupine Thistle
* _Cirsium lecontei_ - Le Conte's Thistle
* _Cirsium leo_
* _Cirsium libanoticum_
* _Cirsium loncholepis_ - LaGraciosa Thistle
* _Cirsium longistylum_ - Longstyle Thistle
* _Cirsium maritimum_
* _Cirsium mendocinum_ - Mendocino Thistle
* _Cirsium mexicanum_ - Mexican Thistle
* _Cirsium modestum_ - Lacy Thistle
* _Cirsium mohavense_ - Mojave Thistle
* _Cirsium murdockii_ - Murdock's Thistle
* _Cirsium muticum_ - Swamp Thistle
* _Cirsium navajoense_ - Navajo Thistle
* _Cirsium neomexicanum_ - Lavender Thistle, New Mexico Thistle
* _Cirsium nipponicum_
* _Cirsium nuttallii_ - Nuttall's Thistle
* _Cirsium occidentale_ -Cobweb Thistle
* _Cirsium ochrocentrum_ - Yellowspine Thistle
* _Cirsium oleraceum_ - Cabbage thistle
* _Cirsium olivescens_ - Summer Thistle
* _Cirsium oreophilum_ - Crow Thistle
* _Cirsium osterhoutii_ - Osterhout's Thistle
* _Cirsium ownbeyi_ - Ownbey's Thistle
* _Cirsium pallidum_ - Pale Thistle
* 沼生垂頭薊 _Cirsium paludigenum_ Y. F. Lu, Z. H. Chen et X. F. Jin
* _Cirsium palustre_ - Marsh thistle, European Swamp Thistle
* _Cirsium parryi_ - Parry's Thistle
* _Cirsium pastoris_ - Snowy Thistle
* _Cirsium peckii_ - Steen Mountain Thistle
* _Cirsium pendulum_
* _Cirsium perplexans_ - Rocky Mountain Thistle
* _Cirsium pitcheri_ - Pitcher's Thistle, Sand Dune Thistle
* _Cirsium praeteriens_ - Palo Alto Thistle, Lost Thistle
* _Cirsium proteanum_ - Red Thistle
* _Cirsium pulcherrimum_ - Wyoming Thistle
* _Cirsium pumilum_ - Pasture Thistle
* _Cirsium pyrenaicum_
* _Cirsium quercetorum_ - Alameda County Thistle
* _Cirsium remotifolium_ - Fewleaf Thistle

  * _Cirsium remotifolium_ var. _remotifolium_ - Fewleaf Thistle
* _Cirsium repandum_ - Sandhill Thistle
* _Cirsium rhaphilepis_
* _Cirsium rhothophilum_ - Surf Thistle
* _Cirsium rivulare_
* _Cirsium rothrockii_ - Rothrock's Thistle
* _Cirsium rusbyi_ - Rusby's Thistle
* _Cirsium rydbergii_ - Rydberg's Thistle
* _Cirsium scabrum_ - Rough Thistle
* _Cirsium scapanolepis_ - Mountain Slope Thistle
* _Cirsium scariosum_ - Meadow Thistle
* _Cirsium scopulorum_ - Mountain Thistle
* _Cirsium segetum_
* _Cirsium serrulatum_
* _Cirsium spinosissimum_
* _Cirsium subniveum_ - Gray Thistle, Jackson Hole Thistle
* _Cirsium tanakae_
* _Cirsium texanum_ - Texas Thistle
* _Cirsium tioganum_ - Stemless Thistle
* _Cirsium tuberosum_ - Tuberous Thistle. 類似於 _Cirsium dissectum_ (Meadow Thistle).
* _Cirsium turneri_ - Cliff Thistle
* _Cirsium undulatum_ - Gray Thistle, Wavy-leaf Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle

  * _Cirsium undulatum_ var. _tracyi_ - Tracy's Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle
  * _Cirsium undulatum_ var. _undulatum_ - Wavyleaf Thistle
* _Cirsium validus_ - Graceful Thistle
* _Cirsium vernale_ - Spring Thistle
* _Cirsium vinaceum_ - Sacramento Mountain Thistle, Sacramento Mountains Thistle
* _Cirsium virginense_ - Virgin Thistle
* _Cirsium virginianum_ - Virginia Thistle
* 翼薊 _Cirsium vulgare_ - Bull Thistle, Spear Thistle, Common Thistle, Fuller's Thistle (異名：_C. lanceolatum_ )
* _Cirsium wheeleri_ - Wheeler's Thistle
* _Cirsium wrightii_ - Wright's Thistle
* _Cirsium yezoense_ (Maxim.) Makino
* 浙江垂頭薊 _Cirsium zhejiangense_ Z. H．Chen et X. Jin

**雜交種**

* _Cirsium × canalense_ - Canal Thistle
* _Cirsium × crassum_ - Thistle
* _Cirsium × erosum_ - Glory Thistle
* _Cirsium × iowense_ - Iowa Thistle
* _Cirsium × vancouverense_ - Vancouver Thistle

## 參考文獻

## 延伸閱讀

[編]

　
: 《欽定古今圖書集成・博物彙編・草木典・薊部》，出自陳夢雷《古今圖書集成》

## 外部連結

* （簡體中文）中國數字植物標本館中的相關內容：薊屬