粉蝨

**粉蝨科**（學名：Aleyrodidae）是半翅目粉蝨總科的刺吸式昆蟲，兩性成蟲均有翅，身體及翅上覆有白色蠟粉，此為其科名之由來。全世界共記錄有 3 亞科、166 屬、1631 種。其中約有 46 種是經濟害蟲。

粉蝨成蟲多喜歡產卵在葉背，卵孵化後的第一齡若蟲具有活動能力，往後二、三、四齡若蟲其足、觸角會退化，固著於葉背上。之後成蟲沿著第四齡若蟲呈倒 T 字形之縱、橫胸縫破殼而出。因最後齡期與活潑之成蟲在外部形態截然不同，且與完全變態類昆蟲不食不動之「蛹」大相逕庭，因而有第四齡蛹殼之誤稱，然仍沿用至今。

早期粉蝨分類學者察覺成蟲標本製作較困難，可用特徵少，而蛹殼因為標本採集、製作容易，且經寄主植物的確定可增加鑑定的方便與可信度，所以分類學者皆以第四齡蛹殼為分類特徵，然而粉蝨的蛹殼一般細小且不明顯，在野外或田間採集粉蝨時，不一定都採集得到蛹殼。這種情形在幼嫩的植物上特別明顯，另一方面，粉蝨成蟲相對於蛹殼是較為顯眼易見，但是目前粉蝨成蟲在分類上可用的特徵仍然十分缺乏，尚未有系統地建立，為成蟲方面的鑑定上一大困擾。因此有系統地建立粉蝨成蟲特徵乃迫切需要。

