水塔花

**水塔花屬**（學名：_Billbergia_）是鳳梨科下的一個屬，為無莖草本植物。該屬共有約 60 種，分布於熱帶美洲。
水塔花屬植物需要充足的陽光，但過強的陽光會造成葉色變黃，甚至造成日曬病，所以陽光太強時需要遮蔭。生長適溫大約攝氏 20 到 28 度，超過 30 度會使開花減少。冬天進入休眠期後，溫度低於 10 至 15 度時會造成花期後延，高於 20 度也會影響來年生長。

## 種

1. _Billbergia acreana_ H. Luther - Acre
2. _Billbergia alfonsi-joannis_ Reitz - from Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina
3. _Billbergia amandae_ W.Weber - Brazil, but probably extinct
4. _Billbergia ambigua_ (L.B.Sm. & Read) Betancur & N.R.Salinas - Antioquia
5. _Billbergia amoena_ (Loddiges) Lindley - Brazil
6. _Billbergia brachysiphon_ L.B. Smith - Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador
7. _Billbergia bradeana_ L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo
8. _Billbergia brasiliensis_ L.B. Smith - Rio de Janeiro
9. _Billbergia buchholtzii_ Mez - Brazil, but probably extinct
10. _Billbergia cardenasii_ L.B. Smith - Bolivia
11. _Billbergia castelensis_ E. Pereira - Espírito Santo
12. _Billbergia chlorantha_ L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo
13. _Billbergia × claudioi_ Leme - Brazil
14. _Billbergia cylindrostachya_ Mez - Rio de Janeiro
15. _Billbergia dasilvae_ Leme - Rondônia
16. _Billbergia decora_ Poeppig & Endlicher - Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
17. _Billbergia distachya_ (Vellozo) Mez - southern Brazil
18. _Billbergia domingosmartinsis_ E.Gross - Espírito Santo
19. _Billbergia elegans_ Martius ex Schultes f. - Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
20. _Billbergia eloiseae_ L.B. Smith & R.W. Read - Colombia
21. _Billbergia euphemiae_ E. Morren - southeastern Brazil
22. _Billbergia formosa_ Ule - Peru
23. _Billbergia horrida_ Regel - southeastern Brazil
24. _Billbergia incarnata_ (Ruiz & Pavón) Schultes f. - Peru
25. _Billbergia iridifolia_ (Nees & Martius) Lindley - southeastern Brazil
26. _Billbergia issingiana_ T. Krömer & E. Gross - Bolivia
27. _Billbergia jandebrabanderi_ R. Vásquez & Ibisch - Bolivia
28. _Billbergia kautskyana_ E. Pereira - Espírito Santo
29. _Billbergia kuhlmannii_ L.B. Smith - Brazil, Bolivia
30. _Billbergia laxiflora_ L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo
31. _Billbergia leptopoda_ L.B. Smith - Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
32. _Billbergia lietzei_ E. Morren - Espírito Santo
33. _Billbergia lymanii_ E. Pereira & Leme - southeastern Brazil
34. _Billbergia macracantha_ E. Pereira - Rio de Janeiro
35. _Billbergia macrocalyx_ Hooker - Bahia, Minas Gerais
36. _Billbergia macrolepis_ L.B. Smith - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guyana
37. _Billbergia magnifica_ Mez - Brazil, Paraguay
38. _Billbergia manarae_ Steyermark - Venezuela
39. _Billbergia meyeri_ Mez - Brazil, Bolivia
40. _Billbergia microlepis_ L.B. Smith - Bolivia
41. _Billbergia minarum_ L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
42. _Billbergia morelii_ Brongniart - eastern Brazil
43. _Billbergia nana_ E. Pereira - Bahia, Espírito Santo
44. 垂花水塔花 _Billbergia nutans_ H. Wendland ex Regel：見於巴西、阿根廷、烏拉圭及巴拉圭。
45. _Billbergia oxysepala_ Mez - Acre, Ecuador
46. _Billbergia pallidiflora_ Liebmann - Mexico and Central America from Sinaloa to Nicaragua
47. _Billbergia pohliana_ Mez - Minas Gerais
48. _Billbergia porteana_ Brongniart ex Beer - Brazil, Paraguay
49. 紅筆鳳梨 _Billbergia pyramidalis_ (Sims) Lindley：巴西、委內瑞拉、法屬圭亞那、小安的列斯群島及古巴；亦已在模里西斯歸化。
50. _Billbergia reichardtii_ Wawra - Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
51. _Billbergia robert-readii_ E. Gross & Rauh - Peru
52. _Billbergia rosea_ hortus ex Beer - Trinidad, Venezuela
53. _Billbergia rubicunda_ Mez - Suriname
54. _Billbergia rupestris_ L.B. Smith - Colombia, Acre
55. _Billbergia sanderiana_ E. Morren - southeastern Brazil
56. _Billbergia seidelii_ L.B. Smith & Reitz - Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
57. _Billbergia stenopetala_ Harms - Ecuador, Peru
58. _Billbergia tessmannii_ Harms - Peru
59. _Billbergia tweedieana_ Baker - southeastern Brazil
60. _Billbergia velascana_ M. Cardenas - Bolivia
61. _Billbergia violacea_ Beer - Guianas, Brazil
62. _Billbergia viridiflora_ H. Wendland - Belize, Guatemala, Tabasco
63. 條紋水塔花 _Billbergia vittata_ Brongniart：見於巴西東部
64. _Billbergia zebrina_ (Herbert) Lindley - Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay

## 參考文獻

## 參考資料

* 國立自然科學博物館. [2019-07-13]. （原始內容存檔於 2019-07-13） （中文）.