環口螺科

**環口螺科**（學名：Cyclophoridae），又名**山蝸牛科**、**旋風蝸牛科**或**叢螺科**，是一個小型到大型的熱帶陸地蝸牛的系統分類科，而且牠們都有螺厴。根據 2005 年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，牠們都屬於新進腹足類主扭舌類非正式群組的陸地腹足綱軟體動物；在 2017 年的《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，牠們的分類層級不變。

這個包含很多物種的高度多樣性分類單元，現時只包括舊世界和新世界熱帶及亞熱帶的物種。

本科的化石物種歷史最早可以追遡至古近紀，正常腹足綱物種爆發時期。

## 型態描述

The dextral shells are mostly of small and rarely medium size. The form of the shell varies from discoidal to turbinate. 其圓形的 aperture 一般都有修飾：有時會有一個裂口，又或 a constriction. 其最後的 whorl can sometimes be disconnected and then extends strongly from the winding plane. The 螺厴 is generally circular, which can be retracted deeply into the shell. Its form is multispiral and can be calcified or lacking calcareous overlay. The outer layer of the operculum can contain accessory deposits.

軟體的頭部有一個短短的吻部。 The tentacles are round in cross-section, relatively long and taper to the end. The eyes are located at the base of the antenna on flat papillae. The longitudinal muscular foot is not divided. The mantle cavity acts as a lung cavity. 其扭舌型齒舌每列都有七顆舌齒： has seven elements per transverse row. The central row of the radula contains usually five, rarely three or seven teeth.The animals are 雌雄異體.

## 系統分類與系統學

2005 年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》採納了 Wenz (1938) 對當時還是「山蝸牛亞科」的分類方法，將這個亞科分為多個族。
這個分類將 35 個屬 810 個物種分配到下列各個亞科中。部分列出如下：

* 帶管蝸牛亞科 Alycaeinae Blanford, 1864
  * _Incertae sedis_
    * 帶管蝸牛屬 _Alycaeus_ Gray, 1850
    * _Awalycaeus_ Kuroda, 1951
    * 雙邊凹螺屬 _Chamalycaeus_ Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
    * _Dicharax_ Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900
    * 溝螺屬 _Dioryx_ Benson, 1859
    * 後帶管蝸牛屬 _Metalycaeus_ Pilsbry, 1900
    * _Pincerna_ Preston, 1907
* 環口螺亞科 Cyclophorinae Gray, 1847
  * Tribe Caspicyclotini Wenz, 1938
    * _Caspicyclotus_ Forcart, 1935
  * Tribe Cyathopomatini Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
    * _Cyathopoma_ Blanford & Blanford, 1861
    * _Jerdonia_ Blanford & Blanford, 1861
    * _Mychopoma_ Blanford, 1869
    * _Pseudojerdonia_ Kobelt, 1902
  * 環口螺族 Cyclophorini Gray, 1847
    * _Afroditropis_ Bequaert & Clench, 1936
    * _Craspedotropis_ W.T. Blanford, 1864
    * _Crossopoma_ E. von Martens, 1891
    * 環口螺屬 _Cyclophorus_ Montfort, 1810
    * _Cyclosurus_ Morelet, 1881
    * _Ditropopsis_ E.A. Smith, 1897
    * _Elgonocyclus_ Verdcourt, 1982
    * 東洋蝸牛屬 _Japonia_ A.A. Gould, 1859:43-45
    * 兔唇螺屬 _Lagocheilus_ W.T. Blanford, 1864
    * 青山蝸牛屬 _Leptopoma_ L. Pfeiffer, 1847
    * _Leptopomoides_ G. Nevill, 1878
    * _Micraulax_ Theobald, 1876
    * _Montanopoma_ Stanisic, 2010
    * _Myxostoma_ Troschel, 1847
    * _Otopoma_ Gray, 1850
    * _Owengriffithsius_ Emberton, 2002
    * _Papuocyclus_ Ancey, 1895
    * _Pilosphaera_ Y. C. Lee, K. U. Lue & W. L. Wu, 2008
    * _Ptychopoma_ Möllendorff, 1885
    * _Scabrina_ W.T. Blanford, 1863
    * _Theobaldius_ G. Nevill, 1878
  * Tribe Cyclotini Pfeiffer, 1853
    * _Cyclotus_ Swainson, 1840
    * _Opisthoporus_ Benson, 1851
    * _Platyrhaphe_ Möllendorff, 1890
  * Tribe Pterocyclini Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
    * _Millotorbis_ Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965
    * _Pterocyclos_ Benson, 1832
    * _Rhiostoma_ Benson, 1860
    * _Spiraculum_ Pearson, 1833
  * _Incertae sedis_
    * _Pholeoteras_ Sturany, 1904
* _Incertae sedis_
  * _Incertae sedis_
    * _Pseudarinia_ Yen, 1952 †
    * _Ventriculus_ Wenz in Fischer & Wenz, 1914
* Subfamily Spirostomatinae Tielecke, 1940
  * _Incertae sedis_
    * _Spirostoma_ Heude, 1885

2020 年，帶管蝸牛亞科從環口螺科獨立出去，成為了帶管蝸牛科，仍屬環口螺總科。

## 參考文獻

## 外部連結

* 維基物種上的相關資訊：環口螺科