斑蛾科

**斑蛾科**（學名：Zygaenidae）是斑蛾總科昆蟲之下的一科，並分為 4 個亞科。全世界目前至少有超過 200 個屬及 1,000 多個物種已被命名。

## 特徵及生態

斑蛾科的成蟲多數為晝行性，飛行速度較慢，常可見飛舞於寄生植物周圍採食花蜜。

成蟲的外觀通常以灰色或黑色為底色，而頭胸部或腹部之間至後翅帶有鮮豔的色彩或金屬光澤，藉以警告天敵；常由幼蟲寄主植物中獲得醣苷，將有毒性的氫氰酸（HCN）儲存於體內藉以防止天敵的捕食。在缺乏提供氫氯酸植物的環境下，部分種類的斑蛾也能自行於體內合成並產生氫氰酸，且部分幼蟲能夠將其儲存於體內，緊急時排出體外以用於防衛天敵。其它物種間，也被觀察到對斑蛾進行擬態以達自衛的現象。成蟲具有發展完全的口器，以吸食花蜜為食。一般觸角為櫛狀，而雄性的觸角多呈羽毛狀。
靜止時，前翅常向後併攏，覆蓋住大部分後翅及腹部。

## 下級分類

本科包括以下屬：

* _Achelura_ Kirby, 1892
* _Acoloithus_ Clemens, 1860
* _Adscita_ Retzius, 1783
* _Aethioprocris_ Alberti, 1954
* 透翅錦斑蛾屬 _Agalope_ Walker, 1854
* _Aglaope_ Latreille, 1809
* _Agrumenia_ Hübner, 1819
* _Allobremeria_ Alberti, 1954
* _Allocaprima_ Hering, 1922
* _Allocyclosia_ Hering, 1922
* _Alloprocris_ Hering, 1925
* _Alteramenelikia_ Alberti, 1971
* _Amesia_ Duncan, 1841
* _Anarbudas_ Jordan, 1907
* _Ankasocris_ Viette, 1965
* _Aphantocephala_ Felder, 1861
* _Arachotia_ Moore, 1879
* _Araeocera_ Hampson, 1893
* _Arbudas_ Moore, 1879
* _Artona_ Walker, 1854
* _Astyloneura_ Gaede, 1914
* _Atelesia_ Jordan, 1930
* _Australartona_ Tarmann, 2004
* _Barbaroscia_ Hering, 1922
* _Boradia_ Moore, 1879
* _Boradiopsis_ Hering, 1922
* _Cadphises_ Moore, 1866
* _Callizygaena_ Felder, 1874
* 旭錦斑蛾屬 _Campylotes_ Westwood, 1840
* _Caprima_ Walker, 1865
* _Chalconycles_ Jordan, 1907
* _Chalcophaedra_ Jordan, 1907
* _Chalcosia_ Hübner, 1819
* _Chalcosiopsis_ Swinhoe, 1894
* _Charmona_ Dalman, 1820
* _Chilioprocris_ Jordan, 1913
* _Chrysartona_ Swinhoe, 1892
* 燦斑蛾屬 _Clelea_ Walker, 1854
* _Clematoessa_ Jordan, 1915
* _Cleoda_ Tremewan
* _Corma_ Walker, 1865
* _Cryptophysophilus_ Hering, 1922
* _Cyanidia_ Jordan, 1925
* _Cyclosia_ Hübner, 1820
* _Dendrocera_ Hampson, 1893
* _Doclea_ Walker, 1865
* _Docleomorpha_ Hering, 1922
* _Docleopsis_ Jordan, 1907
* _Dubernardia_ Alberti, 1954
* _Efetovia_ Mollet, 2001
* _Elcysma_ Butler, 1881
* _Ephemeroidea_ Hampson, 1893
* _Epiorna_ Alberti, 1954
* _Epizygaena_ Jordan, 1908
* _Erasmia_ Hope, 1841
* _Erasmiphlebohecta_ Strand, 1917
* _Erythroclelea_ Efetov & Tarmann, 1995
* 柄脈錦斑蛾屬 _Eterusia_ Hope, 1841
* _Euclimacia_ Jordan, 1913
* _Eucorma_ Jordan, 1907
* _Eucormopsis_ Jordan, 1907
* _Eumorphiopais_ Hering, 1922
* _Eusphalera_ Jordan, 1907
* _Euxanthopyge_ Hering, 1922
* _Formozygaena_ Inoue, 1987
* _Funeralia_ Alberti, 1954
* _Fuscartona_
* _Gaedea_ Hering, 1924
* _Gonioprocris_ Jordan, 1913
* _Gynatoceras_ Rambur, 1866
* _Gynautocera_ Guérin-Méneville, 1831
* _Hadrionella_ Jordan, 1925
* _Hampsonia_ Swinhoe, 1894
* _Harrisina_ Packard, 1864
* _Harrisinia_
* _Harrisinopsis_ Jordan, 1913
* _Harrisinula_ Hering, 1925
* _Hemiscia_ Jordan, 1907
* _Herpa_ Walker, 1854
* _Herpidia_ Bryk, 1936
* _Herpolasia_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1905
* _Hestiochora_ Meyrick, 1886
* _Heteropan_ Walker, 1854
* _Heteropanula_ Tarmann, 1992
* _Heterusinula_ Bryk, 1936
* _Histia_ Hübner, 1820
* _Hoerwertneria_ Tarmann, 1984
* _Homophylotis_ Turner, 1904
* _Hysteroscene_ Hering, 1925
* 鹿斑蛾屬 _Illiberis_ Walker, 1854
* _Inope_ Staudinger, 1887
* _Inouela_ Efetov, 1999
* _Ischnusia_ Jordan, 1928
* _Isocrambia_ Jordan, 1907
* _Jordanita_ Verity, 1946
* _Keilia_ Efetov, 2001