## 下級分類

本科包括以下屬：

* _Acanthaleyrode_
* 類刺粉蝨屬 _Acanthaleyrodes_ Takahashi, 1931
* 長刺粉蝨屬 _Acanthobemisia_ Takahashi, 1935
* 黑粉蝨屬 _Acaudaleyrodes_ Takahashi, 1951
* _Acutaleyrodes_ Takahashi, 1960
* 非洲斑翅粉蝨屬 _Africaleurodes_ Dozier, 1934
* _Africaleyrodes_
* _Agrostaleyrodes_ Ko, 2001
* _Aleurocanthus_
* _Aleurocerus_ Bondar, 1923
* _Aleurochiton_ Tullgreen, 1907
* _Aleuroclava_ Singh, 1931
* _Aleuroctarthrus_ Martin, 2008
* _Aleurocybotus Quaintance & Baker, 1914_
* _Aleurocyperus Ko & Dubey, 2007_
* _Aleurodicus Douglas, 1892_
* _Aleuroduplidens Martin, 1999_
* _Aleuroglandulus Bondar, 1923_
* _Aleuroinanis Martin, 1999_
* _Aleurolobus Quaintance & Baker, 1914_
* _Aleurolonga Mound, 1965_
* _Aleuromarginatus Corbett, 1935_
* _Aleuronudus Hempel, 1922_
* _Aleuropapillatus_ Regu & David, 1993
* _Aleuroparadoxus_ Quaintance & Baker, 1914
* _Aleuroparvus_ Dubey, 2018
* _Aleuroplatus_ Quaintance & Baker, 1914
* _Aleuropleurocelus_ Drews & Sampson, 1956
* _Aleuroporosus_ Corbett, 1935
* _Aleuropositus_ Dubey, 2013
* _Aleuropteridis Mound, 1961_
* _Aleuroputeus Corbett, 1935_
* _Aleurothrixus Quaintance & Baker, 1914_
* _Aleurotithius Quaintance & Baker, 1914_
* _Aleurotrachelus Quaintance & Baker, 1914_
* _Aleurotuba Tremblay & Iaccarino, 1978_
* _Aleurotuberculatus Takahashi, 1932_
* _Aleurotulus Quaintance & Baker, 1914_
* _Aleuroviggianus Iaccarino, 1982_
* _Aleurovitreus Martin, 2005_
* _Aleyrodes Latreille, 1796_
* _Aleyrodicus_
* _Aleyrodiella Dantsig, 1966_
* _Anomaleyrodes Takahashi & Mamet, 1952_
* _Apobemisia Takahashi, 1954_
* _Arachnaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983_
* _Aretsaya Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015_
* _Asialeyrodes Corbett, 1935_
* _Asiothrixus_
* _Asterobemisia Trehan, 1940_
* _Asterochiton Maskell, 1879_
* 澳洲斑翅粉蝨屬 _Australeurodes_ Dubey, 2013
* _Austroaleurodicus_ Tapia, 1970
* _Axacalia_ Danzig, 1969
* _Azuraleurodicus_ Martin, 1999
* _Baetylus_ Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2011
* _Bakerius_ Bondar, 1923
* _Bellitudo_ Russell, 1943
* _Bemisaleyrodes_
* 伯粉蝨屬 _Bemisia_ Quaintance & Baker, 1914
* _Bemisiella Dantsig, 1966_
* _Bernaea Schlee, 1970_
* _Bondaria Sampson & Drews, 1941_
* _Brazzaleyrodes Cohic, 1966_
* _Bulgarialeurodes Corbett, 1936_
* _Burmodicus Chen et al., 2020_
* _Burmoselis Shcherbakov, 2000_
* _Calluneyrodes Zahradnik, 1961_
* _Ceraleurodicus Hempel, 1922_
* _Chitonaleyrodes Martin, 1999_
* _Clodionus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013_
* _Cockerelliella Sundararaj & David, 1992_
* _Cohicaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983_
* _Combesaleyrodes Cohic, 1966_
* _Corbettia Dozier, 1934_
* _Costalimada Martin, 2011_
* _Crenidorsum Russell, 1945_
* _Crescentaleyrodes David & Jesudasan, 1987_
* _Cryptolingula Martin & Carver, 1999_
* _Davidiella Dubey & Sundararaj, 2005_
* _Dialeurodes Cockerell, 1902_
* _Dialeurodicus Cockerell, 1902_
* _Dialeurodoides Quaintance & Baker, 1914_
* _Dialeurolobus Danzig, 1964_
* _Dialeurolonga Dozier, 1928_
* _Dialeuropora Quaintance & Baker, 1917_
* _Dialeurotrachelus Takahashi, 1942_
* _Disiphon Russell, 1993_
* _Distincaleyrodes_
* _Distinctaleyrodes Dubey & Sundararaj, 2006_
* _Dothioia Dumbleton, 1961_
* _Dumbletoniella Jesudasan & David, 1990_
* _Editaaleyrodes David, 2005_
* _Ericaleyrodes Rapisarda, 1986_
* _Eudialeurodicus Quaintance & Baker, 1915_
* _Extensaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983_
* _Fascaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983_
* _Filicaleyrodes Takahashi, 1962_
* _Fippataleyrodes Sundararaj & David, 1992_
* _Gadigaleyrodes Dooley & Gillespie, 2013_
* _Gagudjuia Martin, 1999_
* _Gapenus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013_
* _Gigaleurodes Quaintance & Baker, 1917_
* _Gomenella Dumbleton, 1961_
* _Greeniella David, 1993_
* _Harpaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983_
* _Heidea Schlee, 1970_
* _Hempelia Sampson & Drews, 1941_
* _Hesperaleyrodes Sampson, 1943_
* _Heteraleyrodes Takahashi, 1942_
* _Heterobemisia Takahashi, 1957_
* _Hexaleurodicus Bondar, 1923_
* _Hindaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994_
