泰国鸟类列表

截至 2019 年，**泰國鳥類列表**包括 1076 種鳥類。其中，100 多種是稀有或迷路的，6 種是人類引進的，8 種已經部分滅絕。該國有 72 個物種受到全球威脅。

泰國的鳥類主要是典型的印度馬來亞地區的鳥類，與西邊的印度次大陸有親緣關係，特別是在泰國南部，與東南的巽他動物群有親緣關係。北部山區是青藏高原的外圍，有許多山地鳥類，冬季，來自東部古北區和喜馬拉雅山的移民增加了鳥類群。泰國的生境與鄰國的生境相鄰，這也是泰國特有物種數量少的原因。

1991 年，據估計，有 159 種常住物種和 23 種遷徙物種由於森林砍伐、非法採伐、狩獵和生境退化而處於瀕危或脆弱狀態，特別是在低地。受影響最嚴重的物種是大型水鳥，它們的濕地生境大部分已被農業所取代，還有森林物種，由於為農業和林業而砍伐森林，使部分林地消失和退化。

本列表的分類處理（目、科、種的稱號和順序）和命名法（英文名和學名）為《世界鳥類一覽表》2019 年版。意外、引進、滅絕等稱號，以及 "極度瀕危" 等世界性種群狀況注釋，均來自《世界鳥類一覽表》。沒有標明狀態的物種是常駐或部分常駐的非稀有物種。

## 鴨子、鵝和水鳥

**目**：雁形目   **科**：鴨科

鴨科包括鴨子和大多數鴨類水禽，如鵝和天鵝。這些鳥類適應於水生生存，腳有蹼，喙扁平，羽毛因有油性塗層而善於脫水。

## 雉雞、松雞及其親緣動物

**目**：雞形目   **科**：雉科

雉雞科是由鵪鶉、鷓鴣、雪雞、乳鴿、飛禽、三角雉、單鳥、雉雞、孔雀和叢林雞組成的陸生鳥類。一般來說，它們體型豐滿（雖然大小不一），翅膀寬大，相對較短。

## 火烈鳥

**目**：火烈鳥目   **科**：火烈鳥科

火烈鳥是喜怒無常的涉禽，通常高 3 至 5 英尺 (0.9 至 1.5 米)，在西半球和東半球都有發現。火烈鳥以貝類和藻類為濾食。它們奇形怪狀的喙經過特殊改造，可以將泥沙從它們食用的食物中分離出來，而且獨特的是，它們的喙是倒立著使用的。

