耳螺

**耳螺科**（學名：Ellobiidae），亦作**耳蝸牛科**，是腹足綱耳螺總科（學名：Ellobioidea）之下的一個科。耳螺科物種體型細小，皆可呼吸空氣。舊屬原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺總科，之後耳螺科改屬耳螺總科:6。2005 年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，整個耳螺總科仍被歸到基眼類非正式群組。在 2017 年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，耳螺科聯同另外兩個科共同組成耳螺目。

## 型態描述

本科物種螺殻的一大特徵，除了其耳狀的螺殻外，還有其鋸齒狀的殻口。

## 分佈及棲息地

本科物種遍佈全世界，但仍主要集中於印度洋 - 西太平洋海域。部分物種嗜鹽，常棲息在河口半淡鹹水域或紅樹林的高潮區、鹽沼地等範圍。儘管本科物種可呼吸空氣，而事實上在熱帶亦有部分物種可完全營陸生，但其餘物種仍不時要返回海水裡，所以 WoRMS 指本科物種的棲息環境同時包括海洋、鹹淡水交界及陸生。

## 系統分類

### 屬

截至 2018 年 8 月 28 日 (2018-08-28)，WoRMS 紀錄本科包括以下各個亞科與屬：

* 罌粟蝸牛亞科 Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830
  * 小罌粟蝸牛屬 _Carychiella_ Strauch, 1977
  * Genus _Carychiopsis_ Sandberger, 1872 †
  * 罌粟蝸牛屬 _Carychium_ O.F. Müller, 1773
    * == _Auricella_ Jurine, 1817
    * == _Auriculina_ Moquin-Tandon, 1856
    * == _Saraphia_ Risso, 1826
  * Genus _Koreozospeum_ Jochum & Prozorova, 2015
  * Genus _Protocarychium_ Pan, 1982 †
  * Genus _Zospeum_ Bourguignat, 1856
    * == _Speozoum_ Hamann, 1896
* 耳螺亞科 Ellobiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)
  * _Auriculinella_ Tausch, 1886
    * == _Leuconia_ Gray, 1840
    * == _Leucopepla_ Peile, 1926
  * _Blauneria_ Shuttleworth, 1854
  * 耳螺屬 _Ellobium_ Röding, 1798
    * == _Auricula_ Lamarck, 1799
    * == _Auriculina_ Kobelt, 1898
    * == _Auriculodes_ Strand, 1928
    * == _Auriculus_ Montfort, 1810
    * == _Autonoe_ Guppy, 1868
    * == _Autonoella_ Wenz, 1947
    * == _Geovula_ Swainson, 1840
  * Genus _Leucophytia_ Winckworth, 1949
  * Genus _Stolidomopsis_ Sandberger, 1875 †
* 尖耳螺亞科 Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850)
  * Genus _Detracia_ Gray, 1840
  * 尖耳螺屬 _Melampus_ Montfort, 1810：嗜鹽。
    * == _Conovulus_ Lamarck, 1816
    * == _Pira_ H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
    * == _Tifata_ H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
  * Genus _Tralia_ Gray, 1840
* 趾蝸牛亞科 Pedipedinae
  * 趾蝸牛屬 _Pedipes_ Férussac, 1821
* 扁耳螺亞科 Pythiinae Odhner, 1925
  * 異耳螺屬 _Allochroa_ Ancey, 1887：嗜鹽。
  * 金耳螺屬 _Auriculastra_ Martens, 1880：嗜鹽。
    * == _Cylindrotis_ Möllendorff, 1895
  * 冠耳螺屬 _Cassidula_ Férussac, 1821：又名鼬耳螺屬，嗜鹽。
    * == _Cassidulella_ ！Thiele, 1934
    * == _Cassidulina_ Thiele, 1931
    * == _Rhodostoma_ Swainson, 1840
  * 肋耳螺屬 _Laemodonta_ Philippi, 1846
  * _Myosotella_ Monterosato, 1906：嗜鹽。
  * 皺耳螺屬 _Ophicardelus_ Beck, 1838：嗜鹽。
  * _Ovatella_ Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
  * _Pleuroloba_ Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
  * 女教士螺屬 _Pythia_ Röding, 1798：嗜鹽。

