威廉·C·奇蒂克

**威廉・C・柴提克** (英語：William C. Chittick, (1943-06-29) 1943 年 6 月 29 日) 是一位美國的哲學家、作家、伊斯蘭古典哲學與神秘學文獻的翻譯家與口譯員。他因關於魯米與伊本・阿拉比的研究著作而聞名，著述了大量關於伊本・阿拉比的學說以及伊斯蘭哲學和宇宙學的著作。

柴提克的妻子是日裔伊斯蘭研教法學家村田幸子，兩人都在德黑蘭大學取得了波斯文學博士，現在也都在石溪大學任教。

## 個人經歷

1943 年，柴提克出生於康乃狄克州的米爾福德，本科畢業於俄亥俄州的伍斯特學院的歷史學系。1964 年至 1965 年期間，他在黎巴嫩的貝魯特美國大學學習伊斯蘭教歷史。在貝魯特美國大學，他對蘇菲主義產生興趣，並參加了當時在該校擔任客座教授的賽義德・海珊・納斯爾（波斯語：سید حسین نصر‎）舉辦的公開講座。

1966 年，柴提克抵達伊朗，在德黑蘭大學攻讀波斯文學博士。1974 年，他在納斯爾的指導下，於伊朗德黑蘭大學取得了波斯文學的博士學位。此後他在謝里夫理工大學教授比較宗教學，並於 1978 年加入了伊朗帝國哲學學術院。

1979 年，在伊斯蘭革命爆發前夕，柴提克不得不與妻子村田幸子一起離開了伊朗。

目前，柴提克是石溪大學亞洲與亞裔美國人研究系的特聘教授。在 80 年代初期，他曾擔任伊朗百科全書的副主編。2014 年，他因學術貢獻而獲頒古根海姆獎。

## 著作列表

### 著作

* _The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi: An Introduction_ (Tehran: Aryamehr University Press, 1974). A new edition, _The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi_, released in 2005 (see below).
* _The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi_ (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983). It has been translated into Russian (1995), Indonesian (2000), Persian (2004, 2005) and Bosnian (2005).
* _The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-'Arabi's Metaphysics of Imagination_ (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989). It has been partially translated into Indonesian (2001) and fully into Persian (2010).
* _Imaginal Worlds: Ibn al-'Arabi and the Problem of Religious Diversity_ (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994). It has been translated into Turkish (1999), Indonesian (2001), Spanish (2004) and Persian (2004, 2005, 2007).
* With Sachiko Murata, _The Vision of Islam_ (New York: Paragon, 1994). It has been translated into Persian (1999), Turkish (2000), Indonesian (2005), Albanian (2008), Urdu (2008) and Russian (2014).
* _Varolmanın Boyutları (The Dimensions of Existence)_ A collection of seventeen essays edited and translated by Turan Koç (Istanbul: Insan Yayınları, 1997).
* _The Self-Disclosure of God: Principles of Ibn al-'Arabi's Cosmology_ (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998).
* _Sufism: A Short Introduction_ (Oxford: Oneworld, 2000). It has been translated into Indonesian (2002), Turkish (2003), Persian (2004, 2007), Albanian (2007), Italian (2009) and Russian (2012).
* _The Heart of Islamic Philosophy:The Quest for Self-Knowledge in the Teachings of Afdal al-Din Kashani_ (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). It has been translated into Persian (2011).
* _Ibn 'Arabi: Heir to the Prophets_ (Oxford: Oneworld, 2005). It has been translated into German (2012), Albanian (2012), Turkish (2014), Persian (2014) and Arabic (2015).
* _The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi: Illustrated Edition_ (Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom, 2005). It has been translated into Spanish (2008) and Albanian (2009).
* _Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul: The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology in the Modern World_ (Oxford: Oneworld, 2007). It has been translated into Persian (2009), Indonesian (2010), Turkish (2010) and Albanian (2011).
* With Sachiko Murata and Tu Weiming, _The Sage Learning of Liu Zhi: Islamic Thought in Confucian Terms_ (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Centre, 2009).
* _In Search of the Lost Heart: Explorations in Islamic Thought._ An anthology of Chittick's writings (from 1975 to 2012) edited by Mohammed Rustom, Atif Khalil, and Kazuyo Murata (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2012). It has been translated into Persian. (2017)
* _Divine Love: Islamic Literature and the Path to God_ (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013). It has been translated into Persian (2016).

