布莱克本飞机有限公司

**布萊克本飛機有限公司**是一家英國飛機航空工業製造商，在 20 世紀上半葉主要生產海軍飛機與水上飛機。

## History

羅伯特・布萊克本 1908 年在利茲創辦公司開始製造飛機。1914 年公司的奧林匹亞工廠在朗德海開辦。

1914 年布萊克本飛機與發動機公司開辦。 1916 年在東約克郡布拉夫創辦新工廠。 羅伯特的兄弟諾曼・布萊克本成為董事總經理。1937 年併購了 Cirrus-Hermes，布萊克本公司由此開始生產飛機發動機，即 Blackburn Cirrus 系列。

1949 年合併了英國通用飛機有限公司，改名為「布萊克本與通用飛機有限公司」。1958 年又改回布萊克本飛機有限公司。

1960 年與 1961 年，布萊克本公司的飛機製造與發動機製造分別併入了霍克・西德利與布里斯托・西德利發動機有限公司。布萊克本的名字在 1963 年徹底廢棄。

## 飛機產品清單

* Blackburn First Monoplane (1909) – Single-engine, single-seat high-wing monoplane aircraft
* Blackburn Second Monoplane (1911) – Single-engine midwing monoplane aircraft.
* Blackburn Mercury (1911) – Single-engine, two-seat midwing monoplane training aircraft
* Blackburn Type B (1912) – Single-engine, two-seat midwing monoplane training aircraft. A development of the Blackburn Mercury
* Blackburn Type D (1912) – Single-engine single-seat mid-winged monoplane. Preserved in flying condition by the Shuttleworth Collection at Old Warden, and survives as the oldest British-built aircraft.
* Blackburn Type E (1912) – Single-engine, midwing metal-framed monoplanes, one single-seater one twin.
* Blackburn Type I (1913) – Single-engine 1/2-seat mid-wing monoplane built both as land- and seaplane.
* Blackburn Type L (1914) – Single-engine two-seat biplane seaplane.
* AD Scout (1915) – Admiralty designed single-engine, single-seat pusher anti-Zeppelin aircraft. Two each built by Blackburn and by Hewlett & Blondeau.
* Blackburn Twin Blackburn (1915) – Twin-fuselage, two-engine, two-seat anti-Zeppelin seaplane.
* Blackburn General Purpose (1916) – Twin-engine three-seat seaplane biplane anti-submarine patrol bomber.
* Blackburn Triplane (1916) – Blackburn-designed triplane version of Scout
* Blackburn White Falcon (1916) – Single-engine two-seat mid-wing monoplane.
* Blackburn R.T.1 Kangaroo (1918) – Twin-engine, three-seat biplane reconnaissance/torpedo bomber
* Blackburn N.1B (1918) – Single-engine single-seat biplane flying boat escort bomber (started; not finished; **never flew**).
* Blackburn Blackburd (1918) – Single-engine, single-seat biplane torpedo bomber
* Blackburn Sidecar (1919) Single-engine two-seat mid wing monoplane ultra light: **may not have flown**.
* Blackburn T.1 Swift (1920) – Single-engine, single-seat floatplane torpedo bomber
* Blackburn T.2 Dart (1921) – Single-engine, single-seat biplane torpedo bomber
* Alula D.H.6 (1921) – Experimental aircraft to test the Alula wing using an Airco DH.6 fuselage.
* Alula Semiquaver (1921) – Single-engine Alula wing conversion of the Martinsyde Semiquaver.
* Blackburn R.1 Blackburn (1922) – Single-engine, three-seat biplane naval spotter/reconnaissance aircraft.
* Blackburn Pellet (1923) – Single-engine single-seat biplane Schneider racer.
* Blackburn Bluebird (1924) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane training/touring aircraft
* Blackburn T.4 Cubaroo (1924) – Single-engine, four-seat large biplane torpedo bomber.
* Blackburn T.3 Velos (1925) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane bomber floatplane
* Blackburn R.2 Airedale (1925) – Single-engine three-seat high-wing monoplane reconnaissance.
* Blackburn T.5 Ripon (1926) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane reconnaissance/torpedo bomber
* Blackburn Sprat (1926) single-engine two-seat biplane advanced trainer.
* Blackburn R.B.1 Iris (1926) – Three-engine, five-seat biplane flying boat
* Blackburn F.1 Turcock (1928) – Single-engine fighter aircraft.
* Blackburn F.2 Lincock (1928) – Single-engine, single-seat biplane fighter.
* Blackburn Beagle (1928) – Single-engine two-seat two-seat biplane bomber.
* Blackburn Bluebird IV (1929) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane training/touring aircraft.
* Blackburn 2F.1 Nautilus (1929) – Single-engine two-seat engine biplane fighter
* Blackburn T.7B (1929) – Single-engine three-seat biplane bomber/reconnaissance for Japanese Navy.
* Blackburn R.B.2 Sydney (1930) – Three-engine, four-seat parasol-wing long-range flying boat.
* Blackburn C.B.2 Nile (1930) – Three-engine, two-seat parasol-wing cargo transport, a variant of the Sydney.
* Blackburn B-1 Segrave (1930) – Twin-engine, four-seat low-wing monoplane touring aircraft
* Blackburn C.A.15C (1932) – Twin-engine ten passenger high-wing monoplane/ biplane airliner.
