毛黴菌

**毛黴屬**（學名：_Mucor_）是一個包含大約有十多個品種的黴菌屬，普遍可在泥土、植物的表面、腐爛的蔬果或消化系統中找到它，它可以製作豆腐乳。

## 描述

黴菌是一種真菌，它的菌落的顏色一般呈現白色、米黃色到灰色，生長快速，在適合的培植介質中可以生長至數厘米高。當菌落成熟，由於孢子的發展，使菌落的顏色變成灰或褐色。

## 繁殖

部分品種（_Mucor mucedo_）無性繁殖。當孢子囊柄（sporangiophore）直立及發育成熟，孢子囊柄頂端脹大形成球狀孢子囊（sporangium），內裝單核單倍體孢子（sporangiospore）。孢子囊頂端的囊軸向孢子囊伸出，囊壁隨之爆開並釋出孢子。

有性繁殖時，部分短小菌絲形成配子囊（gametangia），當兩合適之配子囊接合，便形成球狀、具厚壁的接合孢子囊（zygosporangium）。接合孢子囊內藏一個接合孢子（zygospore）。接合孢子囊內進行核配（karyogamy）和減數分裂，可能可抵禦外在的惡劣環境。毛黴屬包括同宗配合（雌雄同株）和異宗配合（雌雄異株）的種。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

