玛雅潘

**馬雅潘**（猶加敦馬雅語：Màayapáan；西班牙語：Mayapán），是中美洲古代馬雅文明後期中心之一，位於墨西哥猶加敦半島境內，奇琴伊察以西 100 公里，坐標：北緯 20°37′46″，西經 89°27′38″。

1221 年左右，馬雅人發動起義，推翻了奇琴伊察的統治。不久，各個城邦首領召開會議，商議重新建立一個政治中心，將其命名為「馬雅潘」，意為「馬雅人的標準」。Cocom 家族首領被選為馬雅之王，但是其他貴族家族亦派出成員參與政府。

1441 年，阿淑潘領導了反抗 Cocom 家族的起義，攻占馬雅潘，其後該城被洗劫並廢棄。

1950 年代，卡內基基金會資助了一次對馬雅潘的大規模考察，發現了一系列遺蹟，推斷出其規模大約在 1 萬至 1 萬 5 千居民左右。

## 相關條目

* 馬雅文明
* 馬雅遺址列表

## 參考文獻

* Barrera Rubio, Alfredo and Carlos Peraza Lope. (2001) "La Pintura Mural de Mayapán", In _La Pintura Mural Prehispánica en México: Área Maya,_ edited by Leticia Staines Cicero, Beatriz de la Fuentes, project director, pp. 419–446. Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Universidad Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
* Brown, Clifford T. (1999) _Mayapán Society and Ancient Maya Social Organization_. Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, Tulane University.
* Brown, Clifford T. (2006) "Water Sources at Mayapán, Yucatán, México," in _Precolumbian Water Management: Ideology, Ritual, and Power_, edited by Lisa Lucero and Barbara Fash, pp 171–188. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
* Brown, Clifford T. (2005) "Caves, Karst, and Settlement at Mayapán, Yucatán," in _In the Maw of the Earth Monster: Mesoamerican Ritual Cave Use_, edited by James E. Brady and Keith M. Prufer, pp. 373–402. Austin: University of Texas Press (Linda Schele Series in Maya and Pre-Columbian Studies).
* Bullard, William R., Jr. (1952) "Residential Property Walls at Mayapán", in _Current Reports_ No. 3:36–44. Carnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Archaeology, Washington, D.C.
* Bullard, William R., Jr. (1954) Boundary Walls and House Lots at Mayapán. _Current Reports_ No. 13:234–253. Carnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Archaeology, Washington, D.C.
* Delgado Kú, Miguel Angel, (2009) _La Pintura Mural de Mayapán, Yucatán: Una Interpretación Iconográfica_, Tesis profesional, Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas, Universidad Autnoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
* Delgado Kú, Pedro C. (2004) _Estudio de la Arquitectura Pública del Núcleo Principal de Mayapán, Yucatán_, Tesis profesional, Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas, Universidad Autnoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
* Landa, Diego de. (1941) _Relaciones de las Cosas de Yucatán_, Translated by Alfred Tozzer. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 18, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
* Lope, Carlos Peraza, Marilyn A. Masson, Timothy S. Hare, Pedro Candelario Delgado Kú

(2006). "The chronology of Mayapán: new radiocarbon evidence", in _Ancient Mesoamerica_ 17(2):153–175.

* Masson, Marilyn A. (2009) "Appendix: Inventory and Lot Descriptions" Carnegie Institution _Current Reports on Mayapan_. In The Carnegie Maya II: Carnegie Institution of Washington Current Reports, 1952–1957, edited by John Weeks, pp. 553–609. University of Colorado Press, Boulder.
* Marilyn A. Masson, Timothy S. Hare, and Carlos Peraza Lope (2006). "Postclassic Maya Society Regenerated at Mayapán", In _After Collapse: The Regeneration of Complex Societies,_ edited by Glenn M. Schwartz and John J. Nichols, pp. 188–207. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
* Masson, Marilyn A. and Carlos Peraza Lope

2007 Kukulkan/Quetzalcoat, Death God, and Creation Mythology of Burial Shaft Temples at Mayapan. Mexicon 29:77–85.

* Masson, Marilyn A. and Carlos Peraza Lope (2005). "Nuevas Investigaciones en Tres Unidades Residenciales Fuera del Area Monumental de Mayapán", In _Investigadores de La Cultura Maya,_ Tomo II, pp. 411–424. Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Campeche, Mexico.
* Masson, Marilyn A. and Carlos Peraza Lope (2008). "Animal Use at Mayapan", _Quaternary International_, 191:170–183.
* Masson, Marilyn A. and Carlos Peraza Lope (2010). "Evidence for Maya-Mexican Interaction in the Archaeological Record of Mayapan", In _Astronomers, Scribes, and Priests: Intellectual Interchange between the Northern Maya Lowlands and Highland Mexico in the Late Postclassic Period,_ edited by Gabrielle Vail and Christine Hernandez, pp. 77–114. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
* Milbrath, Susan and Carlos Peraza Lope (2003). "Revisting Mayapan: Mexico’s Last Maya Capital", _Ancient Mesoamerica_ 14:1–47.
* Milbrath, Susan and Carlos Peraza Lope

