胡蜂科

**胡蜂科**（**Vespidae**）是膜翅目胡蜂總科下的一個大科，其下有將近五千種生物，既有群居的蜂；也有獨居的蜂。其下的多種生物都是花粉的傳播者。

胡蜂科下的馬蜂亞科（Polistinae）和胡蜂亞科（Vespinae）全部是群居性生物，而蜾蠃亞科、Euparagiinae 和 Masarinae 與之完全相反，全部是獨居生物。只有狹腹胡蜂亞科的生物二者兼具。

馬蜂亞科和胡蜂亞科的生物並不直接取用獵物，而是在將其餵給幼蟲後食用幼蟲排出的含有高胺基酸的液體。

## 下屬分類

本科包括以下屬：

* _Acarepipona_ Giordani Soika, 1985
* _Acutopterocheilus_ Kurzenko, 1988
* _Aethiopicodynerus_ Gusenleitner, 1997
* _Agalaia_
* _Agelaia_ Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836
* _Alastoroides_ Saussure, 1856
* _Alivespa_ Wu et al., 2020
* _Alpha_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Alstor_
* _Ancistrocerus_ Wesmael, 1836
* _Ancystrocerus_ Dalla Torre, 1894
* _Angiopolybia_ Araujo, 1946
* _Anischnogaster_
* _Anthreneida_ White, 1841
* _Apoica_ Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836
* _Archaeovespa_ Wu et al., 2020
* _Asiapterocheilus_ Kurzenko, 1988
* _Asteloeca_ Raw, 1985
* _Atropancistrocerus_ Blüthgen, 1938
* _Baeoprymna_ Cameron, 1912
* _Beta_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Brachygastra_ Perty, 1833
* _Caba_ Ihering, 1904
* _Cesachilus_ Koçak et Kemal, 2010
* _Chalogaster_ Carpenter et Starr, 2000
* _Chartergellus_ Bequaert, 1938
* _Charterginus_ Fox, 1898
* _Chatergellus_
* _Clypearia de_ Saussure, 1854
* _Clypeopolybia_ Brèthes, 1923
* _Covextrocerus_
* _Curiosavespa_
* _Curiosivespa_ Rasnitsyn, 1975
* _Cyanotiphia_ Cameron, 1907
* _Cyrtalabulus_
* _Deuterapoica_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Deuterepipona_ Blüthgen, 1951
* _Didymogastra_ Perty, 1833
* _Dolchivespula_
* 長黃胡蜂屬 _Dolichovespula_ Rohwer, 1916
* _Duckea_ Silveira, 2008
* _Emeryrhynchium_ Gusenleitner, 2007
* _Epicnemius_ Richards, 1973
* _Epipona_ Latreille, 1802
* _Estiella_ Giordani Soika, 1992
* _Eualastor_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Euceramius_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Euleptochilus_ Bluthgen, 1943
* _Eumenes_ Latreille, 1802
* _Eumenidium_
* _Eumontezumia_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Euodynerus_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Eupolybia_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Eurrhynchium_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Eustennogaster_ ，也拼作 _Eustenogaster_
* _Eusynagris_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Extraepipona_ Gusenleitner, 2014
* _Extreuodynerus_ Gusenleitner, 2007
* _Fuscopolistes_ Richards, 1973
* _Ghilarocheilus_ Kurzenko, 1988
* _Gibberrhynchium_ Gusenleitner, 2002
* _Gibbodynerus_ Gusenleitner, 2000
* _Gnatho_ Klug, 1810
* _Gribodiana_ Gusenleitner, 2011
* _Gymnopolybia_ Ducke, 1914
* _Hymenosmithia_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Hypalastoroidwes_
* _Hypodynerus_ Saussure, 1855
* _Icaria de_ Saussure, 1853
* _Icariastrum_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Immutatus_ Gusenleitner, 2011
* _Indodynerus_ Gusenleitner, 2008
* _Ischnogaster_
* _Ischogasteroides_
* _Kalliepipona_ Giordani Soika, 1952
* _Leipomeles_ Möbius, 1856
* _Leptocilus_
* _Leptopolistes_ Blüthgen, 1943
* _Lionotus_ Thomson, 1870
* _Liostenogaster_
* _Marimbonda_ Richards, 1978
* _Masariella_ Brauns, 1905
* _Megacanothopus_
* _Megacanthopus_ Ducke, 1904
* _Megaodynerus_
* _Megapterocheilus_ Bohart, 1940
* _Melissaia_ Shuckard, 1841
* _Metapolybia_ Ducke, 1905
* _Metischnogaster_
* _Micropterocheilus_ Bohart, 1940
