汉娜·莫尔

**漢娜・莫爾**（Hannah More 1745 年 2 月 2 日 —1833 年 9 月 7 日）是一名英格蘭宗教作家、慈善家、詩人、劇作家，她是當時倫敦社交界、文藝圈裡的名人，藍襪子的領袖。

## 早年

她出生於布里斯托魚塘區（Fishponds），是當地一所學校校長雅各布・摩爾（1700-83）的第四個女兒（共五個）。她的父親是她的啟蒙老師，教會了她拉丁語和數學，她的姐姐們又教過她法語。
1758 年，其父雅各布在布里斯托三一街（Trinity Street）創辦了一所女子寄宿學校，由漢娜的姐姐瑪麗和伊莉莎白運營，雅各布自己則在石山區（Stony Hill）創辦了一所男子學校。12 歲時，漢娜進入姐姐們的學校學習，畢業後在那裡執教。

1767 年漢娜為了和薩默塞特郡 Wraxall 村一名叫威廉・特納的男子訂婚，退掉了自己在學校的股份。但過了六年婚禮還是沒有舉辦，特納也沒有確定日期的意願，於是二人的婚約在 1773 年解除。這可能一度導致漢娜精神崩潰，她因此前往濱海韋斯頓附近的上山村（Uphill）療養。她最後從特納那裡獲得了 200 鎊年金作為補償，這使得她能夠有充足的閒暇時間進行文學創作。

## 成年

她在教書時開始創作田園風格的劇作，以供她的女學生們表演。她的第一部作品是 1762 年完成的《The Search after Happiness》，到 1780 年代中期，它共售出 10,000 多本。

她在 1773 年冬和姐姐們一起前往倫敦，在那裡結識了塞繆爾・詹森、約書亞・雷諾茲和愛德蒙・伯克等當時文藝界的精英。詹森其實不太喜歡她，認為她太過奉承別人，還是一個蹩腳詩人。她參加了藍襪子運動，是伊莉莎白・蒙塔古沙龍的座上賓，並在那裡結識弗朗西斯・博斯科文、伊莉莎白・卡特、伊莉莎白・維西和赫斯特・沙蓬。

她的劇作在倫敦獲得了成功，其《珀西》在 1777 年 12 月於皇家歌劇院上演，大衛・加里克為這部作品寫了開場白和謝幕詞。

她在倫敦的生活並不順利，1785 年她在薩默塞特郡北部的靈頓買下一棟別墅，和姐妹瑪莎開始避世的隱居生活。在那裡，她寫成了《尋找妻子的科勒布斯》（Coelebs in Search of a Wife）等多部作品，並在那裡去世，葬在當地的諸聖教堂中，留下的遺產捐給了教會和慈善機構。

## 引用

## 來源

* Chisholm, Hugh (編). More, Hannah. 大英百科全書 (11th ed.). 劍橋大學出版社. 1911.
* Stephen, Leslie. More, Hannah. Lee, Sidney (編). Dictionary of National Biography **38**. London: Smith, Elder & Co: 414–420. 1894.

### 主要

* Hannah More, _Works of Hannah More_, 2 vols. New York: Harper, 1840

### 傳記

* Anna Jane Buckland, _The life of Hannah More. A lady of two centuries_. London: Religious Tract Society, 1882, [1]
* Jeremy and Margaret Collingwood, _Hannah More_. Oxford: Lion Publishing, 1990, ISBN 0-7459-1532-9
* Patricia Demers, _The World of Hannah More_. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996, ISBN 0-8131-1978-2
* Charles Howard Ford, _Hannah More: A Critical Biography_. New York: Peter Lang, 1996, ISBN 0-8204-2798-5
* Marion Harland, _Hannah More_. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1900
* Mary Alen Hopkins, _Hannah More and Her Circle_. London: Longmans, 1947
* M. G. Jones, _Hannah More_ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952
* Helen C. Knight, _Hannah More; or, Life in Hall and Cottage_. New York: M. W. Dodd, 1851
* Elizabeth Kowaleski-Wallace, _Their Fathers' Daughters: Hannah More, Maria Edgeworth, and Patriarchal Complicity_. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991
* Annette Mary Budgett Meakin, _Hannah More: A Biographical Study_. London: John Murray, 1919
* Karen Swallow Prior, _Fierce Convictions: The Extraordinary Life of Hannah More—Poet, Reformer, Abolitionist_. Nashville: Nelson Books, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4002-0625-4
* William Roberts, ed., _Memoirs of Mrs Hannah More_. New York: Harper & Bros., 1836
* Anne Stott, _Hannah More: The First Victorian_. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-19-924532-0
* Thomas Taylor, _Memoir of Mrs. Hannah More_. London: Joseph Rickerby, 1838
* Henry Thompson, _The Life of Hannah More With Notices of Her Sisters_. London: T. Cadell, 1838
* Charlotte Yonge, _Hannah More_. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1888