* Blackburn T.8 Baffin (1932) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane torpedo bomber.
* Blackburn B-2 (1932) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane training aircraft.
* Blackburn B-3 M.1/30 (1932) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane naval torpedo bomber.
* Blackburn B-5 Baffin (1932)
* Blackburn R.B.3 Perth (1933) – Three-engine, five-seat biplane flying boat.
* Blackburn T.9 Shark (1933) – single-engine, three-seat carrier-based biplane torpedo bomber; see also the prototype named Blackburn B-6 Shark (1933)
* Blackburn F.3 (1934) – Single-engine single-seat biplane fighter: built, **never flew**
* Blackburn B-7 (1934) – General-purpose biplane.
* Blackburn B-9 (H.S.T. 10) (1936) – Twin-engine twelve-passenger low-wing monoplane airliner: built, **never flew**
* Blackburn B-24 Skua (1937) – Single-engine, two-seat low-wing monoplane naval fighter/dive bomber
* Blackburn B-25 Roc (1938) – Single-engine, two-seat low-wing monoplane naval fighter/dive bomber with rear turret (built by Boulton Paul Aircraft)
* Blackburn B-26 Botha (1938) – Twin-engine, four-seat high-wing monoplane reconnaissance/torpedo bomber & crew trainer
* Blackburn B-29: Submission for a naval torpedo-bomber reconnaissance aircraft to Specification S.24/37 (which resulted in the Fairey Barracuda); mock-up only, never flew.
* Blackburn B-20 (1940) – Twin-engine, six-seat experimental monoplane retractable-hull flying boat.
* Blackburn B-37 Firebrand F Mk.I (1942) – Single-engine, single-seat propeller naval fighter
* Blackburn B.44 (1942) – Single-engine flying-boat fighter
* Blackburn B-45 Firebrand TF Mk.II (1943) – Single-engine, single-seat propeller naval strike fighter.
* Blackburn B-46 Firebrand TF Mk.IV (1945) – Single-engine, single-seat propeller naval strike fighter.
* Blackburn B-48 Firecrest (Y.A.1) (1947) – Single-engine, single-seat propeller naval strike fighter.
* Blackburn B-50 (1945) – Design proposal for a single engine Nene powered Fleet Air Arm strike fighter. Not built.
* Blackburn B-52 – Design proposal for a single-engined advanced trainer to meet Specification T.7/45. Not built.
* Blackburn B-67 (1947) – Design proposal for a naval fighter to specification N40/46. Not built.
* Blackburn B-68 (1946) – Design proposal for a naval fighter. Not built.
* Blackburn B-71 (1947) – Design proposal for a flexible deck landing version of B.67. Not built.
* Blackburn B-74 (1947) – Design proposal for a naval fighter. Not built.
* Blackburn B-54 (Y.A.5, Y.A.7, Y.A.8) (1949) – single-piston-engine, two-seat contra-rotating propeller naval anti-submarine aircraft.
* Blackburn B-82 (1949) – Design proposal for a naval fighter to specification N.14/49.
* Blackburn B-88 (Y.B.1) (1950) – single-turboprop-engine, two-seat contra-rotating propeller naval anti-submarine aircraft
* Blackburn B-89 (1951) – Submission for a naval fighter to specification N.114T.
* Blackburn B-90 (1951) – Design proposal for an experimental swing wing aircraft to ER.110T. Not built.
* Blackburn B-94 (1951) – Design proposal for a flexible deck landing version of B.90. Not built.
* Handley Page HP.88 (Blackburn Y.B.2) (1951) – Experimental aircraft for Handley Page using a Supermarine-built fuselage.
* Blackburn B-95 (1952) – Design proposal for a revised version of B.89.
* Blackburn B-97 (1952) – Design proposal for a rocket powered fighter to specification F.124T. Not built.
* Blackburn B-99 (1952) – Development of N.97. Not built.
* Blackburn B-101 Beverley (1950) – four-engine, high-wing, propellers, transport airplane (designed by General Aircraft)
* Blackburn B-102 (1952) – Design proposal for a mixed powerplant fighter based on B.89 and B.95. Not built.
* Blackburn B-103 Buccaneer (Y.B.3) (1958) – twin-engine, two-seat jet naval strike aircraft to specification NA.39
* Blackburn B-109 (1958) – Design proposal for a Mach 1.5 strike fighter version of the Buccaneer for the Canadian Air Force. Not built.
* Blackburn B-112 (1958) – Design proposal for a Mach 1.5 fighter version of the Buccaneer for the Royal Navy. Not built.
* Blackburn B-117 (1960) – Design proposal for a high attitude fighter version of the Buccaneer. Not built.
* Blackburn B-120 (1962) – Design proposal for a Mach 1.8 fighter version of the Buccaneer. Not built.