* _Mischocyttarius_
* _Mischocyttarus_ Saussure, 1853
* _Mischocyttarys_
* _Mischocyytarus_
* _Monacanthocnemis_ Ducke, 1905
* _Monerebia_ Saussure, 1852
* _Monoplomerus_ Blüthgen, 1941
* _Myrapetra_ White, 1841
* _Myraptera_ Curtis, 1844
* _Nectarina_ Shuckard, 1840
* _Nectarinella_ Bequaert, 1938
* _Neodiscoelius_ Stange, 1979
* _Neopterocheilus_ Kurzenko, 1988
* _Nicastrocerus_
* _Norteumenes_ Gusenleitner et Gusenleitner, 2013
* _Nygmopolistes_ Richards, 1973
* _Odnyerus_
* _Odynerus_ Latreille, 1802
* _Okinawepipona_ Nguyen, Nguyen et Bozdoğan, 2018
* _Onchopterocheilus_ Bohart, 1940
* _Onerarius_ Richards, 1973
* _Orientalicesa_ Koçak et Kemal, 2010
* _Pachyodynerus_
* _Palaeopolistes_ Perrard et Carpenter, 2014
* _Palaeopolybia_ Antropov, 2014
* 古黃蜂屬 _Palaeovespa_ Cockerell, 1906
* _Palisotius_ Richards, 1973
* _Paraceramius_ Saussure, 1855
* _Parachartergus_ R.von Ihering, 1904
* _Paraicaria_ Gribodo, 1892
* _Parapolybia_ Saussure, 1854
* _Pararhaphidoglossa_ von Schulthess, 1910
* _Parastalor_ Blöthgen, 1939
* _Parasymmorphus_ Gumming & van der Vecht, 1986
* _Paratropancistrocerus_ Blüthgen, 1938
* _Paravespa_ Bell, 1936
* 側狹腹胡蜂屬 _Parischnogaster_ Schulthess, 1914
* _Polistarchus_ Richards, 1973
* _Polistoides_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Polistoides_ Reemer
* _Polistratus_ Cameron, 1906
* _Polybia_ Richards, 1978
* _Polybioides_ Buysson, 1913
* _Priorparagia_ Brothers et Rasnitsyn, 2008
* _Priorvespa_ Carpenter et Rasnitsyn, 1990
* _Protapoica_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Protonectarina_ Ducke, 1910
* _Protopolistes_ Antropov, 2014
* _Protopolybia_ Ducke, 1905
* _Protovespa_ Perrard et Carpenter, 2017
* _Provespa_ Ashmead, 1903
* _Pseudepipona_ Blüthgen, 1938
* _Pseudochartergus_ Ducke, 1905
* _Pseudomicrodyneru_
* _Pseudonortonia_ Giordani Soika, 1936
* _Pseudopolybia de_ Saussure, 1863
* _Pseudopterochilus_ Kostuilev, 1940
* _Pseudpolistes_
* _Psiloglossa_ Dalla Torre, 1894
* _Rethus_
* _Rhaphidoglossa_ Dalla Torre, 1894
* 鈴腹胡蜂屬 _Ropalidia_ Guérin-Méneville, 1831
* _Sarochilus_ Gusenleitner, 1970
* _Saryara_ Kuznetzov, 1923
* _Saussurea_ Silveira, 2008
* _Scytokeraia_ Cooper, 1997
* _Sibyllina_ Westwood, 1868
* _Simplepipona_ Gusenleitner, 2004
* _Smithia_ Saussure, 1855
* _Sphaerancistrocerus_ Antropov, 2014
* _Stelopolybia_ Ducke, 1910
* _Stenancistrocerus_ Blüthgen, 1938
* _Stenochilus_ Giordani Soika, 1987
* _Stenodyneroides_ Giordani Soika, 1940
* _Stenodyneru_
* _Stenogaster_ Guérin, 1831
* _Sybillina_ Dalla Torre, 1894
* _Synoeca de_ Saussure, 1852
* _Synoecoides_ Ducke, 1905
* _Tanyzethus_ Cameron, 1910
* _Tatua_ Saussure, 1854
* _Tetrarthra_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Triarthra_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Trichinothorax_ Carpenter et Day, 1988
* _Trichothorax_ Richards, 1978
* _Ubirodynerus_ Borsato, 1994
* _Vespa_ Linnaeus, 1758
* _Vespula_ Thomson, 1869
* _Wettsteinia_ Dalla Torre, 1904
* _Zetamenes_ Bertoni, 1925
* _Zethoides_ Fox, 1899

## 參考文獻

## 外部連結

* Evolutionary history of social behavior in Vespids
* Stunning photographs of Vespidae (and other insects) in flight （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Vespidae: Potter wasps; vespid wasps; social wasps; hornets; paper wasps; yellowjackets （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）