### 其他

* Elliott, Dorice Williams. The Care of the Poor Is Her Profession: Hannah More and Women's Philanthropic Work. Nineteenth-Century Contexts. 1995, **19** (2): 179–204. doi:10.1080/08905499508583421. hdl:1808/20908 .
* Kelly, Gary. Revolution, Reaction, and the Expropriation of Popular Culture: Hannah More's _Cheap Repository_ (PDF). Man and Nature. 1987, **6**: 147–59 [2021-06-17]. doi:10.7202/1011875ar . （原始內容存檔 (PDF) 於 2018-07-21）.
* Jacqueline McMillan, "Hannah More: From Versificatrix to Saint", _In Her Hand: Letters of Romantic-Era British Women Writers in New Zealand Collections._ Otago Students of Letters. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago, Department of English, 2013. pp. 23–46. Includes five letters and a poem, hitherto unpublished.
* Mitzi Myers, "Hannah More's Tracts for the Times: Social Fiction and Female Ideology", _Fetter'd or Free? British Women Novelists, 1670–1815_. Mary Anne Schofield and Cecilia Macheski, eds. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1986
* Myers, Mitzi. Reform or Ruin: 'A Revolution in Female Manners'. Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture. 1982, **11**: 199–216.
* Nardin, Jane. Hannah More and the Rhetoric of Educational Reform. Women's History Review. 2001, **10** (2): 211–27. doi:10.1080/09612020100200571.
* Nardin, Jane. Hannah More and the Problem of Poverty. Texas Studies in Language and Literature. 2001, **43** (3): 267–84. S2CID 162100269. doi:10.1353/tsl.2001.0015.
* Pickering, Samuel. Hannah More's _Coelebs in Search of a Wife_ and the Respectability of the Novel in the Nineteenth Century. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen. 1977, **78**: 78–85.
* Mona Scheuerman, _In Praise of Poverty: Hannah More Counters Thomas Paine and the Radical Threat_. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002
* Stoker, David. The Watson family, the Association for the Discountenancing of Vice and the Irish Cheap Repository Tracts. The Library: Transactions of the Bibliographical Society. 7. 2020, **21**: 343–384.
* Kathryn Sutherland, "Hannah More's Counter-Revolutionary Feminism", _Revolution in Writing: British Literary Responses to the French Revolution_. Kelvin Everest, ed. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991
* Vallone, Lynne. 'A Humble Spirit under Correction': Tracts, Hymns, and the Ideology of Evangelical Fiction for Children, 1780–1820. The Lion and the Unicorn. 1991, **15** (2): 72–95. S2CID 143540425. doi:10.1353/uni.0.0155.
* A Comparative Study of Three Anti-Slavery Poems Written by William Blake, Hannah More and Marcus Garvey: Black Stereotyping （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini for GRAAT On-Line, January 2010

### 檔案

* Papers of Hannah More are held at The Women's Library in the Library of the London School of Economics. 9/16

## 外部連結

* Hannah More （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Hannah More 的作品 - 古騰堡計劃
* Hannah More - Faded Page (Canada)
* Works by Hannah More at Osborne Collection of Early Children's Books (Toronto Public Library)
* 網際網路檔案館中漢娜・莫爾的作品或與之相關的作品
* 來自漢娜・莫爾的 LibriVox 公共領域有聲讀物
* Hannah More from Brycchan Carey's listing of British abolitionists （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* The full text of _Slavery, A Poem_ available online
* The full text of _The Sorrows of Yamba_ available online （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Original 1797 edition of a printed pamphlet of _The Sorrows of Yamba_ （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）