烏心石屬

**含笑屬**（學名：_Michelia_）是木蘭科下的一個屬，為灌木或喬木植物。該屬共有約 50 餘種，分布於亞洲熱帶、亞熱帶及溫帶。屬名 _Michelia_ 為紀念義大利植物學家 Pietro Antonio Micheli（1679-1737）而命名。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

* _Michelia aenea_ Dandy.，原產地為中國和越南，視為 _Michelia foveolata_ Merr. ex Dandy by J. Li (1997) 的異名
* 白蘭 _Michelia × alba_ DC. (syn. _M. longifolia_ Blume). **White Champaca** 或 **White Sandalwood** 是由黃玉蘭（_Michelia champaca_ L.）和山含笑（_Michelia montana_ Blume）自然雜交得到
* 狹葉含笑 _Michelia angustioblonga_ Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
* 苦梓含笑 _Michelia balansae_ (A. DC.) Dandy (基本異名：_Magnolia balansae_ A. DC.)
* 合果木 _Michelia baillonii_ (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep. (基本異名：_Magnolia baillonii_ Pierre)
* _Michelia braianensis_ Gagnep.
* 灰岩含笑 _Michelia calcicola_ C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (視為 _Michelia ingrata_ Chen & Yang by Chen & Nooteboom (1993) 的異名)
* 美毛含笑 _Michelia caloptila_ Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (dubious taxon, according to Chen & Nooteboom (1993))
* 平伐含笑 _Michelia cavaleriei_ Finet & Gagnep.
* 黃玉蘭 _Michelia champaca_ L. **Champak**. 原產地為印度、爪哇島和菲律賓，小喬木或灌木，高及蓬徑 3－6 米，葉革質，翠綠色，達 16 厘米長；花芬芳，橙黃色或乳白色，春季開花，可提取精油用於製作香水
* 樂昌含笑 _Michelia chapensis_ Dandy
* 烏心石 _Michelia compressa_ (Maxim.) Sarg. (基本異名：_Magnolia compressa_ Maxim.)，台灣含笑
* 西疇含笑 _Michelia coriacea_ Chang & Chen
* 紫花含笑 _Michelia crassipes_ Y.-W. Law
* 南亞含笑 _Michelia doltsopa_ Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Large shrubs and trees, growing to 30 meters. Native to the eastern Himalayas and Meghalaya subtropical forests. Varies in form from bushy to narrow and upright. Leathery dark-green leaves, 6 to 17 cm in length. Clusters of creamy white flowers in winter. Growing in popularity as a street tree in coastal California.
* 雅致含笑 _Michelia elegans_ Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (視為 _Michelia cavaleriei_ Finet & Gagnep. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993) 的異名)
* _Michelia elliptilimba_ Chen & Noot. (視為 _Michelia sphaerantha_ C.Y. Wu ex Z.S. Yue by J. Li (1997) 的異名)
* 含笑花 _Michelia figo_ (Lour.) Spreng. (基本異名：_Liriodendron figo_ Lour.) **Banana Shrub**. A slow growing shrub or small tree that can grow up to 5 meters high and nearly as wide. Densely covered with small glossy green leaves. Bears clusters of large, white, sometimes purple-streaked, flowers with a potent, sweet banana scent. **Port Wine** is a variety that bears rose to maroon flowers.
* 素黃含笑 _Michelia flaviflora_ Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
* 多花含笑 _Michelia floribunda_ Finet & Gagnep.
* 金葉含笑 _Michelia foveolata_ Merr. ex Dandy
* 福建含笑 _Michelia fujianensis_ Q.F. Zheng
* 亮葉含笑 _Michelia fulgens_ Dandy (視為 _Michelia foveolata_ Merr. ex Dandy by Gagnepain (1939)) 的異名)
* 棕毛含笑 _Michelia fulva_ Chang & Chen
* _Michelia fuscata_ (Andrews) Blume ex Wall. (基本異名：_Magnolia fuscata_ Andrews; 視為 _Michelia figo_ (Lour.) Spreng. by Baillon (1866))
* 香子含笑 _Michelia gioi_ (A. Chev.) Sima & H. Yu
* 廣東含笑 _Michelia guangdongensis_ Y. H. Yan, Q. W. Zeng & F. W.Xing
* 廣西含笑 _Michelia guangxiensis_ Y.-W. Law & R.-Z. Zhou
* 香子含笑 _Michelia hedyosperma_ Y.-W. Law (視為 _Michelia hypolampra_ Dandy by Chen & Nooteboom (1993) 的異名)
