狄多

**蒂朵**（古希臘語：Διδώ _Dīdō_，拉丁語：Dido）據古希臘和古羅馬史料記載，曾是古迦太基女王，迦太基城的建立者。最使她出名的當屬古羅馬詩人維吉爾在《艾尼亞斯紀》中的記載。艾尼亞斯與蒂朵相愛，但因為要去建立未來的羅馬，不得不離開迦太基，蒂朵心碎自殺。不過根據記載艾尼亞斯與蒂朵相差一百年之久，因此不可能相遇。

## 早期記載

阿庇安《羅馬史》、維吉爾《艾尼亞斯紀》傳說從泰爾逃亡的蒂朵公主以用牛皮量地方式騙得北非突尼西亞土地，建立希臘文為牛皮之意的畢爾莎（βύρσα）。

## 另見

* 《艾尼亞斯紀》

## 注釋

## 部分參考文獻

* H. Akbar Khan, _"Doctissima Dido": Etymology, Hospitality and the Construction of a Civilized Identity_, 2002.
* Elmer Bagby Atwood, _Two Alterations of Virgil in Chaucer’s Dido_, 1938.
* S. Conte, _Dido sine veste_, 2005.
* R. S. Conway, _The Place of Dido in History_, 1920.
* F. Della Corte, _La Iuno-Astarte virgiliana_, 1983.
* G. De Sanctis, _Storia dei Romani_, 1916.
* R.J. Edgeworth, "The Death of Dido." _The Classical Journal_ 72.2 (1977) 129-33.
* M. Fantar, _Carthage, la prestigieuse cité d'Elissa_, 1970.
* L. Foucher, _Les Phéniciens à Carthage ou la geste d'Elissa_, 1978.
* Michael Grant, _Roman Myths_, 1973.
* M. Gras/P. Rouillard/J. Teixidor, _L'univers phénicien_, 1995.
* H.D. Gray, _Did Shakespeare write a tragedy of Dido?_, 1920.
* G. Herm, _Die Phönizier_, 1974.
* T. Kailuweit, _Dido – Didon – Didone. Eine kommentierte Bibliographie zum Dido-Mythos in Literatur und Musik_, 2005.
* R.C. Ketterer, _The perils of Dido: sorcery and melodrama in Vergil’s Aeneid IV and Purcell's Dido and Aeneas_, 1992.
* R.H. Klausen, _Aeneas und die Penaten_, 1839.
* G. Kowalski, _De Didone graeca et latina_, 1929.
* F.N. Lees，《迦太基女王蒂朵和 <暴風雨>》（Dido Queen of Carthage and The Tempest），1964 年。
* J.-Y. Maleuvre, _Contre-Enquête sur la mort de Didon_, 2003.
* J.-Y. Maleuvre, _La mort de Virgile d』après Horace et Ovide_, 1993;
* L. Mangiacapre, _Didone non è morta_, 1990.
* P.E. McLane，《女王之死：斯賓塞的的伊莉莎白女王 —— 蒂朵》（The Death of a Queen: Spencer's Dido as Elizabeth），1954 年。
* O. Meltzer, _Geschichte der Karthager_, 1879.
* A. Michel, _Virgile et la politique impériale: un courtisan ou un philosophe?_, 1971.
* R.C. Monti, _The Dido Episode and the Aeneid: Roman Social and Political Values in the Epic_, 1981.
* S. Moscati, _Chi furono i Fenici. Identità storica e culturale di un popolo protagonista dell'antico mondo mediterraneo_, 1992.
* R. Neuse, _Book VI as Conclusion to The Faerie Queene_, 1968.
* A. Parry, _The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid_, 1963.
* G.K. Paster, _Montaigne, Dido and The Tempest: 「How Came That Widow In?_, 1984.
* B. Schmitz, _Ovide, In Ibin: un oiseau impérial_, 2004;
* E. Stampini, _Alcune osservazioni sulla leggenda di Enea e Didone nella letteratura romana_, 1893.

## 主要資料來源

* Virgil, _Aeneid i.338–368_
* Justinus, _Epitome Historiarum philippicarum Pompei Trogi xviii.4.1–6, 8_

## 外部連結

* **Selected English texts** (_Alternate links found in Wikipedia entries for the respective authors._)
  * Forum Romanum: Justin 18.3f （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (Contains Justin (18.3–6) relating the early story of Elissa in full.)
  * Translation of Virgil's works including the _Aeneid_ by A. S. Kline (See also Virgil and Aeneid.)
  * Ovid's imagined letter from Dido to Aeneas, trans. Miceal F. Vaughan (See also Ovid.)
  * Appian, _The Punic Wars_, chapter 1 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (See also Appian.)
  * Dido, Queen of Carthage （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, original text, modernization, and discussion of Chaucer's _Legend of Dido_
  * _The Tragedy of Dido, Queen of Carthage_, by Christopher Marlowe (and Thomas Nashe?). (See also Christopher Marlowe.)
* **Commentary**
  * Greek Mythology Link: Dido
  * Queen Dido: Didone Liberata （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (Mostly about a new four-act play by Salvatore Conte; it contains also a confutation of the well-known suicide into a subjective vision of Aeneas and his "comites" – 4.664, followed by Dido's catabasis)

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