## 活塞發動機

* Blackburn Cirrus Major (1936)
* Blackburn Cirrus Minor (1937)
* Blackburn Cirrus Midget (1937)
* Blackburn Cirrus Bombardier (c. 1954)

## 渦輪發動機

* Blackburn-Turbomeca Artouste (1947)
* Blackburn-Turbomeca Palas (1950)
* Blackburn-Turbomeca Palouste (1952)
* Blackburn-Turbomeca A.129 (later known as the Bristol Siddeley Nimbus, then Rolls-Royce Nimbus) (1958)

## 參見

* 英國航宇工業

## 參考文獻

* Abraham, Barry. Post-War Yorkshire Airfields. Stroud: Tempus. 2002. ISBN 0-7524-2390-8.
* Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's all the world's aircraft, 1942. New York: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co. 1943. OCLC 26177288.
* Buttler, Tony. British Secret Projects : Jet Fighters since 1950 ( 2nd edition) (Hardback). Manchester: Crecy Publishing. 2017. ISBN 978-1-910-80905-1.
* Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore. Action Stations 4; Military Airfields of Yorkshire. Cambridge: Patrick Stephens Ltd. 1982. ISBN 0-85059-532-0.
* Otter, Patrick. Yorkshire Airfields in the Second World War 4. Newbury: Countryside Books. 2003. ISBN 1-85306-542-0.

## 外部連結

* The history of Blackburn Aircraft Ltd. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* 有關布萊克本飛機有限公司在德國經濟學中央圖書館（ZBW）20 世紀新聞檔案中的 Documents and clippings。