* _Michelia hypolampra_ Dandy
* _Michelia ingrata_ Chen & Yang
* 鼠刺含笑 _Michelia iteophylla_ C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (_Michelia formosana_ (Kaneh.) Masam. & Suzuki because the type is the same; _M. formosana_ in its turn is 視為 _Michelia compressa_ (Maxim.) Sarg. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993) 的異名)
* 西藏含笑 _Michelia kisopa_ Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Native to Meghalaya subtropical forests
* _Michelia koordersiana_ Noot.
* 壯麗含笑 _Michelia lacei_ W.W. Sm.
* 溜葉含笑 _Michelia laevifolia_ Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (視為 _Michelia yunnanensis_ Franch. ex Finet & Gapnep. by Xia & Deng (2002) 的異名)
* _Michelia lanuginosa_ Wall. Native to Meghalaya subtropical forests
* 長柄含笑 _Michelia leveilleana_ Dandy
* 長柄含笑 _Michelia longipetiolata_ C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (視為 _Michelia leveilleana_ Dandy by Chen & Nooteboom (1993) 的異名)
* 長蕊含笑 _Michelia longistamina_ Y.-W. Law (視為 _Michelia martinii_ (H. Lév.) Finet & Gagnep. ex H. Lév. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993) 的異名)
* 長柱含笑 _Michelia longistyla_ Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (視為 _Michelia foveolata_ Merr. ex Dandy; by Chen & Nooteboom (1993))
* 醉香含笑 _Michelia macclurei_ Dandy
* 黃心夜合 _Michelia martinii_ (H. Lév.) Finet & Gagnep. ex H. Lév. (基本異名：_Magnolia martinii_ H. Lév.)
* 屏邊含笑 _Michelia masticata_ Dandy
* 深山含笑 _Michelia maudiae_ Dunn
* 白花含笑 _Michelia mediocris_ Dandy
* _Michelia microtricha_ (視為 _Michelia floribunda_ Finet & Gagnep. by J. Li (1997) 的異名)
* 山含笑 _Michelia montana_ Blume
* _Michelia nilagirica_ Zenker. 產自印度南部。
* 西疇含笑 _Michelia nitida_ B. L. Chen
* 觀光木 _Michelia odora_ (W.Y. Chun) Noot. & Chen (基本異名：_Tsoongiodendron odorum_ W.Y. Chun)
* 馬關含笑 _Michelia opipara_ Chang et B. L. Chen
* 厚果含笑 _Michelia pachycarpa_ Y.-W. Law & R.-Z. Zhou
* 闊瓣含笑 _Michelia platypetala_ Hand.-Mazz. (視為 _Magnolia maudiae_ (Dunn) Figlar (異名：_Michelia maudiae_ Dunn) by Sima (2001) 的變種)
* 多脈含笑 _Michelia polyneura_ C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
* _Michelia punduana_ Hook.f. & Thomson. Native to Meghalaya subtropical forests
* _Michelia rajaniana_ Craib
* _Michelia salicifolia_ A. Agostini
* _Michelia scortechinii_ (King) Dandy (基本異名：_Manglietia scortechinii_ King)
* 台山含笑 _Michelia taishanensis_ Y. H. Tong, X. E. Ye, X. H. Ye &Yu Q. Chen
* 峨眉含笑 _Michelia wilsonii_ Finet & Gagnep. (異名 _M. sinensis_ Hemsl. & E.H. Wilson; based on the same type but published a few weeks later)
* 石碌含笑 _Michelia shiluensis_ W.Y. Chun & Y.-F. Wu
* 野含笑 _Michelia skinneriana_ Dunn (視為含笑花 _Michelia figo_ (Lour.) Spreng. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993) 的異名)
* 球花含笑 _Michelia sphaerantha_ C.Y. Wu ex Z.S. Yue
* _Michelia subulifera_ Dandy
* 川含笑 _Michelia szechuanica_ Dandy (被 Sima 和 Figlar (2001) 視為 _Magnolia ernestii_ Figlar (異名：_Michelia wilsonii_ Finet & Gagnep.) 的亞種)
* 絨葉含笑 _Michelia velutina_ DC.
* 黃花含笑 _Michelia xanthantha_ C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
* 雲南含笑 _Michelia yunnanensis_ Franch. ex Finet & Gapnep.

## 文化意義

在中亞熱帶地區的佛教寺廟中常種植含笑屬樹種用作花供。

## 參考文獻