## 鸊鷉

**目**: 鸊鷉目   **科**：鸊鷉科
鸊鷉是小型至中大型淡水潛水鳥類。它們有淺淺的腳趾，是優秀的游泳者和潛水者。它們的腳被放置在身體的後面，使它們在陸地上相當不雅觀。

## 鴿子和斑鳩

**目**：鴿形目   **科**：鳩鴿科

鴿子和斑鳩是體型粗壯的鳥類，頸部短小，喙細長，有肉糜。

## 杜鵑

**目**：鵑形目**科**：杜鵑科

杜鵑科包括杜鵑、走鵑和犀鵑。這些鳥大小不一，身體細長，尾巴長，腿部強壯。許多舊大陸的杜鵑種類都是育雛寄生。

## 蟆口鴟

**目**：夜鷹目**科**：蟆口鴟科

蟆口鴟是與夜叉鳥有關的一類夜行鳥類。它們因其扁平的鉤狀大喙和巨大的蟆口而得名，它們用蟆口取食昆蟲。

## 夜鷹及其近親

**目**：夜鷹目**科**：夜鷹科

夜鷹是中型的地棲夜行鳥類，翅膀長，腿短，喙很短。大多數有小的腳，幾乎沒有用於行走，和長尖的翅膀。它們柔軟的羽毛被偽裝成類似樹皮或樹葉的樣子。

## 燕雀

**目**：夜鷹目**科**：雨燕科

燕子是一種小型鳥類，它們一生中大部分時間都在飛行。這些鳥兒的腿很短，從不主動落地，而是只在垂直表面棲息。許多燕子有長長的迴旋翼，像新月形或迴旋鏢。

## 樹燕

**目**：雨燕目**科**：鳳頭雨燕科

樹燕又稱鳳頭燕，與真燕關係密切。它們與真燕不同的是，它們有鳳頭，長叉的尾巴，羽毛柔軟。

## 秧雞、水雞和骨頂

**目**：鶴形目**科**：秧雞科

秧雞科是一個小型到中型鳥類科，其中包括軌道秧雞、田雞、骨頂和水雞。通常他們居住在湖泊、沼澤或河流附近的潮濕環境中的茂密植被。在一般情況下，他們是害羞和秘密的鳥類，使他們很難觀察。大多數物種有強壯的腿和長腳趾，這是很好的適應柔軟的不平整的表面。他們往往有短，圓形的翅膀，似乎是弱的飛行者。

## 鰭趾鷈

**目**：鶴形目**科**：日鷉科

日鷉科是熱帶鳥類的小科，腳上有蹼葉，類似於鸊鷉和骨頂。

## 鶴

**目**：鶴形目**科**：鶴科

鶴是大型的、長腿的、長脖子的鳥類。鶴不像形似卻毫不相干的蒼鷺，它們飛行時脖子是伸展的，而不是向後拉。大多數都有精心製作而吵鬧的求愛表演或「舞會」。

## 石鴴

**目**：鴴形目**科**：石鴴科

石鴴在全世界熱帶地區內均有分布，有些種類也在溫帶的歐洲和澳大利亞繁殖。它們是中型到大型的涉禽，有強壯的黑色或黃黑色的喙，黃色的大眼睛，以及隱秘的羽毛。儘管被歸為涉禽，但大多數種類都喜歡在乾旱或半乾旱的生境中生活。

## 長腳鷸和反嘴鷸

**目**：鴴形目**科**：反嘴鷸科

反嘴鷸科是一個大型涉禽的家族，其中包括長腳鷸和反嘴鷸。反嘴鷸有長長的腿和長長的上彎的喙。長腳鷸有極長的腿和長、薄、直的喙。

## 蠣鷸

**目**：鴴形目   **科**：蠣鷸科

蠣鷸是一種大而嘈雜的鴴類鳥類，其強壯的喙用於砸碎或刺開軟體動物。

## 鴴和麥雞

**目**：鴴形目   **科**：鴴科

夏拉季科包括鴴、點頭鳥和梟鳥。他們是小型到中型鳥類，身體緊湊，短粗的脖子，和長，通常是尖的翅膀。它們分布在世界各地的開闊地帶，大多在靠近水的棲息地。

## 彩鷸

**目**：鴴形目   **科**：彩鷸科

彩鷸是短腿長嘴的鳥類，形狀類似於真正的鷸類，但顏色更鮮艷。

## 雉鴴

**目**：鴴形目   **科**：雉鴴科

jacanas 是一種在整個熱帶地區發現的涉水動物。它們可以通過巨大的腳和爪子來識別，這使它們能夠在它們喜歡的棲息地 -- 淺水湖泊中的浮動植物上行走。

## 鷸及其近親

**目**：鴴形目   **科**：鷸科
杓鷸科是一個由中小型岸鳥組成的大型多樣化家族，包括鷸科、杓鷸、塍鷸、鷸屬、塔特兒、丘鷸、沙錐、半蹼鷸和瓣蹼鷸。這些物種中的大多數都吃從泥土或土壤中挑出來的小型無脊椎動物。腿和喙的長度變化使多個物種能夠在同一棲息地覓食，特別是在沿海地區，沒有直接的食物競爭。

## 三趾鶉

**目**：鴴形目   **科**：三趾鶉科

The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

## 蟹鴴

**目**：鴴形目   **科**：蟹鴴科

The crab-plover is related to the waders, but is the only member of its family. It resembles a plover but has very long grey legs and a strong black bill similar to that of a tern. It has black-and-white plumage, a long neck, partially webbed feet, and a bill designed for eating crabs.

## 燕鴴和走鴴

**目**：鴴形目   **科**：燕鴴科

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings, and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings, and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

## 賊鷗

**目**：鴴形目   **科**：賊鷗科

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

## 海鷗、燕鷗和撇嘴鷸

**目**：鴴形目   **科**：鷗科

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

## 熱帶鳥

**目**：鸏形目   **科**：熱帶鳥科

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

## 信天翁

**目**：鸌形目   **科**：信天翁科

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses of the genus _Diomedea_ have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.