### 論文

* "Il sufismo operativo in Rumi" (translated into Italian by Elémire Zolla), _Conoscenza religiosa_, Vol. 3 (1975), pp. 272–288
* "A Shadhili Presence in Shi'ite Islam （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）?", _Sophia Perennis_, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1975), pp. 97–100
* "Ibn`Arabi's own Summary of the Fusûs: 'The Imprint of the Bezels of Wisdom （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）'", _Sophia Perennis_, Vol. 1 No. 2 (1975), pp. 88–128
* ""Matâli`-i îmân" by Sadr al-Dîn Qûnawî [d. 1273], edition of the Persian text", _Sophia Perennis_, Vol. 4, No. 1 (1978), pp. 57–80
* "The Last Will and Testament of Ibn 『Arabi’s Foremost Disciple and Some Notes on its Author （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Sophia Perennis_, Vol. 4, No. 1 (1978), pp. 43–58
* "The Perfect Man as the Prototype of the Self in the Sufism of Jāmī （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Studia Islamica_, No. 49 (1979), pp. 135–157
* ""Lama'at (Divine Flashes [of Fakhruddin 'Iraqi]), Selections Translated" (with P.L. Wilson)", _Gnosis_, Vol. 7-8 (1979), pp. 23-46
* "Commentary on a Hadith by Sadr al-Din Qunawi （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Alserat_, Vol. 4, No. 1, (1980), pp. 23-30. Translated by Grazia Marchianò, "Un commento esoterico di Sadr Al-Din Qunawi." _Conoscenza religiosa_, 1983/1, pp. 10–17
* "Sultan Burhan al-Din's Sufi Correspondence （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes_, Vol. 73 (1981), pp. 33–45
* "Sadr al-Dīn Qūnawī on the Oneness of Being （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _International Philosophical Quarterly_ 21 (2):171-184 (1981)
* "Mysticism versus Philosophy in Earlier Islamic History: The Al-Ṭūsī, Al-Qūnawī Correspondence （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Religious Studies_, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Mar., 1981), pp. 87–104
* "Jami on Divine Love and the image of wine （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Studies in Mystical Literature_, Vol. 1, No. 3 (1981), pp. 193–209
* "The Five Divine Presences: From al-Qunawi to al-Qaysari （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Muslim World_, 72 (1982), pp. 107–28. Turkish translation by Turan Koç, "Bes Ilahî Hazret: el-Konevî'den el-Kayserî'ye," Uluslararasi Davud el-Kayserî Sempozyumu. Ankara: Kayserî Büyüksehir Belediyese Kültür Müdürlügü, 1998, pp. 347–63
* "Words of the All-Merciful （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Parabola_, Vol. 8, No. 3 (1983), pp. 18–25
* "The chapter headings of the Fusus （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society_, Vol. 2, 1984, pp. 41–94
* "Beatific Vision and Poetic Imagery in Bahâ' Walad （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Studies in Mystical Literature_, Vol. 5, No. 2 (1985), pp. 21–32; also _Sufi_, Vol. 7 (1990), pp. 5–9
* "Islam and the Loss of Equilibrium", _Journal of Dharma_, Vol. 10, No. 1 (1985), pp. 42–59; also _Islamic Quarterly_, Vol. 20 (1986), pp. 165–178
* "Rumi's View of Imam Husayn", _Alserat_, Vol. 12, No. 1-2 (1986), pp. 3–12. Translated into Persian by Hasan Lâhûtî as "Imâm Husayn dar Nagâh-i Mawlawî", _Mîrâth-i Jâwîdân_, Vol. 17 (1376/1997), pp. 92–95; also in _Gulistân_, Vol. 2, No. 3 (1377/1998), pp. 107–18
* "Belief and Transformation: The Sufi Teachings of Ibn al-`Arabî （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", The American Theosophist, Vol. 74, No. 5 (1986), pp. 181–192
* "'God Surrounds all Things': An Islamic Perspective on the Environment （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _The World and I_, Vol. 1, No. 6 (June 1986), pp. 671–678
* ""Rumi's View of Death （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）" _Alserat_, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1987), pp. 30–51
* "From the Meccan Openings: The Myth of the Origin of Religion and the Law （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", The World and I, Vol. 3, No. 1 (January 1988), pp. 655–665
* "Death and the World of Imagination - Ibn al-Arabi's Eschatology", _The Muslim World_, 78 (1988), pp. 51–82. Turkish translation by T. Koç. Yeldi Iklim 2, May 1992, pp. 41–46. Italian translation by Walter Librale, 「La morte et il 『mundo immaginale’: l』escatologia akbariana", _Perennia Verba_, Vol. 4 (2000), pp. 59–106
* "The World of Imagination and Poetic Imagery According to Ibn al-`Arabî （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Temenos_, Vol. 10 (1989), pp. 99–119
