戈多丁_(诗歌)

**《戈多丁》**（威爾斯語：Y Gododdin，發音：[ə ɡɔˈdɔðɪn]）是一首中世紀的威爾斯語詩歌，由一系列獻給布立吞王國戈多丁的人民及其同盟的輓歌組成。通常解釋他們犧牲於卡特里克之戰中，對抗德伊勒與伯尼西亞的盎格魯人。傳統上認為其為吟遊詩人阿內林所著，留世的抄本只有一本，稱為阿內林之書。

大多學者認為記載的這場戰役發生於 600 年左右，但成詩的日期很有爭議。一些學者認為，戰役後很短時間內，最初的口述版本就成形於「古老北地」（大不列顛北部講布立吞語的地區）。假定如此，該詩最初的語言就是當時該地區的通行的坎伯蘭語；它也就成了今蘇格蘭地區現存最古老的詩歌。但其他人則認為，《戈多丁》源於 9 或 10 世紀的威爾斯。如果是 9 世紀的作品，就是最初的威爾斯詩歌之一。

戈多丁覆蓋今蘇格蘭東南部和諾森伯蘭郡的領土，是「古老北地」的一部分，在羅馬時代叫做沃塔迪尼。這首詩描寫了 300（或 363）名精英勇士會集起來的過程，其中一些人甚至來自於遙遠的皮克特蘭和格溫內斯。在 _Din Eidyn_（今愛丁堡）盛宴一年後，他們進攻了卡特里克（通常認為是北約克郡的卡特里克）。面對壓倒性的優勢，幾天的戰鬥後，幾乎所有的勇士都犧牲了。該詩內容不是敘事，但其氣概有如英雄詩，強調英雄們為了榮譽而戰鬥。

這首詩現存的手稿以部分中古威爾斯語和部分古威爾斯語寫成，時間追溯至 13 世紀下半葉。這份手稿里有與戈多丁毫無關係的幾節詩，一般認為是添寫的。 其中一節提到了亞瑟王，如果能證明這一節出自 6 世紀末 7 世紀初，就可以作為已知最早的出處而極具重要性。

## 注釋

## 參考資料

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## 外部連結

* Colour facsimile of the Book of Aneirin from "Gathering the Jewels
* * _Y Gododin_ - 古騰堡計劃 in Welsh and English translation by John Williams
* The Book of Aneurin, original text and English translation by Skene
* Edinburgh Castle, and comment on "Y Gododdin"