## 海燕

**目**：鸌形目   **科**：海燕科

風暴海燕是小鳥，大部分時間在海上度過，只在上岸繁殖。它們以浮游甲殼類動物和小魚為食，通常在水面上盤旋或拍打。它們的飛行是飄動的，有時像蝙蝠。

## 鸌和海燕

**目**：鸌形目   **科**：Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

## 鸛

**目**：Ciconiiformes   **科**：鸛科

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are virtually mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

## 軍艦鳥

**目**：鰹鳥目   **科**：Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

## 鰹鳥和塘鵝

**目**：鰹鳥目   **科**：Sulidae

塘鵝和鰹鳥是中型到大型的沿海海鳥，它們採用俯衝式捕魚。

## 蛇鵜

**目**：鰹鳥目   **科**：蛇鵜科

Anhingas 或 Darters 通常被稱為 "蛇鳥"，因為它們有細長的脖子，當它們將身體浸入水中游泳時，會呈現出蛇的樣子。雄鳥有黑色和深棕色的羽毛，在頸部有一個直立的峰，喙比雌鳥大。雌鳥的羽色要淺得多，特別是在頸部和下身。斑鳩有完全的蹼，它們的腿很短，而且在身體上的位置很靠後。它們的羽毛有點透亮，就像鸕鶿的羽毛一樣，它們在潛水後張開翅膀晾乾。

## Cormorants and shags

**目**：鰹鳥目   **科**：Phalacrocoracidae

The Phalacrocoracidae are a family of medium to large fish-eating birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies; the majority of species have mainly dark plumage, but some are pied black and white, and a few are more colourful.

## 鵜鶘

**目**：鵜形目   **科**：Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. They have webbed feet with four toes.

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

**目**：鵜形目   **科**：Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills, members of this family fly with their necks retracted.

## Ibises and spoonbills

**目**：鵜形目   **科**：䴉科

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which comprises the ibises and spoonbills. Its members have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary flight feathers. They are strong fliers and, despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

## Osprey

**目**：鷹形目   **科**：Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

**目**：鷹形目   **科**：Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds mostly have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

## Barn-owls

**目**：鴞形目   **科**：Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

## Owls

**目**：鴞形目   **科**：Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

## Trogons

**目**：Trogoniformes   **科**：Trogonidae

The family Trogonidae includes the trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.

## Hoopoes

**目**：犀鳥目   **科**：Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white, and pink plumage and a large erectile crest on the head.

## Hornbills

**目**：犀鳥目   **科**：Bucerotidae

Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured.

## Kingfishers

**目**：佛法僧目   **科**：Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. 

## Bee-eaters

**目**：佛法僧目   **科**：Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, southern Asia, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies, and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long down-turned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

## Rollers

**目**：佛法僧目   **科**：Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

## Asian barbets

**目**：鴷形目   **科**：Megalaimidae

The Asian barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.

## Honeyguides

**目**：鴷形目   **科**：Indicatoridae

Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the greater honeyguide which leads traditional honey-hunters to bees' nests and, after the hunters have harvested the honey, feeds on the remaining contents of the hive.

## Woodpeckers

**目**：鴷形目   **科**：Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

## Falcons and caracaras

**目**：Falconiformes   **科**：Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

## Old World parrots

**目**：Psittaciformes   **科**：Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm（3.1 英寸） to 1 米（3.3 英尺） in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

## African and green broadbills

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Calyptomenidae

The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds, which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests.

## Asian and Grauer's broadbills

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Eurylaimidae

The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds, which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests.

## Pittas

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Pittidae

Pittas are medium-sized stocky passerines with fairly long, strong legs, short tails, and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects, and similar invertebrate prey.

## Thornbills and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Acanthizidae

The Acanthizidae are small- to medium-sized birds with short rounded wings, slender bills, long legs, and a short tail. The golden-bellied gerygone is the only member of the family found in mainland Asia.

## Cuckooshrikes

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some minivet species are brightly coloured.

## Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Vireonidae

Most of the members of this family are found in the New World. However, the shrike-babblers and erpornis, which only slightly resemble the "true" vireos and greenlets, are found in South East Asia.