* "The Love Song of Ayatollah Khomeini" (with P. Clawson)", _The New Republic_ (Sept. 4, 1989), p. 35
* ""Khwâja Khurd's Treatise on the Gnostic", _Sufi_, Vol. 5 (1990), pp. 11–12. Persian as "Risâla-yi 'ârif-i Khwâja Khurd", _Sûfî_, Vol. 4 (1368 [1989]), pp. 22–25
* "The Theological Roots of War and Peace in Islam （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Islamic Quarterly_, Vol. 34 (1990), pp. 145–163
* "The Islamic Concept of Human Perfection （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）" _The World and I_, Vol. 6, No. 2 (February 1991), pp. 498–513
* "Ebn al-`Arabi as Lover", _Sufi_, Vol. 9 (1991), pp. 6–9. Persian translation by S. Hamza'î, _Sûfî_, Vol. 13 (1370/1991), pp. 12–17.
* "The Bodily Positions of the Ritual Prayer （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Sufi_, Vol. 12 (1991–92), pp. 16–18. French translation by E. de Longrée as "Les gestes de la prière en Islam", _Initiations_, Vol. 7 (1991–92), pp. 15–19
* "The Way of the Sufi （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Sufi_, Vol. 14 (1992), pp. 5–10
* "Notes on Ibn al-'Arabî's Influence in India （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Muslim World_, Vol. 82 (1992), pp. 218–41
* "Khwâja Khurd wa risâla-yi Nûr-i wahdat-i way", _Iran Nameh_, Vol. 11, No. 1 (1993), pp. 101–20
* "The Spiritual Path of Love in Ibn al-'Arabi and Rumi （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Mystics Quarterly_, Vol. 19, No. 1 (March 1993), pp. 4–16
* "Meetings with Imaginal Men", _Sufi_, Vol. 19 (1993), pp. 8–13.
* "Ahmad Sam`ânî on Divine Mercy （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Sufi_, Vol. 27 (1995), pp. 5–11
* "The Divine Roots of Human Love （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society_, Volume 17, 1995
* "The Muhammadan Inheritance （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Horizons Maghrébins_, Vol. 30 (Hiver 1995), pp. 55–61; reprinted in _Iqbal Review_, Vol. 38, 1997, pp. 141–50
* "Presence with God （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society_, Vol. 20, 1996, pp. 15–32
* "Can the Islamic Intellectual Heritage be Recovered （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）?", _Iqbal Review_, Vol. 40, No. 3 (1998), pp. 11–25
* "The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology: Reflections on the Philosophy of Afdal al-Din Kashani （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Journal of Religious Thought_ (Andîsha-yi dînî, Shiraz University), Vol. 1 (1999), pp. 3–20
* "Words to the Wise", _Sufi_, Vol. 42 (1999), pp. 41–43
* "Time, Space, and the Objectivity of Ethical Norms: The Teachings of Ibn al-'Arabī （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Islamic Studies_, Vol. 39, No. 4, Special Issue: Islam and Science (Winter 2000), pp. 581–596
* "On the Teleology of Perception （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Transcendent Philosophy_, Vol. 1 (2000), pp. 1–18
* "The Goal of Islamic Philosophy: Reflections on the Works of Afdal al-Din Kashani （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Sacred Web_, Vol. 5 (2000), pp. 17–29
* "The Disclosure of the Intervening Image: Ibn 'Arabî on Death （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Discourse_, Vol. 24, No. 1, Mortals to Death (Winter 2002), pp. 51–62
* "The Pluralistic Vision of Persian Sufi Poetry （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations_, Vol. 14, No. 4 (October 2003), pp. 423–428
* "The central point : Qunawi's role in the school of Ibn 'Arabi （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society_, Vol. 35, 2004, pp. 25–45
* "Slumber Seizes Him Not - The remedy for forgetfulness （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Parabola_, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2005 : 32
* "Spirit, body and in-between - ambiguity and the intermediate realm （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Parabola_, Vol. 30, No. 3, 2005 : 6
* "The wisdom of animals （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society_, Vol. 46, 2009, pp. 27–37
* "The anthropology of compassion （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society_, Vol. 48, 2010, pp. 1–17
* "The religion of love revisited （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society_, Vol. 54, 2013, pp. 37–59
* "Love in Islamic Thought （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", _Religion Compass_, Vol. 8, No. 7 (2014), pp. 229–38