2003b Mayapán’s Scribe: A Link with Classic Maya Artists. Mexicon XXV:120–123.

* Milbrath, Susan., Carlos Peraza Lope

2009 Survival and revival of Terminal Classic traditions at Postclassic Mayapán Latin American antiquity: a journal of the Society for American Archaeology 20(4):581–606.

* Milbrath, Susan, Carlos Peraza Lope, and Miguel Delgado Kú

2010 Religious Imagery in Mayapan’s Murals. The PARI Journal X:1–10.

* Morley, Sylvanus Griswold. _The Ancient Maya_ (4th ed.). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1983.
* Paris, Elizabeth H.

2008 Metallurgy, Mayapan and the Postclassic World System. Ancient Mesoamerica 19:43–66.

* Peraza Lope, Carlos

1998 Mayapán: Ciudad-capital del Postclasico. Arqueología Mexicana :48-53.

* Pollock, Ralph L. Roys, Tatiana Proskouriakoff and A. Ledyard Smith, pp. 165–320. Occasional Publication 619. Carnegie Institution of Washington.
* Proskouriakoff, Tatiana (1962) Civic and religious structures at Mayapán, In 「Introduction,」 in _Mayapán, Yucatan, Mexico_, by Harry E. D. Pollock, Ralph L. Roys, Tatiana Proskouriakoff, and A. L. Smith, pp. 87–164. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication No. 619
* Proskouriakoff, Tatiana and Charles Temple (1955) A Residential Quadrangle – Structures R-85 to R-90. _Current Reports_ 29:289–362. Carnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Archaeology, Washington, D.C.
* Pugh, Timothy

2001 Flood Reptiles, Serpent Temples and the Quadripartite Universe: The Imajo Mundi of Late Postclassic Mayapán. Ancient Mesoamerica 12:247-258.

* Pugh, Timothy W.

2003 A cluster and spatial analysis of ceremonial architecture at Late Postclassic Mayapán Journal of Archaeological Science 30(8):941-953.

* Restall, Matthew

2001 The People of the Patio: Ethnohistoric Evidence of Yucatec Maya Royal Courts. In Royal Courts of the Maya, Volume II, edited by Takeshi Inomata y Stephen D. Houston, pp. 335–390. Westview Press, Boulder.

* Ring, Trudy, ed. 「Mayapan」 in International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume I: Americas. New York: Routledge, 1996.
* Ringle, William M. y George J. Bey III

2001 Post-Classic and Terminal Classic Courts of the Northern Maya Lowlands. En Royal Courts of the Maya, Volume Two: Data and Case Studies, edited by Takeshi Inomata and Stephen D. Houston, pp. 266–307. Westview Press, Boulder.

* Roys, Ralph L. (1962). "Literary Sources for the History of Mayapan", In _Mayapan, Yucatán, Mexico_. Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication No. 619, by Harry E.D. Pollock, Ralph L. Roys, Tatiana Proskouriakoff, and A.L. Smith, pp. 25–86. Washington, D.C.
* Russell, Bradley W. and Bruce H. Dahlin (2007). "Traditional Burnt-Lime Production at Mayapán, Mexico", _Journal of Field Archaeology_ 32:407-423.
* Russell, Bradley W. (2008) _Postclassic Maya Settlement on the Rural Urban Fringe of Mayapán, Yucatán, Mexico_, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University at Albany-SUNY.
* Serafin, Stanley. (2010) _Bioarchaeological Investigation of Violence at Mayapan_, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Tulane University.
* Smith, A. Ledyard (1962) "Residential and Associated Structures at Mayapán", In _Mayapán Yucatan Mexico_, edited by H.E.D.
* Smith, Robert E. (1971) _The Pottery of Mayapan_. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 66. Harvard University, Cambridge.

## 外部連結

* （英文）- _Mayapan Archaeology_ Archive.is 的存檔，存檔日期 2013-04-15
* （英文）Mayapan Photo Essay （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）