**異名：**

```
 » Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name)
 » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
 » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia])
 » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
 » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821
 » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
 » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
 » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling)
 » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
 » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798
```

* * 扁耳螺屬 _Pythia_ Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
    * 花豹耳螺 _Pythia pantherina_ (A. Adams)
    * 厚皮耳螺 _Pythia pachyodon_ Pilsbry et Hirase
* subfamily Zaptychiinae †
* _Zaptychius_ Walcott, 1883 † ：本亞科的模式屬。
* 亞科地位未定
  * Genus _Juramarinula_ Bandel, 1991 †
  * Genus _Leopoldium_ Bandel & Riedel, 1994 †
  * Genus _Melampoides_ Yen, 1951 †
  * Genus _Mesauriculstra_ Yen, 1952 †
  * Genus _Mesochilina_ Yen, 1951 †
  * Genus _Palaeoleuca_ Wenz, 1922 †
  * Genus _Proauriculastra_ Bandel, 1991 †
  * Genus _Pythiopsis_ F. Sandberger, 1870 †
  * Genus _Rhytophorus_ Meek, 1871 †
  * Genus _Semiauricula_ Cossmann, 1889 †
  * Genus _Stolidoma_ Deshayes, 1863 †
  * Genus _Tortacella_ White, 1895 †
  * Genus _Traliopsis_ F. Sandberger, 1870 †

subfamily ?

* _Auriculinella_ Tausch, 1886
* _Auriculodes_ Strand, 1928
* _Blauneria_ Shuttleworth, 1854
* _Creedonia_ Martins, 1996
* _Detracia_ Gray in Turton, 1840
* _Leuconopsis_ Hutton, 1884
* _Marinula_ King & Broderip, 1832
* 微耳螺屬 _Microtralia_ Dall, 1894：嗜鹽。
* _Ophicardelus_ Beck, 1838
* _Ovatella_ Bivona, 1832
* _Pleuroloba_ Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
* _Pseudomelampus_ Pallary, 1900
* _Tralia_ Gray, 1840

**異名：**

* _Alexia_ Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of _Myosotella_ Monterosato, 1906
* _Auricula_ Lamarck, 1799: synonym of _Ellobium_ Röding, 1798
* _Cremnobates_ Swainson, 1855: synonym of _Marinula_ King & Broderip, 1832
* _Jaminia_ T. Brown, 1827: synonym of _Myosotella_ Monterosato, 1906
* _Kochia_ Pallary, 1900: synonym of _Myosotella_ Monterosato, 1906
* _Laimodonta_ H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of _Laemodonta_ Philippi, 1846
* _Leuconia_ Gray, 1840: synonym of _Auriculinella_ Tausch, 1886
* _Leucopepla_ Peile, 1926: synonym of _Auriculinella_ Tausch, 1886
* _Leucophytia_ Winckworth, 1949: synonym of _Auriculinella_ Tausch, 1886
* _Monica_ H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of _Ovatella_ Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
* _Nealexia_ Wenz, 1920: synonym of _Myosotella_ Monterosato, 1906
* _Phytia_: synonym of _Pythia_ Röding, 1798
* _Pira_ H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of _Melampus_ Montfort, 1810
* _Plecotrema_ H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of _Laemodonta_ Philippi, 1846
* _Rangitotoa_ Powell, 1933: synonym of _Microtralia_ Dall, 1894

**Taxonomic note**
:

Genus _Sarnia_ H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia _[H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239_] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of _Siona_ H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of _Siona_ Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)

## 參考文獻

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference

## 外部連結

* 維基物種上的相關資訊：耳螺科
* 耳螺科在 NCBI 的頁面連結