### 編纂

* With Seyyed Hossein Nasr (vols. 1-3) and Peter Zirnis (vols. 2-3), _An Annotated Bibliography of Islamic Science_ (Tehran: Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy, 1975–78, vols. 1-2; Tehran: Cultural Studies and Research Institute, 1991, vol. 3).
* 'Abd al-Rahmân Jâmî, _Naqd al-nusûs fi sharh naqsh al-fusûs_, Persian and Arabic text with critical apparatus, notes, English and Persian introductions, indexes (Tehran: Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy, 1977).
* _The Works of Seyyed Hossein Nasr Through His Fortieth Birthday._ Edited and Introduced (Uppsala: University of Utah Press, 1977).
* _The Inner Journey: Views from the Islamic Tradition._ Edited and Introduced (Sandpoint, ID: White Thread Press, 2007).
* _The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr._ Edited and Introduced (Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom, 2007).

### 翻譯

* Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, _A Shi'ite Anthology_ (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1981).
* Javad Nurbakhsh, _Sufism [I] : Meaning, Knowledge, and Unity_ (New York: Khaniqahi-Nimatullahi, 1981).
* Fakhr al-Din 'Iraqi, _Divine Flashes._ Translated with P.L. Wilson (New York: Paulist Press, 1982).
* Javad Nurbakhsh, _Sufism [II]: Fear and Hope, Contraction and Expansion, Gathering and Dispersion, Intoxication and Sobriety, Annihilation and Subsistence_ (New York: Khaniqahi-Nimatullahi, 1982).
* Ali ibn Abi Talib, _Supplications (Du'â)_, (London: Muhammadi Trust, 1982).
* Zayn al-'Abidin, _The Psalms of Islam._ Translated and introduced (London: Muhammadi Trust, 1988). Reprinted as _The Psalms of Islam: English Version_ (UK: al-Mahdi Institute, and Marsta, Sweden: Me'raj Educational Publishers, 2007).
* Javad Nurbakhsh, _Sufism IV: Repentance, Abstinence, Renunciation, Wariness, Humility, Humbleness, Sincerity, Steadfastness, Courtesy_ (London: Khaniqahi-Nimatullahi, 1988).
* William Chittick (editor), _Faith and Practice of Islam: Three Thirteenth Century Sufi Texts_ (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992).
* 'Abd al-Rahman Jami, _Gleams._ Translated in Sachiko Murata, _Chinese Gleams of Sufi Light: Wang Tai-yu's Great Learning of the Pure and Real and Liu Chih's Displaying the Concealment of the Real Realm_ (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000).
* Mulla Sadra, _The Elixir of the Gnostics._ Translated, Edited, and Introduced (Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 2003).
* Shams al-Din Tabrizi, _Me and Rumi: The Autobiography of Shams-i Tabrizi._ Annotated and Translated (Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2004).
* Ibn 'Arabi, select translations from _The Meccan Revelations._ Translated by Michel Chodkiewicz (ed.), _The Meccan Revelations_ (New York: Pir Press, 2004).
* Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi, _The Texts._ Translated in Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Mehdi Aminrazavi (eds.), _An Anthology of Philosophy in Persia,_ vol. 4 (London: I.B. Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2012). Note: The translation of this text in this volume is slightly abridged. For the complete translation, see https://www.academia.edu/8101330/Sadr\_al-Din\_Qunawi\_The\_Texts\_al-Nusus\_ （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Aqa Muhammad Rida Qumsha'i, _On the Oneness of Existence, or Rather, the Existent_ and _Addendum to the Ringstone on Seth from 'The Ringstones of Wisdom': On the Topics of Friendship._ （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Translated in Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Mehdi Aminrazavi (eds.), _An Anthology of Philosophy in Persia,_ vol. 5 (London: I.B. Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2015).
* Rashid al-Din Maybudi, select translations from _The Unveiling of the Mysteries and the Provision of the Pious_ （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (Louisville: Fons Vitae, 2015). Also available online at Altafsir.com （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.
* Aḥmad Samʿānī, _The Repose of the Spirits: A Sufi Commentary on the Divine Names._ Translated and Introduced (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2019).

## 另見

村田幸子

蘇菲主義

魯米

伊本・阿拉比

## 腳註

## 外部連結

* Personal Website （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* All of Chittick's articles, as well as a number of his translations and interviews with him (downloadable for free)
* "Mysticism in Islam" - lecture delivered at the Center for International Studies, Brigham Young University, May 2003 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Free recording the 2001 Paths to the Heart Conference – lecture and Q&A section （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Audio lecture on the Myth of the Fall of Adam in Ahmad Sam'ani's _Refreshment of Spirits_ （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.
* An article on Chittick's understanding of self and cosmos （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.