* _Mucor abundans Povah_
* _Mucor adventitius Oudem._
* _Mucor albus Schrank_
* _Mucor aligarensis B.S.Mehrotra & B.R.Mehrotra_
* _Mucor amethysteus Berk._
* _Mucor amethystinus L.Wagner & G.Walther_
* _Mucor amphibiorum Schipper_
* _Mucor ardhlaengiktus B.S.Mehrotra & B.M.Mehrotra_
* _Mucor aseptatophorus V.G.Hurdeal, E.Gentekaki, K.D.Hyde & H.B.Lee, 2021_
* _Mucor atramentarius L.Wagner & G.Walther_
* _Mucor azygosporus R.K.Benj._
* _Mucor bacilliformis Hesselt._
* _Mucor bainieri B.S.Mehrotra & Baijal_
* _Mucor bondarzevii S.A.Kulik_
* _Mucor caatinguensis A.L.Santiago, C.A.F.de Souza & D.X.Lima_
* _Mucor caninus Pers._
* _Mucor chiangraiensis V.G.Hurdeal, E.Gentekaki, K.D.Hyde & H.B.Lee, 2021_
* _Mucor circinatus D.X.Lima, G.Walther & A.L.Santiago_
* _Mucor circinelloides Tiegh._
* _Mucor clavatus Link_
* _Mucor corticola Hagem_
* _Mucor ctenidius (Durrell & M.Fleming) Walther & de Hoog_
* _Mucor delicatus L.S.Loh & Kuthub._
* _Mucor durus Walther & de Hoog_
* _Mucor ellipsoideus E.Álvarez, Cano, Stchigel, Deanna A.Sutton & Guarro_
* _Mucor endophyticus (R.Y.Zheng & H.Jiang) J.Pawłowska & Walther_
* _Mucor erectus Bainier_
* _Mucor eugeniae L.S.Loh & Nawawi_
* _Mucor eugenieae L.S.Loh & Nawawi_
* _Mucor exponens (Burgeff) Walther & de Hoog_
* _Mucor falcatus Schipper_
* _Mucor fimetarius Link_
* _Mucor flavus Bainier_
* _Mucor fluvii Hyang B.Lee, S.H.Lee & T.T.T.Nguyen_
* _Mucor fragilis (Tode) Traverso_
* _Mucor fragilis Bainier_
* _Mucor fuscus (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Berl. & De Toni_
* _Mucor fuscus Bainier_
* _Mucor fusiformis Walther & de Hoog_
* _Mucor genevensis Lendn._
* _Mucor geophilus Oudem._
* _Mucor gigasporus G.Q.Chen & R.Y.Zheng_
* _Mucor griseocyanus Hagem_
* _Mucor guilliermondii Nadson & Filippov_
* _Mucor hachijyoensis Ts.Watan._
* _Mucor heterogamus Vuill._
* _Mucor hiemalis Wehmer_
* _Mucor hygrophilus Oudem._
* _Mucor inaequisporus Dade_
* _Mucor indicus Lendn._
* _Mucor irregularis Stchigel, Cano, Guarro & E.Álvarez_
* _Mucor japonicus (Komin.) Walther & de Hoog_
* _Mucor koreanus Hyang B.Lee, S.J.Jeon & T.T.Nguyen_
* _Mucor lahorensis J.H.Mirza, S.M.Khan, S.Begum & Shagufta_
* _Mucor lanceolatus Hermet_
* _Mucor lausannensis Lendn._
* _Mucor laxorrhizus Y.Ling_
* _Mucor lilianae Voglmayr & Clémençon_
* _Mucor limbiflorus (Tode) Sacc. & Traverso_
* _Mucor lusitanicus Bruderl._
* _Mucor luteus Linnem. ex Wrzosek_
* _Mucor megalocarpus Walther & de Hoog_
* _Mucor meguroensis Ts.Watan._
* _Mucor merdicola C.A.F.de Souza & A.L.Santiago_
* _Mucor microsporus Naumov_
* _Mucor microsporus Wamyslowski_
* _Mucor minimus (Tode) Link_
* _Mucor minutus (Baijal & B.S.Mehrotra) Schipper_
* _Mucor moelleri (Vuill.) Lendn._
* _Mucor mousanensis Baijal & B.S.Mehrotra_
* 大毛霉 _Mucor mucedo_ Fresen.
* _Mucor mucedo Lend.Ex Fries_
* _Mucor multiplex (R.Y.Zheng) Walther & de Hoog_
* _Mucor nanus Schipper & Samson_
* _Mucor nidicola A.A.Madden, Stchigel, Guarro, Deanna A.Sutton & Starks_
* _Mucor nucuum (Corda) Berl. & De Toni_
* _Mucor odoratus Treschew_
* _Mucor oosporus Link_
* _Mucor orantomantidis Hyang B.Lee, P.M.Kirk & T.T.T._
* _Mucor orodatus Treschew_
* _Mucor pakistanicus J.H.Mirza, S.M.Khan, S.Begum & Shagufta_
* _Mucor parviseptatus Walther & de Hoog_
* _Mucor parvispora Knonse_
* _Mucor pernambucoensis C.L.Lima, D.X.Lima & A.L.Santiago_
* _Mucor piriformis A.Fisch._
* _Mucor piriformis Fisher_
* _Mucor plasmaticus Tiegh._
* _Mucor plumbeus Bonord._
* _Mucor prayagensis B.S.Mehrotra & Nand ex Schipper_
* _Mucor pseudocircinelloides L.Wagner & G.Walther_
* _Mucor pseudolusitanicus L.Wagner & G.Walther_
* _Mucor psychrophilus Milko_
* _Mucor punjabensis J.H.Mirza, S.M.Khan, S.Begum & Shagufta_
* _Mucor racemosus Bull., 1791_
* _Mucor racemosus Fresen._
* _Mucor ramosissimus Samouts._
* _Mucor ravidus L.S.Loh & Nawawi_
* _Mucor renisporus K.Jacobs & Botha_
* _Mucor rudolphii Voglmayr & Clémençon_
* _Mucor saprophilus Novot._
* _Mucor sarawakensis L.S.Loh & Nawawi_
* _Mucor saturninus Hagem_
* _Mucor silvaticus Hagem_
* _Mucor sinensis Milko & Beliakova_
* _Mucor souzae C.A.de Souza, D.X.Lima & A.L.Santiago_
* _Mucor speciosus Oudem._
* _Mucor stercorarius Hyang B.Lee, P.M.Kirk & T.T.T.Nguyen_
* _Mucor stercoreus (Tode) Link_
* _Mucor stilbum (Tode) Sacc. & Traverso_
* _Mucor strictus Hagem_
* _Mucor subtilissimus Oudem._
* _Mucor succosus Berk._
* _Mucor suhagiensis M.D.Mehrotra_
* _Mucor sympodialis L.S.Loh & Kuthub._
* _Mucor tanatus L.S.Loh & Nawawi_
* _Mucor tenellus (Tode) Pers._
* _Mucor tenuis Link_
* _Mucor thermohyalospora Subrahm._
* _Mucor troglophilus Zalar_
* _Mucor ucrainicus Milko_
* _Mucor variicolumellatus L.Wagner & G.Walther_
* _Mucor variosporus Schipper_
* _Mucor verticillatus L.S.Loh & Kuthub._
* _Mucor viridescens Linnaeus, 1771_
* _Mucor zonatus Milko_
* _Mucor zychae Baijal & B.S.Mehrotra_

## 其他

因為大部分毛黴屬無法在溫暖環境中生長（接近攝氏 37 度），它們多不會感染人類和溫血動物。耐熱品種（_Mucor indicus_）可致壞死性且能快速傳播的接合菌病。

## 外部連結

* Mucor （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） at Zygomycetes.org
* _Mucor_ species （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） from Index Fungorum
* _Mucor_ page （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） from Index Fungorum