梭法螺属

**梭法螺屬**（學名：_**Cymatium**_），又名**象法螺屬**或**嵌線螺屬**，是法螺科嵌線螺亞科之下的一個屬，包括從小型到大型的掠食性海螺，是一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的分類單元。

本屬物種繁多，有差不多一百種，遍佈世界各地。因此有貝殼學家將本屬物種再細分為十個亞屬，也有建議將部分亞屬提升至屬級，但這些建議到現在都未有公論。

## 化石紀錄

本屬的化石紀錄已知從始新世到第四紀（距今：從 5580 到 1.2 萬年前）。

## 形態描述

這些海螺雌雄異體，會產下卵筴。 孵化後，幼蟲有一個浮游生物階段，可以（在某些物種中）持續數月；這是在某些物種中看到的廣泛分佈，因為在沉降到海底之前可以將浮游幼蟲攜帶很遠的距離。

## 分類

### 亞屬

目前本屬有至少十個亞屬，部分亞屬有學者建議提升至屬級。不管如何，這些亞屬或屬都詳列如下：

* _Cymatium_ Röding, 1798, type species: _Cymatium femorale_
* 毛螺亞屬 _Monoplex_ G. Perry, 1811, type species: _Cymatium parthenopeum_
* _Gelagna_ Schaufuss, 1869, type species: _Cymatium succinctum_
* _Ranularia_ Schumacher, 1817, type species: _Cymatium gutturnium_
* _Gutturnium_ Mørch, 1852, type species: _Cymatium muricinum_
* _Reticutriton_ Habe and Kosuge, 1966：模式屬：_Cymatium pfeifferianum_
* _Linatella_ Gray, 1868, type species: _Cymatium cutaceum_
* _Lotoria_ Emerson and Old, 1963, type species: _Cymatium perryi_
* 籬螺亞屬 _{{link-en | 籬螺屬 | Septa (gastropod)|Septa]]_ Perry, 1810：模式種為 _Septa rubecula_，被 WoRMS 提升至屬級。
* _Turritriton_ Dall, 1904, type species: _Cymatium gibbosum_

### 物種

根據 World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)，本屬目前包括下列物種：

* 丹氏象法螺
* 玉口象法螺
* 瘦毛法螺
* 褐唇象法螺
* 中華象法螺
* 印度洋法螺
* 厚唇法螺
* 大象法螺
* 寶石法螺
* 小白法螺
* 毛法螺
* 深溝象法螺 cod
* 多彩法螺 con
* 鳥頭象法螺 eu
* _Cymatium femorale_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* _Cymatium raderi_ D』Attilio & Myers, 1984
* _Cymatium ranzanii_ (Bianconi, 1850)
* _Cymatium tigrinum_ (Broderip, 1833)