* _Kubia_ Matsumura, 1927
* _Lamontia_ Kaye, 1923
* _Leptozygaena_ Jordan, 1907
* _Levuana_ Bethune-Baker, 1906
* _Lophosoma_ Swinhoe, 1892
* _Madaprocris_ Viette, 1978
* _Malamblia_ Jordan, 1907
* _Malthaca_ Clemens, 1860
* _Mesembrynus_ Hübner, 1819
* _Metanycles_ Butler, 1876
* _Milleria_ Hering, 1922
* _Milleria_ Herrich-Schäffer, 1859
* _Milleriana_ Herrich-Schäffer, 1856
* _Mimascaptesyle_ Hering, 1922
* _Molletia_ Efetov, 2001
* _Monalita_ Tremewan, 1973
* _Morionia_ Jordan, 1910
* _Myrtartona_ Tarmann, 2004
* _Neoalbertia_ Tarmann, 1984
* _Neobalataea_ Alberti, 1954
* 新錦斑蛾屬 _Neochalcosia_ Yen & Yang, 1997
* _Neofelderia_ Tarmann, 1984
* _Neoilliberis_ Tarmann, 1984
* _Neoprocris_ Jordan, 1915
* _Neurosymploca_ Wallengren, 1858
* _Onceropyga_ Turner, 1906
* _Opisoplatia_ Jordan, 1907
* _Orna_ Kirby, 1892
* _Palmartona_ Tarmann, 2004
* _Panherpina_ Bryk, 1936
* _Papuaphlebohecta_ Yen, 2005
* _Parasyntomis_ Distant, 1897
* _Pernambis_ Schaus, 1920
* _Phacusa_ Walker, 1854
* _Philopator_ Moore, 1866
* _Phlebohecta_ Hampson, 1893
* _Piarosoma_ Hampson, 1893
* _Pidorus_ Walker, 1854
* _Platyzygaena_ Swinhoe, 1892
* _Pollanista_ Strand, 1915
* _Pollanisus_ Walker, 1854
* _Pompelon_ Walker, 1854
* _Praezygaena_ Alberti, 1954
* _Praviela_ Alberti, 1954
* _Procotes_ Butler, 1876
* _Procris_ Herrich-Schäffer, 1864
* _Procrisimilis_ Tarmann, 1984
* _Procrita_ Efetov & Tarmann, 1999
* _Procriterna_ Efetov & Tarmann, 2004
* _Prosopandrophila_ Hering, 1922
* _Psaphis_ Walker, 1854
* _Pseudarbudas_ Tarmann, 1992
* _Pseudoamuria_ Tarmann, 2004
* _Pseudoinope_ Efetov & Tarmann, 1999
* _Pseudonyctemera_ Snellen, 1903
* _Pseudopidorus_ Yen & Yang, 1997
* _Pseudoprocris_ Druce, 1884
* _Pseudoscaptesyle_ Hering, 1922
* _Pycnoctena_ Felder, 1874
* _Retina_ Walker, 1854
* _Rhagades_ Wallengren, 1863
* _Rhodopsona_ Jordan, 1907
* _Rjabovia_ Efetov & Tarmann, 1995
* _Roccia_ Alberti, 1954
* _Saliunca_ Walker, 1865
* _Saliuncella_ Jordan, 1907
* _Sciodoclea_ Jordan, 1907
* _Seryda_ Walker, 1856
* _Setiodes_ Herrich-Schäffer, 1866
* _Sinica_ Rebel, 1915
* 黃點黑斑蛾屬 _Soritia_ Walker, 1854
* _Sthenoprocris_ Hampson, 1920
* _Stylura_ Burmeister, 1878
* _Syringura_ Holland, 1893
* _Tarmannita_ Efetov, 2000
* _Tascia_ Walker, 1856
* _Tasema_ Walker, 1856
* _Tetraclonia_ Jordan, 1913
* _Thaumastophleps_ Jordan, 1907
* _Theresimima_ Strand, 1917
* _Thibetana_ Efetov & Tarmann, 1995
* _Thyrassia_ Butler, 1876
* _Tremewania_ Efetov & Tarmann, 1999
* _Triacanthia_ Romieux, 1937
* _Triprocris_ Grote, 1873
* _Trypanophora_ Kollar, 1844
* _Turneriprocris_ Bryk, 1936
* _Urodopsis_ Jordan, 1913
* _Vogleria_ Weyenbergh, 1876
* _Watermenia_ Owada & Horie, 2002
* _Wiegelia_ Efetov & Tarmann, 1995
* _Xenoprocris_ Romieux, 1937
* _Zikanella_ Hering, 1932
* _Zygaena_ Fabricius, 1775
* _Zygaenites_ Burgeff, 1951
* _Zygaenoprocris_ Hampson, 1900

## 常見物種

### 螢斑蛾亞科 （Chalcosiinae）

前翅形狀較為寬廣，體型中大。觸角前端呈扇狀者居多。

* * * * *

### 小斑蛾亞科 （Procridinae）

體型較短小，靜止時兩翅多併攏呈屋簷狀。

* * *

### 斑蛾亞科 （Zygaeninae）

前翅較為狹長；觸角多為細長狀或棍棒狀。多數分布於歐洲、北非等地（除中華毛斑蛾外）

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## 參見

* 斑蛾科屬名列表（英語維基連結）

## 參考文獻