威廉·鮑莫爾

**威廉・傑克・鮑莫爾**（**William Jack Baumol**，1922 年 2 月 26 日 —2017 年 5 月 4 日），美國經濟學家，紐約大學經濟學系教授，同時也是普林斯頓大學教授。他做了大量有關勞動市場和其他影響經濟之要素的研究，此外也還做了對經濟思想史方面重要的貢獻。鮑莫爾較廣為人知的研究有可競爭市場、交易性貨幣需求的鮑莫爾 - 托賓模型、鮑莫爾成本病、庇古稅等。

## 生平

2006 年，美國經濟學會的年度會議中，特別地以鮑莫爾的名字為名召開，會中更介紹了鮑莫爾教授 12 篇有關企業家精神的論文，推崇尊敬他多年來在這方面的研究貢獻。

## 著作

* "Community Indifference", 1946, _RES_
* "A Community Indifference Map: A construction", 1949, _RES_.
* "A Formalization of Mr. Harrod's Model", 1949, _EJ_.
* "The Analogy between Producer and Consumer Equilibrium Analysis", with Helen Makower, 1950, _Economica_.
* _Economic Dynamics_, with R. Turvey, 1951.
* "The Transaction Demand for Cash: An inventory-theoretic approach", 1952, _QJE_.
* "The Classical Monetary Theory: The outcome of the discussion", with G.S. Becker, 1952, _Economica_.
* _Welfare Economics and the Theory of the State_, 1952.
* "Firms with Limited Money Capital", 1953, _Kyklos_.
* _Economic Processes and Policies_, with L.V. Chandler, 1954.
* "More on the Multiplier Effect of a Balanced Budget", with M.H. Peston, 1955, _AER_.
* "Acceleration without Magnification", 1956, _AER_.
* "Variety in Retailing", with E.A. Ide, 1956 _Management Science_.
* "Speculation, Profitability and Stability", 1957, _REStat_.
* "Activity Analysis in One Lesson", 1958, _AER_.
* "On the Theory of Oligopoly", 1958, _Economica_.
* "Topology of Second Order Linear Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients", 1958, _Econometrica_.
* "The Cardinal Utility which is Ordinal", 1958, _EJ_.
* _Business Behavior, Value and Growth_, 1959.
* "Integer Programming and Pricing", with R.E. Gomory, 1960, _Econometrica_.
* _Economic Theory and Operations Analysis_, 1961.
* "What Can Economic Theory Contribute to Managerial Economics?", 1961, _AER_.
* "Pitfalls in Contracyclical Policies: Some tools and results", 1961, _REStat_.
* "The Theory of Expansion of the Firm", 1962, _AER_.
* "Stocks, Flows and Monetary Theory", 1962, _QJE_.
* "An Expected Gain-Confidence Limit Criterion for Portfolio Selection", 1963, _Management Science_.
* "Rules of Thumb and Optimally Imperfect Decisions", with R. E. Quandt, 1964, American Economic Review, 54, p. 23-46
* "Decomposition, Pricing for Decentralization and External Economics", with T.Fabian, 1964, _Management Science_.
* "On the Performing Arts: the anatomy of their economic problems", with W.G. Bowen, 1965, _AER_.
* "Investment and Discount Rates Under Capital Rationing", with R.E.Quandt, 1965, _EJ_.
* "Informed Judgement, Rigorous Theory and Public Policy", 1965, _Southern EJ_.
* _The Stock Market and Economic Efficiency_, 1965.
* _Performing Arts: the economic dilemma_, 1966.
* "The Ricardo Effect in Point-Input, Point-Output Case", 1966, _Essays in Mathematical Economics in Honor of Oskar Morgenstern_.
* "Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: The anatomy of urban crisis", 1967, _AER_.
* "Calculation of Optimal Product and Retailer Characteristics", 1967, _JPE_.
* "The Firm's Optimal Debt-Equity Combination and the Cost of Capital", with B.G. Malkiel, 1967, _QJE_.
* "Error Produced by Linearization in Mathematical Programming", with R. Bushnell, 1967, _Econometrica_.
* "The Dual of Nonlinear Programming and its Economic Interpretation", with M.L.Balinski, 1968, _RES_.
* "Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory", 1968, May, _American Economic Review_
* "On the Social Rate of Discount", 1968, _AER_.
* "On the Discount Rate for Public Projects", 1969, _Analysis and Evaluation of Public Expenditures_.
* "Input Choices and Rate-of-Return Regulation: An overview of the discussion", with A.K.Klevorick, 1970, _Bell JE_.
* "Optimal Departures from Marginal Cost Pricing", with D.F. Bradford, 1970, _AER_.
* "The Economics of Athenian Drama", 1971, _QJE_.
* _Environmental protection, International Spillovers and Trade_, 1971.
* "On the Economics of the Theatre in Renaissance London" with Mary Oates, 1972, _Swedish JE_.
* "The Dynamics of Urban Problems and its Policy Implications", 1972, in Preston and Corry, editors, _Essays in Honor of Lord Robbins_.
* "Taxation and the Control of Externalities", 1972, _AER_.
* "Detrimental Externalities and Non-Convexity of the Production Set", with D.F. Bradford, 1972, _Economica_.
* "The Transformation of Values: What Marx 'Really' Meant", 1974, _JEL_.
* _The Theory of Environmental Policy_, with W.E.Oates, 1975.
* _Economics, Environmental Policy and Quality of Life_, with W.E.Oates and S.A. Batey Blackman 1979.
* _Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure_, with J.C. Panzar and R.D. Wilig, 1982
* "Contestable Markets: An Uprising in the Theory of Industry Structure", 1982, "AER".
* _Microtheory: Applications and origins_, 1986
* _Superfairness: Application and theory_, with D. Fischer, 1986
* "The Optimal Cash Balance Proposition: Maurice Allais' Priority", with J. Tobin, 1989, _JEL_
* _Productivity and American Leadership: The long view_, with S.A. Batey Blackman and E.N. Wolff, 1989.
* _Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive and Destructive_, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98(3), pp. 893–921, 1990
* _Perfect Markets and Easy Virtue: Business ethics and the invisible hand_, with S.A. Batey Blackman, 1992
* _Entrepreneurship, Management and the Structure of Profit_, 1993.
* _The Free Market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism_, 2002.
* _Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity,_ co-authored with Robert Litan and Carl J. Schramm, 2007
* _The Cost Disease: Why Computers get Cheaper and Healtcare Doesn't_, 2012

## 參考文獻

## 外部連結

* Baumol home page （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* IDEAS/RePEc （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）