* _Icfrealeyrodes Dubey & Sundararaj, 2006_
* _Indoaleyrodes David & Subramaniam, 1973_
* _Isaraselis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013_
* _Juglasaleyrodes Cohic, 1966_
* _Juleyrodes Shcherbakov, 2000_
* _Kaieteurodicus Martin, 2008_
* _Kanakarajiella David & Sundararaj, 1993_
* _Keralaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994_
* _Laingiella Corbett, 1926_
* _Lankaleurodes David, 1993_
* _Lecanoideus Quaintance & Baker, 1913_
* _Leonardius Quaintance & Baker, 1913_
* _Leucopogonella Dumbleton, 1961_
* _Lipaleyrodes Takahashi, 1962_
* _Lukotekia Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013_
* _Malayaleyrodes Corbett, 1935_
* _Marginaleyrodes Takahashi, 1961_
* _Massilieurodes Goux, 1939_
* _Metabemisia Takahashi, 1963_
* _Metaleurodicus Quaintance & Baker, 1913_
* _Metaleyrodes Sampson, 1943_
* _Mexicaleyrodes Sampson & Drews, 1941_
* _Milleraleurodes Phillips & Jesudasan, 2013_
* _Milqartis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015_
* _Minutabythus Kaddumi, 2005_
* _Minutaleyrodes Jesudasan & David, 1990_
* _Mixaleyrodes Takahashi, 1936_
* _Mohanasundaramiella David, 2000_
* _Nealeurodicus Hempel, 1923_
* _Nealeyrodes Hempel, 1923_
* _Neoaleurodes Bondar, 1923_
* _Neoaleurolobus Takahashi, 1951_
* _Neoaleurotrachelus Takahashi & Mamet, 1952_
* _Neomaskellia Quaintance & Baker, 1913_
* _Neopealius Takahashi, 1954_
* _Nigrasialeyrodes Martin & Carver, 1999_
* _Nipaleyrodes Takahashi, 1951_
* _Octaleurodicus Hempel, 1922_
* _Odontaleyrodes Takahashi, 1954_
* _Oisedicus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013_
* _Orchamoplatus Russell, 1958_
* _Orientaleyrodes David, 1993_
* _Orstomaleyrodes Cohic, 1966_
* _Paernis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2011_
* _Palaealeurodicus Martin, 2008_
* _Papillipes Bink-Moenen, 1983_
* _Parabemisia Takahashi, 1954_
* _Paraburmoselis Chen et al., 2019_
* _Paraleurolobus Sampson & Drews, 1941_
* _Paraleyrodes Quaintance, 1909_
* _Paulianaleyrodes Cohic, 1967_
* _Pealius Quaintance & Baker, 1914_
* _Pectinaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983_
* _Pentaleyrodes Takahashi, 1937_
* _Peracchius Lima & Racca-Filho, 2005_
* _Plataleyrodes_
* _Pogonaleyrodes Takahashi, 1955_
* _Pseudaleurodicus Hempel, 1922_
* _Pseudaleurolobus Hempel, 1923_
* _Pseudaleuroplatus Martin, 1999_
* _Pseudaleyrodes Hempel, 1923_
* _Pseudcockerelliella Sundararaj, 2007_
* _Pseudosynaleurodicus Gillespie, 2006_
* _Pseudozaphanera Manzari, 2006_
* _Rabdostigma Quaintance & Baker, 1917_
* _Ramsesseus Zahradnik, 1970_
* _Rhachisphora Quaintance & Baker, 1917_
* _Rosanovia Danzig, 1969_
* _Rositaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994_
* _Rovnodicus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015_
* _Rugaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983_
* _Rusostigma Quaintance & Baker, 1917_
* _Russellaleyrodes_
* _Septaleurodicus Sampson, 1943_
* _Septemaleurodes Dubey, 2013_
* _Setaleyrodes Takahashi, 1931_
* _Shanthiniae David, 2000_
* _Shapashe Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015_
* _Simplaleurodes Goux, 1945_
* _Singhiella Sampson, 1943_
* _Singhius Takahashi, 1932_
* _Sinicoselis Drohojowska et al., 2019_
* _Siphoninuns_
* _Siphoninus Silvestri, 1915_
* _Siphonius_
* _Snotra Szwedo & Drohojowska, 2014_
* _Sphericaleyrodes_
* _Stenaleyrodes Takahashi, 1938_
* _Synaleurodicus Solomon, 1935_
* _Taiwanaleyrodes Takahashi, 1932_
* _Tegmaleurodes Martin, 2005_
* _Tetraleurodes Cockerell, 1902_
* _Tetralicia Harrison, 1917_
* _Trialeurodes Cockerell, 1902_
* _Trialeurolonga Martin, 2005_
* _Trichoaleyrodes Takahashi & Mamet, 1952_
* _Tuberaleyrodes Takahashi, 1932_
* _Udamoselis Enderlein, 1909_
* _Uraleyrodes Sampson & Drews, 1941_
* _Vasantharajiella David, 2000_
* _Vasdavidius Russell, 2000_
* _Venezaleurodes Russell, 1967_
* _Viennotaleyrodes Cohic, 1968_
* _Xenaleyrodes Takahashi, 1936_
* _Xenobemisia Takahashi, 1951_
* _Yamis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015_
* _Yleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983_
* _Zaphanera Corbett, 1926_

## 參考文獻