### 異名物種

* _Cymatium aegrotum_ (Reeve, 1844): synonym of _Ranularia gallinago_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium aquatile_ (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of _Monoplex aquatilis_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium cingulatum_ (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of _Linatella caudata_ (Gmelin, 1791)
* _Cymatium clandestinum_ (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of _Gelagna succincta_ (Linnaeus, 1771)
* _Cymatium closeli_ Beu, 1987: synonym of _Septa closeli_ (Beu, 1987)
* _Cymatium comptum_ (A. Adams, 1855) : synonym of _Monoplex comptus_ (A. Adams, 1855)
* _Cymatium corrugatum_ (Lamarck, 1816);: synonym of _Monoplex corrugatus_ (Lamarck, 1816)
* _Cymatium cutaceum_ (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of _Linatella caudata_ (Gmelin, 1791)
* _Cymatium cynocephalum_ (Lamarck, 1816) : synonym of _Ranularia cynocephala_ (Lamarck, 1816)
* _Cymatium doliarium_ Lamarck: synonym of _Cabestana dolaria_ (Linnaeus, 1767)
* _Cymatium durbanensis_ (E.A. Smith, 1899): synonym of _Monoplex durbanensis_ (E.A. Smith, 1899)
* _Cymatium exaratum_ (Reeve, 1844): synonym of _Monoplex exaratus_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium exaratum durbanense_ (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of _Cymatium exaratum_ (Reeve, 1844) accepted as _Monoplex exaratus_ (Reeve, 1844)
* 秀美象法螺 _Cymatium exile_: synonym of _Ranularia exilis_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium gallinago_ (Reeve, 1844): synonym of _Ranularia gallinago_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium gemmatum_ Reeve: synonym of _Monoplex gemmatus_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium gibbosum_ (Broderip, 1833): synonym of _Turritriton gibbosus_ (Broderip, 1833)
* _Cymatium grandimaculatum_ (Reeve, 1844): synonym of _Lotoria grandimaculata_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium hepaticum_ (Röding, 1798): synonym of _Septa hepatica_ (Röding, 1798)
* _Cymatium kleinei_ (Sowerby III, 1889): synonym of _Monoplex klenei_ (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889)
* _Cymatium kobelti_: synonym of _Turritriton kobelti_ (Maltzan, 1884)
* _Cymatium krebsii_ (Mörch, 1877) : synonym of _Monoplex krebsii_ (Mörch, 1877)
* _Cymatium labiosum_ (W. Wood, 1828) : synonym of _Turritriton labiosus_ (Wood, 1828)
* 象鼻法螺 _Cymatium lotorium_  (Linnaeus, 1758)：今作 _Lotoria lotoria_
* _Cymatium marerubrum_: synonym of _Septa marerubrum_ (Garcia-Talavera, 1985)
* _Cymatium martinianum_ (d'Orbigny, 1847) : synonym of _Monoplex pilearis_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* _Cymatium moniliferum_ (Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of _Ranularia monilifera_ (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
* _Cymatium moritinctum_ (Reeve, 1844): synonym of _Ranularia cynocephala_ (Lamarck, 1816)
* _Cymatium mundum_ (Gould, 1849): synonym of _Monoplex mundus_ (Gould, 1849)
* _Cymatium muricinum_ (Röding, 1798) : synonym of _Gutturnium muricinum_ (Röding, 1798)
* _Cymatium nicobaricum_ (Röding, 1798) : synonym of _Monoplex nicobaricus_ (Röding, 1798)
* _Cymatium occidentale_ (Mörch, 1877) is a synonym of _Septa occidentalis_ (Mörch, 1877)
* _Cymatium olearium_ Linnaeus: synonym of _Ranella olearium_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* _Cymatium_ (_Septa_) _parthenopeum_ (von Salis, 1793) : synonym of _Monoplex parthenopeus_ (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
* _Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum_ (Salis, 1793): synonym of _Monoplex parthenopeus_ (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
* _Cymatium penniketi_ Beu, 1998: synonyom of _Monoplex penniketi_ (Beu, 1998)
* _Cymatium pharcidum_ (Dall, 1889): synonym of _Turritriton tenuiliratus_ (Lischke, 1873)
* 菲氏瘦法螺 _Cymatium pfeifferianum_ (Reeve, 1844): synonym of _Reticutriton pfeifferianus_ (Reeve, 1844)
* 梨形嵌線螺 _Cymatium pyrum_ (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of _Ranularia pyrum_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* _Cymatium rubeculum_ (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of _Septa rubecula_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* 肉唇象法螺 _Cymatium sarcostomum_ (Reeve, 1844): synonym of _Ranularia sarcostoma_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium_ (_Ranularia_) _sinense_ (Reeve, 1844): synonym of _Ranularia sinensis_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium_ (_Linatella_) _succinctum_ (Linnaeus, 1771): synonym of _Linatella succincta_ (Linnaeus, 1771)
* _Cymatium testudinarium_ (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of _Ranularia testudinaria_ (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
* _Cymatium tranquebaricum_ (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of _Monoplex tranquebaricus_ (Lamarck, 1816)
* _Cymatium trigonum_ (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of _Monoplex trigonus_ (Gmelin, 1791)
* _Cymatium trilineatum_: synonym of _Ranularia trilineata_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium vespaceum_ Lamarck, 1822: synonym of _Monoplex vespaceus_ (Lamarck, 1822)

_Cymatium_ species found in the Western Atlantic include:[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* _Cymatium rehderi_ A. H. Verrill, 1950  : synonym of _Ranularia rehderi_ (A.H. Verrill, 1950)

Other species include:

* _Cymatium tabulatus_ aka _Turritriton tabulatus exaratus_ (Reeve, 1844)
* _Cymatium parkinsonianum_ (Perry, 1811): synonym of _Austrotriton parkinsonius_ Perry, 1811
* _Cymatium pileare_ (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of _Cymatium (Septa) pileare_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* _Cymatium perryi_ Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Jr. Old, 1963: synonym of _Lotoria perryi_ (Emerson & Old, 1963)

### 圖庫

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## 參考文獻

## 外部連結

* 維基物種上的相關資訊：梭法螺屬
* Info about subgenera and illustrations of type species for the subgenera and other species in the subgenera at [2] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Malacolog info at: [3] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）