## Whistlers and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Pachycephalidae

The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrike-thrushes, shrike-tits, pitohuis, and crested bellbird.

## Old World orioles

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds which are not closely related to the New World orioles.

## Woodswallows, bellmagpies, and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Artamidae

The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings.

## Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Vangidae

The family Vangidae is highly variable, though most members of it resemble true shrikes to some degree.

## Ioras

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Aegithinidae

The ioras are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colouration, ioras are sexually dimorphic, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens.

## Fantails

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Rhipiduridae

The fantails are small insectivorous birds with longish, frequently fanned, tails.

## Drongos

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.

## Monarch flycatchers

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by gleaning, hovering or flycatching.

## Crested shrikejay

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Platylophidae

Until 2018 this species was included in family Corvidae, but genetic and morphological evidence place it in its own family.

## Shrikes

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for the habit of some species of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.

## Crows, jays, and magpies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the 雀形目，and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

## Rail-babbler

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Eupetidae

The Malaysian rail-babbler is a rail-like passerine bird which inhabits the floor of primary forest in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. It is the only member of its family. The nominate subspecies _E. m. macrocerus_ is found in Thailand.

## Fairy flycatchers

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Stenostiridae

Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers".

## Tits, chickadees, and titmice

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

## Larks

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

## Cisticolas and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.

## Reed warblers and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

## Grassbirds and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

## Cupwings

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Pnoepygidae

The members of this small family are found in mountainous parts of South and South East Asia.

## Swallows

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

## Bulbuls

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red, or orange vents, cheeks, throats, or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

## Leaf warblers

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.

## Bush warblers and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Scotocercidae

The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.

## Long-tailed tits

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Aegithalidae

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

## Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as another 俗名 (Old World warblers) implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

## White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small birds of rather drab appearance, the plumage above being typically greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As the name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

## Tree-babblers, scimitar-babblers, and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Timaliidae

The members of this family are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage.

## Ground babblers and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Pellorneidae

These small to medium-sized songbirds have soft fluffy plumage but are otherwise rather diverse. Members of the genus _Illadopsis_ are found in forests, but some other genera are birds of scrublands.

## Laughingthrushes and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Leiothrichidae

The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus _Turdoides_ tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.

## Wallcreeper

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Tichodromidae

The wallcreeper is the only member of its family. It inhabits the high mountains of Eurasia from southern Europe to central China.

## Nuthatches

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet.

## Treecreepers

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

## Spotted elachura

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Elachuridae

This species, the only one in its family, inhabits forest undergrowth throughout South East Asia.

## Dippers

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

## Starlings

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

## Thrushes and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

## Old World flycatchers

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

## Flowerpeckers

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Dicaeidae

The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills, and tubular tongues.

## Sunbirds and spiderhunters

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Nectariniidae

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Their flight is fast and direct on short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.  

## Fairy-bluebirds

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Irenidae

The fairy-bluebirds are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub. The males are dark-blue and the females a duller green.

## Leafbirds

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Chloropseidae

The leafbirds are small, bulbul-like birds. The males are brightly plumaged, usually in greens and yellows.

## Weavers and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, but some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.

## Waxbills and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

## Old World sparrows

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds, typically small, plump, brown or grey with short tails and short powerful beaks. They are seed-eaters, but also consume small insects.

## Wagtails and pipits

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails and comprises the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. These are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

**目**：雀形目   **科**：Fringillidae

Finches are small to moderately large seed-eating passerine birds with a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and nine primary flight feathers. Finches have a bouncing flight, alternating bouts of flapping with gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

## 鐵爪鵐和雪鵐

**目**：雀形目   **科**：鐵爪鵐科

鐵爪鵐科是一個傳統上與新世界麻雀歸為一類的鳥類，但在一些方面有所不同，通常在開闊的草場上發現。

## 舊世界鵐

**目**：雀形目   **科**：鵐科

鵐是一個大的食種鳥類家族，有獨特形狀的喙。許多鵐物種有獨特的頭部圖案。

## 參考資料

## 外部連結

* Birdwatching in Thailand （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Waders of Thailand (photos) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Birds of Thailand （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） field guide published by Lynx Edicions